WO2021103324A1 - 一种双向单垄葡萄藤清土装置及安装该装置的工程机械 - Google Patents

一种双向单垄葡萄藤清土装置及安装该装置的工程机械 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021103324A1
WO2021103324A1 PCT/CN2020/075914 CN2020075914W WO2021103324A1 WO 2021103324 A1 WO2021103324 A1 WO 2021103324A1 CN 2020075914 W CN2020075914 W CN 2020075914W WO 2021103324 A1 WO2021103324 A1 WO 2021103324A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
soil
scraper
soil cleaning
frame
way single
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2020/075914
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨启志
赫明胜
赵晓琪
施爱平
李雯
施雷
杜光雨
杜汶轩
Original Assignee
江苏大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201911200932.XA external-priority patent/CN110972575B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201911394914.XA external-priority patent/CN111034395B/zh
Priority claimed from CN202010084056.5A external-priority patent/CN111226515B/zh
Application filed by 江苏大学 filed Critical 江苏大学
Priority to US17/042,697 priority Critical patent/US11910735B2/en
Publication of WO2021103324A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021103324A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B39/00—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
    • A01B39/12—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing for special purposes, e.g. for special culture
    • A01B39/16—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing for special purposes, e.g. for special culture for working in vineyards, orchards, or the like ; Arrangements for preventing damage to vines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B39/00—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
    • A01B39/20—Tools; Details
    • A01B39/22—Tools; Mounting tools
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B39/00—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
    • A01B39/20—Tools; Details
    • A01B39/24—Undercarriages
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B51/00—Undercarriages specially adapted for mounting-on various kinds of agricultural tools or apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery research, and in particular relates to a two-way single-row grape vine soil cleaning device and engineering machinery installed with the device.
  • the existing soil cleaning machinery mainly cleans the soil from the side of the grape vines, which is inefficient, and most of the current soil cleaners are mostly ineffective. With power, it is suspended behind the traditional tractor. Due to some reasons on the current tractor structure, the transmission efficiency is low and the failure rate is high.
  • the patent CN206948826U uses the side scraper and the inter-pile scraper to remove the soil over the vines and on one side; for example, the patent CN207573854U removes the soil on one side of the grape vines through an impeller cleaning mechanism.
  • the process of practice there are many problems in the process of practice.
  • the present invention provides a two-way single-row grape vine soil removal device, which can simultaneously remove the overlying soil on both sides of the soil ridge, and can control the soil cleaning mechanism to automatically adjust the soil cleaning depth, and try to avoid damaging the grapes if the soil is too deep.
  • the root system of the vine is too shallow and leads to a low removal rate of the cover soil.
  • the present invention also provides an engineering machine equipped with the two-way single-row vine soil cleaning device.
  • the engineering machine is a riding-type soil cleaning machine, and the seat, steering mechanism and driving walking system are all installed in the soil cleaning device. Shelf.
  • the invention can effectively solve the problems of small ground clearance, low transmission efficiency and high failure rate of the soil cleaner combined with the existing traditional tractor, and at the same time, the two-way soil cleaning cannot be performed at one time.
  • the driver can drive the soil cleaner to remove the soil covering on the vines through the scraper on the soil cleaner to realize the two-way removal of the soil covering on both sides of the same soil ridge.
  • the real-time ranging function of the ranging sensor is used to make the scraper automatically adjust the soil clearing depth, and try to avoid too deep into the soil to damage the roots of the vine.
  • the invention realizes the obstacle avoidance function of the scraper through the reset mechanism.
  • the invention can longitudinally combine the left and right sides of the frame into one body by disassembling the connecting device when the soil cleaner is not working, which provides convenience for the operation of the driver.
  • the invention is a two-way single-ridge riding type grape vine soil cleaner with simple structure and high soil cleaning efficiency, which improves the soil cleaning efficiency of soil ridges, avoids damaging the grape vines, and removes the soil on the grape vines as much as possible.
  • a two-way single-row vine soil cleaning device which includes a frame part, a soil cleaning mechanism, a distance measuring sensor, a telescopic device and a control unit;
  • the rack part includes a rack and a connecting device; the rack includes a left rack and a right rack; the left rack and the right rack are horizontally connected by a connecting device;
  • the left side frame and the right side frame are respectively provided with soil cleaning mechanisms
  • the distance measuring sensor is arranged in front of the soil cleaning mechanism
  • the left side frame and the right side frame are respectively provided with telescopic devices, one end of the telescopic device is connected to the side frame where it is located, and the other end is connected to the soil cleaning mechanism;
  • the control unit is respectively connected with the ranging sensor and the telescopic device.
