WO2020166526A1 - 蒸気供給装置及び乾燥システム - Google Patents
蒸気供給装置及び乾燥システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020166526A1 WO2020166526A1 PCT/JP2020/004941 JP2020004941W WO2020166526A1 WO 2020166526 A1 WO2020166526 A1 WO 2020166526A1 JP 2020004941 W JP2020004941 W JP 2020004941W WO 2020166526 A1 WO2020166526 A1 WO 2020166526A1
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- Prior art keywords
- heat
- medium
- heat storage
- steam
- supply
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/90—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation
- F24S10/95—Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation having evaporator sections and condenser sections, e.g. heat pipes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B3/00—Other methods of steam generation; Steam boilers not provided for in other groups of this subclass
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B33/00—Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different types in mutual association
- F22B33/18—Combinations of steam boilers with other apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B5/00—Steam boilers of drum type, i.e. without internal furnace or fire tubes, the boiler body being contacted externally by flue gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S90/00—Solar heat systems not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
- F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
- F26B3/08—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
- F26B3/084—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed with heat exchange taking place in the fluidised bed, e.g. combined direct and indirect heat exchange
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/74—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/10—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using latent heat
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a steam supply device and a drying system.
- the present application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-024650 filed in Japan on February 14, 2019, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a drying system in which heat energy obtained by concentrating sunlight is used as a heat source to generate steam, and the generated steam dries high-humidity solid fuel.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and an object thereof is to stably supply steam in a steam supply device that collects sunlight and uses it as a heat source.
- a vapor supply device internally collects sunlight by collecting sunlight and collecting heat to obtain heat energy, and a heat energy obtained by the sunlight collecting heat collecting portion.
- a heat storage/heat exchange section that heats a heat storage agent stored in the heat storage agent to store heat in the heat storage agent, and heats a supply medium by the heat energy stored in the heat storage agent, and the supply medium in the heat storage/heat exchange section.
- a steam supply unit that supplies the steam of the supply medium obtained by heating.
- the solar light collecting and collecting unit heats a heat medium by heat energy obtained by collecting sunlight, and the heat storage/heat exchange unit heats by the heat energy.
- the heat storage agent may be heated by the generated heat medium.
- the solar light collecting and collecting unit includes a plurality of solar light collecting and collecting units
- the heat storage/heat exchange unit includes a plurality of heat storage/heat exchange units, respectively.
- the heat storage agent stored in the corresponding plurality of heat storage/heat exchange sections is heated to store heat in the heat storage agent, and at the same time, the heat storage agent.
- the vapor supply unit heating the supply medium in each of the plurality of heat storage/heat exchange units under a plurality of different conditions. Steam may be supplied.
- a part of the first steam of the supply medium obtained by heating the supply medium in the first heat storage/heat exchange units of the plurality of heat storage/heat exchange units may be provided in the plurality of heat storage units.
- the superheated steam of the supply medium having a temperature higher than that of the first steam may be obtained by heating in the second heat storage/heat exchange section of the heat storage/heat exchange section.
- the steam supply device may further include an auxiliary boiler for heating the supply medium.
- the heat storage/heat exchange unit may include a stirring device that stirs the heat storage agent.
- the heat energy stored in the heat storage agent is used to continuously heat the supply medium even in a time period when heat energy from sunlight is not obtained. You may supply the vapor
- a drying system includes the steam supply device, and a fluidized bed drying device that uses the steam of the supply medium supplied from the steam supply device as a heat source to dry the high-humidity material while flowing it.
- a drying system is a fluidized bed that uses the steam of the steam supply device and the supply medium supplied from the steam supply device as a heat source to dry the high-humidity material while flowing the high-humidity raw material. And a drying device.
- the steam supply device collects sunlight and stores the heat energy obtained by collecting the heat in the heat storage agent, and heats the supply medium via the heat storage agent to generate steam. ..
- the steam supply device collects sunlight and stores the heat energy obtained by collecting the heat in the heat storage agent, and heats the supply medium via the heat storage agent to generate steam. ..
- the fluctuation of the heat absorption amount due to the change of sunshine during the passage is leveled by temporarily storing the heat in the heat storage agent, and the supply medium can be constantly heated under a constant condition, resulting in stable supply of steam. is there.
- the steam supply device 1 heats and supplies the supply medium Z1 to the intended use (supply destination).
- the supply medium Z1 is, for example, a fluid that is pressurized to the atmospheric pressure, and when heated, a part thereof becomes vapor.
- the steam is separated from the heated supply medium Z1 and supplied to the destination as the steam medium Z1s.
- the steam supply device 1 includes a solar light collecting and collecting unit 2, a heat storage/heat exchange unit 3, a steam supply unit 4, and a medium circulation unit 5.
- the heat storage agent is, for example, a mixture containing a nitrate of an alkali metal element, specifically, sodium nitrate (NaNO 3 ), and has a temperature range in which a solid-liquid phase change occurs in the range of 150°C to 400°C. Mixed salt.
- the heat energy stored by the heat storage agent includes latent heat corresponding to the phase change between the solid and the liquid, and sensible heat corresponding to the temperature change of the heat storage agent.
- An example of the temperature characteristic of the heat storage agent is shown in FIG. 2, and there are a region where the heat storage agent is entirely in the liquid phase, a region where the liquid phase and the solid phase coexist, and a region where all the heat storage agent is in the solid phase.
- FIG. 2 is a system in which a mixed salt of sodium nitrate (NaNO 3 ) and potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ) is used as the heat storage agent, and as shown by the curve in the figure with respect to the mixing ratio shown on the horizontal axis, It shows that the temperature range where the phase change occurs changes.
- a composition in which the molar fraction of sodium nitrate (NaNO 3 ) is 0.786 is selected, and when the temperature of the heat storage agent is changed in this composition, The temperature range used is selected in consideration of the phase change.
- the upper limit (Tmax) of the working temperature In order to store as much heat energy as possible in the heat storage agent and to ensure a stable steam supply, the upper limit (Tmax) of the working temperature must be in the region where the heat storage agent is entirely liquid, and the lower limit (Tmin) of the working temperature. ), a part of the heat storage agent becomes a solid phase, but it must be a region where a certain degree of fluidity can be secured by forming a slurry due to the existence of a liquid phase to some extent. As the proportion of the solid phase in the heat storage agent increases, the viscosity increases and fluidity is lost, so the composition of the heat storage agent and the temperature range to be used should be set within the range that does not hinder the transfer of heat energy. ..
- the composition of the heat storage agent and the temperature range to be used should be set in consideration of the heat exchange conditions with the supply medium, and the composition of the mixed salt, the upper limit temperature Tmax, and the lower limit temperature Tmin are limited. Not something. Further, in the example of FIG. 2, from Tmax to 274° C. where the phase change starts, only the heat stored as sensible heat in the heat storage agent is used, so the temperature greatly decreases as the heat radiation progresses. On the other hand, from 274° C. to Tmin, latent heat associated with the phase change of the heat storage agent is mainly used.
- This region is characterized in that the temperature change is small even if heat dissipation progresses, and it is preferable to use latent heat having such a feature in heating the supply medium to generate steam.
- latent heat having such a feature in heating the supply medium to generate steam.
- a high temperature is required, but a large amount of heat is not required, and a region close to Tmax can be used. It is preferable to set Tmax and Tmin in consideration of such characteristics of the heat storage agent.
- the temperature range of Tmax and Tmin will be abbreviated as “heat storage agent operating range” or simply “operating range” below.
- the reflecting mirror has a semi-cylindrical shape, and sunlight is reflected on the concave surface side of the semi-cylindrical reflecting mirror.
- the heat transfer tube is arranged in parallel with the reflecting mirror so that the reflected light focuses linearly near the heat transfer tube.
- the actual curved shape is a shape close to an ellipse, and the reflected light is gathered on a substantially straight line.
- the object to be heated is heated while passing through the heat transfer tube.
- the heat transfer tube needs to have a certain length, and the reflecting mirror is also generally in a horizontally long shape parallel to the heat transfer tube.
- the actually manufactured sunlight concentrator is not limited to the example shown below.
- the sunlight concentrating device 200 is roughly divided into a condensing heating unit 210 and a supporting device 220.
- the condensing heating unit 210 has a main condensing mirror 211, a sub-condensing mirror 212, and a connecting fitting 213 for concentrating sunlight, and a heating medium heating tube provided on a straight line where the condensed sunlight gathers 214, and.
- the support device 220 has a function of adjusting the azimuth angle (horizontal angle) and the elevation angle (vertical angle) not only for supporting the condensing and heating unit 210 but also for maximally reflecting and concentrating sunlight. To have.
- the main condensing mirror 211 is a reflecting mirror that has a shape in which a cylinder is vertically cut open, and has a concave curved surface shape so as to focus in a straight line parallel to the reflecting mirror.
