WO2020220711A1 - 光学系统及具有其的虚拟现实设备 - Google Patents

光学系统及具有其的虚拟现实设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020220711A1
WO2020220711A1 PCT/CN2019/129181 CN2019129181W WO2020220711A1 WO 2020220711 A1 WO2020220711 A1 WO 2020220711A1 CN 2019129181 W CN2019129181 W CN 2019129181W WO 2020220711 A1 WO2020220711 A1 WO 2020220711A1
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lens
optical system
center
polarized light
display unit
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PCT/CN2019/129181
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English (en)
French (fr)
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孙琦
翟睿智
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歌尔股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2020220711A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020220711A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of optical imaging technology, in particular to an optical system and a virtual reality device having the same.
  • the current virtual reality equipment usually transmits and enlarges the display screen in the equipment through the optical system, and then outputs The image is transmitted to the human eye. Therefore, the human eye receives the enlarged virtual image of the display screen, so as to achieve the purpose of large-screen viewing through the virtual reality device.
  • the optical system usually requires a combination of multiple lenses In this way, due to the large volume when multiple lenses are used in combination, the volume of the virtual reality device is large, which reduces the comfort of the user.
  • the present invention provides an optical system and a virtual reality device having the same, and aims to solve the problems of large volume of the virtual reality device and low wearing comfort of users due to the large volume of the optical system in the prior art.
  • the present invention proposes an optical system that includes a display unit, a first lens, a first phase retarder, a second lens, and a diaphragm in sequence along the light transmission direction, wherein:
  • the first lens includes a first surface arranged convexly toward the object side and a second surface arranged concavely toward the image side;
  • the second lens includes a third surface arranged convexly toward the object side and a fourth surface arranged concavely toward the image side;
  • the first surface is provided with a spectroscopic film
  • the fourth surface is provided with a polarizing reflection film
  • the distance between the center of the fourth surface of the display unit is less than or equal to 20 mm;
  • the incident light emitted by the display unit enters the first lens from the first surface and exits the first lens from the second surface.
  • the incident light changes after passing through the first phase retarder. Is the first linearly polarized light, the first linearly polarized light enters the second lens from the third surface, and after being reflected by the fourth surface, exits the second lens from the third surface,
  • the first linearly polarized light becomes first circularly polarized light after passing through the first phase retarder, and after the first circularly polarized light enters the first lens from the second surface, the After being reflected on a surface, it becomes a second circularly polarized light.
  • the second circularly polarized light has the opposite rotation to the first circularly polarized light.
  • the second circularly polarized light passes through the first phase retarder again and then becomes It is the second linearly polarized light. After the second linearly polarized light enters the second lens through the third surface, it exits the second lens from the fourth surface and is transmitted to the diaphragm.
  • the reflection direction of the polarized reflection film is the same as the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light
  • the transmission direction of the polarized reflection film is the same as the polarization direction of the second linearly polarized light.
  • the first phase retarder is a quarter wave plate.
  • the optical system satisfies the following relationship: 100mm ⁇ ABS(R1) ⁇ 200mm; 500mm ⁇ ABS(R2) ⁇ 1000mm;
  • the R1 is the radius of curvature of the second surface
  • the R2 is the radius of curvature of the fourth surface
  • the optical system satisfies the following relationship: 15mm ⁇ T1 ⁇ 20mm; 12.5mm ⁇ T2 ⁇ 15mm;
  • the T1 is the distance from the center of the display unit to the center of the fourth surface
  • the T2 is the distance from the center of the fourth surface to the center of the diaphragm.
  • the optical system satisfies the following relationship: 1mm ⁇ L1 ⁇ 5mm; 3mm ⁇ L2 ⁇ 8mm; 1mm ⁇ L3 ⁇ 4mm; 3mm ⁇ L4 ⁇ 8mm;
  • L1 is the distance from the center of the display unit to the center of the first surface
  • L2 is the center thickness of the first lens
  • L3 is the center of the second surface to the The distance from the center of the third surface
  • L4 is the center thickness of the second lens
  • the optical system satisfies the following relationship: 0.15 ⁇ L1/T1 ⁇ 0.2; 0.3 ⁇ L2/T1 ⁇ 0.4; 0.15 ⁇ L3/T1 ⁇ 0.2; 0.3 ⁇ L4/T1 ⁇ 0.35;
  • L1 is the distance from the center of the display unit to the center of the first surface
  • L2 is the center thickness of the first lens
  • L3 is the center of the second surface to the first surface
  • the distance between the centers of the three surfaces, the L4 is the center thickness of the second lens
  • the T1 is the distance from the center of the display unit to the center of the fourth surface.
  • the optical system satisfies the following relationship: 5*f ⁇ f2 ⁇ 10*f; 10*f ⁇ f1 ⁇ 15*f; 10mm ⁇ f ⁇ f2 ⁇ f1; 1 ⁇ f/T1 ⁇ 1.5;
  • the f is the overall focal length of the optical system
  • the f1 is the focal length of the first lens
  • the f2 is the focal length of the second lens
  • the T1 is the center to the center of the display unit. The distance to the center of the fourth surface.
