WO2020241144A1 - エネルギ移動回路、及び蓄電システム - Google Patents

エネルギ移動回路、及び蓄電システム Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020241144A1
WO2020241144A1 PCT/JP2020/017888 JP2020017888W WO2020241144A1 WO 2020241144 A1 WO2020241144 A1 WO 2020241144A1 JP 2020017888 W JP2020017888 W JP 2020017888W WO 2020241144 A1 WO2020241144 A1 WO 2020241144A1
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Prior art keywords
clamp
state
switch
inductor
cell
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PCT/JP2020/017888
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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倉貫　正明
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Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
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Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202080037345.8A priority Critical patent/CN113875068B/zh
Priority to EP20813002.1A priority patent/EP3979391B1/en
Priority to US17/611,211 priority patent/US12051921B2/en
Priority to JP2021522722A priority patent/JP7474994B2/ja
Publication of WO2020241144A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020241144A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/50—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/52—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially for charge balancing, e.g. equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/56—Active balancing, e.g. using capacitor-based, inductor-based or DC-DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/509—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the type of connection, e.g. mixed connections
    • H01M50/51—Connection only in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/50—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/52—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially for charge balancing, e.g. equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/54—Passive balancing, e.g. using resistors or parallel MOSFETs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an energy transfer circuit that transfers energy between a plurality of cells or modules connected in series, and a power storage system.
  • secondary batteries such as lithium-ion batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries have been used for various purposes.
  • in-vehicle including electric bicycles
  • peak shifts and backups aimed at supplying power to EV (Electric Vehicle), HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle), and PHV (Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle) driving motors.
  • EV Electric Vehicle
  • HEV Hybrid Electric Vehicle
  • PHV Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle
  • FR Frequency Regulation
  • an equalization process for equalizing the capacity among a plurality of cells connected in series is executed from the viewpoint of maintaining power efficiency and ensuring safety.
  • a discharge resistor is connected to each of a plurality of cells connected in series, and the other cell is discharged so as to match the voltage of the other cell with the voltage of the cell having the lowest voltage.
  • the active method is a method in which the capacities among a plurality of cells are made uniform by transferring energy between a plurality of cells connected in series. The active method has less power loss and can reduce the amount of heat generated, but at present, the passive method with a simple circuit configuration and low cost is the mainstream.
  • an active equalization circuit there is a configuration in which an inductor is connected between the midpoint of two cells and the midpoint of two switches connected in parallel to the two cells (see, for example, Patent Document 1). ).
  • the above circuit configuration is a circuit for performing energy transfer between two adjacent cells, but when three or more cells are connected in series so that energy can be transferred between any two cells, the circuit is used.
  • the configuration becomes complicated. It is necessary to provide a cell selection circuit capable of arbitrarily selecting one of a plurality of cells, or to arrange a plurality of the above circuit configurations in series and transfer energy in a bucket relay manner. In the former case, the number of wires and switches for forming the cell selection circuit increases. In the latter case, the number of inductors increases according to the number of cells in series.
  • an external short circuit of the cell or overvoltage of the switch may occur due to variations in the on / off timings of the corresponding plurality of switches.
  • a control that inserts a period in which a current flows through the body diode of the switch is considered between the transition from the excited state of the inductor to the active clamp state and the transition from the active clamp state to the demagnetized state. Be done.
  • the present disclosure has been made in view of such a situation, and an object thereof is to provide a technique for realizing a reliable and safe energy transfer circuit using an inductor.
  • the energy transfer circuit of the present disclosure is provided between the inductor, n (n is an integer of 2 or more) cells connected in series with the inductor, and the inductor.
  • a cell selection circuit capable of conducting both ends of a selection cell consisting of any one of the cells or a plurality of cells connected in series, both ends of the inductor, and the cell selection circuit select any cell.
  • a clamp circuit having a clamp switch for forming a closed loop including the inductor and a control unit for controlling the cell selection circuit and the clamp circuit are provided.
  • the first wiring connected to one end of the inductor, the second wiring connected to the other end of the inductor, and one of both ends of the selection cell are selectively connected to the first wiring.
  • the clamp switch is formed by connecting two switching elements having diodes connected / formed in parallel with the diodes in opposite directions in series, and the first wiring side switches are connected / formed in parallel, respectively.
  • a switching element having a diode is formed by connecting two in series with the diode in the opposite direction, and in the second wiring side switch, a switching element having a diode connected / formed in parallel respectively reverses the diode. It is formed by connecting two in series with the orientation facing each other.
  • the control unit is the first wiring side switch connected to the nodes on both sides of the discharge cell so that a current flows from the discharge cell, which is the selected cell to be discharged among the n cells, to the inductor.
  • An inductor that controls the conduction state of the second wiring side switch and the clamp switch to form a discharge path in which both ends of the inductor are connected to the nodes on both sides of the discharge cell, and increases the current flowing through the inductor.
  • the conduction state of the first wiring side switch, the second wiring side switch, and the clamp switch connected to the nodes on both sides of the discharge cell so that the clamp current flows between both ends of the inductor.
  • the conduction state of the first wiring side switch, the second wiring side switch, and the clamp switch connected to the nodes on both sides of the charging cell so that the current flows from the inductor to the charging cell which is the selection cell. It controls to generate a charging path in which both ends of the inductor are connected to the nodes on both sides of the charging cell, and controls in the order of the inductor current decreasing state in which the current flowing through the inductor is reduced.
  • the clamp state is a first clamp state in which at least one of the plurality of switching elements forming the clamp path is turned off and a clamp current is passed through a diode parallel to the switching element. It has a second clamp state in which the switching elements in the off state are turned on and all of the plurality of switching elements are turned on.
  • the control unit forms the clamp switch after turning on all of the plurality of switching elements forming the discharge path in the inductor current increasing state and before switching to the next first clamp state. A part of the switching elements of the above is turned on to generate the clamp path in the first clamp state.
  • FIG. 2 (a)-(h) is a circuit diagram for explaining a basic operation sequence example of the equalization processing of the power storage system according to the embodiment.
  • 3 (a)-(c) are diagrams for explaining a specific example of the equalization processing of the power storage system according to the embodiment.
  • 4 (a)-(b) are diagrams showing an example of a circuit configuration when the first switch is composed of two N-channel MOSFETs. It is a figure which shows the circuit configuration example when the bidirectional switch shown in the configuration example of FIG. 4A is used for the switch of the power storage system which concerns on Example.
  • FIGS. 6 (a)-(b) are diagrams in which the path used for energy transfer between the two cells is extracted in the circuit configuration example of the power storage system shown in FIG. 7 (a)-(b) shows a switch whose on / off state does not change during energy transfer between two cells in the circuit configuration example of the power storage system shown in FIGS. 6 (a)-(b). The figure is omitted.
  • 8 (a) is a diagram in which the circuit configuration example of the power storage system shown in FIG. 7 (a) is arranged and drawn for a unified explanation
  • FIG. 8 (b) is a diagram shown in FIG. 8 (a). It is a figure which showed the variation of.
  • FIG. 9 (a)-(e) are diagrams showing circuit states in the control according to the comparative example of the power storage system shown in FIG. 8 (a) (No. 1).
  • 10 (a)-(e) are diagrams showing circuit states in the control according to the comparative example of the power storage system shown in FIG. 8 (a) (No. 2). It is a figure which shows the switching pattern of 8 switching elements, the transition of the voltage across the inductor, and the current of an inductor in the control which concerns on the comparative example of the power storage system shown in FIG. 8A.
