WO2020169324A1 - Analyse de gaz par spectroscopie raman - Google Patents

Analyse de gaz par spectroscopie raman Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020169324A1
WO2020169324A1 PCT/EP2020/052543 EP2020052543W WO2020169324A1 WO 2020169324 A1 WO2020169324 A1 WO 2020169324A1 EP 2020052543 W EP2020052543 W EP 2020052543W WO 2020169324 A1 WO2020169324 A1 WO 2020169324A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fiber
gas
scattered light
laser light
gas pressure
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2020/052543
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dietmar GISELBRECHT
Original Assignee
Omicron Electronics Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Omicron Electronics Gmbh filed Critical Omicron Electronics Gmbh
Publication of WO2020169324A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020169324A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/65—Raman scattering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
    • G01N21/0317—High pressure cuvettes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
    • G02B6/02319—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by core or core-cladding interface features
    • G02B6/02323—Core having lower refractive index than cladding, e.g. photonic band gap guiding
    • G02B6/02328—Hollow or gas filled core
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/44—Raman spectrometry; Scattering spectrometry ; Fluorescence spectrometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/65—Raman scattering
    • G01N2021/651—Cuvettes therefore
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/08—Optical fibres; light guides
    • G01N2201/088—Using a sensor fibre
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
    • G01R31/3271—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of high voltage or medium voltage devices
    • G01R31/3272—Apparatus, systems or circuits therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/62—Testing of transformers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
    • G02B6/02385—Comprising liquid, e.g. fluid filled holes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the analysis of gas and gas mixtures, for example for the measurement of process gases or emission gases and dissolved gases from oil-insulated high-voltage systems, with the help of Raman spectroscopy.
  • Raman technology is usually used in analytical measurement technology for liquid and solid analysis in order to analyze and quantify the chemical structure of a measured variable. Only a small amount of sample is required, which in most cases is neither destroyed nor changed.
  • the material to be examined is irradiated with monochromatic light.
  • other frequencies are observed in the spectrum of the light scattered by the material to be examined.
  • the frequency differences to the incident light correspond to the energies of rotation, oscillation, phonon or spin-flip processes that are characteristic of the material to be examined. Based on the spectrum of the scattered light, conclusions can be drawn about the matter to be examined.
  • the reason for this possibility of inference lies in an interaction of light with matter, which is also known as the Raman effect, in which energy is transferred from light to matter or energy from matter to light. Since the wavelength of the light, ie its color, depends on the energy of the light, this energy transfer causes a shift in the wavelength of the scattered light compared to the incident light, which is also known as the Raman shift and in Rayleight, Stokes- and anti-Stokes scattered light is divided. Raman technology is rarely used to analyze or measure gas because the intensity of the Raman effect (ie the intensity of the scattered light generated in the process) is low.
  • all gases except noble gases can be measured and / or analyzed, such as H 2 , O 2 , N 2 CH 4 , C 2 H6 C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 2 , SF ⁇ . It is also possible to identify the gases in a gas mixture.
  • the present invention has the task of increasing the intensity of the Raman effect in the measurement and / or analysis of gas.
  • this object is achieved by a device for analyzing gas according to claim 1, by a test system according to claim 11 and by a method for analyzing gas according to claim 12.
  • the dependent claims define preferred and advantageous embodiments of the present invention.
  • a device for analyzing gas comprises a laser light source, fiber means, coupling means, evaluation means and guide means.
  • the fiber means comprise a fiber into which the gas can be introduced.
  • the coupling means a laser light generated by the laser light source is coupled into the fiber in order to excite the gas with this laser light so that scattered light is emitted by the gas.
  • the evaluation means are designed to evaluate the scattered light with regard to its frequency, intensity and / or polarization in order to analyze the gas as a function of the frequency, intensity and / or polarity.
  • the guide means are designed to guide or guide the scattered light to the evaluation means.
  • the fibers comprise a tube in which the fiber is embedded.
  • the tube has an internal gas pressure which corresponds to an internal gas pressure of the fiber.
  • the internal gas pressure of the fiber is higher than a maximum possible internal gas pressure of the fiber, which is defined by a strength and / or an optical property of the fiber when the fiber is not embedded in the pipe.
  • the internal gas pressure of the fiber is therefore in particular higher than a maximum internal gas pressure of the fiber, which is defined solely by the strength and the optical property of the fiber (ie without embedding in a pipe).
