US20220364774A1 - Reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle - Google Patents
Reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle Download PDFInfo
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- US20220364774A1 US20220364774A1 US17/619,245 US202017619245A US2022364774A1 US 20220364774 A1 US20220364774 A1 US 20220364774A1 US 202017619245 A US202017619245 A US 202017619245A US 2022364774 A1 US2022364774 A1 US 2022364774A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 1174
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 193
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 61
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 61
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 37
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
- F25B29/003—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the compression type system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
Definitions
- the present invention belongs to the flied of thermodynamics, refrigeration and heat pump.
- Cold demand, heat demand and power demand are common in human life and production.
- the conversion of mechanical energy into thermal energy is an important way to realize refrigeration and heating.
- the temperature of the refrigerated medium changes during the refrigeration process, and the temperature of the heated medium also changes during the heating process.
- the heated medium often has the dual characteristics of variable temperature and high temperature at the same time, which makes the performance unsatisfactory when only using one single thermodynamic cycle to realize refrigeration or heating.
- the problems include the unreasonable coefficient of performance, low heating parameters, high pressure ratio and high operating pressure.
- thermodynamic cycles i.e., refrigeration/heat pump cycles
- refversed thermodynamic cycles are the theoretical basis of mechanical-energy-driven refrigeration or heating devices, and they are also the core of the corresponding energy utilization systems.
- the present invention proposes a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle.
- the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is mainly provided in the present invention, and the specific contents of the present invention are as follows:
- a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of ten processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (3) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (6) to (7) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (7)
- a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of eleven processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (3) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (5) to (7) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (7) to
- a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of eleven processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (3) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (5) to (8) of the M 1
- a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of twelve processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (3) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (8) of the M 1 kg of working medium
- a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of twelve processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (3) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (7) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the M 1 kg of working medium
- a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of thirteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (7) of the X kg of working medium,
- a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of twelve processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (a) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to
- a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of thirteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (a) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b)
- a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of thirteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (a) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b
- a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of fourteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (a) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M
- a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of fourteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (a) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b) to (3) of the M 2
- a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of fifteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (7) of the X kg of working medium,
- a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of fourteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (t) of the (M 2 -M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (3) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing
- a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of fifteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M 2 -M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (t) of the (M 2 -M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (3) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process
- a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of fifteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M 2 -M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M 2 -M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (t) of the (M 2 -M) kg of working medium, performing a de
- a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of sixteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M 2 -M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M 2 -M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M 2 -M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (t) of the (M 2 -M) kg of working medium, performing a
- a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of sixteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M 2 -M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M 2 -M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (t) of the (M 2 -M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (3) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process
- a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of seventeen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (7) of the X kg of working medium, performing
- a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method according to any one of claim 1 - 18 , wherein adjusting that performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium to that performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (z) and a heat-absorption process to set a state (z) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- FIG. 1 is a type 1 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a type 2 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a type 3 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a type 4 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a type 5 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a type 6 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a type 7 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a type 8 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a type 9 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a type 10 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a type 11 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a type 12 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a type 13 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a type 14 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a type 15 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a type 16 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a type 17 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a type 18 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a type 19 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- the working medium conducts ten processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7-8 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 8-9 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 9-1 of the M 1 kg of working medium.
- the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source.
- the heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
- the process 2-3 and 7-8 of the M 1 kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work.
- the process 6-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
- the process 9-1 of the M 1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
- the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
- the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the working medium conducts eleven processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-7 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 7-8 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 8-9 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 9-c of the Mikg of working medium, a depressurization process c-1 of the M 1 kg of working medium.
- the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source.
- the heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
- the process 2-3, 5-7 and 8-9 of the M 1 kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work.
- the process 6-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
- the process c-1 of the M 1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
- the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
- the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the working medium conducts eleven processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-6 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-8 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 8-9 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 9-c of the Mikg of working medium, a depressurization process c-1 of the M 1 kg of working medium.
- the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source.
- the heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
- the process 2-3 and 8-9 of the M 1 kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of the M 2 kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work.
- the process 7-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
- the process c-1 of the M 1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
- the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
- the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the working medium conducts twelve processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-6 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-8 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-c of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process c-d of the M 1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process d-1 of the M 1 kg of working medium.
- the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source.
- the heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
- the heat demand in the process 4-5 of the M 2 kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
- the process 2-3, 4-8 and 9-c of the M 1 kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of the M 2 kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work.
- the process 7-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
- the process d-1 of the M 1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
- the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
- the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the working medium conducts twelve processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-7 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7-8 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-c of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process c-d of the M 1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process d-1 of the M 1 kg of working medium.
- the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source.
- the heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
- the heat demand in the process 4-7 of the M 1 kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
- the process 2-3, 7-8 and 9-c of the M 1 kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of the M 2 kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work.