  • 12 (a)-(c) are diagrams showing circuit states in the control according to the embodiment of the power storage system shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 8A It is a figure which shows the switching pattern of 8 switching elements, the transition of the voltage across the inductor, and the current of an inductor in the control which concerns on embodiment of the power storage system shown in FIG. 8A. It is a figure which shows the structure of the power storage system which concerns on another Example. It is a figure which shows the structure of the power storage system which concerns on still another Example.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a power storage system 1 according to an embodiment.
  • the power storage system 1 includes a equalization circuit 10 and a power storage unit 20.
  • the power storage unit 20 includes n (n is an integer of 2 or more) cells connected in series.
  • FIG. 1 depicts an example in which four cells C1-C4 are connected in series. The number of cells connected in series varies according to the voltage specifications required for the power storage system 1.
  • a chargeable and dischargeable power storage element such as a lithium ion battery cell, a nickel hydrogen battery cell, a lead battery cell, an electric double layer capacitor cell, or a lithium ion capacitor cell can be used.
  • a lithium ion battery cell nominal voltage: 3.6-3.7 V
  • the equalization circuit 10 includes a voltage detection unit 14, a cell selection circuit 11, an energy holding circuit 12, and a control unit 13.
  • the voltage detection unit 14 detects each voltage of n (4 in FIG. 1) cells connected in series. Specifically, the voltage detection unit 14 is connected to each node of n cells connected in series by (n + 1) voltage lines, and detects the voltage between two adjacent voltage lines, respectively. , Detect the voltage of each cell.
  • the voltage detection unit 14 can be configured by, for example, a general-purpose analog front-end IC or an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit). The voltage detection unit 14 converts the detected voltage of each cell into a digital value and outputs it to the control unit 13.
  • the cell selection circuit 11 is provided between the n cells connected in series and the inductor L1 included in the energy holding circuit 12, both ends of the cell selected from the n cells, and the inductor L1. It is a circuit that can conduct both ends.
  • the cell selection circuit 11 includes a first wiring W1 connected to the first end of the inductor L1, a second wiring W2 connected to the second end of the inductor L1, a plurality of first wiring side switches, and at least one first wire. It has two wiring side switches.
  • the plurality of first wiring side switches are connected between the odd-numbered nodes and the first wiring W1 among the nodes (n + 1) of the n cells connected in series. At least one second wiring side switch is connected between the even node and the second wiring W2 in each node (n + 1) of n cells connected in series.
  • n 4
  • the number of nodes 5
  • the cell selection circuit 11 has three first wiring side switches and two second wiring side switches.
  • the first switch S1, the fifth switch S5, and the ninth switch S9 are the first wiring side switches
  • the fourth switch S4 and the eighth switch S8 are the second wiring side switches.
  • the energy holding circuit 12 (also referred to as a clamp circuit) includes an inductor L1, a first clamp switch Sc1, a second clamp switch Sc2, a third clamp switch Sc3, and a fourth clamp switch Sc4.
  • the first clamp switch Sc1, the second clamp switch Sc2, the third clamp switch Sc3, and the fourth clamp switch Sc4 form a full bridge circuit.
  • the first arm in which the first clamp switch Sc1 and the second clamp switch Sc2 are connected in series, and the second arm in which the third clamp switch Sc3 and the fourth clamp switch Sc4 are connected in series are the first arm. It is connected in parallel between the 1st wiring W1 and the 2nd wiring W2.
  • the inductor L1 is connected between the node between the first clamp switch Sc1 and the second clamp switch Sc2 and the node between the third clamp switch Sc3 and the fourth clamp switch Sc4.
  • the first clamp switch Sc1-the fourth clamp switch Sc4 can conduct both ends of the inductor L1 in the energy holding circuit 12. Specifically, in a state where the cell selection circuit 11 does not select any cell, the first clamp switch Sc1 and the third clamp switch Sc3 are in a conductive state, and the second clamp switch Sc2 and the fourth clamp switch Sc4 are non-conducting. By controlling the first clamp switch Sc1 and the third clamp switch Sc3 in a non-conducting state and the second clamp switch Sc2 and the fourth clamp switch Sc4 in a conductive state, the inductor L1 is included in the energy holding circuit 12. A closed loop can be formed.
  • the first clamp switch Sc1-fourth clamp switch Sc4 can switch the direction of the current flowing through the inductor L1. Specifically, in a state where the cell selection circuit 11 selects any cell, the first clamp switch Sc1 and the fourth clamp switch Sc4 are in a conductive state, and the second clamp switch Sc2 and the third clamp switch Sc3 are not. The direction of the current flowing through the inductor L1 depending on whether the first clamp switch Sc1 and the fourth clamp switch Sc4 are controlled to be in a conductive state or the second clamp switch Sc2 and the third clamp switch Sc3 are controlled to be in a conductive state. Can be switched.
  • the control unit 13 executes an equalization process between the n cells connected in series based on the voltage of the n cells detected by the voltage detection unit 14.
  • the control unit 13 can be configured by, for example, a microcomputer.
  • the control unit 13 and the voltage detection unit 14 may be integrated into one chip.
  • control unit 13 executes equalization processing between n cells connected in series by the active cell balance method.
  • energy is transferred from one cell (cell to be discharged) to another cell (cell to be charged) between n cells connected in series. Equalize the capacity of one cell and another. By repeating this energy transfer, the capacitance between n cells connected in series is equalized.
  • the control unit 13 controls the first clamp switch Sc1 and the fourth clamp switch Sc4 in a conductive state and the second clamp switch Sc2 and the third clamp switch Sc3 in a non-conducting state, or the first clamp switch Sc1 and the fourth clamp.
  • the switch Sc4 is controlled to be in a non-conducting state
  • the second clamp switch Sc2 and the third clamp switch Sc3 are controlled to be in a conductive state
  • the cell selection circuit 11 is controlled to control both ends of the cell to be discharged and the inductor in the n cells. Both ends of L1 are made conductive for a predetermined time to generate a discharge path.
  • the control unit 13 controls the cell selection circuit 11 to electrically cut off the n cells and the inductor L1, and keeps the first clamp switch Sc1 and the third clamp switch Sc3 conductive and the second clamp switch Sc2.
  • the fourth clamp switch Sc4 is in a non-conducting state, or the first clamp switch Sc1 and the third clamp switch Sc3 are in a non-conducting state, and the second clamp switch Sc2 and the fourth clamp switch Sc4 are in a conductive state to generate a clamp path.
  • a circulating current flows through the closed loop, and the inductor current is actively clamped in the energy holding circuit 12.
  • the control unit 13 controls the first clamp switch Sc1 and the fourth clamp switch Sc4 in the conductive state and the second clamp switch Sc2 and the third clamp switch Sc3 in the non-conducting state, or the first clamp switch Sc1 and the fourth.
  • the clamp switch Sc4 is controlled to be in a non-conducting state
  • the second clamp switch Sc2 and the third clamp switch Sc3 are controlled to be in a conductive state
  • the cell selection circuit 11 is controlled to control both ends of the cell to be charged among the n cells. Both ends of the inductor L1 are made conductive for a predetermined time to generate a charging path.
  • FIG. 2A is a circuit diagram for explaining a basic operation sequence example of the equalization processing of the power storage system 1 according to the embodiment.
  • the number of cells in series is set to 2 in order to simplify the explanation.
  • the control unit 13 controls the first switch S1, the first clamp switch Sc1, the fourth clamp switch Sc4, and the fourth switch S4 in a conductive state, and the fifth switch S5,
  • the second clamp switch Sc2 and the third clamp switch Sc3 are controlled to be in a non-conducting state to generate a discharge path.
  • a current flows from the first cell C1 to the inductor L1, and the energy discharged from the first cell C1 is stored in the inductor L1.
  • the control unit 13 controls the second clamp switch Sc2 and the fourth clamp switch Sc4 to be in a conductive state, and the first switch S1, the fourth switch S4, and the fifth switch S5,
  • the first clamp switch Sc1 and the third clamp switch Sc3 are controlled to be in a non-conducting state to generate a clamp path.
