WO2020147748A1 - 绝缘检测电路及检测方法、电池管理系统 - Google Patents

绝缘检测电路及检测方法、电池管理系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020147748A1
WO2020147748A1 PCT/CN2020/072250 CN2020072250W WO2020147748A1 WO 2020147748 A1 WO2020147748 A1 WO 2020147748A1 CN 2020072250 W CN2020072250 W CN 2020072250W WO 2020147748 A1 WO2020147748 A1 WO 2020147748A1
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Prior art keywords
sampling
resistor network
module
network
switching device
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2020/072250
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杜宝海
吴国秀
李伟强
李前邓
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
    • G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
    • G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
    • G01R31/1272—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of cable, line or wire insulation, e.g. using partial discharge measurements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/025—Measuring very high resistances, e.g. isolation resistances, i.e. megohm-meters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/005—Testing of electric installations on transport means
    • G01R31/006—Testing of electric installations on transport means on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/40—Control modes
    • B60L2260/44—Control modes by parameter estimation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to an insulation detection circuit and detection method, and a battery management system.
  • the insulation detection of the battery pack is mainly based on the AC injection method or the partial pressure method.
  • the AC injection method or the partial pressure method can only detect that the battery pack is on the side of the battery pack to be tested before the positive switch module or the negative switch module is closed.
  • the insulation resistance, or the insulation resistance of the internal load side after the positive switch module or the negative switch module is closed cannot detect the insulation resistance of the load side when the positive switch module or the negative switch module is not closed, and when the positive switch module or the negative switch module Closed, if there is a problem with the insulation resistance on the side where the load is located, it will cause damage to the controller.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide an insulation detection circuit and detection method, and a battery management system, which can detect the insulation resistance of the load side when the positive switch module or the negative switch module is not closed.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an insulation detection circuit, which includes: an isolated power supply module, a first positive sampling module, a first negative sampling module, a second positive sampling module, a second negative sampling module, and processing ⁇ , where,
  • the first terminal of the first positive sampling module is connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack to be tested and the first terminal of the positive switch module, and the second terminal of the first positive sampling module is connected to the first reference voltage terminal.
  • the first positive sampling module Configured to provide a first sampling signal at the first sampling point;
  • the first terminal of the first negative electrode sampling module is connected to the first reference voltage terminal, and the second terminal of the first negative electrode sampling module is respectively connected to the negative electrode of the battery to be tested and the first terminal of the negative switch module.
  • the first negative electrode sampling module Configured to provide a second sampling signal as a second sampling point;
  • the first terminal of the second positive sampling module is connected to the positive terminal of the isolated power supply module and the second terminal of the positive switch module, the second terminal of the second positive sampling module is connected to the second reference voltage terminal, and the second positive sampling module is Configured to provide a third sampling signal for the third sampling point;
  • the first terminal of the second negative sampling module is connected to the second reference voltage terminal, and the second terminal of the second negative sampling module is connected to the negative pole of the isolated power supply module and the second terminal of the negative switch module.
  • the second negative sampling module is Configured to provide a fourth sampling signal for the fourth sampling point;
  • the processor is respectively connected to the first sampling point, the second sampling point, the third sampling point, and the fourth sampling point.
  • the processor is configured to obtain the positive electrode of the battery pack under test according to the first sampling signal and the second sampling signal.
  • the insulation resistance of the high-voltage circuit relative to the first reference voltage terminal and the insulation resistance of the negative high-voltage circuit on the side of the battery pack to be tested relative to the first reference voltage terminal, according to the third sampling signal and the fourth sampling signal obtain the positive high voltage of the load side
  • the first positive electrode sampling module includes a first resistor network, a second resistor network, and a first switching device connected in series; the first end of the first resistor network is respectively connected to the positive electrode of the battery under test and The first terminal of the positive switch module is connected, the second terminal of the first resistor network is connected to the first terminal of the second resistor network and the first sampling point, and the second terminal of the second resistor network is connected to the first reference voltage terminal
  • the first negative sampling module includes a third resistor network, a fourth resistor network, and a second switching device; the first end of the third resistor network is connected to the first reference voltage terminal, and the second end of the third resistor network is connected to the first The two sampling points are connected to the first end of the fourth resistor network, and the second end of the fourth resistor network is respectively connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack to be tested and the first end of the negative switch module.
  • the insulation detection circuit further includes a first pull-up voltage source and a ninth resistor network, the first end of the ninth resistor network is connected to the first pull-up voltage source, and the ninth resistor network The second end of the second sampling point is connected.
  • the insulation detection circuit further includes a tenth resistor network and a third switching device connected in series, and an eleventh resistor network and a fourth switching device connected in series;
  • the terminal is connected with the positive terminal of the battery pack under test, the second terminal of the tenth resistor network is connected with the first reference voltage terminal; the first terminal of the eleventh resistor network is connected with the first reference voltage terminal, the eleventh resistor network The second end of is connected to the negative pole of the battery under test.
  • the insulation detection circuit further includes a twelfth resistor network and a thirteenth resistor network, the twelfth resistor network is connected in series with the tenth resistor network and the third switching device, and the twelfth resistor
  • the first end of the network is connected to the second end of the tenth resistor network, the second end of the twelfth resistor network is connected to the first reference voltage terminal;
  • the thirteenth resistor network is connected to the eleventh resistor network and the fourth switching device In series connection, the first end of the thirteenth resistor network is connected to the second end of the eleventh resistor network, and the second end of the thirteenth resistor network is connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack under test.
  • the insulation detection circuit further includes a first filter unit and a second filter unit; the first end of the first filter unit is connected to the first sampling point, and the second end of the first filter unit Connected to the processor and used to filter the first sampled signal; the first end of the second filter unit is connected to the second sampling point, and the second end of the second filter unit is connected to the processor and used to sample the second The signal is filtered.
