WO2020153381A1 - 冷凍機油及び冷凍機油の製造方法 - Google Patents
冷凍機油及び冷凍機油の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020153381A1 WO2020153381A1 PCT/JP2020/002004 JP2020002004W WO2020153381A1 WO 2020153381 A1 WO2020153381 A1 WO 2020153381A1 JP 2020002004 W JP2020002004 W JP 2020002004W WO 2020153381 A1 WO2020153381 A1 WO 2020153381A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M107/30—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M107/32—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
- C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M137/08—Ammonium or amine salts
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/30—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
- C10M2207/301—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids used as base material
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/102—Polyesters
- C10M2209/1023—Polyesters used as base material
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/049—Phosphite
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
- C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
- C10N2020/101—Containing Hydrofluorocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a refrigerating machine oil and a method for manufacturing a refrigerating machine oil.
- Refrigerators such as refrigerators, car air conditioners, room air conditioners, and vending machines are equipped with a compressor for circulating the refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle. Then, the compressor is filled with refrigerating machine oil for lubricating the sliding member. Refrigerating machine oils generally contain a base oil and additives which are compounded according to the desired properties.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a refrigerating machine oil containing a phosphorus-based additive comprising a phosphoric acid triester and/or a phosphorous acid triester.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a refrigerating machine oil capable of maintaining excellent wear resistance for a long time and a method for producing the same.
- the present inventors first examined the effect of improving the wear resistance by adding phosphonic acid diester to refrigerating machine oil. As a result, they have found that a part of the phosphonic acid diester is changed to phosphonic acid or phosphonic acid monoester, and that the generated phosphonic acid and phosphonic acid monoester contribute to the improvement of abrasion resistance.
- phosphonic acid and phosphonic acid monoester are chemically unstable compounds, and the abrasion resistance cannot be maintained for a long period of time even if these compounds are used as they are.
- the present inventors have made phosphonic acid or phosphonic acid monoester present in refrigerating machine oil in the form of an amine salt, thereby providing the refrigerating machine oil with excellent wear resistance. They have found that they can be imparted and their wear resistance can be maintained for a long time, and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention provides a refrigerating machine oil containing a lubricating base oil and at least one selected from the group consisting of an amine salt of phosphonic acid and an amine salt of phosphonic acid monoester.
- the present invention also comprises the step of adding at least one selected from the group consisting of an amine salt of phosphonic acid and an amine salt of phosphonic acid monoester to a lubricating base oil or an oil composition containing a lubricating base oil. , A method for producing refrigerating machine oil is provided.
- the present invention further provides a method for producing a refrigerating machine oil, which comprises a step of adding a phosphonic acid diester and an amine compound to a lubricating base oil or an oil composition containing a lubricating base oil.
- FIG. 3 is a 31 P-NMR chart showing phosphonic acid and phosphonic acid monoester before aminification.
- 31 is a 31 P-NMR chart showing that amine salts of phosphonic acid and phosphonic acid monoester are formed by addition of an amine compound.
- the refrigerating machine oil according to the present embodiment is at least one kind selected from the group consisting of a lubricating base oil and an amine salt of phosphonic acid and an amine salt of phosphonic acid monoester (hereinafter referred to as “amine salt in the present embodiment”). In some cases) and.
- Phosphonic acid is a compound represented by the following formula (1).
- the amine salt of phosphonic acid may be one in which at least one of the hydroxyl groups in the compound represented by the following formula (1) and the amine compound form an amine salt.
- phosphonic acid may exist as trihydroxy type phosphorous acid which is its tautomer.
- the phosphonic acid monoester may be, for example, at least one compound represented by the following formula (2).
- the amine salt of phosphonic acid monoester may be a salt of at least one hydroxyl group in the compound represented by the following formula (2) and an amine compound.
- the phosphonic acid monoester is also called monohydrocarbyl hydrogen phosphite, and may be present as a dihydroxy type phosphorous acid monoester which is a tautomer thereof.
- R represents a hydrocarbon group (hydrocarbyl group).
- the hydrocarbon group represented by R is preferably a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- this hydrocarbon group include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a (alkyl)cycloalkyl group, and a (alkyl)aryl group.
- R is preferably an alkyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group or an (alkyl)aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group and alkenyl group may be linear or branched.
- Examples of such phosphonic acid monoesters include monooctyl hydrogen phosphite, mono(2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen phosphite, monolauryl hydrogen phosphite, monooleyl hydrogen phosphite, and monoethyl hydrogen phosphite. , Monophenyl hydrogen phosphite and the like. Among them, from the viewpoint of abrasion resistance, at least one selected from the group consisting of monooctyl hydrogen phosphite, mono(2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen phosphite, monolauryl hydrogen phosphite, and monooleyl hydrogen phosphite. preferable.
- the amine compound is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound having an amino group in the molecule, and examples thereof include alkyl or alkenyl amines having 1 or 2 alkyl or alkenyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ethanol, propanol and the like. Examples thereof include an alkanolamine having an alkanol group or a derivative thereof, and a polyamine having an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms or a derivative thereof. Examples of the alkyl or alkenyl amine include di(2-ethylhexyl)amine, oleylamine, 2-ethylhexylamine and the like, and di(2-ethylhexyl)amine is particularly preferable.
- alkanolamine examples include mono-, di- or tri-diethanolamine, mono-, di- or tri(iso)propanolamine, mono-, di- or tri(iso)butanolamine, and the like.
- mono- or dialkanolamine has an alkyl group or an alkenyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms such as 2-ethylhexyldiethanolamine, dodecyldi(iso)propanolamine, lauryldiethanolamine, oleyldiethanolamine. It may be one.
- polyamines examples include ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenehexamine and derivatives thereof.
- polyamine derivatives are reaction products of the above polyamines with fatty acids having 1 to 40 carbon atoms such as oleic acid and stearic acid, and dibasic acids such as oxalic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, alkyl or alkenyl succinic acid. May be
- the content of the amine salt in the present embodiment is preferably 0.0001 to 1% by mass, more preferably 0.001 to 0.5% by mass, still more preferably 0.001 to 0.1%, based on the total amount of the refrigerating machine oil. It is% by mass.
- the method for producing a refrigerating machine oil according to the present embodiment is, for example, selected from the group consisting of an amine salt of phosphonic acid and an amine salt of phosphonic acid monoester in a lubricating base oil or an oil composition containing a lubricating base oil.
- a step of adding at least one kind is provided. In this production method, even if the amine salt in the present embodiment is obtained by reacting a phosphonic acid or a phosphonic acid monoester with an amine compound to form an amine salt, a part of the phosphonic acid diester is changed to a phosphonic acid or a phosphonic acid monoester.
