WO2020168593A1 - 一种葡萄藤清土装置及安装该清土装置的工程机械 - Google Patents

一种葡萄藤清土装置及安装该清土装置的工程机械 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020168593A1
WO2020168593A1 PCT/CN2019/077065 CN2019077065W WO2020168593A1 WO 2020168593 A1 WO2020168593 A1 WO 2020168593A1 CN 2019077065 W CN2019077065 W CN 2019077065W WO 2020168593 A1 WO2020168593 A1 WO 2020168593A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
soil
tuyere
fan
cleaning device
grapevine
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2019/077065
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨启志
杜光雨
施爱平
张婧
黄冠龙
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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Priority to US17/042,688 priority Critical patent/US12089514B2/en
Publication of WO2020168593A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020168593A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B39/00—Machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
    • A01B39/12—Machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing for special purposes, e.g. for special culture
    • A01B39/18—Machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing for special purposes, e.g. for special culture for weeding
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B39/00—Machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
    • A01B39/12—Machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing for special purposes, e.g. for special culture
    • A01B39/16—Machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing for special purposes, e.g. for special culture for working in vineyards, orchards, or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B39/00—Machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
    • A01B39/20—Tools; Details
    • A01B39/22—Tools; Mounting tools
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B39/00—Machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
    • A01B39/28—Machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing with special additional arrangements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/88—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements acting by a sucking or forcing effect, e.g. suction dredgers
    • E02F3/90—Component parts, e.g. arrangement or adaptation of pumps
    • E02F3/92—Digging elements, e.g. suction heads
    • E02F3/9206—Digging devices using blowing effect only, like jets or propellers

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery research, and specifically relates to a grape vine soil cleaning device and an engineering machine installed with the soil cleaning device.
  • Ningxia my country, when winter is approaching, in order to prevent the vines from drying out and frostbite, the most common method for overwintering grapes is to bury the vines in winter, which is to bury the vines with soil before the arrival of winter. Grape vines will sprout when they reach a certain temperature and humidity in spring. If the vine-building work is not completed before the grapes germinate, the vines will germinate in the soil, and the vines will inevitably damage the buds and affect the yield. Therefore, the vine vine is a very time-sensitive task. Grape vines in Ningxia have a large planting area. In the past, manpower was mainly used to complete grape vines, which not only consumed a lot of manpower, but was also inefficient.
  • patent CN201610514105 discloses an automatic soil removal machine for vine raising, which uses soil removal plow and scraper to remove soil from the side.
  • the patent CN201720589411 discloses an automatic avoidance omnidirectional soil remover for grape vines. The soil remover uses a scraper between the piles and a side scraper to scrape the soil between the piles and the sides of the vine,
  • the soil removal machine disclosed in the above-mentioned patent cannot clean the soil in the central area of the vine.
  • the present invention provides a grape vine soil cleaning device, which uses the wind of a fan to perform non-contact soil cleaning to achieve soil cleaning in the central area of the vine.
  • the wind blowing direction of the vine soil removal device after the field change should always be the same, that is, the blowing air outlet should be turned 180°.
  • the vine cleaning device adopts a structure with dual air ports on both sides, and a built-in air port reversing device can realize rapid adjustment of the direction of the air port. There is no need to design the steering adjustment mechanism of the entire fan, so you can choose a larger volume and mass.
  • the high-power fan improves the efficiency of soil cleaning.
  • the secondary air duct is designed with double air outlets on one side to avoid the pits caused by the concentrated wind of the single air outlet, and the soil cleaning effect is good.
  • the whole machine of the present invention has a small volume and mass, and can use a large-power fan with a large volume and mass.
  • the angle sensor and the controller can be used to realize the automation of the tuyere reversing, the wind power adjustment of the fan and the reversing of the retaining device when changing the ridge.
  • the tuyere reversing mechanism does not require manual operation and has a high degree of intelligence.
  • the use of wind to clean the soil not only realizes the non-contact cleaning of the central area of the vine side, without damaging the vines and buds, but also has high efficiency.
  • the invention also provides an engineering machine equipped with the grapevine soil cleaning device.
