WO2020181866A1 - 一种紧固件表面处理废水的处理装置及处理工艺 - Google Patents

一种紧固件表面处理废水的处理装置及处理工艺 Download PDF

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WO2020181866A1
WO2020181866A1 PCT/CN2019/125250 CN2019125250W WO2020181866A1 WO 2020181866 A1 WO2020181866 A1 WO 2020181866A1 CN 2019125250 W CN2019125250 W CN 2019125250W WO 2020181866 A1 WO2020181866 A1 WO 2020181866A1
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water outlet
fresh water
desalination
concentrated water
concentrated
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PCT/CN2019/125250
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张峰
邓家发
林敏�
巫世文
杨勇
邵阳
张寒
丁文彬
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扬州佳境环境科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2020181866A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020181866A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment, and particularly relates to a treatment device and a treatment process for treating wastewater on the surface of a fastener.
  • the surface treatment of fasteners mainly includes nine processes such as electro galvanizing, phosphating, oxidation (blackening), cadmium electroplating, chromium electroplating, silver plating, nickel plating, hot dip galvanizing, zinc infiltration, dacromet, etc.
  • electro galvanizing phosphating, oxidation (blackening), cadmium electroplating, chromium electroplating, silver plating, nickel plating, hot dip galvanizing, zinc infiltration, dacromet, etc.
  • the main feature of wastewater is high salt content, which can reach 20000 ⁇ 30000us/cm.
  • Evaporation process is one of the operating methods of modern industrial units, that is, using heating methods to vaporize and remove part of the solvent in the solution to increase the concentration of the solution or create conditions for the precipitation of solutes.
  • Exposure evaporation is a low-cost technology that reduces the volume of waste water by concentrating the salt and organic matter in the salt-containing waste water, but the final solid salt obtained by this method is not high in purity and cannot be reused.
  • the present invention provides a treatment device and a treatment process for treating waste water on the surface of fasteners, so as to improve the recovery rate of high-salt waste water and simultaneously realize salt separation treatment for the waste water.
  • the fastener surface treatment wastewater treatment device includes: a pretreatment system, a microfiltration system, a nanofiltration system, a first desalination system, a second desalination system, and an RO system.
  • the processing system, the microfiltration system, and the nanofiltration system are connected in sequence, the nanofiltration system has a first concentrated water outlet and a first fresh water outlet, and the first fresh water outlet is connected to the first desalination system ,
  • the first concentrated water outlet is connected to the second desalination system, the outlet of the first desalination system and the outlet of the second desalination system are both connected to the RO system, and the RO system has A second concentrated water outlet and a second fresh water outlet, the second concentrated water outlet is connected with the inlet of the first desalination system, and the second fresh water outlet is connected with a water recycling bucket.
  • the first desalination system includes a first desalination circulation tank and a first desalination membrane that are connected in sequence, and the inlet of the first desalination circulation tank is respectively connected to the first fresh water outlet and the second concentration.
  • the water outlet is connected
  • the first desalination membrane has a third concentrated water outlet and a third fresh water outlet
  • the third fresh water outlet is connected to the inlet of the RO system.
  • it further includes a first evaporation system, the third concentrated water outlet is connected to the inlet of the first evaporation system, the first evaporation system has a fourth fresh water outlet and a first salt collecting port, the first Four fresh water outlets are connected to the inlet of the RO system.
  • the second desalination system includes a second desalination circulation tank and a second desalination membrane that are connected in sequence, an inlet of the second desalination circulation tank is connected to the first concentrated water outlet, and
  • the second sea desalination membrane has a fifth concentrated water outlet and a fifth fresh water outlet, and the fifth fresh water outlet is connected to the inlet of the RO system.
  • it further includes a second evaporation system, the fifth concentrated water outlet is connected to the inlet of the second evaporation system, the second evaporation system has a sixth fresh water outlet and a second salt collecting port, the first Six fresh water outlets are connected to the inlet of the RO system.
  • the RO system includes an RO circulation tank and an RO membrane, and the inlet of the RO circulation tank is respectively connected to the third fresh water outlet, the fourth fresh water outlet, the fifth fresh water outlet and the sixth fresh water outlet.
  • the RO membrane has a second concentrated water outlet and a second fresh water outlet, the second concentrated water outlet is connected to the inlet of the first desalination circulation tank, and the second fresh water outlet is connected to the reuse bucket Connected.
  • the pretreatment system includes a wastewater collection tank, a pH adjustment tank, a reduction tank, an air flotation tank, and an oil-absorbing cotton system connected in sequence, and the oil-absorbing cotton system is connected to the microfiltration system.
  • the process provided by the present invention for treating wastewater from the surface treatment of fasteners by using the treatment device includes the following steps:
  • the fastener surface treatment wastewater treatment device of the present invention can make the recovery rate of fastener surface treatment wastewater reach more than 95%, the system has stable water production of 20m 3 /h, and the water quality meets the requirements of "Utilization of Urban Sewage Reclaimed Water Process and product water standards in the Process and Product Standards (GB/T19923-2005) in Industrial Water Quality".
