WO2020238084A1 - 一种无异味气动热厕具、安装方法及其应用 - Google Patents

一种无异味气动热厕具、安装方法及其应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020238084A1
WO2020238084A1 PCT/CN2019/120174 CN2019120174W WO2020238084A1 WO 2020238084 A1 WO2020238084 A1 WO 2020238084A1 CN 2019120174 W CN2019120174 W CN 2019120174W WO 2020238084 A1 WO2020238084 A1 WO 2020238084A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
processor
odor
receiver
liquid
toilet according
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PCT/CN2019/120174
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曲伟
艾邦成
俞继军
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中国航天空气动力技术研究院
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Application filed by 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 filed Critical 中国航天空气动力技术研究院
Publication of WO2020238084A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020238084A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47K—SANITARY EQUIPMENT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; TOILET ACCESSORIES
    • A47K11/00—Closets without flushing; Urinals without flushing; Chamber pots; Chairs with toilet conveniences or specially adapted for use with toilets
    • A47K11/02—Dry closets, e.g. incinerator closets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/12—Small buildings or other erections for limited occupation, erected in the open air or arranged in buildings, e.g. kiosks, waiting shelters for bus stops or for filling stations, roofs for railway platforms, watchmen's huts or dressing cubicles
    • E04H1/1205—Small buildings erected in the open air
    • E04H1/1216—Public W.C.s
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/007—Ventilation with forced flow
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a odorless pneumatic hot toilet, an installation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of environmental protection and energy saving.
  • the existing "waterless toilets” generally refer to toilets without water tanks.
  • the working principle of this kind of waterless toilet is to make full use of the water pressure of city tap water and apply the principle of fluid mechanics to intelligently distinguish the amount of stool in the toilet, and then rationally use the corresponding water volume to flush, so that the flushing water volume and the flushing kinetic energy are cleverly Match, the water saving effect can reach more than 50%, so it is not really anhydrous.
  • This kind of "waterless toilet” should be called “water-saving toilet”
  • Figures 5-15 of P134 are "the schematic diagram of the internal structure of the space shuttle combined toilet", which uses a two-way receiver structure. One way is air, urine and washing water; the other way is air flow and solid waste. Many aspects of the latter are specially designed for space microgravity, and the structure adopted is extremely complex, which is not suitable for the ground. Examples are as follows: (a) The solid-state receiver adopts an "ellipsoidal shape” structure, which is complicated to manufacture and process, and the cost is extremely high.
  • the lower part of the center adopts a "motor-driven thrower” mechanism, and a series of “hinged” blades are used on the thrower to spread out to cut up solid waste and deposit it into the "sandwich” on the inner wall of the toilet.
  • the structure of the sandwich is complicated; the thrower adopts the “articulation method” to connect the turntable and the blade, which is complicated to manufacture; the hinged blade in the picture adopts a nearly “parallelogram", hinged needle knife, and uses "end hook”. It is not conducive to cutting and discharging solid waste with a certain viscosity at a low motor ground speed; the edge of the turntable is straight. If the turntable does not rotate and there is liquid waste to the edge, the liquid waste will flow inward to the motor shaft .
  • “Environmentally friendly waterless toilet” (CN107802200A) adopts the structure of "liquid buffer tank” and “solid processing cylinder” receiver, and a motor rotating cutting and crushing device is built in. This structure lacks the odor removal device.
  • the patent states that "the one-way valve or the one-way valve can effectively prevent the occurrence of off-flavor phenomenon", which can only prevent "anti-odor” but cannot achieve "no odor”.
  • the shape of the cavity structure is too complicated, the inner and outer shells of the same cross section are too many, and the number of cavities is too large (such as 3, 4, 13, 14, 15, 16, etc.).
  • the cavity wall has a cylindrical or tapered shape. , Irregular surface shape.
  • the solid processing cylinder adopts the heating method of drying and heating with an electric heating wire on the outer surface.
  • the thermal inertia is large.
  • the heat capacity of the cylinder wall needs to absorb a large amount of heat first.
  • the solid waste is only heated by heat conduction, and the solid waste in contact with the inner wall of the cylinder accounts for With a very small area ratio, the heating and drying efficiency of solid waste is low.
  • Anhydrous toilet (CN104127151B), using a urine treatment system, a fecal crushing part and a drying part, the defects of this anhydrous toilet are as follows: (a) The high temperature will evaporate the liquid in urine and feces, because urine The middle water accounts for the majority, this method will consume a lot of heat and electricity. (b) The crushing and conveying device is too complicated, difficult to manufacture, and costly.
  • the "crushing chamber” includes the “crushing cavity, axle, and motor”; the “conveying device” includes the “conveying cavity, the first turbine, and the second Turbine, second drive shaft, third drive shaft and transmission motor”.
  • the “rapid solid waste decomposition and treatment device” uses the “vacuum and microwave” drying method to process solid waste into sterile and odorless "dry tablets”.
  • the analysis is as follows.
  • the "vacuum” method requires additional vacuum equipment and a large investment; additional pumping is required to form the processing time of the vacuum chamber, and the processing time lags much.
  • the number of pumps and motors is also too large, such as "solid-liquid separation 2", “screw 7", “sewage 8", “water 12", “motor 36”, “vacuum 22", etc., which are expensive.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art and provide a odor-free pneumatic hot toilet, which uses the principle of aerodynamic heat to achieve no odor, good toilet experience, simple structure, low cost, and solid Drying, crushing and solid-liquid separation of waste, regular production of organic fertilizers such as solid slag and liquid, the construction or renovation of toilets are inexpensive, easy to clean and maintain, and consumes little power. In addition to regular cleaning, a small amount is necessary In addition to the water, absolute water-free toilets can be realized.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for installing a odor-free pneumatic hot toilet.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an application of odorless pneumatic hot toilet.
  • An odor-free pneumatic hot toilet comprising a receiver, a processor, a solid storage device, a liquid storage device, a drying device and an exhaust device, wherein the receiver, the processor and the solid storage device are connected in sequence, and the receiver is A receiving cavity with a gradually increasing inner diameter from top to bottom is set.
  • the drying device is connected with the receiver, and the generated hot air enters the receiving cavity.
  • the processor includes a crushing mechanism and a container.
  • the excrement After a person goes to the toilet, the excrement enters the Said receiving cavity, the liquid in the excrement enters the reservoir through the receiver, and the solid in the excrement enters the solid storage after the drying treatment of the hot air flow and the crushing treatment of the crushing mechanism in the receiving cavity, and the hot air passes and processes
  • the exhaust device connected to the air-conditioning device discharges outward.
  • the receiving end of the receiver is designed to be opened and closed.
  • the exhaust device is triggered to work, and when it is closed, the drying device and the crushing mechanism are triggered to work.
  • the receiving end of the receiver includes an upper end cover, an insert plate, and an upper flange, and an insert plate slot is provided on the upper flange for accommodating the insert plate, and the upper end cover Connect with the upper flange and place the insert plate between the two; the upper end cover, insert plate and upper flange are all provided with through holes, and the insert plate can move along the insert plate slot, when the through hole on the insert plate and the upper end cover When communicating with the through hole of the upper flange, the opening of the receiving end is realized, and when the through hole of the insert plate is not connected with the through holes of the upper end cover and the upper flange, the closing of the receiving end is realized.