- a phosphonic acid or a phosphonic acid monoester mixed as an impurity in the phosphonic acid diester due to the degree of purification may be reacted with an amine compound to undergo amine salification.
- an amine compound to undergo amine salification When changing a part of phosphonic acid diester to phosphonic acid or phosphonic acid monoester, use a solvent such as kerosene, mineral oil, normal hexane, toluene, a light solvent, benzene, xylene, alcohols, ethers, and esters. You may use.
- the amine salt in the present embodiment may be added alone, or the amine salt in the present embodiment may be added together with the phosphonic acid diester.
- Another method for producing a refrigerating machine oil includes a step of adding a phosphonic acid diester and an amine compound to a lubricating base oil or an oil composition containing a lubricating base oil.
- a lubricating base oil or an oil composition containing a lubricating base oil in which a part of phosphonic acid diester is changed, or phosphonic acid in relation to the degree of purification is used.
- the amine salt in the present embodiment can be produced.
- an oil composition containing a lubricating base oil is a lubricating base oil containing other additives described below.
- the content of the lubricating base oil in the oil composition may be 50% by mass or more, 70% by mass or more, and 90% by mass or more based on the total amount of the oil composition.
- the phosphonic acid diester may be, for example, a compound represented by the following formula (3).
- the phosphonic acid diester is also called dihydrocarbyl hydrogen phosphite, and may exist as a monohydroxy type phosphite diester which is a tautomer thereof.
- R′ and R′′ may be the same or different and each represents a hydrocarbon group (hydrocarbyl group).
- the hydrocarbon group represented by R'and R" is preferably a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- this hydrocarbon group include alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, (alkyl)cycloalkyl groups, phenyl groups, and (alkyl)aryl groups such as cresyl groups.
- R is preferably an alkyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group or an (alkyl)aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group and alkenyl group may be linear or branched.
- Examples of such phosphonic acid diesters include dioctyl hydrogen phosphite, di(2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen phosphite, dilauryl hydrogen phosphite, dioleyl hydrogen phosphite, diethyl hydrogen phosphite, and diphenyl hydrogen.
- Examples include Genphosphite. Among them, at least one selected from the group consisting of dioctyl hydrogen phosphite, di(2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen phosphite, dilauryl hydrogen phosphite, and dioleyl hydrogen phosphite is preferable from the viewpoint of abrasion resistance. ..
- the mixing ratio of the phosphonic acid diester and the amine compound may be appropriately set, for example, in consideration of the balance between the acid value of the phosphonic acid diester and the base value of the amine compound.
- the mixing ratio of the phosphonic acid diester and the amine compound may be, for example, 1/5 to 10/1 or 2/3 to 5/1 in terms of molar ratio. It may be /1 to 4/1.
- the amine compound is preferably a total amount of this mixture and the amine compound. It is 5% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, particularly preferably 20% by mass or more, preferably 80% by mass or less, more preferably 60% by mass or less, and further preferably 50% by mass or less.
- hydrocarbon oil In the refrigerating machine oil and the manufacturing method thereof according to the present embodiment, hydrocarbon oil, oxygen-containing oil, etc. can be used as the lubricating base oil.
- hydrocarbon oil include mineral oil type hydrocarbon oil and synthetic type hydrocarbon oil.
- oxygen-containing oil include esters, ethers, carbonates, ketones, silicones and polysiloxanes.
- Mineral oil-based hydrocarbon oil is a lubricant fraction obtained by distilling crude oil such as paraffin-based and naphthene-based crude oil under atmospheric pressure and vacuum distillation to remove solvent, solvent refinement, hydrorefining, hydrocracking, solvent desorption. It can be obtained by purification by a method such as wax, hydrodewaxing, clay treatment, and sulfuric acid washing. These purification methods may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of synthetic hydrocarbon oils include alkylbenzene, alkylnaphthalene, poly ⁇ -olefin (PAO), polybutene, ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer and the like.
- Alkylbenzene As the alkylbenzene, the following alkylbenzene (A) and/or alkylbenzene (B) can be used.
- Alkylbenzene having 4 to 4 and having 9 to 15 total carbon atoms in the alkyl group Alkylbenzene (B): an alkylbenzene having 1 to 4 alkyl groups having 1 to 40 carbon atoms and having a total carbon number of 20 to 40 of the alkyl groups (preferably 1 alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms). Alkylbenzene having 4 to 4 and having a total carbon number of alkyl groups of 20 to 30)
- alkyl group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms in the alkylbenzene (A) include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group (including all isomers, the same applies hereinafter), a butyl group, a pentyl group, and a hexyl group.
- alkyl groups may be linear or branched, and are preferably branched in terms of stability, viscosity characteristics and the like. From the viewpoint of availability, a branched alkyl group derived from an olefin oligomer such as propylene, butene or isobutylene is more preferable.
- the number of alkyl groups in the alkylbenzene (A) is 1 to 4, and from the viewpoint of stability and availability, it is preferably 1 or 2 (that is, monoalkylbenzene, dialkylbenzene, or a mixture thereof). is there.
- the alkylbenzene (A) may contain only a single structure of alkylbenzene, has 1 to 4 alkyl groups having 1 to 19 carbon atoms, and has a total carbon number of 9 to 19
- a mixture of alkylbenzenes having different structures may be contained as long as they satisfy the conditions.
- alkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms in the alkylbenzene (B) include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group (including all isomers, the same applies hereinafter), a butyl group, a pentyl group, and a hexyl group.
- alkyl groups may be linear or branched, and are preferably branched in terms of stability, viscosity characteristics and the like. From the viewpoint of availability, a branched alkyl group derived from an olefin oligomer such as propylene, butene or isobutylene is more preferable.
- the number of alkyl groups in the alkylbenzene (B) is 1 to 4, and from the viewpoint of stability and availability, it is preferably 1 or 2 (ie, monoalkylbenzene, dialkylbenzene, or a mixture thereof). is there.
- the alkylbenzene (B) may contain only alkylbenzene having a single structure, has 1 to 4 alkyl groups having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, and has a total carbon number of 20 to 40.
- a mixture of alkylbenzenes having different structures may be contained as long as they satisfy the conditions.
- Poly ⁇ -olefin is a compound obtained by, for example, polymerizing a molecule of a linear olefin having 6 to 18 carbon atoms having a double bond only at one end and then hydrogenating it.
- the poly- ⁇ -olefin may be, for example, isoparaffin having a molecular weight distribution centered on a trimer or tetramer of ⁇ -decene having 10 carbon atoms or ⁇ -dodecene having 12 carbon atoms.