  • the technical scheme of the present invention is: a grape vine soil cleaning device, including
  • the tuyere reversing device is connected with the outlet of the fan, and the two sides are respectively provided with main air ducts,
  • the reversing device is used to switch the main air duct connected with the air outlet of the fan.
  • the tuyere reversing device includes
  • a tuyere commutator where the tuyere commutator is connected to the outlet of the fan, and main air ducts are respectively provided on both sides;
  • baffle the baffle is located in the tuyere commutator
  • the output shaft of the first driving mechanism is connected to the baffle, and the first driving mechanism drives the baffle
  • a soil retaining device is further included; the soil retaining device is located directly in front of the outlet of the main air duct.
  • the earth retaining device includes a retaining plate support, a retaining plate and a second driving mechanism
  • One end of the retaining plate support is connected with the retaining plate, and the other end is connected with the output shaft of the second driving mechanism, and the second driving mechanism drives the retaining plate to change the position direction.
  • An angle sensor which is used to collect steering signals
  • a controller which is respectively connected with the fan, the angle sensor, the first driving mechanism and the second driving mechanism.
  • auxiliary air ducts are also provided on both sides of the tuyere reversing device;
  • the air outlet of the auxiliary air duct is located below the air outlet of the main air duct.
  • the above scheme also includes a rack
  • the fan, the tuyere reversing device and the earth retaining device are respectively installed on the frame.
  • both sides of the frame are respectively provided with ground profile wheels.
  • the connecting rod of the ground profile wheel is connected to the frame through a height adjustment mechanism.
  • An engineering machine includes the grape vine soil cleaning device.
  • the invention realizes non-contact cleaning of soil through wind blowing, does not contact with soil or vines, does not damage buds or branches, and is cleaned at one time.
  • the present invention adopts a structure with double air openings on both sides and a built-in air opening reversing device to realize rapid adjustment of the direction of the air opening. There is no need to design the entire fan steering adjustment mechanism, so it can be selected.
  • the large-scale and high-quality high-power fan improves the efficiency of soil cleaning.
  • the soil retaining device of the present invention can block the soil that is blown up, and reduce the throwing distance of the soil blown up by the fan.
  • a double air outlet on one side of the auxiliary air pipe is designed under the main air pipe to assist the cleaning operation and avoid the wind of the main air pipe from being concentrated on the soil ridge to produce pits, which affects the cleaning effect.
  • the present invention uses the angle sensor and the controller to realize the automation of the tuyere reversing, the wind power adjustment of the fan and the reversing of the soil retaining device during ridge changing, which simplifies the mechanism, does not require manual operation, and is highly intelligent.
  • the height of the ground profile wheel of the present invention can be adjusted to adapt to soil ridges of different heights.
  • the structure of the invention is simple, and the whole machine has a small mass. It can not only be installed on a tractor through a hydraulic lifter for stand-alone use, but also can be integrated on a mechanical soil cleaner to realize soil removal in the central area of the vine.
  • the invention can be equipped with fans of different powers and power sources according to requirements.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a tuyere reversing device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the rear structure of the rack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the present invention, “plurality” means two or more than two, unless specifically defined otherwise.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. , Or integrally connected; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components.
  • installed can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection.
  • it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection
  • it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components.
  • the specific meaning of the above-mentioned terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the grapevine soil cleaning device of the present invention, the soil cleaning device includes a fan 4
  • the tuyere reversing device is connected to the outlet of the fan 4, and the two sides are respectively provided with main air ducts.
  • the tuyere reversing device includes a tuyere commutator 3, a baffle 9 and a first driving mechanism.
  • the air inlet of the tuyere commutator 3 is connected to the outlet of the fan 4 through a fan duct 8 and both sides
  • the upper air outlet is provided with a first main air duct 10 and a second main air duct 14 respectively.
  • the baffle 9 is located in the tuyere commutator 3; the output shaft of the first driving mechanism is connected to the baffle 9, and the first driving mechanism drives the baffle 9 to rotate for changing the main air duct connected with the fan 4.
  • the first driving mechanism is the first steering gear 13, and the rotating shaft of the baffle 9 is connected to the first steering gear 13 through the hole of the tuyere commutator 3.