- a metal is often used as a material of the main condensing mirror 211 in consideration of sunlight reflectance and durability as a structure.
- the temperature may rise due to the main condensing mirror 211 being exposed to the sun for a long time, which may cause thermal expansion and distortion of the concave shape. Therefore, although not shown in the drawing, the main condensing mirror 211 may be provided with a cooling mechanism.
- the heat medium heating pipe 214 By arranging the heat medium heating pipe 214 on the straight line which is the focal point of the main condenser mirror 211, the fluid flowing through the heat medium heating pipe 214 is heated.
- the sub-focusing mirror 212 may be provided in consideration of the efficiency and stability of heating of the fluid.
- the sub condenser mirror 212 is arranged so as to face the main condenser mirror 211 with the heating medium heating tube 214 interposed therebetween.
- the main condensing mirror 211 has a concave shape so that sunlight gathers on a straight line.
- the points where the respective reflected lights gather do not necessarily match in the vicinity of the center line of the main condenser mirror 211 and the portions near both ends, and the reflected lights are concentrated on the surface of the heat medium heating tube 214.
- the concentrated sunlight hits only the surface of the heating medium heating tube 214 on the side of the main condenser mirror 211, and the opposite side of the heating medium heating tube 214 is not exposed to the direct light of the sun.
- the thermal energy reaching the surface of 214 differs between the main condensing mirror 211 side and the opposite side, and a temperature difference may occur.
- the sub-condensing mirror 212 is a semi-cylindrical-shaped reflecting mirror that is installed facing the main condensing mirror 211 and has a concave reflecting surface like the main condensing mirror 211.
- the sub-condensing mirror 212 reflects the sunlight, which has been condensed by the main condensing mirror 211 and passed without hitting the heat medium heating pipe 214, to the heat medium heating pipe 214 side again, and on the heat medium heating pipe 214. It is placed so that it will be in focus.
- the heat medium heating tube 214 at a position slightly closer than the focal point of the main condenser mirror 211, the sunlight passing through the periphery of the heat medium heating tube 214 and reaching the sub condenser mirror 212. Is increased so that the heat energy reaching the main condenser mirror 211 side surface of the heat medium heating tube 214 and the heat energy reaching the sub condenser mirror 212 side surface are equalized. This is expected to have the effect of improving the heating efficiency and suppressing the generation of strain due to the temperature difference of the heating medium heating tube 214 itself.
- the sub-condensing mirror 212 and the heat medium heating tube 214 are installed with a certain space from the main condensing mirror 211, they are connected to each other by a connecting fitting 213 so as to maintain the space therebetween and fixed to the main condensing mirror 211. To be done.
- the sub-focusing mirror 212 may be omitted. In that case, it is necessary to dispose the heat medium heating pipe 214 at a position where the sunlight collected by the main condenser mirror 211 just gathers and to prevent the occurrence of a temperature difference on the surface of the heat medium heating pipe 214. However, the description here is omitted.
- the support device 220 fixes the solar concentrator 200 to the ground and has a role of supporting the condensing heating unit 210.
- the support device 220 also has a role of adjusting the direction of the condenser heating unit 210 so that the sunlight is incident at a right angle to the center line of the main condenser mirror 211 in order to efficiently collect the sunlight.
- the support device 220 includes a main pillar 221 that fixes the condenser heating unit 210 at a certain height from the ground, an azimuth angle adjustment device 222 that adjusts the azimuth angle (horizontal angle) according to the direction of the sun, and the sun. And an elevation angle adjusting device 223 that adjusts the elevation angle (vertical angle) according to the altitude of the.
- the azimuth adjusting device 222 and the elevation adjusting device 223 are generally programmed to follow the direction of the sun according to the season and the time of day.
- the sunlight concentrator 200 Since the sunlight concentrator 200 has a movable structure as described above, there is a limit to the size of one unit. Therefore, the heat energy obtained by concentrating sunlight is also limited, and therefore, in general, a plurality of solar light concentrating devices 200 are arranged to secure the necessary heat energy.
- FIG. 4 shows an arrangement example of the solar concentrator 200.
- a sunny and almost flat land is maintained as a solar field 230, and a plurality of solar light concentrators 200 are arranged in the solar field 230 so as not to block sunlight from each other.
- the area of the solar field 230 (the land on which the concentrating heater 200 is placed) depends on the total amount of heat energy collected, but industrial applications require an area of at least several hundred square meters, several thousand square meters, or more. become.
- the solar energy concentrators 200 arranged in the heat utilization facility 231 and the solar field 230 are used.
- the heat energy is collected by arranging a pipe between the two and circulating a fluid (heat medium) for carrying heat through the pipe.
- the arrangement of the solar field 230 and the heat utilization facility 231 in FIG. 4 is a basic arrangement, and may be changed as appropriate depending on the scale of collected heat energy, the shape of the land of the solar field 230, and the like.
- the solar concentrators 200 are divided into a plurality of solar fields 230 and arranged, each having a dedicated heat medium circulation system. May be.
- the steam supply device 1 heats and supplies the supply medium Z1 to the application destination.
- the supply medium Z1 is, for example, a fluid that is pressurized to the atmospheric pressure, and when heated, a part thereof becomes vapor.
- the steam supply device 1 includes a solar light collecting and collecting unit 2, a heat storage/heat exchange unit 3, a steam supply unit 4, and a medium circulation unit 5.
- the sunlight condensing heat collecting unit 2 acquires heat energy from sunlight and, via a medium (heat medium X1) that conveys this heat energy, in the heat storage agent storage tank 3a of the heat storage/heat exchange unit 3. Is transferred to the heat storage agent Y1 stored in.
- the heat storage agent Y1 receives heat energy from the heat medium X1 via the primary heat exchanger 3b, and temporarily stores heat energy.
- the heat storage agent Y1 is in contact with the supply medium Z1 via the secondary heat exchanger 3c, and the heat energy stored in the heat storage agent Y1 is transferred to the supply medium Z1.
- the supply medium Z1 is heated by the heat storage agent Y1 and partly becomes vapor.
- the supply medium Z1 that has been partially heated to steam is separated into liquid and steam (steam medium Z1s), and the separated steam medium Z1s is finally supplied to the intended destination.
- the heat energy is consumed at.
- the vapor medium Z1s, which has carried its role by transporting heat energy to the end of its intended use, is basically recovered, cooled, condensed, and reused as the supplementary medium Z.
- the steam supply device 1 uses the heat storage agent Y1 that temporarily stores the heat energy to generate heat. It can be continuously supplied to the end user who is the end consumer of energy.
- the heat energy supplied to the application destination needs to satisfy the temperature condition required by the application destination.
- the type of the heat storage agent Y1 By arbitrarily setting the type of the heat storage agent Y1, the selection of the operating region, the type of the supply medium Z1 that serves as a carrier of heat energy in the steam supply device 1, the usage conditions, the specifications of the device, etc. It can meet the required temperature conditions.
- the sunlight condensing and heat collecting unit 2 basically includes a plurality of sunlight concentrating devices 2a, and one heat medium pump 2b and one heat medium tank 2c provided for the plurality of sunlight concentrating devices 2a. Prepare as a configuration.
- the plurality of solar light concentrators 2a are arranged in a wide solar field 230 provided in the site of the facility, as in the example of FIG.
- the sunlight condensing heat collecting unit 2 includes the necessary number of the sunlight concentrating devices 2a according to the specifications of the heat energy calculated from the steam supply conditions to the destinations of use. Basically, all the sunlight concentrators 2a are connected in parallel. However, in order to heat the heating medium X1 to a predetermined temperature, a plurality of sunlight concentrators 2a may be connected in series.
- a plurality of solar light collectors 2a connected in series in this way may be set as one set, and a plurality of sets may be provided in parallel. That is, the arrangement of the solar light collecting device 2a is not limited to the examples of FIGS. 1 and 4, and may be any arrangement.
- the single solar concentrator 2a has the same configuration as the solar concentrator 200 shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, and is adjusted so that the reflecting mirror always faces the sun.
- a heating pipe heating medium heating pipe
- the sunlight concentrator 2a obtains heat energy from sunlight and heats the heat medium X1 passing through the inside of the heating tube.
- the heat medium pump 2b pumps the heat medium X1 stored in the heat medium tank 2c to the heating tube of the sunlight concentrator 2a.
- the heat medium X1 in this embodiment is a pressurized liquid or superheated steam.
- the sunlight condensing heat collecting unit 2 is configured to be able to heat the heat medium X1 to a temperature higher than the temperature set as the maximum heat storage temperature (Tmax) of the heat storage agent Y1.
- the heat storage/heat exchange section 3 includes a heat storage agent storage tank 3a in which the heat storage agent Y1 is stored. Inside the heat storage agent storage tank 3a, a primary heat exchanger 3b that guides the heat medium X1 that has passed through the solar light concentrator 2a, a secondary heat exchanger 3c that guides the liquid supply medium Z1, and a stirring device. 3d is provided.
