US20220213812A1 - Single-working-medium vapor combined cycle - Google Patents
Single-working-medium vapor combined cycle Download PDFInfo
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- US20220213812A1 US20220213812A1 US17/606,031 US202017606031A US2022213812A1 US 20220213812 A1 US20220213812 A1 US 20220213812A1 US 202017606031 A US202017606031 A US 202017606031A US 2022213812 A1 US2022213812 A1 US 2022213812A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 472
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/02—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of multiple-expansion type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
Definitions
- the present invention belongs to the flied of energy and power technology.
- the vapor power device with external combustion for example, its heat source has the dual characteristics of high temperature and variable temperature.
- the material's temperature resistance and pressure resistance abilities and safety concerns limit the parameters of the cycle's working medium. Therefore, there is a big temperature difference between the working medium and the heat source, which leads to big irreversible loss and low efficiency.
- thermodynamic cycles are the theoretical basis of thermal energy utilization devices, and the core of energy utilization systems. The establishment, development and application of thermodynamic cycles will play an important role in the rapid development of energy utilization and will promote actively for social progress and productivity development.
- the present invention proposes a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle.
- the single working-medium vapor combined cycle and the vapor power device for combined cycle are mainly provided in the present invention, and the specific content of the present invention is as follows:
- a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of eight processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (4) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M 3 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M 3 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (7) to (1) of the M 1 kg of working medium, wherein M 3 is
- a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of eleven processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (4) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (8) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M 3 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M 3 ⁇
- a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of eleven processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (a) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (4) of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set
- a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fourteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (a) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (4) of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set
- a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of nine processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (4) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M 3 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M 3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing
- a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of twelve processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (4) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M 3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (8) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M 3 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M 3 ⁇
- a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of twelve processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (a) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (4) of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set
- a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fifteen processes which are conducted with M 1 kg of working medium and M 2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of the M 1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (a) of the M 2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (4) of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the
- FIG. 1 is a type 1 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a type 2 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a type 3 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a type 4 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a type 5 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a type 6 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a type 7 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a type 8 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention.
- M 3 is a sum of M 1 and M 2 .
- the detailed description of the present invention is as follows:
- the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 1 works as follows:
- the working medium conducts eight processes: a pressurization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process 2 - 3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3 - 4 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7 - 4 of M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4 - 5 of the M 3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5 - 6 of the M 3 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6 - 7 of the M 3 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 7 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium.
- Heat absorption processes the process 2 - 3 of the M 1 kg of working medium and the process 5 - 6 of the M 3 kg of working medium.
- the relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by the heat-releasing process 6 - 7 of the M 3 kg of working medium (regeneration), or by both.
- the heat released by the M 3 kg of working medium in process 6 - 7 can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially or completely; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment).
- the heat released by the M 1 kg of working medium in process 7 - 1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
- the pressurization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump.
- the pressurization process 7 - 4 of the M 2 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor.
- the depressurization (and expansion) process 3 - 4 of the M 1 kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 5 - 6 of the M 3 kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
- the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 2 works as follows:
- the working medium conducts eleven processes: a pressurization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process 2 - 3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3 - 4 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9 - 4 of M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4 - 5 of the M 3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5 - 8 of the X kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 5 - 6 of the (M 3 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6 - 7 of the (M 3 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 7 - 8 of the (M 3 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8 - 9 of the M 3 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 9 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium.
- Heat absorption processes the process 2 - 3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, the process 4 - 5 of the M 3 kg of working medium and the process 5 - 6 of the (M 3 ⁇ X) kg of working medium.
- the relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by the heat-releasing process 7 - 8 of the (M 3 ⁇ X) kg of working medium and the heat-releasing process 8 - 9 of the M 3 kg of working medium (regeneration), or by both.
- the heat released by the (M 3 ⁇ X) kg of working medium in process 7 - 8 and the heat released by the M 3 kg of working medium in process 8 - 9 can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially or completely; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment).