- ester examples include aromatic ester, dibasic acid ester, polyol ester, complex ester, carbonic acid ester and a mixture thereof.
- ester a polyol ester or a complex ester is preferable.
- Polyol ester is an ester of polyhydric alcohol and fatty acid.
- the fatty acid saturated fatty acid is preferably used.
- the carbon number of the fatty acid is preferably 4 to 20, more preferably 4 to 18, and even more preferably 4 to 9.
- the polyol ester may be a partial ester in which some of the hydroxyl groups of the polyhydric alcohol are not esterified and remain as hydroxyl groups, or may be a complete ester in which all hydroxyl groups are esterified. It may be a mixture of an ester and a complete ester.
- the hydroxyl value of the polyol ester is preferably 10 mgKOH/g or less, more preferably 5 mgKOH/g or less, and further preferably 3 mgKOH/g or less.
- the proportion of fatty acids having 4 to 20 carbon atoms in the fatty acids constituting the polyol ester is preferably 20 to 100 mol %, more preferably 50 to 100 mol %, and 70 to 100 mol %. Is more preferable and 90 to 100 mol% is particularly preferable.
- fatty acid having 4 to 20 carbon atoms include butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid. , Hexadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, nonadecanoic acid, and icosanoic acid. These fatty acids may be linear or branched.
- a fatty acid having a branch at the ⁇ -position and/or the ⁇ -position is preferable, and 2-methylpropanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 2-methylpentanoic acid, 2-methylhexanoic acid, 2-ethylpentanoic acid, 2-Methylheptanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2-ethylhexadecanoic acid and the like are more preferable, and 2-ethylhexanoic acid and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid are more preferable. preferable.
- the fatty acids may contain fatty acids other than those having 4 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the fatty acid other than the C4-20 fatty acid may be, for example, a C21-24 fatty acid. Specifically, henicolic acid, docosanoic acid, tricosanoic acid, tetracosanoic acid and the like can be mentioned. These fatty acids may be linear or branched.
- a polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups is preferably used as the polyhydric alcohol constituting the polyol ester.
- the carbon number of the polyhydric alcohol is preferably 4 to 12, and more preferably 5 to 10.
- hindered alcohols such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, di-(trimethylolpropane), tri-(trimethylolpropane), pentaerythritol, and dipentaerythritol are preferable. .. Pentaerythritol or a mixed ester of pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol is more preferable because it is particularly excellent in compatibility with a refrigerant and hydrolysis stability.
- the complex ester is, for example, an ester synthesized by the following method (a) or (b).
- (B) A molar ratio of the polyhydric alcohol and the polybasic acid is adjusted to synthesize an ester intermediate in which a part of the hydroxyl groups of the polyhydric alcohol remains without being esterified, and then the remaining hydroxyl group is monovalent. Method of esterification with fatty acid.
- the complex ester obtained by the above method (a) does not generate a relatively strong acid even if it is hydrolyzed when used as a refrigerating machine oil (it is unlikely to occur), so the complex ester obtained by the above method (b) is used.
- the stability tends to be superior to that of the ester.
- a complex ester having higher stability and obtained by the method (a) above is preferable.
- the complex ester preferably has at least one selected from polyhydric alcohols having 2 to 4 hydroxyl groups, at least one selected from polybasic acids having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and 4 to 18 carbon atoms. It is an ester synthesized from a monohydric alcohol and at least one selected from monohydric fatty acids having 2 to 12 carbon atoms.
- polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 4 hydroxyl groups examples include neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and the like.
- neopentyl glycol and trimethylolpropane are preferred from the viewpoint of ensuring a suitable viscosity when using a complex ester as a base oil and obtaining good low temperature properties.
- Neopentyl glycol is more preferable from the viewpoint that viscosity can be widely adjusted.
- the polyhydric alcohol constituting the complex ester further contains a dihydric alcohol having 2 to 10 carbon atoms other than neopentyl glycol, in addition to the polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 4 hydroxyl groups.
- a dihydric alcohol having 2 to 10 carbon atoms other than neopentyl glycol ethylene glycol, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-methyl-1,5 -Pentanediol, 2,2-diethyl-1,3-pentanediol and the like.
- butanediol is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent properties of the lubricating base oil.
- examples of butanediol include 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, and 2,3-butanediol.
- 1,3-butanediol and 1,4-butanediol are more preferable from the viewpoint of obtaining good characteristics.
- the amount of the dihydric alcohol having 2 to 10 carbon atoms other than neopentyl glycol is preferably 1.2 mol or less per 1 mol of the polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 4 hydroxyl groups, and 0.8 It is more preferably at most mol, and further preferably at most 0.4 mol.
- polybasic acids having 6 to 12 carbon atoms examples include adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid and trimellitic acid.
- adipic acid and sebacic acid are preferable, and adipic acid is more preferable, from the viewpoint that the synthesized ester has an excellent balance of properties and is easily available.
- the amount of the polybasic acid having 6 to 12 carbon atoms is preferably 0.4 to 4 mol, and preferably 0.5 to 3 mol, per 1 mol of the polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 4 hydroxyl groups. It is more preferably a molar amount, further preferably 0.6 to 2.5 mol.
- Examples of monohydric alcohols having 4 to 18 carbon atoms include butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol, nonanol, decanol, dodecanol, and oleyl alcohol. These monohydric alcohols may be linear or branched.
- the monohydric alcohol having 4 to 18 carbon atoms is preferably a monohydric alcohol having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably a monohydric alcohol having 8 to 10 carbon atoms, from the viewpoint of the balance of properties.
- 2-ethylhexanol and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol are more preferable from the viewpoint of improving the low temperature characteristics of the synthesized complex ester.
- Examples of monovalent fatty acids having 2 to 12 carbon atoms include ethanoic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid and dodecanoic acid. These monovalent fatty acids may be linear or branched.
- the monovalent fatty acid having 2 to 12 carbon atoms is preferably a monovalent fatty acid having 8 to 10 carbon atoms, and among these, 2-ethylhexanoic acid and 3,5,5-trimethyl are more preferable from the viewpoint of low temperature characteristics. Hexanoic acid.
- ethers examples include polyvinyl ether, polyalkylene glycol, polyphenyl ether, perfluoroether and mixtures thereof.
- ether polyvinyl ether or polyalkylene glycol is preferable, and polyvinyl ether is more preferable.
- Polyvinyl ether has a structural unit represented by the following formula (4).