  • the first trigger button and the second trigger button are respectively arranged on the insert plate slot, and when the insert plate contacts the first trigger button, the drying device and the crushing mechanism are triggered When the plug-in board contacts the second trigger button, the exhaust device is triggered to work.
  • the longitudinal section of the receiving cavity is trapezoidal, and the side wall is porous.
  • a ring-shaped liquid blocking block is arranged near the large mouth end of the receiving cavity to allow the sputtering liquid to enter the container.
  • the setting of the liquid blocking block satisfies: the angle between the bus bar of the blocking liquid block and the horizontal plane is ⁇ , 0° ⁇ 90°.
  • the processor further includes a scraper rod, which is arranged on the upper part of the receptacle and at the lower part of the annular liquid baffle in the receiving cavity, and rotates with the crushing mechanism.
  • the crushing mechanism includes a motor, a cutting member, a tray, and a shaft.
  • the cutting member is arranged on the tray.
  • the shaft passes through the receiver, and both ends are connected to the motor and the tray. Connect with the scraper.
  • one end of the scraper rod is connected with a slag discharge fan blade to assist the dried and crushed solid excrement to enter the storage container.
  • the gap between the slag discharge fan blade and the inner wall surface of the receiving cavity is 2-5 mm, and the gap between the annular liquid baffle and the annular liquid baffle is 2-5 mm.
  • the cutting member includes a cutter and a wire cutter.
  • the container has a tapered structure, a through hole is provided in the center of the interior for passing the shaft connecting the motor and the tray, the upper surface of the tapered structure is a porous structure, and the bottom is The drainage tube is connected to introduce the excrement liquid in the container into the liquid container.
  • the drainage tube includes a U-shaped structural section.
  • the diameter of the through hole is 2-6 mm on the upper surface of the tapered structure.
  • a motor protection cover is provided outside the motor, the container is fixed on the motor protection cover by a first fixing rod, and the motor protection cover is fixed on the inner wall of the processor by a second fixing rod .
  • the receiver and the processor are connected by a flange; the processor and the storage device are connected by a restriction block; the restriction block is formed by bending a long strip of plate An arc that matches the shape of the outer wall of the processor is fixed on the outer wall of the processor and protrudes from the outer edge of the bottom of the processor.
  • the drying device includes a fan, a hot air duct and an air heater, the air heater is arranged inside the hot air duct, and the fan is in communication with the hot air duct.
  • appliances connected with the receiver for people to use the toilet include squatting appliances or seating appliances.
  • the solid container and the liquid container are both transparent cavity structures.
  • the installation method of the above odorless pneumatic hot toilet includes the following steps:
  • the lower flange of the receiver is connected with the upper flange of the processor, and the connection is fixed by bolts and nuts; the processor and the reservoir are connected by a restriction block The connection is fixed.
  • odor-free pneumatic hot toilets are used in toilets in rural and remote areas, space toilets, urban toilets, park toilets or scenic spot toilets.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the odor-free pneumatic hot toilet provided by the present invention is composed of a receiver, a processor, a solid storage device, a liquid reservoir, a drying device and an exhaust device.
  • the toilet is realized by the principle of exhaust and pneumatic heat No odor, not only can meet the requirements of a good experience for toilet users, but also can produce organic fertilizers such as solid slag and liquid on a regular basis.
  • the price of construction or renovation of toilets is low, easy to clean and maintain, and low power consumption.
  • it can achieve absolute water-free toilets;
  • the receiving cavity in the receiver of the present invention receives the hot air flow, and makes the air flow cover the stored excrement.
  • the air flow is concentrated in a small space, and the drying efficiency of solid excrement is significantly improved, and the processing speed is increased, and then the waste Most of the hot air flow is exhausted through the exhaust device installed on the side wall of the processor, and a small amount of hot air flow is discharged from the exhaust device installed on the side wall of the processor after reaching the bottom of the storage container through reflection to achieve the requirement of no odor.
  • the toilet has a stronger ability to remove odor.
  • the receiving end Before going to the toilet, the receiving end is opened to trigger the operation of the exhaust device, and the toilet A small amount of air is pumped in each cavity to achieve no peculiar smell.
  • the receiving end After going to the toilet, the receiving end is closed, the drying device and the crushing mechanism are triggered to work for a short time, the excrement is quickly processed, and the hot air flow is discharged outward.
  • the present invention realizes double linkage when the operating board is opened and closed, which is more efficient.
  • the board cover When the board cover is opened, it is linked with the start button of the exhaust device;
  • the plate cover When the plate cover is closed, it is linked with the start button of the drying device and the crushing mechanism to realize the treatment of solid waste.
  • the procedures for opening and closing the door, emitting peculiar smell, and solid waste treatment are simple and highly efficient.
  • the present invention designs a ring-shaped liquid stop near the large mouth end of the receiving cavity to introduce the sputtered liquid into the receiver, making the solid-liquid separation more effective.
  • a scraper is provided on the upper surface of the container.
  • the solid dirt on the upper surface of the container will be scraped to prevent contamination;
  • a slag discharge fan is installed at one end of the scraper. The leaf is used to assist the dried and crushed solid excrement to enter the storage container along the edge of the inner wall of the receiving cavity, and further play a role in assisting the discharge of solid slag.
  • an exhaust device is installed on the side wall of the processor, and the air duct of the exhaust outlet is connected with the side wall of the processor.
  • the geometrical space is simpler, and the occupied volume is smaller and more compact.
  • connection structure between the receiver, the processor, the solid storage device and the liquid storage device of the present invention is simple, convenient to install and easy to disassemble.
  • the solid storage device and the liquid storage device preferably adopt a transparent structure design, which is easier to observe. Convenient for regular production of crushed organic solid fertilizer and liquid fertilizer.
  • the present invention truly realizes waterless toilets. In addition to a small amount of water for regular cleaning and surface cleaning for a long time, the toilets do not need water during normal use; the present invention consumes less power and only has to dry Devices and crushing mechanisms need to consume a small amount of electricity to save energy and reduce costs.
  • the toilet set of the present invention can be designed and constructed under the ground, and can also be built on the ground to support and take and place the space structure.
  • the cost of construction or transformation is low, which is convenient for maintenance and promotion; and the toilet set of the present invention has a wide range of applications. It can be used in rural and remote areas, space, cities, parks, and scenic spots, and can be connected to the outside with squatting equipment and seating equipment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the odorless pneumatic hot toilet according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a structural diagram of the receiving end of the receiver of the present invention
  • Figure 2a is a front cross-sectional view
  • Figure 2b is a top view of the upper end cover
  • Figure 2c is a top view of the insert plate
  • Figure 2d is a top view of the upper flange
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the receiver of the present invention
  • Figure 3a is a front cross-sectional view
  • Figure 3b is a front cross-sectional view of the receiving cavity
  • Figure 3c is a top view of the receiving cavity
  • Figure 3d is a bottom view of the receiving cavity
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the processor structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating part in the processor of the present invention.
  • Figure 5a is a front view
  • Figure 5b is a side view
  • Figure 5c is a top view;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the receiver in the processor of the present invention
  • Fig. 6a is a front view
  • Fig. 6b is a right side view
  • Fig. 6c is a top view
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure and limiting block of the processor of the present invention.
  • Figure 7a is a front view of the processor before the motor is installed
  • Figure 7b is a side view of the processor before the motor is installed
  • Figure 7c is a bottom view of the processor before the motor is installed .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the odorless pneumatic hot toilet of the present invention.