  • the grape vine soil removal device further includes a soil retaining device; the soil retaining device is located at the outlet of the main air duct.
  • the retaining device includes a retaining plate bracket 2, a retaining plate 1, and a second driving mechanism; one end of the retaining plate bracket 2 is connected to the retaining plate 1, and the other end is connected to the output of the second driving mechanism.
  • the shaft is connected, and the second driving mechanism drives the retaining plate 1 to change the position and direction.
  • the second driving mechanism is a second steering gear 18.
  • the grapevine soil cleaning device further includes an angle sensor 7 and a controller 19, the angle sensor 7 is used to collect steering signals; the controller 19 is respectively connected with the fan 4, the angle sensor 7, the first driving mechanism and The second driving mechanism is connected.
  • the tuyere reversing device can obtain the steering signal of the soil removal device through the angle sensor 7, and the controller 19 controls the forward or reverse rotation of the first steering gear 13 to drive the baffle 9 to block the air outlet on one side of the tuyere diverter, The tuyere will automatically change direction when changing ridges.
  • the steering signal can be obtained through the angle sensor 7, and the controller 19 controls the wind of the fan 4 to decrease.
  • the wind of the fan 4 is controlled to increase, effectively avoiding Disperse the surrounding soil when changing ridges.
  • the soil retaining device can reduce the throwing distance of the soil blown by the fan.
  • the soil retaining device can obtain the turning signal of the vine cleaning device through the angle sensor 7, and the controller 19 controls the forward or reverse rotation of the second steering gear. Drive the retaining plate support to rotate, so as to realize the automatic reversing of the retaining plate when changing the ridge, so that it is consistent with the cleaning operation direction.
  • the lower air outlets on both sides of the tuyere commutator 3 are respectively provided with auxiliary air ducts, which are the first auxiliary air duct 12 and the second auxiliary air duct 17 respectively; the air outlet of the auxiliary air duct is located in the main air duct Below the air outlet.
  • the axes of the first auxiliary air duct 12 and the second auxiliary air duct 17 point horizontally to the left and right sides of the frame 5, and are respectively connected to the lower air outlets on both sides of the tuyere commutator 3 through the first hose 11 and the second hose 15 .
  • the main air pipe is used for soil cleaning operations
  • the auxiliary air pipe is used for auxiliary soil cleaning operations from the horizontal direction to avoid pits caused by the concentration of wind transported by the main air pipe.
  • the grapevine soil removal device further includes a frame 5; the fan 4, a tuyere reversing device and a soil retaining device
  • the rear of the rack 5 is an upper and a lower platform, and the fan 4 is fixedly installed above the upper platform of the rack 5.
  • the rack 5 has a larger upper platform and can be installed with a larger volume and mass.
  • the high-power fan, and the fan 4 is fixed, can effectively reduce the vibration.
  • the controller 19 is fixedly installed above the lower platform of the rack 5.
  • the rear part of the tuyere commutator 3 is fixed on the frame 5; the first steering gear 13 is fixedly installed under the lower platform of the frame 5, and the first auxiliary air duct 12 and the second auxiliary air duct 17 respectively pass through the auxiliary air ducts
  • the bracket 16 is fixed on the bottom plate of the rack 5.
  • the retaining plate bracket 2 is installed behind the frame 5, and the second steering gear 18 is fixedly installed under the upper platform of the frame 5.
  • ground profiling wheels 6 are provided on both sides of the frame 5 respectively.
  • the connecting rod of the ground profile wheel 6 is connected to the frame 5 through a height adjustment mechanism.
  • the height adjustment mechanism includes a plurality of through holes arranged in the longitudinal direction on the connecting rod of the ground profile wheel 6, and several steel sections welded on both sides of the frame 5, and bolts are used to pass through the several section steels, connecting rods and the frame.
  • the side surfaces correspond to the positioning installation holes, and the ground profile wheels 6 are fixed on both sides of the frame.
  • the front end of the frame 5 of the vine cleaning device is welded with a suspension arm.
  • the suspension arm can be used to install the whole machine on the hydraulic lifter at the rear of the tractor. It can be lifted during transfer and put down during work; the fan 4 can be an electric fan Or gasoline blower.