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group, and R 4 is a divalent hydrocarbon group or a divalent ether bond. It represents an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, R 5 represents a hydrocarbon group, and m represents an integer of 0 or more. When m is 2 or more, plural R 4 s may be the same or different from each other. ]
- the hydrocarbon group represented by R 1 , R 2 and R 3 has preferably 1 or more, more preferably 2 or more, still more preferably 3 or more, and preferably 8 or less, more preferably 7 or more. Or less, more preferably 6 or less. At least one of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 is preferably a hydrogen atom, and more preferably all of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen atoms.
- the carbon number of the divalent hydrocarbon group represented by R 4 and the ether bond oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 2 or more, still more preferably 3 or more, and preferably 10 or less. , More preferably 8 or less, still more preferably 6 or less.
- the divalent ether bond oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group represented by R 4 may be, for example, a hydrocarbon group having oxygen in the side chain which forms an ether bond.
- R 5 is preferably a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- this hydrocarbon group include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, an aryl group, and an arylalkyl group. Among these, an alkyl group is preferable, and an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- M is preferably 0 or more, more preferably 1 or more, still more preferably 2 or more, and preferably 20 or less, more preferably 18 or less, still more preferably 16 or less.
- the average value of m in all structural units constituting the polyvinyl ether is preferably 0-10.
- the polyvinyl ether may be a homopolymer composed of one kind selected from the structural units represented by the formula (4), or composed of two or more kinds selected from the structural units represented by the formula (4). Or a copolymer composed of the structural unit represented by the formula (4) and another structural unit. Since polyvinyl ether is a copolymer, it is possible to further improve the lubricity, insulation, hygroscopicity, etc. while satisfying the compatibility of the refrigerating machine oil with the refrigerant. At this time, various characteristics of the refrigerating machine oil can be made to be desired by appropriately selecting the type of monomer as a raw material, the type of initiator, the ratio of structural units in the copolymer, and the like.
- the copolymer may be either a block copolymer or a random copolymer.
- the copolymer has the structural unit (4-1) represented by the above formula (4) and R 5 is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and the above formula (4-1) It is preferred that R 5 has a structural unit (4-2) represented by 4) and R 5 is an alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
- R 5 has a structural unit (4-2) represented by 4) and R 5 is an alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
- An ethyl group is particularly preferable as R 5 in the structural unit (4-1), and an isobutyl group is particularly preferable as R 5 in the structural unit (4-2).
- the molar ratio of the structural unit (4-1) to the structural unit (4-2) is 5: It is preferably 95 to 95:5, more preferably 20:80 to 90:10, and further preferably 70:30 to 90:10.
- the compatibility with the refrigerant can be further improved and the hygroscopicity tends to be lowered.
- the polyvinyl ether may be composed of only the structural unit represented by the above formula (4), or may be a copolymer further having a structural unit represented by the following formula (5). .. In this case, the copolymer may be either a block copolymer or a random copolymer.
- R 6 to R 9 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. ]
- the polyvinyl ether is represented by the vinyl ether monomer corresponding to the structural unit represented by the formula (4), or by the vinyl ether monomer corresponding to the structural unit represented by the formula (4) and the formula (5). It can be produced by copolymerization with a hydrocarbon monomer having an olefinic double bond corresponding to the structural unit.
- the vinyl ether-based monomer corresponding to the structural unit represented by the formula (4) is preferably a monomer represented by the following formula (6).
- R 1, R 2, R 3, R 4, R 5 and m are, R 1, respectively formula (4) in, R 2, R 3, R 4, identical to R 5 and m Indicates the definition contents of. ]
- the polyvinyl ether preferably has the following terminal structure (A) or (B).
- R 11 , R 21 and R 31 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and R 41 has 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R 41 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group or a divalent ether-bonded oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group
- R 51 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- m has the same definition as m in formula (4). Show. When m is 2 or more, a plurality of R 41's may be the same or different.
- R 61 , R 71 , R 81 and R 91 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 12 , R 22 and R 32 may be the same or different from each other and each represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and R 42 has 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R 42 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group or a divalent ether-bonded oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group
- R 52 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- m has the same definition as m in formula (4). Show. When m is 2 or more, a plurality of R 41's may be the same or different.
- R 62 , R 72 , R 82 and R 92 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 13 , R 23 and R 33 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- polyvinyl ethers the following polyvinyl ethers (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) are particularly suitable as the base oil.
- A) One terminal has the structure represented by formula (7) or (8) and the other terminal has the structure represented by formula (9) or (10), and R 1 and R in formula (4) Polyvinyl ether in which 2 and R 3 are both hydrogen atoms, m is an integer of 0 to 4, R 4 is a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and R 5 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms ..
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 in the formula (4) are all hydrogen atoms, m is an integer of 0 to 4, R 4 is a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and R 5 is 1 carbon atom.
- Polyvinyl ether having up to 20 hydrocarbon groups.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 in the formula (4) are all hydrogen atoms, m is an integer of 0 to 4, R 4 is a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and R 5 is 1 carbon atom.
- Polyvinyl ether having up to 20 hydrocarbon groups.
- E A structural unit which is any of the above (a), (b), (c) and (d), wherein R 5 in the formula (4) is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and the R Polyvinyl ether having a structural unit in which 5 is a hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the degree of unsaturation of the polyvinyl ether is preferably 0.04 meq/g or less, more preferably 0.03 meq/g or less, and further preferably 0.02 meq/g or less.
- the peroxide value of polyvinyl ether is preferably 10.0 meq/kg or less, more preferably 5.0 meq/kg or less, and further preferably 1.0 meq/kg.
- the carbonyl value of the polyvinyl ether is preferably 100 ppm by weight or less, more preferably 50 ppm by weight or less, still more preferably 20 ppm by weight or less.
- the hydroxyl value of the polyvinyl ether is preferably 10 mgKOH/g or less, more preferably 5 mgKOH/g or less, and further preferably 3 mgKOH/g or less.
- the degree of unsaturation, peroxide value and carbonyl value in the present invention refer to values measured by the standard oil and fat analysis test method established by the Japan Oil Chemists' Society. That is, the degree of unsaturation in the present invention was determined by reacting a sample with a Wis solution (ICl-acetic acid solution), leaving it in the dark, reducing excess ICl to iodine, and titrating the iodine content with sodium thiosulfate. The iodine value is calculated by calculating the iodine value, and the iodine value is converted to vinyl equivalent (meq/g).
- ICl-acetic acid solution ICl-acetic acid solution
- the peroxide value in the present invention is a value (meq/kg) obtained by adding potassium iodide to a sample, titrating the produced free iodine with sodium thiosulfate, and converting this free iodine into milliequivalents per 1 kg of the sample.
- 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine is allowed to act on a sample to generate a quinoid ion having a color-developing property, the absorbance at 480 nm of this sample is measured, and a calibration curve previously obtained using cinnamaldehyde as a standard substance is used.
