WO2020174577A1 - Ｘ線撮像装置 - Google Patents

Ｘ線撮像装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020174577A1
WO2020174577A1 PCT/JP2019/007292 JP2019007292W WO2020174577A1 WO 2020174577 A1 WO2020174577 A1 WO 2020174577A1 JP 2019007292 W JP2019007292 W JP 2019007292W WO 2020174577 A1 WO2020174577 A1 WO 2020174577A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
information
intensity
distance
imaging
ray
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Ceased
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PCT/JP2019/007292
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
青木　徹
克之 都木
昭史 小池
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Shizuoka University NUC
Anseen Inc
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Shizuoka University NUC
Anseen Inc
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Application filed by Shizuoka University NUC, Anseen Inc filed Critical Shizuoka University NUC
Priority to EP19916559.8A priority Critical patent/EP3932317A4/en
Priority to JP2021501428A priority patent/JP7116407B2/ja
Priority to CN201980092815.8A priority patent/CN113518587B/zh
Priority to KR1020217027617A priority patent/KR102586361B1/ko
Priority to PCT/JP2019/007292 priority patent/WO2020174577A1/ja
Priority to US17/432,611 priority patent/US11921057B2/en
Priority to TW109104202A priority patent/TWI798527B/zh
Publication of WO2020174577A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020174577A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to JP2022098897A priority patent/JP7291323B2/ja
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/58—Testing, adjusting or calibrating thereof
    • A61B6/589—Setting distance between source unit and patient
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
    • G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
    • G01N23/046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
    • A61B6/032—Transmission computed tomography [CT]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/5205—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving processing of raw data to produce diagnostic data
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/5258—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving detection or reduction of artifacts or noise
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/54—Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/547—Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis involving tracking of position of the device or parts of the device
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/58—Testing, adjusting or calibrating thereof
    • A61B6/588—Setting distance between source unit and detector unit
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/30—Accessories, mechanical or electrical features
    • G01N2223/323—Accessories, mechanical or electrical features irradiation range monitor, e.g. light beam

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an X-ray imaging device.
  • Patent Documents 1 to 4 disclose devices using radiation.
  • An example of an apparatus using a radiation detector is a computed tomography apparatus (CT: Computed Tomography).
  • CT computed Tomography
  • Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose techniques relating to a computer tomography apparatus.
  • the computer tomography apparatus ideally assumes that the relative positional relationship between the X-ray sensor and the imaging target remains unchanged during imaging. That is, when the relative positional relationship between the X-ray sensor and the imaging target is unchanged, the theoretically highest resolution image can be obtained. That is, the performance of the X-ray sensor can be sufficiently exhibited. However, during imaging, the relative positional relationship between the X-ray sensor and the imaging target changes due to several factors. Therefore, the performance of the X-ray sensor cannot be maximized.
  • the present disclosure describes an X-ray imaging apparatus capable of sufficiently bringing out the performance of the X-ray sensor.
  • One form of the present disclosure is an X-ray imaging apparatus that obtains imaging information indicating the internal structure of an imaging target by using the intensity of X-rays that have passed through the imaging target, and emits X-rays toward the imaging target.
  • An X-ray intensity measuring unit which is arranged so as to face the X-ray source so as to sandwich the imaging target, and obtains intensity information of X-rays transmitted through the imaging target, and an image of measurement light reflected on the surface of the imaging target.
  • Information for obtaining imaging information using a distance measuring unit that obtains distance information to the surface of the imaging target by using measurement light that is irradiated toward the object and reflected by the surface of the imaging target, and intensity information and distance information A processing unit, and the information processing unit uses at least the distance information to extract the information used for generating the imaging information from the plurality of intensity information, and the intensity information extracted by the extraction unit.
  • An image generation unit that generates imaging information.
  • the information processing unit of the X-ray imaging apparatus uses at least distance information to extract information used for generating imaging information from intensity information.
  • the distance information indicates the relative positional relationship between the X-ray intensity measurement unit and the imaging target. Therefore, the information processing section can extract the one suitable for generating the imaging information based on the distance information. As a result, the deterioration of the quality of the imaging information is suppressed, and the performance of the X-ray intensity measurement unit can be sufficiently brought out.
  • the extraction unit of the X-ray imaging apparatus described above includes a distance difference acquisition unit that acquires a distance difference between the first distance information acquired at the first timing and the second distance information acquired at the second timing, and the distance difference is within an allowable range. If the output of the distance evaluation unit is the first permission information, the distance evaluation unit outputs the first permission information when the distance difference is within the allowable range.
