WO2020162049A1 - 化合物及びリチウム含有膜の製造方法 - Google Patents
化合物及びリチウム含有膜の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020162049A1 WO2020162049A1 PCT/JP2019/049411 JP2019049411W WO2020162049A1 WO 2020162049 A1 WO2020162049 A1 WO 2020162049A1 JP 2019049411 W JP2019049411 W JP 2019049411W WO 2020162049 A1 WO2020162049 A1 WO 2020162049A1
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- lithium
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical group [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical group [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- UKODFQOELJFMII-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethyldiethylenetriamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)CCN(C)C UKODFQOELJFMII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005019 vapor deposition process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- DIHKMUNUGQVFES-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n,n',n'-tetraethylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCN(CC)CC DIHKMUNUGQVFES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- DMQSHEKGGUOYJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n,n',n'-tetramethylpropane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCN(C)C DMQSHEKGGUOYJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004294 cyclic thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 14
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 12
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 9
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- JUXXCHAGQCBNTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,1-n,2-n,2-n-tetramethylpropane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)CN(C)C JUXXCHAGQCBNTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- -1 alkyl phosphate Chemical compound 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium butane Chemical compound [Li+].CCC[CH2-] DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Butyllithium Substances [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000013058 crude material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AFRJJFRNGGLMDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium amide Chemical compound [Li+].[NH2-] AFRJJFRNGGLMDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002900 organolithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000391 spectroscopic ellipsometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl sulfide Chemical compound CSC QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012230 colorless oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl ether Chemical compound CCCOCCC POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium metasilicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052912 lithium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004518 low pressure chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WXEHBUMAEPOYKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl ethyl thioether Natural products CCSC WXEHBUMAEPOYKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ITWBWJFEJCHKSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4,7-triazonane Chemical compound C1CNCCNCCN1 ITWBWJFEJCHKSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100407084 Caenorhabditis elegans parp-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100037709 Desmocollin-3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101000968042 Homo sapiens Desmocollin-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000880960 Homo sapiens Desmocollin-3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019502 Orange oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004200 TaSiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005073 adamantyl group Chemical group C12(CC3CC(CC(C1)C3)C2)* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052454 barium strontium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004369 butenyl group Chemical group C(=CCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000480 butynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001047 cyclobutenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000596 cyclohexenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002433 cyclopentenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- WDIIYWASEVHBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N di(propan-2-yl)phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)PC(C)C WDIIYWASEVHBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- QRXWMOHMRWLFEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoniazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 QRXWMOHMRWLFEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LZWQNOHZMQIFBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-methylpropan-2-olate Chemical compound [Li+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LZWQNOHZMQIFBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002568 propynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002345 surface coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013076 target substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005671 trienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0421—Methods of deposition of the material involving vapour deposition
- H01M4/0428—Chemical vapour deposition
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/50—Organo-phosphines
- C07F9/5045—Complexes or chelates of phosphines with metallic compounds or metals
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/30—Alkali metal phosphates
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- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
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- C01B33/32—Alkali metal silicates
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
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- C01D15/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
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- C07F1/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
- C07F1/02—Lithium compounds
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- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F19/00—Metal compounds according to more than one of main groups C07F1/00 - C07F17/00
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- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/10—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages containing nitrogen having a Si-N linkage
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/06—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material
- C23C16/18—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material from metallo-organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/40—Oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
- C23C16/45553—Atomic layer deposition [ALD] characterized by the use of precursors specially adapted for ALD
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
- C23C16/45555—Atomic layer deposition [ALD] applied in non-semiconductor technology
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a compound and a lithium-containing film.
- the lithium-containing thin film is widely used as a surface coating layer for electrode materials in lithium-ion battery applications.
- SEI solid electrolyte interface
- the loss of capacity of lithium-ion batteries is due to the consumption of lithium.
- the SEI layer formed is non-uniform and unstable, cracks and dendrites can appear, which can cause thermal runaway.
- the SEI layer also creates a barrier potential that makes intercalation (insertion) into the electrodes more difficult.
- Lithium-containing thin films are very promising candidates as protective electrode coatings because of their good conductivity and high electrochemical stability.
- lithium-containing thin films Another important use of lithium-containing thin films is in the formation of solid electrolyte materials used in solid state batteries.
- Solid-state batteries are solvent-free systems, have longer life, faster charge times, and higher energy density than conventional lithium-ion batteries. They are considered the next technological step in battery development.
- Lithium-containing thin film solid electrolytes such as lithium phosphate, lithium borate and lithium borate are deposited by ALD/CVD techniques. Uniform and conformal lithium-containing thin films can be obtained even on complex structures such as 3D batteries.
- the conventional lithium compounds for forming a lithium thin film have the following problems.
- lithium compounds exist as various aggregates in solution and in the solid state. These molecules generally have a multimeric structure, typically trimers or tetramers, leading to high molecular weights, high melting points and low volatility.
- n-BuLi is a tetramer in diethyl ether and a hexamer in cyclohexane. If the lithium compound is less volatile and therefore needs to be heated to higher temperatures, it will heat only the rapidly delivered portion. The remaining lithium compound is retained in the "mother tank” at ambient conditions. In that case, it is important to supply the remaining lithium compound to the tank heated at high temperature in a practical manner.
- delivering solids at a stable feed rate is challenging, considering their morphological changes. Typically, small particles have a high surface bulk ratio and are consumed faster than larger particles. Conversely, particles may coalesce and potentially destabilize the feed rate.
- liquid and volatile lithium compounds are required.
- the liquid state allows the flow rate to be accurately measured and/or controlled, and the transfer filling through the tank can be performed by a simple valve opening.
- one of the well known lithium compounds is an organolithium compound such as an alkyllithium and a lithium amide, which are usually highly reactive, moisture sensitive and in some cases pyrophoric species ( Pyrophoric species). These usually require special safety measures, as can be seen from their commercial availability in solution.
- organolithium compound such as an alkyllithium and a lithium amide
- pyrophoric species Pyrophoric species
- known ALD/CVD processes for forming lithium-containing thin films typically proceed at temperatures between 250°C and 350°C. These temperatures are acceptable if the deposition occurs on a component such as a powder of active material. These temperatures are not suitable for deposition on temperature sensitive materials such as lithium ion battery electrodes.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a compound having a low melting point, improved volatility, and excellent thermal stability, and a method for producing a lithium-containing film.
- the present invention relates in one embodiment to a compound represented by the following formula (1).
- A is a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom, a boron atom or an aluminum atom.