  • the water standard requires pH to be 6.5 ⁇ 8.5, chemical oxygen demand (COD) ⁇ 30mg/L, suspended solids ( SS) ⁇ 25mg/L.
  • the present invention performs preliminary salt separation treatment on the wastewater, and separates wastewater containing monovalent non-heavy metal ions and wastewater containing heavy metal ions with more than two valences.
  • the two types of wastewater are treated separately to obtain monovalent salt KCl.
  • the purity is greater than 98%, and it can be reused in production lines and mixed salts with higher heavy metal content.
  • the heavy metal salt zinc chloride content is greater than 50%, which can be used to recover heavy metal salts, thereby realizing the resource utilization of double salts.
  • Figure 1 is a process flow diagram of a fastener surface treatment wastewater treatment device provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG 2 is a structural block diagram of the pretreatment system and microfiltration system of the fastener surface treatment wastewater treatment device shown in Figure 1;
  • FIG 3 is a block diagram of the nanofiltration system of the fastener surface treatment wastewater treatment device shown in Figure 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a structural block diagram of the first desalination system of the fastener surface treatment wastewater treatment device shown in Fig. 1.
  • Wastewater collection tank-11 pH adjustment tank-12; reduction tank-13; air flotation tank-14; oil absorption cotton system-15;
  • Microfiltration system-2 Nanofiltration system-3; First concentrated water outlet-31; First fresh water outlet-32;
  • Nanofiltration circulation tank-33 Nanofiltration filter-34; Precision filter-35; High pressure pump-36;
  • RO circulation tank-81 RO membrane-82; second concentrated water outlet-83; second fresh water outlet-84;
  • Fig. 1 is a process flow chart of a device for treating waste water on the surface of fasteners provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a fastener surface treatment wastewater treatment device including: a pretreatment system, a microfiltration system 2, a nanofiltration system 3, a first desalination system, and a first evaporation system 5.
  • the pretreatment system, the microfiltration system 2 and the nanofiltration system 3 are connected in sequence.
  • the pretreatment system includes a wastewater collection tank 11, a pH value adjustment tank 12, a reduction tank 13, an air flotation tank 14, and an oil-absorbing cotton system 15 connected in sequence.
  • the oil-absorbing cotton system 15 and the microfiltration system 2 Connected.
  • the fastener surface treatment wastewater is collected into the wastewater collection tank 11.
  • the wastewater collection tank 11 is equipped with a level float for determining the amount of wastewater therein, and the pipe connecting the wastewater collection tank 11 and the pH adjustment tank is equipped with a lift pump and The flow meter is used to pump the waste water in the waste water collection tank 11 to the pH adjustment tank 12.
  • the pH adjustment tank 12 is provided with an online pH detector for detecting the pH of the liquid.
  • the reduction tank 13 is provided with an ORP online detector for detecting the oxidation-reduction potential of the liquid. Compressed air is connected to both the pH adjustment tank 12 and the reduction tank 13, which can make the water quality more uniform.
  • the air flotation tank 14 produces a large number of fine bubbles in the water.
  • the fine bubbles adhere to the small suspended particles in the waste water to form a composite of "bubble particles" with an overall density less than water.
  • the suspended particles rise to the surface of the water together with the bubbles to form a foam floating check. Separation of suspended matter in water. After the suspended matter in the wastewater is removed, it enters the oil-absorbing cotton system 15 for degreasing treatment.
  • the microfiltration system 2 is a new type of wastewater treatment technology that utilizes the principle of membrane filtration.
  • the filter membrane has a pore size range of 0.1-0.01 ⁇ m, which is suitable for interception or concentration of suspensions and emulsions and sterilization of low-turbidity liquids. Filter membranes with different pore sizes can be selected for different nature of wastewater.
  • the microfiltration system 2 adopts a cross-flow operation mode.
  • cross-flow operation the flow direction of the feed fluid is parallel to the direction of the membrane plane.
  • increasing the flow rate and flow rate can increase the degree of turbulence, reduce the thickness of the boundary layer, and reduce membrane surface contamination.
  • the microfiltration system 2 is a wastewater treatment technology developed and improved based on this principle, using a circulating pump to pump water into the membrane system for cross-flow filtration, thereby realizing the separation process.
  • the microfiltration system 2 completely replaces the flocculation, precipitation, sand filtration, activated carbon and ultrafiltration processes in traditional wastewater treatment. Its advantages are: stable treatment effect, fully meeting the discharge requirements of sewage treatment; small footprint, effective land saving Resources; saving civil construction investment; modular design based on water volume to reduce initial investment; after the effluent is adjusted to pH value, it can be discharged or directly enter the RO system for reuse, which is convenient for owners to expand and reuse at any time without any process restrictions; long cleaning cycle , Reduce operating costs.