  • the soil cleaning mechanism includes a scraper and a reset mechanism
  • the upper part of the scraper is rotatably connected with the frame on the side where it is located;
  • the reset mechanism is installed on the upper part of the scraper. When the scraper rotates when encountering an external force, the reset mechanism resets the scraper.
  • the reset mechanism includes a torsion spring, a base plate and a cylindrical pin;
  • Both ends of the cylindrical pin are respectively rotatably connected with the through hole at one end of the base plate; the other end of the base plate is connected with the scraper;
  • a torsion spring is sleeved on the cylindrical pin.
  • the through hole at one end of the base plate is a longitudinally arranged through hole.
  • the soil cleaning mechanism further includes a chute plate
  • the top of the scraper is provided with a chute plate, the top of the scraper is slidably connected with the chute at the bottom of the chute plate, and the reset mechanism is connected with the chute plate.
  • the connecting device is a gantry structure.
  • the left side rack and the right side rack are detachably connected in the longitudinal direction.
  • An engineering machine includes the two-way single-row grape vine soil clearing device.
  • the seat, the steering mechanism and the driving walking system are all installed on the frame.
  • a wind power device is also included; the air outlet of the wind power device is located behind the soil cleaning mechanism.
  • the present invention designs a double frame mechanism. Through the connection of the connecting device, the soil covering on both sides of the ridge can be removed at the same time, which reduces the labor intensity of the operation and improves the operation efficiency. It can be assembled into a whole frame longitudinally with the right frame, and the front wheel of the right frame is a universal wheel. By controlling the steering wheel of the left sweeper to drive the right steering, it provides convenience for the driver's operation;
  • the scraper of the soil cleaning mechanism of the present invention is equipped with a reset mechanism, and the scraper can swing to avoid when it receives a large resistance, and when it receives a small resistance, the scraper resumes its original state and continues to work, which not only effectively removes the overburden, but also Ensure the safety of the scraper and the stability of the frame;
  • the distance measuring sensor can measure the distance between the scraper and the soil ridge in real time, and adjust the depth of the scraper through the telescopic device, so that the scraper can automatically adjust the depth of soil cleaning, and try to avoid damage to the roots of the vines when the soil is too deep. Increasing the removal rate of overburden soil also reduces the damage rate of the vines, and the degree of intelligence is higher;
  • the invention can be well combined with the wind-blown soil cleaning device, which not only creates favorable conditions for the wind-blown soil cleaning device, but also reduces the labor intensity of subsequent rattaning operations.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a two-way single-row grape vine soil cleaning device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a frame of a two-way single-row grape vine soil removal device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a soil cleaning mechanism of a two-way single-row grape vine soil cleaning device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a depth limiting mechanism of a two-way single-row grape vine soil removal device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a steering mechanism of a two-way single-row grape vine soil cleaning engineering machine according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a two-way single-row grape vine soil cleaning engineering machinery driving walking system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 7 is a working schematic diagram of a two-way single-row grape vine soil removal device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal connection of the left side frame and the right side frame of the two-way single-row grape vine sweeper device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the present invention, “plurality” means two or more than two, unless otherwise specifically defined.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. , Or integrally connected; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components.
  • installed can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection.
  • integrally connected it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection
  • it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components.
  • the specific meanings of the above-mentioned terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.
  • Fig. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the two-way single-row vine soil cleaning device of the present invention, which includes a frame part 1, a soil cleaning mechanism 4, a distance measuring sensor 6, a telescopic device and a control unit.
  • the rack part 1 includes a rack and a connecting device 102; the rack includes a left rack 101 and a right rack 103; the left rack 101 and the right rack 103
  • the horizontal connection is connected by a connecting device 102; the left side frame 101 and the right side frame 103 are respectively provided with a soil cleaning mechanism 4; the distance measuring sensor 6 is provided in front of the soil cleaning mechanism 4; the left frame 101 and the right frame 103 are respectively provided with telescopic devices, one end of the telescopic device is connected to the frame on the side where it is located, and the other end is connected to the soil cleaning mechanism 4; the control unit is respectively connected to the ranging sensor 6 and the telescopic device connection.
  • the soil cleaning mechanism 4 includes a scraper 406 and a reset mechanism; the upper part of the scraper 406 is rotatably connected to the frame on the side where it is located; the reset mechanism is installed on The upper part of the scraper 406, when the scraper 406 encounters an external force and rotates, the reset mechanism resets the scraper 406.
  • the reset mechanism includes a torsion spring 402 base plate 404 and a cylindrical pin 403; both ends of the cylindrical pin 403 are respectively rotatably connected with a through hole at one end of the base plate 404; The other end is connected with the scraper 406; the cylindrical pin 403 is sleeved with a torsion spring 402.
