WO2020220653A1 - 一种气动热环保厕具、安装方法及其应用 - Google Patents

一种气动热环保厕具、安装方法及其应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020220653A1
WO2020220653A1 PCT/CN2019/120171 CN2019120171W WO2020220653A1 WO 2020220653 A1 WO2020220653 A1 WO 2020220653A1 CN 2019120171 W CN2019120171 W CN 2019120171W WO 2020220653 A1 WO2020220653 A1 WO 2020220653A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
environmental protection
processor
receiver
hot air
toilet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/120171
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曲伟
艾邦成
俞继军
Original Assignee
中国航天空气动力技术研究院
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 filed Critical 中国航天空气动力技术研究院
Priority to JP2022509738A priority Critical patent/JP7185806B2/ja
Priority to US17/606,465 priority patent/US11849889B2/en
Publication of WO2020220653A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020220653A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47K—SANITARY EQUIPMENT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; TOILET ACCESSORIES
    • A47K11/00—Closets without flushing; Urinals without flushing; Chamber pots; Chairs with toilet conveniences or specially adapted for use with toilets
    • A47K11/02—Dry closets, e.g. incinerator closets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D11/00—Other component parts of water-closets, e.g. noise-reducing means in the flushing system, flushing pipes mounted in the bowl, seals for the bowl outlet, devices preventing overflow of the bowl contents; devices forming a water seal in the bowl after flushing, devices eliminating obstructions in the bowl outlet or preventing backflow of water and excrements from the waterpipe
    • E03D11/02—Water-closet bowls ; Bowls with a double odour seal optionally with provisions for a good siphonic action; siphons as part of the bowl
    • E03D11/11—Bowls combined with a reservoir, e.g. containing apparatus for disinfecting or for disintegrating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D5/00—Special constructions of flushing devices, e.g. closed flushing system
    • E03D5/012—Special constructions of flushing devices, e.g. closed flushing system combined with movable closure elements in the bowl outlet
    • E03D5/014—Special constructions of flushing devices, e.g. closed flushing system combined with movable closure elements in the bowl outlet with devices for separate removal of liquids and solids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D9/00—Sanitary or other accessories for lavatories ; Devices for cleaning or disinfecting the toilet room or the toilet bowl; Devices for eliminating smells
    • E03D9/04—Special arrangement or operation of ventilating devices
    • E03D9/05—Special arrangement or operation of ventilating devices ventilating the bowl
    • E03D9/052—Special arrangement or operation of ventilating devices ventilating the bowl using incorporated fans
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pneumatic thermal environmental protection toilet, an installation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of environmental protection and energy saving.
  • the existing "waterless toilets” generally refer to toilets without water tanks.
  • the working principle of this kind of waterless toilet is to make full use of the water pressure of city tap water and apply the principle of fluid mechanics to intelligently distinguish the amount of stool in the toilet, and then rationally use the corresponding water volume to flush, so that the flushing water volume and the flushing kinetic energy are cleverly Match, the water saving effect can reach more than 50%, so it is not really anhydrous.
  • This kind of "waterless toilet” should be called “water-saving toilet”
  • Figures 5-15 of P134 are "the schematic diagram of the internal structure of the space shuttle combined toilet", which uses a two-way receiver structure. One way is air, urine and washing water; the other way is air flow and solid waste. Many aspects of the latter are specially designed for space microgravity, and the structure adopted is extremely complex, which is not suitable for the ground. Examples are as follows: (a) The solid-state receiver adopts an "ellipsoidal shape” structure, which is complicated to manufacture and process, and the cost is extremely high.
  • the lower part of the center adopts a "motor-driven thrower” mechanism, and a series of “hinged” blades are used on the thrower to spread out to cut up solid waste and deposit it into the "sandwich” on the inner wall of the toilet.
  • the structure of the sandwich is complicated; the thrower adopts the “articulation method” to connect the turntable and the blade, which is complicated to manufacture; the hinged blade in the picture adopts a nearly “parallelogram", hinged needle knife, and uses "end hook”. It is not conducive to cutting and discharging solid waste with a certain viscosity at a low motor ground speed; the edge of the turntable is straight. If the turntable does not rotate and there is liquid waste to the edge, the liquid waste will flow inward to the motor shaft .
  • “Environmental protection waterless toilet” (CN107802200A) adopts the structure of "liquid buffer tank” and “solid treatment cylinder” receiver, and is equipped with a motor rotating cutting and crushing device.
  • the odor removal device of this structure is missing.
  • the patent states that "through a one-way valve or a one-way valve can effectively prevent the occurrence of off-flavor phenomena", which can only prevent "anti-odor” but cannot achieve "no odor”.
  • the shape of the cavity structure is more complicated, the inner and outer shells of the same cross section are too many, and the number of cavities is too large (such as 3, 4, 13, 14, 15, 16, etc.).
  • the cavity wall has a cylindrical or tapered shape. , Irregular surface shape.
  • the solid treatment cylinder adopts the heating method of drying and heating with an electric heating wire wound on the outer surface.
  • the thermal inertia is large.
  • the heat capacity of the cylinder wall needs to absorb a large amount of heat first.
  • the solid waste is only heated by heat conduction, and the solid waste in contact with the inner wall of the cylinder accounts for With a very small area ratio, the heating and drying efficiency of solid waste is low.
  • a "vertical connecting plate" is arranged between the outer separation cylinder and the inner separation disc, which has a complicated structure, difficult welding and high cost.
  • Anhydrous toilet (CN104127151B), using a urine treatment system, a fecal crushing part and a drying part, the defects of this anhydrous toilet are as follows: (a) The high temperature will evaporate the liquid in urine and feces, because urine The middle water accounts for the majority, this method will consume a lot of heat and electricity. (b) The crushing and conveying device is too complicated, difficult to manufacture, and costly.
  • the "crushing chamber” includes the “crushing cavity, axle, and motor”; the “conveying device” includes the “conveying cavity, the first turbine, and the second Turbine, second drive shaft, third drive shaft and transmission motor”.
  • the “rapid solid waste decomposition and treatment device” uses the “vacuum and microwave” drying method to process solid waste into sterile and odorless "dry tablets”.
  • the analysis is as follows.
  • the "vacuum” method requires additional vacuum equipment and a large investment; additional pumping is required to form the processing time of the vacuum chamber, and the processing time lags much.
  • the number of pumps and motors is also too large, such as "solid-liquid separation 2", “screw 7", “sewage 8", “water 12", “motor 36”, “vacuum 22", etc., which are expensive.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art and provide a pneumatic thermal environmentally friendly toilet, which uses the principle of pneumatic heat to achieve no peculiar smell, good toilet experience, simple structure, low cost, and solid waste Drying, crushing, solid-liquid separation, regular production of organic fertilizers such as solid slag and liquid, the construction or transformation of toilets are cheap, easy to clean and maintain, and consumes little power. In addition to regular cleaning, a small amount is necessary Outside water, absolute water-free toilets can be realized.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for installing a pneumatic thermal environmentally friendly toilet.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an application of a pneumatic thermal environmentally friendly toilet.
  • a pneumatic thermal environmental protection toilet including a receiver, a processor, a solid storage device, a liquid storage device and a drying device, wherein the receiver, the processor, the solid storage device and the liquid storage device are connected in sequence, and a crushing mechanism is arranged inside the processor ,
  • the drying device is connected with the receiver, and the generated hot air flow enters the processor through the receiver.
  • the excrement falls through the receiver to the crushing mechanism of the processor, and the liquid in the excrement directly passes through the storage
  • the solids in the excrement enter the solid storage after the drying treatment of the hot air flow and the crushing treatment of the crushing mechanism.
  • the hot air enters the hot air channel and exits through the end of the hot air channel. The tuyere is discharged outward.
  • the pneumatic thermal environmental protection toilet also includes an appliance connected with the receiver for people to use the toilet; the appliance includes a squatting appliance or a seat appliance.
  • the receiver has a cavity structure, and the cavity structure is provided with a receiving guide with a gradually decreasing inner diameter from top to bottom.
  • the receiving guide is used for receiving excrement and the outer wall of the receiving guide
  • An annular porous plate is arranged between the inner wall of the cavity structure.
  • the longitudinal section of the receiving guide is a trapezoid; the center line of the receiving guide coincides with the center line of the centrifugal turntable in the crushing mechanism.