  • the odorless pneumatic hot toilet of the present invention includes a receiver 1, a processor 2, a solid storage device 3, a liquid storage device 4, a drying device and a drain
  • the wind device, the receiver 1, the processor 2 and the storage device 3 are connected in turn from top to bottom.
  • the drying device is connected to the receiver 1, and the storage device 4 is external.
  • the components can be designed under the ground or On the ground, for example, a support and access space structure can be built on the ground, in which the receiver 1 and the processor 2 are relatively fixed to the ground, and the storage device 3 and the liquid storage device 4 can be moved to facilitate collection, removal, and relocation.
  • the odorless pneumatic hot toilet appliance of the present invention also includes an appliance connected to the receiver 1 for people to use the toilet.
  • the appliance may be a common squatting appliance or a seat appliance.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the receiving end of the receiver of the present invention
  • Figure 2a is a front cross-sectional view
  • Figure 2b is a top view of the upper end cover
  • Figure 2c is a top view of the insert plate
  • Figure 2d is a top view of the upper flange.
  • the receiving end of the receiver 1 of the present invention adopts a design that can be opened and closed. When in the open state, the exhaust device is triggered to work, and when in the closed state, the drying device and the crushing mechanism are triggered to work.
  • the specific structure is: the receiving end of the receiver includes an upper end cover 5, an insert plate and an upper flange 8.
  • the insert plate includes an insert plate body 6 and a handle 7, and an insert plate slot is provided on the upper flange 8.
  • the upper end cover 5 and the upper flange 8 match in shape, for example, both are circular.
  • the two are mated and connected.
  • the plug-in board is placed between the two and passes through the threaded hole 25 Use bolts and nuts to fix the connection.
  • the upper end cover 5, the insert plate body 6 and the upper flange 8 are all provided with through holes, preferably the diameter of the through holes is the same, by pulling the handle 7, the insert plate body 6 is moved along the insert plate groove, when the through hole on the insert plate body 6 is When the upper end cover 5 and the through hole of the upper flange 8 communicate, the opening of the receiving end is realized. Push the handle 7 to move the insert plate body 6 to the inside of the insert plate slot. When the through holes on the insert plate body 6 and the through holes of the upper end cover 5 and the upper flange 8 are misaligned and not connected, the receiving end is closed.
  • the first trigger button 27 and the second trigger button 28 are provided at both ends of the through hole of the board slot.
  • the trigger drying device and the crushing mechanism are at a certain distance.
  • the plug-in board body 7 contacts the second trigger button 28 the exhaust device is triggered to work.
  • the first trigger button 27 can also be connected with a time relay to realize delay control of the start and stop of the drying device and the crushing mechanism.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the receiver of the present invention
  • Figure 3a is a front cross-sectional view
  • Figure 3b is a front cross-sectional view of the receiving cavity
  • Figure 3c is a top view of the receiving cavity
  • Figure 3d is a bottom view of the receiving cavity.
  • the receiver 1 is a cavity structure with a receiving cavity 9 whose inner diameter gradually increases from top to bottom.
  • the receiving cavity 9 is used to receive human excrement (including solid feces, toilet paper, liquid urine, etc.) after going to the toilet. ), the opening of the small end face of the receiving cavity 9 can be designed to be equivalent to the diameter of a conventional toilet throat.
  • the longitudinal section of the receiving cavity 9 (also called wind cavity cone) is trapezoidal, preferably isosceles trapezoid .
  • the shape is a truncated cone structure, and preferably the center line of the receiving cavity 9 coincides with the center line of the tray 41 in the crushing mechanism of the processor 2, so that the excrement can fall directly above the crushing mechanism.
  • the side wall of the receiving cavity 9 is a porous structure, and the drying device is connected to the receiver 1.
  • the hot air generated by the drying device enters the receiving cavity 9 through the through holes of the side wall of the receiving cavity 9, and an annular resistance is set near the large end of the receiving cavity 9
  • the liquid barrier 10 is used to allow the sputtering liquid to enter the container 15 inside the processor 2; the setting of the liquid barrier 10 satisfies: the angle between the bus bar of the barrier liquid barrier 10 and the horizontal plane is ⁇ , 0° ⁇ 90° , Preferably 45°.
  • Figures 3b, 3c, and 3d are respectively a front cross-sectional view, a top view and a bottom view of the receiving cavity, where 29 is the hole array, and 30 is the lower edge of the annular liquid baffle 10.
  • the receiving cavity in the receiver of the present invention receives the hot air flow and makes the air flow cover the stored excrement.
  • the air flow is concentrated in a small space, and the drying efficiency of solid excrement is significantly improved, and the processing speed is increased. At the same time, it is close to the large opening of the receiving cavity.
  • the end is designed with a ring-shaped liquid stopper to introduce the sputtered liquid into the receiver, making the solid-liquid separation more effective.
  • liquid splashing is unavoidable. The splashed liquid will enter the container 15 through the hole on the top of the container 15 which will greatly reduce the entry into the container.
  • the liquid of 3 makes the solid-liquid separation effect better.
  • the drying device includes a fan 43, a hot air duct 44, and an air heater 11.
  • the air heater 11 is arranged inside the hot air duct 44.
  • the fan 43 is in communication with the hot air duct 44.
  • the air heater 11 generates hot air flow. 43 is sent into the receiver 1 inside.
  • FIG 4 is a schematic diagram of the processor structure of the present invention. It can be seen from the figure that the processor 2 is a cavity structure with a crushing mechanism, a container 15, a first fixed rod 16, a second fixed rod 21, a scraper 13, and a row The slag fan 14 and the motor protection cover 20.
  • the processor 2 also includes an upper flange 17 of the processor, a restriction block 22 and an outlet pipe 23.
  • an exhaust device is connected to the side wall of the processor 2.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the container in the processor of the present invention
  • Figure 6a is a front view
  • Figure 6b is a right view
  • Figure 6c is a top view
  • the container 15 is a tapered structure with a through hole in the center of the
  • the shaft 34 connecting the motor 42 and the tray 31 passes through, and the upper surface of the tapered structure is a porous structure, as shown in FIG. 6c, forming a porous array.
  • the bottom is connected with the introductory tube 23, and the excrement liquid in the container 15 is introduced into the external reservoir 4.
  • a U-shaped structure is arranged in the middle of the introductory tube 23 to prevent airflow.
  • the end of the introductory tube 23 It communicates with the reservoir 4 through a hose 24 to introduce liquid into the reservoir 4.
  • the diameter of the through holes provided on the upper surface of the tapered structure is 2-6 mm, preferably 4 mm.
  • the crushing mechanism includes a motor 42, a cutting member, a tray 31, and a shaft 34.
  • the shaft 34 passes through a through hole inside the container 15, and the two ends are respectively connected to the motor 42 and the tray 31.
  • the cutting member is set on the tray 31.
  • the tray 31 is connected to the scraper 13.
  • the scraper bar 13 is located at the upper part of the container 15 and the lower part of the annular liquid baffle 10 in the receiving cavity 9.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating component in the processor of the present invention
  • Figure 5a is a front view
  • Figure 5b is a side view
  • Figure 5c is a top view.
  • the cutting member includes a cutter 32 and a wire cutter 33.
  • the cutter 32 is a long triangle cutter, preferably two, and preferably two wire cutters.