  • the energy stored in the inductor L1 flows in the closed loop as an inductor current and is actively clamped.
  • the control unit 13 controls the fourth clamp switch Sc4, the fourth switch S4, the fifth switch S5, and the first clamp switch Sc1 in a conductive state, and the first switch S1 is
  • the second clamp switch Sc2 and the third clamp switch Sc3 are controlled to be in a non-conducting state to generate a charging path.
  • the inductor current actively clamped in the closed loop flows to the second cell C2, and the second cell C2 is charged.
  • the control unit 13 controls the first switch S1, the fourth switch S4, the fifth switch S5, and the first clamp switch Sc1-fourth clamp switch Sc4 in a non-conducting state.
  • This state is a state in which the energy transfer from the first cell C1 to the second cell C2 is completed. If the process is completed up to this point, the mode in which the current of the inductor L1 is not inverted (mode in which the current is not commutated) will be described.
  • the fourth state shown in FIG. 2 (d) is omitted, and from FIG. 2 (c), At the moment of commutation, the current of the inductor L1 becomes 0, and the current of the inductor L1 is inverted to reach FIG. 2 (e).
  • the control unit 13 controls the fourth switch S4, the second clamp switch Sc2, the third clamp switch Sc3, and the fifth switch S5 in a conductive state, and the first switch S1 and The first clamp switch Sc1 and the fourth clamp switch Sc4 are controlled to be in a non-conducting state to generate a discharge path.
  • a current flows from the second cell C2 to the inductor L1, and the energy discharged from the second cell C2 is stored in the inductor L1.
  • the control unit 13 controls the first clamp switch Sc1 and the third clamp switch Sc3 to be in a conductive state, and the first switch S1, the fourth switch S4, and the fifth switch S5,
  • the second clamp switch Sc2 and the third clamp switch Sc3 are controlled to be in a non-conducting state to generate a clamp path.
  • the energy stored in the inductor L1 flows in the closed loop as an inductor current and is actively clamped.
  • the control unit 13 controls the third clamp switch Sc3, the first switch S1, the fourth switch S4, and the second clamp switch Sc2 to be in a conductive state, and the fifth switch S5,
  • the first clamp switch Sc1 and the fourth clamp switch Sc4 are controlled to be in a non-conducting state to generate a charging path.
  • the inductor current actively clamped in the closed loop flows to the first cell C1, and the first cell C1 is charged.
  • the control unit 13 controls the first switch S1, the fourth switch S4, the fifth switch S5, and the first clamp switch Sc1-fourth clamp switch Sc4 in a non-conducting state. To do.
  • This state is a state in which the energy transfer from the second cell C2 to the first cell C1 is completed.
  • the inductor current is actively clamped in the closed loop to ensure the continuity of the inductor current, so that the cell selection circuit 11 can be switched safely and reliably.
  • FIG. 3 (a)-(c) are diagrams for explaining a specific example of the equalization processing of the power storage system 1 according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 3A is a diagram schematically showing the voltage state of the first cell C1 to the fourth cell C4 before the start of the equalization process.
  • the control unit 13 calculates the average value of the voltages of the first cell C1 to the fourth cell C4 detected by the voltage detection unit 14, and sets the calculated average value as the equalization target voltage (hereinafter, simply referred to as the target voltage). To do.
  • the control unit 13 transfers energy from a cell having a voltage higher than the target voltage to a cell having a voltage lower than the target voltage. For example, from the cell having the highest voltage among the cells having a voltage higher than the target voltage (first cell C1 in FIG. 3A) to the cell having the lowest voltage among the cells having a voltage lower than the target voltage (FIG. 3 (a)). In a), energy is transferred to the fourth cell C4).
  • the control unit 13 transfers energy within a range in which the voltage of the source cell (cell to be discharged) is equal to or higher than the target voltage and the voltage of the destination cell (cell to be charged) is equal to or lower than the target voltage. Determine the amount.
  • the control unit 13 determines the discharge time of the source cell and the charge time of the destination cell based on the determined energy transfer amount and the discharge current and charge current based on the design. Assuming that the amount of energy consumed while being actively clamped to the energy holding circuit 12 is negligible, the discharge time of the source cell and the charge time of the destination cell are basically the same.
  • FIG. 3B shows a state in which energy transfer from the first cell C1 which is the movement source cell to the fourth cell C4 which is the movement destination cell is completed.
  • the control unit 13 executes the above-described process again. Specifically, the cell having the highest voltage among the cells having a voltage higher than the target voltage (the third cell C3 in FIG. 3B) to the cell having the lowest voltage among the cells having a voltage lower than the target voltage (cells having a voltage lower than the target voltage). In FIG. 3B, the energy is transferred to the second cell C2).
  • FIG. 3C shows a state in which energy transfer from the movement source cell, the third cell C3, to the movement destination cell, the second cell C2, is completed. As described above, the equalization processing of the first cell C1 to the fourth cell C4 connected in series is completed.
  • the control unit 13 equalizes the voltages of the two cells by transferring energy from the cell having the highest voltage to the cell having the lowest voltage among the voltages of the plurality of cells connected in series. The control unit 13 repeatedly executes this process until the voltages of the plurality of cells connected in series are all equalized.
  • the example of using the voltage as the equalization target value has been described, but the actual capacity, the dischargeable capacity or the rechargeable capacity may be used instead of the voltage.
  • the plurality of switches included in the cell selection circuit 11 and the four clamp switches included in the energy holding circuit 12 are equipped with MOSFETs (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors) having a relatively high switching speed and a relatively low cost. It is effective to use.
  • MOSFETs Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors
  • a parasitic diode body diode
  • FIG. 4 (a)-(b) are diagrams showing an example of a circuit configuration when the first switch S1 is composed of two N-channel MOSFETs.
  • FIG. 4A shows an example in which the source terminals of the two N-channel MOSFETs are connected to each other to form a bidirectional switch. In this case, since the anodes of the two body diodes in series face each other, current is prevented from flowing through the body diodes between both ends of the bidirectional switch.
  • FIG. 4B shows an example in which the drain terminals of two N-channel MOSFETs are connected to each other to form a bidirectional switch.
  • the cathodes of the two body diodes in series face each other, the current is prevented from flowing through the body diodes between both ends of the bidirectional switch.
  • the configuration example of FIG. 4A is the power supply circuit (DC / DC converter) of the gate driver of the two N-channel MOSFETs.
  • DC / DC converter the power supply circuit
  • the power supply circuit (DC / DC converter) that supplies the power supply voltage to the two gate drivers can also be shared.
  • the cost and the circuit area can be reduced.
  • the configuration example of FIG. 4B since the source potentials of the two N-channel MOSFETs cannot be shared, it is necessary to separately provide a power supply circuit (DC / DC converter) for supplying the power supply voltage to the two gate drivers. is there.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration example when the bidirectional switch shown in the configuration example of FIG. 4A is used for the switch of the power storage system 1 according to the embodiment.
  • the first switch S1, the fourth switch S4, the fifth switch S5, the eighth switch S8, the ninth switch S9, the first clamp switch Sc1, the second clamp switch Sc2, the third clamp switch Sc3, and the fourth clamp The bidirectional switch shown in the configuration example of FIG. 4A is used for each of the switches Sc4.
  • FIG. 6 (a)-(b) are diagrams in which the path used for energy transfer between the two cells is extracted in the circuit configuration example of the power storage system 1 shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 6A is a diagram showing a path used for energy transfer between the first cell C1 and the second cell C2. In the energy transfer between the first cell C1 and the second cell C2, the path passing through the eighth switch S8 and the path passing through the ninth switch S9 are not used.