- the heat released by the M 1 kg of working medium in process 9 - 1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
- the pressurization process 1 - 2 of M 1 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump.
- the pressurization process 9 - 4 of M 2 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor.
- the depressurization process 3 - 4 of M 1 kg of working medium, the depressurization process 5 - 8 of X kg of working medium and the depressurization process 6 - 7 of (M 3 ⁇ X) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
- the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 3 works as follows:
- the working medium conducts eleven processes: a pressurization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process 2 - b of the M 1 kg of working medium and the M kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process b- 3 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7 - a of the M 2 kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process a-b of the M 1 kg of working medium and the M kg of working medium, a pressurization process a- 4 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4 - 5 of the M 3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5 - 6 of M 3 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6 - 7 of the M 3 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 7
- Heat absorption processes the mixing heat released by the M kg of working medium is absorbed by the process 2 - b of the M 1 kg of working medium.
- the relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by the heat-releasing process 6 - 7 of M 3 the kg of working medium (regeneration), or by both.
- the heat released by the M 3 kg of working medium in process 6 - 7 can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially or completely; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment).
- the heat released by the M 1 kg of working medium in process 7 - 1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
- the pressurization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump.
- the pressurization process 7 - a of the M 2 kg of working medium and the pressurization process a- 4 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by a compressor.
- the depressurization process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, the depressurization process 5 - 6 of the M 3 kg of working medium is usually achieved by expander.
- the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 4 works as follows:
- the working medium conducts eleven processes: a pressurization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process 2 - b of the M 1 kg of working medium and the M kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process b- 3 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9 - a of the M 2 kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process a-b of the M 1 kg of working medium and the M kg of working medium, a pressurization process a- 4 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4 - 5 of the M 3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5 - 8 of the X kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 5 - 6 of the (M 3 ⁇ X) kg of working medium,
- Heat absorption processes the mixing heat released by the M kg of working medium is absorbed by the process 2 - b of the M 1 kg of working medium.
- the relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by the combination of heat-releasing process 7 - 8 of the (M 3 ⁇ X) kg of working medium and heat-releasing process 8 - 9 of the M 3 kg of working medium (regeneration), or by both.
- the heat released by the (M 3 ⁇ X) kg of working medium in process 7 - 8 and the heat released by the M 3 kg of working medium in process 8 - 9 can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment).
- the heat released by the M 1 kg of working medium in 9 - 1 process is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
- the pressurization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump.
- the pressurization process 9 - a of the M 2 kg of working medium an the pressurization process a- 4 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors.
- the depressurization process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, the depressurization process 5 - 8 of the X kg of working medium and the depressurization process 6 - 7 of the (M 3 ⁇ X) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
- the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 5 works as follows:
- the working medium conducts nine processes: a pressurization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process 2 - 3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3 - 4 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7 - 4 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4 - 5 of the M 3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5 - 6 of the M 3 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6 - 7 of the M 3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7 - 8 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 8 - 1 of the M 1 kg of working medium.
- the heat released by the M 3 kg of working medium in process 6 - 7 can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment).
- the heat released by the M 1 kg of working medium in process 8 - 1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
- the pressurization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump.
- the pressurization process 7 - 4 of the M 2 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor.
- the depressurization process 3 - 4 of the M 1 kg of working medium, the depressurization process 5 - 6 of the M 3 kg of working medium and the depressurization process 7 - 8 of the M 1 kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
- the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 6 works as follows:
- the working medium conducts twelve processes: a pressurization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process 2 - 3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3 - 4 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9 - 4 of the M 2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4 - 5 of the M 3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5 - 8 of the X kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 5 - 6 of the (M 3 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6 - 7 of the (M 3 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 7 - 8 of the (M 3 ⁇ X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8 - 9 of the M 3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 9 - c of the M 1 kg of working medium, a heat-
- Heat absorption processes the process 2 - 3 of the M 1 kg of working medium, the process 4 - 5 of the M 3 kg of working medium and the process 5 - 6 of the (M 3 ⁇ X) kg of working medium.