  • the optical system further includes a second phase retarder, and the second retarder is provided between the display unit and the first lens.
  • this application proposes a virtual reality device, which includes the optical system as described in any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the optical system includes a display unit, a first lens, a first phase retarder, a second lens, and an aperture in sequence along the light transmission direction, and the incident light emitted by the display unit sequentially passes through the After the first lens and the first phase retarder become first linearly polarized light, when the first linearly polarized light is transmitted to the fourth surface through the third surface, due to the The reflection direction of the polarized reflection film is the same as the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light. The first linearly polarized light is reflected on the fourth surface and passes through the first phase retarder again.
  • the linearly polarized light is transformed into the first circularly polarized light, the first circularly polarized light is reflected on the first surface, the first circularly polarized light becomes the second circularly polarized light, and the second circularly polarized light is The rotation is opposite to that of the first circularly polarized light.
  • the second circularly polarized light becomes a second linearly polarized light after passing through the first phase retarder.
  • the polarization direction of the second linearly polarized light is The polarization directions of the first linearly polarized light are perpendicular to each other and are the same as the transmission direction of the polarizing reflection film.
  • the second linearly polarized light when transmitted to the fourth surface, it passes through the fourth surface and Transmission to the diaphragm.
  • the incident light is reflected twice between the first lens and the second lens, and the optical path of the incident light in the optical system is increased by reflection, thereby enlarging the display unit
  • the volume of the optical system is reduced, thereby reducing the volume of the virtual reality device, so as to solve the problem of the large volume of the optical system in the prior art, which leads to the large volume of the virtual reality device and the low wearing comfort of the user. problem.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of an embodiment of the optical system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of another embodiment of the optical system of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a point diagram of the optical system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a vertical axis chromatic aberration diagram of the optical system of the present invention.
  • Label name Label name 10 Display unit 31 Third surface 20 First lens 32 Fourth surface twenty one First surface 40 Diaphragm twenty two Second surface 50 Second phase retarder 30 Second lens To To To
  • the terms “connected”, “fixed”, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, for example, “fixed” can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or a whole; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components or the interaction relationship between two components, unless specifically defined otherwise.
  • “fixed” can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or a whole; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components or the interaction relationship between two components, unless specifically defined otherwise.
  • fixed can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or a whole; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components or the interaction relationship between two components, unless specifically defined otherwise.
  • the invention provides an optical system and a virtual reality device with the optical system.
  • the optical system includes a display unit 10, a first lens 20, a first phase retarder (not shown), a second lens 30, and an aperture 40 in sequence along the light transmission direction.
  • the first lens 20 includes a first surface 21 arranged convexly toward the object side and a second surface 22 arranged concavely toward the image side;
  • the second lens 30 includes a third surface 31 arranged convexly toward the object side and a fourth surface 32 arranged concavely toward the image side;
  • the first surface 21 is provided with a spectroscopic film
  • the fourth surface 32 is provided with a polarizing reflection film
  • the distance from the display unit 10 to the center of the fourth surface 32 is less than or equal to 20 mm;
  • the incident light emitted by the display unit 10 enters the first lens 20 from the first surface 21, and exits the first lens 20 from the second surface 22.
  • the incident light passes through the first lens 20.
  • the phase retarder becomes the first linearly polarized light
  • the first linearly polarized light enters the second lens 30 from the third surface 31, and after being reflected on the fourth surface 32, from the third
  • the surface 31 emits the second lens 30
  • the first linearly polarized light becomes first circularly polarized light after passing through the first phase retarder
  • the first circularly polarized light enters from the second surface 22
  • the second circularly polarized light has the opposite rotation to the first circularly polarized light.
  • the polarized light passes through the first phase retarder again and becomes a second linearly polarized light. After the second linearly polarized light enters the second lens 30 through the third surface 31, it exits the fourth surface 32. The second lens 30 is transmitted to the diaphragm 40.
  • the spectroscopic film can be provided on the first surface 21 by coating or attaching.
  • the polarizing reflection film can be provided on the fourth surface 32 by coating or attaching.
  • the spectroscopic film is a semi-reflective and semi-transmissive film, and the ratio of transmittance to reflectance of the semi-reflective and semi-transmissive film is 1:1. It can be understood that the spectroscopic ratio of the spectroscopic film is not limited to this, and other implementations In the manner, the ratio of transmittance to reflectance of the spectroscopic film may also be 4:6 or 3:7.
  • the optical system includes a display unit 10, a first lens 20, a first phase retarder, a second lens 30, and an aperture 40 in sequence along the light transmission direction.
  • the incident light sequentially passes through the first lens 20 and the first phase retarder and becomes first linearly polarized light.
  • the first linearly polarized light passes through the third surface 31 and is transmitted to the fourth surface 32 . Since the reflection direction of the polarized reflection film on the fourth surface 32 is the same as the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light, the first linearly polarized light is reflected on the fourth surface 32 and passes through the first linearly polarized light again.