  • the outlet of the drying device is located on the upper part of the annular perforated plate, and the annular perforated plate plays the role of throttling and diversion, so that the hot air generated by the drying device flows downward.
  • a crushing mechanism is provided inside the processor, and the crushing mechanism includes a motor, a centrifugal turntable and a cutting member.
  • the cutting member is provided on the centrifugal turntable.
  • the turntable is located above the hot air passage, and the size of the centrifugal turntable is designed to at least completely cover the hot air passage entrance.
  • the edge of the centrifugal turntable is provided with an annular baffle; the angle between the bus bar of the annular baffle and the plane of the centrifugal turntable is 30-150°.
  • the cutting member includes a cutter and a wire cutter.
  • a first fixing rod is provided between the inner wall of the processor cavity structure and the outer wall forming the hot air passage, and a second fixing rod is provided between the motor and the inner wall forming the hot air passage.
  • the solid storage and the liquid storage are in a ring-shaped cavity structure with matching shapes, and a hot air flow channel is formed inside, and is connected with the hot air flow channel formed inside the processor to form a complete Hot air channel.
  • the bottom of the annular cavity of the reservoir is provided with a through hole for passing liquid; the bottom of the annular cavity of the reservoir is a closed structure.
  • the drying device includes a fan, a hot air duct and an air heater, the air heater is arranged inside the hot air duct, and the fan is in communication with the hot air duct.
  • a trigger button is also included. After a person goes to the toilet, the trigger button is activated, the drying device and the crushing mechanism are turned on to dry and crush the solids in the excrement.
  • a time relay is also included, and the time relay is connected with the trigger key to realize delay control.
  • the pneumatic thermal environmental protection toilet further includes a locking device which locks and fixes the receiver, the processor, the storage device and the liquid storage device in a circumferential direction after installation.
  • the locking device includes a locking rod and a plurality of fixing parts, and the plurality of fixing parts are respectively installed on the receiver, the processor, the storage device and the liquid storage.
  • a fixing groove is opened on the upper part to cooperate with the locking rod to realize the circumferential locking of the toilet.
  • a fixed connection or a movable connection is adopted between the receiver and the processor, and a movable connection is adopted between the processor and the storage device, and between the storage device and the liquid storage device.
  • the movable connecting device includes a side ear and a fixed hook.
  • the fixed hook of one device is connected to the side ear hook of the other device.
  • a flat interface, an outer inner card interface, an inner and outer card interface, an outer inner cone interface, or an inner and outer cone interface are adopted between the end faces of the receiver, the processor, the storage device, and the liquid reservoir. Interface form.
  • the receiver, the processor, the solid storage and the liquid storage are integrally arranged on or under the ground.
  • the air outlet is connected with the air outlet through a pipe, and an exhaust fan is installed at the outlet of the air outlet.
  • a method for installing a pneumatic thermal environmental protection toilet including the following steps:
  • a locking device is used to lock and fix the installed receiver, processor, storage device and liquid storage device.
  • the installation tool is used to realize the connection or removal of the reservoir and the fixed air outlet, the connection or removal of the processor and the receiver, the connection or removal of the storage device and the processor, and the liquid reservoir.
  • the installation tool includes a rod body, a holding arc and at least one handle, wherein the holding arc is arranged at one end of the rod, and the handle is arranged at the other end of the rod and/or between the two ends
  • the holding arc has an arc-shaped structure, and both ends are provided with an upturned hook, the holding arc is matched with the device body, and the upturned hook is matched with the side ear of the device.
  • the rod body is a bent structure or a linear structure; the rod body and the holding arc are connected by a connecting pair, and the connecting pair is a T-shaped structure used between the rod body and the holding arc Fixed and increase strength.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the pneumatic thermal environmental protection toilet provided by the present invention is composed of a receiver, a processor, a solid storage device, a liquid reservoir and a drying device.
  • the toilet utilizes the principle of exhaust and pneumatic heat to achieve no peculiar smell, and not only can It meets the requirements for a good experience of toilet users, and can regularly produce organic fertilizers such as solid slag and liquid.
  • the price of construction or transformation of toilets is low, which is easy to clean and maintain, and consumes little power.
  • a small amount of water is necessary to achieve absolute water-free toilets;
  • the present invention can realize a toilet with no peculiar smell.
  • the exhaust fan is used to pump a small amount of air in each cavity of the toilet, and the source of peculiar smell is controlled in one direction; after a person goes to the toilet, trigger The waste disposal button, the hot air flow downwards, has the effect of injecting the air above the lower cone of the guide of the receiver, and also realizes the one-way control of the odor source, and still achieves the requirement of no odor;
  • the toilet of the present invention realizes the effective separation of solid and liquid waste. After the liquid waste reaches the crushing mechanism, it naturally drips on the edge of the crushing mechanism, preferably on the baffle of the turntable, and enters the liquid storage through the storage device. When the solid waste is processed, it is actively air-dried and shredded by the hot air flow, and separated to the solid storage by centrifugal force. The solid storage and the liquid storage are cleaned regularly to realize the effective separation of solid slag and liquid and other organic fertilizers;
  • the present invention truly realizes waterless toilets, except that a small amount of water is required for regular cleaning and surface cleaning for a long time, and the toilets do not need water during normal use;
  • the present invention consumes less electricity, only the drying device and crushing mechanism need to consume a small amount of electricity, which saves energy and reduces costs;
  • the toilet device of the present invention can be designed and constructed under the ground, and can also be built on the ground to support and take and place the space structure.
  • the cost of construction or transformation is low.
  • the receiver and the processor are relatively fixed to the ground.
  • the solid storage and the liquid storage can be moved, it is convenient to collect, take out, and then put it in, which is convenient for cleaning and maintenance.
  • the connection between the receiver, the processor, the solid storage and the liquid storage is simple and effective. Sealing method, and easy to disassemble;
  • the toilet appliance of the present invention has a wide application range, and can be applied in rural and remote areas, space, cities, parks, and scenic spots, and can be connected to the outside with squatting appliances and seating appliances;
  • the present invention has ingeniously designed the various components of the toilet to optimize the structural performance.
  • the bottom of the storage device adopts a mesh structure, which can not only hold the solid debris, but also facilitate the flow of liquid waste.
  • the toilet utensils of the present invention have high drying efficiency.
  • the solid waste including toilet paper is shredded and dispersed in the hot air flow of the processor.
  • the contact area between solid and air is large and sufficient, and the air drying time is short and dry. Good effect
  • the toilet appliance of the present invention can achieve the secondary drying effect.
  • the broken ballast that enters the storage container will be poured and passed by the liquid discharged by subsequent toilet users, and the hot air flow will be impacted and turned back here.
  • "Secondary drying” is produced, which is similar to the process of drying hair, which will ensure that the solid waste residue can still reach the required dryness of non-sticking and easy to pour out when the container is nearly full;
  • the present invention specially designs an ergonomic toilet tool installation and disassembly tool, which enables the operator to maintain a long distance between the face and the reservoir or the liquid reservoir during operation, which is comfortable to hold and easy to disassemble and assemble. Convenience.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pneumatic thermal environmentally friendly toilet according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the receiver and the drying device in the pneumatic thermal environmental protection toilet of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the processor structure in the pneumatic thermal environmental protection toilet of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the solid storage device in the pneumatic thermal environmental protection toilet of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the liquid reservoir in the pneumatic thermal environmental protection toilet of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the locking and unlocking state of the receiver, the processor, the storage device and the liquid storage by the locking device of the present invention
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the side ear, the fixing hook and the fixing member of the present invention, wherein Fig. 7a is a schematic diagram of the fixing hook, Fig. 7b is a schematic diagram of the side ear, and Fig. 7c is a schematic diagram of the fixing member;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of several end-face connection forms of two adjacent devices of the present invention
  • Figure 8a shows that two adjacent devices are flat interface diagrams
  • Figure 8b shows that two adjacent devices are external and internal card interface diagrams
  • Figure 8c Indicates that two adjacent devices are internal and external card interface diagrams
  • Figure 8d shows that two adjacent devices are external and internal cone interface diagrams
  • Figure 8e shows that two adjacent devices are internal and external cone interface diagrams
  • Figure 9 is a three-way view of the installation tool of the present invention, wherein Figure 9a is a front view, Figure 9b is a side view, and Figure 9c is a top view;
  • Figure 10 is a flow chart of the installation of a pneumatic thermal environmentally friendly toilet according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pneumatic thermal environmentally friendly toilet set of the present invention. It can be seen from the figure that the pneumatic thermal environmentally friendly toilet set of the present invention includes a receiver 1, a processor 2, a solid reservoir 3, a liquid reservoir 4 and a drying device, and the receiver 1 , The processor 2, the solid storage device 3 and the liquid storage device 4 are connected in turn from top to bottom. The drying device is connected to the receiver 1.