- the relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by the combination of heat-releasing process 7 - 8 of the (M 3 ⁇ X) kg of working medium and heat-releasing process 8 - 9 of the M 3 kg of working medium (regeneration), or by both.
- the heat released by the (M 3 ⁇ X) kg of working medium in process 7 - 8 and the heat released by the M 3 kg of working medium in process 8 - 9 can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment).
- the heat released by the M 1 kg of working medium in process c- 1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
- the pressurization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump.
- the pressurization process 9 - 4 of the M 2 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor.
- the depressurization process 3 - 4 of the M 1 kg of working medium, the depressurization process 5 - 8 of the X kg of working medium and the depressurization process 6 - 7 of the (M 3 ⁇ X) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
- the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 7 works as follows:
- the working medium conducts twelve processes: a pressurization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process 2 - b of the M 1 kg of working medium and the M kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process b- 3 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7 - a of the M 2 kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process a-b of the M 1 kg of working medium and the M kg of working medium, a pressurization process a- 4 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4 - 5 of the M 3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5 - 6 of the M 3 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6 - 7 of the M 3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7
- the heat released by the M 3 kg of working medium in process 6 - 7 can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially or completely; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment).
- the heat released by the M 1 kg of working medium in process 8 - 1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
- the pressurization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump.
- the pressurization process 7 - a of the M 2 kg of working medium and the pressurization process a- 4 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors.
- the depressurization process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 5 - 6 of the M 3 kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
- the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in FIG. 8 works as follows:
- the working medium conducts fifteen processes: a pressurization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process 2 - b of the M 1 kg of working medium and the M kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process b- 3 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9 - a of the M 2 kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process a-b of the M 1 kg of working medium and the M kg of working medium, a pressurization process a- 4 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4 - 5 of the M 3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5 - 8 of the X kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 5 - 6 of the (M 3
- the heat released by the (M 3 ⁇ X) kg of working medium in process 7 - 8 and the M 3 kg of working medium in process 8 - 9 can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment).
- the heat released by the M 1 kg of working medium in process c- 1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
- the pressurization process 1 - 2 of the M 1 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump.
- the pressurization process 9 - a of the M 2 kg of working medium and the pressurization process a- 4 of the (M 2 ⁇ M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors.
- the depressurization process 3 - 4 of the (M 1 +M) kg of working medium, the depressurization process 5 - 8 of the X kg of working medium, the depressurization process 6 - 7 of the (M 3 ⁇ X) kg of working medium and the depressurization process 9 - c of the M 1 kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders.
- the total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- the present invention greatly reduces the amount of heat absorbed in the phase-change region, and correspondingly increases the amount of heat absorbed in the high-temperature region or the variable temperature region. Therefore, the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle can achieve high efficiency.
- the present invention possesses simple methods, reasonable processes and good applicability. It is a common technology to realize the effective utilization of temperature differences.
- the present invention only uses a single working medium, which is easy to produce and store;
- the present invention can also reduce the operation cost and improve the flexibility of cycle regulation.
- both the cycle's working medium and the heat source medium conduct variable-temperature processes; therefore, the temperature difference loss is reduced and the efficiency is improved.
- the present invention adopts the low-pressure and high-temperature operation mode in the high-temperature region; therefore, the contradiction among thermal efficiency, the working medium's parameters and the material's temperature resistance and pressure resistance abilities, which is common in traditional vapor power devices, can be resolved.
- the vapor power device provided in the present invention can operate at a low pressure.
- the present invention provides theoretical support for improving the safety of device operation.
- the present invention possesses a wide range of applicable working media.
- the present invention can match energy supply with demand well. It is flexible to match the working medium and the working parameters.
- the present invention expands the range of thermodynamic cycles for temperature difference utilization, and contributes to a higher-efficiency power generation of high-temperature heat sources and variable-temperature heat sources.