  • One end of the scraper rod 13 of the present invention is connected with the slag discharge fan blade 14 to assist the solid waste after drying and crushing to enter the storage device 3.
  • the gap between the slag discharge fan 14 and the inner wall surface of the receiving cavity 9 is 2-5 mm, preferably 3 mm, and the gap between the slag discharge fan blade 14 and the inner wall surface of the receiving cavity 9 is 2-5 mm, preferably 3 mm.
  • the shape of the slag discharge fan blade 14 is a metal sheet (circular, oval, or square, etc.) design, the edge of the metal sheet is welded to the end of the scraper bar 13, and the surface of the metal sheet is connected to the scraper bar 13. In the same plane, the angle of the surface of the metal sheet is preferably set at an angle of 45 degrees to the vertical direction.
  • the slag discharge fan blade 14 may also adopt other structural forms, such as a curved structure.
  • the motor 42 is provided with a motor protection cover 20, the container 15 is fixed on the motor protection cover 20 by the first fixing rod 16 (2 ⁇ 4), and the motor protection cover 20 is fixed on the second fixing rod 21 (2 ⁇ 4) On the inner wall of the processor 2.
  • the side wall of the processor 2 has an outlet with an air duct, which is connected with an exhaust device.
  • the exhaust device includes an exhaust fan 18 and an exhaust pipe 19.
  • the cavity of the processor 2 is a channel for dispersing solid waste and is also drying The collection and distribution center where the hot air flows out. After the hot air in the receiving cavity 9 dries the solid waste, most of the hot air is discharged through the exhaust device installed on the side wall of the processor 2, and a small amount of hot air reaches the solid storage 3 After the bottom is reflected, it is still discharged from the exhaust device installed on the side wall of the processor 2 to achieve the requirement of no peculiar smell.
  • the processor 2 is connected and fixed with the lower flange 12 of the receiver 1 through the upper flange 17, and the processor 2 and the storage device 3 are connected by a limit stop 22, as shown in FIG. 7 is the limit stop in the processor of the present invention.
  • Location diagram Figure 7a is a front view of the processor before the installation of the motor
  • Figure 7b is a side view of the processor before the installation of the motor
  • Figure 7c is a bottom view of the processor before the installation of the motor
  • the limit stop 22 is one
  • the elongated plate is bent into an arc that matches the shape of the outer wall surface of the processor 2, and is fixed and protruding from the outer edge of the bottom of the processor 2, and the storage device 3 is pushed into the lower part of the processor 2, and is restricted by the restriction block 22, so that The storage device 3 is coupled with the outer wall surface of the processor 2, and this design makes the storage device 3 easier to locate, extract and put back.
  • the solid storage 3 and the liquid storage 4 are preferably both transparent cavity structures, which are easy to observe and facilitate the control of maintenance time.
  • the installation method of the odorless pneumatic hot toilet is as follows:
  • the reservoir 3 and the reservoir 4 can be replaced at the same time or separately.