  • a labeling unit that adds information indicating that the intensity information is used for generation to the intensity information acquired at the second timing may be included. According to this configuration, it is possible to preferably extract the intensity information suitable for generating the imaging information.
  • the distance evaluation unit of the X-ray imaging apparatus outputs the first prohibition information when the distance difference is not within the allowable range, and the extraction unit acquires the first intensity information acquired at the first timing and the second intensity information at the second timing.
  • An intensity difference acquisition unit that acquires an intensity difference from the second intensity information and an evaluation as to whether or not the intensity difference is within an allowable range, and outputs the second permission information when the intensity difference is within the allowable range.
  • the intensity evaluation unit that outputs the second prohibition information when the intensity difference is not within the allowable range, and the image when the output of the distance evaluation unit is the first prohibition information and the output of the intensity evaluation unit is the second permission information.
  • the imaging target changes in the second mode. It may further include an aspect evaluation unit that evaluates the result. According to this configuration, in the relative positional relationship between the X-ray intensity measuring unit and the imaging target, it is possible to determine the mode of change in the positional relationship.
  • the X-ray intensity measurement unit of the X-ray imaging apparatus acquires the intensity distribution of X-rays emitted from the X-ray source and transmitted through the imaging target as the first intensity information and the second intensity information, and the aspect evaluation unit, Depending on the result of comparison between the intensity distribution indicated by the first intensity information and the intensity distribution indicated by the second intensity information, it may be determined whether the first mode is deformation of the imaging target or movement of the imaging target. According to this configuration, in the relative positional relationship between the X-ray intensity measurement unit and the imaging target, it is possible to determine the change mode of the positional relationship in more detail.
  • the performance of the X-ray sensor can be fully brought out.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the main configuration of the X-ray imaging apparatus according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the X-ray imaging apparatus according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the processing performed by the information processing device.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing details of a part of the processing performed by the information processing apparatus.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the processing when the imaging target moves.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the process when the imaging target is deformed.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the process when the imaging target is deformed in another mode.
  • FIG. 8 is a functional block diagram of the X-ray imaging apparatus according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the main configuration of the X-ray imaging apparatus according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the X-ray imaging apparatus according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a method of discriminating a mode of an imaging target.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a method of discriminating a mode of an imaging target.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing in detail a part of the processing performed by the information processing apparatus of the X-ray imaging apparatus of the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing in more detail a part of the processing performed by the information processing apparatus of the X-ray imaging apparatus of the second embodiment.
  • the X-ray imaging apparatus 1 obtains a reconstructed image as imaging information indicating the internal structure of the imaging target 100. Furthermore, the X-ray imaging apparatus 1 obtains voxel data indicating the three-dimensional internal structure of the imaging target 100 using the plurality of reconstructed images. The X-ray imaging apparatus 1 uses X-rays that pass through the imaging target 100.
  • the X-ray imaging apparatus 1 has X-ray source 2, X-ray sensor 3 (X-ray intensity measuring unit), distance sensor 4 (distance measuring unit), and information processing device 5 (information processing unit) as main components. ), and have.
  • the X-ray source 2 emits X-rays toward the imaging target 100.
  • the X-ray sensor 3 is arranged to face the X-ray source 2 so as to sandwich the imaging target 100.
  • the X-ray sensor 3 acquires intensity information of X-rays that have passed through the imaging target 100.
  • the X-ray sensor 3 has a structure in which an X-ray detection unit and a reading circuit are stacked. Since the X-ray sensor 3 is thin, it can be mounted at an ideal position.
  • the X-ray source 2 and the X-ray sensor 3 revolve around the axis A1. According to this revolution, it is possible to obtain imaging information regarding the imaging surface B orthogonal to the axis A1.
  • the X-ray source 2 and the X-ray sensor 3 move in parallel with the axis A1. According to this parallel movement, it is possible to obtain imaging information regarding the plurality of imaging planes B. By using the imaging information regarding the plurality of imaging planes B, voxel data indicating the three-dimensional internal structure of the imaging target 100 can be obtained.
  • the distance sensor 4 is arranged near the X-ray sensor 3.
  • the distance sensor 4 is a two-dimensional distance sensor capable of real-time measurement.
  • a ToF camera ToF: Time of Flight
  • the position of the distance sensor 4 relative to the X-ray sensor 3 is fixed. That is, the distance sensor 4 revolves around the axis A1 together with the X-ray sensor 3.
  • the distance sensor 4 obtains distance information to the surface of the imaging target 100.
  • the distance sensor 4 irradiates the imaging target with the measurement light 10 reflected on the surface of the imaging target 100. Then, the distance sensor 4 obtains distance information by using the measurement light 10 reflected on the surface of the imaging target 100.