  • the small generator can be installed on the platform on the frame 5 or on the tractor as appropriate; In the case of a gasoline fan, the tractor battery supplies power to the steering gear and controller of the grapevine soil removal device.
  • a pair of ground profiling wheels 6 are fixedly installed on both sides of the frame 5 with bolts, and an angle sensor 7 is fixedly installed under the longitudinal axis of one of the ground profiling wheels 6 with screws, and the angle sensor 7 is connected with the controller 19.
  • the flange end of the fan duct 8 is sleeved on the air outlet of the fan 4 and fixed on the fan 4 with bolts; the other end of the fan duct 8 is sleeved on the air inlet above the tuyere commutator 3.
  • the two ends of the air outlet of the fan 4 and the air inlet of the tuyere commutator 3 are respectively provided with sealing rings.
  • the tuyere diverter 3, the baffle 9 and the first steering gear 13 constitute a tuyere reversing device, wherein the first steering gear 13 is fixedly installed under the lower platform of the frame 5, and the first steering gear 13 is connected to the controller 19;
  • the rotating shaft of the baffle 9 passes through the hole of the tuyere commutator 3 and is connected to the first steering gear 13, wherein the side where the baffle 9 contacts the inner wall of the tuyere commutator 3 is provided with a gasket.
  • the front cover of the tuyere commutator 3 is installed and fixed on the main body, and the rear of the tuyere commutator 3 is fixed to the front of the platform of the frame 5;
  • the first main air duct 10 and the second main duct 14 are used for soil cleaning operations, Installed at the upper air outlets on both sides of the tuyere commutator 3.
  • the axes of the first main air duct 10 and the second main air duct 14 are at an angle of 40° with the ground, and the soil cleaning effect is good;
  • the air duct 12 and the second auxiliary air duct 17 are used to assist the cleaning operation to prevent the wind of the main air duct from being concentrated on the soil ridge to produce pits and affect the cleaning effect.
  • the first auxiliary air duct 12 and the second auxiliary air duct The axis of the air duct 17 points horizontally to the left and right sides of the frame 5, and is connected to the lower air outlets on both sides of the tuyere commutator 3 through hoses.
  • the clamps of the auxiliary air duct bracket 16 are respectively sleeved on the first auxiliary air duct 12,
  • the upper part of the second auxiliary air duct 17 is fixed to the bottom plate of the frame 5 by bolts. All parts are installed in close coordination, and the joints of inactive parts can be sealed with sealant.
  • the retaining device is composed of the retaining plate bracket 2, the retaining plate 1, and the second steering gear 18.
  • the second steering gear 18 is fixedly installed under the upper platform of the frame 5.
  • the bolts are installed on the beam at the far end of the retaining plate bracket 2 to ensure the retaining effect and reduce the weight.
  • the retaining device can block the blown soil and reduce the distance of the soil blown by the fan.
  • the grape vine soil clearing device uses wind blowing to clear the soil and raise the vines, and uses the angle sensor 7 to collect the steering signal, and the controller 19 controls the tuyere reversing device, the fan and the soil retaining device to realize the tuyere when changing the ridge
  • the automation of reversing, wind adjustment of the wind turbine and reversing of the retaining device ensures that all soil ridges are cleaned in the same direction, and that the direction of the retaining plate is the same as that of the cleanup operation.
  • the soil cleaning method of the grapevine soil cleaning device specifically includes the following steps:
  • the direction of the working tuyere is the same as the direction of the retaining plate 1.
  • the controller 19 controls the first steering gear 13 and the second steering gear 18 to rotate.
  • the rotation of the first steering gear 13 drives the baffle 9 to block the air outlet on the side of the tuyere commutator 3 and stops at this position to realize the tuyere reversal;
  • the rotation of the second steering gear 18 drives the rotation of the retaining plate bracket 2 to thereby make the soil retaining
  • the direction of the board 1 is the same as that of the cleaning operation, and it stops at this position.
  • the controller 19 controls the fan 4 to reduce the wind force to avoid blowing the surrounding soil away during the turning process.
  • the controller 19 controls the fan 4 to increase the wind force and continue the soil cleaning operation.