  • Each component can be designed under the ground or on the ground, for example, on the ground Build a support and take-and-place space structure, in which the receiver 1 and the processor 2 are relatively fixed to the ground, and the solid storage 3 and the liquid storage 4 can be moved for easy collection, removal, and re-insertion.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the receiver and the drying device in the pneumatic thermal environmentally friendly toilet set of the present invention.
  • the pneumatic thermal environmentally friendly toilet set of the present invention also includes an appliance connected to the receiver 1 for people to use the toilet, for example, the appliance It can be a normal squatting appliance or a seat appliance.
  • Figure 2 shows a diagram of the squatting appliance or seat appliance connected to the receiver 1, where 25 represents the squatting appliance or seat appliance, 26 represents the squatting foot elevation, and 27 Represents the seat foot surface, 28 represents the wall.
  • the receiver 1 and the squatting appliance or the seating appliance 25 are connected by an interface flange, and the interface flange is preferably fastened with multiple studs and nuts, and the surface gaps are sealed with waterproof and heat-proof sealant.
  • the receiver 1 is a cavity structure.
  • the cavity structure is provided with a receiving guide 11 with a gradually decreasing inner diameter from top to bottom.
  • the receiving guide 11 is used to receive human excrement (including solid feces, toilet paper) after going to the toilet. And liquid urine, etc.), the small end face of the receiving guide 11 can be designed to be equivalent to the diameter of a conventional toilet throat.
  • the longitudinal section of the receiving guide 11 is trapezoidal, preferably an isosceles trapezoid, and preferably The center line of the receiving guide 11 coincides with the center line of the centrifugal turntable 17 in the crushing mechanism of the processor 2, so that the excrement can fall directly above the crushing mechanism.
  • An annular perforated plate 12 is arranged between the outer wall of the receiving guide 11 and the inner wall of the cavity structure, and the openings on the annular perforated plate 12 are uniform holes or non-uniform holes.
  • the cavity structure of the receiver 1 has holes on the side wall of the cavity structure and communicates with the outlet of the drying device.
  • the outlet of the drying device is located on the upper part of the annular perforated plate 12.
  • the annular perforated plate 12 plays a role of throttling and diversion to make the hot air flow generated by the drying device flow Down flow.
  • the drying device includes a fan 5, a hot air duct 6 and an air heater 7, wherein the air heater 7 is arranged inside the hot air duct 6, the fan 5 is in communication with the hot air duct 6, and the air heater 7 generates hot air flow.
  • the fan 5 is fed into the receiver 1.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic diagram of the processor structure in the pneumatic thermal environmental protection toilet of the present invention.
  • the processor 2 is a cavity structure that matches the shape of the receiver 1, and a crushing mechanism is arranged inside.
  • the crushing mechanism includes a motor 13, a centrifugal turntable 17, and The cutting piece, wherein the cutting piece is arranged on the centrifugal turntable 17, the centrifugal turntable 17 is connected to the motor 13, and the centrifugal turntable 17 is located above the hot air flow channel 70, and the size of the centrifugal turntable 17 is designed to at least completely cover the inlet of the hot air flow channel 70 to ensure drainage The liquid and solid in the substance do not fall into the hot air flow channel 70 after passing through the centrifugal turntable 17.
  • the edge of the centrifugal turntable 17 is provided with an annular baffle 71 (similar to a short skirt), and the included angle between the generatrix of the annular baffle 71 and the plane of the centrifugal turntable 17 is between 30° and 150°, preferably 90°, the annular baffle 71 It can be formed by bending the edge of the centrifugal turntable 17 downward, or can be separately arranged to realize the downward guiding of the liquid waste and prevent the solid waste and liquid waste from entering the downward hot air flow channel 70.
  • the motor 13 is connected to the centrifugal turntable 17 through a rotating shaft.
  • the cutting part includes a cutter 19 and a wire cutter 20, preferably two cutters 19 and two wire cutters 20.
  • the motor 13 is protected by an external shell, and the motor 13 is protected by the motor wire
  • the outlet tube 35 is connected to an external power source.
  • a second fixing rod 15 is provided between the motor housing and the inner wall of the hot air passage 70 for connection and fixing.
  • a second fixing rod 15 is provided between the outer wall of the hot air passage 70 and the inner wall of the processor 2 cavity structure.
  • a fixed rod 16 is connected and fixed.
  • the material of the centrifugal turntable 17 can be selected from metals such as stainless steel, copper, aluminum, iron with anti-corrosion treatment, or hard plastic, etc., preferably low-cost, easy-to-process aluminum and hard plastic.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reservoir in the pneumatic thermal environmental protection toilet of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reservoir in the pneumatic thermal environmental protection toilet of the present invention
  • the reservoir 3 and the reservoir 4 are A ring-shaped cavity structure with matching shapes
  • a hot air channel is formed inside the center, and is connected with a part of the hot air channel formed inside the processor 2 to form a complete hot air channel 70.
  • a third fixing rod 36 is provided between the inner wall of the cavity structure of the reservoir 3 and the outer wall of the hot air flow channel, and the bottom of the annular cavity of the reservoir 3 is provided with a through hole for the passage of liquid.
  • a device may be used.
  • a perforated plate or support rod with more through holes and a wire mesh structure as shown in Figure 4, preferably a support rod and wire mesh structure, which is a ring-shaped screen 37 with inner and outer vertical edges, with a diameter of 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
  • a support rod and wire mesh structure which is a ring-shaped screen 37 with inner and outer vertical edges, with a diameter of 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
  • the bottom of the accumulator 4 is movably connected by a ring-shaped rubber ring 42 with the same caliber as the inner diameter of the hot air channel 70.
  • the ring-shaped rubber ring 42 is bonded and fixed to the upper flange of the air outlet 8, so that the accumulator 4 can move between the inner cylinder 23 and the air outlet 8 and have an air flow sealing function.
  • the annular rubber ring 42 is preferably a triangular cross-section ring rubber ring.
  • the receiver 1, the processor 2, the reservoir 3, and the reservoir 4 are each provided with connecting pieces.
  • the outer wall of the cavity structure of the receiver 1 is provided with side ears 29, fixing pieces 31, and lock rods.
  • the outer wall of the cavity structure of the processor 2 is provided with side ears 32, a fixing hook 34 and a fixing member 33.
  • the outer wall of the cavity structure of the holder 3 is provided with side ears 39 .
  • the fixing hook 41 and the fixing member 40 as shown in FIG. 5, the outer wall of the cavity structure of the reservoir 4 is provided with a side ear 44, a fixing hook 43 and a fixing member 46.
  • the side ears are half I-shaped, and 2 to 4 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the device;
  • the fixed hooks have a bent structure, similar to a "7" shape, and are hooked to the side ears by rotating circumferentially, that is, connected Of the two devices, the fixing hook of one device is connected with the corresponding ear of the other device; there are 2 to 4 fixing hooks, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the device;
  • the fixing part is provided with fixing grooves for clamping and locking rod
  • the locking rod 47 is hinged with the hinge hole, so as to lock the receiver 1, the processor 2, the reservoir 3 and the liquid reservoir 4 circumferentially.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the side ear, the fixing hook and the fixing member of the present invention, wherein Fig. 7a is a three-way view of the fixing hook, Fig. 7b is a three-way view of the side ear, and Fig. 7c is a three-way view of the fixing member.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the locking and unlocking state of the receiver 1, the processor 2, the reservoir 3 and the reservoir 4 by the locking device of the present invention.
  • the locking device includes a locking rod 47 and a number of fixing parts.
  • the four fixing parts are respectively installed on the receiver 1, the processor 2, the storage device 3, and the liquid tank 4.
  • Each fixing part is provided with a fixing groove for connecting with the locking rod. 47 cooperate to realize the locking of the toilet, the locking position is 48, the unlocking position is 49, the end of the locking rod 47 is matched with the double hinge hole of the flange through the flattened hole, and the screw is inserted into the matching nut. Realize articulation.