- the primary heat exchanger 3b is installed vertically below the heat storage agent storage tank 3a.
- the secondary heat exchanger 3c is installed vertically above the primary heat exchanger 3b so that the secondary heat exchanger 3c is completely immersed in the heat storage agent Y1 stored in the heat storage agent storage tank 3a. ..
- the heat storage agent Y1 stored in the heat storage agent storage tank 3a undergoes a phase change between the solid phase and the liquid phase in the operating region, and the transfer of latent heat accompanying the phase change is performed, and the heat storage agent Y1 changes in accordance with the temperature change. Sensible heat is exchanged. As transfer of these heat energies, the heat storage agent Y1 receives heat energy from the heat medium X1 in the primary heat exchanger 3b, and the heat storage agent Y1 gives heat energy to the supply medium Z1 in the secondary heat exchanger 3c.
- the amount of heat exchange in the primary heat exchanger 3b exceeds the amount of heat exchange in the secondary heat exchanger 3c,
- the heat storage to the heat storage agent Y1 in the heat storage agent storage tank 3a proceeds.
- the amount of heat collected in the solar heat collecting and collecting unit 2 decreases, and the amount of heat exchange in the primary heat exchanger 3b is less than the amount of heat exchange in the secondary heat exchanger 3c (night, sunrise, day At the time of sunken or during cloudy or rainy days), the heat storage amount of the heat storage agent Y1 in the heat storage agent storage tank 3a decreases.
- the heat storage agent Y1 repeats mutual changes between the liquid phase and the solid phase while repeating heat storage and heat dissipation.
- the heat storage agent Y1 is in a liquid state or in a slurry state in which a solid phase occurs in a range where fluidity is maintained and the liquid phase and the solid phase coexist. Controlled.
- the stirring device 3d is installed inside the heat storage agent storage tank 3a and has a stirring blade that is rotated by, for example, a motor.
- the stirring device 3d promotes the flow of the heat storage agent Y1 stored in the heat storage agent storage tank 3a.
- the stirrer 3d does not necessarily have to stir the heat storage agent Y1 stored in the heat storage agent storage tank 3a to a nearly uniform state.
- the stirring device 3d creates a flow in the heat storage agent Y1, and the heat storage agent Y1 that has changed to a solid phase is firmly fixed to the wall of the heat storage agent storage tank 3a, the heat exchangers 3b and 3c installed therein, and the like. It should work to prevent this.
- the stirring blade may be propeller-shaped, spiral-shaped, or any other blade shape used in a stirring device as long as it can effectively flow the heat storage agent Y1.
- the stirring device 3d is not limited to the rotary type, and may be a reciprocating type.
- the steam supply unit 4 includes a steam drum 4a in which a heated supply medium Z1 is stored.
- the steam drum 4a is connected to a secondary heat exchanger 3c installed in the heat storage/heat exchange section 3 by a pipe.
- the steam drum 4a is connected to a pipe for receiving the liquid replenishment medium Z from the medium circulation unit 5, a pipe for connecting to the auxiliary boiler 4b, a pipe for supplying the steam medium Z1s to the intended use, and the like. Both the inlet and the outlet of the secondary heat exchanger 3c are connected to the steam drum 4a.
- the supply medium Z1 in the steam drum 4a is supplied to the secondary heat exchanger 3c by gravity.
- the supply medium Z1 heated by the secondary heat exchanger 3c generates an ascending flow due to a decrease in specific gravity due to expansion and partial evaporation, and is supplied to the steam drum 4a. That is, a circulating flow of the supply medium Z1 is formed between the steam drum 4a and the secondary heat exchanger 3c.
- the circulation of the supply medium Z1 is basically natural convection, but if a smooth flow cannot be obtained by natural convection, a circulation pump may be provided to forcibly circulate the supply medium Z1.
- the supply medium Z1 partially evaporates by being heated by the secondary heat exchanger 3c and returns to the vapor drum 4a as a liquid accompanied by bubbles.
- the supply medium Z1 that has reached the steam drum 4a emits bubbles.
- the discharged bubbles form a layer of vapor of the supply medium (vapor medium Z1s) on the upper side in the vertical direction of the steam drum 4a, and the remaining liquid (supply medium Z1) that has emitted bubbles on the lower side of the vapor drum 4a in the vertical direction.
- a layer is formed.
- the supply medium Z1 is separated into liquid and vapor (vapor medium Z1s).
- the liquid supply medium Z1 on the lower side in the vertical direction is supplied again to the secondary heat exchanger 3c and repeatedly heated.
- the supply medium Z1 steam medium Z1s
- the supply medium Z1 steam medium Z1s
- the supply medium Z1 steam medium Z1s
- the liquid supply medium Z1 decreases. Therefore, in order to maintain the liquid ratio of the supply medium Z1 in the steam drum 4a, a new replenishment medium Z (supply medium Z1) is supplied from the medium circulation unit 5 to the steam drum 4a through the medium preheater 5b. As a result, the storage amount of the supply medium Z1 in the steam drum 4a is maintained, the supply medium Z1 becomes steam by heating, and is continuously supplied to the destination as the steam medium Z1s.
- the steam supply unit 4 is equipped with an auxiliary boiler 4b.
- the auxiliary boiler 4b heats the supply medium Z1 by burning electric power or fossil fuel.
- the auxiliary boiler 4b is activated when the supply medium Z1 cannot be sufficiently heated in the secondary heat exchanger 3c due to a temperature decrease of the heat storage agent Y1 in the heat storage agent storage tank 3a, and the auxiliary boiler 4b is supplied in place of the secondary heat exchanger 3c.
- the medium Z1 is heated.
- the liquid supply medium Z1 and the steam medium Z1s that has become steam coexist.
- the vapor (vapor medium Z1s) is in a saturated state.
- the temperature of the vapor medium Z1s that is saturated vapor is determined by the pressure in the vapor drum 4a based on the saturated vapor curve.
- a mechanism for directly controlling the pressure of the steam drum 4a may be provided so that the pressure of the steam drum 4a becomes constant.
- the medium circulation unit 5 includes a medium supply pump 5a, a medium preheater 5b, a pressure control valve 5c, a medium condenser 5d, and a medium tank 5e.
- a replenishment medium Z is stored in the medium tank 5e.
- the supply medium Z is pressurized by the medium supply pump 5a and is supplied to the secondary side of the medium preheater 5b.
- the used vapor medium Z1s recovered from the application destination is supplied to the primary side of the medium preheater 5b.
- the heat medium X1 heated by the sunlight concentrator 2a is guided to the primary heat exchanger 3b installed in the heat storage agent storage tank 3a.
- the heat of the heat medium X1 is heat-exchanged in the primary heat exchanger 3b and stored in the heat storage agent Y1.
- a secondary heat exchanger 3c is installed to transfer the heat energy stored in the heat storage agent Y1 to the supply medium Z1 to heat the supply medium Z1.
- the supply medium Z1 circulates by convection between the secondary heat exchanger 3c and the steam drum 4a. That is, the supply medium Z1 is supplied from the steam drum 4a by gravity from one side (inlet) of the secondary heat exchanger 3c, and the heated supply medium Z1 flows out from the other side (outlet) of the secondary heat exchanger 3c.
- the secondary heat exchanger 3c is arranged with a gentle gradient from the inflow side to the outflow side so that the height in the vertical direction increases.
- the supply medium Z1 that has been partially expanded by heating moves in the secondary heat exchanger 3c from the inflow side to the outflow side due to the difference in specific gravity, so that the supply medium Z1 flows.
- the supply medium Z1 returns to the steam drum 4a through a pipe connected to the outflow side of the secondary heat exchanger 3c.
- the vertically upper side of the steam drum 4a is filled with steam of the supply medium Z1 (steam medium Z1s).
- the pipe for returning the supply medium Z1 from the secondary heat exchanger 3c to the steam drum 4a is provided near the interface between the vapor and the liquid of the supply medium Z1 in the steam drum 4a so as not to hinder the flow of the supply medium Z1. It is preferably connected.
- the supply medium Z1 is circulated between the steam drum 4a and the secondary heat exchanger 3c, so that the supply medium Z1 is heated by the heat storage agent Y1 in the secondary heat exchanger 3 to generate steam.
- the steam of the supply medium Z1 is separated in the steam drum 4a and supplied to the destination as the steam medium Z1s.
- the flow of the supply medium Z1 between the steam drum 4a and the secondary heat exchanger 3c is basically by natural circulation in which the supply medium Z1 convects due to the difference in specific gravity.
- a smooth flow of the supply medium Z1 may not be ensured.
- the heat storage agent Y1 repeats heat storage and heat dissipation in the heat storage agent storage tank 3a, and the operation during this period will also be described.