  • the controller 19 controls the first steering gear 13 and the second steering gear 18 to rotate in opposite directions, so that all soil ridges are cleared in the same direction, and the direction of the retaining plate and the direction of the clearing operation are realized. the same.
  • An engineering machine includes the grape vine soil cleaning device described in Example 1, so it has the beneficial effects of Example 1 and will not be repeated here.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)

Abstract

一种葡萄藤清土装置及安装该清土装置的工程机械，包括风机（4）、风口换向装置、挡土装置、角度传感器（7）和控制器（19），控制器（19）分别与风机（4）、角度传感器（7）、风口换向装置和挡土装置连接；该装置通过风力吹送实现非接触式清土，不伤芽不伤枝，一次清除干净，清土效率高，风口换向装置可实现换行后的风力吹送方向的一致，挡土装置可以阻挡被吹起的土壤，减小被风机吹起土壤的抛撒距离，主风管的下方设计副风管，辅助清土作业，避免主风管风力集中于土垄产生凹坑，利用角度传感器（7）和控制器（19）实现换垄时风口换向、风机风力调整和挡土装置换向的自动化，智能化程度较高。

Description

一种葡萄藤清土装置及安装该清土装置的工程机械 技术领域
本发明属于农机研究领域，具体涉及一种葡萄藤清土装置及安装该清土装置的工程机械。
背景技术
在我国宁夏地区，冬季来临之际，为了防止葡萄藤风干和冻伤，目前采取的比较普遍的葡萄越冬方法主要是冬季埋藤，就是在冬季到来之前将葡萄藤用土掩埋起来。葡萄藤在春季达到一定温、湿度时就会发芽，若起藤工作未在葡萄发芽前完成，则葡萄藤会在土壤中发芽，再起藤就不可避免地会伤芽，影响产量。因此葡萄的起藤是一项时间性非常强的工作。宁夏地区葡萄园的种植面积较大，过去主要靠人力完成葡萄起藤作业，不仅消耗大量人力，而且效率低。宁夏地区现有的起藤机械只能从覆土的两侧或上方除土，如专利CN201610514105公开了一种葡萄藤起藤自动除土机，该除土机利用除土犁和刮土板从侧方除土；如专利CN201720589411公开了一种葡萄藤自动避让全向除土机，该除土机利用桩间刮板和侧边刮板，可刮除葡萄藤的桩间和侧边的覆土，但上述专利所公开的除土机械无法实现藤边中心区域清土。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明提供一种葡萄藤清土装置，利用风机的风力进行非接触式清土，实现藤边中心区域的清土。为了实现连续作业，需要保证该葡萄藤清土装置依次对每一行进行清土，因此该葡萄藤清土装置在地头换行后的风力吹送方向应始终一致，即吹送风口转向180°。为此，该葡萄藤清土装置采用两侧均为双风口的结构，内置风口换向装置，实现风口转向的快速调整，无需设计整个风机的转向调整机构，因此可选择体积、质量较大的大功率风机，提高清土效率。在主风管的下方设计副风管的一侧双风口吹送，可避免单风口风力集中产生凹坑，清土效果好。本发明整机体积、质量较小，可使用体积、质量较大的大功率风机，可以利用角度传感器和控制器实现换垄时风口换向、风机风力调整和挡土装置换向的自动化，简化了风口换向机构，无需人工操作，智能化程度较高，且利用风力清土不仅实现了对藤边中心区域的非接触式清土，不伤藤、不伤芽，而且效率高。
本发明还提供一种安装该葡萄藤清土装置的工程机械。
本发明的技术方案是：一种葡萄藤清土装置，包括
风机；
和风口换向装置，所述风口换向装置与风机的出口连接，且两侧分别设有主风管，
风口
换向装置用于转换与风机出风口连通的主风管。
上述方案中，所述风口换向装置包括
风口换向器，所述风口换向器与风机的出口连接，且两侧分别设有主风管；
挡板，所述挡板位于风口换向器内；