  • the use and control method of the odor-free pneumatic hot toilet set of the present invention only requires the opening and closing of the plug-in board, and the electric switch and the time relay are respectively simultaneously linked to realize the delay control of the power switch, that is, only one button is needed after going to the toilet. Press the operation to complete the waste processing and storage, as follows:
  • the odorless pneumatic hot toilet can be widely used in rural and remote area toilets, space toilets, urban toilets, park toilets or scenic spot toilets, etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Sanitary Device For Flush Toilet (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
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Abstract

一种无异味气动热厕具、安装方法及其应用，厕具包括接收器(1)、处理器(2)、储固器(3)、储液器(4)、烘干装置和排风装置，其中接收器(1)、处理器(2)和储固器(3)依次连接，接收器(1)内设由上至下内径逐渐增大的接收腔(9)，烘干装置与接收器(1)连通，产生的热气流进入接收腔(9)，处理器(2)包括破碎机构和收纳器(15)，人在如厕后，排泄物进入接收腔(9)，其中液体通过收纳器(15)进入储液器(4)，固体在接收腔(9)内经热气流的烘干和破碎机构的破碎后，进入储固器(3)，热气流通过与处理器(2)连接的排风装置向外排出，厕具无异味，并且结构简单，成本低，定期产生固体碎渣和液体等有机肥料，厕具的建造或改造的价格低，耗电量很少，可实现无水厕具。

Description

一种无异味气动热厕具、安装方法及其应用
本申请要求于2019年5月24日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910441099.1、发明名称为“一种无异味气动热厕具、安装方法及其应用”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种无异味气动热厕具、安装方法及其应用，属于环保节能技术领域。
背景技术
市场上，现有的“无水马桶”一般指无水箱的马桶。这种无水马桶的工作原理是，充分利用城市自来水水压并应用流体力学原理，智能地可以辨别厕坑便量多少，再合理地利用相应的水量冲洗，使冲洗的水量和冲洗的动能巧妙匹配，节水效果可达50％以上，因此并不是真的无水。这种“无水马桶”应该称之为“节水马桶”
在一些农村和边远地区，露天厕所还大量存在，即所谓的“茅坑”，或“旱厕”。这些露天厕所除了搭建简单方便外，没有任何可取之处：污染土壤、污染地下水、废物处理难、如厕感受极差……。如果对这些厕所进行升级，基础设施不一定具备。建正常的水厕，需要水管路和下水管路的配套铺设，所需要的资金较多。另外，在偏远地区，缺水地区现实同样存在，“节水马桶”厕具仍难推广。
早期的太空飞行时间较短，航天员要带够足够数量的一次性粪便收集袋。在天上用收集袋采用“袋包的方法”来处理粪便。收集袋袋口有弹性松紧带，使用时张开松紧口使之固定于便器的开口端。便器衬筒的内壁的筒 底开有一系列小孔，使用时通过与外筒相连的抽气管路抽气，形成一定的负压，使用完毕撤出收集袋时，袋孔自动收紧。将盛有废物的收集袋置于外包装袋后投入特定的废物箱。
《载人航天器技术》(戚发轫，国防工业出版社，1999)中，P134的图5-15为“航天飞机组合式便器内部结构示意图”，采用了接收器两路结构。一路是空气、尿和冲洗水；另一路是空气流和固体废物。后者的很多方面专门为空间微重力设计，采用的结构极其复杂，不适用于地面，举例如下：(a)固态接收器采用“椭球形状”结构，制造加工复杂、成本超高。(b)中心下部采用“电机驱动抛掷器”机构，抛掷器上采用“铰接”的一系列刀片向外展开，切碎固态废物，并使之沉积到便器的内壁的“夹层”之中，“夹层”的结构复杂；抛掷器上采用“铰接方法”使转盘与刀片相接，制造复杂；图中铰接的刀片，采用近“平行四边形”、铰接的针刀，采用“端部带钩”，不利于在较低的电机地面转速下，对具有一定粘性的固体废物的切割和排离；转盘边缘平直，如果转盘不转，并有液体废物到边缘时，液体废物会向内流向电机轴。
“环保无水马桶”(CN107802200A)中，采用“液体缓冲槽”和“固体处理筒”接收器结构，内设电机旋转切割粉碎装置。该结构除异味装置缺失，专利中阐述“通过单向活门或单向阀门可以有效防止下反味现象的发生”，这只能防止“反异味”而不能实现“无异味”。(b)腔体结构形状偏复杂、同一横截面的内外套偏多、腔体数量偏多(如3、4、13、14、15、16等等)，腔体壁面有柱形、锥形、非规则曲面形。(c)固体处理筒采用外侧面缠电热丝烘干加热方式，热惯性大，筒壁热容需先吸收大量的热，对固体废物只是通过导热加热，与筒内壁面相接触的固体废物毕竟占极少的面积比例，对固体废物的加热烘干效率低。(d)外分离筒、内分离盘之间设有“竖向连接板”，结构复杂，焊接难度大，成本高。(e)不但设电机切割装置，而且设有“固体排出泵”，“固体排出泵”成本占比较大，而且其进出接口需要一定 空间和接口设计，进一步增加了复杂程度和成本。(f)采用温度传感器、湿度传感器，通过测量得到的温度、湿度值和相应“预设阈值”来控制“加热装置”和“粉碎电机”的启动和停止，控制复杂、可靠性差，环境温度改变时需要再次“预设阈值”，方便性差。(g)只适合于座位厕具，不适于蹲位。(h)马桶只能干燥和处理废物，外部需要再设“固体废物和液体废物的存储器”。(i)拆装难度大，维护成本高。
“无水马桶”(CN104127151B)，采用尿液处理系统、粪便粉碎部和干燥部，该无水马桶的缺陷如下：(a)通过“高温将尿液和粪便中的液体蒸发”，因为尿液中水分占大部分，这种方式将耗费大量的热量和电力。(b)粉碎和输送装置过于复杂，制造难度大，成本高，例如，“粉碎室”包括“粉碎腔体、轮轴、电机”；“输送装置”包括“输送腔体、第一涡轮、第二涡轮、第二传动轴、第三传动轴和传送电机”。(c)采用“红外感应器和数据处理器”来感应人体和马桶的距离，只适用于高档座位马桶，成本高。(d)采用“负离子次氯酸钠发生器”进行处菌，需定期添加药液，一方面产生的废料具有了化学添加的结果；另一方面，维护步骤多，维护成本高。(e)驱动方面，采用“驱动电机”和“烘干电机”，因电机成本占制造成本相当的比例，增加一个电机，成本增加。(f)“齿轮、涡轮”的用量过多，由于它们的加工复杂，精度要求高，难度大，再加上数量多，成本增加幅度巨大，例如有，“驱动齿轮15”、“齿条17”、“第二齿轮28”、“第一齿轮29”、“烘干齿轮27”、“粉碎齿轮38”、“排便齿轮40”、“第一涡轮18”、“第二涡轮19”、“同步带轮22”，等等，还必须有相应的轴和配套连接。
“固体污物快速分解处理装置”(CN1974967A)，利用“真空、微波”干燥处理的办法，将固体废物处理成无菌无异味的“干片”，分析如下。(a)“真空”方法，需要额外真空设备，投入大；需要额外的抽气形成真空室的处理时间，处理时间滞后多。(b)微波磁控管和处理腔室过多，例如，至少三个室内都有多组磁控管和灯。(c)泵和电机数量也偏多，例如“固液分离2”、 “螺旋7”、“污水8”、“水12”、“电机36”、“真空22”等等，成本高。(d)结构复杂，拆装不方便，清洁维护成本高。