  • the first linearly polarized light is transformed into a first circularly polarized light, the first circularly polarized light is reflected on the first surface 21, and the first circularly polarized light becomes a second circular light.
  • Polarized light the rotation of the second circularly polarized light is opposite to the rotation of the first circularly polarized light, and the second circularly polarized light becomes a second linearly polarized light after passing through the first phase retarder,
  • the polarization direction of the second linearly polarized light and the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light are perpendicular to each other and are the same as the transmission direction of the polarizing reflection film. Therefore, the second linearly polarized light is transmitted to the fourth surface.
  • the display unit 10 reduces the volume of the optical system at the same time, thereby reducing the volume of the virtual reality device, so as to solve the problem that the volume of the virtual reality device is large due to the large volume of the optical system in the prior art, and the user can wear it comfortably.
  • the first phase retarder is a first quarter wave plate, and the center wavelength of the first quarter wave plate is equal to the wavelength of the incident light.
  • the reflection direction of the polarized reflection film is the same as the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light
  • the transmission direction of the polarized reflection film is the same as the polarization direction of the second linearly polarized light.
  • the first linearly polarized light will be partially transmitted and partially reflected when passing through the polarized reflection film, thereby The transmission efficiency of the first linearly polarized light is reduced.
  • the transmission part of the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light are transmitted to the aperture 40, which may cause ghosting of the image observed by the user.
  • the optical system satisfies the following relationship: 100mm ⁇ ABS(R1) ⁇ 200mm; and the R1 is the radius of curvature of the second surface 22.
  • the radius of curvature of the second surface 22 is the radius of curvature of the apex of the aspheric surface.
  • the optical system satisfies the following relationship: 500 ⁇ ABS(R2) ⁇ 1000; and the R2 is the radius of curvature of the fourth surface 32.
  • the radius of curvature of the fourth surface 32 is the radius of curvature of the vertex of the aspheric surface.
  • the center perpendicular of the display unit 10, the optical axis of the first lens 20, the optical axis of the second lens 30, the optical axis of the first phase retarder, and The center perpendicular of the aperture 40 is collinear.
  • the optical system satisfies the following relationship: 15mm ⁇ T1 ⁇ 20mm; 12.5mm ⁇ T2 ⁇ 15mm; the T1 is the distance from the center of the display unit 10 to the center of the fourth surface 32, and the T2 is the The distance from the center of the fourth surface 32 to the center of the diaphragm 40.
  • the optical system satisfies the following relationship: 1mm ⁇ L1 ⁇ 5mm; 3mm ⁇ L2 ⁇ 8mm; 1mm ⁇ L3 ⁇ 4mm; 3mm ⁇ L4 ⁇ 8mm; the L1 is the display unit 10
  • the distance, L4 is the center thickness of the second lens 30.
  • the optical system satisfies the following relationship: 0.15 ⁇ L1/T1 ⁇ 0.2; 0.3 ⁇ L2/T1 ⁇ 0.4; 0.15 ⁇ L3/T1 ⁇ 0.2; 0.3 ⁇ L4/T1 ⁇ 0.35;
  • the L1 is the distance from the center of the display unit 10 to the center of the first surface 21, the L2 is the center thickness of the first lens 20; the L3 is the center of the second surface 22 to the center For the distance from the center of the third surface 31, the L4 is the center thickness of the second lens 30; and the T1 is the distance from the center of the display unit 10 to the center of the fourth surface 32.
  • the optical system satisfies the following relationship: 5*f ⁇ f2 ⁇ 10*f; 10*f ⁇ f2 ⁇ 15*f; 10mm ⁇ f ⁇ f2 ⁇ f1; 1 ⁇ f/T1 ⁇ 1.5; the f is the overall focal length of the optical system, the f1 is the focal length of the first lens 20, the f2 is the focal length of the second lens 30, and the T1 is the display unit 10 The distance from the center of the fourth surface 32 to the center of the fourth surface 32.
  • the optical system when the incident light emitted by the display unit 20 is linearly polarized light, the optical system further includes a second phase retarder 50, and the second phase retarder 50 is provided between the display unit 10 and the first lens 20, and is used to convert the incident light emitted by the display unit 10 from linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light.
  • the second phase retarder is a second quarter wave plate, and the center wavelength of the second quarter wave plate is equal to the wavelength of the incident light.
  • the first surface 21 and the third surface 31 are aspherical surfaces.
  • an aspherical structure can effectively reduce the spherical aberration and distortion of the optical system, thereby reducing the number of lenses in the optical system and reducing the size of the lenses.
  • the diaphragm 40 is used to control the passage of light, adjust the luminous flux emitted from the optical system, and reduce the interference of stray light caused by reflection of other lenses.
  • optical system design data is shown in Table 1 below:
  • the parameters are as follows:
  • the second surface 22 and the fourth surface 32 may be an even-order aspheric surface structure, wherein the even-order aspheric surface satisfies the following relationship:
  • Y is the height of the mirror center
  • z is the position of the aspheric structure along the optical axis at a height of Y
  • the surface vertex is used as the reference displacement value from the optical axis
  • C is the radius of curvature of the aspheric surface
  • K is the conic coefficient
  • ⁇ i represents the i-th aspheric coefficient.