- the process 6-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
- the process d-1 of the M 1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
- the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
- the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the working medium conducts thirteen processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-6 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-7 of the X kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 7-8 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 8-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-c of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process c-d
- the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source.
- the heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
- the heat absorbed in the process 4-5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
- the process 2-3 and 9-c of the M 1 kg of working medium, the process 5-6 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium and the process 4-7 of the X kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work.
- the process 8-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
- the process d-1 of the M 1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
- the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
- the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 7 works as follows:
- the working medium conducts twelve processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-a of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process a-b of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process b-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7-8 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 8-9 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 9-1 of the M 1 kg of working medium.
- the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source.
- the heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
- the heat absorbed in the process a-b of the M 2 kg of working medium comes from regeneration, or the external heat sources.
- the process 2-3 and 7-8 of the M 1 kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work.
- the process 6-a and b-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
- the process 9-1 of the M 1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
- the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
- the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 8 works as follows:
- the working medium conducts thirteen processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-a of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process a-b of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process b-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-7 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 7-8 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 8-9 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 9-c of the M 1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process
- the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source.
- the heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
- the heat absorbed in the process a-b of the M 2 kg of working medium comes from regeneration, or the external heat sources.
- the process 2-3, 5-7 and 7-8 of the M 1 kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work.
- the process 6-a and b-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
- the process c-1 of the M 1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
- the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
- the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the working medium conducts thirteen processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-6 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-a of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process a-b of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process b-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-8 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 8-9 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 9-c of the M 1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process c-1 of the
- the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source.
- the heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
- the heat absorbed in the process a-b of the M 2 kg of working medium comes from regeneration, or the external heat sources.
- the process 2-3 and 8-9 of the M 1 kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of the M 2 kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work.
- the process 7-a and b-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
- the process c-1 of the M 1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
- the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
- the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the working medium conducts fourteen processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-6 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-a of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process a-b of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process b-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-8 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-c of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process c-d of the M 1 kg of
- the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source.
- the heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
- the heat absorbed in the process 4-5 of the M 2 kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
- the heat absorbed in the process a-b of the M 2 kg of working medium comes from regeneration, or the external heat sources.
- the process 2-3, 4-8 and 9-c of the M 1 kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of the M 2 kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work.
- the process 7-a and b-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
- the process d-1 of the M 1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
- the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
- the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the working medium conducts fourteen processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-a of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process a-b of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process b-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-7 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7-8 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-c of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process c-d of the M 1 kg of working
- the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source.
- the heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
- the heat absorbed in the process 4-7 of the M 1 kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
- the heat absorbed in the process a-b of the M 2 kg of working medium comes from regeneration, or the external heat sources.
- the process 2-3, 7-8 and 9-c of the M 1 kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of the M 2 kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work.
- the process 6-a and b-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
- the process d-1 of the M 1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
- the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
- the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 12 works as follows:
- the working medium conducts fifteen processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-6 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-7 of the X kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 7-8 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 8-a of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process a-b of the M 2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process b-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process
- the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source.
- the heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
- the heat absorbed in the process 4-5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
- the heat absorbed in the process a-b of the M 2 kg of working medium comes from regeneration, or the external heat sources.
- the process 2-3 and 9-c of the M 1 kg of working medium, the process 5-6 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium and the process 4-7 of the X kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work.
- the process 8-a and b-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
- the process d-1 of the M 1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
- the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
- the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the working medium conducts fourteen processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-t of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process t-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7-8 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-r of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process r-s of the M kg of working medium, a heat-absorption and vaporization
- the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source.
- the heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
- the heat absorbed in the process s-t of the M kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
- the process 2-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and the process 7-8 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work.
- the process 6-t of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium and the process t-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium are achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
- the process r-s of the M kg of working medium and the process 9-1 of the M 1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
- the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
- the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 14 works as follows:
- the working medium conducts fifteen processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-t of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process t-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-7 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 7-8 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 8-9 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 9-r of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process r-
- the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source.
- the heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
- the heat absorbed in the process s-t of the M kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
- the process 2-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium and the process 5-7 and 8-9 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work.
- the process 6-t of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium and the process t-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium are achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
- the process r-s of the M kg of working medium and the process c-1 of the M 1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
- the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
- the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 15 works as follows:
- the working medium conducts fifteen processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-6 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-t of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process t-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-8 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 8-9 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 9-r of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process
- the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source.
- the heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
- the heat absorbed in the process s-t of the M kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
- the process 2-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, the process 5-6 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium and the process 8-9 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work.
- the process 7-t of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium and the process t-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium are achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
- the process r-s of the M kg of working medium and the process c-1 of the M 1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
- the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
- the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 16 works as follows:
- the working medium conducts sixteen processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-6 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-t of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process t-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-8 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-c of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process
- the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source.