  • Nanofiltration system 3 is used to separate substances with relatively small molecular weights, such as inorganic salts or small molecular organic substances such as glucose and sucrose from the solvent.
  • Nanofiltration also known as low pressure reverse osmosis, is an emerging field of membrane separation technology. Its separation performance is between reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration, allowing some inorganic salts and certain solvents to pass through the membrane to achieve the separation effect.
  • the present invention performs preliminary salt separation treatment on wastewater, and separates wastewater containing monovalent non-heavy metal ions and wastewater containing heavy metal ions above two valence.
  • wastewater containing monovalent non-heavy metal ions is defined as fresh water
  • wastewater containing heavy metal ions with more than two valence is defined as concentrated water.
  • Fig. 3 is a structural block diagram of the nanofiltration system 3 of the fastener surface treatment wastewater treatment device shown in Fig. 1.
  • the nanofiltration system 3 specifically includes a nanofiltration circulation tank 33 and a nanofiltration filter 34 for receiving and storing waste water.
  • the pipeline between the nanofiltration circulation tank 33 and the nanofiltration filter 34 is sequentially provided with lifting
  • a precision filter 35 and a high-pressure pump 36 are provided between the lift pump and the nanofiltration filter 34.
  • the nanofiltration filter 34 has a first concentrated water outlet 31 and a first fresh water outlet 32. After the wastewater is processed by the nanofiltration filter 34, it is divided into concentrated water B and fresh water B, and is separated from the first concentrated water outlet 31 and the first concentrated water outlet 31. A fresh water outlet 32 flows out.
  • the first fresh water outlet 32 is connected to the first desalination system, and the first concentrated water outlet 31 is connected to the second desalination system.
  • the internal structure and parts of the first desalination system and the second desalination system are the same. The only difference is that the inlets and outlets of the two are connected to different devices. Therefore, only the structural block diagram of the first desalination system is provided in this application, and the structural block diagram of the second desalination system can refer to the first desalination system.
  • Fig. 4 is a structural block diagram of the first desalination system of the fastener surface treatment wastewater treatment device shown in Fig. 1.
  • the first desalination system includes a first desalination circulation tank 41 and a first desalination membrane 42 connected in sequence, and the inlet of the first desalination circulation tank 41 is connected to the first fresh water outlet 32 .
  • the first desalination film 42 has a third concentrated water outlet 43 and a third fresh water outlet 44.
  • Fresh water B flows out from the first fresh water outlet 32, enters the first desalination circulation tank 41, is lifted by the lift pump to the first desalination membrane 42, and is divided into concentrated water C and Fresh water C flows out from the third concentrated water outlet 43 and the third fresh water outlet 44 respectively.
  • the third concentrated water outlet 43 is connected to the inlet of the first evaporation system 5, and the first evaporation system 5 has a fourth fresh water outlet 51 and a first salt collecting port 52.
  • the fourth fresh water The outlet 51 is connected to the inlet of the RO system.
  • the concentrated water C flows out from the third concentrated water outlet 43 and enters the first evaporation system 5. After being processed by the first evaporation system 5, solid-liquid separation is realized, and fresh water E and monovalent non-heavy metal salts such as KCl and fresh water can be obtained. E flows out from the fourth fresh water outlet 51, and the monovalent non-heavy metal salt is collected and outsourced through the first collection salt outlet 52.
  • the second desalination system includes a second desalination circulation tank 61 and a second desalination membrane 62 connected in sequence, and the inlet of the second desalination circulation tank 61 is connected to the first concentrated water outlet 31 .
  • the second desalination film 62 has a fifth concentrated water outlet 63 and a fifth fresh water outlet 64.
  • the concentrated water B flows out from the first concentrated water outlet 31, enters the second desalination circulation tank 61, is lifted by the lift pump to the first desalination membrane 42, and is divided into concentrated water after being treated by the second desalination membrane 62 F and fresh water F flow out from the fifth concentrated water outlet 63 and the fifth fresh water outlet 64, respectively.
  • the fifth concentrated water outlet 63 is connected to the inlet of the second evaporation system 7, and the second evaporation system 7 has a sixth fresh water outlet 71 and a second salt collecting port 72.
  • the sixth fresh water The outlet 71 is connected to the inlet of the RO system.
  • the concentrated water F flows out from the fifth concentrated water outlet 63 and enters the second evaporation system 7. After being processed by the second evaporation system 7, solid-liquid separation is achieved, and then fresh water G and salts containing heavy metal ions with more than two valences, such as ZnCl, can be obtained. 2.
  • Fresh water G flows out from the sixth fresh water outlet 71, and the salt containing heavy metal ions with more than two valence is collected and outsourced through the second collection salt outlet 72.
  • the RO system includes an RO circulation tank 81 and an RO membrane 82.
  • the inlet of the RO circulation tank 81 is connected to the third fresh water outlet 44, the fourth fresh water outlet 51, and the fifth fresh water outlet 64, respectively.
