WO2020183804A1 - 輻輳海域の避航操船方法および一軸二舵船の避航操船システム - Google Patents
輻輳海域の避航操船方法および一軸二舵船の避航操船システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020183804A1 WO2020183804A1 PCT/JP2019/045627 JP2019045627W WO2020183804A1 WO 2020183804 A1 WO2020183804 A1 WO 2020183804A1 JP 2019045627 W JP2019045627 W JP 2019045627W WO 2020183804 A1 WO2020183804 A1 WO 2020183804A1
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- ship
- thrust
- propeller
- rudder
- course
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B43/00—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for
- B63B43/18—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for preventing collision or grounding; reducing collision damage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
- B63H25/02—Initiating means for steering, for slowing down, otherwise than by use of propulsive elements, or for dynamic anchoring
- B63H25/04—Initiating means for steering, for slowing down, otherwise than by use of propulsive elements, or for dynamic anchoring automatic, e.g. reacting to compass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
- B63H25/06—Steering by rudders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
- B63H25/06—Steering by rudders
- B63H25/38—Rudders
- B63H25/382—Rudders movable otherwise than for steering purposes; Changing geometry
- B63H25/383—Rudders movable otherwise than for steering purposes; Changing geometry with deflecting means able to reverse the water stream direction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
- B63H25/50—Slowing-down means not otherwise provided for
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G3/00—Traffic control systems for marine craft
- G08G3/02—Anti-collision systems
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
- B63H25/06—Steering by rudders
- B63H2025/066—Arrangements of two or more rudders; Steering gear therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
- B63H25/06—Steering by rudders
- B63H25/08—Steering gear
- B63H25/14—Steering gear power assisted; power driven, i.e. using steering engine
- B63H25/26—Steering engines
- B63H25/28—Steering engines of fluid type
- B63H25/30—Steering engines of fluid type hydraulic
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a collision prevention technique with respect to a method of avoiding a ship in a congested sea area and a system of avoiding a ship with a single-screw two-rudder.
- the International Maritime Organization (IMO International Maritime Organization) has made the following resolutions regarding the designation of shipping routes.
- the purpose of ship's route designation is "water areas where ships are concentrated and waters with high ship traffic density, or limited room for maneuvering, presence of navigation obstacles, limited water depth or unfavorable weather conditions. Therefore, to improve the safety of navigation in water areas where freedom of maneuvering is restricted. ”(To improve the safety of navigation in converging areas and in area where the density of traffic is great or where freedom of movement of shipping is restricted by sea-room, the existence of obstructions to navigation, limited depths or unfavorable meteorological conditions).
- the water areas defined by the above IMO are collectively referred to as congested waters.
- Japan there is the Maritime Collision Prevention Law as a law to prevent ship collisions.
- This law is a traffic rule for ships.
- the navigation of a crossing ship stipulates that when two ships cross each other's course and there is a risk of collision, the ship that sees the other ship on the starboard side avoids the other ship.
- the navigation of the vessels to and from each other stipulates that if two vessels face each other directly and there is a risk of collision, they will pass each other on the port side of the other vessel.
- This is mounted on a ship together with a radar device, and is a means for detecting other ships that detects the length, course and speed of other ships existing around the own ship from the image information obtained by the radar device, and others.
- the stop performance calculation means that calculates the stop performance based on the relative speed of the other ship to the own ship detected by the ship detection means and the detected length of the ship, the calculated stop performance and the characteristics of the sea area in which the vessel is navigating. Based on the above, it is provided with a means for calculating a danger area for obtaining a danger area where a risk of collision with another ship may occur when the own ship enters, and a means for displaying the obtained danger area on the screen.
- Japanese Patent Publication Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-52887
- This is a rudder that activates the emergency steering means in an emergency and controls the rudder control means in preference to any normal steering mode so that the propeller wake is maximized as the reverse thrust on the two high lift rudders.
- An angle is given, and the backward thrust force gives the ship a backward force that opposes the inertial force in the forward direction of the ship to make the ship make an emergency stop or move backward.
- the reverse thrust can be obtained immediately, and the ship can be stopped or moved backward in a short time and in a short distance with a small number of steps.
- it does not control the magnitude of the braking force.
- Japanese Patent Publication Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2018-103816 describes a thrust system in which two high-lift rudders are arranged.
- each of the two high-lift rudders can be steered 105 ° to the outboard (outer side) and 35 ° to the inboard (inner side). While keeping the propeller forward rotation of one unit and one axis, one-to-two high-lift rudders are independently operated at various angles to change the combination of rudders on both sides. Distributes the propeller wake in the desired direction. The wake of the propeller is controlled to control the forward / backward movement, stop, forward turn, reverse turn, etc. of the ship.