  • the distance sensor 4 obtains distance information from the distance sensor 4 to the imaging target 100. This distance information is used as distance information from the X-ray sensor 3 to the imaging target 100.
  • the orbit OB of the X-ray source 2 and the X-ray sensor 3 is set.
  • the axis A2 connecting the X-ray source 2 and the X-ray sensor 3 is set.
  • the axis A2 overlaps with the imaging target 100 and is orthogonal to the axis A1.
  • the distance sensor 4 may be arranged at a position overlapping the axis A2 when viewed from the direction of the axis A1. Further, the distance sensor 4 may be arranged at a position overlapping the orbit OB when viewed from the direction of the axis A1. According to such an arrangement, the distance information from the distance sensor 4 to the imaging target 100 may be treated as equivalent to the distance information from the X-ray sensor 3 to the imaging target 100.
  • the arrangement of the distance sensor 4 is an example, and the arrangement is not limited to the above arrangement.
  • the disposition of the distance sensor 4 is not particularly limited as long as the disposition can obtain the distance information from the X-ray sensor 3 to the imaging target 100.
  • the distance sensor 4 may be arranged on the X-ray detection surface of the X-ray sensor 3 having a laminated structure. With this configuration, it is possible to reduce the size of the sensor that can obtain the intensity information and the distance information.
  • the information processing device 5 obtains voxel data using the intensity information and the distance information.
  • the information processing device 5 is connected to the X-ray source 2, the X-ray sensor 3, and the distance sensor 4 by wire or wirelessly.
  • the information processing device 5 acquires from the X-ray sensor 3 intensity information regarding the X-rays received by the X-ray sensor 3. Further, the information processing device 5 acquires distance information from the distance sensor 4.
  • the information processing device 5 physically has a storage device 6 and a processor 7.
  • the storage device 6 is composed of a recording medium such as a RAM (Random Access Memory), a semiconductor memory, and a hard disk device capable of reading and writing data.
  • the storage device 6 includes a reconstruction program 8, a strength information storage unit 9, and a distance information storage unit 11.
  • the intensity information storage unit 9 stores the intensity information output from the X-ray sensor 3.
  • the distance information storage unit 11 acquires the distance information output from the distance sensor 4.
  • the intensity information and the distance information are attached with information indicating the timing when these pieces of information are acquired. This timing information may be time or an angle with reference to the axis A1.
  • the strength information and the distance information can be associated with each other by using the timing information. That is, it is possible to obtain the distance to the imaging target 100 when certain intensity information is acquired.
  • the information processing device 5 may process the information sequentially output by the X-ray sensor 3 and the distance sensor 4 in real time. In this case, the information processing device 5 may omit the strength information storage unit 9 and the distance information storage unit 11.
  • Examples of the processor 7 include a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a microcontroller, and a DSP (Digital Signal Processor).
  • the processor 7 may be a single processor or a multiprocessor.
  • the processor 7 functionally includes an extraction unit 12 and a reconstruction unit 13 (image generation unit). The functions of the extraction unit 12 and the reconstruction unit 13 are realized by the processor 7 reading and executing the reconstruction program 8 stored in the storage device 6.
  • the information processing device 5 uses a plurality of pieces of intensity information to generate voxel data.
  • the difference in intensity indicates the internal structure of the imaging target 100.
  • a difference in intensity also occurs when the imaging target 100 moves or deforms during the acquisition period of intensity information.
  • the intensity information including the intensity change that is not caused by the internal structure becomes noise in the generation of voxel data. Therefore, the extraction unit 12 extracts intensity information suitable for generating voxel data as a target of reconstruction processing.
  • the extraction unit 12 extracts strength information suitable for reconstruction (hereinafter also referred to as “synthesis target information”) from the strength information stored in the strength information storage unit 9.
  • the extraction unit 12 may directly receive the intensity information from the X-ray sensor 3.
  • the extraction unit 12 extracts the synthesis target information based on the state of the imaging target 100. Specifically, the extraction unit 12 evaluates the moving and/or deforming state of the imaging target 100, and when the moving and/or deforming state is within the allowable range, sets it as the synthesis target information.
  • the extraction unit 12 may output the information that has not been extracted as the synthesis target information to the storage device 6 as the non-synthesis target information.
  • the extraction unit 12 includes a distance difference acquisition unit 12a, a distance evaluation unit 12b, and a labeling unit 12c. These functions are realized by the processor 7 reading and executing the reconfiguration program 8.
  • the distance difference acquisition unit 12a reads out two pieces of distance information stored in the distance information storage unit 11.