- E 1 and E 2 are each independently a carbon atom, a silicon atom, a germanium atom or a tin atom.
- R 1 to R 6 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in which a constituent atom may be substituted with a hetero atom. However, there is no case where all of R 1 to R 6 are hydrogen atoms.
- D is a monodentate or polydentate neutral ligand structure.
- x is an integer of 0 or 1 or more
- y is an integer of 1 or more.
- A is a nitrogen atom and none of the carbon atoms constituting R 1 to R 6 is substituted by the hetero atom
- x is a number of 1 or more
- y is a number of 1 or more. ..
- there are a plurality of A, E 1 , E 2 and R 1 to R 6 they may be the same or different from each other.
- the compound represented by the above formula (1) (hereinafter, also referred to as “compound (1)”) has a low melting point, high volatility, and excellent thermal stability as compared with conventional lithium compounds. .. This enables a vapor deposition process at a lower temperature, and enables a lithium-containing film to be formed efficiently even on a temperature-sensitive material such as a lithium-ion battery electrode. Although the reason why these characteristics are obtained is not clear, it is presumed as follows. By introducing a bulky specific ligand or substituent to the lithium atom, the coordination sphere of the compound (1) (space that can participate in coordination around the compound) becomes more saturated, and the compound (1) It exerts a retarding effect on the oligomerization of each other. It is considered that this lowers the melting point of the compound (1) and exhibits volatility. Furthermore, the bulkiness provides the structural stability of the compound (1), which is considered to lead to the thermal stability. However, the present invention is not bound by these theories.
- the compound is preferably represented by the following formula (i).
- R 11 to R 16 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in which a constituent atom may be substituted with a hetero atom. , R 11 to R 16 are not all hydrogen atoms.
- D 1 is a bidentate or tridentate neutral ligand structure.
- x1 and y1 are each independently an integer of 1 or more.
- compound (i) since a chelate structure with a bulkier polydentate ligand is introduced, a low melting point, high volatility, and It is preferable in that the thermal stability is improved.
- R 11 to R 16 are all methyl groups
- D 1 is 1,2-diethoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine, N,N,N′,N′-tetraethylethylenediamine, N,N,N′,N '-Tetramethyl-1,3-diaminopropane or N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, It is preferable that x1 and y1 are 1.
- the compound is preferably represented by the following formula (ii).
- E 1 and E 2 have the same meaning as in the formula (1).
- Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- R 21 to R 28 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in which a constituent atom may be substituted with a hetero atom. However, there is no case where all of R 21 to R 28 are hydrogen atoms.
- D 2 is a monodentate or bidentate neutral ligand structure.
- x2 is 0 or an integer of 1 or more, and y2 is an integer of 1 or more.
- the compound represented by the above formula (ii) (hereinafter, also referred to as “compound (ii)”) employs a phosphorus-containing ligand as a neutral donor for imparting electronic and steric properties. ..
- the compound (ii) can exhibit excellent low melting point, high volatility and thermal stability, and can introduce a phosphorus atom into the phosphorus-containing film, and can be applied to a solid electrolyte for a solid battery. It will be possible.
- E 1 and E 2 are carbon atoms or silicon atoms
- Z 1 and Z 2 are a methylene group or an ethylene group
- R 21 , R 22 , R 27 and R 28 are a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an i-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an i-butyl group or a t-butyl group
- R 22 to R 26 are a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group
- D 2 is a chain or cyclic ether, a chain or cyclic thioether, or a tertiary amine
- x2 is 0 or 1
- y2 is 1.
- the compound (ii) When the compound (ii) has the above structure specifically, it can exhibit a low melting point, high volatility and thermal stability at a high level.
- the compound is preferably represented by the following formula (iii).
- a 3 is a phosphorus atom, a boron atom or an aluminum atom.
- E 1 and E 2 have the same meaning as in the above formula (1).
- R 31 to R 36 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in which a constituent atom may be substituted with a hetero atom. However, there is no case where all of R 31 to R 36 are hydrogen atoms.
- D 3 is a monodentate or bidentate neutral ligand structure. x3 is 0 or an integer of 1 or more, and y2 is an integer of 1 or more. )
- compound (iii) can exhibit a low melting point, high volatility and thermal stability at a high level by introducing a bulky ligand. it can.
- introduction of phosphorus atom, boron atom or aluminum atom is also expected to develop into a solid electrolyte for a solid battery.
- a 3 is a phosphorus atom
- E 1 and E 2 are silicon atoms
- R 31 to R 36 are a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group or an i-propyl group
- D 3 is N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine, N,N,N′,N′-tetraethylethylenediamine, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,3-diaminopropane Or N,N,N′,N′′,N′′-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, It is preferable that x3 is 0 or 1, and y3 is 1.
- the compound (iii) When the compound (iii) has the above structure specifically, it can exhibit a low melting point, high volatility and thermal stability at a high level.
- the compounds (1) and (i) to (iii) are liquid at 25° C. or have a vapor pressure of 25° C.
- the temperature showing 133.3 Pa is preferably 100° C. or lower. This allows the compound to exist as a liquid at room temperature or as a solid with a low melting point, and the vapor deposition process for forming the lithium-containing film can be efficiently performed at low temperature.
- thermogravimetric analysis of the compound it is preferable that there is a region where the weight loss is 95% or more at 300° C. or less. Accordingly, most of the compound volatilizes stably in the above temperature range, and thus it is possible to suppress the generation of a residue after the reaction and the decomposition of the compound after volatilization to generate a residue. That is, the weight loss property allows the compound to exhibit excellent thermal stability.
- the compound can be preferably used for thin film vapor deposition due to the above properties.
- the present invention in one embodiment, comprises providing a reaction chamber having at least one substrate disposed therein, Introducing a gas containing the vaporized compound into the reaction chamber, and forming a lithium-containing film on at least a part of the surface of the substrate by a vapor deposition process of bringing the gas into contact with the substrate.
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a lithium-containing film.
- the production method uses the above-mentioned compounds having a low melting point, improved volatility, and thermal stability, so that they can be transferred without condensation. In addition, the generation of residues during the process can be suppressed. As a result, the deposition of the lithium-containing film can be performed efficiently and stably at a lower temperature than in the conventional case.
- a vapor deposition process at a low temperature of 200° C. or lower becomes possible.
- the abbreviation “Me” is a methyl group
- the abbreviation “Et” is an ethyl group
- the abbreviation “Pr” is an n-propyl group (linear propyl group)
- the abbreviation “iPr” is an isopropyl group (i-propyl).