- the thrust in the target propulsion direction of the ship is controlled steplessly and finely from the maximum forward speed to the maximum reverse speed.
- the braking force is not applied in the direction opposite to the propulsion direction, and the magnitude of the braking force is not controlled.
- the sea areas to which the Maritime Traffic Safety Law is applied or the sea areas to which the Port Regulations Law is applied are congested sea areas (Tokyo Bay, Ise Bay, Seto Inland Sea and Kanmon Port), and semi-congested sea areas (Tokyo Bay Bay mouth-stone corridor connecting congested sea areas).
- the sea area from off Sai to the mouth of Isewan Bay, off Cape Shio, off Cape Muroto, and off Cape Ashizuri to the Seto Inland Sea) is defined.
- a general deceleration method for a uniaxial and unisteed ship is to decelerate or stop the main engine and naturally decelerate due to the resistance of water received by the hull.
- the main engine is rotated in the reverse direction to forcibly decelerate, it takes time to steer, which is usually not possible as an avoidance maneuver performed on a uniaxial one-rudder vessel.
- the agility of movement is low, sudden start, sudden stop, and sharp turn are impossible, and the risk of collision of the ship increases.
- the vessel performs avoidance maneuvering to change the course direction early, but in congested sea areas, it is necessary to perform avoidance maneuvering at a position close to the partner ship, which makes maneuvering difficult.
- the own ship 602 is steered to the starboard direction and takes a course passing behind the crossing ship. After that, the ship 602 is steered to the port side and returned to the original target course 603.
- the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and promptly decelerates (brake) by a forced and controlled braking force without decelerating the main engine while maintaining the original course in a congested sea area. It is an object of the present invention to provide an avoidance maneuvering method in a congested sea area and an avoidance maneuvering system for a uniaxial two-rudder ship, which can accelerate quickly after releasing the deceleration and can avoid and maneuver a ship in a short distance in a short time.
- one propulsion propeller placed at the stern always keeps forward rotation, and the steering angle is set to a pair of left and right high lift rudders placed behind the propulsion propeller. Is given to make the thrust of the wake of the propeller the backward thrust, and the reverse thrust decelerates the own ship against the inertial force in the forward direction of the own ship to avoid collision with the other ship.
- the rudder angle given to both high lift rudders is controlled in the range from the rudder angle at which the wake of the propeller acts as the maximum backward thrust to the rudder angle at which the forward thrust of the wake of the propeller is eliminated, and according to the rudder angle.
- the reverse thrust is increased or decreased to control the deceleration of the ship speed.
- the steering angle of both high lift rudders is controlled, and the thrust of the wake of the propeller is used as the forward thrust to continuously navigate the target course.
- one propulsion propeller placed at the stern always keeps forward rotation, and the steering angle is set to a pair of left and right high lift rudders placed behind the propulsion propeller. Is given to make the thrust of the wake of the propeller the backward thrust, and the reverse thrust decelerates the own ship against the inertial force in the forward direction of the own ship to avoid collision with the other ship.
- the rudder angle given to both high lift rudders is the rudder angle that maximizes the wake of the propeller as the backward thrust, and the number of rotations of the propulsion propeller is increased or decreased while the propulsion propeller remains in forward rotation. Then, the reverse thrust is increased or decreased according to the propeller rotation speed to control the deceleration of the ship speed.
- the steering angle of both high lift rudders is controlled, and the thrust of the wake of the propeller is used as the forward thrust to continuously navigate the target course.
- the deceleration maneuvering can control the reverse thrust according to the distance to the other ship and secure the time required for the other ship to pass across the course of the own ship. Decelerate to ship speed.
- the avoidance maneuvering method for congested sea areas if it is difficult to decelerate to a speed that can secure the time required for the other ship to cross the course of the own ship, use both high lift rudders.
- the rudder angle to be given is controlled within the range of the rudder angle that causes the wake of the propeller to act as the reverse thrust, and while the reverse thrust is applied to slow down the ship speed, the stern is turned to change the direction of travel of the own ship and collide.
- the avoidance maneuvering system for a uniaxial and two-rudder includes one propulsion propeller arranged at the stern, a pair of left and right high-lift rudders arranged behind the propulsion propeller, and a pair of driving each high-lift rudder. It is equipped with a rotary vane rudder, a steering control device that controls the direction of hull movement by combining the rudder angles of two high-lift rudders, and a ship radar device.
- the steering control device receives a collision warning signal issued by the ship radar device when the other ship crosses the course of the own ship and there is a risk of collision in the maneuvering mode of the avoidance ship navigating in the congested sea area, and the other ship is on the right side. While continuing to navigate the current target course of the own ship that is navigating from the side, the propulsion propeller is always in forward rotation, and the rudders of both high lift rudders are given a steering angle, and the thrust of the wake of the propeller is not the backward thrust. , The reverse thrust force decelerates the own ship against the inertial force in the forward direction of the own ship to avoid collision with the other ship.