和第一驱动机构，所述第一驱动机构的输出轴与挡板连接，第一驱动机构带动挡板
转动
用于变换与风机连通的主风管。
上述方案中，还包括挡土装置；所述挡土装置位于主风管出口的正前方。
进一步的，所述挡土装置包括挡土板支架、挡土板和第二驱动机构；
所述挡土板支架的一端与挡土板连接，另一端与第二驱动机构的输出轴连接，第二驱动机构带动挡土板变换位置方向。
上述方案中，还包括
角度传感器，所述角度传感器用于采集转向信号；
和控制器，所述控制器分别与风机、角度传感器、第一驱动机构和第二驱动机构连接。
上述方案中，所述风口换向装置两侧还设有副风管；
所述副风管的出风口位于主风管出风口的下方。
上述方案中，还包括机架；
所述风机、风口换向装置和挡土装置分别安装在机架上。
进一步的，所述机架的两侧分别设有地面仿形轮。
上述方案中，所述地面仿形轮的连接杆通过高度调节机构与机架连接。
一种工程机械，包括所述葡萄藤清土装置。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1.本发明通过风力吹送实现非接触式清土，不与土壤、藤蔓接触，不伤芽不伤枝，一次清除干净。
2.本发明为了实现换行后的风力吹送方向的一致，采用两侧均为双风口的结构，内 置风口换向装置，实现风口转向的快速调整，无需设计整个风机的转向调整机构，因此可选择体积、质量较大的大功率风机，提高清土效率。
3.本发明所述挡土装置可以阻挡被吹起的土壤，减小被风机吹起土壤的抛撒距离。
4.本发明在主风管的下方设计副风管的一侧双风口吹送，辅助清土作业，避免主风管风力集中于土垄产生凹坑，影响清土效果。
5.本发明利用角度传感器和控制器实现换垄时风口换向、风机风力调整和挡土装置换向的自动化，简化了机构，无需人工操作，智能化程度较高。
6.本发明所述地面仿形轮的高度可以调节，适应不同高度的土垄。
7.本发明结构简单，整机质量较小，不仅可以通过液压升降器安装在拖拉机上单独使用，也可以整合在机械式清土机上，实现藤边中心区域的清土。
8.本发明可以根据需求配装不同功率和动力源的风机。
附图说明
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1为本发明一种实施方式的结构示意图；
图2为本发明一种实施方式的风口换向装置结构示意图；
图3为本发明一种实施方式的机架后部结构示意图。
图中：1-挡土板、2-挡土板支架、3-风口换向器、4-风机、5-机架、6-地面仿形轮、7-角度传感器、8-风机风管、9-挡板、10-第一主风管、11-第一软管、12-第一副风管、13-第一舵机、14-第二主风管、15-第二软管、16-副风管支架、17-第二副风管、18-第二舵机、19-控制器。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“轴向”、“径向”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解 为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
实施例1
图1所示为本发明所述葡萄藤清土装置的一种实施方式，所述清土装置包括风机4
和风口换向装置；所述风口换向装置与风机4的出口连接，且两侧分别设有主风管。
优选的，所述风口换向装置包括风口换向器3、挡板9和第一驱动机构，所述风口换向器3的进风口通过风机风管8与风机4的出口连接，且两侧上出风口分别设有第一主风管10和第二主风管14。所述挡板9位于风口换向器3内；所述第一驱动机构的输出轴与挡板9连接，第一驱动机构带动挡板9转动用于变换与风机4连通的主风管。具体的，所述第一驱动机构为第一舵机13，挡板9的转轴穿过风口换向器3的孔联接于第一舵机13上。
优选的，所述葡萄藤清土装置还包括挡土装置；所述挡土装置位于主风管出口的正
前方。
具体的，所述挡土装置包括挡土板支架2、挡土板1和第二驱动机构；所述挡土板支架2的一端与挡土板1连接，另一端与第二驱动机构的输出轴连接，第二驱动机构带动挡土板1变换位置方向。优选的，第二驱动机构为第二舵机18。