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Abstract
The single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is provided in this invitation and belongs to the field of energy and power technology. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle consists of nine processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: a pressurization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7-4 of M2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the M3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-6 of the M3 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the M3 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 7-1 of the M1 kg of working medium; M3 is the sum of M1 and M2.
Description
- The present invention belongs to the flied of energy and power technology.
- Cold demand, heat demand and power demand are common in human life and production. It is an important way to obtain and provide power by the conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy. In general, the temperature of heat source reduces and varies with the release of heat. When fossil fuels are used as the primary energy, the heat source has the dual characteristics of both high temperature and variable temperature. Therefore, only one single thermodynamic cycle cannot achieve an ideal efficiency for refrigeration, heating or power generation.
- Take the vapor power device with external combustion for example, its heat source has the dual characteristics of high temperature and variable temperature. For those vapor power devices based on the Rankine cycle, the material's temperature resistance and pressure resistance abilities and safety concerns limit the parameters of the cycle's working medium. Therefore, there is a big temperature difference between the working medium and the heat source, which leads to big irreversible loss and low efficiency.
- Humans need new basic theory of thermal science to use fuel or other high temperature thermal energy simply, actively, efficiently for achieving refrigeration, heating or power. In the basic theory system of thermal science, thermodynamic cycles are the theoretical basis of thermal energy utilization devices, and the core of energy utilization systems. The establishment, development and application of thermodynamic cycles will play an important role in the rapid development of energy utilization and will promote actively for social progress and productivity development.
- Based on the principles of simple, active and efficient utilization of temperature difference, aiming at the power generation application of high temperature heat sources or variable temperature heat sources, and striving to provide theoretical support for the simplification and high efficiency of thermo-power systems, the present invention proposes a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle.
- The single working-medium vapor combined cycle and the vapor power device for combined cycle are mainly provided in the present invention, and the specific content of the present invention is as follows:
- 1. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of eight processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (4) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (7) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, wherein M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.
- 2. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of eleven processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (4) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (8) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (9) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, wherein M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.
- 3. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of eleven processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (a) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (4) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M3 kg of working medium performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (7) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, wherein M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.
- 4. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fourteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (a) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (4) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (8) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (9) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, wherein M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.
- 5. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of nine processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (4) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (8) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, wherein M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.
- 6. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of twelve processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (4) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (8) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (9) to (c) of a M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (c) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, wherein M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.
- 7. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of twelve processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (a) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (4) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (8) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, wherein M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.
- 8. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fifteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (a) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (4) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (4) to (5) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (8) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (9) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (c) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, wherein M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.
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FIG. 1 is a type 1 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention. -
FIG. 2 is atype 2 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention. -
FIG. 3 is atype 3 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention. -
FIG. 4 is atype 4 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention. -
FIG. 5 is atype 5 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention. -
FIG. 6 is atype 6 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention. -
FIG. 7 is atype 7 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention. -
FIG. 8 is atype 8 example general flow chart of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle provided in the present invention. - The first thing to note is that, when describing the cycle's structures and processes, the processes will not be repeatedly described if not necessary, and the obvious processes will not be described. In each of the following examples, M3 is a sum of M1 and M2. The detailed description of the present invention is as follows:
- The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 1 works as follows: - (1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.
- The working medium conducts eight processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7-4 of M2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the M3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-6 of the M3 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the M3 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 7-1 of the M1 kg of working medium.
- (2) From the perspective of energy conversion.
- {circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of the M3 kg of working medium. The relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by the heat-releasing process 6-7 of the M3 kg of working medium (regeneration), or by both.
- {circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by the M3 kg of working medium in process 6-7 can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially or completely; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). The heat released by the M1 kg of working medium in process 7-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
- {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump. The pressurization process 7-4 of the M2 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor. The depressurization (and expansion) process 3-4 of the M1 kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 5-6 of the M3 kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 2 works as follows: - (1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.
- The working medium conducts eleven processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-4 of M2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the M3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-8 of the X kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 5-6 of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-7 of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 7-8 of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of the M3 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 9-1 of the M1 kg of working medium.