  • the second positive electrode sampling module includes a fifth resistor network, a sixth resistor network, and a fifth switching device connected in series; the first end of the fifth resistor network is connected to the positive electrode of the isolated power supply module.
  • the second end of the positive switch module is connected, the second end of the fifth resistor network is connected to the third sampling point and the first end of the sixth resistor network, and the second end of the sixth resistor network is connected to the second reference voltage terminal
  • the second negative sampling module includes a seventh resistor network, an eighth resistor network, and a sixth switching device connected in series; the first end of the seventh resistor network is connected to the second reference voltage terminal, and the second end of the seventh resistor network is respectively It is connected to the fourth sampling point and the first end of the eighth resistance network, and the second end of the eighth resistance network is respectively connected to the negative electrode of the isolated power supply module and the second end of the negative switch module.
  • the insulation detection circuit further includes a second pull-up voltage source and a fourteenth resistor network, the first end of the fourteenth resistor network is connected to the second pull-up voltage source, and the tenth The second end of the four-resistance network is connected to the fourth sampling point.
  • the insulation detection circuit further includes a fifteenth resistor network and a seventh switching device connected in series, and a sixteenth resistor network and an eighth switching device connected in series; wherein, the fifteenth resistor The first end of the network is connected to the positive terminal of the isolated power module, the second end of the fifteenth resistor network is connected to the second reference voltage end; the first end of the sixteenth resistor network is connected to the second reference voltage end, The second end of the sixteen resistor network is connected to the negative pole of the isolated power module.
  • the insulation detection circuit further includes a seventeenth resistor network and an eighteenth resistor network; wherein the seventeenth resistor network is connected in series with the fifteenth resistor network and the seventh switching device, and the first The first end of the seventeenth resistor network is connected to the second end of the fifteenth resistor network, and the second end of the seventeenth resistor network is connected to the second reference voltage terminal; the eighteenth resistor network is connected to the sixteenth resistor network and The eighth switching device is connected in series, the first end of the eighteenth resistor network is connected to the second end of the sixteenth resistor network, and the second end of the eighteenth resistor network is connected to the negative electrode of the isolated power module.
  • the insulation detection circuit further includes a third filter unit and a fourth filter unit; the first end of the third filter unit is connected to the third sampling point, and the second end of the third filter unit Connected to the processor and used to filter the third sampled signal; the first end of the fourth filter unit is connected to the fourth sampling point, and the second end of the fourth filter unit is connected to the processor for the fourth sample The signal is filtered.
  • the insulation detection circuit further includes: a first analog-to-digital conversion unit, a second analog-to-digital conversion unit, a third analog-to-digital conversion unit, and a fourth analog-to-digital conversion unit, wherein the first The two ends of the analog-to-digital conversion unit are respectively connected to the first sampling point and the processor; the two ends of the second analog-to-digital conversion unit are respectively connected to the second sampling point and the processor; The three sampling points are connected to the processor; the two ends of the fourth analog-to-digital conversion unit are respectively connected to the fourth sampling point and the processor.
  • the isolated power module includes an isolated power drive unit and a transformer connected to each other; the isolated power drive unit is powered by a DC voltage source or a battery pack; the isolated power drive unit and the transformer are connected to the DC voltage source or After the output voltage of the battery pack is processed, it supplies power to the positive and negative poles of the isolated power module.
  • the coil of the transformer includes two ends, a first end and a second end, respectively, wherein the first end of the coil on the first side of the transformer is connected to the first end of the isolated power drive unit.
  • the output end is connected, the second end of the coil on the first side of the transformer is connected to the second output end of the isolated power drive unit; the first end of the coil on the second side of the transformer supplies power to the positive pole of the isolated power module, and is located on the second side of the transformer.
  • the second end of the coil on the side supplies power to the negative pole of the isolated power module.
  • the coil of the transformer includes three ends, namely, a first end, a second end, and a third end, wherein the first end of the coil on the first side of the transformer is driven by the isolated power supply
  • the first output end of the unit is connected, the second end of the coil on the first side of the transformer is connected to the third reference voltage terminal, and the third end of the coil on the first side of the transformer is connected to the second output of the isolated power drive unit ;
  • the first end of the coil on the second side of the transformer supplies power to the positive pole of the isolated power module, and the second end of the coil on the second side of the transformer supplies power to the negative pole of the isolated power module, and the third end of the coil on the second side of the transformer Used to connect the first end of the coil on the second side of the transformer.
  • the isolated power module further includes a nineteenth resistor network, which is located on the line between the coil on the second side of the transformer and the positive or negative pole of the isolated power module.
  • the isolated power supply module further includes a first isolated transmission unit; the first end of the first isolated transmission unit is connected to the first end or the second end of the nineteenth resistor network, and the first The second end of the isolated transmission unit is connected to the first input end of the isolated power drive unit.
  • the isolated power supply module further includes a current sampling unit, a second isolation transmission unit, and a micro-processing unit that are electrically connected in sequence;
  • the current sampling unit includes a first sampling terminal and a second sampling terminal.
  • a sampling end is connected to the first end of the nineteenth resistance network
  • the second sampling end is connected to the second end of the nineteenth resistance network
  • the micro-processing unit is also connected to the second input end of the isolated power drive unit.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a battery management system, which includes the above insulation detection circuit.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a detection method for an insulation detection circuit, which is used in the above insulation detection circuit.
  • the method includes: obtaining a first sampling signal from a first sampling point, and obtaining a first sampling signal from a second sampling point.