“无水厕所”(CN201414748Y)中，采用“热风机、除湿机和同步加热器”拟实现“纯粹固体废物的处理”，分析如下。(a)此实用新型只设“粪盆”，没有设“液体废物的出口和存储器”，因此要求如厕者只能进行“大解”，而不能“小解”，不现实，因为尿液进入“粪盆”后，系统无法干燥。(b)对于使用“粪盆”中使“突出”的固体废物，采用水平移动的“垂直片状刮平器”来“刮平”，需额外电机驱动，结构复杂，成本高。(c)电器数量也偏多，例如“热风机8”、“除湿机11”、“抽风机15”、“大抽风机18”、“小抽风机19”、“加热器12”、“电动刮平器20”等等，部件多必然导致成本高。(d)电驱动风道与外界接口多，有2-3个。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的上述缺陷，提供一种无异味气动热厕具，该厕具利用气动热原理实现无异味，如厕者体验佳，并且结构简单，成本低，可实现固体废物的烘干、破碎以及固液分离，定期产生固体碎渣和液体等有机肥料，厕具的建造或改造的价格低，便于清洁和维护，耗电量很少，除定期打扫卫生需必要少量的水外，可实现绝对的无水厕具。
本发明的另外一个目的在于提供一种无异味气动热厕具的安装方法。
本发明的再一个目的在于提供一种无异味气动热厕具的应用。
本发明的上述目的主要是通过如下技术方案予以实现的：
一种无异味气动热厕具，包括接收器、处理器、储固器、储液器、烘干装置和排风装置，其中接收器、处理器和储固器依次连接，所述接收器内设由上至下内径逐渐增大的接收腔，烘干装置与接收器连通，产生的热气流进入接收腔，所述处理器包括破碎机构和收纳器，人在如厕后，排泄物进入所述接收腔，排泄物中的液体通过收纳器进入储液器，排泄物中的固体在接收腔内经热气流的烘干处理和破碎机构的破碎处理后，进入储固 器，热气流通过与处理器连接的排风装置向外排出。
在上述无异味气动热厕具中，所述接收器的接收端部为可开合设计，打开状态时，触发排风装置工作，闭合状态时，触发烘干装置与破碎机构工作。
在上述无异味气动热厕具中，所述接收器的接收端部包括上端盖、插板和上法兰，所述上法兰上开设插板槽，用于容纳所述插板，上端盖与上法兰配合连接，将插板置于二者之间；上端盖、插板和上法兰均开设通孔，插板可沿插板槽移动，当插板上的通孔与上端盖和上法兰的通孔连通时，实现所述接收端部的打开，当插板上的通孔与上端盖和上法兰的通孔不连通时，实现所述接收端部的闭合。
在上述无异味气动热厕具中，所述第一触发按钮和第二触发按钮分别设置在所述插板槽上，所述插板与第一触发按钮接触时，触发烘干装置与破碎机构工作，所述插板与第二触发按钮接触时，触发排风装置工作。
在上述无异味气动热厕具中，所述接收腔的纵截面为梯形，侧壁为多孔结构。
在上述无异味气动热厕具中，靠近所述接收腔的大口端设置环形阻液挡，用于使溅射液体进入收纳器。
在上述无异味气动热厕具中，所述阻液挡的设置满足：设阻液挡的母线与水平面的夹角为α，0°<α≤90°。
在上述无异味气动热厕具中，所述处理器还包括刮杆，所述刮杆设置在收纳器的上部，位于接收腔中环形阻液挡的下部，随破碎机构一同转动。
在上述无异味气动热厕具中，所述破碎机构包括电机、切割件、托盘和轴，所述切割件设置在托盘上，所述轴穿过收纳器，两端分别连接电机和托盘，托盘与刮杆连接。
在上述无异味气动热厕具中，所述刮杆为两个，且在同一条直线上。
在上述无异味气动热厕具中，所述刮杆一端连接排渣扇叶，用于辅助 经烘干和破碎后的固体排泄物进入储固器。
在上述无异味气动热厕具中，所述排渣扇叶与接收腔内壁面之间的间隙为2～5mm，与环形阻液挡之间的间隙为2～5mm。
在上述无异味气动热厕具中，所述切割件包括切刀和丝刀。
在上述无异味气动热厕具中，所述收纳器为锥形结构，内部中心设置贯通孔用于使连接电机与托盘的轴穿过，所述锥形结构的上表面为多孔结构，底部与引液管连接，将收纳器中的排泄物液体引入储液器。
在上述无异味气动热厕具中，所述引液管包括U型结构段。
在上述无异味气动热厕具中，所述锥形结构的上表面开设通孔的孔径为2～6mm。
在上述无异味气动热厕具中，所述电机外设置电机保护罩，所述收纳器通过第一固定杆固定在电机保护罩上，电机保护罩通过第二固定杆固定在处理器的内壁上。
在上述无异味气动热厕具中，所述接收器与处理器之间通过法兰连接；所述处理器与储固器之间通过限制挡连接；所述限制挡为长条形板材弯成与处理器外壁面形状匹配的弧形，固定在处理器外壁面并伸出处理器底部外缘。
在上述无异味气动热厕具中，所述烘干装置包括风机、送热风管和风加热器，风加热器设置在送热风管内部，风机与送热风管连通。
在上述无异味气动热厕具中，还包括与接收器连接的供人如厕使用的器具；所述器具包括蹲位器具或座位器具。
在上述无异味气动热厕具中，所述储固器与储液器均为透明腔体结构。
上述无异味气动热厕具的安装方法，包括如下步骤：
将接收器与供人如厕使用的器具连接，接口处进行密封；
将接收器与处理器连接固定；
将处理器与储固器连接固定；
将处理器中的收纳器与储液器通过引液管连通。
在上述无异味气动热厕具的安装方法中，将接收器的下法兰与处理器的上法兰连接，并通过螺栓带螺母连接固定；所述处理器与储固器之间通过限制挡连接固定。
上述无异味气动热厕具在农村及边远地区厕具、太空厕具、城市厕具、公园厕具或景点厕具中的应用。
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下有益效果：
(1)、本发明提供的无异味气动热厕具，由接收器、处理器、储固器、储液器、烘干装置和排风装置构成，该厕具利用排气和气动热原理实现无异味，不但能满足如厕者的佳体验感要求，而且能定期产生固体碎渣和液体等有机肥料，此外厕具的建造或改造的价格低，便于清洁和维护，耗电量很少，除定期打扫卫生需必要少量的水外，可实现绝对的无水厕具；
(2)、本发明接收器中的接收腔接收热气流，并使气流罩住收纳的排泄物，气流集中于较小空间，对固体排泄物的烘干效率显著提高，提升处理速度，之后绝大部分热气流通过处理器侧壁安装的排风装置向外排出，少量热气流到达储固器底部后经反射仍从处理器侧壁安装的排风装置向外排出，实现无异味要求。
(3)、本发明通过将接收器的接收端部设计为可开合结构，使得厕具的除异味能力更强，如厕前，将接收端部打开，触发排风装置工作，对厕具各腔体少量抽气，实现无异味，如厕后，将接收端部闭合，触发烘干装置与破碎机构短时间工作，对排泄物进行快速处理，并将热气流向外排出。
(4)、本发明通过对接收器接收端部结构的巧妙设计，使得操作插板开启、闭合时同时实现双联动，效率更高，插板盖打开时和排风装置启动按钮连动；插板盖关闭时和烘干装置及破碎机构的启动按钮连动实现固体废物的处理，开关门、放异味、固体废物处理程序控制简单，效率高。
(5)、本发明通过对接收腔进行优化设计，在靠近接收腔大口端设计 环形阻液挡，将溅射的液体导入收纳器，使得固液分离更有效。
(6)、本发明通过在收纳器上表面设置刮杆，托盘转动时，会刮下收纳器上表面上沾住的固态污物，实现防沾污；此外通过在刮杆一端安装排渣扇叶，用于辅助经烘干和破碎后的固体排泄物沿接收腔的内壁边缘进入储固器，进一步起到助排固渣的作用。
(7)、本发明在处理器的侧壁安装排风装置，将排风出口的风道与处理器侧壁相接，几何空间更简单，占用体积更小，更紧凑。
(8)、本发明接收器、处理器、储固器和储液器之间的连接结构简单，安装方便、易于拆卸，同时储固器与储液器优选采用透明结构设计，更易于观察，方便定期产出碎渣状有机固体肥料和液体肥料。
(9)、本发明真正实现无水厕具，除较长时间定期进行清洗和表面净洁处理需要少量水外，厕具正常使用中不需要用水；本发明耗电量少，仅有烘干装置和破碎机构等需要消耗少量电，节省能源，降低成本。
(10)、本发明厕具可以设计施工在地面下，也可以在地面上建筑支撑和取放空间结构，建造或改造的价格低，便于维护、推广；并且本发明厕具适用范围广，在农村及边远地区、太空、城市、公园、景区中均可应用，并且外部与蹲位器具和座位器具等均可连接使用。
附图说明
图1为本发明无异味气动热厕具结构示意图；
图2为本发明接收器的接收端部结构示意图；其中图2a为正面剖视图，图2b为上端盖俯视图，图2c为插板俯视图，图2d为上法兰俯视图；
图3为本发明接收器结构示意图；其中图3a为正面剖视图，图3b为接收腔正面剖视图，图3c为接收腔俯视图，图3d为接收腔仰视图；
图4为本发明处理器结构示意图；
图5为本发明处理器中转动部件结构示意图；其中图5a为正视图，图5b为侧视图，图5c为俯视图；
图6为本发明处理器中收纳器结构示意图；其中图6a为正视图，图6b为右视图，图6c为俯视图；
图7为本发明处理器部分结构及限制挡示意图；其中图7a为安装电机前处理器的正视图，图7b为安装电机前处理器的侧视图，图7c为安装电机前处理器的仰视图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述：