- the value (wt ppm) converted to the amount of carbonyl based on The hydroxyl value in the present invention means a hydroxyl value measured according to JIS K0070:1992.
- polyalkylene glycol examples include polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polybutylene glycol and the like.
- the polyalkylene glycol has oxyethylene, oxypropylene, oxybutylene, etc. as a structural unit.
- the polyalkylene glycol having these structural units can be obtained by ring-opening polymerization using each of the monomers ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide as raw materials.
- polyalkylene glycol examples include compounds represented by the following formula (12).
- R ⁇ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or a residue of a compound having 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups, and R ⁇ is carbon.
- R ⁇ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms
- f represents an integer of 1 to 80
- g represents 1 to Represents an integer of 8.
- the alkyl group represented by R ⁇ and R ⁇ may be linear, branched or cyclic.
- the alkyl group has preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms. When the alkyl group has 10 or less carbon atoms, the compatibility with the refrigerant tends to be kept good.
- the alkyl group portion of the acyl group represented by R ⁇ and R ⁇ may be linear, branched or cyclic.
- the acyl group has preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms. When the carbon number of the acyl group is 10 or less, compatibility with the refrigerant is maintained and phase separation is unlikely to occur.
- the groups represented by R ⁇ and R ⁇ are both alkyl groups or both are acyl groups
- the groups represented by R ⁇ and R ⁇ may be the same or different.
- g is 2 or more, a plurality of groups represented by R ⁇ and R ⁇ in the same molecule may be the same or different.
- R ⁇ When the group represented by R ⁇ is the residue of a compound having 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups, this compound may be linear or cyclic.
- R ⁇ and R ⁇ are preferably an alkyl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and further preferably a methyl group.
- both R ⁇ and R ⁇ are preferably an alkyl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and further preferably a methyl group.
- it is preferable that one of R ⁇ and R ⁇ is an alkyl group (more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms) and the other is a hydrogen atom, and one of them is a hydrogen atom. More preferably, it is a methyl group and the other is a hydrogen atom.
- both R ⁇ and R ⁇ are preferably hydrogen atoms.
- R ⁇ represents an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and specific examples of such an alkylene group include an ethylene group, a propylene group and a butylene group.
- Examples of the oxyalkylene group of the repeating unit represented by OR ⁇ include oxyethylene group, oxypropylene group and oxybutylene group.
- the oxyalkylene group represented by (OR ⁇ ) f may be composed of one kind of oxyalkylene group, or may be composed of two or more kinds of oxyalkylene groups.
- a copolymer containing an oxyethylene group (EO) and an oxypropylene group (PO) is preferred from the viewpoint of excellent compatibility with a refrigerant and viscosity-temperature characteristics.
- the ratio of oxyethylene groups (EO/(PO+EO)) to the total of oxyethylene groups and oxypropylene groups is 0.1 to 0.8 from the viewpoint of excellent baking load and viscosity-temperature characteristics. Is preferable, and 0.3 to 0.6 is more preferable.
- EO/(PO+EO) is preferably 0 to 0.5, more preferably 0 to 0.2, and 0 (that is, propylene oxide alone). Most preferably, it is a polymer).
- f represents the number of repetitions (degree of polymerization) of the oxyalkylene group OR ⁇ and is an integer of 1 to 80.
- g is an integer of 1 to 8.
- R ⁇ is an alkyl group or an acyl group
- g is 1.
- R ⁇ is a residue of a compound having 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups
- g is the number of hydroxyl groups of the compound.
- the average value of the product of f and g (f ⁇ g) is preferably 6 to 80 from the viewpoint of satisfying the required performance as a refrigerating machine oil in a well-balanced manner. ..
- the number average molecular weight of the polyalkylene glycol represented by the formula (12) is preferably 500 or more, more preferably 600 or more, and preferably 3000 or less, more preferably 2000 or less, still more preferably 1500 or less. .. f and g are preferably numbers such that the number average molecular weight of the polyalkylene glycol satisfies the above conditions. When the number average molecular weight of the polyalkylene glycol is 500 or more, the lubricity in the coexistence of a refrigerant will be sufficient.
- the composition range showing compatibility with the refrigerant even under low temperature conditions is wide, and poor lubrication of the refrigerant compressor and inhibition of heat exchange in the evaporator are less likely to occur.
- the hydroxyl value of the polyalkylene glycol is preferably 100 mgKOH/g or less, more preferably 50 mgKOH/g or less, still more preferably 30 mgKOH/g or less, most preferably 10 mgKOH/g or less.
- Polyalkylene glycol can be synthesized using a known method (“Alkylene oxide polymer”, Mita Shibata et al., Kaibundou, published November 20, 1990). For example, an alcohol (R ⁇ OH; R ⁇ formula (12) R alpha and represent the same definition in) etherified or esterified into by addition polymerization of one or more predetermined alkylene oxide, further terminal hydroxyl groups By doing so, the polyalkylene glycol represented by the formula (12) is obtained.
- the polyalkylene glycol obtained may be either a random copolymer or a block copolymer, but tends to be more excellent in oxidation stability and lubricity. From the viewpoint of the above, a block copolymer is preferable, and a random copolymer is preferable from the viewpoint that it tends to have better low temperature fluidity.
- the degree of unsaturation of the polyalkylene glycol is preferably 0.04 meq/g or less, more preferably 0.03 meq/g or less, and most preferably 0.02 meq/g or less.
- the peroxide value is preferably 10.0 meq/kg or less, more preferably 5.0 meq/kg or less, and most preferably 1.0 meq/kg.
- the carbonyl value is preferably 100 ppm by weight or less, more preferably 50 ppm by weight or less, and most preferably 20 ppm by weight or less.
- Kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of the lubricating base oil is preferably 3 mm 2 / s or more, more preferably 4 mm 2 / s or more, may be even more preferably at 5 mm 2 / s or more.
- Kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of the lubricating base oil is preferably 1000 mm 2 / s or less, more preferably 500 mm 2 / s or less, more preferably may be at 400 mm 2 / s or less.
- the kinematic viscosity of the lubricating base oil at 100° C. may be preferably 1 mm 2 /s or more, more preferably 2 mm 2 /s or more.
- the kinematic viscosity of the lubricating base oil at 100° C. may be preferably 100 mm 2 /s or less, more preferably 50 mm 2 /s or less.
- the kinematic viscosity in the present invention means the kinematic viscosity measured according to JIS K2283:2000.
- the content of the lubricating base oil may be 50% by mass or more, 60% by mass or more, 70% by mass or more, 80% by mass or more, or 90% by mass or more based on the total amount of the refrigerating machine oil.