- the rudder angle given to both high-lift rudders is controlled in the range from the rudder angle that maximizes the propeller wake as the backward thrust to the rudder angle that eliminates the forward thrust of the propeller wake, depending on the rudder angle.
- the reverse thrust that increases or decreases is controlled according to the distance to the other ship, and the speed is reduced to a speed that can secure the time required for the other ship to pass across the course of the own ship.
- the steering angle of both high lift rudders is controlled, and the thrust of the wake of the propeller is used as the forward thrust to continuously navigate the target course.
- the avoidance maneuvering system for a single-axis, two-rudder includes one propulsion propeller arranged at the stern, a pair of left and right high-lift rudders arranged behind the propulsion propeller, and a pair of driving each high-lift rudder. It is equipped with a rotary vane rudder, a steering control device that controls the direction of hull movement by combining the rudder angles of two high-lift rudders, and a ship radar device.
- the steering control device receives a collision warning signal issued by the ship radar device when the other ship crosses the course of the own ship and there is a risk of collision in the maneuvering mode of the avoidance ship navigating in the congested sea area, and the other ship is on the right side. While continuing to navigate the current target course of the own ship that is navigating from the side, the propulsion propeller is always in forward rotation, and the rudders of both high lift rudders are given a steering angle, and the thrust of the wake of the propeller is not the backward thrust. , The reverse thrust force decelerates the own ship against the inertial force in the forward direction of the own ship to avoid collision with the other ship.
- the rudder angle given to both high lift rudders is the rudder angle that maximizes the wake of the propeller as the backward thrust, and the propeller rotation speed is increased or decreased while the propulsion propeller is rotating forward.
- the backward thrust which increases or decreases according to the demand, is controlled according to the distance to the other ship, and the speed is reduced to a speed that can secure the time required for the other ship to pass across the course of the own ship.
- the steering angle of both high lift rudders is controlled, and the thrust of the wake of the propeller is used as the forward thrust to continuously navigate the target course.
- the steering control device cannot decelerate to a speed that can secure the time required for the other ship to pass across the course of the own ship, both are uplifted.
- the rudder angle given to the rudder is controlled within the range of the rudder angle that causes the wake of the propeller to act as the reverse thrust, and the reverse thrust is applied to slow down the ship speed while turning the stern to change the direction of travel of the ship. Change.
- the steering control device is suitable for the distance relationship with one or a plurality of partner ships, the relationship in the direction of travel with each other, and the relative speed relationship with each other. Controls the rudder angle given to the high lift rudder.
- deceleration maneuvering is performed while maintaining the original target course in a congested sea area, and a backward thrust is applied to the own ship against the inertial force in the forward direction of the own ship forcibly. Decelerates with a controlled braking force.
- the magnitude of braking force is controlled by increasing or decreasing the backward thrust according to the rudder angle given to both high-lift rudders.
- the magnitude of the braking force is controlled by increasing or decreasing the backward thrust according to the propeller rotation speed of the propulsion propeller rotating in the forward direction.
- Forced deceleration (brake) by reverse thrust is performed by controlling the braking force to an arbitrary magnitude, so it is possible to decelerate to a ship speed sufficient for avoidance and avoid the other ship without excessive deceleration. , It is possible to carry out avoidance maneuvering in a short distance in a short time, and it is possible to accelerate quickly after releasing the deceleration.
- Schematic diagram showing a thrust system and a steering control device of a uniaxial two-rudder ship according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Schematic diagram showing the configuration of the ship maneuvering stand in the same embodiment Top view showing the movable range of the high-lift rudder in the same embodiment
- Schematic diagram showing rudder combination rudder angle and turning direction Schematic diagram showing avoidance maneuvering in the same embodiment
- Schematic diagram showing a conventional avoidance maneuver Schematic diagram showing an escape maneuver in a conventional congested sea area
- the two-rudder steering system includes a thrust system 100 and a ship maneuvering system (steering control device) 200 that controls the thrust system 100.
- the thrust system 100 includes a propeller propeller 101 composed of a single-axis propeller arranged at the stern of the hull 110, and two high-lift rudders 102 and 103 arranged behind the propeller.
- the high-lift rudders 102 and 103 are rudders having a rudder blade whose cross-sectional shape along the axial direction of the propeller has a high-lift cross-sectional contour.
- the rudder blades of the high-lift rudders 102 and 103 of the present embodiment have a leading edge portion 102a that protrudes forward in a semicircular shape in the contour of the horizontal cross section.
- 103a, intermediate portions 102c, 103c, and intermediate portions 102c, 103c which are continuously increased in width to the leading edge portions 102a, 103a and then gradually reduced in width toward the minimum width portions 102b, 103b.