- heat energy is transferred from the heat medium X1 heated by the sunlight concentrator 2a to the heat storage agent Y1, and a part of the heat storage agent Y1 existing as a solid phase in the heat storage agent Y1. Or all of them change to liquid phase.
- the heat storage agent Y1 existing as a liquid phase also obtains thermal energy, and the temperature rises from Tmin to Tmax shown in the temperature characteristics of the heat storage agent Y1 in FIG.
- the heat storage agent Y1 moves vertically upward in the heat storage agent storage tank 3a with the help of the gentle flow of the heat storage agent Y1 generated by the stirring device 3d in addition to the decrease in the specific gravity due to the temperature rise, and the secondary heat exchange. Reach vessel 3c.
- the heat storage agent Y1 that has changed to the solid phase gradually crystallizes on the surface of the secondary heat exchanger 3c, but when it grows to a certain extent, it peels off, and most of it settles due to the difference in specific gravity from the liquid and the heat storage agent storage tank 3a Deposit on the bottom.
- the convection state of the heat storage agent Y1 is preferably controlled and controlled by the stirring device 3d so that the heat storage agent Y1 is appropriately used for transfer of heat energy in the primary heat exchanger 3b and the secondary heat exchanger 3c.
- the temperature of the heat storage agent Y1 does not necessarily have to be uniform throughout the heat storage agent storage tank 3a.
- the heat storage agent Y1 supplies sensible heat and latent heat to gradually decrease the temperature in the operation area of the heat storage agent shown in FIG.
- the heating of the medium Z1 is continued.
- the operating range of the heat storage agent Y1 depends on the composition of the heat storage agent Y1 as described above, and is, for example, in the range of 150°C to 400°C.
- the proportion of latent heat in the thermal energy stored in the heat storage agent Y1 is large relative to sensible heat.
- the supply medium Z1 heated by the secondary heat exchanger 3c is supplied to the steam drum 4a, separated into steam and liquid, and then the steam (steam medium Z1s) is supplied to the destination. Then, the used vapor medium Z1s recovered from the application destination is supplied to the primary side of the medium preheater 5b and exchanges heat with the liquid supply medium Z1 (supplementary medium Z) sent from the medium supply pump 5a. .. After that, the supply medium Z1 is condensed by the medium condenser 5d through the pressure control valve 5c, becomes a liquid state (replenishment medium Z) at almost room temperature, is primarily stored in the medium tank 5e, and then is supplied by the medium supply pump 5a. It is sent out and reused.
- the recovery amount of the vapor medium Z1s is not necessarily equal to the supply amount of the replenishment medium Z depending on the usage form of the vapor medium Z1s in the intended use, and it is necessary to add a new liquid replenishment medium Z. Sometimes. In addition, it is necessary to temporarily store the supply medium Z1 as a buffer function for fluctuations in the supply amount and the recovery amount. By providing the medium tank 5e, the liquid supply medium Z1 is primarily stored and the shortage of the supplementary medium Z is received from the outside. Thereby, the circulation of the supply medium Z1 can be stabilized.
- the temperature of the vapor medium Z1s supplied to the application destination is the pressure of the system that supplies the vapor (vapor medium Z1s), that is, the pressure adjustment, based on the saturated vapor curve because the vapor and the liquid are in equilibrium in the vapor drum 4a.
- the temperature corresponds to the pressure set by the valve 5c.
- the supply medium Z1 is heat-exchanged with the heat storage agent Y1 having a temperature higher than the boiling point at the set pressure, so that the supply medium Z1 is supplied to the destination at the temperature corresponding to the set pressure.
- the steam supply device 1 is provided with an auxiliary boiler 4b.
- the auxiliary boiler 4b is started in the following cases and assists the steam supply to the intended use. The operation and operation of the auxiliary boiler 4b will be described below.
- the heat energy obtained by the solar heat collecting and collecting unit 2 is not stable. Therefore, the heating of the supply medium Z1 becomes insufficient, and the required vapor amount cannot be obtained.
- the auxiliary boiler 4b heating of the supply medium Z1 is promoted to generate steam, and the amount of steam is secured.
- the supply medium Z1 supplied from the steam drum 4a is supplied not only to the secondary heat exchanger 3c but also to the auxiliary boiler 4b, and the supply medium Z1 is heated by the heat energy obtained by combustion of the fuel.
- a part or all of the supply medium Z1 is changed to steam, and the steam of the supply medium Z1 is supplied to the destination through the steam drum 4a.
- the latent heat retained by the heat storage agent Y1 continuously decreases, Along with that, the temperature of the heat storage agent Y1 gradually decreases. If the temperature of the heat storage agent Y1 is lower than Tmin, the fluidity of the heat storage agent Y1 may be reduced, and heat transfer in the heat exchangers 3b and 3c may be hindered. In this case, heat transfer to the supply medium Z1 in the secondary heat exchanger 3c is limited, and the auxiliary boiler 4b is started to secure the amount of the vapor medium Z1s supplied to the destination.
- the heat storage agent Y1 is maintained in the operating range (the temperature between Tmax and Tmin), and it is necessary to avoid that the temperature of the heat storage agent Y1 becomes lower than Tmin due to the progress of heat dissipation. Is.
- Tmin the temperature of the heat storage agent Y1 reaches Tmin, the supply of the supply medium Z1 to the secondary heat exchanger 3c is stopped and steam is supplied by the auxiliary boiler 4b regardless of the operating conditions of the auxiliary boiler 4b illustrated above. It is preferable to switch.
- the steam supply device 1 heats the supply medium Z1 to generate steam while accumulating the heat energy obtained by the solar light collecting and collecting unit 2 in the heat storage agent Y1. .. Accordingly, even at night when the heat energy obtained from sunlight is insufficient or when the weather is bad, it is possible to generate the vapor of the supply medium Z1 by the heat energy stored in the heat storage agent Y1. It is possible to stably supply steam. Further, the heat energy obtained by the sunlight collecting and collecting unit 2 changes with the passage of time even in the daytime, but is transmitted to the supply medium Z1 passing through the secondary heat exchanger 3c through the heat storage agent Y1. Since the amount of heat to be generated is leveled and fluctuations in the amount of evaporation of the supply medium Z1 are suppressed, stable vapor supply becomes possible.
- the heat energy obtained from sunlight in the sunlight concentrator 2a is transferred to the heat storage agent Y1 via the heat medium X1 to store heat, thereby transferring the heat storage agent Y1 from the heat storage agent storage tank 3a to the outside. Instead, heat energy can be transferred.
- heat energy can be transferred.
- the heat storage agent Y1 is transferred through a pipe or the like, there is a pipe blocking problem, that is, the viscosity of the heat storage agent Y1 increases due to a temperature decrease, and the heat storage agent Y1 adheres to the inner surface of the pipe. It can be avoided that the flow of the heat storage agent Y1 in the inside is alienated and it becomes difficult to continue the operation of the steam supply device 1.
- a circulation flow of the heat storage agent Y1 is formed between the primary heat exchanger 3b and the secondary heat exchanger 3c in the heat storage agent storage tank 3a.
- the heat energy of the heat medium X1 supplied to the primary heat exchanger 3b is smoothly transferred to the supply medium Z1 supplied to the secondary heat exchanger 3c via the heat storage agent Y1.
- a part of the heat storage agent Y1 is solidified and covers the surface of the secondary heat exchanger 3c, which may hinder the transfer of heat energy.
- the temperature of the heat storage agent Y1 in the heat storage agent storage tank 3a falls below Tmin and the heat storage agent Y1 is discharged.
- an electric heater (not shown) may be provided at the bottom of the heat storage agent storage tank 3a.
- a heat medium auxiliary boiler (not shown) may be provided in parallel with the sunlight concentrator 2a. In this case, the heat medium X1 can be heated by the heat medium auxiliary boiler even when the heat energy supply from the sunlight collecting and collecting unit 2 is insufficient.
- the fluidity of the heat storage agent Y1 may be maintained by keeping the temperature of the heat storage agent Y1 in the vicinity of Tmin by an electric heater or a heat medium auxiliary boiler while the steam supply device 1 is stopped.
- the steam supply device 1A has a solar light collecting and collecting unit 2, a heat storage/heat exchange unit 3, a steam supply unit 4, a medium circulation unit 5, and
- the second solar light collecting and collecting section 6, the second heat storage/heat exchange section 7, and the second steam drum 4c are further provided.
- the second sunlight collecting and collecting unit 6, the second heat storage/heat exchange unit 7, and the second steam drum 4c (hereinafter referred to as the second system) are basically the steam described in the first embodiment.
- the configuration and operation are the same as those of the supply device 1 (hereinafter referred to as the first system).
- the steam supply device 1A causes the steam of the supply medium Z1 supplied from the first system (steam medium Z1s) and the steam of the second supply medium Z2 supplied from the second system (second steam medium Z2s). ) And are independently supplied to the intended use, it is possible to supply steam under different temperature and pressure conditions.