  • the maximum internal gas pressure of the fiber is defined by the fact that if the differential pressure of the fiber between internal pressure and external pressure of the fiber is greater than this maximum internal gas pressure of the fiber, the optical properties of the fiber change and / or the fiber is destroyed becomes.
  • the maximum internal gas pressure pressure of the fiber corresponds exactly to that differential pressure of the fiber between the internal pressure and external pressure of the fiber at which the optical properties of the fiber are essentially unchanged compared to a virtually non-existent differential pressure of the fiber.
  • the differential pressure between the outside of the fiber and the inside of the fiber is identical. This measure largely avoids mechanical stress on the fiber due to the increased internal gas pressure within the fiber, so that despite the increased internal gas pressure, the fiber has the same optical properties as with an internal gas pressure at the level of the ambient air pressure.
  • the measurement accuracy shows a linear dependence on the internal gas pressure of the fiber, so that the measurement accuracy is higher, the higher the internal gas pressure of the fiber, provided that the other boundary conditions (e.g. laser power) can be kept constant.
  • the internal gas pressure of the fiber can be increased before geous enough above the maximum internal gas pressure of the fiber, this maximum internal gas pressure of the fiber being determined solely by the strength of the fiber.
  • the internal gas pressure of the fiber can be increased very much, which increases the scattered light intensity and thus the measurement accuracy accordingly . Even if the fiber were manufactured in such a way that it could withstand a very high differential pressure, there would be the risk that the fiber would be stretched without being embedded in the tube, which would disadvantageously change the optical properties of the fiber.
  • the mechanical stress caused by the high internal gas pressure changes the optical properties of the fiber.
  • the laser light and the scattered light are more attenuated, which would disadvantageously reduce the intensity of the scattered light.
  • the fiber By embedding the fiber in the tube, which is filled with the same gas pressure as the fiber, a change in the optical properties of the fiber due to the mechanical pressure load is advantageously prevented.
  • the fiber means can be designed as a gas measuring cell which has a gas inlet and a gas outlet with at least one (coupling) window to introduce the laser light into the gas measuring cell and to carry out the scattered light from the gas measuring cell.
  • a plane-parallel optical component made of crystalline material, which can be coated in order to e.g. To avoid reflection losses, understood.
  • the window can also be referred to as a plane-parallel plate.
  • the analysis according to the invention of the gas as a function of the frequency, intensity and / or polarity can comprise the analysis of a complete spectrum of gas mixtures.
  • the internal gas pressure of the fiber can be greater than 2 c 10 6 Pa or 20 bar.
  • the internal gas pressure of the fiber is greater than 5x10 6 Pa or 50 bar, better greater than 10 7 Pa or 100 bar and even better greater than 2x10 7 Pa or Is 200 bar.
  • this measurement accuracy with an internal gas pressure of the fiber of 1 bar is eg 100 ppm
  • this measurement accuracy with an internal gas pressure of the fiber of 10 bar is 10 ppm and with an internal gas pressure of the fiber of 100 bar 1 ppm.
  • the measurement accuracy increases linearly with the internal gas pressure of the fiber, as has already been explained in advance.
  • the evaluation means comprise a Raman spectrometer with a detector (in particular with a CCD detector (Charged Coupled Device)).
  • FERS spectroscopy i.e. fiber-reinforced Raman spectroscopy
  • the guide means can comprise a filter in order to filter out wavelengths (or the wavelength) of the laser light.
  • the arrangement of the filter can advantageously suppress the excitation wavelengths that are generated by the laser light source.
  • the fiber is a so-called hollow fiber or hollow core fiber (HC fiber).
  • This type of fiber i.e. the hollow fiber
  • the hollow fiber in particular comprises one or more glass tubes.
  • the gas to be analyzed is pressed into or into the cavities of the hollow fiber.
  • the hollow fiber serves as an optical waveguide for efficient guidance of the laser light through the gas to be analyzed.
  • the hollow fiber enables efficient collection and guidance of the scattered light. Both effects increase the measurement accuracy before geous.
  • the coupling means comprise a window (see definition above) or a lens in order to couple the laser light into the fiber.
  • This lens is advantageously a focusing lens, whereby the laser light is coupled into the fiber.
  • the window is a means of coupling the laser light and scattered light into and out of the fiber as unchanged as possible (in particular undamped).
  • the guide means comprise in particular an output fiber in order to guide the scattered light to the evaluation means. This output fiber is suitable for spatial filtering.