- (2) From the perspective of energy conversion.
- {circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the M3 kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of the (M3−X) kg of working medium. The relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by the heat-releasing process 7-8 of the (M3−X) kg of working medium and the heat-releasing process 8-9 of the M3 kg of working medium (regeneration), or by both.
- {circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by the (M3−X) kg of working medium in process 7-8 and the heat released by the M3 kg of working medium in process 8-9 can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially or completely; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). The heat released by the M1 kg of working medium in process 9-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
- {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of M1 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump. The pressurization process 9-4 of M2 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor. The depressurization process 3-4 of M1 kg of working medium, the depressurization process 5-8 of X kg of working medium and the depressurization process 6-7 of (M3−X) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 3 works as follows: - (1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.
- The working medium conducts eleven processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process 2-b of the M1 kg of working medium and the M kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process b-3 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7-a of the M2 kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process a-b of the M1 kg of working medium and the M kg of working medium, a pressurization process a-4 of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the M3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-6 of M3 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the M3 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 7-1 of the M1 kg of working medium.
- (2) From the perspective of energy conversion.
- {circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the mixing heat released by the M kg of working medium is absorbed by the process 2-b of the M1 kg of working medium. For the process b-3 of the M1 kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of the M3 kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by the heat-releasing process 6-7 of M3 the kg of working medium (regeneration), or by both.
- {circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by the M3 kg of working medium in process 6-7 can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially or completely; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). The heat released by the M1 kg of working medium in process 7-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
- {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump. The pressurization process 7-a of the M2 kg of working medium and the pressurization process a-4 of the (M2−M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by a compressor. The depressurization process 3-4 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, the depressurization process 5-6 of the M3 kg of working medium is usually achieved by expander. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 4 works as follows: - (1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.
- The working medium conducts eleven processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process 2-b of the M1 kg of working medium and the M kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process b-3 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-a of the M2 kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process a-b of the M1 kg of working medium and the M kg of working medium, a pressurization process a-4 of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the M3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-8 of the X kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 5-6 of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-7 of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 7-8 of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of the M3 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 9-1 of the M1 kg of working medium.
- (2) From the perspective of energy conversion.
- {circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the mixing heat released by the M kg of working medium is absorbed by the process 2-b of the M1 kg of working medium. For the process b-3 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the M3 kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by the combination of heat-releasing process 7-8 of the (M3−X) kg of working medium and heat-releasing process 8-9 of the M3 kg of working medium (regeneration), or by both.
- {circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by the (M3−X) kg of working medium in process 7-8 and the heat released by the M3 kg of working medium in process 8-9 can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). The heat released by the M1 kg of working medium in 9-1 process is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
- {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump. The pressurization process 9-a of the M2 kg of working medium an the pressurization process a-4 of the (M2−M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors. The depressurization process 3-4 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, the depressurization process 5-8 of the X kg of working medium and the depressurization process 6-7 of the (M3−X) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 5 works as follows: - (1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.
- The working medium conducts nine processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7-4 of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the M3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-6 of the M3 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the M3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-8 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 8-1 of the M1 kg of working medium.
- (2) From the perspective of energy conversion.
- {circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: for the process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of the M3 kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by the combination of heat-releasing process 6-7 of the M3 kg of working medium, or by both.
- {circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by the M3 kg of working medium in process 6-7 can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). The heat released by the M1 kg of working medium in process 8-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
- {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump. The pressurization process 7-4 of the M2 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor. The depressurization process 3-4 of the M1 kg of working medium, the depressurization process 5-6 of the M3 kg of working medium and the depressurization process 7-8 of the M1 kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 6 works as follows: - (1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.
- The working medium conducts twelve processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of the M1 kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-4 of the M2 kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the M3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-8 of the X kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 5-6 of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-7 of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 7-8 of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of the M3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 9-c of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process c-1 of the M1 kg of working medium.
- (2) From the perspective of energy conversion.