  • Second sampling signal according to the first sampling signal and the second sampling signal, the insulation resistance of the positive high-voltage circuit on the side of the battery pack to be tested relative to the first reference voltage terminal and the negative high-voltage circuit on the side of the battery pack to be tested relative to the first reference The insulation resistance of the voltage terminal;
  • the third sampling signal is obtained from the third sampling point, and the fourth sampling signal is obtained from the fourth sampling point.
  • the third sampling signal and the fourth sampling signal it is obtained that the positive high voltage circuit on the load side is relative to the second The insulation resistance of the reference voltage terminal and the insulation resistance of the negative high-voltage circuit on the load side relative to the second reference voltage terminal.
  • the first positive electrode sampling module includes a first resistor network, a second resistor network, and a first switching device connected in series; the first end of the first resistor network is respectively connected to the positive electrode of the battery under test and The first terminal of the positive switch module is connected, the second terminal of the first resistor network is connected to the first terminal of the second resistor network and the first sampling point, and the second terminal of the second resistor network is connected to the first reference voltage terminal
  • the first negative sampling module includes a third resistor network, a fourth resistor network, and a second switching device; the first end of the third resistor network is connected to the first reference voltage terminal, and the second end of the third resistor network is connected to the first The second sampling point is connected to the first end of the fourth resistor network, and the second end of the resistor network is connected to the negative electrode of the battery to be tested and the first end of the negative switch module; the first sampling signal is obtained from the first sampling point, And obtaining the second sampling signal from the second sampling point includes
  • the first positive electrode sampling module includes a first resistor network, a second resistor network, and a first switching device connected in series; the first end of the first resistor network is respectively connected to the battery pack under test The positive pole and the first terminal of the positive switch module are connected, the second terminal of the first resistor network is connected to the first terminal and the first sampling point of the second resistor network, and the second terminal of the second resistor network is connected to the first reference voltage Terminal connection;
  • the first negative sampling module includes a third resistor network, a fourth resistor network, and a second switching device; the first end of the third resistor network is connected to the first reference voltage terminal, and the second end of the third resistor network is respectively It is connected to the second sampling point and the first end of the fourth resistor network.
  • the second end of the resistor network is respectively connected to the negative electrode of the battery to be tested and the first end of the negative switch module;
  • the insulation detection circuit also includes a tenth The resistance network and the third switching device, and the eleventh resistance network and the fourth switching device connected in series; the first end of the tenth resistance network is connected to the positive electrode of the battery under test, and the second end of the tenth resistance network is connected to the first The reference voltage terminal is connected; the first terminal of the eleventh resistor network is connected with the first reference voltage terminal, and the second terminal of the eleventh resistor network is connected with the negative electrode of the battery under test; the first terminal is obtained from the first sampling point.
  • the sampling signal and obtaining the second sampling signal from the second sampling point include: closing the first switching device and the second switching device; obtaining the first sampling voltage from the first sampling point, and obtaining the second sampling voltage from the second sampling point ; If the first sampling voltage is greater than or equal to the second sampling voltage, the third switching device is closed, the first sampling signal is obtained from the first sampling point, and the second sampling signal is obtained from the second sampling point; if the first sampling voltage is less than the first sampling voltage If the voltage is sampled two, the third switching device is opened, the fourth switching device is closed, the first sampling signal is obtained from the first sampling point, and the second sampling signal is obtained from the second sampling point.
  • the second positive electrode sampling module includes a fifth resistor network, a sixth resistor network, and a fifth switching device connected in series; the first end of the fifth resistor network is connected to the positive electrode of the isolated power module The second end of the positive switch module is connected, the second end of the fifth resistor network is connected to the third sampling point and the first end of the sixth resistor network, and the second end of the sixth resistor network is connected to the second reference voltage terminal
  • the second negative sampling module includes a seventh resistor network, an eighth resistor network, and a sixth switching device connected in series; the first end of the seventh resistor network is connected to the second reference voltage terminal, and the second end of the seventh resistor network is respectively Connected to the fourth sampling point and the first end of the eighth resistor network, and the second end of the eighth resistor network is respectively connected to the negative pole of the isolated power supply module and the second end of the negative switch module; the third sample is obtained from the third sampling point Signal, obtaining the fourth sampling signal
  • the second positive electrode sampling module includes a fifth resistor network, a sixth resistor network, and a fifth switching device connected in series; the first end of the fifth resistor network is connected to the positive electrode of the isolated power module The second end of the positive switch module is connected, the second end of the fifth resistor network is connected to the third sampling point and the first end of the sixth resistor network, and the second end of the sixth resistor network is connected to the second reference voltage terminal
  • the second negative sampling module includes a seventh resistor network, an eighth resistor network, and a sixth switching device connected in series; the first end of the seventh resistor network is connected to the second reference voltage terminal, and the second end of the seventh resistor network is respectively It is connected to the fourth sampling point and the first end of the eighth resistor network, and the second end of the eighth resistor network is respectively connected to the negative pole of the isolated power supply module and the second end of the negative switch module;
  • the insulation detection circuit also includes a tenth The five resistor network and the
  • the isolated power supply module includes an isolated power supply drive unit and a transformer connected to each other. After the isolated power supply drive unit and the transformer process the output voltage of the DC voltage source or the battery pack, the isolated power supply module The positive and negative poles of the transformer are powered; the coil on the second side of the transformer is rectified by the rectifier element to supply power to the positive and negative poles of the isolated power module; the isolated power module also includes a nineteenth resistor network, and the two ends of the nineteenth resistor network are connected to the rectifier respectively. The output terminal of the element is connected to the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the isolated power module.