  • spatial filtering is advantageously achieved without having to implement a so-called pin hole (or a pinhole), for example.
  • evaluation means it is also possible for the evaluation means to be combined with the guide means, as it were, or for the evaluation means and the guide means to merge into one another, so that no output fiber is required.
  • the coupling means include in particular a dichroic splitter, on the one hand, to direct or couple the laser light into the fiber embedded in the pipe and, on the other hand, to couple out the scattered light coming from the fiber and to guide it to the evaluation means without any portions of the laser light.
  • the laser light emerging from the laser light source is already collimated (e.g. in the case of a free-space laser) or is collimated with a lens before the collimated laser light passes through the dichroic splitter (DC splitter) and e.g. the focusing lens is coupled into the fiber.
  • DC splitter dichroic splitter
  • the coupling means to couple the laser light into the fiber from a different side than the scattered light is guided from the fiber to the evaluation means.
  • the or each fiber has two ends, so that it is possible to couple light into the fiber from these two ends or sides.
  • the laser light is coupled in from the same side of the fiber to which the scattered light is led out of the fiber.
  • the laser light is introduced into the fiber from a first of these two sides of the fiber, while the scattered light is guided out of the fiber from a second of these two sides of the fiber. It differs the first side of the fiber from the second side of the fiber, or the first and the second side of the fiber together form the two sides or ends of the fiber.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is, for example, that the dichroic divider is not required.
  • a test system for testing dissolved gases and gas on a floch voltage system comprises an evaluation unit and a device according to the invention for analyzing gas.
  • the test system is designed to carry out an analysis of the gas from or in an insulation of the voltage installation.
  • the evaluation unit is designed to produce a result of the check of the floch voltage system depending on the analysis of the gas.
  • the test system according to the invention can be used on oil-insulated high-voltage systems, e.g. Power transformers, current converters, voltage converters and gas-insulated switchgear can be used.
  • the gas to be analyzed can be a gas that is used to insulate the high-voltage installation itself, or it can be a gas that has dissolved from a liquid in an insulation.
  • This method comprises the following steps:
  • a laser light source in particular generates monochromatic light.
  • the fiber is embedded in a tube which has an internal gas pressure which corresponds to an internal gas pressure of the fiber.
  • the internal gas pressure of the fiber is higher than a maximum possible internal gas pressure of the fiber, which is defined by a strength and an optical property of the fiber when the fiber is not embedded in the pipe.
  • the present invention can be used for quality control in the laboratory, for process analysis and process monitoring for:
  • FIG. 1 a device according to the invention for analyzing gas is shown schematically.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a cross section of a hollow fiber embedded in a pipe according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • a test system according to the invention with a device according to the invention for testing a high-voltage system is shown schematically.
  • FIG. 1 A device 10 according to the invention is shown schematically in FIG. 1, which comprises a detector 1, a light generator 17 and a fiber device or fiber means 2, 3.
  • the detector 1 comprises a Raman spectrometer which records measurement signals via a CCD detector 16.
  • the light generator 17 comprises a monochromatic laser 4 for generating a laser light or laser beam 7, with which gas molecules are excited.
  • the light generator 17 comprises optical components 5, 6, 9, 12, 13 for directing the laser beam 7 into a hollow fiber 2 and for directing the scattered light 8 to the detector 1.
  • a filter 5 prevents the laser beam 7 from being guided to the detector 1.
  • the fiber means which can also be viewed as a sensor or (gas) measuring cell, comprise the hollow fiber 2, which is embedded in a tube 3.
  • the gas to be analyzed is introduced into the hollow fiber 2 via a gas inlet 15 and discharged again via a gas outlet 14.
  • the fiber means 2, 3 can be designed in the form of a gas measuring cell 21 or be integrated into such a gas measuring cell 21.
  • the main element of the device 10 according to the invention is this hollow fiber 2, which is also referred to as a hollow core fiber or HC fiber.
  • the hollow fiber comprises a bundle of glass tubes.
  • the gas to be analyzed is pressed into cavities in the hollow fiber 2 which exist between the glass tubes.
  • the laser beam 7 is coupled into the hollow fiber 2 via a lens 9 and a window 19 and at the same time the scattered light 8 (especially scattered photons) is coupled into an output fiber 11 and a Raman spectrometer 1, in which measurement signals are transmitted via a CCD detector 16 are recorded, supplied.
  • the lens 9 can also be integrated in the fiber means 2, 3 or in the gas measuring cell 21 instead of the window 19, so that the lens 9 also takes over the function of the window.