- {circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes: the process 2-3 of the M1 kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the M3 kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of the (M3−X) kg of working medium. The relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by the combination of heat-releasing process 7-8 of the (M3−X) kg of working medium and heat-releasing process 8-9 of the M3 kg of working medium (regeneration), or by both.
- {circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by the (M3−X) kg of working medium in process 7-8 and the heat released by the M3 kg of working medium in process 8-9 can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). The heat released by the M1 kg of working medium in process c-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
- {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump. The pressurization process 9-4 of the M2 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a compressor. The depressurization process 3-4 of the M1 kg of working medium, the depressurization process 5-8 of the X kg of working medium and the depressurization process 6-7 of the (M3−X) kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 7 works as follows: - (1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes.
- The working medium conducts twelve processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process 2-b of the M1 kg of working medium and the M kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process b-3 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 7-a of the M2 kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process a-b of the M1 kg of working medium and the M kg of working medium, a pressurization process a-4 of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the M3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-6 of the M3 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 6-7 of the M3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 7-8 of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process 8-1 of M1 kg of working medium.
- (2) From the perspective of energy conversion.
- {circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes. The heat to be absorbed by the M1 kg of working medium in process 2-b is released by the M kg of superheated vapor during the mixing process. As for the process b-3 of the M1 kg of working medium and the process 4-5 of the M1 kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by the heat-releasing process 6-7 of the M3 kg of working medium (regeneration), or by both.
- {circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by the M3 kg of working medium in process 6-7 can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially or completely; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). The heat released by the M1 kg of working medium in process 8-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
- {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump. The pressurization process 7-a of the M2 kg of working medium and the pressurization process a-4 of the (M2−M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors. The depressurization process 3-4 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium and the depressurization (and expansion) process 5-6 of the M3 kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- The T-s diagram of the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle in
FIG. 8 works as follows: - (1) From the perspective of the cycle's processes. The working medium conducts fifteen processes: a pressurization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process 2-b of the M1 kg of working medium and the M kg of working medium, a heat-absorption vaporization and superheating process b-3 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 3-4 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, a pressurization process 9-a of the M2 kg of working medium, a mixing heat-absorption process a-b of the M1 kg of working medium and the M kg of working medium, a pressurization process a-4 of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 4-5 of the M3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 5-8 of the X kg of working medium, a heat-absorption process 5-6 of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, a depressurization process 6-7 of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 7-8 of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, a heat-releasing process 8-9 of the M3 kg of working medium, a depressurization process 9-c of the M1 kg of working medium, a heat-releasing and condensation process c-1 of the M1 kg of working medium.
- (2) From the perspective of energy conversion. {circle around (1)} Heat absorption processes. The heat to be absorbed by the M1 kg of working medium in process 2-b is released by the M kg of superheated vapor during the mixing process. As for the process b-3 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, the process 4-5 of the M3 kg of working medium and the process 5-6 of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, the relatively high-temperature part of the absorbed heat is usually provided by an external heat source; the relatively low-temperature part of the absorbed heat can be provided by an external heat source, or by the heat-releasing process 7-8 of the (M3−X) kg of working medium and the heat-releasing process 8-9 of the M3 kg of working medium (regeneration), or by both.
- {circle around (2)} Heat-releasing processes. The heat released by the (M3−X) kg of working medium in process 7-8 and the M3 kg of working medium in process 8-9 can be sent externally to meet the corresponding heat demand, or used for the heat absorption demand of other processes in the combined cycle partially; the useless part is released to a low-temperature heat sink (such as the environment). The heat released by the M1 kg of working medium in process c-1 is usually released to the low-temperature heat sink, or be supplied to the heat user when cogeneration is applicable.