  • the through hole at one end of the base plate 404 is a longitudinally arranged through slot, which can adjust the height of the scraper 406 and the ground according to the height of the soil ridge, thereby improving the efficiency of soil removal.
  • the soil cleaning mechanism 4 further includes a chute plate 405; the top of the scraper 406 is provided with a chute plate 405, the top of the scraper 406 and the chute at the bottom of the chute plate 405 slide Connected, the reset mechanism is connected to the chute plate 405.
  • both ends of the cylindrical pin 403 are respectively connected to the lower part of the lifting lug 401 in rotation, and the upper part of the lifting lug 401 is connected to the frame on the side where it is located.
  • the distance measuring sensor 6 is arranged on a mounting frame 7, and the mounting frame 7 is respectively welded to the frame on the side where it is located.
  • the distance measuring sensor 6 detects the distance between the soil ridge and the distance measuring sensor 6 and transmits it to the control unit.
  • the control unit controls the telescopic device to adjust the distance between the scraper 406 and the soil ridge, so that the scraper automatically adjusts to clear the soil. Try to avoid damaging the roots of the vines when entering the soil too deeply. While improving the removal rate of the overburden, it also reduces the damage rate of the vines, and the degree of intelligence is higher.
  • the left side frame 101 and the right side frame 103 are respectively provided with a depth limiting mechanism 8;
  • the depth limiting mechanism 8 includes a driving wheel 803, a telescopic shaft 805, The supporting rod 802, the supporting rod connecting piece 801 and the elastic component;
  • the driving wheel 803 is connected to the frame on the side where it is located by a telescopic shaft 805, and is fastened by a nut;
  • the telescopic shaft 805 is sleeved with an elastic component.
  • One end of the support rod 802 is connected to the frame on the side where it is located through the support rod connector 801, and the other end is connected to the components of the driving wheel 803, which plays a role of strengthening support.
  • the nut is a wing nut 806, and the elastic component is a compression spring 804.
  • the depth-limiting wheel can adjust the height according to the unevenness of the ground, so that the machine can obtain effective walking support during the forward process, and ensure that the scraper is stable at the working height.
  • the telescopic device includes a supporting plate 10, a fixed mounting plate 11, and a telescopic electric cylinder 9.
  • One end of the telescopic electric cylinder 9 is welded to the frame on its side through the supporting plate 10, so The other end of the telescopic electric cylinder 9 is connected to the scraper 406 through a fixed mounting plate.
  • the connecting device 102 has a gantry type frame structure, and it is easy to disassemble.
  • the scraper 406 has a curved scraper structure.
  • the left side frame 101 and the right side frame 103 are detachably connected in the longitudinal direction.
  • control unit is a PLC.
  • An engineering machine including the two-way single-row grape vine soil cleaning device described in Embodiment 1, has the beneficial effects described in Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.
  • the construction machine is a two-way single-row riding type grape vine soil cleaner.
  • the construction machinery further includes a seat 2, a steering mechanism 3 and a driving walking system 5; the seat 2, the steering mechanism 3 and the driving walking system 5 are all installed on the frame.
  • the construction machinery also includes components such as brakes and clutches, which are used to realize the normal operation of the construction machinery.
  • it preferably further includes a wind power device; the air outlet of the wind power device is located behind the soil cleaning mechanism 4.
  • the steering mechanism 3 includes a front wheel rod 303, a front wheel 304, a sleeve 302, and a steering wheel 301.
  • the front wheel 304 is arranged in the middle of the front of the frame, and the steering wheel 301 is located In front of the seat 2, the front wheel rod 304 is fixedly connected to the steering wheel 301, and the sleeve is sleeved on the front wheel rod 303 and is fixedly connected to the left side frame 101.
  • the front wheel of the right frame 103 is a universal wheel.
  • the transmission shaft 507 is a stepped shaft.
  • the frame part and the connecting device are made of square steel, which not only reduces the weight of the whole machine, but also ensures that the chassis has sufficient strength and rigidity.
  • the left side frame 101 of the two-way single-row grape vine soil removal device is provided with a driving walking system 5, and the driving walking system 5 provides power for the soil cleaner.
  • the driving walking system 5 includes an exhaust fan 501, a fixed plate 503, a diesel engine 502, a belt 505, a pulley, a gearbox 508, and a drive shaft 507, and the exhaust fan 501 is fixed to the diesel engine 502
  • the fixed plate 503 is bolted to the left frame 101 and fixedly connected to the diesel engine 502.
  • the diesel engine 502 is placed under the seat 2, and the pulley 504 is installed on the diesel engine.
  • the pulley II 506 is installed on the gearbox 508, and the gearbox 508 is installed on the drive shaft 507.