  • the detection method further includes: at a first predetermined moment, collecting a first group of electrical signals from the first end and the second end of the nineteenth resistor network, based on the first Group electrical signals to obtain the charging current of the isolated power supply module at the first predetermined time; at the second predetermined time, collect a second group of electrical signals from the first and second ends of the nineteenth resistor network, and based on the second group of electrical signals Signal to obtain the charging current of the isolated power module at the second predetermined time, the first predetermined time is earlier than the second predetermined time; the charging current at the first predetermined time and the charging current at the second predetermined time are compared; the judgment is made according to the comparison result Whether the load power circuit of the battery pack to be tested is short-circuited; if the load power circuit fails, turn off the isolated power drive unit, and disable the positive switch module and negative switch module, and will indicate that the load power circuit is faulty The information is reported to the higher-level controller.
  • the first terminal of the second positive sampling module is connected to the positive terminal of the isolated power supply module and the second terminal of the positive switch module, and the second terminal of the second positive sampling module is connected to the second reference voltage terminal.
  • the first end of the second negative electrode sampling module is connected to the second reference voltage terminal, and the second end of the second negative electrode sampling module is connected to the negative electrode of the isolated power supply module and the second end of the negative switch module.
  • the isolated power supply module can be connected to the second positive sampling module, the second negative sampling module, the insulation resistance of the positive high-voltage circuit on the load side relative to the second reference voltage terminal, and the negative high-voltage circuit on the load side relative to the second reference voltage.
  • the insulation resistance value of the terminal forms a loop
  • the isolated power module can also form a loop with the equivalent impedance of the load appliance. That is, the isolated power module can connect to the second positive sampling module, the second negative sampling module, and the positive high voltage circuit relative to the second reference voltage terminal.
  • the insulation resistance and the insulation resistance of the negative high-voltage circuit on the side where the load is located relative to the second reference voltage terminal, and the load is powered by an electrical appliance.
  • the isolated power module can replace the battery pack to be tested to supply power to the second positive sampling module, the second negative sampling module, the positive insulation resistance of the load side and the negative insulation resistance of the load side, and the load electrical appliances.
  • the insulation detection circuit can measure the insulation resistance of the load side of the battery pack under test when the positive switch module and the negative switch module are not closed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an insulation detection circuit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an insulation detection circuit provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an insulation detection circuit provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an insulation detection circuit provided by another embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an insulation detection circuit provided by another embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a flyback isolated power supply module provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a push-pull isolated power supply module provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a detection method of an insulation detection circuit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of a detection method of an insulation detection circuit provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 10 is a charging simulation circuit of an isolated power module provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 11 is a simulation curve of the charging current corresponding to Fig. 10;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic flowchart of a detection method of an insulation detection circuit provided by another embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic flowchart of a detection method of an insulation detection circuit provided by another embodiment of this application.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide an insulation detection circuit, a detection method, and a battery management system.
  • the insulation detection circuit can detect the insulation resistance of the load side when the positive switch module or the negative switch module is not closed.
  • the battery pack to be tested in the embodiments of the application may be a lithium ion battery, a lithium metal battery, a lead-acid battery, a nickel barrier battery, a nickel hydrogen battery, a lithium sulfur battery, a lithium air battery, or a sodium ion battery, which is not limited here.
  • the battery pack to be tested can also be a single battery cell, a battery module or a battery pack, which is not limited here.
  • FIG 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an insulation detection circuit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the insulation detection circuit includes: an isolated power supply module Y1, a first positive sampling module F11, a first negative sampling module F12, and a second The positive sampling module F21, the second negative sampling module F22 and the processor C1.
  • the first terminal of the first positive sampling module F11 is respectively connected to the positive terminal of the battery to be tested and the first terminal of the positive switch module K+, and the second terminal of the first positive sampling module F11 is connected to the first reference voltage terminal GND1
  • the first positive electrode sampling module F11 is configured to provide the first sampling signal at the first sampling point S11.
  • the first terminal of the first negative electrode sampling module F12 is connected to the first reference voltage terminal GND1, and the second terminal of the first negative electrode sampling module F12 is respectively connected to the negative electrode of the battery under test and the first terminal of the negative switch module K-,
  • the first negative sampling module F12 is configured to provide a second sampling signal at the second sampling point S12.
  • the first terminal of the second positive sampling module F21 is connected to the positive terminal of the isolated power supply module Y1 and the second terminal of the positive switch module K+, the second terminal of the second positive sampling module F21 is connected to the second reference voltage terminal GND2,
  • the two positive electrode sampling module F21 is configured to provide a third sampling signal at the third sampling point S21.
  • the first terminal of the second negative sampling module F22 is connected to the second reference voltage terminal GND2, and the second terminal of the second negative sampling module F22 is respectively connected to the negative terminal of the isolated power supply module Y1 and the second terminal of the negative switch module K-,
  • the second negative sampling module F22 is configured to provide a fourth sampling signal at the fourth sampling point S22.
  • the processor C1 is respectively connected to the first sampling point S11, the second sampling point S12, the third sampling point S21, and the fourth sampling point S22.
  • the processor C1 is configured to calculate according to the first sampling signal and the second sampling signal. Measure the insulation resistance Rip of the positive high-voltage circuit on the battery pack side with respect to the first reference voltage terminal GND1 and the insulation resistance Rin of the three-dimensional negative high-voltage circuit on the battery pack side with respect to the first reference voltage terminal GND1.
  • the sampling signal and the fourth sampling signal are calculated to obtain the insulation resistance Rep of the positive high voltage circuit on the load side relative to the second reference voltage terminal GND2 and the insulation resistance of the negative high voltage circuit on the load side relative to the second reference voltage terminal GND2. Ren.