  • Figure 8 shows a schematic diagram of several end-face connection forms of two adjacent devices of the present invention.
  • Figure 8a shows that two adjacent devices are flat interfaces 50
  • Figure 8b shows that two adjacent devices are external and internal card interfaces 51.
  • Fig. 8c shows that two adjacent devices are the inner and outer card interface 52
  • Fig. 8d shows that the two adjacent devices are the outer inner cone interface 53
  • Fig. 8e shows that the adjacent two devices are the inner and outer cone interface 54.
  • the connection form of the external and internal card interface 51 or the internal and external card interface 52 is preferable, and the sealing performance is better.
  • a fixed connection or a movable connection is adopted between the receiver 1 and the processor 2.
  • the fixed connection adopts a detachable and strengthened fastening connection.
  • the upper and lower components are equipped with interface matching flanges, and bolts and nuts are used for locking and fixing to eliminate motor work
  • the movable connection can be connected by simple hook and movable connection.
  • the processor 2 and the storage device 3, and between the storage device 3 and the liquid storage device 4 adopt simple hook and movable connection, and then cooperate with the locking rod. Each connection part is locked.
  • the toilet device of the present invention also includes a trigger button and a time relay.
  • the time relay is connected with the trigger button to realize delay control.
  • the trigger button can be set on the toilet device body or separated from the toilet device, which is convenient for people to start after going to the toilet. After using the toilet, activate the trigger button to achieve a fixed time to turn on the drying device and crushing mechanism to quickly dry and crush the solids in the excrement, and even store the fertilizer. It only takes 10-20 seconds to complete the start and stop of a waste treatment , Does not affect the next person to go to the toilet, you can open the drying device and the crushing mechanism at the same time, or you can control to turn on the drying device first, generate hot air and send it out, and then turn on the crushing mechanism.
  • the time relay can be connected to the same power source with the drying device and the motor, simplifying the structure.
  • the working process of the toilet of the present invention is as follows:
  • the trigger button After the person goes to the toilet, activate the trigger button to turn on the drying device and the crushing mechanism.
  • the hot air generated by the drying device enters the processor 2 through the receiver 1, the bottom of the centrifugal turntable 17 and the annular space on the top of the air duct wall of the processor 2
  • the excrement produced by people after going to the toilet including solid waste (feces, toilet paper, etc.) and liquid waste (urine, etc.)
  • the liquid in the excrement directly passes through the screen at the bottom of the solid storage 3 and enters the liquid storage 4.
  • the present invention uses the installation tool shown in FIG. 9 for the components of the processor 2, the reservoir 3 and the reservoir 4 of the toilet, especially when installing and disassembling the reservoir 3 and the reservoir 4, It not only makes the installation or disassembly more convenient, but also keeps the reservoir 3 and the liquid reservoir 4 at a certain distance from the operator.
  • Fig. 9 is a three-way view of the installation and disassembly tool specially designed for the toilet of the present invention.
  • Figure 9a is a front view
  • Figure 9b is a side view
  • Figure 9c is a top view
  • the installation tool includes a rod body 55, an arc 57 and at least one handle 59, wherein the arc 57 is arranged at one end of the rod 55, and the handle 59 is arranged on the rod.
  • the other end of 55 and/or between the two ends, the holding arc 57 has an arc structure, and both ends are provided with an upturned hook 56.
  • the holding arc 57 is matched with the device body, and the upturned hook 56 is connected to the device body. Side ear fit.