- Group) and the abbreviation “tBu” mean a tertiary butyl group (t-butyl group), respectively.
- FIG. 3 shows the weight change with respect to temperature at atmospheric pressure in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA, atm, m: 14.72 mg, 10° C./min) of LiN(SiMe 3 ) 2 (TMEDA).
- TGA thermogravimetric analysis
- 2 shows the weight change with respect to temperature at atmospheric pressure in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA, at, m: 28.77 mg, 10° C./min m) of LiN(SiMe 3 ) 2 (1,2-bis(dimethylamino)propane).
- TGA thermogravimetric analysis
- the position-thickness relationship for the formation of a lithium oxide film formed at 150° C. is shown.
- the position-thickness relationship for forming a lithium oxide film formed at 200° C. is shown.
- the position-thickness relationship for forming a lithium phosphate film formed at 150° C. is shown.
- the position-thickness relationship for the formation of a lithium phosphate film formed at 200° C. is shown.
- A is a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom, a boron atom or an aluminum atom.
- E 1 and E 2 are each independently a carbon atom, a silicon atom, a germanium atom or a tin atom.
- R 1 to R 6 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in which a constituent atom may be substituted with a hetero atom. However, there is no case where all of R 1 to R 6 are hydrogen atoms.
- D is a monodentate or polydentate neutral ligand structure.
- x is an integer of 0 or 1 or more
- y is an integer of 1 or more.
- A is a nitrogen atom and none of the carbon atoms constituting R 1 to R 6 is substituted by the hetero atom
- x is a number of 1 or more
- y is a number of 1 or more. ..
- there are a plurality of A, E 1 , E 2 and R 1 to R 6 they may be the same or different from each other.
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in which the constituent atom may be substituted with a hetero atom at least one of the carbon atom and the hydrogen atom constituting the hydrocarbon group is substituted with a hetero atom other than both atoms. Included groups.
- the hetero atom include nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, phosphorus atom, boron atom, sulfur atom, halogen atom (chlorine atom, fluorine atom, iodine atom, bromine atom) and the like.
- hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms examples include a chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms. And the aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- Examples of the chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms include, for example, Alkyl groups such as methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, i-propyl group, n-butyl group, 2-methylpropyl group, 1-methylpropyl group, t-butyl group; Alkenyl groups such as ethenyl group, propenyl group, butenyl group; Examples thereof include alkynyl groups such as ethynyl group, propynyl group and butynyl group.
- Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms include monocyclic cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group and cyclohexyl group; A polycyclic cycloalkyl group such as a norbornyl group, an adamantyl group or a tricyclodecyl group; Cycloalkenyl groups such as cyclopropenyl group, cyclobutenyl group, cyclopentenyl group, cyclohexenyl group; Examples thereof include polycyclic cycloalkenyl groups such as norbornenyl group and tricyclodecenyl group.
- Examples of the monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms include, for example, Examples thereof include aryl groups such as phenyl group, tolyl group, xylyl group and naphthyl group; aralkyl groups such as benzyl group and phenethyl group.
- the monodentate or polydentate neutral ligand structure is not particularly limited, and monodentate or polydentate neutral coordination known in the art such as ethers, thioethers, amines and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
- a child structure can be adopted.
- Specific examples of the monodentate neutral ligand structure include tetrahydrofuran (THF), dioxane, pyridine, pyrrole, imidazole, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, dipropyl ether, di-propyl ether, dimethyl thioether, diethyl. Examples thereof include thioether, methyl ethyl thioether, cyclopentadiene and the like.
- bidentate neutral ligand structure examples include 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), 1,2-diethoxyethane, bipyridine, diene, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine. (TMEDA), N,N,N′,N′-tetraethylethylenediamine (TEEDA), 1,2-bis(dimethylamino)propane and the like.
- tridentate neutral ligand structure include triene, diglyme (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether), N,N,N′,N′′,N′′-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDTA), and the like.
- the compound (1) is preferably represented by the following formula (i).
- R 11 to R 16 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in which a constituent atom may be substituted with a hetero atom. , R 11 to R 16 are not all hydrogen atoms.
- D 1 is a bidentate or tridentate neutral ligand structure.
- x1 and y1 are each independently an integer of 1 or more.
- the same group as the group in the compound (1) can be preferably adopted.
- the bidentate or tridentate neutral ligand structure is not particularly limited, but a bidentate or tridentate neutral ligand structure in the compound (1) is preferably mentioned.
- R 11 to R 16 are all methyl groups
- D 1 is 1,2-diethoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine, N,N,N′,N′-tetraethylethylenediamine, 1,2-bis(dimethylamino) ) Propane or N,N,N',N",N"-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, It is preferable that x1 and y1 are 1.
- the compound (i) include LiN(SiMe 3 ) 2 (1,2-diethoxyethane), LiN(SiMe 3 ) 2 (diglyme), LiN(SiMe 3 ) 2 (TMEDA), LiN(SiMe 3 ). ) 2 (1,2-bis(dimethylamino)propane), LiN(SiMe 3 ) 2 (TEEDA), LiN(SiMe 3 ) 2 (PMDTA) and the like.
- the compound (1) is preferably represented by the following formula (ii).
- E 1 and E 2 have the same meaning as in the formula (1).
- Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- R 21 to R 28 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in which a constituent atom may be substituted with a hetero atom. However, there is no case where all of R 21 to R 28 are hydrogen atoms.
- D 2 is a monodentate or bidentate neutral ligand structure.
- x2 is 0 or an integer of 1 or more, and y2 is an integer of 1 or more.
- divalent linking group examples include a divalent linear or branched hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, or a group thereof.
- examples thereof include a group composed of at least one hydrocarbon group and at least one group selected from —CO—, —O—, —NH— and —S—.
- the same group as the group in the compound (1) can be preferably adopted.
- the monodentate or bidentate neutral ligand structure is not particularly limited, but a monodentate or bidentate neutral ligand structure in the compound (1) is preferably exemplified.
- E 1 and E 2 are carbon atoms or silicon atoms
- Z 1 and Z 2 are a methylene group or an ethylene group
- R 21 , R 22 , R 27 and R 28 are a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an i-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an i-butyl group or a t-butyl group
- R 22 to R 26 are a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group
- D 2 is a chain or cyclic ether, a chain or cyclic thioether, or a tertiary amine
- x2 is 0 or 1
- y2 is 1.