  • the positive switch module K+ and the negative switch module K- can be understood as switching devices located between the battery pack to be tested and the electrical circuit of the load, such as relays, insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). )Wait.
  • IGBTs insulated gate bipolar transistors
  • the actual voltages of the first reference reference voltage terminal GND1 and the second reference reference voltage terminal GND2 can be set according to the working scenarios and requirements of the insulation detection circuit.
  • the two can be the same or different, and are not limited here.
  • the first reference voltage terminal GND1 may be the housing of the battery pack
  • the second reference voltage terminal GND2 may be the body of the entire vehicle.
  • the processor C1 may be a processing device dedicated to the insulation detection circuit, or a processing device shared with other circuits.
  • the detection circuit can be an independent circuit structure or a part of the overall circuit structure.
  • the control of the positive switch module K+ and the negative switch module K- can be executed by the processor C1 or other control devices, which is not limited here.
  • the insulation detection circuit in the embodiment of the present application may be integrated into the battery management system of the battery pack, for example, a part of the overall circuit structure of the battery management system is used for insulation detection of the battery pack.
  • Figure 1 also shows Cip, Cin, Cep, Cen, and Cx, where Cip and Cin are the equivalent capacitances between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery under test and its case, respectively, and Cep and Cen are the batteries under test, respectively.
  • Cip and Cin are the equivalent capacitances between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery under test and its case, respectively
  • Cep and Cen are the batteries under test, respectively
  • the equivalent capacitance between the positive and negative poles of the group and the vehicle body, Cx is the X capacitance.
  • the first terminal of the second positive sampling module F21 is respectively connected to the positive terminal of the isolated power supply module Y1 and the second terminal of the positive switch module K+, and the second terminal of the second positive sampling module F21 is connected to the second reference
  • the reference voltage terminal GND2 is connected;
  • the first terminal of the second negative sampling module F22 is connected to the second reference reference voltage terminal GND2, and
  • the second terminal of the second negative sampling module F22 is respectively connected to the negative electrode of the isolated power supply module Y1 and the negative switch module K- The second end of the connection.
  • the isolated power supply module Y1 can form a loop with the second positive sampling module F21, the second negative sampling module F22, the insulation resistance Rep and the insulation resistance Ren, and it can also form a loop with the equivalent impedance Rx of the load appliance, that is, the isolated power supply
  • the module Y1 can supply power to the second positive electrode sampling module F21, the second negative electrode sampling module F22, the insulation resistance Rep and the insulation resistance Ren, and the load electrical appliances.
  • the battery pack under test Only when the positive switch module K+ and the negative switch module K- are closed can the battery pack under test be able to send to the second positive sampling module F21, the second negative sampling module F22, the insulation resistance Rep, the insulation resistance Ren, and the load appliances.
  • the isolated power supply module Y1 can replace the battery pack to be tested to supply power to the second positive sampling module F21, the second negative sampling module F22, the insulation resistance Rep and the insulation resistance Ren, and the load appliance, so that the insulation detection circuit can be used in When the positive switch module K+ and the negative switch module K- are not closed, the insulation resistance of the load side is measured.
  • the embodiment of the present application can also distinguish the insulation resistance Rep and the insulation resistance Ren on the side of the load, so as to accurately identify whether the positive electrode or the negative electrode on the side of the load has a problem.
  • switching devices can be added at the positions of the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the isolated power supply module Y1, which are used to disconnect when the insulation resistance of the side where the load is located is not required to avoid the battery pack.
  • the high voltage enters the isolated power supply module Y1.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an insulation detection circuit provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • a first positive sampling module F11, a first negative sampling module F12, a second positive sampling module F21, and a second negative sampling module F22 can be composed of components. The following will illustrate the specific structures of the first positive sampling module F11, the first negative sampling module F12, the second positive sampling module F21, and the second negative sampling module F22.
  • the first positive sampling module F11 includes a first resistor network R1, a second resistor network R2, and a first switching device K1 connected in series
  • the first negative sampling module F12 includes a third resistor network R3 and a fourth resistor connected in series. Network R4 and second switching device K2.
  • the first end of the first resistor network R1 is respectively connected to the positive electrode of the battery under test and the first end of the positive switch module K+, and the second end of the first resistor network R1 is respectively connected to the first end of the second resistor network R2. It is connected to the first sampling point S11, and the second end of the second resistor network R2 is connected to the first reference voltage terminal GND1.
  • the first end of the third resistor network R3 is connected to the first reference voltage terminal GND1
  • the second end of the third resistor network R3 is connected to the second sampling point S12 and the first end of the fourth resistor network R4 is connected
  • the fourth The second end of the resistor network R4 is respectively connected to the negative electrode of the battery under test and the first end of the negative switch module K-.
  • the first resistor network R1, the second resistor network R2, the third resistor network R3, and the fourth resistor network R4 play the role of voltage dividing.
  • the resistance values of the first resistor network R1 and the second resistor network R2 can be adjusted,
  • the variation range of the first sampling signal at the first sampling point S11 is adjusted, and the variation range of the second sampling signal at the second sampling point S12 is adjusted by adjusting the resistance values of the third resistor network R3 and the fourth resistor network R4.
  • the combination form and resistance value of the first resistance network R1 and the second resistance network R2 can be the same, and the combination form and resistance value of the third resistance network R3 and the fourth resistance network R4 can be the same.
  • the positions of the first switching device K1 and the second switching device K2 are adjustable, and the first switching device K1 and the second switching device K2 are used to cooperate to provide the first sampling signal and the second sampling signal, for example, when the first switching device When K1 is closed and the second switching device K2 is opened, the first sampling point S11 can provide the first sampling signal. When the first switching device K1 is opened and the second switching device K2 is closed, the second sampling point S12 can provide the second sampling signal. Sample the signal.