优选的，所述葡萄藤清土装置还包括角度传感器7和控制器19，所述角度传感器7用于采集转向信号；所述控制器19分别与风机4、角度传感器7、第一驱动机构和第二驱动机构连接。所述风口换向装置，可通过角度传感器7得到该清土装置转向信号，由控制器19控制第一舵机13正转或反转，带动挡板9挡住风口换向器一侧出风口，实现换垄时风口自动换向。当该葡萄藤请土装置开始换垄转向时，可通过角度传感器7得到转向信号，由控制器19控制风机4风力减小，待换垄即将完成时，再控制风机4风力增大，有效避免换垄时吹散周围土壤。所述挡土装置可以减小被风机吹起土壤的抛撒距离，该挡土装置可通过角度传感器7得到葡萄藤清土装置转向信号，由控制器19控制第 二舵机正转或反转，带动挡土板支架转动，进而实现换垄时挡土板自动换向，使其与清土作业方向保持一致。
优选的，所述风口换向器3两侧下出风口分别设有副风管，分别为第一副风管12和第二副风管17；所述副风管的出风口位于主风管出风口的下方。第一副风管12、第二副风管17轴线水平指向机架5的左右两侧，分别通过第一软管11、第二软管15与风口换向器3两侧的下方出风口连接。利用主风管进行清土作业，副风管从水平方向进行辅助清土作业，避免主风管输送的风力集中而产生凹坑。
优选的，所述葡萄藤清土装置还包括机架5；所述风机4、风口换向装置和挡土装置
分别
安装在机架5上。具体的，所述机架5后部为上、下两层平台，风机4固定安装于机架5上平台上方，所述机架5拥有较大的上平台，可以安装体积、质量较大的大功率风机，且风机4固定，可以有效减小振动。所述控制器19固定安装于机架5下平台上方。所述风口换向器3的后部固定于机架5上；第一舵机13固定安装于机架5下平台下方，第一副风管12和第二副风管17分别通过副风管支架16固定于机架5的底板上。挡土板支架2安装于机架5后方，第二舵机18固定安装于机架5上平台下方。
优选的，所述机架5的两侧分别设有地面仿形轮6。所述地面仿形轮6的连接杆通过高度调节机构与机架5连接。具体的，所述高度调节机构包括地面仿形轮6连接杆上沿纵向设有的若干通孔，机架5两侧分别焊接的几型钢，用螺栓分别穿过几型钢、连接杆和机架侧面对应定位安装孔，将地面仿形轮6固定在机架两侧。
本发明的工作原理：
该葡萄藤清土装置的机架5前端焊接有悬挂臂，可利用悬挂臂将整机安装在拖拉机后部液压升降器上，转运时抬起，工作时放下；所述风机4可采用电动风机或汽油风机。需说明的是，采用电动风机时，需另外配置一台小型发电机为该风力吹送式葡萄清土起藤机供电，小型发电机可视情况安装于机架5上平台上方或拖拉机上；采用汽油风机时，由拖拉机蓄电池为该葡萄藤清土装置的舵机和控制器供电。机架5两侧用螺栓固定安装一对地面仿形轮6，在其中一侧地面仿形轮6纵轴下方用螺钉固定安装一个角度传感器7，角度传感器7与控制器19连接。
所风机风管8的法兰端套在风机4出风口上，并用螺栓固定在风机4上；风机风管8另一端套在风口换向器3上方的进风口上，述风机风管8与风机4出风口、风口换向器3进风口连接的两端内部分别设有密封圈。风口换向器3、挡板9和第一舵机13构成 风口换向装置，其中，第一舵机13固定安装于机架5下平台的下方，第一舵机13与控制器19连接；挡板9的转轴穿过风口换向器3的孔联接于第一舵机13，其中挡板9与风口换向器3内壁接触的边均有密封垫。风口换向器3前盖安装固定于主体上，风口换向器3的后部固定于机架5平台前方；所述第一主风管10、第二主风管14用于清土作业，安装于风口换向器3两侧的上方出风口，优选的，第一主风管10、第二主风管14的轴线与地面呈40°夹角，清土效果好；所述第一副风管12、第二副风管17用于辅助清土作业，避免主风管风力集中于土垄产生凹坑，影响清土效果，优选的，所述第一副风管12、第二副风管17轴线水平指向机架5的左右两侧，分别通过软管与风口换向器3两侧的下方出风口联接，副风管支架16的卡箍分别套在第一副风管12、第二副风管17上，上方利用螺栓固定于机架5的底板。各零部件均紧密配合安装，非活动件的联接处可用密封胶密封。
所述挡土板支架2、挡土板1、第二舵机18构成的挡土装置，所述第二舵机18固定安装于机架5上平台下方，第二舵机18与控制器19连接；挡土板支架2近端底部的轴穿过机架5后方的定位孔，与第二舵机18联接；挡土板支架2跨过葡萄架上方，挡土板1采用塑料材质，利用螺栓安装于挡土板支架2远端的横梁上，即保证挡土效果，又减轻重量。挡土装置可以阻挡被吹起的土壤，减小被风机吹起土壤的抛撒距离。
该葡萄藤清土装置利用风力吹送的方式对葡萄清土起藤，且通过利用角度传感器7采集转向信号，并通过控制器19控制风口换向装置、风机和挡土装置，实现换垄时风口换向、风机风力调整和挡土装置换向的自动化，保证对于所有土垄都向同一方向清土，保证挡土板所处方向与清土作业方向相同。