- the supply medium Z is stored in the common medium tank 5e, and the medium supply pump 5a and the second medium supply pump 5f are connected to the medium tank 5e.
- the medium supply pump 5a can supply the supply medium Z1 and the second medium supply pump 5f can supply the second supply medium Z2 under different pressure conditions by independent systems.
- the second medium supply pump 5f has the same structure and operation as the medium supply pump 5a
- the second medium preheater 5g has the medium preheater 5b
- the second pressure adjusting valve 5h has the same structure and operation as the pressure adjusting valve 5c. Then, detailed description is omitted.
- the second sunlight collecting and collecting unit 6 is composed of a circulation system of the heat medium X2 independent of the sunlight collecting and collecting unit 2.
- the 2nd sunlight condensing heat collecting part 6 is the same composition as the sunlight condensing heat collecting part 2 fundamentally, and is equipped with the solar condensing device 6a, the heat medium pump 6b, and the heat medium tank 6c. ing.
- the sunlight concentrator 6a obtains heat energy from sunlight to heat the heat medium X2.
- the heat medium X2 is stored in the heat medium tank 6c.
- the second heat storage/heat exchange section 7 includes a second heat storage agent storage tank 7a that stores the heat storage agent Y2 therein. Inside the second heat storage agent storage tank 7a, a primary heat exchanger 7b that guides the heat medium X2 that has passed through the sunlight concentrator 6a, a secondary heat exchanger 7c that guides the second supply medium Z2, and heat storage. A stirring device 7d for stirring the agent Y2 is provided.
- the heat storage agent Y2 is a mixed salt such as a nitrate of an alkali metal element, like the heat storage agent Y1 used in the first system.
- the heat storage agent Y2 may be a heat storage agent having a different operating range from that of the heat storage agent Y1 by utilizing the fact that the temperature at which a phase change occurs varies depending on the type of alkali metal element and the composition of the mixed salt.
- the first system and the second system can be operated under different conditions.
- the heat energy obtained by the solar light collecting and collecting unit 2 generates the vapor of the supply medium Z1 (vapor medium Z1s) to the first application destination, and the second solar light collecting and collecting unit.
- steam (vapor medium Z2s) of the second supply medium Z2 can be generated and simultaneously supplied to the second destination under different temperature and pressure conditions.
- the detailed description of the operation is the same as the content described in the first embodiment for both the first system and the second system, and thus the description is omitted.
- the heat medium X1 may be heated to a condition in which the heat storage agent Y1 can be heated to a predetermined upper limit temperature (Tmax) in the primary heat exchanger 3b of the heat storage agent storage tank 3a, and the heat medium X2 is In the primary heat exchanger 7b of the second heat storage agent storage tank 7a, it is sufficient that the heat storage agent Y2 is heated to a condition where it can be heated to a predetermined upper limit temperature (Tmax).
- the supply conditions of the heat medium X1 and the heat medium X2 can be freely set as long as the above conditions are satisfied. For example, the temperature and pressure conditions of the heat medium X1 and the heat medium X2 may be set arbitrarily.
- Water or a solvent other than water may be used as the heat medium X1 and the heat medium X2. If the heating of the heat storage agent Y1 and the heat storage agent Y2 is not hindered, the supply conditions of the heat medium X1 and the heat medium X2 may be the same, and in that case, the circulation system of the heat medium X1 and the circulation system of the heat medium X2. By making common, it is possible to omit a part of the equipment. Further, in this case, the heat energy obtained by the solar light concentrator 2a (6a) can be distributed to the heat storage agent Y1 and the heat storage agent Y2 at an appropriate ratio, and the supply medium Z1 and the second supply medium can be distributed. It is possible to effectively utilize the heat energy according to the supply condition of Z2.
- the supply medium Z1 and the second supply medium Z2 are supplied from the common medium tank 5e, but the medium tanks may be provided separately. In that case, the supply medium Z1 and the second supply medium Z2 can be operated as independent systems. For example, when water is used as a common medium and steam is supplied under the conditions of a gauge pressure of 0.5 MPa for the supply medium Z1 and 1.5 MPa for the second supply medium Z2, the saturated vapor temperature is about 160° C. for the vapor medium Z1s. , 2nd vapor medium Z2s will be about 200 degreeC.
- the medium tank 5e is provided separately for the supply medium Z1 and the second supply medium Z2
- different media such as water and a solvent other than water
- water and a solvent other than water can be used as the supply medium Z1 and the second supply medium Z2.
- a solvent having a boiling point higher than that of water it is possible to supply high-temperature steam exceeding 200° C. even at a pressure of about 1.5 MPa. Therefore, the temperature difference between the vapor medium Z1s and the second vapor medium Z2s can be increased as compared with the case where water is used as the common medium.
- the auxiliary boiler 4b is provided as in the first embodiment.
- the auxiliary boiler 4b is connected only to the second steam drum 4c.
- the role of the auxiliary boiler 4b is similar to that of the first embodiment.
- the pressure of the second steam drum 4c is set to be higher than that of the steam drum 4a, and the auxiliary steam to the steam drum 4a can be supplied from the second steam drum 4c via the steam medium pressure reducing valve 4d. ..
- auxiliary steam can be simultaneously supplied to the second steam drum 4c and the steam drum 4a by one auxiliary boiler 4b.
- auxiliary boiler 4b may be provided independently for each system. In this case, interference between the systems can be avoided, and the degree of freedom of each system increases, so that steam can be supplied under more stable temperature conditions.
- the superheated steam supply device (steam supply device) 1B in the present embodiment has a sunlight collecting and collecting unit 2, a heat storage/heat exchange unit 3, a steam supply unit 4, and a medium circulation unit 5.
- it further includes an overheat system light collecting and collecting unit 8 (second light collecting heat collecting unit) and an overheat system heat storage/heat exchange unit 9 (second heat storage/heat exchange unit).
- the configuration and operation of the superheat system light collecting and collecting unit 8 are almost the same as those of the solar light collecting and collecting unit 2.
- the superheat system heat storage agent Y3 is stored in the superheat system heat storage agent storage tank 9a of the superheat system heat storage/heat exchange section 9 in accordance with the operating region of the superheat system heat storage agent X3.
- Set supply conditions That is, the supply condition of the overheat system heat medium X3 in the heat system light collecting and collecting unit 8 is different from the supply condition of the heat medium X1 in the sunlight light collecting and collecting unit 2.
- the superheat type heat storage agent Y3 is stored inside the superheat type heat storage agent storage tank 9a. Further, inside the superheat system heat storage agent storage tank 9a, a superheat system primary heat exchanger 9b that guides the superheat system heat medium X3 that has passed through the superheat system solar concentrator 8a, and a superheat system secondary heat exchanger 9c. And a stirring device 9d that stirs the superheated heat storage agent Y3. A part of the vapor medium Z1s supplied from the vapor drum 4a to the application destination is branched and supplied to the superheat secondary heat exchanger 9c for heating. The heated vapor medium Z1s becomes superheated vapor and is supplied to the destination as the superheated vapor medium Z3s. The remaining part of the vapor medium Z1s is supplied as it is to the destination as saturated vapor (vapor medium Z1s) without passing through the superheat secondary heat exchanger 9c.
- a heat storage agent having a higher operating range than the heat storage agent Y1 may be used as the overheat system heat storage agent Y3.
- the heat storage agent Y1 and the superheat system heat storage agent Y3 do not have to have different compositions as long as the operation of the superheat system heat storage agent Y3 is possible under the condition that the overheating of the vapor medium Z1s is not hindered.
- the superheat system heating medium X3 is also heated in the overheated light collecting and collecting unit 8.
- the superheat type heat storage agent Y3 is required to operate at a higher temperature than the heat storage agent Y1. Therefore, the supply condition of the overheating system heat medium X3 is set so that the overheating system heat medium X3 is heated to a higher temperature than the heating medium X1.
- the overheating system heat medium X3 is set to a temperature higher than the upper limit of the operating region of the heat storage agent Y3.
- the superheat system heat medium X3 that has passed through the superheat system solar light collector 8a is heat-exchanged with the superheat system heat storage agent Y3 in the superheat system heat storage agent storage tank 9a.
- the operating region of the superheat system heat storage agent Y3 is set at a temperature higher than at least the temperature of the vapor medium Z1s supplied from the vapor drum 4a, that is, the temperature of the supply medium Z1 heated in the heat storage agent storage tank 3a.
- the steam supply medium Z1s is further heated by the superheat type heat storage agent Y3 and becomes superheated steam (superheated steam medium Z3s).
- the steam of the steam medium Z1s is further heated to obtain the superheated steam medium Z3s that is made into superheated steam. Therefore, the vapor medium Z1s and the superheated vapor medium Z3s can be independently supplied to the application destination.