  • Two ends of the first switching device K1 shown in FIG. 2 are respectively connected to the second end of the first resistor network R1 and the first sampling point S11.
  • the two ends of the first switching device K1 may also be connected to the positive electrode of the battery under test and the first end of the first resistance network R1, or may also be connected to the first sampling point S11 and the second resistance network R2, respectively.
  • the first terminal of R3 is connected, or it can also be connected to the second terminal of the second resistor network R3 and the first reference voltage terminal GND1 respectively.
  • Two ends of the second switching device K2 shown in FIG. 2 are respectively connected to the second end of the third resistor network R3 and the second sampling point S12.
  • both ends of the second switching device K2 may also be connected to the first reference voltage terminal GND1 and the first end of the third resistance network R3, or may also be connected to the second sampling point S12 and the fourth resistance network respectively.
  • the first end of R4 is connected, or can also be connected to the second end of the fourth resistor network R4 and the negative electrode of the battery pack under test.
  • the second positive sampling module F21 includes a fifth resistor network R5, a sixth resistor network R6, and a fifth switching device K5 connected in series
  • the second negative sampling module F22 includes a seventh resistor network R7 and an eighth resistor connected in series. Network R8 and sixth switching device K6.
  • the first end of the fifth resistor network R5 is connected to the positive pole of the isolated power supply module Y1 and the second end of the positive switch module K+, and the second end of the fifth resistor network R5 is connected to the third sampling point S21 and the sixth resistor network, respectively
  • the first end of R6 is connected, and the second end of the sixth resistor network R6 is connected to the second reference voltage terminal GND2.
  • the first end of the seventh resistor network R7 is connected to the second reference voltage terminal GND2, the second end of the seventh resistor network R7 is respectively connected to the fourth sampling point S22 and the first end of the eighth resistor network R8, and the eighth resistor
  • the second end of the network R8 is respectively connected to the negative pole of the isolated power supply module Y1 and the second end of the negative switch module K-.
  • the fifth resistor network R5, the sixth resistor network R6, the seventh resistor network R7, and the eighth resistor network R8 play the role of voltage dividing.
  • the resistance values of the fifth resistor network R5 and the sixth resistor network R6 can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance value of the fifth resistor network R5 and the sixth resistor network R6.
  • the variation range of the third sampling signal at the third sampling point S21 is adjusted, and the variation range of the fourth sampling signal at the fourth sampling point S22 is adjusted by adjusting the resistance values of the seventh resistor network R7 and the eighth resistor network R8.
  • the combination form and resistance value of the fifth resistance network R5 and the sixth resistance network R6 can be the same, and the combination form and resistance value of the seventh resistance network R7 and the eighth resistance network R8 can be the same.
  • the positions of the fifth switching device K5 and the second switching device K6 are adjustable, and the fifth switching device K5 and the sixth switching device K6 are used to cooperate to provide the third sampling signal and the fourth sampling signal.
  • the third sampling point S21 can provide a third sampling signal.
  • the fourth sampling point S22 can provide a fourth sampling signal. Sample the signal.
  • the two ends of the fifth switching device K5 shown in FIG. 2 are respectively connected to the second end of the fifth resistor network R5 and the third sampling point S21.
  • both ends of the fifth switching device K5 may also be connected to an isolated power supply.
  • the anode of the module Y1 is connected to the first end of the fifth resistance network R5, or can also be connected to the third sampling point S21 and the first end of the sixth resistance network R6, or can also be connected to the second end of the sixth resistance network R6 It is connected to the second reference voltage terminal GND2.
  • the switching device includes components that can realize the switching function, which is not limited herein.
  • the switching device may be a mechanical switch such as a single-pole single-throw switch, or may be an electronic switch such as a triode, a metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOS) tube, or a reed switch.
  • MOS metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor
  • the insulation detection circuit further includes a first analog to digital conversion unit, a second analog to digital conversion unit, a third analog to digital conversion unit, and a fourth analog to digital conversion unit (not shown in the figure).
  • the unit, the second analog-to-digital conversion unit, the third analog-to-digital conversion unit, and the fourth analog-to-digital conversion unit may be independent ADC conversion chips, or the processor may also implement corresponding functions.
  • both ends of the first analog-to-digital conversion unit are respectively connected to the first sampling point S11 and the processor C1, and are configured to convert the analog signal collected at the first sampling point S11 into a digital signal;
  • the two ends are respectively connected to the second sampling point S12 and the processor C1, and are configured to convert the analog signal collected by the second sampling point S12 into a digital signal;
  • the two ends of the third analog-to-digital conversion unit are respectively connected to the third sampling point S21 and processing
  • the device C1 is connected, and is configured to convert the analog signal collected by the third sampling point S21 into a digital signal;
  • both ends of the fourth analog-to-digital conversion unit are respectively connected to the fourth sampling point S22 and the processor C1, and are configured to convert the fourth The analog signal collected at the sampling point S22 is converted into a digital signal.
  • Fig. 2 also shows a first filter unit L1, a second filter unit L2, a third filter unit L3, and a fourth filter unit L4, wherein the first end of the first filter unit L1 is connected to the first sampling point S11, The second end of the first filter unit L1 is connected to the processor for filtering the first sampled signal; the first end of the second filter unit L2 is connected to the second sampling point S12, and the second end of the second filter unit L2 The terminal is connected to the processor for filtering the second sampling signal; the first terminal of the third filtering unit L3 is connected to the third sampling point S21, and the second terminal of the third filtering unit L3 is connected to the processor for The third sampling signal is filtered; the first end of the fourth filtering unit L4 is connected to the fourth sampling point S22, and the second end of the fourth filtering unit L4 is connected to the processor, and is used for filtering the fourth sampling signal
  • the filtering unit can filter out the interference part in the sampled signal and improve the accuracy of signal sampling.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an insulation detection circuit provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • the improvement of FIG. 3 over FIG. 2 is that the insulation detection circuit shown in FIG. 3 also includes a first pull-up voltage source V1 and a ninth The resistor network R9, the second pull-up voltage source V2 and the fourteenth resistor network R14.