所述葡萄藤清土装置进行清土的方法具体包括以下步骤：
初始时，作业风口的方向与挡土板1方向相同，当角度传感器7采集到转向角度大于一定值θ时，控制器19控制第一舵机13、第二舵机18转动。第一舵机13转动带动挡板9挡住风口换向器3一侧的出风口并停止于该位置，实现风口换向；第二舵机18转动带动挡土板支架2转动，进而使挡土板1所处方向与清土作业方向相同，并停止于该位置。同时，控制器19控制风机4减小风力，避免转向过程中将周围土壤吹散。随着换垄即将完成，角度传感器7采集到转向角度小于一定值θ时，控制器19控制风机4增大风力，继续清土作业。下一次换垄时，控制器19控制第一舵机13、第二舵机18向相反方向转动，实现对于所有土垄都向同一方向清土，实现挡土板所处方向与清土作业方向相同。
实施例2
一种工程机械，包括实施例1所述葡萄藤清土装置，因此具有实施例1的有益效果此处不在赘述。
应当理解，虽然本说明书是按照各个实施例描述的，但并非每个实施例仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
上文所列出的一系列的详细说明仅仅是针对本发明的可行性实施例的具体说明，它们并非用以限制本发明的保护范围，凡未脱离本发明技艺精神所作的等效实施例或变更均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种葡萄藤清土装置，其特征在于，包括
    风机(4)；
    和风口换向装置，所述风口换向装置与风机(4)的出口连接，且两侧分别设有主风管，风口换向装置用于转换与风机(4)出口连通的主风管。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的葡萄藤清土装置，其特征在于，所述风口换向装置包括风口换向器(3)，所述风口换向器(3)与风机(4)的出风口连接，且两侧分别设有主风管；
    挡板(9)，所述挡板(9)位于风口换向器(3)内；
    和第一驱动机构，所述第一驱动机构的输出轴与挡板(9)连接，第一驱动机构带动挡板(9)转动用于变换与风机(4)连通的主风管。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的葡萄藤清土装置，其特征在于，还包括挡土装置；所述挡土装置位于主风管出口的正前方。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的葡萄藤清土装置，其特征在于，所述挡土装置包括挡土板支架(2)、挡土板(1)和第二驱动机构；
    所述挡土板支架(2)的一端与挡土板(1)连接，另一端与第二驱动机构的输出轴连接，第二驱动机构带动挡土板(1)变换位置方向。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的葡萄藤清土装置，其特征在于，还包括
    角度传感器(7)，所述角度传感器(7)用于采集转向信号；
    和控制器(19)，所述控制器(19)分别与风机(4)、角度传感器(7)、第一驱动机构和第二驱动机构连接。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的葡萄藤清土装置，其特征在于，所述风口换向装置两侧还设有副风管；
    所述副风管的出风口位于主风管出风口的下方。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的葡萄藤清土装置，其特征在于，还包括机架(5)；
    所述风机(4)、风口换向装置和挡土装置分别安装在机架(5)上。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的葡萄藤清土装置，其特征在于，所述机架(5)的两侧分别设有地面仿形轮(6)。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的葡萄藤清土装置，其特征在于，所述地面仿形轮(6)的连接杆通过高度调节机构与机架(5)连接。
  10. 一种工程机械，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-9任意一项所述葡萄藤清土装置。
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