  • the sixth fresh water outlet 71 is connected, the RO membrane 82 has a second concentrated water outlet 83 and a second fresh water outlet 84, and the second concentrated water outlet 83 is connected to the inlet of the first desalination circulation tank 41,
  • the second fresh water outlet 84 is connected to the reuse bucket 9.
  • Fresh water C, fresh water E, fresh water F and fresh water G directly enter the RO circulation tank 81, and then are processed by the RO membrane 82 to obtain fresh water D and concentrated water D, which are respectively obtained from the second fresh water outlet 84 and the second concentrated water outlet 83 Outflow.
  • the fresh water D flowing out from the second fresh water outlet 84 can be collected by the water recycling bucket 9 and directly reused in the production line.
  • the inlet of the first desalination circulation tank 41 is connected to the second concentrated water outlet 83.
  • the concentrated water D flowing out from the second concentrated water outlet 83 can be returned to the first desalination circulation tank 41 through the circulation loop, and be treated by the first desalination membrane 42 again.
  • Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a process for treating waste water from surface treatment of fasteners by using the treatment device described in Embodiment 1, which includes the following steps:
  • Fresh water G can enter the RO membrane 82 for RO filtration to obtain fresh water D and concentrated water D.
  • the concentrated water D is returned to the first desalination circulation tank 41 through the circulation loop to continue to circulate and concentrate, and the fresh water D is collected in a recovery bucket and reused In the production line.
  • the testing content includes the pH, COD and SS values of wastewater and reused water. The results are shown in Table 1.

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Abstract

一种紧固件表面处理废水的处理装置，包括：预处理系统、微滤系统（2）、纳滤系统（3）、第一海淡系统、第二海淡系统和RO系统，预处理系统、微滤系统（2）和纳滤系统（3）顺次相连，纳滤系统（3）具有第一浓水出口（31）和第一淡水出口（32），第一淡水出口（32）与第一海淡系统相连，第一浓水出口（31）与第二海淡系统相连，第一海淡系统的出口和第二海淡系统的出口均与RO系统相连，RO系统具有第二浓水出口（83）和第二淡水出口（84），第二浓水出口（83）与第一海淡系统的入口相连，第二淡水出口（84）连接有回用水桶（9）；以及利用该处理装置对紧固件表面处理废水进行处理的工艺。

Description