  • the first end of the ninth resistor network R9 is connected to the first pull-up voltage source V1, and the second end of the ninth resistor network R9 is connected to the second sampling point S12. That is, in the embodiment of the present application, a pull-up power supply is added to the second sampling point S12 between the negative electrode of the battery under test and the first reference voltage terminal GND1, so that the first sampling point S11 and the second sampling point S12 can be Sharing the detection ports of the same analog-to-digital conversion unit avoids using two analog-to-digital conversion units with different reference voltages for detection due to the opposite voltage directions of the first reference voltage terminal GND1, thereby saving detection resources.
  • the first end of the fourteenth resistor network R14 is connected to the second pull-up voltage source V2, and the second end of the fourteenth resistor network R14 is connected to the fourth sampling point S22. That is, the embodiment of the present application is connected to the isolated power supply module
  • the negative pole of Y1 adds a pull-up power supply to the fourth sampling point S22 between the first reference voltage terminal GND1, so that the third sampling point S21 and the fourth sampling point S22 can share the detection port of the same analog-to-digital conversion unit to avoid
  • the two voltages have opposite directions to the second reference voltage terminal GND2 and use two analog-to-digital conversion units with different reference voltages for detection, thereby saving detection resources.
  • both ends of the second switching device K2 are connected to the second sampling point S12 and the fourth resistor respectively.
  • the first end of the network R4 is connected.
  • both ends of the sixth switching device K6 are respectively connected to the fourth sampling point S22 and the first end of the eighth resistance network R8.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an insulation detection circuit provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • the improvement of FIG. 4 over FIG. 2 is that the insulation detection circuit shown in FIG. 4 also includes a tenth resistor network R10 and a third resistor network connected in series.
  • the first end of the tenth resistor network R10 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery under test
  • the second end of the tenth resistor network R10 is connected to the first reference voltage terminal GND1
  • the first end of the eleventh resistor network R11 is connected to The first reference voltage terminal GND1 is connected
  • the second terminal of the eleventh resistor network R11 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack under test.
  • the impedance of the insulation detection circuit will be different from the insulation resistance of the battery pack under test.
  • the detection accuracy has an impact.
  • the eleventh resistor network R11 is connected to reduce the impedance of the insulation detection circuit, so as to reduce the influence of the detection accuracy of the insulation resistance on the side of the battery pack to be tested, thereby improving the insulation detection accuracy.
  • the resistance of the tenth resistor network R10 and/or the eleventh resistor network R11 can be reduced to minimize the influence of the impedance of the insulation detection loop on the detection accuracy of the insulation resistance on the side of the battery pack to be tested. Improve the accuracy of insulation detection.
  • the first end of the fifteenth resistor network R15 is connected to the positive electrode of the isolated power supply module Y1
  • the second end of the fifteenth resistor network R15 is connected to the second reference voltage terminal GND2
  • the first end of the sixteenth resistor network R16 The terminal is connected to the second reference voltage terminal GND2
  • the second terminal of the sixteenth resistor network R16 is connected to the negative electrode of the isolated power supply module Y1.
  • the resistance of the insulation detection circuit will be affected by the insulation resistance on the side of the load. Has an impact on the detection accuracy.
  • control The fifteenth resistor network R15 and/or the sixteenth resistor network R16 are connected to reduce the impedance of the insulation detection circuit, so as to reduce the impact on the detection accuracy of the insulation resistance on the side of the load, thereby improving the insulation detection accuracy.
  • the influence of the impedance of the insulation detection circuit on the detection accuracy of the insulation resistance on the side of the load can be minimized, and the insulation detection can be improved. Accuracy.
  • the positions of the third switching device K3, the fourth switching device K4, the seventh switching device K7, and the eighth switching device K8 are adjustable.
  • the two ends of the third switching device K3 shown in FIG. 4 are respectively connected to the second end of the tenth resistor network R10 and the first reference voltage terminal GND1, and the two ends of the fourth switching device K4 are respectively connected to the eleventh resistor network
  • the second end of R11 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery to be tested.
  • the two ends of the seventh switching device K7 are respectively connected to the second end of the fifteenth resistor network R15 and the second reference voltage terminal GND2.
  • the eighth switching device K8 The two ends are respectively connected to the second end of the sixteenth resistor network R16 and the negative electrode of the isolated power supply module Y1.
  • both ends of the third switching device K3 may also be connected to the positive electrode of the battery under test and the first end of the tenth resistance network R10, respectively, and both ends of the fourth switching device K4 may also be connected to the first reference reference respectively.
  • the voltage terminal GND1 is connected to the first end of the eleventh resistor network R11
  • the two ends of the seventh switching device K7 can also be respectively connected to the positive electrode of the isolated power supply module Y1 and the first end of the fifteenth resistor network R15
  • the eighth switch The two ends of the device K8 can also be connected to the second reference voltage terminal GND2 and the first end of the sixteenth resistor network R16 respectively.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an insulation detection circuit provided by another embodiment of the application. The difference between FIG. 5 and FIG. 4 is that the insulation detection circuit in FIG. 5 also includes a twelfth resistor network R12 and a thirteenth resistor network R13, the seventeenth resistor network R17 and the eighteenth resistor network R18.