  • the second surface 22 and the fourth surface 32 may also have an odd-order aspheric structure, wherein the odd-order aspheric surface satisfies the following relationship:
  • Y is the height of the mirror center
  • z is the position of the aspheric structure along the optical axis at a height of Y
  • the surface vertex is used as the reference displacement value from the optical axis
  • C is the radius of curvature of the aspheric surface
  • K is the conic coefficient
  • ⁇ i represents the i-th aspheric coefficient.
  • FIG. 3 is a point diagram of the first embodiment.
  • the point diagram means that after many light rays emitted from one point pass through the optical system, the intersection with the image plane is no longer concentrated at the same point due to aberration. A dispersion pattern scattered in a certain range is formed to evaluate the imaging quality of the projection optical system.
  • the maximum value of the image point in the point sequence diagram corresponds to the maximum field of view, and the maximum value of the image point in the point sequence diagram is less than 60 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 4 is a field curvature and optical distortion diagram of the first embodiment.
  • the field curvature is used to indicate the position change of the beam image point of different field of view points away from the image plane, and the optical distortion refers to a certain field of view.
  • Figure 5 is the vertical axis chromatic aberration diagram of the first embodiment.
  • the vertical axis chromatic aberration is also known as the chromatic aberration of magnification. It mainly refers to a polychromatic chief ray on the object side. Because of the dispersion in the refraction system, When the image side exits, it becomes multiple rays of light, and the difference between the focal positions of the hydrogen blue light and the hydrogen red light on the image plane; in the first embodiment, the maximum dispersion of the optical system is the visual system of the optical system At the maximum position of the field, the maximum chromatic aberration value of the optical system is less than 290 ⁇ m, which can meet the needs of users in conjunction with later software correction.
  • the length of the display unit 10 to the fourth surface 32 of the second lens 30 is 20 mm
  • the maximum field angle is 120 degrees
  • the maximum field of view of the optical system has a spot size Less than 60 ⁇ m, so as to ensure clear imaging.