  • the two pieces of distance information are the first distance information acquired at the first timing and the second distance information acquired at the second timing.
  • the second timing is a timing after a predetermined time has elapsed from the first timing. Note that these timings may be treated as time or may be treated as angles around the axis A1.
  • the distance difference acquisition unit 12a obtains a distance difference that is a difference between the first distance information and the second distance information. Then, the distance difference acquisition unit 12a outputs the distance difference to the distance evaluation unit 12b.
  • the distance evaluation unit 12b evaluates whether or not the distance difference is within the allowable range.
  • the distance evaluation unit 12b outputs the first permission information to the labeling unit 12c when the distance difference is within the allowable range.
  • the distance evaluation unit 12b outputs the first prohibition information to the labeling unit 12c when the distance difference is outside the allowable range.
  • the labeling unit 12c associates either strength information or permission information with prohibition information.
  • This permission information is information indicating that it is used for reconstruction.
  • This prohibition information is information indicating that it is not used for reconstruction.
  • the labeling unit 12c receives the first permission information or the first prohibition information from the distance evaluation unit 12b. Further, the labeling unit 12c reads the intensity information corresponding to the second distance information from the intensity information storage unit 9. Then, the labeling unit 12c associates the read strength information with the permission information or the prohibition information, and stores it in the strength information storage unit 9.
  • the reconstructing unit 13 reads the intensity information to which the permission information is added from the intensity information stored in the intensity information storage unit 9. Then, the reconstruction unit 13 performs reconstruction processing and generation of voxel data based on the read intensity information. Any method may be used for the reconstruction process and the generation of voxel data.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a series of processes performed by the X-ray imaging apparatus 1 of FIGS. 1 and 2. The process illustrated in FIG. 3 is performed for each imaging target 100.
  • step S2 the positional relationship between the X-ray source 2 and the X-ray sensor 3 is acquired (step S2). Specifically, the relative distance and the inclination of the X-ray sensor 3 with respect to the X-ray source 2 are obtained.
  • step S3 the imaging target 100 is arranged (step S3).
  • the imaging conditions include, for example, the rotation speeds of the X-ray source 2 and the X-ray sensor 3, the number of imaging steps, and the like.
  • the image capturing operation refers to an operation of acquiring intensity information and distance information.
  • the information processing device 5 outputs the synchronization signal to the X-ray source 2, the X-ray sensor and the distance sensor 4 (step S6).
  • the information processing device 5 acquires intensity information from the X-ray sensor 3 (step S7).
  • the information processing device 5 acquires distance information from the distance sensor 4 (step S8).
  • the X-ray source 2, the X-ray sensor 3, and the distance sensor 4 are rotated by a predetermined angle (step S9).
  • it is evaluated again whether or not the imaging is completed step S5).
  • the X-ray source 2 and the X-ray sensor 3 may be fixed and the image pickup target 100 may be rotated.
  • step S10 When the imaging is completed (step S5: YES), the information processing device 5 performs an information processing operation (steps S10 to S14). First, the information processing device 5 evaluates whether or not the processing has been completed for all information (step S10). When the process is not completed (step S10: NO), the information processing device 5 uses the intensity information and the distance information to calculate the distance that the X-ray has penetrated in the imaging target (step S11). Next, the information processing device 5 processes the intensity information using the distance information (step S12).
  • the processing of the strength information here is the association of the permission information or the prohibition information in the labeling unit 12c. That is, the intensity information used for image reconstruction and the intensity information not used for image reconstruction are discriminated.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the step S12 shown in FIG. 3 in more detail.
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of the X-ray imaging apparatus 1 viewed from the direction of the axis A1. Now, it is assumed that the X-ray R is emitted from the X-ray source 2 along the axis A2. The X-ray R penetrates the imaging target 100A. The intensity of the transmitted X-ray R is attenuated according to the internal structure of the imaging target 100A. The internal structure includes, for example, the material forming the imaging target 100A and the X-ray transmission distance (L1). Then, the X-ray R that has been transmitted enters the X-ray sensor 3. The X-ray sensor 3 obtains the intensity of the incident X-ray R.
  • the attenuation of the intensity of the X-ray R that occurs when transmitting the imaging target 100A depends on, for example, the material forming the imaging target 100A and the X-ray transmission distance (L1). Based on this assumption, the attenuation of the X-ray R is constant regardless of the position on the axis A2. That is, as indicated by the intensity information N, the intensity (PB) of the X-ray R transmitted through the imaging target 100B at the distance (L2) is equal to the intensity (PB) of the X-ray R transmitted through the imaging target 100A at the distance (L3) PA).