  • the power output by the diesel engine 502 is sequentially transmitted to the gearbox 507 through the pulley 504, the belt 505, and the pulley 506.
  • the gearbox 508 drives the driving wheels 803 to travel through the transmission shaft 507.
  • the present invention can be well combined with the wind-blown soil cleaner.
  • the soil-cleaning mechanism scrapes the overlying soil, which not only creates favorable conditions for the wind-blown soil cleaner, but also reduces the subsequent rattaning.
  • the labor intensity of the job is not only creates favorable conditions for the wind-blown soil cleaner, but also reduces the subsequent rattaning.
  • FIG. 7 is a working schematic diagram of the two-way single-ridge riding vine cleaning machine of the present invention.
  • the cleaning machine works on both sides of the stone pillar through the connecting device 102 to realize the function of cleaning the soil on both sides of the single ridge;
  • the assembly diagram of the left-hand sweeper and the right-hand sweeper provides convenience for the driver's operation and facilitates transportation;
  • the working process of the present invention is:
  • the driver After starting the diesel engine 502, when the speed is stable, the driver operates the steering mechanism 3 to make the driving wheel 803 walk along the ridge.
  • the power output by the diesel engine 502 is transmitted to the gearbox 508 through the pulley, and the gearbox 508 drives the driving wheel 803 to walk, by controlling the left side
  • the frame 101 moves, and then the other side frame is driven by the connecting device 102 to realize the function of the sweeper working on the left and right sides of the ridge at the same time.
  • adjust the height of the left frame 101 and the right frame 102 by adjusting the wing nut 806, and adjust the scraper through the connection of the bottom plate 404 and the U-shaped channel of the lifting lug 401 406 working height.
  • the grape vine cleaner works on both sides at the same time.
  • the buried soil of the grape vines on both sides of the soil ridge is removed at the same time.
  • the scraper 406 is used to scrape the soil on both sides of the soil ridge at the same time.
  • the actual height adjusts the height between the scraper 406 and the ground, which improves the efficiency of soil cleaning; the distance between the soil ridge and the distance sensor 6 is detected by the distance measuring sensor 6 and transmitted to the PLC, and the PLC controls the telescopic electric cylinder 9 to adjust the scraper
  • the distance between 406 and the soil ridge realizes the function of infinitely approaching the vine without damaging the roots; when the scraper 406 is subjected to greater resistance, the torsion spring 402 can be compressed to swing to avoid it, ensuring the safety of the scraper 402 and the overall performance of the machine. stability.
  • the soil cleaning mechanism 4 Through the action of the soil cleaning mechanism 4, the soil covering on the grape vines is finally removed, and the soil is scraped and sent to the grape rows to save the vines for use in the next winter. At this point, the entire operation process is completed. After the operation is completed, the connecting device 102 can be disassembled, and the left and right frames are combined by bolt connection, which provides convenience for the driver's operation and facilitates transportation.
  • the soil cleaning mechanism and the depth limiting mechanism of the present invention both have height adjustment devices, which are easy to meet the needs of different working environments.
  • a reset mechanism is installed on the soil cleaning mechanism. When subjected to greater resistance, the scraper can swing and avoid, and Can be reset.
  • the present invention replaces the manual removal of the soil on the vines, and can flexibly scrape the soil between the piles of the vines and the sides of the vines at one time. When working, both sides of the same soil ridge can be operated at the same time, which greatly improves the work efficiency and is simple to operate.