- It has a shape composed of fish tail trailing edges 102e and 103e whose width is gradually increased toward the rear ends 102d and 103d having a predetermined width.
- the high-lift rudders 102 and 103 are configured to be steerable by 105 ° to the outboard (outer side) and 35 ° to the inboard (inner side), and the high-lift rudders 102 and 103 are independent of each other. Can operate at various angles.
- the two high-lift rudders 102 and 103 aim to wake the propeller by changing the rudders of the high-lift rudders 102 and 103 while the propellers of the propellers of one shaft rotate in the forward direction. It can be distributed in the desired direction and the direction of thrust can be changed freely.
- the ship can be maneuvered in the forward / backward direction, stop, forward turn, reverse turn, etc., and the movement of the ship can be freely controlled. can do.
- the thrust system 100 has rotary vane steering machines 104 and 105 for driving high lift rudders 102 and 103, and steering control devices (servo amplifiers) 106 and 107 for controlling rotary vane steering machines 104 and 105. ing.
- pump units 151 and 152, rudder angle transmitters 153 and 154 and feedback units 155 and 156 are connected to the rotary vane steering machines 104 and 105, respectively, and the feedback units 155 and 156 are connected to the rudder control device 106. , 107 is connected.
- the ship maneuvering system (steering control device) 200 is housed in the ship maneuvering stand 250, and the gyro compass 251 and the ship radar device 310 are connected to the ship maneuvering stand 250.
- the ship radar device 310 transmits a collision warning signal from the warning signal output unit 311 to the ship maneuvering system (steering control device) 200 of the ship maneuvering stand 250.
- the ship maneuvering stand 250 is operated by a gyro direction display unit 252 that displays the gyro direction of the gyro compass 251 and an autopilot maneuvering unit 253 that operates in a maneuvering mode by an autopilot using a GPS compass, and a maneuvering mode by a joystick lever 254.
- the stand housing is integrally provided with an avoidance maneuvering unit 281 for maneuvering the ship in the mode and a rudder angle indicating unit 271 for controlling the rudder angle indicating device 270 for displaying the current rudder angles of the high lift rudders 102 and 103.
- the image control unit 263 touches the gyro bearing display image 267 showing the gyro bearing, the bearing display unit operation image 268 for touching the gyro bearing display unit 252 on the monitor screen, and the automatic ship maneuvering unit 253 on the monitor screen.
- the automatic ship maneuvering operation image 269 for operation is selectively displayed or simultaneously displayed.
- the joystick operation unit 255 is configured so that the joystick lever 254 can be operated in any of the XY directions, and the command movement direction of the hull is controlled by the tilt direction of the joystick lever 254, and the tilt angle in the tilt direction is used. Controls the command speed in the stern direction and the command speed in the lateral direction of the hull.
- the joystick maneuvering unit 255 controls the rudders of the high-lift rudders 102 and 103 on both sides according to the tilting direction of the joystick lever 254. Then, by combining the rudders of the high-lift rudders 102 and 103 on both sides, the thrust of the wake of the propeller is changed toward the target direction.
- the high-lift rudders 102 and 103 control the steering angles of the high-lift rudders 102 and 103 on both sides in a range of 105 ° to the outer side and 35 ° to the inner side by both rotary vane rudders 104 and 105. ..
- the rudder is shown in a horizontal cross section, and the rudder angle of each rudder is shown beside or below it.
- the rudder angle As for the rudder angle, the rudder angle that takes the course direction to the right is displayed as positive (+), and the rudder angle that takes the course direction to the left is displayed as negative (-), and the name for the combination of these rudder angles is given.
- the wake of the propeller is drawn with a thin arrow line, and the propulsion direction of the ship is drawn with a thick hollow arrow line.
- a uniaxial and two-rudder ship equipped with two high-lift rudders 102 and 103 can change the direction and magnitude of the propulsive force by variously changing the combined steering angles of the high-lift rudders 102 and 103. It can be freely changed and output in all directions.
- the automatic ship maneuvering unit 253 guides and controls the own ship to a predetermined course based on the current position information, the guidance route information, and the stop holding position information of the own ship by the GPS compass and the electronic chart system.
- the emergency stop unit 265 adjusts the rudder angle related to the current maneuvering regardless of the maneuvering state indicated by the joystick lever 254 or the maneuvering in another maneuvering mode. Cancel and turn the port rudder 103 in the steering direction (clockwise when viewed from above) and the starboard 102 in the starboard direction (counterclockwise when viewed from above) until hard over (full rudder). Steer and apply braking force to the ship to stop it.
- the manual ship maneuvering unit 257 controls the rudders of the two high-lift rudders 102 and 103 by rotating the manual steering wheel 256 to maneuver the ship.