  • the volume of the optical system is reduced by folding the optical path, thereby reducing the volume and weight of the virtual reality device, and improving the user’s Use experience.
  • the present invention also provides a virtual reality device.
  • the virtual reality device includes the optical system as described in any of the above embodiments.

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Abstract

一种光学系统及具有其的虚拟现实设备，光学系统沿光线传输方向依次包括显示单元（10）、第一透镜（20）、第一相位延迟器、第二透镜（30）以及光阑（40），第一透镜（20）包括第一表面（21）以及第二表面（22），第二透镜（30）包括第三表面（31）以及第四表面（32）；显示单元（10）发出的入射光线从第一表面（21）传输至第四表面（32），通过第四表面（32）上的偏振反射膜以及第一相位延迟器，入射光线在第一表面（21）与第四表面（32）之间发生多次反射，并发生多次偏振态或偏振方向的变换，最终传输至光阑（40）。解决了现有技术中由于光学系统体积较大，导致虚拟现实设备的体积较大，用户佩戴舒适度低的问题。

Description

光学系统及具有其的虚拟现实设备 技术领域
本发明涉及光学成像技术领域，尤其涉及一种光学系统及具有其的虚拟现实设备。
背景技术
随着虚拟现实技术的发展，虚拟现实设备的形态与种类也日益繁多，并且应用领域也愈加广泛，目前的虚拟现实设备，通常将设备中的显示屏通过光学系统的传递和放大后，将输出的图像传递至人眼，因此人眼接收到的是显示屏经过放大后的虚像，从而通过虚拟现实设备实现大屏观看的目的，而为了实现图像的放大，光学系统通常需要多个透镜组合的方式实现，由于多个透镜组合使用时体积较大，进而导致虚拟现实设备的体积较大，降低了用户佩戴的舒适度。
发明内容
本发明提供一种光学系统及具有其的虚拟现实设备，旨在解决现有技术中由于光学系统体积较大，导致虚拟现实设备的体积较大，用户佩戴的舒适度低的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提出了一种光学系统，所述光学系统沿光线传输方向依次包括显示单元、第一透镜、第一相位延迟器、第二透镜以及光阑，其中，
所述第一透镜包括凸向物方设置的第一表面以及凹向像方设置的第二表面；
所述第二透镜包括凸向物方设置的第三表面以及凹向像方设置的第四表面；
所述第一表面设有分光膜；
所述第四表面设有偏振反射膜；
所述显示单元所述第四表面的中心的距离小于或等于20mm；
所述显示单元发出的入射光线从所述第一表面进入所述第一透镜，并从所述第二表面射出所述第一透镜，所述入射光线在经过所述第一相位延迟器后变为第一线偏振光，所述第一线偏振光从所述第三表面进入所述第二透镜，并在所述第四表面反射后，从所述第三表面射出所述第二透镜，所述第一线偏振光在经过所述第一相位延迟器后变为第一圆偏振光，所述第一圆偏振光从所述第二表面进入所述第一透镜后，在所述第一表面反射后变为第二圆偏振光，所述第二圆偏振光与所述第一圆偏振光的旋性相反，所述第二圆偏振光再次经过所述第一相位延迟器后变为第二线偏振光，所述第二线偏振光在经过所述第三表面进入第二透镜后，从所述第四表面射出所述第二透镜，并传输至所述光阑。
可选地，所述偏振反射膜的反射方向与所述第一线偏振光的偏振方向相同，所述偏振反射膜的透射方向与所述第二线偏振光的偏振方向相同。
可选地，所述第一相位延迟器为1/4波片。
可选地，所述光学系统满足如下关系：100mm≤ABS(R1)≤200mm；500mm≤ABS(R2)≤1000mm；
其中，所述R1为所述第二表面的曲率半径，所述R2为所述第四表面的曲率半径。
可选地，所述光学系统满足如下关系：15mm≤T1≤20mm；12.5mm≤T2≤15mm；
其中，所述T1为所述显示单元的中心到所述第四表面的中心的距离，所述T2为所述第四表面的中心到所述光阑的中心的距离。
可选地，所述光学系统满足如下关系：1mm≤L1≤5mm；3mm≤L2≤8mm；1mm≤L3≤4mm；3mm≤L4≤8mm；
其中，所述L1为所述显示单元的中心到所述第一表面的中心的距离，所述L2为所述第一透镜的中心厚度；所述L3为所述第二表面的中心到所述第三表面的中心的距离，所述L4为所述第二透镜的中心厚度。
可选地，所述光学系统满足如下关系：0.15≤L1/T1≤0.2；0.3≤L2/T1≤0.4；0.15≤L3/T1≤0.2；0.3≤L4/T1≤0.35；
其中，所述L1为所述显示单元中心到所述第一表面的中心的距离，所述 L2为所述第一透镜的中心厚度；所述L3为所述第二表面的中心到所述第三表面的中心的距离，所述L4为所述第二透镜的中心厚度；所述T1为所述显示单元的中心到所述第四表面的中心的距离。
可选地，所述光学系统满足如下关系：5*f≤f2≤10*f；10*f≤f1≤15*f；10mm≤f≤f2≤f1；1≤f/T1≤1.5；
其中，所述f为所述光学系统的整体焦距，所述f1为所述第一透镜的焦距，所述f2为所述第二透镜的焦距，所述T1为所述显示单元的中心到所述第四表面的中心的距离。
可选地，所述光学系统还包括第二相位延迟器，所述第二延迟器设于所述显示单元与所述第一透镜之间。
为实现上述目的，本申请提出一种虚拟现实设备，所述虚拟现实设备包括如上述任一项实施方式所述的光学系统。