  • the production cost is relatively low, which reduces the cost of grape planting, and effectively solves the problems of small ground clearance, low transmission efficiency, high failure rate, and failure of two-way soil removal at one time.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)

Abstract

一种双向单垄葡萄藤清土装置，包括机架部分（1）、清土机构（4）、测距传感器（6）、伸缩装置和控制单元；机架（1）包括左侧机架（101）和右侧机架（103）；左侧机架（101）和右侧机架（103）之间通过连接装置（102）连接；左侧机架（101）和右侧机架（103）分别设有清土机构（4）；测距传感器（6）设在清土机构（4）前面；左侧机架（101）和右侧机架（103）上分别设有伸缩装置，控制单元分别与测距传感器（6）和伸缩装置连接。本该清土装置可一次性灵活刮出葡萄藤的桩间和侧边的覆土，工作时可以同一土垄两侧同时作业，大大提高了工作效率。还公开了一种工程机械。

Description

一种双向单垄葡萄藤清土装置及安装该装置的工程机械 技术领域
本发明属于农机研究领域，具体涉及一种双向单垄葡萄藤清土装置及安装该装置的工程机械。
背景技术
近些年，我国的葡萄产业正在迅猛发展，葡萄的栽植面积跃居世界第二位，并跻身成为了世界上第一个葡萄产量大国，其主要种植区域集中在西北地区。西北地区冬季气候寒冷干燥，为了防止葡萄藤风干和冻伤，目前采取最常见的办法是进行冬季埋藤，就是在冬季到来之际，将葡萄藤放倒，然后用土掩埋起来，然后在冬季结束之后将葡萄藤上的覆土清除干净，但是这需要耗费大量的劳动力，而且葡萄藤在春季达到一定的温度和湿度就会发芽，若清土未在葡萄藤发芽前完成，则在清土时会不可避免的伤害到芽，影响产量。目前主要依赖人工进行清土作业，工作量大，劳动强度高，人工成本高，这不仅制约了葡萄产业的发展，而且大大减少了葡萄种植户的收入。因此，研制相关机械对葡萄藤进行清土作业具有十分重要的意义。
由于葡萄园内有方便葡萄攀爬的立桩以及拉丝的阻碍，目前现有的清土机械主要从葡萄藤的一侧进行清土，作业效率低，而且现在大多数的清土机多为不带动力，悬挂在传统的拖拉机后面，由于现在的拖拉机结构上的一些原因，传动效率低，故障率较高。例如专利CN206948826U，通过侧边刮板和桩间刮板对葡萄藤上方以及单侧覆土进行清除；例如专利CN207573854U，通过叶轮清土机构将葡萄藤单侧边土壤清除。但是在实践过程中存在了很多的问题，他们都无法一次性将土垄两侧的覆土同时清除，每次只能在垄的一侧作业，而且需要悬挂在拖拉机后面进行作业，导致工作效率低，无法自动调节清土深度，入土太深会损伤葡萄藤根系，太浅导致覆土清除率低，对驾驶员也有较高的技术要求。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题，本发明提供一种双向单垄葡萄藤清土装置，能在土垄两侧同时作业清除覆土，且能控制清土机构自动调节清土深度，尽量避免入土太深会损伤葡萄藤根系，太浅又导致覆土清除率低的情况。
本发明还提供一种安装该双向单垄葡萄藤清土装置的工程机械，所述工程机械 为乘坐式清土机，座椅、转向机构和驱动行走系统均安装在所述清土装置的机架上。
本发明可有效解决与现有传统的拖拉机结合的清土机离地间隙小和传动效率低、故障率高，同时无法一次性双向清土等问题。驾驶员可以驾驶清土机，通过清土机上的刮板对葡萄藤上的覆土进行清除，实现对同一土垄的两侧覆土双向清除。同时利用测距传感器的实时测距功能，使刮板自动调节清土深度，尽量避免入土太深会损伤葡萄藤根系，本发明通过复位机构，实现刮板的避障功能。本发明可在清土机不工作时，通过拆卸连接装置，将左右两侧机架纵向组合成一体，为驾驶员操作提供了便利。本发明是一种结构简单，清土效率高的双向单垄乘坐式葡萄藤清土机，提高土垄清土效率，避免损伤葡萄藤，同时尽可能将葡萄藤上的土清除干净。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种双向单垄葡萄藤清土装置，包括机架部分、清土机构、测距传感器、伸缩装置和控制单元；
所述机架部分包括机架和连接装置；所述机架包括左侧机架和右侧机架；所述左侧机架和右侧机架横向之间通过连接装置连接；
所述左侧机架和右侧机架分别设有清土机构；
所述测距传感器设在清土机构前面；
所述左侧机架和右侧机架上分别设有伸缩装置，所述伸缩装置的一端与其所在一侧机架连接，另一端与清土机构连接；
所述控制单元分别与测距传感器和伸缩装置连接。
上述方案中，所述清土机构包括刮板和复位机构；
所述刮板的上部与其所在一侧机架转动连接；
所述复位机构安装在刮板的上部，当刮板遇到外力作用发生转动后，复位机构使刮板复位。