- the non-follow-up maneuvering unit 259 steers to starboard or port depending on the time when the non-follow-up steering lever 258 is operated left and right.
- the avoidance maneuvering unit 281 provides position information of the own ship 501 and one or more other ships 401 and 402 obtained from the gyrocompass 251 and the ship radar device 310, direction information of the own ship 501 and the other ships 401 and 402, and the other ship. Based on the distance information with the 401 and 402 and the relative speed information with the other ships 401 and 402, the propulsion direction and the ship speed are automatically controlled according to the situation at that time to perform the avoidance maneuver.
- the avoidance maneuvering unit 281 when the other ships 401 and 402 cross the target course 502 of the own ship 501 and there is a risk of collision in the maneuvering mode of the avoidance maneuver navigating in the congested sea area.
- the ship In response to the collision warning signal emitted by the ship radar device 310, the ship is evacuated.
- the current target course 502 of the own ship 501 which is sailing with the other ships 401 and 402 on the starboard side, is continuously navigated, and the propulsion propeller 101 is always kept in forward rotation. Then, a steering angle is given to both high-lift rudders 102 and 103, the thrust of the wake of the propeller is regarded as the reverse thrust, and the reverse thrust acts as the braking force.
- This braking force decelerates the own ship 501 against the inertial force in the forward direction of the own ship 501 to avoid collision with the other ships 401 and 402.
- the rudder angle given to both high-lift rudders 102 and 103 by the escape maneuvering unit 281 ranges from the rudder angle at which the wake of the propeller acts as the maximum backward thrust to the rudder angle at which the forward thrust of the wake of the propeller is eliminated. Then, while keeping the propulsion propeller 101 rotating forward at a constant speed, the backward thrust is increased or decreased according to the steering angle to control the braking force.
- the braking force is controlled in proportion to the distance from the other ships 401 and 402, and the speed is reduced to a speed at which the time required for the other ships 401 and 402 to pass across the target course 502 of the own ship 501 can be secured.
- the starboard rudder 102 changes from + 75 ° to + 105 °.
- the port rudder 103 is in the range of ⁇ 75 ° to ⁇ 105 °.
- the rudder angle at which the wake of the propeller is maximized as the backward thrust is + 105 ° for the starboard rudder 102 and -105 ° for the port rudder 103.
- the rudder angle that eliminates the forward thrust of the wake of the propeller is "stop on the spot" with the port rudder at -75 ° and the starboard rudder at + 75 °. This rudder angle does not generate a positive backward force, but the resistance of the high-lift rudders 102 and 103 contributes to decelerating the own ship 501 against the inertial force in the forward direction of the own ship 501.
- both high-lift rudders 102 and 103 are steered within a certain range during deceleration, but it is also possible to maneuver the ship as follows.
- the avoidance maneuvering unit 281 sets the rudder angle given to both high-lift rudders to the maximum effect of the propeller wake as the backward thrust, that is, the starboard rudder 102 is + 105 ° and the port rudder 103 is -105 °. .. Then, the rotation speed of the propulsion propeller 101 is increased or decreased while maintaining the forward rotation to control the braking force due to the reverse thrust.
- the braking force is controlled in proportion to the distance from the other ships 401 and 402, and the speed is reduced to a speed at which the time required for the other ships 401 and 402 to pass across the target course 502 of the own ship 501 can be secured.
- Control mode by joystick Operate the mode selector switch 260 to select the control mode by joystick.
- the joystick maneuvering unit 255 commands the command movement direction of the hull, the command thrust in the stern direction, and the command thrust in the lateral direction of the hull by using the joystick lever 254.
- the propeller propeller 101 is kept rotating forward, and the high-lift rudders 102 and 103 are independently operated at various angles to control the distribution of the wake of the propeller, and the thrust around the stern is controlled. Control 360 ° in all directions.
- the maneuverability in maneuvering can be improved by causing the ship to move forward and backward, stop, turn forward, turn backward, and the like.
- the propulsion direction can be changed toward the desired direction for the wake of the propeller.
- the combination of steering angles listed here is an example, and the combination of steering angles can be arbitrarily changed so as to obtain the desired propulsion direction and thrust.
- the emergency stop 265 steers the crash astern mode (the port rudder is 105 ° on the port side and the starboard rudder is on the starboard side 105 °). Switch to "ASTERN"). And since both rudders generate a very large braking force and reverse force, the hull can be stopped for a much shorter time and a shorter distance than when maneuvering by reversing the propeller.
- the joystick lever 254 allows the ship to be freely maneuvered and evacuated in the same manner as a normal joystick operation. 3. 3. Autopilot maneuvering mode In normal navigation maneuvering, the mode selector switch 260 is operated to select the autopilot maneuvering mode.