- the used vapor medium Z1s and the superheated vapor medium Z3s are collected from the destination.
- the used vapor medium Z1s and the superheated vapor medium Z3s are merged, passed through the medium preheater 5b, the pressure control valve 5c, and the medium condenser 5d, and recovered (stored in the medium tank 5e) as a liquid supplement medium Z. It is also possible to preheat the replenishment medium Z more efficiently by utilizing the temperature difference between the saturated vapor (vapor medium Z1s) and the superheated vapor (superheated vapor medium Z3s).
- the medium preheater 5b is divided into two, and first, the replenishment medium Z sent from the medium supply pump 5a is introduced into the first medium preheater 5b to exchange heat with the recovered saturated vapor (vapor medium Z1s). Then, the supply medium Z is introduced into the second medium preheater 5b to exchange heat with the recovered superheated steam (superheated steam medium Z3s).
- the replenishment medium Z can be supplied to the steam drum 4a at a higher temperature than in the case of preheating in one stage. Therefore, it is possible to improve the thermal efficiency of the entire superheated steam supply system 1B.
- the superheated steam supply apparatus 1B of this embodiment it is possible to supply superheated steam (superheated steam medium Z3s) to the destination of the application in addition to supply of saturated steam (vapor medium Z1s).
- the steam medium Z1s may be entirely heated and supplied as the superheated steam medium Z3s to the application destination where the saturated steam is not required.
- the supply of the steam medium Z1s that is saturated steam does not affect the supply of the superheated steam medium Z3s, and stable supply of superheated steam becomes possible.
- a drying system S including the superheated steam supply device 1B of the present disclosure will be described as a fourth embodiment.
- the same components are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the drying system S of the present embodiment includes a superheated steam supply device 1B and a fluidized bed drying device 100 as shown in FIG.
- the drying system S dries the high-humidity raw material Mw (biomass, palm slag, high-moisture solid fuel represented by brown coal).
- the fluidized bed drying apparatus 100 dries while flowing the high-humidity raw material Mw.
- the fluidized bed drying apparatus 100 is supplied with a high-humidity raw material that has been pulverized to a size that allows fluidization.
- the drying device 100 includes a heating steam pipe 110, a fluidizing gas air box 103, a drying chamber 104, a drying chamber partition wall 105, a superheated vapor pressure reducing valve 111, a fluidizing gas heater 120, and a fluidizing gas blower 130.
- a plurality of heating steam pipes 110 are provided in a layer of the high-humidity raw material Mw forming a fluidized bed inside the drying chamber 104 so as to be orthogonal to the flow of the fluidizing gas N. Either the vapor medium Z1s (saturated vapor) or the superheated vapor medium Z3s is passed through the heating vapor pipe 110.
- the used vapor passing through the heating steam pipe 110 is passed through the primary side of the fluidizing gas heater 120, and the secondary side of the fluidizing gas heater 120 is used for fluidizing the high-humidity raw material Mw.
- Some of the gas is guided through the fluidizing gas blower 130.
- the gas used for fluidizing the high-humidity raw material Mw is heated by heat exchange with the used steam, and is supplied to the fluidized gas air box 103 as the fluidized gas N.
- the inert gas P is supplied to the inlet side of the fluidizing gas blower 130.
- the inert gas P is supplied to the fluidizing gas blower 130 as needed when the drying device 100 is started.
- a part of the superheated vapor medium Z3s is supplied to the fluidized gas air box 103 via the superheated vapor pressure reducing valve 111.
- the steam medium Z1s which is saturated steam obtained by heating and separating the supply medium Z1 in the steam supply unit 4, is guided to the superheat heat exchanger 9c and further heated by the superheat heat storage agent Y2.
- the superheated vapor medium Z3s is supplied to the drying device 100.
- the saturated steam (vapor medium Z1s) can also be supplied to the drying device 100 from the steam supply device 1B.
- Either the vapor medium Z1s or the superheated vapor medium Z3s is supplied to the heating vapor pipe 110 according to the operating conditions of the drying system 100. Only the superheated vapor medium Z3s is supplied to the fluidized gas air box 103.
- the high-humidity raw material Mw is dried while forming a fluidized bed.
- the fluidizing gas blower 130 is activated to circulate the gas (circulation gas R), and the circulation gas R is used to fluidize the high-humidity raw material Mw.
- the circulating gas R is delivered from the fluidizing gas blower 130, heated by the fluidizing gas heater 120, and then supplied to the fluidizing gas air box 103.
- the drying chamber 104 provided vertically above the fluidizing gas air box 103 and the fluidizing gas air box 103 are divided by a dispersion mechanism (not shown).
- the gas supplied to the fluidized gas air box 103 is dispersed by the dispersion mechanism and is injected into the drying chamber 104. Further, the dispersion mechanism prevents the high-humidity raw material Mw supplied into the drying chamber 104 from dropping into the fluidized gas air box 103.
- the fluidizing gas N used for fluidizing the high-humidity raw material Mw in the drying chamber 104 is discharged from the upper portion of the drying chamber 104.
- the fluidized gas N discharged from the drying chamber 104 contains a large amount of water evaporated from the high-humidity raw material Mw.
- An atmosphere release valve 112 is provided in a pipe connecting the drying chamber 104 and the fluidizing gas blower 130, and a part of the fluidizing gas N is discharged to the outside of the system (into the atmosphere) to circulate the fluidizing gas N in the system. Adjust the water content of.
- the remaining fluidizing gas N which has been partially released into the atmosphere from the outlet of the drying chamber 104, is guided to the fluidizing gas blower 130 as the circulating gas R and reused.
- the atmosphere release valve 112 is provided with a pressure adjusting function to keep the pressure inside the drying device 100 constant.
- the heat source for drying the high-humidity raw material Mw is steam supplied to the heating steam pipe 110 (steam medium Z1s or superheated steam medium Z3s), the circulating gas R circulated by the fluidizing gas blower 130, and the fluidizing gas wind. It is the superheated vapor medium Z3s supplied to the box 103. Either the vapor medium Z1s or the superheated vapor medium Z3s is selected and supplied to the heating vapor pipe 110 depending on the temperature required for the drying operation.
- the steam supplied to the heating steam pipe 110 directly heat-exchanges with the high-humidity raw material Mw supplied to the drying chamber 104, thereby heating the high-humidity raw material Mw and promoting evaporation of water in the high-humidity raw material Mw.
- the fluidizing gas N (circulation gas R) injected from the fluidizing gas air box 103 into the drying chamber 104 fluidizes the high-humidity raw material Mw and promotes drying by removing moisture evaporated from the high-humidity raw material Mw. To do.
- the degree of dryness of the fluidizing gas N is increased, and the moisture evaporated from the high-humidity raw material Mw by the fluidizing gas N is increased.
- the steam supplied to the heating steam pipe 110 is used for heating the high-humidity raw material Mw and then supplied to the primary side of the fluidizing gas heater 120 to heat the circulating gas R by heat exchange. As a result, the temperature of the fluidizing gas N rises and the drying is promoted.
- the drying chamber 104 is basically in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped.
- a drying chamber partition wall 105 is arranged so as to cross the horizontal long side direction of the drying chamber 104.
- a raw material supply unit 101 for supplying the high-humidity raw material Mw is provided at one end in the long side direction of the rectangular parallelepiped drying chamber 104.
- a raw material discharge unit 102 for discharging the dry raw material Md is provided at an end of the drying chamber 104 opposite to the raw material supply unit 101 in the long side direction.
- the high-humidity raw material Mw supplied from the raw material supply unit 101 moves in the drying chamber 104 while forming a fluidized bed, and reaches the raw material discharge unit 102, whereupon it overflows from the upper part of the fluidized bed to the outside of the drying chamber 100. Is discharged to.
- the raw material discharge part 102 is provided in the upper part of the drying chamber 104 in the vertical direction.
- the height of the fluidized bed of the high-humidity raw material Mw in the drying chamber 104 is determined by the position of the raw material discharge part 102.
- the high-humidity raw material Mw is pulverized and supplied in advance to a size suitable for fluidization in order to form a fluidized bed in the drying chamber 104.
- the crushed high-humidity raw material Mw is continuously supplied from the raw material supply port 101 at a constant flow rate.
- the high-humidity raw material Mw supplied into the drying chamber 104 forms a fluidized bed in the drying chamber 104.
- the drying chamber 104 is divided into a plurality of sections by a drying chamber partition wall 105, and the fluidizing gas N is supplied to the respective sections from the bottom.
- An opening for allowing the high-humidity raw material Mw to pass through is provided at the upper part or the lower part of the drying chamber partition wall 105. Through this opening, the high-humidity raw material Mw sequentially moves to the adjacent section, and a fluidized bed is formed in the entire drying chamber 104.