- the compound (ii) is, LiN (SiMe 2 CH 2 PMe 2) 2, LiN (SiMe 2 CH 2 PEt 2) 2, LiN (SiMe 2 CH 2 PEt 2) 2 ( dioxane), LiN (SiMe 2 CH 2 PEt 2) 2 (THF ), LiN (SiMe 2 CH 2 PEt 2) 2 (nPrMe), LiN (SiMe 2 CH 2 PEt 2) 2 (iPr 2 O), LiN (CH 2 CH 2 PMe 2) 2 , LiN(CH 2 CH 2 PEt 2 ) 2 , LiN(CH 2 CH 2 PiPr 2 ) 2 and LiN(CH 2 CH 2 PtBu 2 ) 2 .
- the compound (1) is preferably represented by the following formula (iii).
- a 3 is a phosphorus atom, a boron atom or an aluminum atom.
- E 1 and E 2 have the same meaning as in the above formula (1).
- R 31 to R 36 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in which a constituent atom may be substituted with a hetero atom. However, there is no case where all of R 31 to R 36 are hydrogen atoms.
- D 3 is a monodentate or bidentate neutral ligand structure. x3 is 0 or an integer of 1 or more, and y2 is an integer of 1 or more. )
- the same group as the group in the compound (1) can be preferably adopted.
- the monodentate or bidentate neutral ligand structure is not particularly limited, but a monodentate or bidentate neutral ligand structure in the compound (1) is preferably exemplified.
- a 3 is a phosphorus atom
- E 1 and E 2 are silicon atoms
- R 31 to R 36 are a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group or an i-propyl group
- D 3 is N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine, N,N,N′,N′-tetraethylethylenediamine, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,3-diaminopropane Or N,N,N′,N′′,N′′-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, It is preferable that x3 is 0 or 1, and y3 is 1.
- the compound (iii) include LiP(SiMe 3 ) 2 , LiP(SiMe 3 ) 2 (TMEDA) and LiP(SiMe 3 ) 2 (PMDTA).
- the compound is preferably liquid at 25° C., or the temperature at which the vapor pressure is 133.3 Pa is 100° C. or lower.
- the temperature at which the vapor pressure is 133.3 Pa is more preferably 90°C or lower. This allows the compound to exist as a liquid at room temperature or as a solid with a low melting point, and the vapor deposition process for forming the lithium-containing film can be efficiently performed at low temperature.
- thermogravimetric analysis of the compound there is preferably a region where the weight loss is 95% or more at 300° C. or less, and there is a region where the weight loss is 95% or more at 280° C. or less. Is more preferable, and it is further preferable that there is a region where the weight loss is 95% or more at 250° C. or less. Accordingly, most of the compound volatilizes stably in the above temperature range, and thus it is possible to suppress the generation of a residue after the reaction and the decomposition of the compound after volatilization to generate a residue. That is, the weight loss property allows the compound to exhibit excellent thermal stability.
- the compound can be preferably used for thin film vapor deposition due to the above characteristics.
- suitable vapor deposition methods include, but are not limited to, atomic layer deposition (ALD), plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), pulsed chemical vapor deposition (P-CVD). ), thermal in low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD), plasma, or remote plasma processes, or combinations thereof.
- the compound (1) and compounds (i) to (iii) which are a preferred embodiment can be produced by a method known in the art.
- the compound (i) can be obtained by reacting the corresponding lithium amide with the compound corresponding to the neutral ligand structure in a solvent (toluene or the like).
- the compound (ii) is prepared by first reacting an alkyl phosphate with an organolithium compound to prepare a lithium alkylphosphate, reacting this with a terminal halogenated alkylamine, and finally reacting with an organolithium compound. can get.
- the compound (iii) can be obtained by reacting the corresponding lithium amide with the compound corresponding to the neutral ligand structure in a solvent (toluene or the like).
- Other structures can be manufactured by appropriately changing these.
- ⁇ Method for producing lithium-containing film>> The manufacturing method of the lithium-containing film according to the present embodiment, Providing a reaction chamber having at least one substrate disposed therein, Introducing a gas containing the vaporized compound into the reaction chamber, and forming a lithium-containing film on at least a part of the surface of the substrate by a vapor deposition process of bringing the gas into contact with the substrate. ..
- reaction chamber preparation process In this step, a reaction chamber in which at least one substrate is arranged is prepared.
- the type of substrate on which the lithium-containing film is deposited is appropriately selected according to the end use.
- the substrate is an oxide (eg, HfO 2 -based material, TiO 2 -based material, ZrO 2 -based material, rare earth oxide-based material, used as an insulating material in MIM, DRAM, or FeRam technology, Ternary oxide based materials) or a nitride based film (eg TaN) used as an oxygen barrier between the copper and low-k film.
- oxide eg, HfO 2 -based material, TiO 2 -based material, ZrO 2 -based material, rare earth oxide-based material, used as an insulating material in MIM, DRAM, or FeRam technology, Ternary oxide based materials
- a nitride based film eg TaN
- Other substrates can be used in the manufacture of semiconductors, photovolta
- substrates include, but are not limited to, solid substrates such as, but not limited to, metal nitride containing substrates (eg, TaN, TiN, WN, TaCN, TiCN, TaSiN, and TiSiN); insulators (eg, SiO 2 , Si 3 N 4 , SiON, HfO 2 , Ta 2 O 5 , ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and barium strontium titanate); or other substrates containing some of these material combinations. Can be mentioned. The actual substrate utilized may also depend on the particular compound embodiment utilized.
- metal nitride containing substrates eg, TaN, TiN, WN, TaCN, TiCN, TaSiN, and TiSiN
- insulators eg, SiO 2 , Si 3 N 4 , SiON, HfO 2 , Ta 2 O 5 , ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and barium strontium titanate
- the reaction chamber may be any enclosure or chamber of the device in which the vapor deposition method is carried out. Specific examples include, but are not limited to, parallel plate type reactors, cold wall type reactors, hot wall type reactors, single mode reactors, multi-wafer reactors, or other types of deposition systems.
- a gas containing the vaporized compound is introduced into the reaction chamber.
- the pure (single) or blended (plural) compounds may be fed in liquid form to the vaporizer, where they are vaporized before being introduced into the reaction chamber.
- the compound can be vaporized by passing the carrier gas through a container containing the compound or by bubbling the carrier gas through the compound.
- a carrier gas and a gas containing the vaporized compound are introduced into the reaction chamber.
- the vessel may be heated to a temperature that allows the compound to have a sufficient vapor pressure.
- the carrier gas can include, but is not limited to, Ar, He, N 2 , and mixtures thereof.