- the automatic ship maneuvering operation image 269 is displayed on the monitor screen of the display device 262, and the position of the own ship, the direction to be advanced, the position to be reached or the heading line direction are input to the automatic ship maneuvering unit 253 by touch operation on the monitor screen. Automatically guide the ship on the set course.
- the automatic ship maneuvering unit 253 appropriately controls the rudder angle based on the current position information of the own ship, the guidance route information, and the stop holding position information. 4.
- Manual steering mode The mode selector switch 260 is operated to select the steering mode by the manual steering wheel 256.
- Non-follow-up control mode Operate the mode selector switch 260 to select the control mode by the non-follow-up control lever 258. In this control mode, the non-follow-up maneuvering unit 259 steers to starboard or port depending on the time during which the non-follow-up steering lever 258 is operated left and right.
- Escape maneuvering mode When navigating in a congested sea area, the mode changeover switch 260 is operated to select the maneuvering mode by the avoidance maneuvering unit 281.
- the avoidance vessel maneuvering unit 281 operates the avoidance vessel. Do.
- the propulsion propeller 101 is always kept in forward rotation, and both sides.
- a steering angle is given to the high lift rudders 102 and 103, and the thrust of the wake of the propeller is regarded as the reverse thrust to generate a braking force.
- This braking force decelerates the own ship 501 against the inertial force in the forward direction of the own ship 501 to avoid collision with the other ships 401 and 402.
- the rudder angle given to both high-lift rudders 102 and 103 is moved forward from the rudder angle at which the above-mentioned propeller wake is maximized as a backward thrust. Control within the range up to the rudder angle that eliminates thrust. Then, the reverse thrust that increases or decreases according to the rudder angle is controlled according to the distance to the other ships 401 and 402, and the other ships 401 and 402 pass across the target course 502 of the own ship 501 by the controlled braking force. Decelerate to a speed that can secure the time required for the ship.
- the rudder angle given to both high lift rudders is set to the rudder angle that maximizes the wake of the propeller as the backward thrust, that is, the starboard rudder 102 is + 105 °, the port rudder 103 is -105 °, and the propulsion propeller 101 is rotated forward. Increase or decrease the number of rotations as it is. Then, the reverse thrust that increases or decreases according to the propeller rotation speed is controlled according to the distance from the other ships 401 and 402, and the other ships 401 and 402 pass across the target course 502 of the own ship 501 by the controlled braking force. Decelerate to a speed that allows you to secure the time required to do so.