一种紧固件表面处理废水的处理装置及处理工艺 技术领域
本发明属于废水处理技术领域，特别涉及一种紧固件表面处理废水的处理装置及处理工艺。
背景技术
紧固件表面处理主要有电镀锌、磷化、氧化(发黑)、电镀镉、电镀铬、镀银、镀镍、热浸锌、渗锌、达克罗等九种工艺，由于目前行业整体属于粗放形式，废水主要特点是盐分较高，可以达到20000～30000us/cm。
蒸发工艺是现代化工单位操作方法之一，即用加热的方法，使溶液中的部分溶剂汽化并得以去除，以提高溶液的浓度，或为溶质析出创造条件。暴晒蒸发式中低成本的技术，通过浓缩含盐废水中的盐分和有机物来达到减小废水体积的目的，但是这种方法最终得到的固体盐纯度不高，无法重复利用。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的缺陷，本发明提供一种紧固件表面处理废水的处理装置及处理工艺，以提高高盐废水的回收率同时对废水实现分盐处理。
第一方面，本发明提供的紧固件表面处理废水的处理装置，包括：预处理系统、微滤系统、纳滤系统、第一海淡系统、第二海淡系统和RO系统，所述预处理系统、所述微滤系统和所述纳滤系统顺次相连，所述纳滤系统具有第一 浓水出口和第一淡水出口，所述第一淡水出口与所述第一海淡系统相连，所述第一浓水出口与所述第二海淡系统相连，所述第一海淡系统的出口和所述第二海淡系统的出口均与所述RO系统相连，所述RO系统具有第二浓水出口和第二淡水出口，所述第二浓水出口与所述第一海淡系统的入口相连，所述第二淡水出口连接有回用水桶。
可选地，所述第一海淡系统包括依次连接的第一海淡循环槽和第一海淡膜，所述第一海淡循环槽的入口分别与所述第一淡水出口及第二浓水出口相连，所述第一海淡膜具有第三浓水出口和第三淡水出口，所述第三淡水出口与所述RO系统的入口相连。
可选地，还包括第一蒸发系统，所述第三浓水出口与所述第一蒸发系统的入口相连，所述第一蒸发系统具有第四淡水出口以及第一集盐口，所述第四淡水出口与所述RO系统的入口相连。
可选地，所述第二海淡系统包括依次连接的第二海淡循环槽和第二海淡膜，所述第二海淡循环槽的入口与所述第一浓水出口相连，所述第二海淡膜具有第五浓水出口和第五淡水出口，所述第五淡水出口与所述RO系统的入口相连。
可选地，还包括第二蒸发系统，所述第五浓水出口与所述第二蒸发系统的入口相连，所述第二蒸发系统具有第六淡水出口以及第二集盐口，所述第六淡水出口与所述RO系统的入口相连。
可选地，所述RO系统包括RO循环槽和RO膜，所述RO循环槽的入口分别与第三淡水出口、所述第四淡水出口、所述第五淡水出口和所述第六淡水出口相连，所述RO膜具有第二浓水出口和第二淡水出口，所述第二浓水出口与所述第一海淡循环槽的入口相连，所述第二淡水出口与所述回用水桶相连。
可选地，所述预处理系统包括依次连接的废水收集池、pH调节池、还原 池、气浮池和吸油棉系统，所述吸油棉系统与所述微滤系统相连。
第二方面，本发明提供的利用所述的处理装置对紧固件表面处理废水进行处理的工艺，包括如下步骤：
S1.将紧固件表面处理废水收集到废水收集池中，废水首先进入pH值调节池进行加酸调节，再进入还原池进行还原处理，接着进入气浮池进行固液分离处理，最后进入吸油棉系统去除油污；
S2.启动微滤系统，使经过S1处理的废水进入微滤系统进行错流过滤，得到淡水A，淡水A进入纳滤系统并获得淡水B和浓水B，淡水B由第一淡水出口流出，浓水B由第一浓水出口流出；
S3.启动第一海淡系统，使由第一淡水出口流出的淡水B进入第一海淡膜进行脱盐处理，得到淡水C和浓水C，浓水C由第三浓水出口流出，淡水C由第三淡水出口流出；
S4.启动第一蒸发系统，使由第三浓水出口流出的浓水C进入第一蒸发系统进行蒸发处理，得到淡水E以及析出的盐分，淡水E由第四淡水出口流出，盐分由第一集盐口收集；
S5.启动第二海淡系统，使由第一浓水出口流出的浓水B进入第二海淡膜进行脱盐处理，得到淡水F和浓水F，浓水F由第五浓水出口流出，淡水F由第五淡水出口流出；
S6.启动第二蒸发系统，使由第五浓水出口流出的浓水F进入第二蒸发系统进行蒸发处理，得到淡水G以及析出的盐分，淡水G由第六淡水出口流出，盐分由第二集盐口收集；
S7.启动RO系统，使由第三淡水出口流出的淡水C、由第四淡水出口流出的淡水E、由第五淡水出口流出的淡水F和/或由第六淡水出口流出的淡水G 均可进入RO膜中进行RO过滤，得到淡水D和浓水D，浓水D通过循环回路返回至第一海淡循环槽继续循环浓缩，淡水D则利用回收水桶收集，回用于生产线。
本发明具有以下技术效果：
1.本发明的紧固件表面处理废水的处理装置，可使紧固件表面处理废水的回收率达到95％以上，系统稳定产水20m 3/h，且产水水质满足《城市污水再生水利用工业用水水质》中工艺与产品用标准(GB/T19923－2005)中工艺与产品用水标准，该用水标准中要求pH为6.5～8.5，化学需氧量(COD)≤30mg/L，悬浮物(SS)≤25mg/L。
2.本发明通过配置纳滤系统，对废水进行初步分盐处理，分离出含一价非重金属离子废水和含二价以上重金属离子废水，两种废水分别经过处理后获得一价盐KCl，其纯度大于98％，可回用于生产线，以及重金属含量较高的混盐，重金属盐氯化锌含量大于50％，可用于回收重金属盐，从而实现双盐的资源化。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。在所有附图中，类似的元件或部分一般由类似的附图标记标识。附图中，各元件或部分并不一定按照实际的比例绘制。