- Oxygen sources such as O 3 , O 2 , NO, H 2 O, H 2 O 2 , carboxylic acids (C 1 -C 10 linear and branched), acetic acid, formalin, formic acid, alcohols, para-formaldehyde, And a combination thereof; preferably O 3 , O 2 , H 2 O, NO, and a combination thereof; more preferably H 2 O may further be provided.
- the vessel can be maintained at a temperature in the range of, for example, about 0°C to about 150°C. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the temperature of the vessel can be adjusted by known methods to control the amount of compound that is vaporized.
- Compounds may be supplied in pure form (eg liquid or low melting solids) or in a blend with a suitable solvent.
- exemplary solvents include, but are not limited to, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic hydrocarbons, ethers, glymes, glycols, amines, polyamines, cyclicamines, alkylated amines, alkylated polyamines and These mixtures are mentioned.
- Preferred solvents include ethylbenzene, diglyme, triglyme, tetraglyme, pyridine, xylene, mesitylene, decane, dodecane, and mixtures thereof.
- the concentration of the compound is typically in the range of about 0.02 to about 2.0M, and preferably in the range of about 0.05 to about 0.2M.
- the gas containing the vaporized compound may be mixed with the reaction species in the reaction chamber.
- exemplary reactive species include, but are not limited to, metal precursors such as strontium containing precursors, barium containing precursors, aluminum containing precursors such as TMA, and the like, and any combination thereof.
- the reaction chamber may be maintained at a pressure within the range of about 0.5 mTorr to about 20 Torr.
- the temperature within the reaction chamber can be in the range of about 50°C to about 600°C, preferably in the range of about 80°C to about 550°C.
- One skilled in the art can empirically optimize the temperature to achieve the desired result.
- Substrate can be heated to a temperature sufficient to obtain a desired lithium-containing film at a sufficient growth rate and desired physical state and composition.
- Non-limiting exemplary temperature ranges in which the substrate can be heated include 50°C to 500°C.
- the substrate temperature is kept below 300°C.
- a lithium-containing film is formed on at least a part of the surface of the substrate by a vapor deposition process of bringing the gas into contact with the substrate.
- a vapor phase of a compound is introduced into a reaction chamber where it is contacted with a suitable substrate. Thereafter, excess compound can be removed from the reaction chamber by purging and/or evacuating the reactor.
- An oxygen source is introduced into the reaction chamber, where it reacts with the absorbed compound in a self-terminating manner. Excess oxygen source is removed from the reaction chamber by purging and/or evacuating the reaction chamber. If the desired film is a lithium oxide film, this two-step process may provide the desired film thickness or may be repeated until a film having the required thickness is obtained.
- the introduction of the vapor of the metal precursor into the reaction chamber can be continued after the two-step process described above.
- the metal precursor is selected based on the nature of the lithium metal oxide to be deposited.
- the compound contacts the substrate. Excess compound is removed from the reaction chamber by purging and/or evacuating the reaction chamber.
- an oxygen source may be introduced into the reaction chamber to react with the metal precursor. Excess oxygen source is removed from the reaction chamber by purging and/or evacuating the reaction chamber.
- the process may be terminated once the desired film thickness is achieved. However, if a thicker film is desired, all of the four step process may be repeated. By alternating the supply of compound, metal precursor and oxygen source, a film of desired composition and thickness can be deposited.
- the lithium-containing film is selected from Li x NiO 2, Li x CoO 2, Li x V 3 O 8, Li x V 2 O 5, and Li x Mn 2 O 4, wherein x is from 1 8 Is within the range of.
- One of ordinary skill in the art can obtain the desired film composition by appropriate selection of the appropriate compound and reactive species.
- the composition of the deposited film depends on the application.
- lithium-containing membranes can be used in fuel cell and storage battery applications.
- FIG. 2 shows the weight of LiN(SiMe 3 ) 2 (1,2-bis(dimethylamino)propane) versus temperature at atmospheric pressure in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA, at, m: 28.77 mg, 10° C./min m). Show changes.
- FIG. 3 shows the weight change with temperature under reduced pressure in the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA, vac, m: 17.65 mg, 10° C./min) of LiN(SiMe 2 CH 2 PiPr 2 ) 2 .
- LiOtBu manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich
- the properties of the prepared compound and the comparative substance were as follows.
- the melting point and vapor pressure were both measured by the thermogravimetric analysis described above.
- LiN(SiMe 2 CH 2 PiPr 2 ) 2 A silicon or amorphous carbon substrate (about 20 mm x about 20 mm x thickness about 0.75 mm) was introduced into the ALD reactor or the CVD reactor. The substrate was then heated to a set point of 100-500° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere for each experiment. After reaching the set value, LiN as compound (SiMe 2 CH 2 PiPr 2) 2, an oxygen source and a flow of carrier gas into the reactor, depositing a film on a substrate. During this period, water vapor or oxygen was used as the oxygen source, and nitrogen was used as the carrier gas, and the pressure was maintained at 266.6 Pa.
- a lithium oxide film was deposited by ALD at 100°C, 120°C, 150°C, 175°C, 200°C, and 250°C. Lithium oxide films were also obtained by CVD at 200°C, 300°C and 400°C, while lithium silicate films were deposited by CVD at 500°C. On the other hand, a lithium oxide film was deposited by ALD at 100° C., 120° C., 150° C., 175° C., 200° C. and 250° C. using oxygen as an oxygen source. The compositions of typical lithium oxide and lithium silicate films on Si substrates are shown in the table below. The film composition was evaluated using an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer ("K-Alpha" manufactured by Thermo Scientific, in vacuum, room temperature (non-heated)).
- the deposition rates of ALD experiments on Si substrates at 100°C, 150°C and 200°C are shown below.
- 200 cycles of LiN(SiMe 2 CH 2 PiPr 2 ) 2 pulse, steam or O 2 pulse, and purge were applied.
- the deposition rate was measured using a film thickness measurement by spectroscopic ellipsometry (“ORISEL” manufactured by HORIBA/JOBIN YVON, analysis software “DeltaPsi2”, in air, at room temperature).
- ORISEL spectroscopic ellipsometry
- the uniformity of the film thickness was evaluated for the lithium oxide film formed at 150°C and 200°C.
- the thickness of the obtained lithium oxide film was measured at 10 cm or 20 cm intervals for a total of 6 points.
- FIG. 4 shows the position-thickness relationship for the formation of a lithium oxide film formed at 150° C.
- FIG. 5 shows the position-thickness relationship for the formation of a lithium oxide film formed at 200° C.
- the film thickness was measured using the above-mentioned spectroscopic ellipsometry.
- the uniformity of the film thickness was evaluated for the lithium phosphate film formed at 150°C and 200°C.