- the avoidance maneuvering unit 281 secures the time required for the other vessels 401 and 402 to cross the target course 502 of the own vessel 501 even in the "backward" (port rudder -105 °, starboard rudder + 105 °). If it is not possible to decelerate to a possible speed, that is, if there is a very high risk that the own ship 501 moving forward due to inertial force will collide with the other ships 401 and 402, the following operation is performed.
- the rudder angles given to both high-lift rudders 102 and 103 are within the range of the rudder angle at which the wake of the propeller acts as a backward thrust, that is, from the above-mentioned "stern left turn” (left rudder -105 °, right rudder + 45 °).
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Abstract
Description
本発明に係る輻輳海域の避航操船方法は、輻輳海域を航行する2隻の船が互いに進路を横切り、衝突の恐れがあるときに、相手船を右舷側に見て航行する自船が行う避航操船を行う。
本発明に係る輻輳海域の避航操船方法において、減速操船は、後進推力を相手船との距離に見合って制御し、相手船が自船の進路を横切って通過するのに必要な時間を確保できる船速に減速する。
本発明に係る輻輳海域の避航操船方法において、相手船が自船の進路を横切って通過するのに必要な時間を確保できる船速に減速することが困難な場合は、双方の高揚力舵に与える舵角を、プロペラ後流を後進推力として作用させる舵角の範囲内で制御し、後進推力を作用させて船速を減速させつつ、船尾を回頭させて自船の進行方向を変えて衝突を回避する。
本発明に係る一軸二舵船の避航操船システムは、船尾に配置した一基の推進プロペラと、推進プロペラの後方に配置した左右一対の高揚力舵と、各高揚力舵をそれぞれ駆動する一対のロータリーベーン舵取機と、2枚の高揚力舵の舵角を組み合わせて船体運動の方向を制御する操舵制御装置と、船舶レーダ装置を備える。
本発明に係る一軸二舵船の避航操船システムは、船尾に配置した一基の推進プロペラと、推進プロペラの後方に配置した左右一対の高揚力舵と、各高揚力舵をそれぞれ駆動する一対のロータリーベーン舵取機と、2枚の高揚力舵の舵角を組み合わせて船体運動の方向を制御する操舵制御装置と、船舶レーダ装置を備える。
本発明に係る一軸二舵船の避航操船システムにおいて、操舵制御装置は、相手船が自船の進路を横切って通過するのに必要な時間を確保できる船速に減速できない場合は、双方の高揚力舵に与える舵角を、プロペラ後流を後進推力として作用させる舵角の範囲内で制御し、後進推力を作用させて船速を減速させつつ、船尾を回頭させて自船の進行方向を変える。
本発明に係る一軸二舵船の避航操船システムにおいて、操舵制御装置は、単一もしくは複数の相手船との距離関係、互いの進行方向の関係、相互間の相対速度関係に見合って、双方の高揚力舵に与える舵角を制御する。
1.ジョイスティックによる操縦モード
モード切替スイッチ260を操作してジョイスティックによる操縦モードを選択する。ジョイスティック操船部255は、ジョイスティックレバー254によって船体の指令運動方向、船首尾方向指令推力、船体横方向指令推力を指令する。
2.緊急停船部による操縦モード
緊急停船押釦264を押すことの一挙動で、緊急停船部265を起動し、全ての操縦モードに優先して船舶を緊急に停船させることができる。すなわち、ジョイスティックレバー254の操舵モードにかかわらず、あるいは他の操縦モードにかかわらず、緊急停船部265によってクラッシュアスターンモード(左舷舵は左般105°、右舷舵は右舷105゜に舵を取る「ASTERN」)に切換える。そして、両舵により非常に大きな制動力と後進力を発生させるので、プロペラ逆転による操船よりもはるかに短い時間、短い距離で船体を停止させることができる。
3.オートパイロットによる操縦モード
通常航行操船では、モード切替スイッチ260を操作してオートパイロットによる操縦モードを選択する。
4.手動による操縦モード
モード切替スイッチ260を操作して手動操舵輪256による操縦モードを選択する。この操縦モードでは、手動操舵輪256の回転操作により二枚の高揚力舵102、103の舵角を手動操船部257に指示し、二枚の高揚力舵102、103の舵角を制御して操船する。
5.ノンフォローアップの操縦モード
モード切替スイッチ260を操作してノンフォローアップ操縦レバー258による操縦モードを選択する。この操縦モードでは、ノンフォローアップ操船部259により、ノンフォローアップ操舵レバー258を左右に操作している時間に応じて右舷もしくは左舷に舵を切る。
6.避航操船の操船モード
輻輳海域を航行する場合には、モード切替スイッチ260を操作して避航操船部281による操縦モードを選択する。
Claims (8)
- 輻輳海域を航行する2隻の船が互いに進路を横切り、衝突の恐れがあるときに、相手船を右舷側に見て航行する自船が行う避航操船において、
現状の自船の目的進路を継続航行しつつ、船尾に配置した一基の推進プロペラを常に前進回転のままで、推進プロペラの後方に配置した左右一対の高揚力舵に舵角を与えてプロペラ後流の推力を後進推力となし、後進推力により自船の前進方向への慣性力に抗して自船を減速させて相手船との衝突を回避する減速操船を行い、
減速操船では、双方の高揚力舵に与える舵角を、プロペラ後流を後進推力として最大に作用させる舵角からプロペラ後流の前進推力をなくす舵角までの範囲で制御し、舵角に応じて後進推力を増減させて船速の減速を制御し、
相手船が自船の進路を横切って通過した後に、双方の高揚力舵の舵角を制御し、プロペラ後流の推力を前進推力となして目的進路を継続航行する操船を行うことを特徴とする輻輳海域の避航操船方法。 - 輻輳海域を航行する2隻の船が互いに進路を横切り、衝突の恐れがあるときに、相手船を右舷側に見て航行する自船が行う避航操船において、