图1是本发明实施例1所提供的一种紧固件表面处理废水的处理装置的工艺流程图；
图2是图1所示的紧固件表面处理废水的处理装置的预处理系统和微滤系 统的结构框图；
图3是图1所示的紧固件表面处理废水的处理装置的纳滤系统的结构框图；
图4是图1所示的紧固件表面处理废水的处理装置的第一海淡系统的结构框图。
附图标记：
废水收集池-11；pH值调节池-12；还原池-13；气浮池-14；吸油棉系统-15；
微滤系统-2；纳滤系统-3；第一浓水出口-31；第一淡水出口-32；
纳滤循环槽-33；纳滤过滤器-34；精密过滤器-35；高压泵-36；
第一海淡循环槽-41；第一海淡膜-42；第三浓水出口-43；
第三淡水出口-44；第一蒸发系统-5；第四淡水出口-51；第一集盐口-52；
第二海淡循环槽-61；第二海淡膜-62；第五浓水出口-63；
第五淡水出口-64；第二蒸发系统-7；第六淡水出口-71；第二集盐口-72；
RO循环槽-81；RO膜-82；第二浓水出口-83；第二淡水出口-84；
回用水桶-9；
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，因此只是作为示例，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
需要注意的是，除非另有说明，本申请使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域技术人员所理解的通常意义。
实施例1
图1是本发明实施例1所提供的一种紧固件表面处理废水的处理装置的工 艺流程图。参见图1，本发明实施例1提供了一种紧固件表面处理废水的处理装置包括：预处理系统、微滤系统2、纳滤系统3、第一海淡系统、第一蒸发系统5、第二海淡系统、第二蒸发系统7和RO系统。所述预处理系统、所述微滤系统2和所述纳滤系统3顺次相连。
图2是图1所示的紧固件表面处理废水的处理装置的预处理系统和微滤系统2的结构框图。参见图2，所述预处理系统包括依次连接的废水收集池11、pH值调节池12、还原池13、气浮池14和吸油棉系统15，所述吸油棉系统15与所述微滤系统2相连。
紧固件表面处理废水被收集进入废水收集池11中，废水收集池11中设有用于判定其中废水量的液位浮球，连接废水收集池11和pH调节池的管道中设有提升泵和流量计，用于将废水收集池11中的废水泵至pH值调节池12中。pH值调节池12中设有用于检测液体pH值的pH在线检测仪。还原池13中设有用于检测液体氧化还原电位的ORP在线检测仪。pH值调节池12和还原池13中均接通压缩空气，可以使水质更加均匀。气浮池14是在水中产生大量细微气泡，细微气泡与废水中小悬浮粒子相黏附，形成整体密度小于水的“气泡颗粒”复合体，悬浮粒子随气泡一起浮升到水面，形成泡沫浮查，从而使水中悬浮物得以分离。废水中的悬浮物被去除后，进入吸油棉系统15中进行除油处理。
微滤系统2是一种利用膜过滤原理的新型废水处理技术，其滤膜的孔径范围为0.1-0.01μm之间，适合对悬浮液和乳液进行截留或浓缩以及低浊度液体除菌。针对不同性质的废水可选用不同孔径的滤膜。
为减少膜污染，微滤系统2采用错流操作方式。在错流操作中，进料流体的流动方向与膜平面的方向平行，显然，增大流速和流量能提高湍流程度降低 边界层厚度，减轻膜表面污染。在实际工程应用中，我们选用3-6m/s的流速。由于流体在很高的的流速下会产生强烈湍流，并在膜表面产生巨大的剪切力，使沉积在膜表面微孔上的微粒重新返回到流体中。
微滤系统2是基于此种原理而发展并改良的废水处理技术，利用循环泵将水打入膜系统进行错流过滤，从而实现分离过程。微滤系统2完全代替了传统废水处理中的絮凝、沉淀、砂滤、活性炭和超滤等工艺，其优点在于：处理效果稳定，完全满足污水处理的排放要求；占地面积小，有效节约土地资源；节约土建投资；可依据水量模块化分期设计，减少初始投资；出水调节pH值后就可以排放或直接进入RO系统回用，方便业主随时扩展回用而不受任何工艺限制；清洗周期长，减少运行费用。
纳滤系统3(NF)用于将相对分子质量较小的物质，如无机盐或葡萄糖、蔗糖等小分子有机物从溶剂中分离出来。纳滤又称为低压反渗透，是膜分离技术的一种新兴领域，其分离性能介于反渗透和超滤之间，允许一些无机盐和某些溶剂透过膜，从而达到分离的效果。
本发明通过配置纳滤系统3，对废水进行初步分盐处理，分离出含一价非重金属离子废水和含二价以上重金属离子废水。在本申请中，含一价非重金属离子废水被定义为淡水，含二价以上重金属离子废水被定义为浓水。
图3是图1所示的紧固件表面处理废水的处理装置的纳滤系统3的结构框图。参见图3，纳滤系统3具体包括用于接收并储存废水的纳滤循环槽33和纳滤过滤器34，在纳滤循环槽33和纳滤过滤器34之间的管道中依次设有提升泵，在提升泵与纳滤过滤器34之间设有精密过滤器35和高压泵36。所述纳滤过滤器34具有第一浓水出口31和第一淡水出口32，废水经过纳滤过滤器34处理之后分为浓水B和淡水B，并分别从第一浓水出口31和第一淡水出口32流出。