- the thickness of the obtained lithium phosphate film was measured at 10 cm intervals for a total of 6 points.
- FIG. 6 shows the position-thickness relationship for the formation of a lithium phosphate film formed at 150° C.
- FIG. 7 shows the position-thickness relationship for the formation of a lithium phosphate film formed at 200° C.
- the film thickness was measured using the above-mentioned spectroscopic ellipsometry.
- Lithium-containing films could be obtained at high deposition rates at 100° C., 150° C. and 200° C. by using LiN(SiMe 2 CH 2 PiPr 2 ) 2 and water as the oxygen source.
- the deposition rate at low temperature (100 and 150° C.) was 7-8 times higher than the known deposition procedure with LiN(SiMe 3 ) 2 and trimethyl phosphate. Good uniformity was observed at 150° C. and 200° C. even though the deposition rate of lithium oxide film formation was much faster than the lithium phosphate film.
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Abstract
Description
(式(1)中、Aは窒素原子、リン原子、ホウ素原子又はアルミニウム原子である。
E1及びE2は、それぞれ独立して、炭素原子、ケイ素原子、ゲルマニウム原子又はスズ原子である。
R1~R6は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子であるか、又は構成原子がヘテロ原子により置換されていてもよい炭素数1~10の炭化水素基である。ただし、R1~R6の全てが水素原子となる場合はない。
Dは、単座又は多座の中性配位子構造である。
xは0又は1以上の整数であり、yは1以上の整数である。ただし、Aが窒素原子であり、かつR1~R6を構成する炭素原子のいずれも前記ヘテロ原子により置換されていない場合、xは1以上の数であり、yは1以上の数である。
A、E1、E2及びR1~R6が、それぞれ複数ある場合、それらは互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。)
(式(i)中、R11~R16は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子であるか、又は構成原子がヘテロ原子により置換されていてもよい炭素数1~10のアルキル基である。ただし、R11~R16の全てが水素原子となる場合はない。
D1は、二座又は三座の中性配位子構造である。
x1及びy1は、それぞれ独立して1以上の整数である。)
D1が、1,2-ジエトキシエタン、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、N,N,N’,N’-テトラメチルエチレンジアミン、N,N,N’,N’-テトラエチルエチレンジアミン、N,N,N’,N’-テトラメチル-1,3-ジアミノプロパン又はN,N,N’,N’’,N’’-ペンタメチルジエチレントリアミンであり、
x1及びy1が1であることが好ましい。
(式(ii)中、E1及びE2は、前記式(1)と同義である。
Z1及びZ2は、それぞれ独立して、単結合又は2価の連結基である。
R21~R28は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子であるか、又は構成原子がヘテロ原子により置換されていてもよい炭素数1~10のアルキル基である。ただし、R21~R28の全てが水素原子となる場合はない。
D2は、単座又は二座の中性配位子構造である。
x2は0又は1以上の整数であり、y2は1以上の整数である。)
Z1及びZ2は、メチレン基又はエチレン基であり、
R21、R22、R27及びR28は、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、i-プロピル基、n-ブチル基、i-ブチル基又はt-ブチル基であり、
R22~R26は、水素原子、メチル基又はエチル基であり、
D2は、鎖状若しくは環状エーテル、鎖状若しくは環状チオエーテル、又は第三級アミンであり、
x2が0又は1であり、y2が1であることが好ましい。
(式(iii)中、A3は、リン原子、ホウ素原子又はアルミニウム原子である。
E1及びE2は、前記式(1)と同義である。
R31~R36は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子であるか、又は構成原子がヘテロ原子により置換されていてもよい炭素数1~10のアルキル基である。ただし、R31~R36の全てが水素原子となる場合はない。
D3は、単座又は二座の中性配位子構造である。
x3は0又は1以上の整数であり、y2は1以上の整数である。)
E1及びE2がケイ素原子であり、
R31~R36がメチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基又はi-プロピル基であり、
D3が、N,N,N’,N’-テトラメチルエチレンジアミン、N,N,N’,N’-テトラエチルエチレンジアミン、N,N,N’,N’-テトラメチル-1,3-ジアミノプロパン又はN,N,N’,N’’,N’’-ペンタメチルジエチレントリアミンであり、
x3が0又は1であり、y3が1であることが好ましい。
気化させた当該化合物を含むガスを前記反応チャンバに導入する工程、及び
前記ガスと前記基板とを接触させる気相堆積プロセスにより前記基板の表面の少なくとも一部にリチウム含有膜を形成する工程
を含むリチウム含有膜の製造方法に関する。
本実施形態に係る化合物は、下記式(1)で表される。
(式(1)中、Aは窒素原子、リン原子、ホウ素原子又はアルミニウム原子である。
E1及びE2は、それぞれ独立して、炭素原子、ケイ素原子、ゲルマニウム原子又はスズ原子である。
R1~R6は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子であるか、又は構成原子がヘテロ原子により置換されていてもよい炭素数1~10の炭化水素基である。ただし、R1~R6の全てが水素原子となる場合はない。
Dは、単座又は多座の中性配位子構造である。
xは0又は1以上の整数であり、yは1以上の整数である。ただし、Aが窒素原子であり、かつR1~R6を構成する炭素原子のいずれも前記ヘテロ原子により置換されていない場合、xは1以上の数であり、yは1以上の数である。
A、E1、E2及びR1~R6が、それぞれ複数ある場合、それらは互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。)
メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、i-プロピル基、n-ブチル基、2-メチルプロピル基、1-メチルプロピル基、t-ブチル基等のアルキル基;