  • This “distance” refers to the length from the light receiving surface of the X-ray sensor 3 along the axis A2 to the surface of the imaging targets 100A and 100B. That is, even if the imaging target 100A moves along the axis A2 toward the X-ray sensor 3 by the distance (LA), the output (intensity information) of the X-ray sensor 3 does not change.
  • the intensity information of the imaging target 100A and the intensity information of the imaging target 100B are used when the intensity information is reconstructed, the resolution of the image obtained by the reconstruction is reduced.
  • FIG. 6 Another example will be further described with reference to FIG.
  • the positions of the imaging targets 100A and 100B on the axis A2 change has been described.
  • the same phenomenon occurs when the imaging target 100A expands and is transformed into the imaging target 100C.
  • the internal configurations of the imaging targets 100A and 100C are assumed to be uniform before and after expansion.
  • the X-ray R irradiated on the imaging target 100A before expansion travels in a region having a predetermined density by a transmission distance (L1).
  • the X-ray R irradiated on the imaged target 100C after expansion advances through a region having a predetermined density by a transmission distance (L4).
  • the intensity (PC) of the X-ray R transmitted through the imaged target 100C after expansion is equal to the intensity (PA) of the X-ray R transmitted through the imaged target 100A before expansion. That is, even if the imaging target 100A is deformed, no change appears in the intensity information.
  • the distance information is used to detect the change in the position of the imaging target 100.
  • the distance difference acquisition unit 12a first performs a difference calculation (L2-L1) between the first distance (L1) and the second distance (L2) to obtain the difference distance ( ⁇ L) (step S12a).
  • the distance evaluation unit 12b determines whether the difference distance ( ⁇ L) is within the allowable range (step S12b). This tolerance may be based on the pixel size of the reconstructed image, for example.
  • the distance evaluation unit 12b outputs the permission information (step S12c).
  • the labeling unit 12c reads the second intensity information associated with the second distance from the intensity information storage unit 9. Then, the labeling unit 12c stores the second strength information in the strength information storage unit 9 after associating the permission information with the second strength information (step S12d).
  • step S12e when the difference distance ( ⁇ L) is outside the allowable range (step S12b: NO), the distance evaluation unit 12b outputs prohibition information (step S12e).
  • the labeling unit 12c reads the second intensity information associated with the second distance (L2) from the intensity information storage unit 9. Then, the labeling unit 12c stores the second strength information in the strength information storage unit 9 after associating the prohibition information with the second strength information (step S12f).
  • the intensity information that may be used in the reconstruction process and the intensity information that is not used in the reconstruction process are discriminated from each other in the plurality of intensity information stored in the intensity information storage unit 9. In other words, strength information that can be used for the reconstruction process is extracted.
  • What is determined in the process of step S12 is a phenomenon that the distance from the X-ray sensor 3 to the imaging target 100 has changed.
  • the change in the distance may be caused by the movement of the imaging target 100 as shown in FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, it may be caused by the deformation of the imaging target 100.
  • the strength information associated with each mode is not suitable for use in the reconstruction process and is therefore excluded so as not to be used in the reconstruction process.
  • the expansion of the imaging target 100C is uniform.
  • homogeneous as used herein means that, for example, the density distribution of the imaging target 100C does not change before and after the expansion. The value of the density itself changes before and after expansion.
  • non-uniform as used herein means that the density distribution of the imaging target 100D has changed before and after the expansion. That is, the density distribution of the imaging target 100A before expansion was constant. However, the density distribution of the imaged target 100D after expansion is not constant.
  • the imaging target 100D includes a high density portion D1 and a low density portion D2.
  • the intensity (PD) of the X-ray R transmitted through the imaged target 100D after expansion may change with respect to the intensity (PA) of the X-ray R transmitted through the imaged target 100A before expansion.
  • PA intensity
  • the mode of change in which no difference appears in the strength information is defined as the “first mode”.
  • a mode of change in which a difference appears in the intensity information is defined as a “second mode”.
  • the intensity information here is the peak intensity in the intensity distribution indicated by the intensity information. Therefore, in the first aspect, the difference may appear in the intensity distribution even if there is no difference in the peak intensity. This aspect will be described in detail later.
  • the information processing device 5 uses the strength information with the permission information to perform the reconstruction process. Then, the information processing device 5 again evaluates whether or not the processing has been completed for all information (step S10). When the process is completed (step S10: YES), the information processing device 5 generates voxel data (step S14). A plurality of pieces of reconstruction information are used to generate voxel data.
  • radiation detectors are used for medical, industrial, security, industrial infrastructure inspection, social infrastructure inspection, etc. Radiation detectors are widely used in these fields because they can nondestructively image internal information.