  • the rod body 55 has a rigid "double-bending" structure, which can be installed or disassembled to match the toilet fixtures under the ground.
  • the length can be adjusted according to the specific toilet fixture position. If the toilet fixtures are on the ground, the design can also eliminate the "double bending" As a straight rod, the upturned hook 56 is arranged at the front end of the holding arc 57.
  • the rod body 55 and the holding arc 57 are connected by a connecting pair 58.
  • the connecting pair 58 is a T-shaped structure to strengthen the fixing and connecting between the rod body 55 and the holding arc 57.
  • the first handle 59 and the second handle 60 are the grip positions of the operator's hands.
  • the holding arc 57 is matched with the body of the reservoir 3 or the reservoir 4, The radius of the holding arc 57 is slightly larger than the object to be held.
  • the installation method of the pneumatic thermal environmental protection toilet of the present invention is as follows:
  • a locking device is used to lock and fix the installed receiver 1, the processor 2, the reservoir 3, and the liquid reservoir 4.
  • the specific installation process includes the following steps:
  • step (3) hold the handle 59, hold up the storage device 3, align and contact with the bottom of the processor 2, rotate the storage device 3, so that the "7" shaped fixing hook 41 is hooked Half “I” shaped side ear 32.
  • Fig. 10 is the installation flow chart of the pneumatic thermal environmental protection toilet of the invention.
  • the toilet of the present invention uses an outlet exhaust fan to pump a small amount of air to each cavity of the toilet when no one is going to the toilet, and the source of peculiar smell is one-way controlled; after a person goes to the toilet, the waste processing button is triggered, and the hot air flows downward to the receiver
  • the air in the upper part of the lower cone has the ejection effect, and also realizes the one-way control of the odor source, and still achieves the requirement of no odor.

Abstract

本发明涉及一种气动热环保厕具、安装方法及其应用，该厕具由接收器、处理器、储固器、储液器和烘干装置构成，该厕具利用气动热原理实现无异味，无人如厕时，采用排出口风机对厕具各腔体少量抽气，异味源单向受控；人在如厕后，触发废物处理按钮，热气流向下，对接收器的接收导向器的下锥口上部的空气具有向下引射作用，同样实现了异味源单向受控，满足无异味要求，使如厕者体验佳，并且能定期产生固体碎渣和液体等有机肥料，此外厕具的建造或改造的成本低，便于清洁和维护，耗电量很少，除定期打扫卫生需必要少量的水外，可实现绝对的"无水厕具"。

Description

一种气动热环保厕具、安装方法及其应用
本申请要求于2019年4月28日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910351820.8、发明名称为“一种气动热环保厕具、安装方法及其应用”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种气动热环保厕具、安装方法及其应用，属于环保节能技术领域。
背景技术
市场上，现有的“无水马桶”一般指无水箱的马桶。这种无水马桶的工作原理是，充分利用城市自来水水压并应用流体力学原理，智能地可以辨别厕坑便量多少，再合理地利用相应的水量冲洗，使冲洗的水量和冲洗的动能巧妙匹配，节水效果可达50％以上，因此并不是真的无水。这种“无水马桶”应该称之为“节水马桶”
在一些农村和边远地区，露天厕所还大量存在，即所谓的“茅坑”，或“旱厕”。这些露天厕所除了搭建简单方便外，没有任何可取之处：污染土壤、污染地下水、废物处理难、如厕感受极差……。如果对这些厕所进行升级，基础设施不一定具备。建正常的水厕，需要水管路和下水管路的配套铺设，所需要的资金较多。另外，在偏远地区，缺水地区现实同样存在，“节水马桶”厕具仍难推广。
早期的太空飞行时间较短，航天员要带够足够数量的一次性粪便收集袋。在天上用收集袋采用“袋包的方法”来处理粪便。收集袋袋口有弹性松紧带，使用时张开松紧口使之固定于便器的开口端。便器衬筒的内壁的筒底开有一系列小孔，使用时通过与外筒相连的抽气管路抽气，形成一定的 负压，使用完毕撤出收集袋时，袋孔自动收紧。将盛有废物的收集袋置于外包装袋后投入特定的废物箱。
《载人航天器技术》(戚发轫，国防工业出版社，1999)中，P134的图5-15为“航天飞机组合式便器内部结构示意图”，采用了接收器两路结构。一路是空气、尿和冲洗水；另一路是空气流和固体废物。后者的很多方面专门为空间微重力设计，采用的结构极其复杂，不适用于地面，举例如下：(a)固态接收器采用“椭球形状”结构，制造加工复杂、成本超高。(b)中心下部采用“电机驱动抛掷器”机构，抛掷器上采用“铰接”的一系列刀片向外展开，切碎固态废物，并使之沉积到便器的内壁的“夹层”之中，“夹层”的结构复杂；抛掷器上采用“铰接方法”使转盘与刀片相接，制造复杂；图中铰接的刀片，采用近“平行四边形”、铰接的针刀，采用“端部带钩”，不利于在较低的电机地面转速下，对具有一定粘性的固体废物的切割和排离；转盘边缘平直，如果转盘不转，并有液体废物到边缘时，液体废物会向内流向电机轴。
“环保无水马桶”(CN107802200A)中，采用“液体缓冲槽”和“固体处理筒”接收器结构，内设电机旋转切割粉碎装置。该结构除异味装置缺失，专利中阐述“通过单向活门或单向阀门可以有效防止下反味现象的发生”，这只能防止“反异味”而不能实现“无异味”。(b)腔体结构形状偏复杂、同一横截面的内外套偏多、腔体数量偏多(如3、4、13、14、15、16等等)，腔体壁面有柱形、锥形、非规则曲面形。(c)固体处理筒采用外侧面缠电热丝烘干加热方式，热惯性大，筒壁热容需先吸收大量的热，对固体废物只是通过导热加热，与筒内壁面相接触的固体废物毕竟占极少的面积比例，对固体废物的加热烘干效率低。(d)外分离筒、内分离盘之间设有“竖向连接板”，结构复杂，焊接难度大，成本高。(e)不但设电机切割装置，而且设有“固体排出泵”，“固体排出泵”成本占比较大，而且其进出接口需要一定空间和接口设计，进一步增加了复杂程度和成本。(f)采用温度传感器、湿 度传感器，通过测量得到的温度、湿度值和相应“预设阈值”来控制“加热装置”和“粉碎电机”的启动和停止，控制复杂、可靠性差，环境温度改变时需要再次“预设阈值”，方便性差。(g)只适合于座位厕具，不适于蹲位。(h)马桶只能干燥和处理废物，外部需要再设“固体废物和液体废物的存储器”。(i)拆装难度大，维护成本高。
“无水马桶”(CN104127151B)，采用尿液处理系统、粪便粉碎部和干燥部，该无水马桶的缺陷如下：(a)通过“高温将尿液和粪便中的液体蒸发”，因为尿液中水分占大部分，这种方式将耗费大量的热量和电力。(b)粉碎和输送装置过于复杂，制造难度大，成本高，例如，“粉碎室”包括“粉碎腔体、轮轴、电机”；“输送装置”包括“输送腔体、第一涡轮、第二涡轮、第二传动轴、第三传动轴和传送电机”。(c)采用“红外感应器和数据处理器”来感应人体和马桶的距离，只适用于高档座位马桶，成本高。(d)采用“负离子次氯酸钠发生器”进行处菌，需定期添加药液，一方面产生的废料具有了化学添加的结果；另一方面，维护步骤多，维护成本高。(e)驱动方面，采用“驱动电机”和“烘干电机”，因电机成本占制造成本相当的比例，增加一个电机，成本增加。(f)“齿轮、涡轮”的用量过多，由于它们的加工复杂，精度要求高，难度大，再加上数量多，成本增加幅度巨大，例如有，“驱动齿轮15”、“齿条17”、“第二齿轮28”、“第一齿轮29”、“烘干齿轮27”、“粉碎齿轮38”、“排便齿轮40”、“第一涡轮18”、“第二涡轮19”、“同步带轮22”，等等，还必须有相应的轴和配套连接。