- the heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
- the heat absorbed in the process 4-5 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
- the heat absorbed in the process s-t of the M kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
- the process 2-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, the process 5-6 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium and the process 4-8 and 9-c of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work.
- the process 7-t of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium and the process t-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium are achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
- the process r-s of the M kg of working medium and the process d-1 of the M 1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
- the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
- the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 17 works as follows:
- the working medium conducts thirteen processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-t of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process t-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-7 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7-8 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-c of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process c-
- the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source.
- the heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
- the heat absorbed in the process 4-7 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
- the heat absorbed in the process s-t of the M kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
- the process 2-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium and the process 7-8 and 9-c of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work.
- the process 6-t of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium and the process t-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium are achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
- the process r-s of the M kg of working medium and the process d-1 of the M 1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
- the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
- the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 18 works as follows:
- the working medium conducts seventeen processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-6 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-7 of the X kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 7-8 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 8-t of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process t-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium,
- the M 1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source.
- the heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M 1 +M 2 ) kg of working medium partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
- the heat absorbed in the process 4-5 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
- the heat absorbed in the process s-t of the M kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
- the process 2-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, the process 5-6 of the (M 1 +M 2 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, the process 4-7 of the X kg of working medium and the process 9-c of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work.
- the process 8-t of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium and the process t-3 of the M 2 kg of working medium are achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work.
- the process r-s of the M kg of working medium and the process d-1 of the M 1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve.
- the total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside.
- the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 18 works as follows:
- the pressurization process 2-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium is changed for the pressurization process 2-z and the heat-absorption process z-3. That is, the pressurization process 2-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium is replaced by the pressurization process 2-z of the M 1 kg of working medium, and the heat-absorption process is increased. The heat absorbed in the process z-3 of the M 1 kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
- the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the technical effects of the present invention The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle proposed by the present invention has the following effects and advantages:
- the present invention establishes a basic theory of the mechanical-energy-driven refrigeration and heating (energy quality difference utilization).
- the present invention eliminates or greatly reduces the exothermic load in the phase-change region, and correspondingly increases the exothermic load in the high-temperature region. Therefore, a reasonable coefficient of performance can be achieved.
- the ranges of the working medium's parameters are expanded greatly. Therefore, the high-efficiency and high-temperature heating can be achieved.
- the present invention provides a theoretical basis for reducing the operating pressure and improving the safety of the device.
- the present invention reduces the cycle's compression ratio, and leads to the convenience in selecting and manufacturing the cycle's core devices.
- the present invention possesses simple methods, reasonable processes and good applicability. It is a common technology to realize the effective utilization of energy grade differences.
- the present invention only uses a single working medium, which is easy to produce and store;
- the present invention can also reduce the operation cost and improve the flexibility of cycle regulation.
- the present invention adopts the low-pressure and high-temperature operation mode in the high-temperature region; therefore, the contradiction among the coefficient of performance, the working medium's parameters and the material's temperature resistance and pressure resistance abilities, which is common in traditional refrigeration/heat pump devices, can be alleviated or solved.
- the present invention can operate at a low pressure.
- the present invention provides theoretical support for improving the safety of the device operation.
- the present invention possesses a wide range of applicable working media.
- the present invention can match energy supply with demand well. It is flexible to match the working medium and the working parameters.
- the present invention expands the range of thermodynamic cycles for mechanical-energy-driven refrigeration and heating, and is conducive to better realize the efficient utilization of mechanical energy in the fields of refrigeration, high-temperature heating and variable temperature heating.
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Abstract
The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle of the present invitation belongs to the field of thermodynamics, refrigeration and heat pump, which are consists of ten processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-3 of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7-8 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 8-9 of the M1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 9-1 of the M1 kg of working medium.
Description
- The present invention belongs to the flied of thermodynamics, refrigeration and heat pump.
- Cold demand, heat demand and power demand are common in human life and production. Among them, the conversion of mechanical energy into thermal energy is an important way to realize refrigeration and heating. Generally, the temperature of the refrigerated medium changes during the refrigeration process, and the temperature of the heated medium also changes during the heating process. When using mechanical energy for heating, the heated medium often has the dual characteristics of variable temperature and high temperature at the same time, which makes the performance unsatisfactory when only using one single thermodynamic cycle to realize refrigeration or heating. The problems include the unreasonable coefficient of performance, low heating parameters, high pressure ratio and high operating pressure.