- the refrigerating machine oil may further contain other additives in addition to the amine salt in the present embodiment described above.
- additives include acid scavengers, antioxidants, extreme pressure agents, oiliness agents, defoamers, metal deactivators, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, detergent dispersants, phosphonic acids.
- anti-wear agents other than phosphonic acid monoester.
- the content of each of these additives may be preferably 10% by mass or less, and more preferably 5% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the refrigerating machine oil.
- these additives are added before blending the lubricant base oil with the amine salt in the present embodiment, or the phosphonic acid diester and the amine compound in the present embodiment. Alternatively, they may be added after being blended, or may be blended at the same time.
- acid scavengers include epoxy compounds (epoxy acid scavengers).
- epoxy compound include a glycidyl ether type epoxy compound, a glycidyl ester type epoxy compound, an oxirane compound, an alkyloxirane compound, an alicyclic epoxy compound, an epoxidized fatty acid monoester, and an epoxidized vegetable oil. These epoxy compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- glycidyl ether type epoxy compound for example, an aryl glycidyl ether type epoxy compound or an alkyl glycidyl ether type epoxy compound represented by the following formula (13) can be used.
- R a represents an aryl group or an alkyl group having 5 to 18 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the glycidyl ether type epoxy compound represented by the formula (13) include n-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, i-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, sec-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, tert-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, pentylphenyl glycidyl ether, and hexyl.
- the alkyl group represented by R a has 5 or more carbon atoms, the stability of the epoxy compound is ensured, the epoxy compound is decomposed before reacting with water, fatty acid, and oxidative deterioration product, or the epoxy compounds are polymerized with each other. The occurrence of polymerization can be suppressed, and the desired function can be easily obtained.
- the carbon number of the alkyl group represented by Ra is 18 or less, the solubility with the refrigerant is kept good, and it is possible to prevent the occurrence of defects such as poor cooling due to precipitation in the refrigeration system. ..
- glycidyl ether type epoxy compound in addition to the epoxy compound represented by the formula (13), neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, It is also possible to use sorbitol polyglycidyl ether, polyalkylene glycol monoglycidyl ether, polyalkylene glycol diglycidyl ether and the like.
- glycidyl ester type epoxy compound for example, a compound represented by the following formula (14) can be used.
- R b represents an aryl group, an alkyl group having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group.
- glycidyl ester type epoxy compound represented by the formula (14) glycidyl benzoate, glycidyl neodecanoate, glycidyl-2,2-dimethyloctanoate, glycidyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate are preferable.
- the alkyl group represented by R b has 5 or more carbon atoms, the stability of the epoxy compound is ensured, the epoxy compound is decomposed before reacting with water, fatty acid, and oxidative deterioration product, or the epoxy compounds are polymerized with each other. The occurrence of polymerization can be suppressed, and the desired function can be easily obtained.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group or alkenyl group represented by R b is 18 or less, the solubility with the refrigerant is kept good, and the precipitation in the refrigerator is less likely to cause problems such as poor cooling. You can
- the alicyclic epoxy compound is a compound represented by the following general formula (15) having a partial structure in which carbon atoms constituting an epoxy group directly form an alicyclic ring.
- Examples of the alicyclic epoxy compound include 1,2-epoxycyclohexane, 1,2-epoxycyclopentane, 3',4'-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate, bis(3,4- Epoxycyclohexylmethyl)adipate, exo-2,3-epoxynorbornane, bis(3,4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexylmethyl)adipate, 2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-yl )-Spiro(1,3-dioxane-5,3′-[7]oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, 4-(1′-methylepoxyethyl)-1,2-epoxy-2-methylcyclohexane , 4-epoxyethyl-1,2-epoxycyclohexane is preferred.
- allyloxirane compound examples include 1,2-epoxystyrene and alkyl-1,2-epoxystyrene.
- alkyloxirane compound examples include 1,2-epoxybutane, 1,2-epoxypentane, 1,2-epoxyhexane, 1,2-epoxyheptane, 1,2-epoxyoctane, 1,2-epoxynonane, 1, 2-epoxydecane, 1,2-epoxyundecane, 1,2-epoxydodecane, 1,2-epoxytridecane, 1,2-epoxytetradecane, 1,2-epoxypentadecane, 1,2-epoxyhexadecane, 1, Examples thereof include 2-epoxyheptadecane, 1,1,2-epoxyoctadecane, 2-epoxynonadecane, and 1,2-epoxyicosane.
- epoxidized fatty acid monoester examples include esters of epoxidized fatty acid having 12 to 20 carbon atoms and alcohol having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, phenol, or alkylphenol.
- esters of epoxidized fatty acid having 12 to 20 carbon atoms and alcohol having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, phenol, or alkylphenol examples include butyl, hexyl, benzyl, cyclohexyl, methoxyethyl, octyl, phenyl and butylphenyl esters of epoxystearic acid.
- epoxidized vegetable oils include epoxy compounds of vegetable oils such as soybean oil, linseed oil and cottonseed oil.
- the epoxy compound is preferably at least one selected from a glycidyl ester type epoxy compound and a glycidyl ether type epoxy compound, and from the viewpoint of excellent compatibility with a resin material (for example, nylon) used for a member in a refrigerator. , Preferably at least one selected from glycidyl ester type epoxy compounds.
- antioxidant for example, di-tert. It may be a phenolic antioxidant such as butyl-p-cresol.
- a phosphorus antiwear agent may be mentioned.
- phosphorus-based antiwear agents include alkyl hydrogen phosphites; phosphates such as triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and tricresyl phosphate (TCP); thiophosphates such as triphenyl phosphorothionate (TPPT). And so on.
- Kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of the refrigerating machine oil is preferably 3 mm 2 / s or more, more preferably 4 mm 2 / s or more, may be even more preferably at 5 mm 2 / s or more.
- Kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of the refrigerating machine oil is preferably 500 mm 2 / s or less, more preferably 400 mm 2 / s or less, more preferably may be less 300 mm 2 / s.
- the kinematic viscosity of the refrigerating machine oil at 100° C. may be preferably 1 mm 2 /s or more, more preferably 2 mm 2 /s or more.
- the kinematic viscosity of the refrigerating machine oil at 100° C. may be preferably 100 mm 2 /s or less, more preferably 50 mm 2 /s or less.
- the pour point of the refrigerating machine oil may be preferably -10°C or lower, more preferably -20°C or lower.
- the pour point in the present invention means the pour point measured according to JIS K2269:1987.
- the volume resistivity of the refrigerating machine oil is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 9 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 11 ⁇ m or more.