“固体污物快速分解处理装置”(CN1974967A)，利用“真空、微波”干燥处理的办法，将固体废物处理成无菌无异味的“干片”，分析如下。(a)“真空”方法，需要额外真空设备，投入大；需要额外的抽气形成真空室的处理时间，处理时间滞后多。(b)微波磁控管和处理腔室过多，例如，至少三个室内都有多组磁控管和灯。(c)泵和电机数量也偏多，例如“固液分离2”、“螺旋7”、“污水8”、“水12”、“电机36”、“真空22”等等，成本高。(d)结构 复杂，拆装不方便，清洁维护成本高。
“无水厕所”(CN201414748Y)中，采用“热风机、除湿机和同步加热器”拟实现“纯粹固体废物的处理”，分析如下。(a)此实用新型只设“粪盆”，没有设“液体废物的出口和存储器”，因此要求如厕者只能进行“大解”，而不能“小解”，不现实，因为尿液进入“粪盆”后，系统无法干燥。(b)对于使用“粪盆”中使“突出”的固体废物，采用水平移动的“垂直片状刮平器”来“刮平”，需额外电机驱动，结构复杂，成本高。(c)电器数量也偏多，例如“热风机8”、“除湿机11”、“抽风机15”、“大抽风机18”、“小抽风机19”、“加热器12”、“电动刮平器20”等等，部件多必然导致成本高。(d)电驱动风道与外界接口多，有2-3个。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的上述缺陷，提供一种气动热环保厕具，该厕具利用气动热原理实现无异味，如厕者体验佳，并且结构简单，成本低，可实现固体废物的烘干、破碎以及固液分离，定期产生固体碎渣和液体等有机肥料，厕具的建造或改造的价格低，便于清洁和维护，耗电量很少，除定期打扫卫生需必要少量的水外，可实现绝对的无水厕具。
本发明的另外一个目的在于提供一种气动热环保厕具的安装方法。
本发明的再一个目的在于提供一种气动热环保厕具的应用。
本发明的上述目的主要是通过如下技术方案予以实现的：
一种气动热环保厕具，包括接收器、处理器、储固器、储液器和烘干装置，其中接收器、处理器、储固器和储液器依次连接，处理器内部设置破碎机构，烘干装置与接收器连通，产生的热气流经接收器进入处理器，人在如厕后，排泄物经接收器落至处理器的破碎机构，其中排泄物中的液体直接穿过储固器进入储液器，排泄物中的固体经所述热气流的烘干处理和所述破碎机构的破碎处理后，进入储固器，热气流进入热气流通道，并经热气流通道末端的出风口向外排出。
在上述气动热环保厕具中，还包括与接收器连接的供人如厕使用的器具；所述器具包括蹲位器具或座位器具。
在上述气动热环保厕具中，所述接收器为腔体结构，腔体结构内部设有由上至下内径逐渐减小的接收导向器，接收导向器用于接收排泄物，接收导向器的外壁与腔体结构内壁之间设有环形多孔板。
在上述气动热环保厕具中，所述接收导向器的纵截面为梯形；所述接收导向器中心线与破碎机构中离心转盘的中心线重合。
在上述气动热环保厕具中，所述烘干装置的出口位于所述环形多孔板上部，所述环形多孔板起节流和导流作用，使烘干装置产生的热气流向下流动。
在上述气动热环保厕具中，所述处理器内部设置破碎机构，所述破碎机构包括电机、离心转盘和切割件，所述切割件设置在离心转盘上，离心转盘的轴连接电机，且离心转盘位于热气流通道上方，离心转盘尺寸设计满足至少将热气流通道入口完全覆盖。
在上述气动热环保厕具中，所述离心转盘边缘设有环形挡片；所述环形挡片的母线与离心转盘平面的夹角为30～150°。
在上述气动热环保厕具中，所述切割件包括切刀和丝刀。
在上述气动热环保厕具中，所述处理器腔体结构的内壁与形成热气流通道的外壁之间设有第一固定杆，所述电机与形成热气流通道的内壁之间设有第二固定杆；所述储固器腔体结构的内壁与热气流通道的外壁之间设有第三固定杆。
在上述气动热环保厕具中，所述储固器和储液器为形状相匹配的环形腔体结构，内部形成热气流通道，并与处理器内部形成的热气流通道相连通，组成完整的热气流通道。
在上述气动热环保厕具中，所述储固器的环形腔体底部设有通孔，用于使液体通过；所述储液器的环形腔体底部为封闭结构。
在上述气动热环保厕具中，所述烘干装置包括风机、送热风管和风加热器，风加热器设置在送热风管内部，风机与送热风管连通。
在上述气动热环保厕具中，还包括触发键，人如厕后，启动触发键，开启烘干装置和破碎机构对排泄物中的固体进行烘干和破碎。
在上述气动热环保厕具中，还包括时间继电器，所述时间继电器与触发键连接，实现延时控制。
在上述气动热环保厕具中，还包括锁紧装置，所述锁紧装置对安装后的接收器、处理器、储固器与储液器进行周向锁紧固定。
在上述气动热环保厕具中，所述锁紧装置包括锁紧杆和若干固定件，所述若干固定件分别安装在接收器、处理器、储固器和储液器上，每个固定件上开有固定槽，用于与锁紧杆配合实现对厕具的周向锁紧。
在上述气动热环保厕具中，所述接收器与处理器之间采用固定连接或活动连接，所述处理器与储固器之间，储固器与储液器之间采用活动连接。
在上述气动热环保厕具中，采用的活动连接装置包括侧耳与固定钩，相连接的两个器件中，其中一个器件的固定钩与另一个器件的侧耳钩挂连接。
在上述气动热环保厕具中，所述接收器、处理器、储固器和储液器相互连接的端面之间采用平接口、外内卡接口、内外卡接口、外内锥接口或内外锥接口形式。
在上述气动热环保厕具中，所述接收器、处理器、储固器和储液器整体设置在地面上或者地面下。
在上述气动热环保厕具中，所述出风口通过管道与排风口连通，排风口出口处安装排风扇。
一种气动热环保厕具的安装方法，包括如下步骤：
将接收器与供人如厕使用的器具连接，接口处进行密封；
将储液器与固定的出风口连接；
将处理器与接收器连接；
将储固器与处理器连接；
将储液器与储固器连接；
采用锁紧装置对安装后的接收器、处理器、储固器与储液器进行锁紧固定。
在上述气动热环保厕具的安装方法中，采用安装工具实现储液器与固定的出风口连接或拆卸、处理器与接收器连接或拆卸、储固器与处理器连接或拆卸、储液器与储固器连接或拆卸；所述安装工具包括杆体、抱弧和至少一个手柄，其中抱弧设置在杆体的一个端部，手柄设置在杆体的另一个端部和/或两个端部之间，所述抱弧为弧形结构，两端各设置一个上翘钩，所述抱弧与器件本体配合，所述上翘钩与器件的侧耳配合。
在上述气动热环保厕具的安装方法中，所述杆体为折弯结构或直线结构；所述杆体与抱弧通过连接副连接，所述连接副为T形结构，用于杆体和抱弧间的固定并增加强度。
一种气动热环保厕具在农村及边远地区厕具、太空厕具、城市厕具、公园厕具或景点厕具中的应用。
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下有益效果：
(1)、本发明提供的气动热环保厕具，由接收器、处理器、储固器、储液器和烘干装置构成，该厕具利用排气和气动热原理实现无异味，不但能满足如厕者的佳体验感要求，而且能定期产生固体碎渣和液体等有机肥料，此外厕具的建造或改造的价格低，便于清洁和维护，耗电量很少，除定期打扫卫生需必要少量的水外，可实现绝对的无水厕具；
(2)、本发明可实现具有无异味感的厕具，无人如厕时，采用排出口风机对厕具各腔体少量抽气，异味源单向受控；人在如厕后，触发废物处理按钮，热气流向下，对接收器之导向器的下锥口上部的空气具有引射作用，同样实现了异味源单向受控，仍实现了无异味要求；
(3)、本发明厕具实现固体、液体废物有效分离，液体废物到达破碎机构后，在破碎机构的边缘自然滴落，优选在转盘的挡片自然滴落，穿过储固器进入储液器；固体废物处理时受到热气流的主动风干、切碎，通过离心力分离至储固器，定期对储固器和储液器进行清理，实现固体碎渣和液体等有机肥料的有效分离；
(4)、本发明真正实现无水厕具，除较长时间定期进行清洗和表面净洁处理需要少量水外，厕具正常使用中不需要用水；
(5)、本发明耗电量少，仅有烘干装置和破碎机构等需要消耗少量电，节省能源，降低成本；
(6)、本发明厕具可以设计施工在地面下，也可以在地面上建筑支撑和取放空间结构，建造或改造的价格低，施工时，接收器和处理器与地面相对固定。储固器和储液器可活动，方便地收集、取出，再放入，便于清洁和维护，接收器、处理器、储固器、储液器的筒体之间的连接采用简单、有效的密封方式，并方便拆卸；
(7)、本发明厕具适用范围广，在农村及边远地区、太空、城市、公园、景区中均可应用，并且外部与蹲位器具和座位器具等均可连接使用；
(8)、本发明对厕具各组成结构进行了巧妙设计，使得结构性能达到最优，例如储固器的底部采用筛网孔结构，不但能够托住固体碎渣，而且便于液体废物流至储液器；
(9)、本发明厕具的烘干效率高，包括厕纸在内的固体废物被切碎后弥散在处理器的热气流中，固、气的接触面积大而充分，风干时间短、干燥效果好；
(10)、本发明厕具可实现二次干燥效果，进入储固器的碎碴，靠近中心的位置会受到后续如厕者排出液体的浇淋通过，热气流会在此处有冲击折返，产生“二次干燥”，这类似于吹干头发的过程，会保证储固器近满时 固体废渣仍能达到要求不沾壁、易倒出的干度；
(11)、本发明专门设计了符合人体工程学的厕具安装拆装工具，使操作者在操作时，面部与储固器或储液器保持较远距离，握持舒服，拆装操作很方便。
附图说明
图1为本发明气动热环保厕具结构示意图；
图2为本发明气动热环保厕具中接收器与烘干装置连接结构示意图；
图3为本发明气动热环保厕具中处理器结构示意图；
图4为本发明气动热环保厕具中储固器结构示意图；
图5为本发明气动热环保厕具中储液器结构示意图；