  • FIG. 6B is a diagram in which a path used for energy transfer between the first cell C1 and the fourth cell C4 is extracted. In the energy transfer between the first cell C1 and the fourth cell C4, the path through the fifth switch S5 is not used.
  • FIG. 7 (a)-(b) is a switch whose on / off state does not change during energy transfer between two cells in the circuit configuration example of the power storage system 1 shown in FIGS. 6 (a)-(b). It is a figure drawn by omitting.
  • FIG. 7A is a diagram in which a switch whose on / off state does not change during energy transfer between the first cell C1 and the second cell C2 is omitted.
  • the fourth switch S4 and the fourth clamp switch Sc4 are always on, so they are drawn as simple connections, and the third clamp switch Sc3 is always off. Therefore, the connection itself is omitted.
  • FIG. 7A is a diagram in which a switch whose on / off state does not change during energy transfer between the first cell C1 and the second cell C2 is omitted.
  • the fourth switch S4 and the fourth clamp switch Sc4 are always on, so they are drawn as simple connections, and the third clamp switch Sc3 is always off. Therefore, the connection itself is omitted.
  • FIG. 7B is a diagram in which a switch whose on / off state does not change during energy transfer between the first cell C1 and the fourth cell C4 is omitted.
  • the first switch S1, the fourth switch S4 and the second clamp switch Sc2 are turned on, and the eighth switch S8 and the eighth switch S8 are turned on.
  • 9 Turn off the switch S9 and the first clamp switch Sc1. In this state, since the current flows from the first cell C1 to the inductor L1, the energy moves from the first cell C1 to the inductor L1.
  • FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b) are described in the mode in which the current of the inductor L1 is not inverted (mode in which the current is not commutated), as shown in the description of FIG. Good.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 the operation assuming the commutation mode will be described.
  • FIG. 8A eight switching elements Q1-Q8 are used.
  • a pair of first switching elements in which a first switching element Q1 having a first body diode D1 and a second switching element Q2 having a second body diode D2 are connected in series in opposite directions to the positive electrode terminal of the upper cell Ca.
  • the groups are connected.
  • a pair of second switching elements in which a third switching element Q3 having a third body diode D3 and a fourth switching element Q4 having a fourth body diode D4 are connected in series in opposite directions to the negative electrode terminal of the lower cell Cb.
  • the element group is connected.
  • the negative electrode terminal of the upper cell Ca and the positive electrode terminal of the lower cell Cb are connected to the first end of the inductor L1.
  • a pair of third switching element groups in which a fifth switching element Q5 having a fifth body diode D5 and a sixth switching element Q6 having a sixth body diode D6 are connected in series in opposite directions between both ends of the inductor L1. Is connected.
  • a seventh switching element Q7 having a seventh body diode D7 and an eighth body diode D8 are provided between the second end of the inductor L1 and the connection point between the first switching element group and the second switching element group.
  • a pair of fourth switching elements in which the 8 switching elements Q8 are connected in series in opposite directions are connected.
  • the first switching element group composed of the first switching element Q1 and the second switching element Q2 corresponds to the first switch S1 in FIG. 7A.
  • the second switching element group composed of the third switching element Q3 and the fourth switching element Q4 corresponds to the fifth switch S5 in FIG. 7A.
  • the third switching element group composed of the fifth switching element Q5 and the sixth switching element Q6 corresponds to the second clamp switch Sc2 in FIG. 7A.
  • the fourth switching element group composed of the seventh switching element Q7 and the eighth switching element Q8 corresponds to the first clamp switch Sc1 in FIG. 7A.
  • the power storage system 1 shown in FIG. 8A configured as described above is controlled with 10 steps as one cycle.
  • Eight switching elements Q1-Q8 are also used in the circuit configuration example of the power storage system 1 shown in FIG. 8 (b).
  • the circuit configuration example shown in FIG. 8B is a parallel circuit of the inductor L1 and the third switching element group (fifth switching element Q5 and sixth switching element Q6) as compared with the circuit configuration example shown in FIG. 8A. And, the position of the 4th switching element group (7th switching element Q7 and 8th switching element Q8) is exchanged.
  • FIG. 9 (a)-(e) and 10 (a)-(e) show the current of the inductor L1 in the circuit state in the control of all 10 steps according to the comparative example of the power storage system 1 shown in FIG. 8 (a). It is two figures which correspond to IL (state transition of 10 steps in total).
  • FIG. 11 shows the switching patterns of the eight switching elements Q1-Q8, the transition of the voltage VL across the inductor L1, and the current of the inductor L1 in the control according to the comparative example of the power storage system 1 shown in FIG. 8A. It is a figure which shows IL.
  • the current IL of the inductor L1 is represented by a positive direction in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 9A and a negative direction in the opposite direction of the arrow.
  • the control unit 13 sets the first switching element Q1, the second switching element Q2, the fifth switching element Q5, the seventh switching element Q7, and the eighth switching element Q8. It is controlled to the on state, and the third switching element Q3, the fourth switching element Q4, and the sixth switching element Q6 are controlled to the off state. It is the preparation for the next clamping period that controls the fifth switching element Q5 in the ON state.
  • the control unit 13 maintains the switching pattern in the state (1).
  • a discharge current flows from the upper cell Ca to the inductor L1.
  • the control unit 13 turns off the first switching element Q1, the second switching element Q2, the seventh switching element Q7, and the eighth switching element Q8.
  • a current flows in the clamp path formed by the inductor L1 ⁇ the fifth switching element Q5 ⁇ the sixth body diode D6 ⁇ the inductor L1.
  • the control unit 13 turns off the fifth switching element Q5 and sets the third switching element Q3 and the eighth switching element Q8 in preparation for the next charging period. Turn on.
  • a current flows in the clamp path formed by the inductor L1 ⁇ the fifth switching element Q5 ⁇ the sixth switching element Q6 ⁇ the inductor L1.
  • the state (3) is provided in order to smoothly and safely transition from the discharged state to the clamped state.
  • the switching timing There is a possibility that an external short circuit may occur in the upper cell Ca, or a withstand voltage failure may occur in the first switching element Q1 or the eighth switching element Q8 due to the deviation.
  • the withstand voltage breakdown occurs in the eighth switching element Q8.
  • the sixth body diode D6 since the sixth body diode D6 conducts, it is possible to prevent an external short circuit of the cell and breakdown of the withstand voltage of the switching element.
  • the control unit 13 turns off the fifth switching element Q5 and the sixth switching element Q6.
  • the charging current flows through the path formed by the inductor L1 ⁇ the lower cell Cb ⁇ the third switching element Q3 ⁇ the fourth body diode D4 ⁇ the eighth switching element Q8 ⁇ the seventh body diode D7 ⁇ the inductor L1. ..
  • the control unit 13 turns on the fourth switching element Q4 and the seventh switching element Q7.
  • the charging current flows through the path formed by the inductor L1 ⁇ the lower cell Cb ⁇ the third switching element Q3 ⁇ the fourth switching element Q4 ⁇ the eighth switching element Q8 ⁇ the seventh switching element Q7 ⁇ the inductor L1. .. Comparing the path shown in FIG. 10 (a) with the path shown in FIG.
  • the current passes through the fourth body diode D4 and the seventh body diode D7, so that the forward direction of the fourth body diode D4 A total loss of 2 Vf corresponding to the voltage drop Vf and a loss corresponding to the forward voltage drop Vf of the 7th body diode D7 occur. Therefore, the state (5) is switched to the state (6) in order to reduce the energy loss.