- the high-humidity raw material Mw supplied from the raw material supply unit 101 is gradually dried in a plurality of compartments provided in the drying chamber 104 while forming a fluidized bed, and reaches the compartment where the raw material discharge unit 102 is provided. In the meantime, the drying proceeds to a predetermined water content. After that, the high-humidity raw material Mw that has been dried to a predetermined water content is discharged as a dry raw material Md from the raw material discharge section 102 to the outside of the drying chamber 104 by overflow.
- the inside of the drying chamber 104 is set to almost atmospheric pressure.
- the temperature inside the drying chamber 104 is controlled to sufficiently exceed 100°C.
- the high-humidity raw material Mw is often a raw material such as biomass or brown coal that has a property of easily igniting spontaneously as the drying progresses. Therefore, it is not preferable that the fluidized gas N contains oxygen having a combustion supporting property. Therefore, the use of air as the fluidizing gas N should be avoided, for example, an inert gas is used as the fluidizing gas N. Nitrogen is a typical inert gas, but the gas production cost becomes a problem for continuous use.
- superheated steam (dry steam) is used as the fluidizing gas N.
- the temperature in the drying chamber 104 may be 100° C. or lower, and water vapor may be condensed. Therefore, the inert gas P is supplied and used for fluidizing the high-humidity raw material Mw until the temperature in the drying chamber 104 becomes sufficiently high.
- the inside of the drying chamber 104 is divided into four sections, and after the high-humidity raw material Mw is supplied to the first section, the drying chamber partition wall 105 is moved to the upper side, the lower side, and the upper side in this order. , And is discharged from the upper part of the most downstream section (fourth section).
- the number of sections, the position (upper side, lower side) where the high-humidity raw material Mw passes through the drying chamber partition wall 105, etc. are arbitrarily set, and are not limited to those in FIG. 7.
- the saturated steam (vapor medium Z1s) and the superheated steam (superheated vapor medium Z3s) flow using the stored heat energy.
- the high-humidity raw material Mw can be continuously and stably dried by being supplied to the layer drying apparatus 100 throughout the day and night.
- water is generally used as the replenishment medium Z, but other fluids may be heated and supplied as a supply medium.
- the heat medium used in the sunlight concentrating device is not limited to water, and oil or the like may be used. In this case, by using a fluid having a boiling point higher than that of water as the heat medium, it is possible to bring the heat medium to a higher temperature than water without pressurizing.
- the shape of the sunlight concentrator 2a is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment as long as it condenses sunlight and heats the fluid (heat medium).
- the drying system S using the fluidized bed drying apparatus 100 that fluidizes and dries the high-humidity raw material Mw as the application destination has been described.
- the application of the present disclosure is not limited.
- saturated steam or superheated steam may be utilized as a heat source for chemical processes.
- the steam itself may be used as the chemical raw material.
- saturated steam or superheated steam may be used as a power source for driving the steam turbine. Saturated steam or superheated steam may be supplied to various destinations.
- the steam supply device may not be provided with the auxiliary boiler 4b.
- an auxiliary boiler may be provided for each type of steam.
- the present disclosure can be applied to a steam supply device that collects sunlight and uses it as a heat source.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2019年2月14日に日本に出願された特願2019-024650号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
以下、図面を参照して、本開示に係る蒸気供給装置の第1実施形態について説明する。
また、図2の例で、Tmaxから相変化が始まる274℃までについては、蓄熱剤に顕熱として蓄えられた熱のみが利用されるため、放熱が進むにつれて、温度が大きく低下する。一方、274℃からTminまでは、蓄熱剤の相変化に伴う潜熱が主に使われる。この領域は、放熱が進んでも温度変化が小さいのが特徴であり、供給媒体を加熱して蒸気を発生させるうえでは、このような特徴を持つ潜熱の利用が好ましい。一方、蒸気をさらに加熱して過熱蒸気とするには、高温を必要とする反面、熱量を多く必要とせず、Tmaxに近い領域が利用できる。TmaxとTminは、こういった蓄熱剤の特徴を考慮して設定するのが好ましい。TmaxとTminの温度領域を、以下「蓄熱剤の作動域」、あるいは単に「作動域」と略す。
被加熱物は、伝熱管内を通過する間に加熱される。加熱に要する時間を考慮し、伝熱管はある程度の長さが必要であり、反射鏡も、伝熱管と並行する横長の形状が一般的である。太陽光集光装置の一例を示して、具体的な構成や作動について、以下に説明するが、実際に製造される太陽光集光装置は、以下に示す例に限定されない。
太陽光集光装置200は、大きく分けて、集光加熱部210と、支持装置220とを備える。集光加熱部210は、主集光鏡211、副集光鏡212、及び接続金具213を有する太陽光を集光する部分と、集光した太陽光が集まる直線上に設けられる熱媒加熱管214と、を備える。支持装置220は、集光加熱部210を支える役割だけでなく、太陽光を最大限反射して集光できるよう、方位角(水平方向の角度)、及び仰角(上下角)を調整する機能を持つ。
供給媒体Z1は、蓄熱剤Y1により加熱され、一部が蒸気となる。蒸気供給部4において、加熱され一部が蒸気となった供給媒体Z1は、液体と蒸気(蒸気媒体Z1s)に分離され、分離された蒸気媒体Z1sは、最終的に用途先へ供給され、ここで熱エネルギが消費される。熱エネルギを用途先まで運搬して役割を終えた蒸気媒体Z1sは基本的には回収され、冷却、凝縮されて、補給媒体Zとして再利用される。
以上は、第1実施形態について記載したが、他の実施形態についても、基本的には、第1実施形態に対して、適宜、変更を加えたものとなっている。