- From the perspective of basic theory, there have been significant deficiencies for a long time: (1) In the vapor compression refrigeration/heat pump cycles based on the reversed Rankine cycle, the heat releasing process is usually a condensation process (isothermal or near-isothermal), which leads to a large loss of temperature difference between the working medium and the heated medium. Meanwhile, the depressurization process of the condensate has a large loss (or a high utilization cost). When the supercritical working condition is adopted, the compression ratio is high, which makes the manufacturing cost of the compressor high and the safety reduced. (2) In the gas compression refrigeration/heat pump cycles based on the reversed Brayton cycle, the required compression ratio is low, which limits the improvement of heating parameters. Meanwhile, the temperature changes a lot in the low-temperature process, which leads to a large temperature difference loss in the low-temperature process when heating or cooling, and thus the coefficient of performance is not satisfactory.
- In the basic theoretical system of thermal science, the establishment, development and application of thermodynamic cycles will play an important role in the leap of energy utilization and actively promote the social progress and the productivity development. Reversed thermodynamic cycles (i.e., refrigeration/heat pump cycles) are the theoretical basis of mechanical-energy-driven refrigeration or heating devices, and they are also the core of the corresponding energy utilization systems. Aiming at the long-standing problems, starting from the principle of simply, actively and efficiently using the mechanical energy for refrigeration or heating, striving to provide the basic theoretical support for the simplicity, initiative and efficiency of refrigeration or heat pump device, the present invention proposes a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle.
- The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is mainly provided in the present invention, and the specific contents of the present invention are as follows:
- 1. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of ten processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (6) to (7) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (9) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
- 2. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of eleven processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (5) to (7) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (7) to (8) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (9) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (c) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
- 3. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of eleven processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (5) to (8) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (9) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (c) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
- 4. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of twelve processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (8) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (9) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (c) to (d) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (d) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
- 5. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of twelve processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (7) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (9) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (c) to (d) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (d) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
- 6. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of thirteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (7) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (7) to (8) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (8) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (9) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (c) to (d) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (d) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
- 7. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of twelve processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (a) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (6) to (7) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (9) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
- 8. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of thirteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (a) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (5) to (7) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (7) to (8) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (9) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (c) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
- 9. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of thirteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (a) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (5) to (8) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (9) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (c) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
- 10. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of fourteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (a) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (8) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (9) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (c) to (d) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (d) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
- 11. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of fourteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (a) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (7) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (9) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (c) to (d) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (d) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
- 12. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of fifteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (7) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (7) to (8) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (8) to (a) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (9) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (c) to (d) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (d) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
- 13. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of fourteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (t) of the (M2-M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (6) to (7) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (8) to (r) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (r) to (s) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (s) to (t) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (r) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (9) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
- 14. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of fifteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M2-M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (t) of the (M2-M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (5) to (7) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (8) to (9) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (9) to (r) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (r) to (s) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (s) to (t) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (r) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (c) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
- 15. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of fifteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M2-M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M2-M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (t) of the (M2-M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (5) to (8) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (8) to (9) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (9) to (r) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (r) to (s) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (s) to (t) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (r) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (c) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
- 16. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of sixteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M2-M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M2-M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M2-M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (t) of the (M2-M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (8) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (8) to (9) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (9) to (c) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (c) to (r) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (r) to (s) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (s) to (t) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (r) to (d) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (d) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
- 17. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of sixteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M2-M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M2-M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (t) of the (M2-M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (4) to (7) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (8) to (9) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (9) to (c) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (c) to (r) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (r) to (s) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (s) to (t) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (r) to (d) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (d) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
- 18. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consists of seventeen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (7) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (7) to (8) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (8) to (t) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (8) to (9) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (9) to (c) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (c) to (r) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (r) to (s) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (s) to (t) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (r) to (d) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (d) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
- 19. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method according to any one of claim 1-18, wherein adjusting that performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium to that performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (z) and a heat-absorption process to set a state (z) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
-
FIG. 1 is atype 1 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention. -
FIG. 2 is atype 2 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention. -
FIG. 3 is atype 3 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention. -
FIG. 4 is atype 4 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention. -
FIG. 5 is atype 5 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention. -
FIG. 6 is atype 6 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention. -
FIG. 7 is atype 7 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention. -
FIG. 8 is atype 8 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention. -
FIG. 9 is atype 9 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium combined cycle provided in the present invention. -
FIG. 10 is a type 10 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention. -
FIG. 11 is a type 11 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention. -
FIG. 12 is a type 12 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention. -
FIG. 13 is atype 13 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention. -
FIG. 14 is a type 14 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention. -
FIG. 15 is a type 15 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention. -
FIG. 16 is a type 16 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium combined cycle provided in the present invention. -
FIG. 17 is a type 17 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention. -
FIG. 18 is a type 18 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention. -
FIG. 19 is a type 19 example general flow chart of a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention. - The first thing to note is that, in terms of the process description, it shall not be repeated under unnecessary circumstances, and the obvious process shall not be described. The detailed description of the present invention is as follows: The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 1 works as follows: - (1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.
- The working medium conducts ten processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-3 of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7-8 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 8-9 of the M1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 9-1 of the M1 kg of working medium.