本申请提出的技术方案中，所述光学系统包括沿光线传输方向依次包括显示单元、第一透镜、第一相位延迟器、第二透镜以及光阑，所述显示单元发出的入射光线依次经过所述第一透镜、所述第一相位延迟器后变为第一线偏振光，所述第一线偏振光经过所述第三表面传输至所述第四表面时，由于所述第四表面的偏振反射膜的反射方向与所述第一线偏振光的偏振方向相同，所述第一线偏振光在所述第四表面发生反射，再次经过所述第一相位延迟器后，所述第一线偏振光转变为第一圆偏振光，所述第一圆偏振光在所述第一表面发生反射，所述第一圆偏振光变为第二圆偏振光，所述第二圆偏振光的旋性与所述第一圆偏振光的旋性相反，所述第二圆偏振光在经过所述第一相位延迟器后变为第二线偏振光，所述第二线偏振光的偏振方向与所述第一线偏振光的偏振方向相互垂直，并与所述偏振反射膜的透射方向相同，因此所述第二线偏振光在传输至所述第四表面时，从所述第四表面透过并传输至所述光阑。所述入射光线在所述第一透镜与所述第二透镜之间发生两次反射，通过反射的方式增加了所述入射光线在所述光学系统内的光程，从而在放大所述显示单元的同时减小所述光学系统的体积，进而减小所述虚拟现实设备的体积，解决现有技术中由于光学系统体积较大，导致虚拟现实设备的体积较大，用户佩戴的舒适度低的问题。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明光学系统一实施例的光路示意图；
图2是本发明光学系统又一实施例的光路示意图；
图3是本发明光学系统的点列图；
图4是本发明光学系统的场曲与光学畸变图；
图5是本发明光学系统的垂轴色差图。
附图标号说明：
标号 名称 标号 名称
10 显示单元 31 第三表面
20 第一透镜 32 第四表面
21 第一表面 40 光阑
22 第二表面 50 第二相位延迟器
30 第二透镜    
本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明，本发明实施例中所有方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位 置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
另外，在本发明中如涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“连接”、“固定”等应做广义理解，例如，“固定”可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
另外，本发明各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
本发明提供一种光学系统及具有其的虚拟现实设备。
请参照图1，所述光学系统沿光线传输方向依次包括显示单元10、第一透镜20、第一相位延迟器(未图示)、第二透镜30以及光阑40，其中，
所述第一透镜20包括凸向物方设置的第一表面21以及凹向像方设置的第二表面22；
所述第二透镜30包括凸向物方设置的第三表面31以及凹向像方设置的第四表面32；
所述第一表面21设有分光膜；
所述第四表面32设有偏振反射膜；
所述显示单元10到所述第四表面32的中心的距离小于或等于20mm；
所述显示单元10发出的入射光线从所述第一表面21进入所述第一透镜20，并从所述第二表面22射出所述第一透镜20，所述入射光线在经过所述第一相位延迟器后变为第一线偏振光，所述第一线偏振光从所述第三表面31进 入所述第二透镜30，并在所述第四表面32反射后，从所述第三表面31射出所述第二透镜30，所述第一线偏振光在经过所述第一相位延迟器后变为第一圆偏振光，所述第一圆偏振光从所述第二表面22进入所述第一透镜20后，在所述第一表面21反射后变为第二圆偏振光，所述第二圆偏振光与所述第一圆偏振光的旋性相反，所述第二圆偏振光再次经过所述第一相位延迟器后变为第二线偏振光，所述第二线偏振光在经过所述第三表面31进入第二透镜30后，从所述第四表面32射出所述第二透镜30，并传输至所述光阑40。
优选的，所述分光膜可以通过镀膜或贴附的方式设于所述第一表面21，同理，所述偏振反射膜可以通过镀膜或贴附的方式设于所第四表面32，进一步的，所述分光膜为半反半透膜，所述半反半透膜的透射率与反射率的比例为1:1，可以理解的是，所述分光膜分光比例不限于此，于其他实施方式中，所述分光膜的透射率与反射率的比例还可以为4:6或3:7。
本申请提出的技术方案中，所述光学系统包括沿光线传输方向依次包括显示单元10、第一透镜20、第一相位延迟器、第二透镜30以及光阑40，所述显示单元10发出的入射光线依次经过所述第一透镜20、所述第一相位延迟器后变为第一线偏振光，所述第一线偏振光经过所述第三表面31传输至所述第四表面32后，由于所述第四表面32的偏振反射膜的反射方向与所述第一线偏振光的偏振方向相同，所述第一线偏振光在所述第四表面32发生反射，再次经过所述第一相位延迟器后，所述第一线偏振光转变为第一圆偏振光，所述第一圆偏振光在所述第一表面21发生反射，所述第一圆偏振光变为第二圆偏振光，所述第二圆偏振光的旋性与所述第一圆偏振光的旋性相反，所述第二圆偏振光在经过所述第一相位延迟器后变为第二线偏振光，所述第二线偏振光的偏振方向与所述第一线偏振光的偏振方向相互垂直，并与所述偏振反射膜的透射方向相同，因此所述第二线偏振光在传输至所述第四表面32时，从所述第四表面32透过并传输至所述光阑40。所述入射光线在所述第一透镜20与所述第二透镜30之间发生两次反射，通过反射的方式增加了所述入射光线在所述光学系统内的光程，从而在放大所述显示单元10的同时减小所述光学系统的体积，进而减小所述虚拟现实设备的体积，解决现有技术中由于光学系统体积较大，导致虚拟现实设备的体积较大，用户佩戴的舒适度低的问题。
优选的，所述第一相位延迟器为第一1/4波片，所述第一1/4波片的中心 波长与所述入射光线的波长相等。