参见图1，所述第一淡水出口32与所述第一海淡系统相连，所述第一浓水出口31与所述第二海淡系统相连。第一海淡系统和第二海淡系统的内部构造及零部件均相同，区别仅在于，二者的入口与出口所连接的装置不同。故在本申请中仅提供了第一海淡系统的结构框图，第二海淡系统的结构框图可参照第一海淡系统。
图4是图1所示的紧固件表面处理废水的处理装置的第一海淡系统的结构框图。参见图4，所述第一海淡系统包括依次连接的第一海淡循环槽41和第一海淡膜42，所述第一海淡循环槽41的入口与所述第一淡水出口32相连。所述第一海淡膜42具有第三浓水出口43和第三淡水出口44。淡水B从第一淡水出口32流出，进入到第一海淡循环槽41中，经提升泵提升至第一海淡膜42中，经第一海淡膜42处理之后，分为浓水C和淡水C，并分别从第三浓水出口43和第三淡水出口44流出。
参见图1，所述第三浓水出口43与所述第一蒸发系统5的入口相连，所述第一蒸发系统5具有第四淡水出口51以及第一集盐口52，所述第四淡水出口51与所述RO系统的入口相连。
浓水C从第三浓水出口43流出，进入到第一蒸发系统5中，经过第一蒸发系统5处理后实现固液分离，即可获得淡水E以及一价非重金属盐，如KCl，淡水E从第四淡水出口51流出，一价非重金属盐经第一集盐口52收集委外处理。
同样地，所述第二海淡系统包括依次连接的第二海淡循环槽61和第二海淡膜62，所述第二海淡循环槽61的入口与所述第一浓水出口31相连。所述第二海淡膜62具有第五浓水出口63和第五淡水出口64。浓水B从第一浓水出口31流出，进入到第二海淡循环槽61中，经提升泵提升至第一海淡膜42中，经第 二海淡膜62处理之后，分为浓水F和淡水F，并分别从第五浓水出口63和第五淡水出口64流出。
参见图1，所述第五浓水出口63与所述第二蒸发系统7的入口相连，所述第二蒸发系统7具有第六淡水出口71以及第二集盐口72，所述第六淡水出口71与所述RO系统的入口相连。
浓水F从第五浓水出口63流出，进入到第二蒸发系统7中，经过第二蒸发系统7处理后实现固液分离，即可获得淡水G以及含二价以上重金属离子盐，如ZnCl 2，淡水G从第六淡水出口71流出，含二价以上重金属离子盐经第二集盐口72收集委外处理。
参见图1，所述RO系统包括RO循环槽81和RO膜82，所述RO循环槽81的入口分别与第三淡水出口44、所述第四淡水出口51、所述第五淡水出口64和所述第六淡水出口71相连，所述RO膜82具有第二浓水出口83和第二淡水出口84，所述第二浓水出口83与所述第一海淡循环槽41的入口相连，所述第二淡水出口84与所述回用水桶9相连。
淡水C、淡水E、淡水F和淡水G均直接进入RO循环槽81，进而经过RO膜82处理，可获得淡水D和浓水D，并分别从第二淡水出口84和第二浓水出口83流出。从第二淡水出口84流出的淡水D可通过回用水桶9收集，直接回用于生产线。
参见图1，所述第一海淡循环槽41的入口与所述第二浓水出口83相连。从第二浓水出口83流出的浓水D可通过循环回路返回至第一海淡循环槽41中，再次经第一海淡膜42进行处理。
实施例2
本发明实施例2提供了利用实施例1所述的处理装置对紧固件表面处理废 水进行处理的工艺，包括如下步骤：
S1.将紧固件表面处理废水收集到废水收集池11中，废水首先进入pH值调节池12进行加酸调节，再进入还原池13进行还原处理，接着进入气浮池14进行固液分离处理，最后进入吸油棉系统15去除油污；
S2.启动微滤系统2，使经过S1处理的废水进入微滤系统2进行错流过滤，得到淡水A，淡水A进入纳滤系统3并获得淡水B和浓水B，淡水B由第一淡水出口32流出，浓水B由第一浓水出口31流出；
S3.启动第一海淡系统，使由第一淡水出口32流出的淡水B进入第一海淡膜42进行海淡过滤，得到淡水C和浓水C，浓水C由第三浓水出口43流出，淡水C由第三淡水出口44流出；
S4.启动第一蒸发系统5，使由第三浓水出口43流出的浓水C进入第一蒸发系统5进行蒸发处理，得到淡水E以及析出的盐分，淡水E由第四淡水出口51流出，盐分由第一集盐口52收集；
S5.启动第二海淡系统，使由第一浓水出口31流出的浓水B进入第二海淡膜62进行海淡过滤，得到淡水F和浓水F，浓水F由第五浓水出口63流出，淡水F由第五淡水出口64流出；
S6.启动第二蒸发系统7，使由第五浓水出口63流出的浓水F进入第二蒸发系统7进行蒸发处理，得到淡水G以及析出的盐分，淡水G由第六淡水出口71流出，盐分由第二集盐口72收集；
S7.启动RO系统，使由第三淡水出口44流出的淡水C、由第四淡水出口51流出的淡水E、由第五淡水出口64流出的淡水F和/或由第六淡水出口71流出的淡水G均可进入RO膜82中进行RO过滤，得到淡水D和浓水D，浓水D通过循环回路返回至第一海淡循环槽41继续循环浓缩，淡水D则利用回 收水桶收集，回用于生产线。
为了验证回收水桶收集的淡水D的水质状况，采用国标检测方法(GB/T19923－2005)进行检测，检测内容包括废水及回用水的pH、COD及SS值，结果见表1。
表1
Figure PCTCN2019125250-appb-000001
由上表结果可以看出，紧固件表面处理废水在经过本申请的装置和工艺处 理后，得到的回用水中pH、COD及SS值均符合回用水的标准。