进一步的，所述复位机构包括扭簧，底座板和圆柱销；
所述圆柱销的两端分别与底座板一端的通孔转动连接；所述底座板的另一端与刮板连接；
所述圆柱销上套装扭簧。
进一步的，所述底座板一端的通孔为纵向设置的通槽。
进一步的，所述清土机构还包括滑槽板；
所述刮板的顶部设有滑槽板、刮板的顶端与滑槽板底部的滑槽滑动连接，所述复位 机构与滑槽板连接。
上述方案中，所述连接装置为龙门式架结构。
上述方案中，所述左侧机架和右侧机架纵向之间可拆卸连接。
一种工程机械，包括所述的双向单垄葡萄藤清土装置。
上述方案中，还包括座椅、转向机构和驱动行走系统；
所述座椅、转向机构和驱动行走系统均安装在所述机架上。
上述方案中，还包括风力装置；所述风力装置的出风口位于清土机构的后方。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1.本发明设计了双机架机构，通过连接装置连接，可以同时对垄两侧的覆土进行清除，降低了作业的劳动强度，提高了作业效率，并且清土机在不工作时，左侧和右侧机架可以纵向组装成一个整体机架，且右侧机架前轮为万向轮，通过控制左侧清土机方向盘带动右侧转向，为驾驶员操作提供了便利；
2.本发明所述清土机构的刮板设有复位机构，在受到较大阻力时刮板可以摆动躲避，并在受较小阻力时，刮板恢复原状继续工作，不仅有效的清除覆土，保证了刮板的安全性，而且保证了机架的稳定性；
3.利用测距传感器可以实时测量刮板与土垄之间的距离，通过伸缩装置调整刮板的入土深度，使刮板自动调节清土深度，尽量避免入土太深会损伤葡萄藤根系，在提高覆土清除率的同时也降低了葡萄藤损伤率，智能化程度更高；
4.本发明可以和风力式吹送的清土装置很好的结合，不仅为风吹式清土装置创造了有利条件，而且降低了后续起藤作业的劳动强度。
附图说明
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1为本发明一实施方式的双向单垄葡萄藤清土装置结构示意图；
图2为本发明一实施方式的双向单垄葡萄藤清土装置的机架示意图；
图3为本发明一实施方式的双向单垄葡萄藤清土装置的清土机构示意图；
图4为本发明一实施方式的双向单垄葡萄藤清土装置限深机构示意图；
图5为本发明一实施方式的双向单垄葡萄藤清土工程机械的转向机构示意图；
图6为本发明一实施方式的双向单垄葡萄藤清土工程机械驱动行走系统示意图；
图7为本发明一实施方式的双向单垄葡萄藤清土装置工作示意图；
图8为本发明一实施方式的双向单垄葡萄藤清土机装置左侧机架和右侧机架纵向连接的组装示意图。
图中，1-机架部分、2-座椅、3-转向机构、4-清土机构、5-驱动行走系统、6-测距传感器、7-安装架、8-限深机构、9-伸缩电缸、10-托板、11-固定安装板、101-左侧机架，102-连接装置，103-右侧机架、301-方向盘、302-套筒、303-前轮杆、304-前轮、401-吊耳、402-扭簧、403-圆柱销、404-底板、405-滑槽板、406-刮板、501-排气扇、502-柴油机、503-固定板、504-带轮Ⅰ、505-皮带、506-带轮Ⅱ、507-传动轴、508变速箱、801-支撑杆连接件、802-支撑杆、803-驱动轮、804-弹性部件、805-伸缩轴、806-蝶形螺母。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“轴向”、“径向”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
实施例1
如图1所示为本发明所述双向单垄葡萄藤清土装置的一种较佳的实施方式，包括机架部分1、清土机构4、测距传感器6、伸缩装置和控制单元。
如图2所示，所述机架部分1包括机架和连接装置102；所述机架包括左侧机架101和右侧机架103；所述左侧机架101和右侧机架103横向之间通过连接装置102连接；所述左侧机架101和右侧机架103分别设有清土机构4；所述测距传感器6设在清土机构4前面；所述左侧机架101和右侧机架103上分别设有伸缩装置，所述伸缩装置的一端与其所在一侧机架连接，另一端与清土机构4连接；所述控制单元分别与测距传感器6和伸缩装置连接。
如图3所示，根据本实施例，优选的，所述清土机构4包括刮板406和复位机构；所述刮板406的上部与其所在一侧机架转动连接；所述复位机构安装在刮板406的上部，当刮板406遇到外力作用发生转动后，复位机构使刮板406复位。
根据本实施例，优选的，所述复位机构包括扭簧402底座板404和圆柱销403；所述圆柱销403的两端分别与底座板404一端的通孔转动连接；所述底座板404的另一端与刮板406连接；所述圆柱销403上套装扭簧402。
根据本实施例，优选的，所述底座板404一端的通孔为纵向设置的通槽，能根据土垄的高度调节刮板406与地面的高度，提高了清土效率。
根据本实施例，优选的，所述清土机构4还包括滑槽板405；所述刮板406的顶部设有滑槽板405、刮板406的顶端与滑槽板405底部的滑槽滑动连接，所述复位机构与滑槽板405连接。