  • a computer tomography apparatus is an application example of a radiation detector.
  • the computer tomography apparatus can obtain a three-dimensional tomographic image. In the tomographic image of the computer tomography apparatus, it is an ideal state that the imaging target 100 is fixed. That is, the theoretical maximum resolution can be obtained when the imaging target is fixed during imaging.
  • the imaging target 100 is not a rigid body in many cases including humans. For example, in the case of a living body, there are some movements that cannot be stopped. As a result, the resolution decreases as the imaging target 100 moves. Therefore, the ability of the X-ray sensor 3 cannot be fully exhibited.
  • a medical computer tomography apparatus attempts to solve such a problem by rotating a gantry having an X-ray source and an X-ray sensor at high speed. Specifically, it is assumed that the imaging target is a human. Since humans breathe during imaging, movements associated with breathing occur. Therefore, the medical computer tomography apparatus rotates the gantry at a rotation speed of about 3 rotations per second. On the other hand, since the gantry is a heavy object, the gantry driving device becomes large.
  • the X-ray imaging apparatus 1 evaluates the movement of the imaging target 100 with the distance sensor 4. As a result, a decrease in resolution can be suppressed without increasing the rotation speeds of the X-ray source 2 and the X-ray sensor 3. Furthermore, the X-ray imaging apparatus 1 of the embodiment is capable of imaging at a high frame rate of 30 FPS (Frames Per Second) or 60 FPS. As a result, a good tomographic image can be obtained even when the imaging target 100 moves or deforms at high speed.
  • FPS Frarames Per Second
  • the above effect is due to the fact that the distance between the X-ray sensor 3 and the imaging target 100 is evaluated by the distance sensor 4.
  • the distance sensor 4 obtains the distance information to the imaging target 100 in synchronization with the timing at which the X-ray sensor 3 acquires the intensity information.
  • the intensity information is not suitable for the reconstruction by using the distance information. It is also possible to correct the intensity information based on the distance information. As a result, the reduction in resolution is suppressed, so that the performance of the X-ray sensor 3 can be sufficiently exhibited.
  • the information processing device 5 of the X-ray imaging device 1 uses the distance information to extract the information used to generate the imaging information from the intensity information.
  • the distance information indicates the relative positional relationship between the X-ray sensor 3 and the imaging target 100. Therefore, the information processing device 5 can extract the intensity information suitable for generating the imaging information based on the distance information. That is, when the imaging target 100 moves, intensity information suitable for reconstruction is selected. As a result, the deterioration of the quality of the imaging information is suppressed. In other words, the reduction in resolution is suppressed. Therefore, the performance of the X-ray sensor 3 can be sufficiently brought out.
  • the intensity information obtained under inappropriate conditions is excluded from the reconstruction process based on the distance information.
  • the intensity information obtained under an unsuitable condition if the mode of change of the imaging target 100 can be identified, it may be suitable for use in the reconstruction process by performing the correction process.
  • the X-ray imaging apparatus 1A according to the second embodiment differs from the X-ray imaging apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment in that it includes intensity information correction processing.
  • the X-ray imaging apparatus 1A of the second embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS. 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12. In the following description, the description of the configuration common to the X-ray imaging apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment will be omitted. Then, the configuration different from the X-ray imaging apparatus 1 of the first embodiment will be described in detail.
  • the X-ray imaging apparatus 1A has an information processing apparatus 5A.
  • the information processing device 5A has an extraction unit 12A.
  • the extraction unit 12A in addition to the distance difference acquisition unit 12a, the distance evaluation unit 12b, the labeling unit 12c, and the reconstruction unit 13, the strength difference acquisition unit 12d, the strength evaluation unit 12e, the aspect evaluation unit 12f, and the correction unit 14. And have.
  • the intensity difference acquisition unit 12d obtains the difference between the first peak intensity in the first intensity information and the second peak intensity in the second intensity information.
  • the strength evaluation unit 12e acquires the first half-value width indicating the strength distribution in the first strength information. Further, the strength evaluation unit 12e acquires the second half-value width indicating the strength distribution in the second strength information. Then, the strength evaluation unit 12e evaluates the magnitude relationship between the first half width and the second half width.
  • the mode evaluation unit 12f evaluates the mode of the imaging target 100 based on the result of the distance evaluation unit 12b and the result of the strength evaluation unit 12e.
  • the aspect of the imaging target 100 is movement and deformation of the imaging target 100. Furthermore, the movement of the imaging target 100 includes movement toward and away from the X-ray sensor 3. The movement of the imaging target 100 may include parallel movement with respect to the light receiving surface of the X-ray sensor 3. The deformation of the imaging target 100 includes expansion of the imaging target 100 and contraction of the imaging target 100. Changes in these aspects are assumed to be homogeneous.