エテニル基、プロペニル基、ブテニル基等のアルケニル基;
エチニル基、プロピニル基、ブチニル基等のアルキニル基などが挙げられる。
シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基;
ノルボルニル基、アダマンチル基、トリシクロデシル基等の多環のシクロアルキル基;
シクロプロペニル基、シクロブテニル基、シクロペンテニル基、シクロヘキセニル基等のシクロアルケニル基;
ノルボルネニル基、トリシクロデセニル基等の多環のシクロアルケニル基などが挙げられる。
フェニル基、トリル基、キシリル基、ナフチル基等のアリール基;ベンジル基、フェネチル基等のアラルキル基などが挙げられる。
単座の中性配位子構造の具体例としては、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)、ジオキサン、ピリジン、ピロール、イミダゾール、ジメチルエーテル、ジエチルエーテル、メチルエチルエーテル、ジプロピルエーテル、ジi-プロピルエーテル、ジメチルチオエーテル、ジエチルチオエーテル、メチルエチルチオエーテル、シクロペンタジエン等が挙げられる。
二座の中性配位子構造の具体例としては、1,2-ジメトキシエタン(DME)、1,2-ジエトキシエタン、ビピリジン、ジエン、N,N,N’,N’-テトラメチルエチレンジアミン(TMEDA)、N,N,N’,N’-テトラエチルエチレンジアミン(TEEDA)、1,2-ビス(ジメチルアミノ)プロパン等が挙げられる。
三座の中性配位子構造の具体例としては、トリエン、ジグリム(ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル)、N,N,N’,N’’,N’’-ペンタメチルジエチレントリアミン(PMDTA)等が挙げられる。
化合物(1)は、一実施形態として、下記式(i)で表されることが好ましい。
(式(i)中、R11~R16は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子であるか、又は構成原子がヘテロ原子により置換されていてもよい炭素数1~10のアルキル基である。ただし、R11~R16の全てが水素原子となる場合はない。
D1は、二座又は三座の中性配位子構造である。
x1及びy1は、それぞれ独立して1以上の整数である。)
D1が、1,2-ジエトキシエタン、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、N,N,N’,N’-テトラメチルエチレンジアミン、N,N,N’,N’-テトラエチルエチレンジアミン、1,2-ビス(ジメチルアミノ)プロパン又はN,N,N’,N’’,N’’-ペンタメチルジエチレントリアミンであり、
x1及びy1が1であることが好ましい。
化合物(1)は、一実施形態として、下記式(ii)で表されることが好ましい。
(式(ii)中、E1及びE2は、前記式(1)と同義である。
Z1及びZ2は、それぞれ独立して、単結合又は2価の連結基である。
R21~R28は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子であるか、又は構成原子がヘテロ原子により置換されていてもよい炭素数1~10のアルキル基である。ただし、R21~R28の全てが水素原子となる場合はない。
D2は、単座又は二座の中性配位子構造である。
x2は0又は1以上の整数であり、y2は1以上の整数である。)
Z1及びZ2は、メチレン基又はエチレン基であり、
R21、R22、R27及びR28は、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、i-プロピル基、n-ブチル基、i-ブチル基又はt-ブチル基であり、
R22~R26は、水素原子、メチル基又はエチル基であり、
D2は、鎖状若しくは環状エーテル、鎖状若しくは環状チオエーテル、又は第三級アミンであり、
x2が0又は1であり、y2が1であることが好ましい。
(式(iii)中、A3は、リン原子、ホウ素原子又はアルミニウム原子である。
E1及びE2は、前記式(1)と同義である。
R31~R36は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子であるか、又は構成原子がヘテロ原子により置換されていてもよい炭素数1~10のアルキル基である。ただし、R31~R36の全てが水素原子となる場合はない。
D3は、単座又は二座の中性配位子構造である。
x3は0又は1以上の整数であり、y2は1以上の整数である。)
E1及びE2がケイ素原子であり、
R31~R36がメチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基又はi-プロピル基であり、
D3が、N,N,N’,N’-テトラメチルエチレンジアミン、N,N,N’,N’-テトラエチルエチレンジアミン、N,N,N’,N’-テトラメチル-1,3-ジアミノプロパン又はN,N,N’,N’’,N’’-ペンタメチルジエチレントリアミンであり、
x3が0又は1であり、y3が1であることが好ましい。
化合物(1)及び好適な実施形態である化合物(i)~(iii)は、当該技術分野における公知の方法にて製造することができる。例えば、化合物(i)は、対応するリチウムアミドと中性配位子構造に対応する化合物とを溶媒(トルエン等)で反応させることにより得られる。また、化合物(ii)は、まずアルキルホスフェートと有機リチウム化合物とを反応させてリチウムアルキルホスフェートを調製し、これと末端ハロゲン化アルキルアミンとを反応させ、最後に有機リチウム化合物とを反応させることで得られる。化合物(iii)は、対応するリチウムアミドと中性配位子構造に対応する化合物とを溶媒(トルエン等)で反応させることにより得られる。他の構造もこれらを適宜変更することで製造することができる。
本実施形態に係るリチウム含有膜の製造方法は、
内部に少なくとも1枚の基板を配置した反応チャンバを準備する工程、
気化させた前記化合物を含むガスを前記反応チャンバに導入する工程、及び
前記ガスと前記基板とを接触させる気相堆積プロセスにより前記基板の表面の少なくとも一部にリチウム含有膜を形成する工程
を含む。
本工程では、内部に少なくとも1枚の基板を配置した反応チャンバを準備する。リチウム含有膜を堆積させる基板の種類は、最終用途に応じて適宜選択される。いくつかの実施形態では、基板は、MIM、DRAM、またはFeRam技術における絶縁材料として使用される酸化物(たとえば、HfO2ベース材料、TiO2ベース材料、ZrO2ベース材料、希土類酸化物ベース材料、三元酸化物ベースの材料など)から、または銅とlow-k膜との間の酸素バリアとして使用される窒化物ベース膜(たとえば、TaN)から選択することができる。半導体、光電池、LCD-TFT、またはフラットパネルデバイスの製造において、他の基板を使用することができる。このような基板の例としては、限定されないが、金属窒化物含有基板(たとえば、TaN、TiN、WN、TaCN、TiCN、TaSiN、およびTiSiN)などの中実基板;絶縁体(たとえば、SiO2、Si3N4、SiON、HfO2、Ta2O5、ZrO2、TiO2、Al2O3、およびチタン酸バリウムストロンチウム);またはこれらの材料の組み合わせのうちのいくつかを含む他の基板が挙げられる。利用する実際の基板は、利用する具体的な化合物の実施形態にも依存し得る。