除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的数值并不限制本发明的范围。在这里示出和描述的所有示例中，除非另有规定，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制，因此，示例性实施例的其他示例可以具有不同的值。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种紧固件表面处理废水的处理装置，其特征在于，包括：预处理系统、微滤系统、纳滤系统、第一海淡系统、第二海淡系统和RO系统，所述预处理系统、所述微滤系统和所述纳滤系统顺次相连，所述纳滤系统具有第一浓水出口和第一淡水出口，所述第一淡水出口与所述第一海淡系统相连，所述第一浓水出口与所述第二海淡系统相连，所述第一海淡系统的出口和所述第二海淡系统的出口均与所述RO系统相连，所述RO系统具有第二浓水出口和第二淡水出口，所述第二浓水出口与所述第一海淡系统的入口相连，所述第二淡水出口连接有回用水桶。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的紧固件表面处理废水的处理装置，其特征在于，所述第一海淡系统包括依次连接的第一海淡循环槽和第一海淡膜，所述第一海淡循环槽的入口分别与所述第一淡水出口及第二浓水出口相连，所述第一海淡膜具有第三浓水出口和第三淡水出口，所述第三淡水出口与所述RO系统的入口相连。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的紧固件表面处理废水的处理装置，其特征在于，还包括第一蒸发系统，所述第三浓水出口与所述第一蒸发系统的入口相连，所述第一蒸发系统具有第四淡水出口以及第一集盐口，所述第四淡水出口与所述RO系统的入口相连。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的紧固件表面处理废水的处理装置，其特征在于，所述第二海淡系统包括依次连接的第二海淡循环槽和第二海淡膜，所述第二海淡循环槽的入口与所述第一浓水出口相连，所述第二海淡膜具有第五浓水出口和第五淡水出口，所述第五淡水出口与所述RO系统的入口相连。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的紧固件表面处理废水的处理装置，其特征在于， 还包括第二蒸发系统，所述第五浓水出口与所述第二蒸发系统的入口相连，所述第二蒸发系统具有第六淡水出口以及第二集盐口，所述第六淡水出口与所述RO系统的入口相连。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的紧固件表面处理废水的处理装置，其特征在于，所述RO系统包括RO循环槽和RO膜，所述RO循环槽的入口分别与第三淡水出口、所述第四淡水出口、所述第五淡水出口和所述第六淡水出口相连，所述RO膜具有第二浓水出口和第二淡水出口，所述第二浓水出口与所述第一海淡循环槽的入口相连，所述第二淡水出口与所述回用水桶相连。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的紧固件表面处理废水的处理装置，其特征在于，所述预处理系统包括依次连接的废水收集池、pH调节池、还原池、气浮池和吸油棉系统，所述吸油棉系统与所述微滤系统相连。
  8. 一种利用权利要求1-7中任一项所述的处理装置对紧固件表面处理废水进行处理的工艺，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    S1.将紧固件表面处理废水收集到废水收集池中，废水首先进入pH值调节池进行加酸调节，再进入还原池进行还原处理，接着进入气浮池进行固液分离处理，最后进入吸油棉系统去除油污；
    S2.启动微滤系统，使经过S1处理的废水进入微滤系统进行错流过滤，得到淡水A，淡水A进入纳滤系统并获得淡水B和浓水B，淡水B由第一淡水出口流出，浓水B由第一浓水出口流出；
    S3.启动第一海淡系统，使由第一淡水出口流出的淡水B进入第一海淡膜进行海淡过滤，得到淡水C和浓水C，浓水C由第三浓水出口流出，淡水C由第三淡水出口流出；
    S4.启动第一蒸发系统，使由第三浓水出口流出的浓水C进入第一蒸发系统 进行蒸发处理，得到淡水E以及析出的盐分，淡水E由第四淡水出口流出，盐分由第一集盐口收集；
    S5.启动第二海淡系统，使由第一浓水出口流出的浓水B进入第二海淡膜进行海淡过滤，得到淡水F和浓水F，浓水F由第五浓水出口流出，淡水F由第五淡水出口流出；
    S6.启动第二蒸发系统，使由第五浓水出口流出的浓水F进入第二蒸发系统进行蒸发处理，得到淡水G以及析出的盐分，淡水G由第六淡水出口流出，盐分由第二集盐口收集；
    S7.启动RO系统，使由第三淡水出口流出的淡水C、由第四淡水出口流出的淡水E、由第五淡水出口流出的淡水F和/或由第六淡水出口流出的淡水G均可进入RO膜中进行RO过滤，得到淡水D和浓水D，浓水D通过循环回路返回至第一海淡循环槽继续循环浓缩，淡水D则利用回收水桶收集，回用于生产线。
PCT/CN2019/125250 2019-03-12 2019-12-13 一种紧固件表面处理废水的处理装置及处理工艺 WO2020181866A1 (zh)

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