  • the operation of the aspect evaluation unit 12f will be specifically described. As already described with reference to FIG. 5, it has been described that the movement of the imaging target 100 on the axis A1 causes no change in the intensity information. Further, as described with reference to FIG. 6, it has been stated that the uniform deformation of the imaging target 100 causes no change in the intensity information.
  • the change in the intensity information here is a change in the peak intensity of the intensity distribution indicated by the intensity information.
  • the imaging target 100A approaches the X-ray sensor 3 and the surfaces of the imaging targets 100E and 100F has decreased. It may happen. In addition, the imaging target 100A may expand and become the imaging target 100F without the position of the imaging target 100 changing. However, these two cases cannot be distinguished only by the peak intensity.
  • the intensity distribution DE when the imaging target 100A approaches the X-ray sensor 3 is different from the intensity distribution DA of the imaging target 100A.
  • the intensity distribution DF when the imaging target 100A is expanded is different from the intensity distribution DA of the imaging target 100A.
  • the intensity distribution DE when the two are close to each other is different from the intensity distribution DF when the one is expanded. Therefore, by evaluating the intensity distributions DA, DE, and DF, when the distance information indicates that the distance has been shortened, it is possible to determine whether the distance is close to the X-ray sensor 3 or the expansion.
  • the full width at half maximum may be used. Specifically, when the half width has decreased, it can be evaluated that the X-ray sensor 3 is close to the X-ray sensor 3. On the other hand, when the half-width increases, it can be evaluated as expansion.
  • the distance information indicates that the distance between the X-ray sensor 3 and the surfaces of the imaging targets 100G and 100H has increased, as shown in FIG.
  • the distance from the X-ray sensor 3 to the surfaces of the imaging targets 100G and 100H has changed from the distance L2 to the distance L6.
  • it is determined whether the increase in the distance LB is due to the movement or deformation of the imaging target. That is, it is determined whether the image capturing target 100A is moving or deforming based on the increase or decrease in the half width.
  • the intensity distribution DH of the imaging target 100H when the half width is smaller than the half width of the intensity distribution DA of the imaging target 100A, it is evaluated as contraction.
  • the intensity distribution DG of the imaging target 100 when the half-value width is larger than the half-value width of the intensity distribution DA of the imaging target 100A, it is evaluated as being separated from the X-ray sensor 3.
  • the correction unit 14 corrects the second intensity information based on the result of the aspect evaluation unit 12f.
  • the result of the mode evaluation unit 12f indicates that the mode of the imaging target 100 is a close movement, a separation movement, an expansion, or a contraction.
  • the correction unit 14 corrects the intensity information according to the four modes by using the enlargement ratio or the like regarding the X-rays emitted from the X-ray source 2.
  • the X-ray imaging apparatus 1A performs step S12A instead of step S12 shown in the flowchart of FIG.
  • step S12A performed by the X-ray imaging apparatus 1A will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12.
  • the distance difference acquisition unit 12a obtains the distance difference (step S12a).
  • the distance evaluation unit 12b evaluates whether the distance difference is within the allowable range (step S12b).
  • the distance evaluation unit 12b outputs the permission information (step S12c).
  • the labeling unit 12c associates the permission information with the second strength information (step S12d).
  • steps S12a, S12b, S12c, and S12d are the same as the operation of the X-ray imaging apparatus 1 of the first embodiment.
  • the X-ray imaging apparatus 1A of the second embodiment includes processing different from that of the X-ray imaging apparatus 1 of the first embodiment in processing when the distance difference is outside the allowable range.
  • the distance evaluation unit 12b outputs the distance difference to the aspect evaluation unit 12f.
  • This distance difference is a positive or negative integer.
  • the distance difference that is a positive integer indicates that the distance from the X-ray sensor 3 to the surface of the imaging target 100 has been shortened.
  • the distance difference, which is a negative integer indicates that the distance from the X-ray sensor 3 to the surface of the imaging target 100 has increased.
  • the relationship between the positive/negative of the distance difference and the proximity and remoteness of the imaging target 100 may be set arbitrarily.
  • step S12e when the distance difference is outside the allowable range (step S12b: NO), the distance evaluation section 12b outputs prohibition information (step S12e).