根据本实施例，优选的，所述圆柱销403的两端还分别与吊耳401的下部转动连接，所述吊耳401的上部与其所在一侧的机架连接。
根据本实施例，优选的，所述测距传感器6设置在安装架7上，所述安装架7分别焊接在其所在一侧的机架上。所述测距传感器6检测土垄与测距传感器6之间的距离，并传送到控制单元，控制单元控制伸缩装置从而调整刮板406与土垄之间的距离，使刮板自动调节清土深度，尽量避免入土太深会损伤葡萄藤根系，在提高覆土清除率的同时也降低了葡萄藤损伤率，智能化程度更高。
如图4所示，根据本实施例，优选的，所述左侧机架101和右侧机架103还分别设有限深机构8；所述限深机构8包括驱动轮803、伸缩轴805、支撑杆802、支撑杆连接件801和弹性部件；所述驱动轮803通过伸缩轴805与其所在一侧的机架连接，且通过螺母紧固；所述伸缩轴805上套装一个弹性部件。所述支撑杆802一端通过支撑 杆连接件801与其所在一侧机架连接，另一端和驱动轮803的部件连接，起到加强支撑的作用。所述螺母为蝶形螺母806，所述弹性部件为压缩弹簧804。所述限深轮可以依据地面的不平整度调整高度，使机器在前进过程中得到有效的行走支撑，保证刮板稳定在工作高度。
根据本实施例，优选的，所述伸缩装置包括托板10、固定安装板11和伸缩电缸9，所述伸缩电缸9的一端与通过托板10与其所在一侧的机架焊接，所述伸缩电缸9的另一端通过固定安装板与刮板406连接。
根据本实施例，优选的，所述连接装置102为龙门式架结构，而且方便拆卸。
根据本实施例，优选的，所述刮板406为曲面刮板结构。
根据本实施例，优选的，所述左侧机架101和右侧机架103纵向之间可拆卸连接。
根据本实施例，优选的，所述控制单元为PLC。
实施例2
一种工程机械，包括实施例1所述的双向单垄葡萄藤清土装置，具有实施1所述的有益效果，此处不再赘述。
根据本实施例，优选的，所述工程机械为双向单垄乘坐式葡萄藤清土机。
所述工程机械，还包括座椅2、转向机构3和驱动行走系统5；所述座椅2、转向机构3和驱动行走系统5均安装在所述机架上。所述工程机械还包括制动和离合等部件，用于实现该工程机械的正常操作。
根据本实施例，优选的，还包括风力装置；所述风力装置的出风口位于清土机构4的后方。
如图5所示，所述转向机构3包括前轮杆303、前轮304、套筒302和方向盘301，所述的前轮304布置在机架的前方中间处，所述的、方向盘301位于座椅2的前方，所述的、前轮杆304固定连接在所述的、方向盘301上，所述套筒套在前轮杆303上，并与左侧机架101固定连接。
根据本实施例，优选的，所述右侧机架103的前轮为万向轮。
根据不实施例，优选的，所述传动轴507为阶梯轴。
根据本实施例，优选的，所述机架部分和连接装置采用方钢材质，既减轻了整机的重量，又保证了底盘拥有足够的强度和刚度。
如图6所示，优选的，所述双向单垄葡萄藤清土装置的左侧机架101上设有驱动行走系统5，所述驱动行走系统5为清土机提供动力。
根据本实施例，优选的，所述驱动行走系统5包括排气扇501、固定板503、柴油机502、皮带505、皮带轮、变速箱508和传动轴507，所述排气扇501与柴油机502固定连接，所述固定板503与所述左侧机架101螺栓连接，与柴油机502固定连接，所述柴油机502放置在所述座椅2的下方，所述带轮Ⅰ504安装在柴油机上，所属的带轮Ⅱ506安装在所述变速箱508上，所述变速箱508安装在所述传动轴507上，柴油机502输出的动力依次经过带轮504、皮带505、带轮506传递到变速箱507中，变速箱508通过传动轴507驱动驱动轮803行走。
根据本实施例，优选的，本发明可以和风力吹送式清土机很好结合，清土机构对覆土进行刮除，不仅为风吹式清土装置创造了有利条件，而且降低了后续起藤作业的劳动强度。
如图7所示为本发明双向单垄乘坐式葡萄藤清土机的工作示意图，清土机通过连接装置102在石柱子的两侧进行工作，实现单垄双侧清土的功能；
如图8所示，为拆掉连接装置102，左侧清土机和右侧清土机组装示意图，为驾驶员操做提供了便利，方便运输；
本发明的工作过程为：
启动柴油机502，等转速平稳后，驾驶员通过操作转向机构3使驱动轮803沿垄行走，柴油机502输出的动力经过皮带轮传递到变速箱508,变速箱508驱动驱动轮803行走，通过控制左侧机架101移动，然后通过连接装置102带动另一侧机架，实现清土机在垄的左侧和右侧同时工作的功能。根据冬季葡萄藤埋地的现状，通过调整蝶形螺母806调节左侧机架101和右侧机架102的离地高度，通过底板404与吊耳401的U型通槽的连接，调节刮板406的作业高度。葡萄藤清土机工作时，进行的是两侧同时作业，对土垄两侧的葡萄藤埋土同时进行清除，利用刮板406对土垄的两侧的覆土同时刮除，根据土垄的实际高度调节刮板406与地面的高度，提高了清土效率；利用测距传感器6检测土垄与测距传感器6之间的距离，并传送到PLC，PLC控制伸缩电缸9从而调整刮板406与土垄之间的距离，实现无限接近葡萄藤而不伤根的功能；刮板406在受到较大阻力时可以通过压缩扭簧402摆动躲避，保证刮板402的安全性和整机的稳定性。通过所述清土机构4的作用，最终将葡萄藤上的覆土清除，并将土刮送到葡萄行间，留以下次冬季的埋藤使用，至此，完成了整个作业过程。在作业完成后可以拆卸掉连接装置102，左、右侧机架通过螺栓连接组合起来，为驾驶员操作提供了便利，方便运输。