- (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.
- {circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 5-6 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium and the process 6-7 and 8-9 of the M1 kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium in process 3-4.
- {circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
- {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 2-3 and 7-8 of the M1 kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work. The process 6-3 of the M2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process 9-1 of the M1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 2 works as follows: - (1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.
- The working medium conducts eleven processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of the M2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-3 of the M2 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-7 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 7-8 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 8-9 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 9-c of the Mikg of working medium, a depressurization process c-1 of the M1 kg of working medium.
- (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.
- {circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 5-6 of the M2 kg of working medium and the process 7-8 and 9-c of the M1 kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium in process 3-4.
- {circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
- {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 2-3, 5-7 and 8-9 of the M1 kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work. The process 6-3 of the M2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process c-1 of the M1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 3 works as follows: - (1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.
- The working medium conducts eleven processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-6 of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the M2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-3 of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-8 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 8-9 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 9-c of the Mikg of working medium, a depressurization process c-1 of the M1 kg of working medium.
- (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.
- {circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 6-7 of the M2 kg of working medium and the process 5-8 and 9-c of the M1 kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium in process 3-4.
- {circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
- {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 2-3 and 8-9 of the M1 kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of the M2 kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work. The process 7-3 of the M2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process c-1 of the M1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 4 works as follows: - (1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.
- The working medium conducts twelve processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the M2 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-6 of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the M2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-3 of the M2 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-8 of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-c of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process c-d of the M1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process d-1 of the M1 kg of working medium.
- (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.
- {circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 6-7 of the M2 kg of working medium and the process 8-9 and c-d of the M1 kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium in process 3-4 and the M2 kg of working medium in process 4-5.
- {circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat demand in the process 4-5 of the M2 kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
- {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 2-3, 4-8 and 9-c of the M1 kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of the M2 kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work. The process 7-3 of the M2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process d-1 of the M1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 5 works as follows: - (1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.
- The working medium conducts twelve processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of the M2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-3 of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-7 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7-8 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-c of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process c-d of the M1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process d-1 of the M1 kg of working medium.
- (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.
- {circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 5-6 of the M2 kg of working medium and the process 8-9 and c-d of the M1 kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium in process 3-4 and the M1 kg of working medium in process 4-7.
- {circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat demand in the process 4-7 of the M1 kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
- {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 2-3, 7-8 and 9-c of the M1 kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of the M2 kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work. The process 6-3 of the M2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process d-1 of the M1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 6 works as follows: - (1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.
- The working medium conducts thirteen processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-6 of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-7 of the X kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 7-8 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 8-3 of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-c of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process c-d of the M1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process d-1 of the M1 kg of working medium.
- (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.
- {circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 6-7 of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, the process 7-8 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium and the process 8-9 and c-d of the M1 kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium in process 3-4 and the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium in process 4-5.
- {circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process 4-5 of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration.
- {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 2-3 and 9-c of the M1 kg of working medium, the process 5-6 of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium and the process 4-7 of the X kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work. The process 8-3 of the M2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process d-1 of the M1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 7 works as follows: - (1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.
- The working medium conducts twelve processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-a of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process a-b of the M2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process b-3 of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7-8 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 8-9 of the M1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 9-1 of the M1 kg of working medium.
- (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.
- {circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 5-6 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium and the process 6-7 and 8-9 of the M1 kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the M2 kg of working medium in process a-b and the (M1+M2) kg of working medium in process 3-4.
- {circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process a-b of the M2 kg of working medium comes from regeneration, or the external heat sources.
- {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 2-3 and 7-8 of the M1 kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work. The process 6-a and b-3 of the M2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process 9-1 of the M1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 8 works as follows: - (1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.
- The working medium conducts thirteen processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-a of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process a-b of the M2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process b-3 of the M2 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-7 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 7-8 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 8-9 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 9-c of the M1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process c-1 of the M1 kg of working medium.
- (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.
- {circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 5-6 of the M1 kg of working medium and the process 7-8 and 9-c of the M1 kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the M2 kg of working medium in process a-b and the (M1+M2) kg of working medium in process 3-4.
- {circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process a-b of the M2 kg of working medium comes from regeneration, or the external heat sources.
- {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 2-3, 5-7 and 7-8 of the M1 kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work. The process 6-a and b-3 of the M2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process c-1 of the M1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 9 works as follows: - (1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.
- The working medium conducts thirteen processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-6 of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the M2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-a of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process a-b of the M2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process b-3 of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-8 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 8-9 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 9-c of the M1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process c-1 of the M1 kg of working medium.
- (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.
- {circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 6-7 of the M2 kg of working medium and the process 5-8 and 9-c of the M1 kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the M2 kg of working medium in process a-b and the (M1+M2) kg of working medium in process 3-4. Wherein, the low-temperature heat released in the process 9-c of M1 kg working medium can be used for the heat demand of the M1 kg working medium in process 1-2.