- {circle around (3)} Energy conversion processes. The pressurization process 1-2 of the M1 kg of working medium is usually achieved by a pump. The pressurization process 9-a of the M2 kg of working medium and the pressurization process a-4 of the (M2−M) kg of working medium are usually achieved by compressors. The depressurization process 3-4 of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, the depressurization process 5-8 of the X kg of working medium, the depressurization process 6-7 of the (M3−X) kg of working medium and the depressurization process 9-c of the M1 kg of working medium are usually achieved by expanders. The total expansion work output is greater than the total pressurization work input; therefore, thermal energy is converted into power (the cycle's net work), and the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle is completed.
- The Technical Effects of the Present Invention Invention:
- The single-working-medium vapor combined cycle proposed by the present invention has the following effects and advantages:
- (1) A basic theory of thermal energy (temperature difference) utilization has been created.
- (2) The present invention greatly reduces the amount of heat absorbed in the phase-change region, and correspondingly increases the amount of heat absorbed in the high-temperature region or the variable temperature region. Therefore, the single-working-medium vapor combined cycle can achieve high efficiency.
- (3) The present invention possesses simple methods, reasonable processes and good applicability. It is a common technology to realize the effective utilization of temperature differences.
- (4) The present invention only uses a single working medium, which is easy to produce and store; The present invention can also reduce the operation cost and improve the flexibility of cycle regulation.
- (5) The processes in the present invention are shared and reduced, which provides a theoretical basis for reducing equipment investment.
- (6) In the high temperature region or the variable temperature region, both the cycle's working medium and the heat source medium conduct variable-temperature processes; therefore, the temperature difference loss is reduced and the efficiency is improved.
- (7) The present invention adopts the low-pressure and high-temperature operation mode in the high-temperature region; therefore, the contradiction among thermal efficiency, the working medium's parameters and the material's temperature resistance and pressure resistance abilities, which is common in traditional vapor power devices, can be resolved.
- (8) Under the precondition of achieving a high thermal efficiency, the vapor power device provided in the present invention can operate at a low pressure. The present invention provides theoretical support for improving the safety of device operation.
- (9) The present invention possesses a wide range of applicable working media. The present invention can match energy supply with demand well. It is flexible to match the working medium and the working parameters.
- (10) The present invention expands the range of thermodynamic cycles for temperature difference utilization, and contributes to a higher-efficiency power generation of high-temperature heat sources and variable-temperature heat sources.
Claims (8)
1. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of eight processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (4) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (7) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, wherein M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.
2. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of eleven processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (4) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (8) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (9) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, wherein M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.
3. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of eleven processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (a) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (4) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M3 kg of working medium performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (7) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, wherein M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.
4. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fourteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (a) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (4) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (8) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (9) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, wherein M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.
5. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of nine processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (4) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (7) to (8) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (8) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, wherein M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.
6. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of twelve processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set the state (2) to (3) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (4) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (8) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (9) to (c) of a M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (c) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, wherein M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.
7. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of twelve processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (7) to (a) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (4) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (4) to (5) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (5) to (6) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (6) to (7) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (7) to (8) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (8) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, wherein M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.
8. A single-working-medium vapor combined cycle method consisting of fifteen processes which are conducted with M1 kg of working medium and M2 kg of working medium separately or jointly: performing a pressurization process to set a state (1) to (2) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (2) to (b) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption and vaporization process to set a state (b) to (3) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (3) to (4) of the (M1+M) kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (9) to (a) of the M2 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set a state (a) to (b) of the M kg of working medium, performing a pressurization process to set a state (a) to (4) of the (M2−M) kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set the state (4) to (5) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (5) to (8) of the X kg of working medium, performing a heat-absorption process to set a state (5) to (6) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set the state (6) to (7) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set the state (7) to (8) of the (M3−X) kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing process to set a state (8) to (9) of the M3 kg of working medium, performing a depressurization process to set a state (9) to (c) of the M1 kg of working medium, performing a heat-releasing and condensation process to set the state (c) to (1) of the M1 kg of working medium, wherein M3 is a sum of M1 and M2.
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- 2020-04-17 CN CN202010330023.4A patent/CN111608756A/en active Pending
- 2020-04-20 WO PCT/CN2020/000078 patent/WO2020215814A1/en active Application Filing
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