- the volume resistivity in the present invention means the volume resistivity at 25° C. measured according to JIS C2101:1999.
- the water content of the refrigerator oil may be preferably 200 ppm or less, more preferably 100 ppm or less, still more preferably 50 ppm or less, based on the total amount of the refrigerator oil.
- the water content in the present invention means the water content measured according to JIS K2275.
- the acid value of the refrigerating machine oil may be preferably 1.0 mgKOH/g or less, more preferably 0.1 mgKOH/g or less.
- the acid value in the present invention means an acid value measured according to JIS K2501:2003.
- the ash content of the refrigerating machine oil may be preferably 100 ppm or less, more preferably 50 ppm or less.
- the ash content in the present invention means the ash content measured according to JIS K2272:1998.
- the refrigerating machine oil according to the present embodiment usually exists as a working fluid composition for a refrigerating machine mixed with a refrigerant in a refrigerating machine. That is, the refrigerating machine oil according to the present embodiment is used together with a refrigerant, and the working fluid composition for a refrigerating machine according to the present embodiment contains the refrigerating machine oil and the refrigerant according to the present embodiment.
- refrigerant examples include saturated fluorohydrocarbon refrigerants, unsaturated fluorohydrocarbon refrigerants, hydrocarbon refrigerants, fluorine-containing ether-based refrigerants such as perfluoroethers, bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfide refrigerants, and trifluoroiodide.
- examples include methane refrigerants, natural refrigerants such as ammonia and carbon dioxide, and mixed refrigerants of two or more selected from these refrigerants.
- the saturated fluorohydrocarbon refrigerant is preferably a saturated fluorohydrocarbon having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
- the saturated fluorohydrocarbon refrigerant is appropriately selected from the above according to the application and the required performance.
- a preferable example is a mixture of 1/1 to 15% by mass/40 to 60% by mass.
- the unsaturated fluorohydrocarbon (HFO) refrigerant is preferably fluoropropene, more preferably fluoropropene having a fluorine number of 3 to 5.
- Specific examples of the unsaturated fluorohydrocarbon refrigerant include 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225ye) and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze).
- HFO-1234yf 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
- HFO-1234ye 1,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
- HFO-1243zf 3,3,3-trifluoropropene It is preferable that it is any one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds. From the viewpoint of the physical properties of the refrigerant, one or more selected from HFO-1225ye, HFO-1234ze and HFO-1234yf are preferable.
- the hydrocarbon refrigerant is preferably a hydrocarbon having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrocarbon having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the hydrocarbon include methane, ethylene, ethane, propylene, propane (R290), cyclopropane, normal butane, isobutane, cyclobutane, methylcyclopropane, 2-methylbutane, normal pentane or two or more of these.
- propane normal butane, isobutane, cyclobutane, methylcyclopropane, 2-methylbutane, normal pentane or two or more of these.
- propane, normal butane, isobutane, 2-methyl butane or a mixture thereof is preferable.
- the content of the refrigerating machine oil in the working fluid composition for a refrigerator may be preferably 1 to 500 parts by mass, more preferably 2 to 400 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the refrigerant.
- the refrigerator oil and the working fluid composition for a refrigerator include an air conditioner having a reciprocating or rotating hermetic compressor, a refrigerator, an open or hermetic car air conditioner, a dehumidifier, a water heater, and a freezer. It is preferably used for a refrigerator/freezer, a vending machine, a showcase, a refrigerator of a chemical plant, a refrigerator having a centrifugal compressor, and the like.
- a refrigerating machine oil was prepared by blending the following base oil with the following various additives so that the composition shown in Table 1 (mass% based on the total amount of refrigerating machine oil) was obtained.
- Refrigerating machine oil was prepared by adding base oil to a mixture of additives obtained by mixing the above-mentioned various additives.
- kinematic viscosity 46 mm 2 /S, kinematic viscosity at 100° C.: 6.3 mm 2 /s)
- A2 Neopentyl glycol (1 mol) and 1,4-butanediol (0.2 mol) are reacted with adipic acid (1.5 mol) to form an ester intermediate, and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol ( 1.1 mol) was further reacted and the remaining unreacted material was removed by distillation to obtain a complex ester (kinematic viscosity at 40° C.: 146 mm 2 /s, viscosity index: 140).
- (Phosphonic acid diester) B1 Dilauryl hydrogen phosphite
- B2 Di(2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen phosphite
- B3 Dioleyl hydrogen phosphite
- Example 1 phosphonic acid diester B1 and amine compound C1 and other additives were added to base oil A1 and mixed at 60° C. for 60 minutes to obtain a refrigerator oil.
- NMR analysis it was confirmed by NMR analysis that amine salts of phosphonic acid and/or amine salts of phosphonic acid monoester were formed in the refrigerating machine oil.
- 1 and 2 show 31 P-NMR charts showing that amine salts of phosphonic acid and/or amine salts of phosphonic acid monoester are formed in the refrigerating machine oil.
- FIG. 1 is a 31 P-NMR chart measured by adding phosphonic acid diester B1 to a solvent (heavy benzene), and it can be seen that phosphonic acid diester, phosphonic acid monoester and phosphonic acid are present. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, it was inferred that the amine compound C1 produced the phosphonic acid monoester and the amine salt of phosphonic acid. Similarly, regarding the refrigerating machine oil of Example 1, peaks of these amine salts were confirmed on the 31 P-NMR chart.
- the refrigerating machine oils of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were evaluated on the day of preparation of the refrigerating machine oil and the abrasion resistance after 7 days in a constant temperature bath at 60° C. from the preparation day by the following procedure. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the refrigerating machine oil of Comparative Example 2 was not evaluated for wear resistance after 7 days since the wear resistance effect was not obtained as of the day of adjustment.
- a friction tester using a vane (SKH-51) as the upper test piece and a disk (SNCM220 HRC50) as the lower test piece was installed inside the closed container. After introducing 600 g of each refrigerating machine oil into the friction test site and vacuum degassing the system, 100 g of R32 refrigerant was introduced and heated. After the temperature inside the closed container was set to 110° C., a wear test was performed at a load of 1000 N and a rotation speed of 750 rpm, and the vane wear amount and the disc wear amount after the test for 60 minutes were measured. The smaller the amount of wear, the better the wear resistance.