  • the state (5) is provided in order to smoothly and safely transition from the clamped state to the charged state. For example, when the turn-off of the fifth switching element Q5 and the sixth switching element Q6 and the turn-on of the third switching element Q3, the fourth switching element Q4, the seventh switching element Q7, and the eighth switching element Q8 are executed at the same time, the switching timing There is a possibility that an external short circuit may occur in the lower cell Cb, or a withstand voltage failure may occur in the third switching element Q3 or the eighth switching element Q8 due to the deviation. On the other hand, in the state (5), since the fourth body diode D4 and the seventh body diode D7 are conductive, it is possible to prevent an external short circuit of the cell and breakdown of the withstand voltage of the switching element.
  • the control unit 13 turns on the sixth switching element Q6 in preparation for the next clamping period.
  • the control unit 13 turns off the third switching element Q3, the fourth switching element Q4, the seventh switching element Q7, and the eighth switching element Q8.
  • a current flows in the clamp path formed by the inductor L1 ⁇ the sixth switching element Q6 ⁇ the fifth body diode D5 ⁇ the inductor L1.
  • the control unit 13 turns on the fifth switching element Q5 and sets the second switching element Q2 and the seventh switching element Q7 in preparation for the next charging period. Turn on.
  • a current flows in the clamp path formed by the inductor L1 ⁇ the fifth switching element Q5 ⁇ the sixth switching element Q6 ⁇ the inductor L1.
  • the state (8) is provided in order to smoothly and safely transition from the discharged state to the clamped state. For example, when the turn-on of the 5th switching element Q5 and the 6th switching element Q6 and the turn-off of the 3rd switching element Q3, the 4th switching element Q4, the 7th switching element Q7 and the 8th switching element Q8 are executed at the same time, the switching timing There is a possibility that an external short circuit may occur in the lower cell Cb, or a withstand voltage failure may occur in the fourth switching element Q4 or the seventh switching element Q7 due to the deviation. On the other hand, in the state (8), since the sixth body diode D6 conducts, it is possible to prevent an external short circuit of the cell and breakdown of the withstand voltage of the switching element.
  • the control unit 13 turns off the fifth switching element Q5 and the sixth switching element Q6.
  • the charging current flows through the path formed by the inductor L1 ⁇ the seventh switching element Q7 ⁇ the eighth body diode D8 ⁇ the second switching element Q2 ⁇ the first body diode D1 ⁇ the upper cell Ca ⁇ the inductor L1.
  • the control unit 13 turns on the second switching element Q2 and the seventh switching element Q7, and sets the fifth switching element Q5 in preparation for the next clamping period.
  • the charging current flows through the path formed by the inductor L1 ⁇ the seventh switching element Q7 ⁇ the eighth switching element Q8 ⁇ the second switching element Q2 ⁇ the first switching element Q1 ⁇ the upper cell Ca ⁇ the inductor L1. Comparing the path shown in FIG. 9 (a) with the path shown in FIG.
  • the state (10) is provided in order to smoothly and safely transition from the clamped state to the charged state. For example, when the turn-off of the fifth switching element Q5 and the sixth switching element Q6 and the turn-on of the first switching element Q1, the second switching element Q2, the seventh switching element Q7, and the eighth switching element Q8 are executed at the same time, the switching timing There is a possibility that an external short circuit may occur in the upper cell Ca or a withstand voltage failure may occur in the first switching element Q1 or the eighth switching element Q8 due to the deviation. On the other hand, in the state (10), since the first body diode D1 and the eighth body diode D8 are conductive, it is possible to prevent an external short circuit of the cell and breakdown of the withstand voltage of the switching element.
  • the current of the inductor L1 changes with a positive slope during the period of state (10) ⁇ state (1) ⁇ state (2).
  • a circulating current flows through the inductor L1.
  • the energy stored in the inductor L1 is reduced by the loss corresponding to the forward voltage drop Vf of the body diode.
  • the energy stored in the inductor L1 is maintained.
  • VL Vb + 2Vf State (1)
  • VL Vb State (3)
  • the current change ⁇ IL of the inductor L1 in each state is as follows.
  • L is the inductance
  • (tn ⁇ t (n-1)) is the time to stay in the nth state.
  • each state is drawn at equal intervals in FIG. 11 for convenience, the time of each state can be set arbitrarily.
  • the clamp period (state (3), (4), (8), (9)) is the other period (state (1), (2), (5), (6), (7), (10). )) May be set shorter.
  • the period during which the current is flowing through the body diode may be set shorter than the period during which the current is not flowing through the body diode.
  • the period of state (3) may be set shorter than the period of state (4). In this case, the loss due to the current passing through the body diode can be further reduced.
  • the positive energy transfer amount of the cell to be discharged and the negative energy transfer amount of the cell to be charged are shown, and the negative energy transfer amount is shown with the current IL of the inductor L1 as a boundary of 0A. Since the negative energy transfer amount of the discharge target cell and the positive energy transfer amount of the charge target cell are shown in the side region, the discharge target cell and the charge target cell are equalized by appropriately setting the time of each state. The conversion process is executed.
  • an unintended spike voltage is generated when switching from the state (10) to the state (1), that is, when the voltage VL across the inductor L1 changes from Vb + 2Vf to Vb.
  • the voltage VL across the inductor L1 shown in FIG. 11 is a rewrite of the actual waveform obtained by the experiment into a schematic waveform, but spikes occur when switching from the state (10) to the state (1). This has been confirmed by experiments.
  • the MOSFET used for the switching element is an element whose on / off is controlled by the gate voltage, but when the drain-source voltage Vds changes abruptly (when dV / dt increases), the drain-gate junction Current flows through the capacity. This current may turn on the parasitic NPN transistor between the drain and source of the MOSFET, leading to element destruction of the MOSFET.
  • the noise generated by the spike voltage may invert the high / low of the drive signal supplied from the control unit 13 to the gate of the switching elements Q1-Q8, causing the equalization circuit 10 to malfunction.
  • a method of suppressing this spike voltage will be described.
  • FIGS. 9A to 12C show the switching pattern of 8 switching elements Q1-Q8 replaced by (a)-(c), the transition of the voltage VL across the inductor L1, and the current IL of the inductor L1.
  • the difference between FIGS. 9 (a)-(c) and 12 (a)-(c) is only the difference in the state of the fifth switching element Q5 in FIGS. 9 (b) and 12 (b).
  • the control unit 13 turns on the first switching element Q1, the second switching element Q2, the seventh switching element Q7, and the eighth switching element Q8.
  • the third switching element Q3, the fourth switching element Q4, the fifth switching element Q5, and the sixth switching element Q6 are controlled to the off state.
  • the control unit 13 turns on the fifth switching element Q5 in preparation for the next clamping period.
  • the other states (3)-(10) according to the embodiment are the states (3)-(10) according to the comparative examples shown in FIGS. 9 (d)-(e), 10 (a)-(e), and 9 (a). 3)-Same as (10).
  • the timing of turning on the fifth switching element Q5 is delayed in preparation for the next clamping period.
  • the spike voltage is not generated when the state (10) is switched to the state (1).
  • the voltage VL across the inductor L1 shown in FIG. 13 is obtained by rewriting the actual waveform obtained by the experiment into a schematic waveform, and is shown in FIG. 11 when switching from the state (10) to the state (1). Experiments have confirmed that spikes as shown do not occur.
  • the intention is to delay the turn-on timing of the fifth switching element Q5 constituting one side of the bidirectional switch used as the clamping switch. It is possible to suppress the occurrence of spikes that do not occur. As a result, a highly reliable and safe equalization circuit 10 can be realized.
  • FIGS. 6A-(b) show the energy transfer between the first cell C1 and the second cell C2 and the energy transfer between the first cell C1 and the fourth cell C4.
  • the above embodiment is applicable to general energy transfer between any two cells.