  • the intensity difference acquisition unit 12d obtains the difference in peak intensity (step S12g). Specifically, first, the intensity difference acquisition unit 12d reads the first intensity information related to the first timing and the second intensity information related to the second timing from the intensity information storage unit 9. The first intensity information and the second intensity information have a one-dimensional distribution. The intensity difference acquisition unit 12d extracts the first peak intensity from the intensity distribution indicated by the first intensity information. Further, the intensity difference acquisition unit 12d extracts the second peak intensity from the intensity distribution indicated by the second intensity information. Then, the intensity difference acquisition unit 12d obtains the peak difference between the first peak intensity and the second peak intensity.
  • the strength evaluation unit 12e evaluates whether the peak difference is within the allowable range (step S12h).
  • This step S12h determines whether or not the intensity distribution can be corrected when the distance difference is outside the allowable range. For example, the movement of the imaging target 100 can be corrected by a predetermined calculation. Similarly, the uniform expansion or contraction of the imaging target 100 can be corrected.
  • the peak intensity does not substantially change when the imaging target 100B shown in FIG. 5 is moved and the imaging target 100C shown in FIG. 6 is uniformly deformed.
  • the peak intensity changes. Therefore, it is determined whether or not the correction is possible, depending on whether or not the difference in peak intensity is within the allowable range.
  • step S12h NO
  • the intensity evaluator 12e outputs the prohibition information (step S12m).
  • the labeling unit 12c associates the prohibition information with the second strength information (step S12f).
  • step S12h If the difference between the peak intensities is within the allowable range (step S12h: YES), the intensity evaluator 12e outputs the permission information (step S12i). Subsequently, the aspect evaluation unit 12f evaluates the aspect of the imaging target 100 (step S12j).
  • step S12j Details of step S12j will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the aspect evaluation unit 12f obtains the distance difference from the distance difference acquisition unit 12a. Then, it is determined whether or not the distance from the X-ray sensor 3 to the imaging target 100 has decreased based on the distance difference (step S121). When the distance has decreased (step S121: YES), the aspect evaluation unit 12f obtains the first half-value width of the first intensity distribution indicated by the first intensity information (step S122). The aspect evaluation unit 12f obtains the second half-value width of the second intensity distribution indicated by the second intensity information (step S122). Subsequently, the aspect evaluation unit 12f obtains the difference between the first half width and the second half width.
  • the aspect evaluation unit 12f evaluates whether or not the half width has decreased based on the difference (step S123).
  • step S123: YES the aspect evaluation unit 12f evaluates that the aspect of the imaging target 100 is proximity to the X-ray sensor 3 (step S124).
  • step S123: NO the aspect evaluation unit 12f evaluates that the aspect of the imaging target 100 is expansion (step S125).
  • step S121: NO when the distance has increased (step S121: NO), the aspect evaluation unit 12f performs the same process as step S122. That is, the aspect evaluation unit 12f obtains the difference between the first half width and the second half width. Then, the aspect evaluation unit 12f evaluates whether or not the half width has decreased based on the difference (step S127). When the half width has decreased (step S127: YES), the aspect evaluation unit 12f evaluates that the aspect of the imaging target 100 is contraction (step S128). On the other hand, when the half width has increased (step S127: NO), the aspect evaluation unit 12f evaluates that the aspect of the imaging target 100 is separation from the X-ray sensor 3 (step S129).
  • the correction unit 14 corrects the second intensity information based on the result of step S12j (step S12k). Subsequently, the labeling unit 12c associates the corrected second intensity information with the permission information. Then, the labeling unit 12c stores the second intensity information with the permission information in the intensity information storage unit 9.
  • intensity information suitable for image reconstruction can be extracted as in the X-ray imaging apparatus 1 of the first embodiment. Therefore, the deterioration of the quality of the reconstruction information can be suppressed.
  • the X-ray imaging apparatus 1A of the second embodiment extracts correctable intensity information from the intensity information that is not suitable for image reconstruction. Then, by correcting the intensity information, it is converted into intensity information suitable for reconstruction. As a result, the number of pieces of intensity information that can be used for reconstruction increases, so that the quality of reconstruction information can be improved.
  • the X-ray imaging apparatus of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.
  • X-ray imaging device 1... X-ray imaging device, 2... X-ray source, 3... X-ray sensor (X-ray intensity measuring unit), 4... Distance sensor (distance measuring unit), 5... Information processing device (information processing unit), 6... Storage Device, 7... Processor, 8... Reconstruction program, 9... Intensity information storage unit, 10... Measuring light, 11... Distance information storage unit, 12... Extraction unit, 13... Reconstruction unit, 14... Correction unit, 12a... Distance Difference acquisition unit, 12b... Distance evaluation unit, 12c... Labeling unit, 12d... Strength difference acquisition unit, 12e... Strength evaluation unit, 12f... Aspect evaluation unit.

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