- {circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process a-b of the M2 kg of working medium comes from regeneration, or the external heat sources.
- {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 2-3 and 8-9 of the M1 kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of the M2 kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work. The process 7-a and b-3 of the M2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process c-1 of the M1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 10 works as follows: - (1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.
- The working medium conducts fourteen processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the M2 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-6 of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the M2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-a of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process a-b of the M2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process b-3 of the M2 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-8 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-c of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process c-d of the M1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process d-1 of the M1 kg of working medium.
- (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.
- {circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 6-7 of the M2 kg of working medium and the process 8-9 and c-d of the M1 kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the M2 kg of working medium in process 4-5 and a-b and the (M1+M2) kg of working medium in process 3-4. Wherein, the low-temperature heat released in the process c-d of M1 kg working medium can be used for the heat demand of the M1 kg working medium in process 1-2.
- {circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process 4-5 of the M2 kg of working medium comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process a-b of the M2 kg of working medium comes from regeneration, or the external heat sources.
- {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 2-3, 4-8 and 9-c of the M1 kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of the M2 kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work. The process 7-a and b-3 of the M2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process d-1 of the M1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 11 works as follows: - (1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.
- The working medium conducts fourteen processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of the M2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-a of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process a-b of the M2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process b-3 of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-7 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7-8 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-c of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process c-d of the M1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process d-1 of the M1 kg of working medium.
- (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.
- {circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 5-6 of the M2 kg of working medium and the process 8-9 and c-d of the M1 kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the M1 kg of working medium in process 4-7, the M2 kg of working medium in process a-b and the (M1+M2) kg of working medium in process 3-4. Wherein, the low-temperature heat released in the process c-d of M1 kg working medium can be used for the heat demand of the M1 kg working medium in process 1-2.
- {circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process 4-7 of the M1 kg of working medium comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process a-b of the M2 kg of working medium comes from regeneration, or the external heat sources.
- {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 2-3, 7-8 and 9-c of the M1 kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of the M2 kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work. The process 6-a and b-3 of the M2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process d-1 of the M1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 12 works as follows: - (1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.
- The working medium conducts fifteen processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-6 of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-7 of the X kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 7-8 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 8-a of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process a-b of the M2 kg of working medium, a depressurization process b-3 of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-c of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process c-d of the M1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process d-1 of the M1 kg of working medium.
- (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.
- {circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 6-7 of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, the process 7-8 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium and the process 8-9 and c-d of the M1 kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium in process 4-5, the M2 kg of working medium in process a-b and the (M1+M2) kg of working medium in process 3-4. Wherein, the low-temperature heat released in the process c-d of M1 kg working medium can be used for the heat demand of the M1 kg working medium in process 1-2.
- {circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process 4-5 of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process a-b of the M2 kg of working medium comes from regeneration, or the external heat sources.
- {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 2-3 and 9-c of the M1 kg of working medium, the process 5-6 of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium and the process 4-7 of the X kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work. The process 8-a and b-3 of the M2 kg of working medium is achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process d-1 of the M1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 13 works as follows: - (1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.
- The working medium conducts fourteen processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-t of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process t-3 of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7-8 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-r of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process r-s of the M kg of working medium, a heat-absorption and vaporization process s-t of the M kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process r-9 of the M1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 9-1 of the M1 kg of working medium.
- (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.
- {circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 5-6 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium and the process 6-7 and 8-r of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the M kg of working medium in process s-t and the (M1+M2) kg of working medium in process 3-4. The heat released in the process r-9 of M1 kg working medium can be used for the heat demand of the (M1+M2) kg working medium in process 3-4.
- {circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium comes from the low-temperature heat load, or partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process s-t of the M kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
- {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium and the process 7-8 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work. The process 6-t of the (M2−M) kg of working medium and the process t-3 of the M2 kg of working medium are achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process r-s of the M kg of working medium and the process 9-1 of the M1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 14 works as follows: - (1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.
- The working medium conducts fifteen processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-t of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process t-3 of the M2 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-7 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 7-8 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 8-9 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 9-r of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process r-s of the M kg of working medium, a heat-absorption and vaporization process s-t of the M kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process r-c of the M1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process c-1 of the M1 kg of working medium.
- (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.
- {circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 5-6 of the (M2−M) kg of working medium and the process 7-8 and 9-r of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the M kg of working medium in process s-t and the (M1+M2) kg of working medium in process 3-4. The heat released in the process r-c of M1 kg working medium can be used for the heat demand of the (M1+M2) kg working medium in process 3-4.