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Abstract
Description
すなわち、まず、冷凍機油の貯蔵時には、ホスホン酸又はホスホン酸モノエステルがアミン塩の形態で存在するため、これらの成分を冷凍機油中に安定的に保持できるものと考えられる。そして、冷凍機油の使用時には、アミン塩から一部又は全部のアミン化合物が脱離してホスホン酸又はホスホン酸モノエステルの形態となり、これらの成分による耐摩耗性向上効果が有効に発現し得るものと考えられる。
アルキルベンゼン(A):炭素数1~19のアルキル基を1~4個有し、かつそのアルキル基の合計炭素数が9~19であるアルキルベンゼン(好ましくは、炭素数1~15のアルキル基を1~4個有し、かつアルキル基の合計炭素数が9~15であるアルキルベンゼン)
アルキルベンゼン(B):炭素数1~40のアルキル基を1~4個有し、かつそのアルキル基の合計炭素数が20~40であるアルキルベンゼン(好ましくは、炭素数1~30のアルキル基を1~4個有し、かつアルキル基の合計炭素数が20~30であるアルキルベンゼン)
(a)多価アルコールと多塩基酸とのモル比を調整して、多塩基酸のカルボキシル基の一部がエステル化されずに残存するエステル中間体を合成し、次いでその残存するカルボキシル基を一価アルコールでエステル化する方法。
(b)多価アルコールと多塩基酸とのモル比を調整して、多価アルコールの水酸基の一部がエステル化されずに残存するエステル中間体を合成し、次いでその残存する水酸基を一価脂肪酸でエステル化する方法。
(a)一方の末端が式(7)又は(8)で表され、かつ他方の末端が式(9)又は(10)で表される構造を有し、式(4)におけるR1、R2及びR3がいずれも水素原子、mが0~4の整数、R4が炭素数2~4の二価の炭化水素基、R5が炭素数1~20の炭化水素基であるポリビニルエーテル。
(b)式(4)で表される構造単位のみを有するものであって、一方の末端が式(7)で表され、かつ他方の末端が式(9)で表される構造を有し、式(4)におけるR1、R2及びR3がいずれも水素原子、mが0~4の整数、R4が炭素数2~4の二価の炭化水素基、R5が炭素数1~20の炭化水素基であるポリビニルエーテル。
(c)一方の末端が式(7)又は(8)で表され、かつ他方の末端が式(11)で表される構造を有し、式(4)におけるR1、R2及びR3がいずれも水素原子、mが0~4の整数、R4が炭素数2~4の二価の炭化水素基、R5が炭素数1~20の炭化水素基であるポリビニルエーテル。
(d)式(4)で表される構造単位のみを有するものであって、一方の末端が式(8)で表され、かつ他方の末端が式(11)で表される構造を有し、式(4)におけるR1、R2及びR3がいずれも水素原子、mが0~4の整数、R4が炭素数2~4の二価の炭化水素基、R5が炭素数1~20の炭化水素基であるポリビニルエーテル。
(e)上記(a),(b),(c)及び(d)のいずれかであって、式(4)におけるR5が炭素数1~3の炭化水素基である構造単位と該R5が炭素数3~20の炭化水素基である構造単位とを有するポリビニルエーテル。
[式(12)中、Rαは水素原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数2~10のアシル基又は2~8個の水酸基を有する化合物の残基を表し、Rβは炭素数2~4のアルキレン基を表し、Rγは水素原子、炭素数1~10のアルキル基又は炭素数2~10のアシル基を表し、fは1~80の整数を表し、gは1~8の整数を表す。]
A1:下記(a1)及び(a2)の混合基油(混合比(質量比):(a1)/(a2)=70/30)
(a1)ペンタエリスリトールと、2-メチルプロパン酸/3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸との混合脂肪酸(混合比(質量比):60/40)とのポリオールエステル(40℃動粘度:46mm2/s、100℃動粘度:6.3mm2/s)
(a2)ネオペンチルグリコール(1モル)及び1,4-ブタンジオール(0.2モル)にアジピン酸(1.5モル)を反応させたエステル中間体に、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサノール(1.1モル)を更に反応させ、残存した未反応物を蒸留で除去して得たコンプレックスエステル(40℃動粘度:146mm2/s、粘度指数:140)
B1:ジラウリルハイドロジェンホスファイト
B2:ジ(2-エチルヘキシル)ハイドロジェンホスファイト
B3:ジオレイルハイドロジェンホスファイト
C1:ジ(2-エチルヘキシル)アミン
C2:オレイルアミン
フェノール系酸化防止剤、リン系摩耗防止剤、エポキシ系酸捕捉剤を含むパッケージ添加剤
密閉容器の内部に上側試験片にベーン(SKH-51)、下側試験片にディスク(SNCM220 HRC50)を用いた摩擦試験装置を装着した。摩擦試験部位に各冷凍機油を600g導入し、系内を真空脱気した後、R32冷媒を100g導入して加熱した。密閉容器内の温度を110℃とした後、負荷荷重1000N、回転数750rpmにおいて、摩耗試験を行い、60分間の試験後のベーン摩耗量及びディスク摩耗量を計測した。摩耗量の値が小さいほど、耐摩耗性に優れていることを意味する。
Claims (3)
- 潤滑油基油と、
ホスホン酸のアミン塩及びホスホン酸モノエステルのアミン塩からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種と、
を含有する冷凍機油。 - 潤滑油基油又は潤滑油基油を含む油類組成物に、ホスホン酸のアミン塩及びホスホン酸モノエステルのアミン塩からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種を添加する工程を備える、冷凍機油の製造方法。
- 潤滑油基油又は潤滑油基油を含む油類組成物に、ホスホン酸ジエステルとアミン化合物とを添加する工程を備える、冷凍機油の製造方法。
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JPH0517794A (ja) * | 1991-07-17 | 1993-01-26 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 潤滑油組成物 |
JPH0925492A (ja) * | 1995-07-12 | 1997-01-28 | Kao Corp | 冷凍機作動流体用組成物 |
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WO1996011246A1 (fr) * | 1994-10-05 | 1996-04-18 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Composition d'huile pour machines frigorifiques |
JP5379485B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-29 | 2013-12-25 | 出光興産株式会社 | 圧縮型冷凍機用潤滑油、及びそれを用いた冷凍装置 |
JP5226242B2 (ja) | 2007-04-18 | 2013-07-03 | 出光興産株式会社 | 冷凍機用潤滑油組成物 |
EP2733192A1 (en) * | 2009-08-28 | 2014-05-21 | JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation | Refrigerant oil for freezers and operating fluid composition for freezers |
JP5689428B2 (ja) * | 2012-02-22 | 2015-03-25 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 冷凍機油組成物及びその製造方法、冷凍機用作動流体組成物 |
WO2016133000A1 (ja) * | 2015-02-20 | 2016-08-25 | Jxエネルギー株式会社 | 冷凍機油及び冷凍機用作動流体組成物 |
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JPH0517794A (ja) * | 1991-07-17 | 1993-01-26 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 潤滑油組成物 |
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