  • 6 (a)-(b) show the first wiring side switch and the second wiring side switch of the cell selection circuit 11 of the power storage system 1 shown in FIG. 1, and the first clamp switch Sc1-4 of the energy holding circuit 12. It corresponds to the configuration of the clamp switch Sc4, and each switch of the first wiring side switch, the second wiring side switch, and the first clamp switch Sc1-4th clamp switch Sc4 is composed of two switching elements. ..
  • the paths (discharge path and charge path) for energy transfer between the selected cell and the inductor L1 are a predetermined one first wiring side switch, a predetermined one second wiring side switch, and a first.
  • the clamp path for holding the energy stored in the inductor L1 is formed by two predetermined clamp switches of the first clamp switch Sc1-fourth clamp switch Sc4, that is, four switching elements.
  • the period for forming the discharge path consists of 2 to 4 switching elements located at the crossing positions of 4 clamp switches out of 8 switching elements, and a 1st wiring side switch and a 2nd wiring side switch. A total of eight switching elements, one to two switching elements, are controlled to be on.
  • the period for forming the charging path is the same as the period for forming the charging path, among the eight switching elements, the two to four switching elements constituting the clamp switch, the first wiring side switch, and the second wiring side switch. A total of eight switching elements, which are one to two switching elements constituting the above, are controlled to be turned on.
  • 2 to 4 switching elements among the 8 switching elements in the four clamp switches are controlled to be on.
  • the control unit 13 After the end of the discharge state, the control unit 13 turns off at least one of the four switching elements forming the clamp path and causes a clamp current to flow through the body diode of the switching element.
  • 1 clamp state states (3), (8) in the above embodiment
  • second clamp state states (3), (8) in which the switching element in the off state is turned on and all four switching elements are turned on (the above embodiment). Then, the state is switched in the order of (4) and (9)).
  • the control unit 13 After the end of the second clamp state, the control unit 13 turns off at least one of the eight switching elements forming the charging path and causes a charging current to flow through the body diode of the switching element.
  • the first charging state in the above embodiment, the states (5) and (10)
  • the second charging state in which the switching elements in the off state are turned on and all of the eight switching elements are turned on (the above implementation).
  • the state (6) and (1)) are switched in this order.
  • the two switching elements of the one switching element constituting the first wiring side switch or the second wiring side switch and the one switching element constituting the clamp switch are turned off. Although it is in the state, only one of the switching elements may be turned off. In this case, the safety of the switching element against breakdown voltage is reduced, but the loss is reduced.
  • the control unit 13 turns off two or four of the four switching elements forming the clamp path.
  • the pair of two switching elements (fifth switching element Q5 and sixth switching element Q6) are turned off, but all four switching elements forming the clamp path may be turned off.
  • control unit 13 switches half of the two or four switching elements turned off at a timing delayed from the timing of switching from the first charging state to the second charging state and before switching to the next first clamping state. Turn on to generate the clamp path in the first clamp state.
  • the state (state (10)) is delayed from the timing of switching from the first charging state to the second charging state (state (10)) and before switching to the next first clamp state (state (3)).
  • the timing for switching from 1) to state (2) was adopted.
  • the timing in the middle of the state (1) may be adopted, or the timing in the middle of the state (2) may be adopted.
  • a MOSFET is used as a switching element.
  • a semiconductor switching element such as an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) in which a parasitic diode is not formed may be used.
  • an external diode is connected in parallel to the semiconductor switching element instead of the parasitic diode.
  • Vf forward voltage drop
  • the equalization circuit according to the embodiment can be used to equalize a plurality of modules connected in series.
  • the "cell” in the present specification may be appropriately read as a "module”.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a configuration of a power storage system according to another embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 shows an embodiment of a power storage system including an equalization circuit that equalizes a plurality of modules connected in series.
  • each of the plurality of modules includes a cell equalization circuit and a power storage unit in which a plurality of cells are connected in series, similarly to the power storage system 1 shown in FIG.
  • the first module M1 includes a cell equalization circuit 10A and a power storage unit 20A
  • the second module M2 includes a cell equalization circuit 10B and a power storage unit 20B
  • the third module M3 has a cell equalization circuit 10C and a power storage unit 20B.
  • 20C is provided
  • the fourth module M4 includes a cell equalization circuit 10D and a power storage unit 20D.
  • the module equalization circuit 10M includes a voltage detection unit 14M, a module selection circuit 11M, an energy holding circuit 12M, and a control unit 13M.
  • control unit 13M executes equalization processing among m modules connected in series by the active module balance method.
  • energy is transferred from one module (module to be discharged) to another module (module to be charged) between m modules connected in series. Equalize the capacity of one module and another. By repeating this energy transfer, the capacitance between the m modules connected in series is equalized.
  • an equalization process between a plurality of cells connected in series in each module is performed.
  • the equalization process between a plurality of cells connected in series in each module may be executed multiple times with the equalization process between a plurality of modules.
  • the module equalization circuit 10M and the cell equalization circuits 10A to 10D are operated in cooperation with each other by communication.
  • the equalization process between modules is preferably executed with priority over the equalization process between cells, and after the equalization process between modules is completed, the equalization process between cells is completed to complete the equalization process between modules. It is possible to eliminate the voltage difference of each cell generated by executing the equalization process of.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a configuration of a power storage system according to still another embodiment.
  • the cell selection circuit 11 includes (n + 1) first wiring W1 connected to the first end of the inductor L1, second wiring W2 connected to the second end of the inductor L1. It has one wiring side switch and (n + 1) second wiring side switches.
  • N + 1) first wiring side switches are connected between each node of n cells connected in series and the first wiring W1.
  • the (n + 1) second wiring side switches are connected between each node of the n cells connected in series and the second wiring W2, respectively.
  • the energy holding circuit 12 (also referred to as a clamp circuit) includes an inductor L1 and a clamp switch Sc.
  • the clamp switch Sc is a switch for conducting both ends of the inductor L1 in the energy holding circuit 12.
  • the energy holding circuit 12 can form a closed loop including the inductor L1 in a state where the cell selection circuit 11 does not select any cell. That is, when the clamp switch Sc is controlled to be on, a closed loop including the inductor L1 and the clamp switch Sc, that is, a clamp path is formed.
  • the paths (discharge path and charge path) for energy transfer between the selected cell and the inductor L1 are a predetermined one first wiring side switch and a predetermined one second wiring. Formed by a side switch.
  • the energy holding circuit 12 does not have a function of switching the direction of the current flowing through the inductor L1
  • the discharge path and the charging path are switched to the conductive state according to the direction of the current flowing through the inductor L1. It is formed by selecting the second wiring side switch.
  • Two control units 13 form the clamp switch Sc after the end of the second clamp state, after turning on all of the plurality of switching elements forming the discharge path, and before switching to the next first clamp state.
  • One of the switching elements of the above is turned on to generate a clamp path in the first clamp state.
  • the equalization circuit of the active cell balance method has been described, but it can also be applied to energy transfer not intended for equalization between a plurality of cells or modules. For example, when the temperatures between the two modules are significantly different, at least a portion of the energy of the hot module may be transferred to the cold module in order to suppress storage degradation.
  • the energy transfer from one cell to another one cell has been described, but it is also possible to transfer energy from a plurality of cells connected in series to a plurality of cells connected in series. is there. It is also possible to transfer energy from one cell to a plurality of serially connected cells, and to transfer energy from a plurality of serially connected cells to another one cell.
  • modules the energy transfer from one cell to another one cell.
  • the embodiment may be specified by the following items.