本工程では、気化させた前記化合物を含むガスを前記反応チャンバに導入する。純粋な(単一の)化合物またはブレンドされた(複数の)化合物は液体の状態で気化器に供給されてもよく、ここで反応チャンバに導入される前に気化される。あるいは、化合物は、この化合物を容れた容器にキャリアガスを通すことによって、またはこの化合物にキャリアガスをバブリングすることによって気化できる。次に、キャリアガスおよび気化した化合物を含むガスを反応チャンバに導入する。必要であれば、化合物が十分な蒸気圧を有することを可能にする温度まで容器を加熱してもよい。キャリアガスとしては、限定はされないが、Ar、He、N2、およびこれらの混合物を挙げることができる。酸素供給源、たとえばO3、O2、NO、H2O、H2O2、カルボン酸(C1-C10の線状および分枝)、酢酸、ホルマリン、蟻酸、アルコール、パラ-ホルムアルデヒド、およびこれらの組み合わせ;好ましくはO3、O2、H2O、NO、およびこれらの組み合わせ;より好ましくはH2Oをさらに提供してもよい。容器はたとえば約0℃~約150℃の範囲内の温度に維持されうる。当業者であれば、容器の温度を周知の方法で調節して、気化させる化合物の量を制御できることが分かる。
本工程では、前記ガスと前記基板とを接触させる気相堆積プロセスにより前記基板の表面の少なくとも一部にリチウム含有膜を形成する。例示的な1つの原子層堆積タイプのプロセスでは、化合物の気相を反応チャンバに導入し、ここで好適な基板と接触させる。その後、過剰な化合物はリアクタをパージするおよび/または排気することによって反応チャンバから除去できる。酸素供給源を反応チャンバに導入し、ここでそれは吸収された化合物と自己停止方式で反応する。過剰な酸素供給源は反応チャンバをパージするおよび/または排気することによって反応チャンバから除去される。所望の膜がリチウム酸化物膜である場合、この二段階プロセスは所望の膜厚を提供する場合もあるし、必要な厚さを有する膜が得られるまで繰り返される場合もある。
LiN(SiMe3)2(2g、12mmol)をトルエン(40ml)に溶解し、これにN,N,N’、N’-テトラメチルエチレンジアミン(1.8ml、12mmol)を0℃でゆっくりと添加した。得られた溶液を1時間撹拌し、次に揮発性物質を真空下で除去した。白色固体を単離し、ペンタンで洗浄した。粗物質を昇華により精製して、3.12gの白色固体を得た。収率(92%)。1HNMR(C6D6,400 MHz):1.75ppm(s,12H),1.48ppm(m,4H),0.38ppm(s,18H)
LiN(SiMe3)2(2g、12mmol)のトルエン(30ml)溶液に、1,2-ビス(ジメチルアミノ)プロパン(2.89ml、18mmol)を0℃で滴下した。次いで、反応混合物を一晩撹拌した。翌日、溶媒を真空下で除去した。粗物質を真空下(95~97℃、15Pa)で蒸留により精製し、922mgの無色油状物を得た。収率(26%)。1HNMR(C6D6,400MHz):2.1ppm(m,1H)、2~1.6ppm(m,13H)、1.2ppm(dd,1H,3JH-H=13.3Hz,3JH-H=3.2Hz)、0.32ppm(s,18H)、0.21ppm(d,3H,J=6.4Hz)
LiN(SiMe2CH2PiPr2)2を、Inorg Chem.2002,41,5615に記載された改良された方法に従って、iPr2PLi塩による塩素の求核置換により合成した。
比較対象物質としてLiOtBu(シグマ・アルドリッチ製)を用いた。
シリコンまたはアモルファス炭素基板(約20mm×約20mm×厚さ約0.75mm)をALD反応器またはCVD反応器に導入した。次いで、各実験について、基板を窒素雰囲気下で100~500℃の設定点まで加熱した。設定値に達した後、化合物としてLiN(SiMe2CH2PiPr2)2、酸素源およびキャリアガスを反応器に流し、基板上に膜を堆積させた。この間、酸素源として水蒸気または酸素、キャリアガスとして窒素を用い、圧力を266.6Paに保った。
Si基板上の100℃、150℃および200℃でのALD実験の堆積速度を以下に示す。各実験において、LiN(SiMe3)2パルス、リン酸トリメチルパルス、およびパージを400サイクル適用した。管状炉を使用し、30cmの位置を炉の中心点と見なした。
Claims (12)
- 下記式(1)で表される化合物。
(式(1)中、Aは窒素原子、リン原子、ホウ素原子又はアルミニウム原子である。
E1及びE2は、それぞれ独立して、炭素原子、ケイ素原子、ゲルマニウム原子又はスズ原子である。
R1~R6は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子であるか、又は構成原子がヘテロ原子により置換されていてもよい炭素数1~10の炭化水素基である。ただし、R1~R6の全てが水素原子となる場合はない。
Dは、単座又は多座の中性配位子構造である。
xは0又は1以上の整数であり、yは1以上の整数である。ただし、Aが窒素原子であり、かつR1~R6を構成する炭素原子のいずれも前記ヘテロ原子により置換されていない場合、xは1以上の数であり、yは1以上の数である。
A、E1、E2及びR1~R6が、それぞれ複数ある場合、それらは互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。) - R11~R16が全てメチル基であり、
D1が、1,2-ジエトキシエタン、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、N,N,N’,N’-テトラメチルエチレンジアミン、N,N,N’,N’-テトラエチルエチレンジアミン、N,N,N’,N’-テトラメチル-1,3-ジアミノプロパン又はN,N,N’,N’’,N’’-ペンタメチルジエチレントリアミンであり、
x1及びy1が1である請求項2に記載の化合物。 - E1及びE2が炭素原子又はケイ素原子であり、
Z1及びZ2は、メチレン基又はエチレン基であり、
R21、R22、R27及びR28は、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、i-プロピル基、n-ブチル基、i-ブチル基又はt-ブチル基であり、
R22~R26は、水素原子、メチル基又はエチル基であり、
D2は、鎖状若しくは環状エーテル、鎖状若しくは環状チオエーテル、又は第三級アミンであり、
x2が0又は1であり、y2が1である請求項4に記載の化合物。 - A3がリン原子であり、
E1及びE2がケイ素原子であり、
R31~R36がメチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基又はi-プロピル基であり、
D3が、N,N,N’,N’-テトラメチルエチレンジアミン、N,N,N’,N’-テトラエチルエチレンジアミン、N,N,N’,N’-テトラメチル-1,3-ジアミノプロパン又はN,N,N’,N’’,N’’-ペンタメチルジエチレントリアミンであり、
x3が0又は1であり、y3が1である請求項6に記載の化合物。 - 25℃で液状であるか、又は蒸気圧が133.3Paを示す温度が100℃以下である請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。
- 熱重量分析において、300℃以下で重量損失が95%以上となる領域が存在する請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。
- 薄膜気相堆積用である請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。
- 内部に少なくとも1枚の基板を配置した反応チャンバを準備する工程、
気化させた請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の化合物を含むガスを前記反応チャンバに導入する工程、及び
前記ガスと前記基板とを接触させる気相堆積プロセスにより前記基板の表面の少なくとも一部にリチウム含有膜を形成する工程
を含むリチウム含有膜の製造方法。 - 前記気相堆積プロセスを200℃以下で行う請求項11に記載のリチウム含有膜の製造方法。
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