在一些可选的实施方式中，所述偏振反射膜的反射方向与所述第一线偏振光的偏振方向相同，所述偏振反射膜的透射方向与所述第二线偏振光的偏振方向相同。具体的，当所述偏振反射膜的反射方向与所述第一线偏振光的偏振方向不相同时，所述第一线偏振光在经过所述偏振反射膜时会出现部分透射部分反射，从而降低了所述第一线偏振光的传递效率，另外，所述第一线偏振光的透射部分与所述第二线偏振光传输至所述光阑40，会造成用户观察到的图像出现重影，影响用户的观察体验。当所述偏振反射膜的透射方向与所述第二线偏振光的透射方向不相同时，会降低所述第二线偏振光的透过率，从而降低所述入射光线在所述光学系统中的传递效率。
在一些可选的实施方式中，所述光学系统满足如下关系：100mm≤ABS(R1)≤200mm；所述R1为所述第二表面22的曲率半径。其中，当所述第二表面22为非球面时，所述第二表面22的曲率半径为非球面顶点的曲率半径。
在一些可选的实施方式中，所述光学系统满足如下关系：500≤ABS(R2)≤1000；所述R2为所述第四表面32的曲率半径。其中，当所述第四表面32为非球面时，所述第四表面32的曲率半径为非球面顶点的曲率半径。
在一些可选的实施方式中，所述显示单元10的中心垂线、所述第一透镜20的光轴、所述第二透镜30的光轴、所述第一相位延迟器的光轴以及所述光阑40的中心垂线共线。所述光学系统满足如下关系：15mm≤T1≤20mm；12.5mm≤T2≤15mm；所述T1为所述显示单元10的中心到所述第四表面32的中心的距离，所述T2为所述第四表面32的中心到所述光阑40的中心的距离。
在一些可选的实施方式中，所述光学系统满足如下关系：1mm≤L1≤5mm；3mm≤L2≤8mm；1mm≤L3≤4mm；3mm≤L4≤8mm；所述L1为所述显示单元10的中心到所述第一表面21的中心的距离，所述L2为所述第一透镜20的中心厚度；所述L3为所述第二表面22的中心到所述第三表面31的中心的 距离，所述L4为所述第二透镜30的中心厚度。
在一些可选的实施方式中，所述光学系统满足如下关系：0.15≤L1/T1≤0.2；0.3≤L2/T1≤0.4；0.15≤L3/T1≤0.2；0.3≤L4/T1≤0.35；所述L1为所述显示单元10的中心到所述第一表面21的中心的距离，所述L2为所述第一透镜20的中心厚度；所述L3为所述第二表面22的中心到所述第三表面31的中心的距离，所述L4为所述第二透镜30的中心厚度；所述T1为所述显示单元10的中心到所述第四表面32的中心的距离。
在一些可选的实施方式中，所述光学系统满足如下关系：5*f≤f2≤10*f；10*f≤f2≤15*f；10mm≤f≤f2≤f1；1≤f/T1≤1.5；所述f为所述光学系统的整体焦距，所述f1为所述第一透镜20的焦距，所述f2为所述第二透镜30的焦距，所述T1为所述显示单元10的中心到所述第四表面32的中心的距离。
请参照图2，在一些可选的实施方式中，当所述显示单元20发出的入射光线为线偏振光时，所述光学系统还包括第二相位延迟器50，所述第二相位延迟器50设于所述显示单元10与所述第一透镜20之间，用于将所述显示单元10发出的所述入射光线从线偏振光转变为圆偏振光。优选的，所述第二相位延迟器为第二1/4波片，所述第二1/4波片的中心波长与所述入射光线的波长相等。
在一些可选的实施方式中，所述第一表面21与所述第三表面31为非球面。具体实施方式中，非球面结构相比于球面结构，能够有效地减小所述光学系统的球差与畸变，从而减少所述光学系统中透镜的个数以及减小透镜的尺寸。
在一些可选的实施方式中，所述光阑40用于控制光线通过，调节射出所述光学系统的光通量，同时减少其他透镜经过反射产生的杂散光干扰。
在第一实施例中，光学系统设计数据如下表1所示：
表1
Figure PCTCN2019129181-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2019129181-appb-000002
所述第一实施例中，各参数如下所述：
ABS(R1)＝158.82mm，ABS(R2)＝509.52mm；
f1＝412.55mm，f2＝198.11mm，f＝28.62mm；
T2＝13.0mm，T1＝20mm；
L1＝3.23mm，L2＝7.0mm，L3＝3.64mm，L4＝6.3mm；
那么L1/T1＝0.1615，L2/T1＝0.35，L3/T1＝0.182，L4/T1＝0.315；
其中，所述第二表面22与所述第四表面32可以为偶次非球面结构，其中，所述偶次非球面满足以下关系：
Figure PCTCN2019129181-appb-000003
其中，Y为镜面中心高度，z为非球面结构沿光轴方向在高度为Y的位置，以表面顶点作参考距光轴的位移值，C为非球面的顶点曲率半径，K为圆锥系数；αi表示第i次的非球面系数。
于另一实施例中，所述第二表面22与所述第四表面32也可以为奇次非球面结构，其中，所述奇次非球面满足以下关系：
Figure PCTCN2019129181-appb-000004
其中，Y为镜面中心高度，z为非球面结构沿光轴方向在高度为Y的位置，以表面顶点作参考距光轴的位移值，C为非球面的顶点曲率半径，K为圆锥系数；βi表示第i次的非球面系数。
请参照图3，图3为第一实施例的点列图，其中点列图是指由一点发出的许多光线经光学系统后，因像差使其与像面的交点不再集中于同一点，而形成了一个散布在一定范围的弥散图形，用于评价所述投影光学系统的成像质 量。在所述第一实施例中，所述点列图中像点的最大值与最大视场相对应，所述点列图中像点的最大值为小于60μm。
请参照图4，图4为第一实施例的场曲与光学畸变图，其中，场曲用于表示不同视场点的光束像点离开像面的位置变化，光学畸变是指某一视场主波长时的主光线与像面交点离开理想像点的垂轴距离；在所述第一实施例中，在切线面以及弧矢面的场曲均小于±2mm，且切线面与弧矢面的最大场曲差异小于2mm，其中最大畸变为最大视场处，最大畸变＜46％。