  • the cell selection circuit (11) The first wiring (W1) connected to one end of the inductor (L1) and The second wiring (W2) connected to the other end of the inductor (L1) and A plurality of first wiring side switches (S1, S5, S9, or S1, S3, S5, S7, S9) that selectively connect one of both ends of the selected cell to the first wiring (W1). Includes at least one second wiring side switch (S4, S8, or S2, S4, S6, S8, S10) that selectively connects the other of both ends of the selected cell to the second wiring (W2).
  • the clamp switch (Sc2, or Sc) is formed by connecting two switching elements having diodes connected / formed in parallel with the diodes in opposite directions in series.
  • the first wiring side switch (S1) is formed by connecting two switching elements having diodes connected / formed in parallel with the diodes in opposite directions in series.
  • the second wiring side switch (S4) is formed by connecting two switching elements having diodes connected / formed in parallel with the diodes in opposite directions in series.
  • the control unit (13) To the nodes on both sides of the discharge cell (C1) so that a current flows from the discharge cell (C1), which is the selected cell to be discharged among the n cells (C1-C4), to the inductor (L1). Both sides of the discharge cell (C1) are controlled by controlling the conduction state of the connected first wiring side switch (S1), the second wiring side switch (S4), and the clamp switch (Sc1-Sc4, or Sc).
  • Inductor current increase state which forms a discharge path in which both ends of the inductor (L1) are connected to the node of the inductor (L1) and increases the current flowing through the inductor (L1).
  • the first wiring side switch (S1) and the second wiring side switch (S4) connected to the nodes on both sides of the discharge cell (C1) so that a clamping current flows between both ends of the inductor (L1).
  • the conduction state of the clamp switch (Sc1-Sc4 or Sc) is controlled to generate a clamp path in which both ends of the inductor (L1) are connected via the clamp switch (Sc1, Sc4), and the inductor is generated. A clamped state in which the current flowing in (L1) is circulated in the clamp path.
  • Both sides of the charging cell (C2) are controlled by controlling the conduction state of the connected first wiring side switch (S5), the second wiring side switch (S4), and the clamp switch (Sc1-Sc4, or Sc).
  • a charging path is generated in which both ends of the inductor (L1) are connected to the node of the inductor (L1), and control is performed in the order of the inductor current decrease state in which the current flowing through the inductor (L1) is reduced.
  • the clamp state is a first clamp state in which at least one of the plurality of switching elements forming the clamp path is turned off and a clamp current is passed through a diode parallel to the switching element. It has a second clamp state in which the switching elements in the off state are turned on and all of the plurality of switching elements are turned on.
  • the control unit (13) Of the plurality of switching elements forming the clamp switch after turning on all of the plurality of switching elements forming the discharge path in the inductor current increasing state and before switching to the next first clamp state.
  • the energy transfer circuit (10) characterized in that a part of the switching elements of the above is turned on to generate the clamp path in the first clamp state. According to this, a highly reliable and safe energy transfer circuit (10) can be realized.
  • the cell selection circuit (11) Among the nodes (n + 1) of the n cells (C1-C4) connected in series, a plurality of first wiring side switches (S1) connected between the odd node and the first wiring (W1), respectively. , S5, S9) and Of the nodes (n + 1) of the n cells (C1-C4) connected in series, at least one second wiring side switch connected between the even node and the second wiring (W2), respectively. (S4, S8), including
  • the clamp circuit (12) includes a first clamp switch (Sc1) and a second clamp switch (Sc2) connected in series with each other, and a third clamp switch (Sc3) and a fourth clamp switch (Sc3) connected in series with each other.
  • the inductor (L1) is a node between the first clamp switch (Sc1) and the second clamp switch (Sc2) and a node between the third clamp switch (Sc3) and the fourth clamp switch (Sc4). Connected in between One end of the first clamp switch (Sc1) and the third clamp switch (Sc3) that is not connected to the inductor (L1) is connected to the first wiring (W1). One end of the second clamp switch (Sc2) and the fourth clamp switch (Sc4) that is not connected to the inductor (L1) is connected to the second wiring (W2).
  • the clamp circuit (12) includes the inductor (L1), the first clamp switch (Sc1), the second clamp switch (Sc2), the third clamp switch (Sc3), and the fourth clamp switch (Sc4).
  • the energy transfer circuit (10) according to item 1, wherein the energy transfer circuit is fully bridged. According to this, it is possible to realize a highly reliable and safe energy transfer circuit (10) having a clamp circuit (12) composed of a full bridge circuit.
  • the cell selection circuit (11) N + 1) first wiring side switches (S1, S3, S5, S7) connected between each node of the n cells (C1-C4) connected in series and the first wiring (W1), respectively.
  • the clamp switch (Sc) used for the clamp circuit (12) can be configured by one. That is, it can be composed of two switching elements.
  • the 2 switching elements (Q1, Q8) of one switching element (Q1) constituting the side switch and one switching element (Q8) constituting the clamp switch (Sc1) are turned off. Turn on the two switching elements (Q1, Q8) in the first charging state and the off state in which the charging current flows through the body diodes (D1, D8) in parallel with the switching elements (Q1, Q8).
  • the two switching elements (Q5, Q6) of one switching element (Q5) connected in series in the opposite direction are turned off, and the timing of switching from the first charging state to the second charging state is delayed. At the timing and before switching to the next first clamp state, one (Q5) of the two turned-off switching elements (Q5, Q6) is turned on to generate the clamp path in the first clamp state.
  • a voltage detection unit (14) for detecting the voltage of each of the n cells (C1-C4) is provided.
  • the control unit (13) equalizes between the n cells (C1-C4) based on the voltage of the n cells (C1-C4) detected by the voltage detection unit (14).
  • the energy transfer circuit (10) according to any one of items 1 to 5 for executing the process. According to this, it is possible to realize an equalization circuit using energy transfer.
  • the control unit (13) has the target voltage of the n cells (C1-C4) or the target voltage of the n cells (C1-C4) based on the voltage of the n cells (C1-C4) detected by the voltage detection unit (14). Item 6.
  • the item 6 is characterized in that a target capacity is determined, a cell higher than the target voltage or target capacity is determined as a cell to be discharged, and a cell lower than the target voltage or target capacity is determined as a cell to be charged.
  • Energy transfer circuit (10) According to this, active cell balance can be realized by energy transfer between cells (C1-C4). [Item 8] N (n is an integer of 2 or more) cells (C1-C4) connected in series and The energy transfer circuit (10) according to any one of items 1 to 7 and A power storage system (1). According to this, it is possible to construct a power storage system (1) that realizes a highly reliable and safe energy transfer circuit (10).
  • inductor (L1M) It is provided between the m (m is an integer of 2 or more) modules (M1-M4) connected in series and the inductor (L1M), and any one of the m modules (M1-M4) or connected in series.
  • a module selection circuit (11M) capable of conducting both ends of a selection module composed of a plurality of modules and both ends of the inductor (L1M).
  • a clamp circuit (12M) having a clamp switch (Sc1M-Sc4M) for forming a closed loop including the inductor (L1M) in a state where the module selection circuit (11M) does not select any module (M1-M4).
  • the module selection circuit (11M) and the control unit (13M) for controlling the clamp circuit (12M) are provided.
  • the module selection circuit (11M) is The first wiring (W1M) connected to one end of the inductor (L1M) and The second wiring (W2M) connected to the other end of the inductor (L1M) and A plurality of first wiring side switches (S1M, S5M, S9M) that selectively connect one of both ends of the selection module to the first wiring (W1M). It includes at least one second wiring side switch (S4M, S8M) that selectively connects the other of both ends of the selection module to the second wiring (W2M).
  • the clamp switch (Sc2M) two switching elements (Q5, Q6) having diodes (D5, D6) connected / formed in parallel are connected in series with the diodes (D5, D6) reversed. Formed, In the first wiring side switch (S1M), two switching elements (Q1, Q2) having diodes (D1, D2) connected / formed in parallel are connected in series with the diodes (D1, D2) reversed. Formed by being connected to The second wiring side switch (S4) is formed by connecting two switching elements having diodes connected / formed in parallel with the diodes in opposite directions in series.