本发明所述清土机构和限深机构，都有高度调节装置，易于满足不同工作环境的需 求，在清土机构上安装有复位机构，在受到较大阻力时，刮板可以摆动躲避、且可以复位。采用本发明代替了人工去除葡萄藤上的覆土，可一次性灵活刮除葡萄藤的桩间和侧边的覆土，工作时可以同一土垄两侧同时作业，大大提高了工作效率，操作简单，且制作成本比较低，降低了葡萄的种植成本，有效解决与现有传统的拖拉机结合的清土机离地间隙小和传动效率低、故障率高，同时无法一次性双向清土等问题。
应当理解，虽然本说明书是按照各个实施例描述的，但并非每个实施例仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
上文所列出的一系列的详细说明仅仅是针对本发明的可行性实施例的具体说明，它们并非用以限制本发明的保护范围，凡未脱离本发明技艺精神所作的等效实施例或变更均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种双向单垄葡萄藤清土装置，其特征在于，包括机架部分(1)、清土机构(4)、测距传感器(6)、伸缩装置和控制单元；
    所述机架部分(1)包括机架和连接装置(102)；所述机架包括左侧机架(101)和右侧机架(103)；所述左侧机架(101)和右侧机架(103)横向之间通过连接装置(102)连接；
    所述左侧机架(101)和右侧机架(103)分别设有清土机构(4)；
    所述测距传感器(6)设在清土机构(4)前面；
    所述左侧机架(101)和右侧机架(103)上分别设有伸缩装置，所述伸缩装置的一端与其所在一侧机架连接，另一端与清土机构(4)连接；
    所述控制单元分别与测距传感器(6)和伸缩装置连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的双向单垄葡萄藤清土装置，其特征在于，所述清土机构(4)包括刮板(406)和复位机构；
    所述刮板(406)的上部与其所在一侧机架转动连接；
    所述复位机构安装在刮板(406)的上部，当刮板(406)遇到外力作用发生转动后，复位机构使刮板(406)复位。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的双向单垄葡萄藤清土装置，其特征在于，所述复位机构包括扭簧(402)底座板(404)和圆柱销(403)；
    所述圆柱销(403)的两端分别与底座板(404)一端的通孔转动连接；所述底座板(404)的另一端与刮板(406)连接；
    所述圆柱销(403)上套装扭簧(402)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的双向单垄葡萄藤清土装置，其特征在于，所述底座板(404)一端的通孔为纵向设置的通槽。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的双向单垄葡萄藤清土装置，其特征在于，所述清土机构(4)还包括滑槽板(405)；
    所述刮板(406)的顶部设有滑槽板(405)、刮板(406)的顶端与滑槽板(405)底部的滑槽滑动连接，所述复位机构与滑槽板(405)连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的双向单垄葡萄藤清土装置，其特征在于，所述连接装置(102)为龙门式架结构。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的双向单垄葡萄藤清土装置，其特征在于，所述左侧机架 (101)和右侧机架(103)纵向之间可拆卸连接。
  8. 一种工程机械，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的双向单垄葡萄藤清土装置。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的工程机械，其特征在于，还包括座椅(2)、转向机构(3)和驱动行走系统(5)；
    所述座椅(2)、转向机构(3)和驱动行走系统(5)均安装在所述机架上。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的工程机械，其特征在于，还包括风力装置；所述风力装置的出风口位于清土机构(4)的后方。
PCT/CN2020/075914 2019-11-29 2020-02-20 一种双向单垄葡萄藤清土装置及安装该装置的工程机械 WO2021103324A1 (zh)

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