图6为本发明锁紧装置对接收器、处理器、储固器和储液器进行锁紧和解锁状态示意图；
图7为本发明侧耳、固定钩与固定件的结构示意图，其中图7a为固定钩示意图，图7b为侧耳示意图，图7c为固定件示意图；
图8为本发明相邻两个器件几种端面连接形式示意图；其中图8a表示相邻两个器件为平接口图示，图8b表示相邻两个器件为外内卡接口图示，图8c表示相邻两个器件为内外卡接口图示，图8d表示相邻两个器件为外内锥接口图示，图8e表示相邻两个器件为内外锥接口图示；
图9为本发明安装工具的三向视图，其中图9a为主视图，图9b为侧视图，图9c为俯视图；
图10为本发明气动热环保厕具安装流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述：
如图1为本发明气动热环保厕具结构示意图，由图可知本发明气动热环保厕具包括接收器1、处理器2、储固器3、储液器4和烘干装置，接收器1、处理器2、储固器3和储液器4由上至下依次连接，烘干装置与接收 器1连通，各部件可以设计在地面下，也可以设计在地面上，例如可以在地面上建筑一个支撑和取放空间结构，其中接收器1和处理器2与地面相对固定，储固器3和储液器4可活动，方便地收集、取出，再放入。
如图2所示为本发明气动热环保厕具中接收器与烘干装置连接结构示意图，本发明气动热环保厕具还包括与接收器1连接的供人如厕使用的器具，例如该器具可以为通常的蹲位器具或座位器具，图2给出了蹲位器具或座位器具分别与接收器1连接的图示，其中25表示蹲位器具或座位器具，26表示蹲位脚立面，27表示座位脚位面，28表示墙壁。接收器1与蹲位器具或座位器具25通过接口法兰连接，接口法兰优选采用多螺柱加螺母紧固连接，表面缝隙采用防水防热密封胶密封。
接收器1为腔体结构，腔体结构内部设有由上至下内径逐渐减小的接收导向器11，接收导向器11用于接收人在如厕后的排泄物(包括固体粪便、厕纸和液体尿液等)，接收导向器11小端面可以设计成与常规马桶喉部口径相当，本发明一可选实施例中，接收导向器11的纵截面为梯形，优选等腰梯形，且优选接收导向器11中心线与处理器2的破碎机构中离心转盘17的中心线重合，使得排泄物可以落在破碎机构的正上方。接收导向器11的外壁与腔体结构内壁之间设有环形多孔板12，环形多孔板12上的开孔为均匀孔或非均匀孔。接收器1的腔体结构侧壁开孔，与烘干装置出口连通，烘干装置出口位于环形多孔板12上部，环形多孔板12起节流和导流作用，使烘干装置产生的热气流向下流动。
烘干装置包括风机5、送热风管6和风加热器7，其中风加热器7设置在送热风管6内部，风机5与送热风管6连通，风加热器7产生热气流，由风机5送入接收器1内部。
如图3所示为本发明气动热环保厕具中处理器结构示意图，处理器2为与接收器1形状相匹配的腔体结构，内部设置破碎机构，破碎机构包括电机13、离心转盘17和切割件，其中切割件设置在离心转盘17上，离心 转盘17连接电机13，且离心转盘17位于热气流通道70上方，离心转盘17尺寸设计满足至少将热气流通道70入口完全覆盖，以保证排泄物中的液体和固体经离心转盘17后不落入热气流通道70。优选离心转盘17的边缘设有环形挡片71(类似短裙缘)，环形挡片71的母线与离心转盘17平面的夹角处于30°～150°间，优选90°，该环形挡片71可以由离心转盘17边缘向下折弯形成，也可以单独设置，以实现液体废物的向下导引，并阻止固体废物和液体废物进入向下的热气流通道70。电机13通过转轴与离心转盘17连接，切割件包括切刀19和丝刀20，优选两片切刀19，两根丝刀20，电机13外置壳体对电机13进行保护，并通过电机导线引出管35与外部电源接通，电机壳体与热气流通道70内壁之间设置第二固定杆15，进行连接固定，热气流通道70外壁与处理器2腔体结构的内壁之间设置第一固定杆16，进行连接固定。离心转盘17的材质可选不锈钢、铜、铝、表面经防腐处理的铁等金属或硬塑料等，优选成本低，易加工的铝和硬塑料。
如图4所示为本发明气动热环保厕具中储固器结构示意图，如图5所示为本发明气动热环保厕具中储液器结构示意图，储固器3和储液器4为形状相匹配的环形腔体结构，中心内部形成热气流通道，并与处理器2内部形成的部分热气流通道相连通，组成完整的热气流通道70。储固器3腔体结构的内壁与热气流通道的外壁之间设有第三固定杆36，且储固器3的环形腔体底部设有通孔，用于使液体通过，例如可以采用设有较多通孔的孔板或支撑杆加丝网结构，如图4所示，优选为支撑杆加丝网结构，为环状带内外竖缘的筛网37，孔径0.5～1.5mm，筛网37的内外竖缘分别与内筒、外筒贴合后，可通过点焊机进行周向均布多点位置的点焊38固定，储液器4的环形腔体底部为封闭结构。
如图5所示，储液器4底部通过口径与热气流通道70内径相同的环状橡胶圈42活动连接，环状橡胶圈42与出风口8的上法兰粘接固定，使储 液器4的内筒23与出风口8之间能够活动并具有气流密封功能，环状橡胶圈42优选三角形截面环状橡胶圈。
此外，接收器1、处理器2、储固器3和储液器4上各设置连接件，如图2所示，接收器1的腔体结构外壁设有侧耳29、固定件31以及锁杆铰链孔30，如图3所示，处理器2的腔体结构外壁设有侧耳32、固定钩34和固定件33，如图4所示，储固器3的腔体结构外壁设有侧耳39、固定钩41和固定件40，如图5所示，储液器4的腔体结构外壁设有侧耳44、固定钩43和固定件46。本发明一可选实施例中，侧耳为半工字形，2～4个沿器件周向均布；固定钩为折弯结构，类似“7”字型，与侧耳周向转动钩接，即相连接的两个器件中，其中一个器件的固定钩与另一个器件相对应的侧耳连接；固定钩设有2～4个，沿器件周向均布；固定件上开有固定槽，用于卡入与锁杆铰链孔铰接的锁紧杆47，以便使接收器1、处理器2、储固器3和储液器4周向锁紧。如图7所示为本发明侧耳、固定钩与固定件的结构示意图，其中图7a为固定钩的三向视图，图7b为侧耳的三向视图，图7c为固定件的三向视图。
如图6所示为本发明锁紧装置对接收器1、处理器2、储固器3和储液器4进行锁紧和解锁状态示意图，锁紧装置包括锁紧杆47和若干固定件，本发明一可选实施例中四个固定件分别安装在接收器1、处理器2、储固器3和储液器4上，每个固定件上开有固定槽，用于与锁紧杆47配合实现对厕具的锁紧，锁紧位置为48，解锁位置为49，其中锁紧杆47端部通过压扁钻孔与法兰的双片铰链孔配合，用螺钉穿入配合螺母，实现铰接。
如图8所示为本发明相邻两个器件几种端面连接形式示意图，其中图8a表示相邻两个器件为平接口50图示，图8b表示相邻两个器件为外内卡接口51图示，图8c表示相邻两个器件为内外卡接口52图示，图8d表示相邻两个器件为外内锥接口53图示，图8e表示相邻两个器件为内外锥接口54图示。优选外内卡接口51或内外卡接口52的连接形式，密封性能更 优。
本发明中接收器1与处理器2之间采用固定连接或活动连接，例如固定连接采用可拆加强紧固连接，上下器件设接口配合法兰，加螺栓配螺母锁紧固定，以消除电机工作的微小振动影响，活动连接可以采用简便钩挂活动连接，处理器2与储固器3之间，储固器3与储液器4之间采用简便钩挂活动连接，再配合锁紧杆，各连接部分实现锁紧。
本发明厕具还包括触发键和时间继电器，时间继电器与触发键连接，实现延时控制，触发键可设置在厕具本体上，或者与厕具分离，方便人在如厕后启动，人如厕后，启动触发键，实现定时间开启烘干装置和破碎机构对排泄物中的固体进行快速烘干和破碎，乃至肥料收纳，用时仅需10～20秒，即完成一次废物处理的启停，不影响下一个人如厕，可以同时开启烘干装置与破碎机构，也可以控制先开启烘干装置，先产生热风并送出，再开启破碎机构。时间继电器可以与烘干装置、电机连接同一电源，简化结构。
本发明厕具的工作过程如下：
人在如厕完成后，启动触发键，开启烘干装置和破碎机构，烘干装置产生的热气流经接收器1进入处理器2，离心转盘17底部和处理器2的风道壁顶部环形空间为烘干热气流的出口(环状)，人在如厕后产生的排泄物，包括固体废物(粪便、厕纸等)和液体废物(尿液等)，经接收器1落至处理器2的破碎机构，其中排泄物中的液体直接穿过储固器3底部的筛网，进入储液器4，排泄物中的固体经热气流的烘干处理和破碎机构的破碎处理后，进入储固器3，绝大部分热气流(90％以上)直接进入热气流通道，另一少部分热气流经过储固器3，到达储液器4底部的封闭面后，返回处理器2，继续参与对排泄物中固体的烘干处理，即“二次干燥”(这类似于电吹风吹干头发的过程)后，同样进入热气流通道，热气流经热气流通道末端的出风口8经连接管道9(或穿墙风道)进入排风口10，在排风扇24作用 下向外排出。
本发明对厕具的处理器2、储固器3和储液器4各组成部件，尤其是对储固器3和储液器4进行安装拆装时借助如图9所示的安装工具，不但使安装或拆装更方便，而且使储固器3和储液器4离操作者保持一定距离，如图9所示为本发明厕具专门设计的安装拆装工具的三向视图，其中图9a为主视图，图9b为侧视图，图9c为俯视图；安装工具包括杆体55、抱弧57和至少一个手柄59，其中抱弧57设置在杆体55的一个端部，手柄59设置在杆体55的另一个端部和/或两个端部之间，抱弧57为弧形结构，两端各设置一个上翘钩56，其中抱弧57与器件本体配合，上翘钩56与器件的侧耳配合。杆体55为刚性“双折弯”结构，可以配合地面下的厕具安装或拆装，长度可根据具体厕具位置来调整设计，如果厕具在地面上，设计也可以去掉“双折弯”而成为直杆，上翘钩56设置在抱弧57的前端，杆体55与抱弧57通过连接副58连接，连接副58为T形结构，用于加强杆体55和抱弧57间的固定并增加强度，本发明一可选实施例中手柄为两个，第一手柄59和第二手柄60是操作者双手的握位，抱弧57与储固器3或储液器4的本体配合，抱弧57的半径略大于被抱取物。
本发明气动热环保厕具的安装方法，安装顺序如下：
将接收器1与供人如厕使用的器具连接，接口处进行密封；
双手握住如图9的工具，将两个上翘钩56伸入储液器4的两个半工字形侧耳44中，使连接副58卡在固定件46上，托起储液器4，对准固定的出风口，向下方向移动，完成储液器4与出风口的连接；