蒸気供給装置1において、太陽光集光装置2aにより加熱された熱媒X1は、蓄熱剤貯留槽3a内に設置された一次熱交換器3bへと案内される。熱媒X1の熱は、一次熱交換器3bにおいて熱交換され、蓄熱剤Y1に蓄熱される。
二次熱交換器3cは、流入側から流出側へ向けて、なだらかな勾配で、鉛直方向の高さが増すよう傾斜して配置される。加熱によって一部蒸気をともない、膨張した供給媒体Z1が比重差により、二次熱交換器3c内を流入側から流出側へ向かって移動することで供給媒体Z1の流れが生じる。供給媒体Z1は、二次熱交換器3cの流出側に接続された配管を通じ、蒸気ドラム4aへ戻る。蒸気ドラム4aの鉛直方向上側は供給媒体Z1の蒸気(蒸気媒体Z1s)で満たされている。二次熱交換器3cより供給媒体Z1を蒸気ドラム4aへ戻すための配管は、供給媒体Z1の流れを妨げないようにするため、蒸気ドラム4a内の供給媒体Z1の蒸気と液体の界面付近に接続されるのが好ましい。
一次熱交換器3bでは、太陽光集光装置2aで加熱された熱媒X1より蓄熱剤Y1へ熱エネルギが伝えられ、蓄熱剤Y1のうち、固相として存在していた蓄熱剤Y1の一部または全部が、液相に変化する。さらに、液相として存在する蓄熱剤Y1も熱エネルギを得て、図2の蓄熱剤Y1の温度特性に示すTminからTmaxへ向けて温度が上昇する。蓄熱剤Y1は、温度上昇にともなう比重低下に加え、撹拌装置3dにより発生する緩やかな蓄熱剤Y1の流れの助けを得て蓄熱剤貯留槽3a内で鉛直方向上方へ移動し、二次熱交換器3cに達する。
蓄熱剤Y1の温度がTminに達したときには、上に例示した補助ボイラ4bの作動条件に関わらず、二次熱交換器3cへの供給媒体Z1の供給を停止し、補助ボイラ4bによる蒸気供給に切り替えるのが好ましい。
また、太陽光集光収熱部2で得られる熱エネルギは、日中においても時間経過とともに変化するが、蓄熱剤Y1を介することにより、二次熱交換器3cを通過する供給媒体Z1に伝えられる熱量が平準化されて、供給媒体Z1の蒸発量の変動が抑えられるため、安定した蒸気供給が可能となる。
さらに、蒸気供給装置1を長期間停止する場合、再起動を円滑に行うため、蓄熱剤Y1の固化を避ける必要がある。そのため、蒸気供給装置1の停止期間中、電気ヒータや熱媒補助ボイラにより、蓄熱剤Y1の温度を、Tmin近傍に保つことにより蓄熱剤Y1の流動性を維持してもよい。
第1実施形態の蒸気供給装置1の変形例を第2実施形態として説明する。なお、同一の構成については符号を同一とし、説明を省略する。
作動に関する詳細な説明は、第1の系統、第2の系統とも、第1実施形態で説明した内容と同じであるため、説明を省略する。
例えば、水を共通媒体として、それぞれゲージ圧で供給媒体Z1を0.5MPa、第2供給媒体Z2を1.5MPaという条件で蒸気供給をする場合、飽和蒸気温度は、蒸気媒体Z1sがおおよそ160℃、第2蒸気媒体Z2sがおおよそ200℃となる。
なお、前記の説明は、蒸気供給装置1Aの第1の系統(蒸気媒体Z1sを供給する)と第2の系統(蒸気媒体Z2sを供給する)を、1つの補助ボイラ4bで賄うことを前提としているが、もちろん、それぞれの系統に補助ボイラを独立して設けてもよい。この場合、系統間の干渉を避けることができ、それぞれの系統の自由度が増すので、より安定した温度条件での蒸気供給が可能になる。
第1実施形態の蒸気供給装置1の変形例を第3実施形態として説明する。なお、同一の構成については符号を同一とし、説明を省略する。
過熱系蓄熱剤Y3の作動域は、少なくとも蒸気ドラム4aより供給される、蒸気媒体Z1sの温度、すなわち、蓄熱剤貯留槽3aにおいて加熱される供給媒体Z1の温度より高温に設定される。これにより、供蒸気媒体Z1sは、過熱系蓄熱剤Y3により、さらに加熱され、過熱蒸気(過熱蒸気媒体Z3s)となる。
なお、飽和蒸気が必要ない用途先には、蒸気媒体Z1sを全量加熱し、過熱蒸気媒体Z3sとして供給してもよい。全量を過熱蒸気(過熱蒸気媒体Z3s)として供給することで、飽和蒸気である蒸気媒体Z1sの供給による、過熱蒸気媒体Z3sの供給への影響がなくなり、安定した過熱蒸気の供給が可能になる。
本開示の過熱蒸気供給装置1Bを備える乾燥システムSについて第4実施形態として説明する。なお、同一の構成については符号を同一とし、説明を省略する。
流動層乾燥装置100においては、高湿原料Mwが流動層を形成しながら乾燥される。流動化ガスブロワ130を起動してガス(循環ガスR)を循環させ、この循環ガスRを用いて高湿原料Mwを流動化させる。循環ガスRは、流動化ガスブロワ130より送出され、流動化ガス加熱器120で加熱された後、流動化ガス風箱103へ供給される。流動化ガス風箱103の鉛直方向上方に設けた乾燥室104と、流動化ガス風箱103とは、不図示の分散機構により分割されている。流動化ガス風箱103へ供給されたガスは、分散機構により分散されて、乾燥室104内に噴射される。また、分散機構により、乾燥室104内に供給される高湿原料Mwが流動化ガス風箱103へ落下するのを防止する。乾燥室104内で高湿原料Mwの流動化に利用された流動化ガスNは、乾燥室104の上部より排出される。
1A 蒸気供給装置
1B 過熱蒸気供給装置(蒸気供給装置)
2 太陽光集光収熱部
2a 太陽光集光装置
2b 熱媒ポンプ
2c 熱媒タンク
3 蓄熱・熱交換部
3a 蓄熱剤貯留槽
3b 一次熱交換器
3c 二次熱交換器
3d 撹拌装置
4 蒸気供給部
4a 蒸気ドラム
4b 補助ボイラ
4b1 補助ボイラ
4c 第2蒸気ドラム
4d 蒸気媒体減圧弁
5 媒体循環部
5a 媒体供給ポンプ
5b 媒体予熱器
5c 圧力調節弁
5d 媒体凝縮器
5e 媒体タンク
5f 第2媒体供給ポンプ
6 第2太陽光集光収熱部
6a 太陽光集光装置
6b 熱媒ポンプ
6c 熱媒タンク
7 第2蓄熱・熱交換部
7a 第2蓄熱剤貯留槽
7b 一次熱交換器
7c 二次熱交換器
7d 撹拌装置
8 過熱系集光収熱部(第2集光収熱部)
8a 過熱系太陽光集光装置
9 過熱系蓄熱・熱交換部(第2蓄熱・熱交換部)
9a 過熱系蓄熱剤貯留槽
9b 過熱系一次熱交換器
9c 過熱系二次熱交換器
9d 撹拌装置
100 流動層乾燥装置
101 原料供給部
102 原料排出部
103 流動化ガス風箱
104 乾燥室
105 乾燥室隔壁
110 過熱用蒸気管
111 過熱蒸気減圧弁
112 大気放出弁
120 流動化ガス熱交換器
130 流動化ガスブロワ
200 太陽光集光装置
210 集光加熱部
211 主集光鏡
212 副集光鏡
213 接続金具
214 熱媒加熱管
220 支持装置
221 主柱
222 方位角調節装置
223 仰角調節装置
230 ソーラフィールド
Md 乾燥原料
Mw 高湿原料
N 流動化ガス
P 不活性ガス
R 循環ガス
S 乾燥システム
Tmax 上限温度
Tmin 下限温度
X1 熱媒
X2 熱媒
X3 過熱系熱媒
Y1 蓄熱剤
Y2 蓄熱剤
Y3 過熱系蓄熱剤
Z 補給媒体
Z1 供給媒体
Z1s 蒸気媒体
Z2 第2供給媒体
Z2s 蒸気媒体
Z3s 過熱蒸気媒体
Claims (9)
- 太陽光を集光し、収熱して熱エネルギを得る太陽光集光収熱部と、
前記太陽光集光収熱部で得られた熱エネルギにより内部に貯留される蓄熱剤を加熱して前記蓄熱剤に蓄熱すると共に、前記蓄熱剤に蓄熱された熱エネルギにより供給媒体を加熱する蓄熱・熱交換部と、
前記蓄熱・熱交換部において前記供給媒体を加熱して得られる前記供給媒体の蒸気を供給する蒸気供給部と、
を備える蒸気供給装置。 - 前記太陽光集光収熱部は、太陽光を集光して得られる熱エネルギにより熱媒を加熱し、
前記蓄熱・熱交換部は、前記熱エネルギにより加熱された前記熱媒により前記蓄熱剤を加熱する請求項1記載の蒸気供給装置。 - 前記太陽光集光収熱部は、複数の太陽光集光収熱部を備え、
前記蓄熱・熱交換部は、複数の蓄熱・熱交換部を備え、
それぞれの前記複数の太陽光集光収熱部で得られた熱エネルギにより、対応する前記複数の蓄熱・熱交換部に貯留される蓄熱剤を加熱して前記蓄熱剤に蓄熱すると共に、前記蓄熱剤に蓄熱された熱エネルギにより前記供給媒体を加熱し、
前記蒸気供給部は、複数の異なる条件で、前記複数の蓄熱・熱交換部のそれぞれにおいて前記供給媒体を加熱して得られる前記供給媒体の蒸気を供給する請求項1または2記載の蒸気供給装置。 - 前記複数の蓄熱・熱交換部の第1蓄熱・熱交換部において前記供給媒体を加熱して得られる前記供給媒体の第1蒸気の一部を、前記複数の蓄熱・熱交換部の第2蓄熱・熱交換部において加熱することにより、前記第1蒸気より温度が高い前記供給媒体の過熱蒸気を得る請求項3記載の蒸気供給装置。
- 前記供給媒体を加熱する補助ボイラを更に備える請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の蒸気供給装置。
- 前記蓄熱・熱交換部は、前記蓄熱剤を撹拌する撹拌装置を備える請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の蒸気供給装置。
- 前記蓄熱剤に蓄熱された熱エネルギを利用して、太陽光からの熱エネルギが得られない時間帯においても、前記供給媒体を加熱することにより、連続して前記供給媒体の蒸気を供給することを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の蒸気供給装置。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の蒸気供給装置と、
前記蒸気供給装置から供給される前記供給媒体の蒸気を熱源とし、高湿原料を流動させつつ乾燥させる流動層乾燥装置と、
を備える乾燥システム。 - 請求項4に記載の蒸気供給装置と、
前記蒸気供給装置から供給される前記供給媒体の蒸気を熱源とし、前記過熱蒸気を用いて高湿原料を流動させつつ乾燥させる流動層乾燥装置と、
を備えることを特徴とする乾燥システム。
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DE102012024526A1 (de) * | 2012-12-14 | 2014-06-18 | Witt Solar Ag | Solarthermisches Wärmespeicherkraftwerk |
JP2014138522A (ja) * | 2013-01-18 | 2014-07-28 | Japan Aerospace Technology Foundation | 発電システム |
JP2017520722A (ja) * | 2014-04-11 | 2017-07-27 | 武▲漢凱▼迪工程技▲術▼研究▲総▼院有限公司 | 太陽エネルギ及びバイオマスエネルギ一体型発電最適化結合システム |
JP2016095114A (ja) * | 2014-11-17 | 2016-05-26 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | 太陽熱集光装置及び太陽熱集光システム |
WO2017057260A1 (ja) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-04-06 | 日立造船株式会社 | 蒸気発生装置 |
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AU2020223611B2 (en) | 2023-05-11 |
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