如图1为本发明无异味气动热厕具结构示意图，由图可知本发明无异味气动热厕具包括接收器1、处理器2、储固器3、储液器4、烘干装置和排风装置，接收器1、处理器2和储固器3由上至下依次连接，烘干装置与接收器1连通，储液器4外置，各部件可以设计在地面下，也可以设计在地面上，例如可以在地面上建筑一个支撑和取放空间结构，其中接收器1和处理器2与地面相对固定，储固器3和储液器4可活动，方便地收集、取出，再放入。本发明无异味气动热厕具还包括与接收器1连接的供人如厕使用的器具，例如该器具可以为通常的蹲位器具或座位器具。
如图2所示为本发明接收器的接收端部结构示意图；其中图2a为正面剖视图，图2b为上端盖俯视图，图2c为插板俯视图，图2d为上法兰俯视图。本发明接收器1的接收端部采用可开合设计，打开状态时，触发排风装置工作，闭合状态时，触发烘干装置与破碎机构工作。如图所示，具体结构为：接收器的接收端部包括上端盖5、插板和上法兰8，插板包括插板本体6与手柄7，上法兰8上开设插板槽，用于容纳插板本体6与手柄7的一部分，上端盖5与上法兰8形状相匹配，例如均为圆形，二者配合连接，将插板置于二者之间，并通过螺纹孔25采用螺栓螺母固定连接。上端盖5、插板本体6和上法兰8均开设通孔，优选通孔直径相同，通过拉动手柄7，使插板本体6沿插板槽移动，当插板本体6上的通孔与上端盖5和上法兰8的通孔连通时，实现接收端部的打开。推动手柄7，将插板本体 6向插板槽内侧移动，当插板本体6上的通孔与上端盖5和上法兰8的通孔错位不连通时，实现接收端部的闭合。
如图2d所示，插板槽的通孔两端设置第一触发按钮27和第二触发按钮28，插板本体6与第一触发按钮27接触时，触发烘干装置与破碎机构在一定的短时间内工作，插板本体7与第二触发按钮28接触时，触发排风装置工作。第一触发按钮27还可以与时间继电器连接，实现延时控制烘干装置与破碎机构的启动和停止。
如图3所示为本发明接收器结构示意图；其中图3a为正面剖视图，图3b为接收腔正面剖视图，图3c为接收腔俯视图，图3d为接收腔仰视图。接收器1为腔体结构，内设有由上至下内径逐渐增大的接收腔9，接收腔9用于接收人在如厕后的排泄物(包括固体粪便、厕纸和液体尿液等)，接收腔9的小端面的开口可以设计成与常规马桶喉部口径相当，本发明一可选实施例中，接收腔9(也称风腔圆锥)的纵截面为梯形，优选等腰梯形，外形为圆台结构，且优选接收腔9中心线与处理器2的破碎机构中托盘41的中心线重合，使得排泄物可以落在破碎机构的正上方。
接收腔9的侧壁为多孔结构，烘干装置与接收器1连通，烘干装置产生的热气流经过接收腔9的侧壁通孔进入接收腔9，靠近接收腔9的大口端设置环形阻液挡10，用于使溅射液体进入处理器2内部的收纳器15；阻液挡10的设置满足：设阻液挡10的母线与水平面的夹角为α，0°<α≤90°，优选45°。如图3b、3c、3d分别为接收腔正面剖视图、俯视图和仰视图，其中标号29为孔阵列，30为环形阻液挡10的下缘。
本发明接收器中的接收腔接收热气流，并使气流罩住收纳的排泄物，气流集中于较小空间，对固体排泄物的烘干效率显著提高，提升处理速度，同时在靠近接收腔大口端设计环形阻液挡，将溅射的液体导入收纳器，使得固液分离更有效。如厕时，液体溅射无法避免，溅射起来的液体，受到接收腔边缘的环形阻液挡的围档，会通过收纳器15顶部的多孔进 入收纳器15，这会大大减少进入储固器3的液体，使得固液分离效果更好。
烘干装置包括风机43、送热风管44和风加热器11，风加热器11设置在送热风管44内部，风机43与送热风管44连通，风加热器11产生热气流，由风机43送入接收器1内部。
如图4所示为本发明处理器结构示意图，由图可知处理器2为腔体结构，内部设置破碎机构、收纳器15、第一固定杆16、第二固定杆21、刮杆13、排渣扇叶14和电机保护罩20，处理器2还包括处理器上法兰17、限制挡22和引出管23，此外排风装置与处理器2侧壁面连接。
如图6所示为本发明处理器中收纳器结构示意图；其中图6a为正视图，图6b为右视图，图6c为俯视图；收纳器15为锥形结构，内部中心设置贯通孔用于使连接电机42与托盘31的轴34穿过，锥形结构的上表面为多孔结构，如图6c所示，形成多孔阵列。底部与引液管23连接，将收纳器15中的排泄物液体引入外部储液器4，引液管23的中间设一U型结构，起到阻止气流的作用，引液管23的端部通过软管24与储液器4连通，将液体导入储液器4。锥形结构的上表面开设通孔的孔径为2～6mm，优选4mm。
如图4所示，破碎机构包括电机42、切割件、托盘31和轴34，轴34穿过收纳器15内部的通孔，两端分别连接电机42和托盘31，切割件设置在托盘31上，托盘31与刮杆13连接。刮杆13位于收纳器15的上部，接收腔9中环形阻液挡10的下部，本发明一可选实施例中，刮杆13为两个，且在同一条直线上，随破碎机构工作时，随托盘31一同转动。托盘31转动时，刮杆13会刮下收纳器15上表面上沾住的固态污物，实现防沾污，黏度大的固态废物通过刮离和风干，沾污降低到最小，同时刮杆13也防止收纳器15上表面的通孔堵塞。
如图5所示为本发明处理器中转动部件结构示意图；其中图5a为正视图，图5b为侧视图，图5c为俯视图。切割件包括切刀32和丝刀33，本 发明一可选实施例中切刀32为长三角切刀，优选2个，丝刀优选2个。本发明刮杆13一端连接排渣扇叶14，用于辅助经烘干和破碎后的固体排泄物进入储固器3。排渣扇叶14与接收腔9内壁面之间的间隙2～5mm，优选3mm，与环形阻液挡10之间的间隙为2～5mm，优选3mm。处理器2烘干并切碎固体废物后，小颗粒的固体废物沿接收腔9边缘向下流出处理器2，进入储固器3，在刮杆13端部增加排渣扇叶14，更有利于助排固渣，大颗粒的固体废物在刮杆13的作用下，继续经过切割件的破碎变为小颗粒后沿接收腔9边缘向下流出，进入储固器3。本发明一可选实施例中，排渣扇叶14的形状采用金属片(圆形、椭圆形或方形等)设计，金属片边缘与刮杆13的端部焊接，金属片表面与刮杆13在同一平面内，优选金属片表面的角度设置与竖直方向成45度角。排渣扇叶14也可以采用其他结构形式，例如曲面结构等。
电机42外设置电机保护罩20，收纳器15通过第一固定杆16(2～4个)固定在电机保护罩20上，电机保护罩20通过第二固定杆21(2～4个)固定在处理器2的内壁上。
如图4所示，处理器2侧壁面开风道出口，连接排风装置，排风装置包括排风扇18和排风管19，处理器2的腔体为固态废物的散落通道，同时也是烘干热气流流出的集散地，接收腔9内的热气流对固体废物进行烘干处理后，绝大部分热气流通过处理器2侧壁安装的排风装置向外排出，少量热气流到达储固器3底部后经反射仍从处理器2侧壁安装的排风装置向外排出，实现无异味要求。
处理器2通过上法兰17与接收器1的下法兰12连接固定，处理器2与储固器3之间通过限制挡22连接，如图7所示为本发明处理器中限制挡的位置示意图；其中图7a为安装电机前处理器的正视图，图7b为安装电机前处理器的侧视图，图7c为安装电机前处理器的仰视图，如图所示，限制挡22为一长条形板材弯成与处理器2外壁面形状相匹配的弧形，固定并 伸出处理器2底部外缘，储固器3推入处理器2的下部，受限制挡22的限制，使储固器3与处理器2的外壁面耦合，该设计使储固器3更方便定位、抽取、放回。
本发明一可选实施例中，储固器3与储液器4优选均为透明腔体结构，易观察，并有利于控制维护时间。
本发明无异味气动热厕具的安装方法如下：
先根据地理环境确定是室内还是室外(如旱厕改造)、确定采用蹲位还是座位厕具，评估施工材料和施工成本和承受水平。确定是地面上部，或地面下部安装厕具，完成基础设施和其他厕具位置、数量和定位设施的基础工程后，进行本发明以下的实施操作步骤。
(1)、设定接收器1的接收端口与传统的蹲位或座位便器的喉口统一，并进行连接固定，接口法兰推荐采用多螺柱加螺母连接，表面缝隙采用防水防热密封胶密封。
(2)、将接收器1的下法兰与处理器2的上法兰连接，螺栓螺母固定。
(3)、设定好基座面、储固器3高度与处理器2的位置后，将储固器3推入处理器2下面的弧形限制挡挡住的位置，实现处理器2和储固器3的简单连接，具有一定的气体密封性。
(4)、将处理器2中的收纳器15与储液器4通过引液管23连通，并将引液管23端部的软管24伸入储液器4。