类似地，双手握住如图9的工具，托起处理器2，对准接收器1，微微转动处理器2，使固定钩34“钩住”对应的侧耳29，将处理器2与接收器1连接；
类似地，双手握住如图9的工具，将储固器3与处理器2连接；
类似地，双手握住如图9的工具，将储液器4向上移动微微转动，与 储固器3连接，储液器4虽向上移动，但保持与出风口8的密封活动连接；
采用锁紧装置对安装后的接收器1、处理器2、储固器3与储液器4进行锁紧固定。
具体安装过程包括如下步骤：
(1)、将接收器1按照图2的方式，与传统的蹲位或座位便器25连接，接口法兰推荐采用多螺柱连接，表面缝隙采用防水防热密封胶密封。
(2)、手持如图9所示的安装工具，将前端两个上翘钩56插入如图5所示的两个半“工”字形侧耳44中，连接副58卡住接收器固定件46，抱弧57抱住储液器4的外侧壁。
(3)、握住手柄59，将储液器4托起，对准并向下放入与地面或固定架45固定的出风口8，实现储液器4和出风口8的连接，并让出上部的安装空间。
(4)、手持如图9所示的安装工具，将前端两个上翘钩56插入如图3所示的两个半“工”字形侧耳32中，连接副58卡住接收器固定件33，抱弧57抱住处理器2筒壁的外侧壁。
(5)、握住手柄59，将处理器2托起，对准并与接收器1的底部接触，旋转处理器2，使“7”字形固定钩34钩住半“工”字形侧耳29。
(6)、同步骤(3)，握住手柄59，将储固器3托起，对准并与处理器2的底部接触，旋转储固器3，使“7”字形固定钩41钩住半“工”字形侧耳32。
(7)、同步骤(3)、(4)，握住手柄59，将储液器4托起，对准并与储固器3的底部接触，旋转储液器4，使“7”字形固定钩43钩住半“工”字形侧耳39。
(8)、取下如图9所示的安装工具，将如图6所示的锁紧杆47沿铰接30转动，使其从解锁位置49到锁住位置48，从而完成整个厕具的安装。
(9)、经过一定时间的厕具使用，储固器3或储液器4达到接近填满 时，从启动拆卸操作，顺序与步骤(8)、(7)、(6)、(5)、(4)、(3)相反，取出储固器3或储液器4，倒空其中的肥料后，按照(3)、(4)、(5)、(6)、(7)、(8)的顺序再次安装和使用，如图10所示为本发明气动热环保厕具安装流程图。
(10)、经过一定时间后，对各分部件及整体清洁处理，实现定期维护。
本发明厕具在无人如厕时，采用出口排风机对厕具各腔体少量抽气，异味源单向受控；人在如厕后，触发废物处理按钮，热气流向下，对接收器的下锥口上部的空气具有引射作用，同样实现了异味源单向受控，仍实现了无异味要求。
以上所述，仅为本发明最佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
本发明说明书中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员的公知技术。

Claims (25)

  1. 一种气动热环保厕具，其特征在于：包括接收器、处理器、储固器、储液器和烘干装置，其中接收器、处理器、储固器和储液器依次连接，处理器内部设置破碎机构，烘干装置与接收器连通，产生的热气流经接收器进入处理器，人在如厕后，排泄物经接收器落至处理器的破碎机构，其中排泄物中的液体直接穿过储固器进入储液器，排泄物中的固体经所述热气流的烘干处理和所述破碎机构的破碎处理后，进入储固器，热气流进入热气流通道，并经热气流通道末端的出风口向外排出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的气动热环保厕具，其特征在于：还包括与接收器连接的供人如厕使用的器具；所述器具包括蹲位器具或座位器具。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的气动热环保厕具，其特征在于：所述接收器为腔体结构，腔体结构内部设有由上至下内径逐渐减小的接收导向器，接收导向器用于接收排泄物，接收导向器的外壁与腔体结构内壁之间设有环形多孔板。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的气动热环保厕具，其特征在于：所述接收导向器的纵截面为梯形；所述接收导向器中心线与破碎机构中离心转盘的中心线重合。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的气动热环保厕具，其特征在于：所述烘干装置的出口位于所述环形多孔板上部，所述环形多孔板起节流和导流作用，使烘干装置产生的热气流向下流动。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的气动热环保厕具，其特征在于：所述处理器内部设置破碎机构，所述破碎机构包括电机、离心转盘和切割件，所述切割件设置在离心转盘上，离心转盘的轴连接电机，且离心转盘位于热气流通道上方，离心转盘尺寸设计满足至少将热气流通道入口完全覆盖。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的气动热环保厕具，其特征在于：所述离心转 盘边缘设有环形挡片；所述环形挡片的母线与离心转盘平面的夹角为30～150°。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的气动热环保厕具，其特征在于：所述切割件包括切刀和丝刀。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的气动热环保厕具，其特征在于：所述处理器腔体结构的内壁与形成热气流通道的外壁之间设有第一固定杆，所述电机与形成热气流通道的内壁之间设有第二固定杆；所述储固器腔体结构的内壁与热气流通道的外壁之间设有第三固定杆。
  10. 根据权利要求1～9之一所述的气动热环保厕具，其特征在于：所述储固器和储液器为形状相匹配的环形腔体结构，内部形成热气流通道，并与处理器内部形成的热气流通道相连通，组成完整的热气流通道。
  11. 根据权利要求1～9之一所述的气动热环保厕具，其特征在于：所述储固器的环形腔体底部设有通孔，用于使液体通过；所述储液器的环形腔体底部为封闭结构。
  12. 根据权利要求1～9之一所述的气动热环保厕具，其特征在于：所述烘干装置包括风机、送热风管和风加热器，风加热器设置在送热风管内部，风机与送热风管连通。
  13. 根据权利要求1～9之一所述的气动热环保厕具，其特征在于：还包括触发键，人如厕后，启动触发键，开启烘干装置和破碎机构对排泄物中的固体进行烘干和破碎。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的气动热环保厕具，其特征在于：还包括时间继电器，所述时间继电器与触发键连接，实现延时控制。
  15. 根据权利要求1～9之一所述的气动热环保厕具，其特征在于：还包括锁紧装置，所述锁紧装置对安装后的接收器、处理器、储固器与储液器进行周向锁紧固定。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的气动热环保厕具，其特征在于：所述锁紧 装置包括锁紧杆和若干固定件，所述若干固定件分别安装在接收器、处理器、储固器和储液器上，每个固定件上开有固定槽，用于与锁紧杆配合实现对厕具的周向锁紧。
  17. 根据权利要求1～9之一所述的气动热环保厕具，其特征在于：所述接收器与处理器之间采用固定连接或活动连接，所述处理器与储固器之间，储固器与储液器之间采用活动连接。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的气动热环保厕具，其特征在于：采用的活动连接装置包括侧耳与固定钩，相连接的两个器件中，其中一个器件的固定钩与另一个器件的侧耳钩挂连接。
  19. 根据权利要求1～9之一所述的气动热环保厕具，其特征在于：所述接收器、处理器、储固器和储液器相互连接的端面之间采用平接口、外内卡接口、内外卡接口、外内锥接口或内外锥接口形式。
  20. 根据权利要求1～9之一所述的气动热环保厕具，其特征在于：所述接收器、处理器、储固器和储液器整体设置在地面上或者地面下。
  21. 根据权利要求1～9之一所述的气动热环保厕具，其特征在于：所述出风口通过管道与排风口连通，排风口出口处安装排风扇。
  22. 权利要求1～9之一所述的气动热环保厕具的安装方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
    将接收器与供人如厕使用的器具连接，接口处进行密封；
    将储液器与固定的出风口连接；
    将处理器与接收器连接；
    将储固器与处理器连接；
    将储液器与储固器连接；
    采用锁紧装置对安装后的接收器、处理器、储固器与储液器进行锁紧固定。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的气动热环保厕具的安装方法，其特征在于： 采用安装工具实现储液器与固定的出风口连接或拆卸、处理器与接收器连接或拆卸、储固器与处理器连接或拆卸、储液器与储固器连接或拆卸；所述安装工具包括杆体、抱弧和至少一个手柄，其中抱弧设置在杆体的一个端部，手柄设置在杆体的另一个端部和/或两个端部之间，所述抱弧为弧形结构，两端各设置一个上翘钩，所述抱弧与器件本体配合，所述上翘钩与器件的侧耳配合。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的气动热环保厕具的安装方法，其特征在于：所述杆体为折弯结构或直线结构；所述杆体与抱弧通过连接副连接，所述连接副为T形结构，用于杆体和抱弧间的固定并增加强度。
  25. 权利要求1～21之一所述的气动热环保厕具在农村及边远地区厕具、太空厕具、城市厕具、公园厕具或景点厕具中的应用。
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