请参照图5，图5为第一实施例的垂轴色差图，其中，垂轴色差是指又称为倍率色差，主要是指物方的一根复色主光线，因折射系统存在色散，在像方出射时变成多根光线，氢蓝光与氢红光在像面上的焦点位置的差值；在所述第一实施例中，所述光学系统的最大色散为所述光学系统的视场最大位置，所述光学系统的最大色差值小于290μm，配合后期的软件校正，可满足用户的需求。
在第一实施例中，所述显示单元10到所述第二透镜30的所述第四表面32长度为20mm，最大视场角为120度，并且所述光学系统的最大视场的光斑大小小于60μm，从而保证能够清晰成像，在满足用户观看体验的前提下，通过折叠光路的形式减小了所述光学系统的体积，从而减小所述虚拟现实设备的体积与重量，改善了用户的使用体验。
本发明还提出一种虚拟现实设备，所述虚拟现实设备包括如上述任一实施方式所述的光学系统，该光学系统的具体结构参照上述实施例，由于该光学系统采用了上述所有实施例的全部技术方案，因此至少具有上述实施例的技术方案所带来的所有有益效果，在此不再一一赘述。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是在本发明的发明构思下，利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种光学系统，其特征在于，所述光学系统沿光线传输方向依次包括显示单元、第一透镜、第一相位延迟器、第二透镜以及光阑，其中，
    所述第一透镜包括凸向物方设置的第一表面以及凹向像方设置的第二表面；
    所述第二透镜包括凸向物方设置的第三表面以及凹向像方设置的第四表面；
    所述第一表面设有分光膜；
    所述第四表面设有偏振反射膜；
    所述显示单元到所述第四表面的中心的距离小于或等于20mm；
    所述显示单元发出的入射光线从所述第一表面进入所述第一透镜，并从所述第二表面射出所述第一透镜，所述入射光线在经过所述第一相位延迟器后变为第一线偏振光，所述第一线偏振光从所述第三表面进入所述第二透镜，并在所述第四表面反射后，从所述第三表面射出所述第二透镜，所述第一线偏振光在经过所述第一相位延迟器后变为第一圆偏振光，所述第一圆偏振光从所述第二表面进入所述第一透镜后，在所述第一表面反射后变为第二圆偏振光，所述第二圆偏振光与所述第一圆偏振光的旋性相反，所述第二圆偏振光再次经过所述第一相位延迟器后变为第二线偏振光，所述第二线偏振光在经过所述第三表面进入第二透镜后，从所述第四表面射出所述第二透镜，并传输至所述光阑。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的光学系统，其特征在于，所述偏振反射膜的反射方向与所述第一线偏振光的偏振方向相同，所述偏振反射膜的透射方向与所述第二线偏振光的偏振方向相同。
  3. 如权利要求1-2任一项所述的光学系统，其特征在于，所述第一相位延迟器为1/4波片。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的光学系统，其特征在于，所述光学系统满足如下 关系：100mm≤ABS(R1)≤200mm；500mm≤ABS(R2)≤1000mm；
    其中，所述R1为所述第二表面的曲率半径，所述R2为所述第四表面的曲率半径。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的光学系统，其特征在于，所述光学系统满足如下关系：15mm≤T1≤20mm；12.5mm≤T2≤15mm；
    其中，所述T1为所述显示单元的中心到所述第四表面的中心的距离，所述T2为所述第四表面的中心到所述光阑的中心的距离。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的光学系统，其特征在于，所述光学系统满足如下关系：1mm≤L1≤5mm；3mm≤L2≤8mm；1mm≤L3≤4mm；3mm≤L4≤8mm；
    其中，所述L1为所述显示单元的中心到所述第一表面的中心的距离，所述L2为所述第一透镜的中心厚度；所述L3为所述第二表面的中心到所述第三表面的中心的距离，所述L4为所述第二透镜的中心厚度。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的光学系统，其特征在于，所述光学系统满足如下关系：0.15≤L1/T1≤0.2；0.3≤L2/T1≤0.4；0.15≤L3/T1≤0.2；0.3≤L4/T1≤0.35；
    其中，所述L1为所述显示单元的中心到所述第一表面的中心的距离，所述L2为所述第一透镜的中心厚度；所述L3为所述第二表面的中心到所述第三表面的中心的距离，所述L4为所述第二透镜的中心厚度；所述T1为所述显示单元的中心到所述第四表面的中心的距离。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的光学系统，其特征在于，所述光学系统满足如下关系：5*f≤f2≤10*f；10*f≤f1≤15*f；10mm≤f≤f2≤f1；1≤f/T1≤1.5；
    其中，所述f为所述光学系统的整体焦距，所述f1为所述第一透镜的焦距，所述f2为所述第二透镜的焦距，所述T1为所述显示单元的中心到所述第四表面的中心的距离。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的光学系统，其特征在于，所述光学系统还包括第 二相位延迟器，所述第二延迟器设于所述显示单元与所述第一透镜之间。
  10. 一种虚拟现实设备，其特征在于，所述虚拟现实设备包括如权利要求1-9任一项所述的光学系统。
PCT/CN2019/129181 2019-04-30 2019-12-27 光学系统及具有其的虚拟现实设备 WO2020220711A1 (zh)

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