  • the control unit (13M) To the nodes on both sides of the discharge module (M1) so that a current flows from the discharge module (M1), which is the selection module to be discharged, to the inductor (L1M) among the m modules (M1-M4).
  • the control unit (13M) To the nodes on both sides of the discharge module (M1) so that a current flows from the discharge module (M1), which is the selection module to be discharged, to the inductor (L1M) among the m modules (M1-M4).
  • S1M first wiring side switch
  • S4M second wiring side switch
  • Sc1-Sc4 clamp switch
  • the first wiring side switch (S1M) and the second wiring side switch (S4M) connected to the nodes on both sides of the discharge module (M1) so that a clamping current flows between both ends of the inductor (L1M). Further, the conduction state of the clamp switch (Sc1M-Sc4M) is controlled to generate a clamp path in which both ends of the inductor (L1M) are connected via the clamp switch (Sc1M, Sc4M), and the inductor (L1M) is connected. In the clamp state, the current flowing through the clamp path is circulated in the clamp path.
  • the clamp state of the plurality of switching elements (Q5, Q6) forming the clamp path, at least one switching element (Q6) is turned off and a diode (D6) parallel to the switching element (Q6) is turned off. It has a first clamp state in which a clamp current flows through a device, and a second clamp state in which the switching element (Q6) in the off state is turned on and all of the plurality of switching elements (Q5, Q6) are turned on.
  • the control unit (13M) In the inductor current increasing state, after turning on all of the plurality of switching elements (Q1, Q2, Q7, Q8) forming the discharge path, and before switching to the next first clamp state, the clamp switch.
  • the module selection circuit (11M) is Among the nodes (n + 1) of the m modules (M1-M4) connected in series, a plurality of first wiring side switches (S1M) connected between the odd-numbered nodes and the first wiring (W1M), respectively.
  • the clamp circuit (12M) includes a first clamp switch (Sc1M) and a second clamp switch (Sc2M) connected in series with each other, and a third clamp switch (Sc3M) and a fourth clamp switch (Sc3M) connected in series with each other.
  • the inductor (L1M) is a node between the first clamp switch (Sc1M) and the second clamp switch (Sc2M) and a node between the third clamp switch (Sc3M) and the fourth clamp switch (Sc4M). Connected in between One end of the first clamp switch (Sc1M) and the third clamp switch (Sc3M) that is not connected to the inductor (L1M) is connected to the first wiring (W1M). One end of the second clamp switch (Sc2M) and the fourth clamp switch (Sc4M) that is not connected to the inductor (L1M) is connected to the second wiring (W2M).
  • the clamp circuit (12M) includes the inductor (L1M), the first clamp switch (Sc1M), the second clamp switch (Sc2M), the third clamp switch (Sc3M), and the fourth clamp switch (Sc4M). 9.
  • the energy transfer circuit (10M) according to item 9, wherein the energy transfer circuit is fully bridged. According to this, it is possible to realize an energy transfer circuit (10M) having a clamp circuit (12) composed of a full bridge circuit, which is highly reliable and safe.
  • the module selection circuit (11M) is (M + 1) first wiring side switches (S1M, S3M, S5M, S7M) connected between each node of the m modules (M1-M4) connected in series and the first wiring (W1M), respectively.
  • the clamp switch (ScM) used for the clamp circuit (12M) can be configured by one. That is, it can be composed of two switching elements.
  • the 2 switching elements (Q1, Q8) of one switching element (Q1) constituting the side switch and one switching element (Q8) constituting the clamp switch (Sc1M) are turned off.
  • the two switching elements (Q1, Q8) in the first charging state and the off state, in which a charging current is passed through a diode (D1, D8) in parallel with the switching elements (Q1, Q8), are turned on.
  • the two switching elements (Q5, Q6) of one switching element (Q5) connected in series in the opposite direction are turned off, and the timing of switching from the first charging state to the second charging state is delayed. At the timing and before switching to the next first clamp state, one (Q5) of the two turned-off switching elements (Q5, Q6) is turned on to generate the clamp path in the first clamp state.
  • the energy transfer circuit (10M) according to item 12, characterized in that. According to this, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of spikes when preparing the clamp path in the first clamp state.
  • a voltage detection unit (14M) for detecting the voltage of each of the m modules (M1-M4) is further provided.
  • the control unit (13M) equalizes between the m modules (M1-M4) based on the voltage of the m modules (M1-M4) detected by the voltage detection unit (14M).
  • the energy transfer circuit (10M) according to any one of items 9 to 13 for executing the process. According to this, it is possible to realize an equalization circuit using energy transfer.
  • the control unit (13M) is based on the voltage of the m modules (M1-M4) detected by the voltage detection unit (14M), and the target voltage of the m modules (M1-M4) or Item 14.
  • the item 14 is characterized in that a target capacity is determined, a module higher than the target voltage or target capacity is determined as a module to be discharged, and a module lower than the target voltage or target capacity is determined to be a module to be charged.
  • Energy transfer circuit (10M) According to this, it is possible to realize the active module balance by the energy transfer between the modules (M1-M4).
  • the m modules (M1-M4) are each Multiple cells (C1-C4) connected in series and A cell voltage detection unit (14) that detects the cell voltage of each of the plurality of cells (C1-C4), A cell equalization circuit (10A-10D) that equalizes a plurality of cell voltages in the same module (M1-M4) based on the cell voltage detected by the cell voltage detection unit (14) is included.
  • the cell equalization circuit (10A-10D) operates in cooperation with the control unit (13M) by communication, and after the equalization process between the m modules (M1-M4) is executed, the cell equalization circuit (10A-10D) is executed.
  • the energy transfer circuit (10M) according to item 14, wherein the equalization process between the plurality of cells (C1-C4) is executed. According to this, the active module balance by energy transfer between modules (M1-M4) and the active cell balance by energy transfer between cells (C1-C4) are used in combination to efficiently equalize all cells. It can be realized.
  • a power storage system (1M) characterized by the above. According to this, it is possible to construct a power storage system (1M) that realizes a highly reliable and safe energy transfer circuit (10M).
  • 1 power storage system 10 equalization circuit, 11 cell selection circuit, 12 energy retention circuit, 13 control unit, 14 voltage detection unit, 20 power storage unit, C1-C4, Ca, Cb cell, L1 inductor, W1 first wiring, W2 2nd wiring, S1-S10 switch, Sc1-Sc4 clamp switch, Q1-Q8 switching element, D1-D8 body diode.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
PCT/JP2020/017888 2019-05-24 2020-04-27 エネルギ移動回路、及び蓄電システム Ceased WO2020241144A1 (ja)

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CN202080037345.8A CN113875068B (zh) 2019-05-24 2020-04-27 能量移动电路以及蓄电系统
EP20813002.1A EP3979391B1 (en) 2019-05-24 2020-04-27 Energy transfer circuit and power storage system
US17/611,211 US12051921B2 (en) 2019-05-24 2020-04-27 Energy transfer circuit and power storage system
JP2021522722A JP7474994B2 (ja) 2019-05-24 2020-04-27 エネルギ移動回路、及び蓄電システム

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CN113875068A (zh) 2021-12-31
CN113875068B (zh) 2024-11-29
EP3979391A1 (en) 2022-04-06
EP3979391B1 (en) 2025-07-02
US12051921B2 (en) 2024-07-30
US20220216703A1 (en) 2022-07-07
JP7474994B2 (ja) 2024-04-26
EP3979391A4 (en) 2022-08-03

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