- {circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process s-t of the M kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
- {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium and the process 5-7 and 8-9 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work. The process 6-t of the (M2−M) kg of working medium and the process t-3 of the M2 kg of working medium are achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process r-s of the M kg of working medium and the process c-1 of the M1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 15 works as follows: - (1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.
- The working medium conducts fifteen processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-6 of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-t of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process t-3 of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-8 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 8-9 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 9-r of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process r-s of the M kg of working medium, a heat-absorption and vaporization process s-t of the M kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process r-c of the M1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process c-1 of the M1 kg of working medium.
- (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.
- {circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 6-7 of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, the process 5-8 and 9-r of the (M1+M) kg of working medium and the process r-s of the M1 kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the M kg of working medium in process s-t and the (M1+M2) kg of working medium in process 3-4.
- {circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process s-t of the M kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
- {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, the process 5-6 of the (M2−M) kg of working medium and the process 8-9 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work. The process 7-t of the (M2−M) kg of working medium and the process t-3 of the M2 kg of working medium are achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process r-s of the M kg of working medium and the process c-1 of the M1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 16 works as follows: - (1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.
- The working medium conducts sixteen processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-6 of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-t of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process t-3 of the M2 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-8 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-c of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process c-r of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process r-s of the M kg of working medium, a heat-absorption and vaporization process s-t of the M kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process r-d of the M1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process d-1 of the M1 kg of working medium.
- (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.
- {circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 6-7 of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, the process 8-9 and c-r of the (M1+M) kg of working medium and the process r-d of the M1 kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the M kg of working medium in process s-t, the (M2−M) kg of working medium in process 4-5 and the (M1+M2) kg of working medium in process 3-4.
- {circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process 4-5 of the (M2−M) kg of working medium comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process s-t of the M kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
- {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, the process 5-6 of the (M2−M) kg of working medium and the process 4-8 and 9-c of the (M1+M) kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work. The process 7-t of the (M2−M) kg of working medium and the process t-3 of the M2 kg of working medium are achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process r-s of the M kg of working medium and the process d-1 of the M1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 17 works as follows: - (1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.
- The working medium conducts thirteen processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-5 of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 5-6 of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-t of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process t-3 of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-7 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7-8 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-c of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process c-r of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process r-s of the M kg of working medium, a heat-absorption and vaporization process s-t of the M kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process r-d of the M1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process d-1 of the M1 kg of working medium.
- (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.
- {circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 5-6 of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, the process 8-9 and c-r of the (M1+M) kg of working medium and the process r-d of the M1 kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the M kg of working medium in process s-t, the (M1+M) kg of working medium in process 4-7 and the (M1+M2) kg of working medium in process 3-4.
- {circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process 4-7 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process s-t of the M kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
- {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the (M2−M) kg of working medium and the process 7-8 and 9-c of the (M1+M) kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work. The process 6-t of the (M2−M) kg of working medium and the process t-3 of the M2 kg of working medium are achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process r-s of the M kg of working medium and the process d-1 of the M1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 18 works as follows: - (1) From the Perspective of the Cycle's Processes.
- The working medium conducts seventeen processes: a heat-absorption and vaporization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 5-6 of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 4-7 of the X kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 7-8 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 8-t of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process t-3 of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-c of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process c-r of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process r-s of the M kg of working medium, a heat-absorption and vaporization process s-t of the M kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process r-d of the M1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process d-1 of the M1 kg of working medium.
- (2) From the Perspective of Energy Conversion.
- {circle around (1)} Heat-releasing processes. Aiming at the heat released in the process 6-7 of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, the process 7-8 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, the process 8-9 and c-r of the (M1+M) kg of working medium and the process r-d of the M1 kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demand of the heated medium, and the relatively low-temperature parts are generally used to satisfy the heat demands of the M kg of working medium in process s-t, the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium in process 4-5 and the (M1+M2) kg of working medium in process 3-4.
- {circle around (2)} Heat absorption processes. Generally, the M1 kg of working medium in the process 1-2 obtains the low-temperature heat load which is provided by the refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source. The heat absorbed in the process 3-4 of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process 4-5 of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium partly comes from the low-temperature heat load and partly comes from regeneration, or totally comes from regeneration. The heat absorbed in the process s-t of the M kg of working medium comes from regeneration.
- {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, the process 5-6 of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, the process 4-7 of the X kg of working medium and the process 9-c of the (M1+M) kg of working medium are generally achieved by a compressor and requires mechanical work. The process 8-t of the (M2−M) kg of working medium and the process t-3 of the M2 kg of working medium are achieved by an expander and provides mechanical work. The process r-s of the M kg of working medium and the process d-1 of the M1 kg of working medium can be achieved by a turbine or a throttle valve. The total expansion work output is less than the total pressurization work input, and the difference (the cycle's net work) is inputted from the outside. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- The T-s diagram of the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 18 works as follows: - In the reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle of
FIG. 1 , the pressurization process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium is changed for the pressurization process 2-z and the heat-absorption process z-3. That is, the pressurization process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium is replaced by the pressurization process 2-z of the M1 kg of working medium, and the heat-absorption process is increased. The heat absorbed in the process z-3 of the M1 kg of working medium comes from regeneration. The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed. - The technical effects of the present invention: The reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle proposed by the present invention has the following effects and advantages:
- (1) The present invention establishes a basic theory of the mechanical-energy-driven refrigeration and heating (energy quality difference utilization).