  • the light generator 17 is an optical guidance system in which the paths of the laser beam 7 to the fiber 2 are directed with a dichroic splitter 6 and the scattered light 8 through the dichroic splitter 6 via a filter 5 into the path to the output fiber 1 1 is added.
  • the filter 5 significantly suppresses the remaining wavelengths of the laser beam 7, so that, if possible, only those photons which are generated in the hollow fiber 2 by Raman scattering reach the output fiber 11.
  • a further filter can be used in the scattered light path to reduce the intensity of scattered light in order to protect the individual light-sensitive elements (pixels) of a CCD sensor from excessive amounts of charge (blooming effect).
  • the filter 5 for filtering the laser light 7 can be arranged anywhere in the path of the laser light 7 from the dichroic splitter 6 to the CCD sensor 16, the location shown in FIG. 1 being preferred.
  • the filter (not shown) for filtering the scattered light can be arranged anywhere in the path of the scattered light from the gas outlet 14 to the CCD sensor 16. Even arranging this filter directly on the CCD sensor 16 is advantageous.
  • the laser 4 can be a fiber-coupled laser or a free space laser.
  • the laser beam 7 is collimated with a lens 13 and coupled into the hollow fiber (measuring fiber) 2 via the dichroic splitter 6 and a focusing lens 9.
  • the light exits a free-space laser already collimated, so that no additional lens 13 is necessary and the laser beam 7 can be coupled directly into the hollow fiber 2 via the splitter 6 and the focusing lens 9.
  • a compact embodiment is also possible in which the spectrometer 1 is integrated into the light generator 17, the output fiber 11 and lens 12 being omitted.
  • the hollow fiber 2 and the tube 3 in which the hollow fiber 2 is embedded shown in cross section.
  • the tube 3 is simultaneously filled with gas (e.g. with the gas to be analyzed).
  • the internal gas pressure PR in the pipe 3 corresponds to the internal gas pressure PF in the hollow fiber 2
  • the maximum internal gas pressure in the hollow fiber 2 is determined by the pipe 3 and the filling system used.
  • FIG. 3 an inventive test system 30 and a high voltage system 40 are shown schematically.
  • the test system 30 is designed to check insulation 19 of the high-voltage system 40.
  • the test system 30 comprises a device 10 according to the invention for analyzing gas, as previously described ben and shown schematically in FIG. 1.
  • the test system 30 comprises an evaluation unit 20 in order to produce a result of the test as a function of the analysis of the gas carried out by the device 10. Analyzed in the process the device 10 is a gas coming from the insulation 19, the analysis of this gas being used to determine the quality of the insulation 19 and thus a measure of the readiness for use of the high-voltage system 40 itself.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)

Abstract

Pour analyser un gaz, une lumière laser (7) est générée et le gaz est introduit dans une fibre (2). La lumière laser (7) est injectée dans la fibre (2) pour exciter le gaz au moyen de la lumière laser (7), de sorte que la lumière diffusée par effet Raman (8) soit émise par le gaz. La lumière diffusée par effet Raman (8) est guidée de la fibre (2) vers des moyens d'évaluation (1, 16) et une évaluation est effectuée sur au moins un des éléments parmi lesquels figurent ses composantes de fréquence, l'intensité des composantes de fréquence et la polarité des composantes de fréquence, pour analyser le gaz, en fonction d'au moins un des éléments parmi lesquels figurent ses composantes de fréquence, l'intensité des composantes de fréquence et la polarité des composantes de fréquence. La fibre (2) est intégrée dans un tube (3) présentant une pression de gaz interne (pR) correspondant à une pression de gaz interne (pF) de la fibre (2). La pression de gaz interne (pF) de la fibre (2) est supérieure à une pression de gaz interne maximale de la fibre (2), définie par une solidité ou une propriété optique de la fibre (2), lorsque la fibre (2) n'est pas intégrée dans le tube (3).
PCT/EP2020/052543 2019-02-21 2020-02-03 Analyse de gaz par spectroscopie raman WO2020169324A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50139/2019A AT522216A1 (de) 2019-02-21 2019-02-21 Analysieren von Gas mittels Raman-Spektroskopie
ATA50139/2019 2019-02-21

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CN114136890B (zh) * 2021-12-10 2024-03-29 重庆大学 一种适用于空芯毛细管液体光谱传感的适配装置

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