(5)、储固器3或储液器4同时或不同时储满时，可同时或单独抽换储固器3、取换储液器4。
(6)、定期维护时，只需将接收器1和处理器2间的法兰的螺栓螺母解锁，对二者进行清理，再安装即可。
本发明无异味气动热厕具的使用和控制方法，只需要插板的开启和关闭，与电的开关、时间继电器分别同时联动，实现接电开关延时控制，即如厕后只需一次按钮按动操作，就完成了废物的处理和收纳，具体如下：
(1)、无人如厕时，插板封闭、电器全部关闭，厕具内部角落少量异味源受到隔绝。
(2)、在人如厕前，打开插板，插板本体7与第二触发按钮28接触，排风装置微排风启动，异味源风向单向受控，无异味；排泄物中的液体进入收收纳器15通过引液管23进入储液器4。
(3)、在人如厕后，关闭插板，插板本体7与第一触发按钮27接触，触发烘干装置与破碎机构工作，进行排泄物中固体废物切割烘干；小块碎渣在刮杆扇叶的驱动下进入储固器3；大块固体废物继续受到切割烘干变小后进入储固器3；继电器控制时间延迟，热气流发生器、电机工作一定时间后，延时关停。
(4)、下一位如厕时，重复步骤(2)、(3)操作。
(5)、一定时间后，同时或不同时清空储固器3、储液器4；必要时进入维护环节，分离处理器2和接收器1进行内部清洁处理再安装。
本发明无异味气动热厕具可广泛应用于农村及边远地区厕具、太空厕具、城市厕具、公园厕具或景点厕具等。
以上所述，仅为本发明最佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
本发明说明书中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员的公知技术。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种无异味气动热厕具，其特征在于：包括接收器、处理器、储固器、储液器、烘干装置和排风装置，其中接收器、处理器和储固器依次连接，所述接收器内设由上至下内径逐渐增大的接收腔，烘干装置与接收器连通，产生的热气流进入接收腔，所述处理器包括破碎机构和收纳器，人在如厕后，排泄物进入所述接收腔，排泄物中的液体通过收纳器进入储液器，排泄物中的固体在接收腔内经热气流的烘干处理和破碎机构的破碎处理后，进入储固器，热气流通过与处理器连接的排风装置向外排出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的无异味气动热厕具，其特征在于：所述接收器的接收端部为可开合设计，打开状态时，触发排风装置工作，闭合状态时，触发烘干装置与破碎机构工作。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的无异味气动热厕具，其特征在于：所述接收器的接收端部包括上端盖、插板和上法兰，所述上法兰上开设插板槽，用于容纳所述插板，上端盖与上法兰配合连接，将插板置于二者之间；上端盖、插板和上法兰均开设通孔，插板可沿插板槽移动，当插板上的通孔与上端盖和上法兰的通孔连通时，实现所述接收端部的打开，当插板上的通孔与上端盖和上法兰的通孔不连通时，实现所述接收端部的闭合。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的无异味气动热厕具，其特征在于：所述第一触发按钮和第二触发按钮分别设置在所述插板槽上，所述插板与第一触发按钮接触时，触发烘干装置与破碎机构工作，所述插板与第二触发按钮接触时，触发排风装置工作。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的无异味气动热厕具，其特征在于：所述接收腔的纵截面为梯形，侧壁为多孔结构。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的无异味气动热厕具，其特征在于：靠近所述接收腔的大口端设置环形阻液挡，用于使溅射液体进入收纳器。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的无异味气动热厕具，其特征在于：所述阻液挡的设置满足：设阻液挡的母线与水平面的夹角为α，0°<α≤90°。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的无异味气动热厕具，其特征在于：所述处理器还包括刮杆，所述刮杆设置在收纳器的上部，位于接收腔中环形阻液挡的下部，随破碎机构一同转动。
  9. 根据权利要求1或8所述的无异味气动热厕具，其特征在于：所述破碎机构包括电机、切割件、托盘和轴，所述切割件设置在托盘上，所述轴穿过收纳器，两端分别连接电机和托盘，托盘与刮杆连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的无异味气动热厕具，其特征在于：所述刮杆为两个，且在同一条直线上。
  11. 根据权利要求8或10所述的无异味气动热厕具，其特征在于：所述刮杆一端连接排渣扇叶，用于辅助经烘干和破碎后的固体排泄物进入储固器。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的无异味气动热厕具，其特征在于：所述排渣扇叶与接收腔内壁面之间的间隙为2～5mm，与环形阻液挡之间的间隙为2～5mm。
  13. 根据权利要求9所述的无异味气动热厕具，其特征在于：所述切割件包括切刀和丝刀。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的无异味气动热厕具，其特征在于：所述收纳器为锥形结构，内部中心设置贯通孔用于使连接电机与托盘的轴穿过，所述锥形结构的上表面为多孔结构，底部与引液管连接，将收纳器中的排泄物液体引入储液器。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的无异味气动热厕具，其特征在于：所述引液管包括U型结构段。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的无异味气动热厕具，其特征在于：所述锥形结构的上表面开设通孔的孔径为2～6mm。
  17. 根据权利要求9所述的无异味气动热厕具，其特征在于：所述电机外设置电机保护罩，所述收纳器通过第一固定杆固定在电机保护罩上，电机保护罩通过第二固定杆固定在处理器的内壁上。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的无异味气动热厕具，其特征在于：所述接收器与处理器之间通过法兰连接；所述处理器与储固器之间通过限制挡连接；所述限制挡为长条形板材弯成与处理器外壁面形状匹配的弧形，固定在处理器外壁面并伸出处理器底部外缘。
  19. 根据权利要求1所述的无异味气动热厕具，其特征在于：所述烘干装置包括风机、送热风管和风加热器，风加热器设置在送热风管内部，风机与送热风管连通。
  20. 根据权利要求1所述的无异味气动热厕具，其特征在于：还包括与接收器连接的供人如厕使用的器具；所述器具包括蹲位器具或座位器具。
  21. 根据权利要求1所述的无异味气动热厕具，其特征在于：所述储固器与储液器均为透明腔体结构。
  22. 权利要求1～21之一所述的无异味气动热厕具的安装方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
    将接收器与供人如厕使用的器具连接，接口处进行密封；
    将接收器与处理器连接固定；
    将处理器与储固器连接固定；
    将处理器中的收纳器与储液器通过引液管连通。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的无异味气动热厕具的安装方法，其特征在于：将接收器的下法兰与处理器的上法兰连接，并通过螺栓带螺母连接固定；所述处理器与储固器之间通过限制挡连接固定。
  24. 权利要求1～21之一所述的无异味气动热厕具在农村及边远地区厕具、太空厕具、城市厕具、公园厕具或景点厕具中的应用。
PCT/CN2019/120174 2019-05-24 2019-11-22 一种无异味气动热厕具、安装方法及其应用 WO2020238084A1 (zh)

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