- (2) The present invention eliminates or greatly reduces the exothermic load in the phase-change region, and correspondingly increases the exothermic load in the high-temperature region. Therefore, a reasonable coefficient of performance can be achieved.
- (3) In the present invention, the ranges of the working medium's parameters are expanded greatly. Therefore, the high-efficiency and high-temperature heating can be achieved.
- (4) The present invention provides a theoretical basis for reducing the operating pressure and improving the safety of the device.
- (5) The present invention reduces the cycle's compression ratio, and leads to the convenience in selecting and manufacturing the cycle's core devices.
- (6) The present invention possesses simple methods, reasonable processes and good applicability. It is a common technology to realize the effective utilization of energy grade differences.
- (7) The present invention only uses a single working medium, which is easy to produce and store; The present invention can also reduce the operation cost and improve the flexibility of cycle regulation.
- (8) The processes in the present invention are shared and reduced, which provides a theoretical basis for reducing equipment investment.
- (9) In the high-temperature region or the variable temperature region, the temperature difference loss in heat transfer can be reduced, and the coefficient of performance can be improved.
- (10) The present invention adopts the low-pressure and high-temperature operation mode in the high-temperature region; therefore, the contradiction among the coefficient of performance, the working medium's parameters and the material's temperature resistance and pressure resistance abilities, which is common in traditional refrigeration/heat pump devices, can be alleviated or solved.
- (11) Under the precondition of achieving a high thermal efficiency, the present invention can operate at a low pressure. The present invention provides theoretical support for improving the safety of the device operation.
- (12) The present invention possesses a wide range of applicable working media. The present invention can match energy supply with demand well. It is flexible to match the working medium and the working parameters.
- (13) The present invention expands the range of thermodynamic cycles for mechanical-energy-driven refrigeration and heating, and is conducive to better realize the efficient utilization of mechanical energy in the fields of refrigeration, high-temperature heating and variable temperature heating.
Claims (19)
1. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of ten processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (6) to (7) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (9) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
2. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of eleven processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (5) to (7) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (7) to (8) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (9) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (c) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
3. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of eleven processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (5) to (8) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (9) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (c) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
4. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of twelve processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (8) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (9) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (c) to (d) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (d) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
5. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of twelve processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (7) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (9) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (c) to (d) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (d) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
6. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of thirteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (7) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (7) to (8) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (8) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (9) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (c) to (d) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (d) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
7. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of twelve processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (a) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (6) to (7) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (9) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
8. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of thirteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (a) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (5) to (7) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (7) to (8) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (9) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (c) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
9. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of thirteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (a) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (5) to (8) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (9) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (c) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
10. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fourteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (a) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (8) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (9) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (c) to (d) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (d) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
11. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fourteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (a) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (7) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (8) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (9) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (c) to (d) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (d) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
12. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fifteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (7) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (7) to (8) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (8) to (a) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (a) to (b) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (b) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (9) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (c) to (d) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (d) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
13. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fourteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (6) to (t) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (6) to (7) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (8) to (r) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (r) to (s) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (s) to (t) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (r) to (9) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (9) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
14. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fifteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (t) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (5) to (7) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (8) to (9) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (9) to (r) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (r) to (s) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (s) to (t) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (r) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (c) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
15. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fifteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (t) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (5) to (8) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (8) to (9) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (9) to (r) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (r) to (s) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (s) to (t) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (r) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (c) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
16. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of sixteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (t) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (8) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (8) to (9) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (9) to (c) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (c) to (r) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (r) to (s) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (s) to (t) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (r) to (d) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (d) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
17. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of sixteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (t) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (4) to (7) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (8) to (9) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (9) to (c) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (c) to (r) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (r) to (s) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (s) to (t) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (r) to (d) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (d) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
18. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of seventeen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M1+M2−X) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (4) to (7) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (7) to (8) of the (M1+M2) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (8) to (t) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (t) to (3) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (8) to (9) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set the state (9) to (c) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (c) to (r) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (r) to (s) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (s) to (t) of the M kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (r) to (d) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (d) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium.
19. A reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method according to any one of claim 1 -18 , wherein adjusting that performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium to that performing a pressurization process to set the state (2) to (z) and a heat-absorption process to set a state (z) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, a reversed single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
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