現状の自船の目的進路を継続航行しつつ、船尾に配置した一基の推進プロペラを常に前進回転のままで、推進プロペラの後方に配置した左右一対の高揚力舵に舵角を与えてプロペラ後流の推力を後進推力となし、後進推力により自船の前進方向への慣性力に抗して自船を減速させて相手船との衝突を回避する減速操船を行い、
減速操船では、双方の高揚力舵に与える舵角を、プロペラ後流を後進推力として最大に作用させる舵角とし、推進プロペラを前進回転のままに、推進プロペラの回転数を増大、もしくは減少させて、プロペラ回転数に応じて後進推力を増減させて船速の減速を制御し、
相手船が自船の進路を横切って通過した後に、双方の高揚力舵の舵角を制御し、プロペラ後流の推力を前進推力となして目的進路を継続航行する操船を行うことを特徴とする輻輳海域の避航操船方法。 - 減速操船は、後進推力を相手船との距離に見合って制御し、相手船が自船の進路を横切って通過するのに必要な時間を確保できる船速に減速することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の輻輳海域の避航操船方法。
- 相手船が自船の進路を横切って通過するのに必要な時間を確保できる船速に減速することが困難な場合は、双方の高揚力舵に与える舵角を、プロペラ後流を後進推力として作用させる舵角の範囲内で制御し、後進推力を作用させて船速を減速させつつ、船尾を回頭させて自船の進行方向を変えて衝突を回避することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の輻輳海域の避航操船方法。
- 船尾に配置した一基の推進プロペラと、推進プロペラの後方に配置した左右一対の高揚力舵と、各高揚力舵をそれぞれ駆動する一対のロータリーベーン舵取機と、2枚の高揚力舵の舵角を組み合わせて船体運動の方向を制御する操舵制御装置と、船舶レーダ装置を備える一軸二舵船において、
操舵制御装置は、輻輳海域を航行する避航操船の操船モードにおいて、相手船が自船の進路を横切り、衝突の恐れがあるときに船舶レーダ装置が発する衝突警報信号を受けて、相手船を右舷側に見て航行する自船の現状の目的進路を継続航行しつつ、推進プロペラを常に前進回転のままで、双方の高揚力舵に舵角を与えてプロペラ後流の推力を後進推力となし、後進推力により自船の前進方向への慣性力に抗して自船を減速させて相手船との衝突を回避する減速操船を行い、
減速操船では、双方の高揚力舵に与える舵角を、プロペラ後流を後進推力として最大に作用させる舵角からプロペラ後流の前進推力をなくす舵角までの範囲で制御し、舵角に応じて増減する後進推力を相手船との距離に見合って制御し、相手船が自船の進路を横切って通過するのに必要な時間を確保できる船速に減速し、
相手船が自船の進路を横切って通過した後に、双方の高揚力舵の舵角を制御し、プロペラ後流の推力を前進推力となして目的進路を継続航行する操船を行うことを特徴とする一軸二舵船の避航操船システム。 - 船尾に配置した一基の推進プロペラと、推進プロペラの後方に配置した左右一対の高揚力舵と、各高揚力舵をそれぞれ駆動する一対のロータリーベーン舵取機と、2枚の高揚力舵の舵角を組み合わせて船体運動の方向を制御する操舵制御装置と、船舶レーダ装置を備える一軸二舵船において、
操舵制御装置は、輻輳海域を航行する避航操船の操船モードにおいて、相手船が自船の進路を横切り、衝突の恐れがあるときに船舶レーダ装置が発する衝突警報信号を受けて、相手船を右舷側に見て航行する自船の現状の目的進路を継続航行しつつ、推進プロペラを常に前進回転のままで、双方の高揚力舵に舵角を与えてプロペラ後流の推力を後進推力となし、後進推力により自船の前進方向への慣性力に抗して自船を減速させて相手船との衝突を回避する減速操船を行い、
減速操船では、双方の高揚力舵に与える舵角を、プロペラ後流を後進推力として最大に作用させる舵角とし、推進プロペラを前進回転のままに回転数を増大、もしくは減少させ、プロペラ回転数に応じて増減する後進推力を相手船との距離に見合って制御し、相手船が自船の進路を横切って通過するのに必要な時間を確保できる船速に減速し、
相手船が自船の進路を横切って通過した後に、双方の高揚力舵の舵角を制御し、プロペラ後流の推力を前進推力となして目的進路を継続航行する操船を行うことを特徴とする一軸二舵船の避航操船システム。 - 操舵制御装置は、相手船が自船の進路を横切って通過するのに必要な時間を確保できる船速に減速できない場合は、双方の高揚力舵に与える舵角を、プロペラ後流を後進推力として作用させる舵角の範囲内で制御し、後進推力を作用させて船速を減速させつつ、船尾を回頭させて自船の進行方向を変えることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の一軸二舵船の避航操船システム。
- 操舵制御装置は、単一もしくは複数の相手船との距離関係、互いの進行方向の関係、相互間の相対速度関係に見合って、双方の高揚力舵に与える舵角を制御することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の一軸二舵船の避航操船システム。
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- 2019-11-21 KR KR1020207032264A patent/KR102380469B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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KR102380469B1 (ko) | 2022-04-01 |
EP3939881A4 (en) | 2022-05-11 |
EP3939881A1 (en) | 2022-01-19 |
CN112203935A (zh) | 2021-01-08 |
JP2020147176A (ja) | 2020-09-17 |
US11915595B2 (en) | 2024-02-27 |
TW202033412A (zh) | 2020-09-16 |
JP6608553B1 (ja) | 2019-11-20 |
US20210248912A1 (en) | 2021-08-12 |
CN112203935B (zh) | 2022-08-23 |
KR20200140884A (ko) | 2020-12-16 |
TWI725644B (zh) | 2021-04-21 |
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