  • the twelfth resistor network R12 is connected in series with the tenth resistor network R10 and the third switching device K3, the first end of the twelfth resistor network R12 is connected to the second end of the tenth resistor network R10, and the twelfth resistor network R12 The second end of is connected to the first reference voltage terminal GND1, and the third switching device K3 can control the tenth resistor network R10 and the twelfth resistor network R12 to turn on to reduce the detection accuracy of the insulation resistance on the side of the battery pack under test , Thereby improving the accuracy of insulation detection.
  • the thirteenth resistor network R13 is connected in series with the eleventh resistor network R11 and the fourth switching device K4, the first end of the thirteenth resistor network R13 is connected to the second end of the eleventh resistor network R11, and the thirteenth resistor network R13 The second end of is connected to the negative pole of the battery pack under test, and the eleventh resistor network R11 and the thirteenth resistor network R13 can be controlled through the fourth switching device K4 to reduce the detection accuracy of the insulation resistance on the side of the battery pack under test. , Thereby improving the accuracy of insulation detection.
  • the seventeenth resistor network R17 is connected in series with the fifteenth resistor network R15 and the seventh switching device K7.
  • the first end of the seventeenth resistor network R17 is connected to the second end of the fifteenth resistor network R15.
  • the second terminal is connected to the second reference voltage terminal GND2, and the fifteenth resistor network R15 and the seventeenth resistor network R17 can be controlled through the seventh switching device K7 to reduce the impact on the detection accuracy of the insulation resistance on the load side , Thereby improving the accuracy of insulation detection.
  • the eighteenth resistor network R18 is connected in series with the sixteenth resistor network R16 and the eighth switching device K8, the first end of the eighteenth resistor network R18 is connected to the second end of the sixteenth resistor network R16, and the eighteenth resistor network R18 The second end of is connected to the negative pole of the isolated power supply module Y1.
  • the eighth switching device K8 can control the sixteenth resistor network R16 and the eighteenth resistor network R18 to turn on to reduce the impact on the detection accuracy of the insulation resistance on the load side , Thereby improving the accuracy of insulation detection.
  • the positions of the third switching device K3, the fourth switching device K4, the seventh switching device K7, and the eighth switching device K8 in FIG. 5 are adjustable. Those skilled in the art can adjust the positions of the switching devices according to the functions of the switching devices mentioned above. The position in the corresponding detection branch is not limited here.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a flyback isolated power supply module provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a push-pull isolated power supply module provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the isolated power supply module Y1 includes an isolated power drive unit 601 and a transformer 602 connected to each other.
  • the isolated power drive unit 601 may be powered by a DC voltage source (for example, 12V) or a battery pack.
  • a DC voltage source for example, 12V
  • the transformer 602 After the isolated power drive unit 601 and the transformer 602 process the output voltage of the DC voltage source or the battery pack, supply power to the positive and negative electrodes of the isolated power module Y1, for example, from 12V to 60V.
  • the transformer 602 rises The voltage after voltage should not be too high, so as not to affect the safety of the load circuit due to the high voltage.
  • the coil of the transformer of the flyback isolated power supply module includes two ends, a first end and a second end, respectively.
  • the first end of the coil A1 on the first side of the transformer is connected to the first output end of the isolated power drive unit 601, and the second end of the coil A1 on the first side of the transformer is connected to the second output end of the isolated power drive unit 601.
  • the first end of the coil A2 on the second side of the transformer supplies power to the positive pole of the isolated power supply module Y1
  • the second end of the coil A2 on the second side of the transformer supplies power to the negative pole of the isolated power supply module Y1.
  • the coil of the transformer of the push-pull isolated power module includes three ends, namely a first end, a second end, and a third end.
  • the first end of the coil A1 on the first side of the transformer is connected to the first output end of the isolated power drive unit 601, and the second end of the coil A1 on the first side of the transformer is connected to the third reference voltage terminal GND3,
  • the third end of the coil on the first side of the transformer is connected to the second output end of the isolated power drive unit 601.
  • the first end of the coil A2 on the second side of the transformer supplies power to the positive pole of the isolated power supply module Y1
  • the second end of the coil A2 on the second side of the transformer supplies power to the negative pole of the isolated power supply module Y1
  • the coil A2 on the second side of the transformer The third end of is used to connect the first end of coil A2 on the second side of the transformer.
  • the isolated power module further includes a nineteenth resistor network R19.
  • the nineteenth resistor network R19 is located on the line between the coil A2 on the second side of the transformer and the positive or negative pole of the isolated power module Y1.
  • the nine-resistance network R19 can perform state detection on the charging circuit of the isolated power supply module Y1.
  • the nineteenth resistor network R19 is located on the line between the coil A2 on the second side of the transformer and the anode of the isolated power module Y1, and the rectification effect is realized by the diode D1.
  • the diode D1 and the second side of the transformer 602 Connect the first end of the coil A2.
  • the diode D1 may also be connected to the second end of the coil A2 on the second side of the transformer 602.
  • the nineteenth resistor network R19 is located on the line between the coil A2 on the second side of the transformer and the anode of the isolated power supply module Y1.
  • the diode D2 and the diode D3 are used to achieve rectification.
  • the diode D2 and the transformer 502 The first end of the coil A2 on the second side is connected, and the diode D3 is connected to the second end of the coil A2 on the second side of the transformer 602.
  • the isolated power supply module Y1 further includes a first isolated transmission unit 603, a first end of the first isolated transmission unit 603 and a first end or a second end of the ninth resistor network R9 Connected, the second end of the first isolated transmission unit 603 is connected to the first input end of the isolated power drive unit 601.
  • the first isolation transmission unit 603 may be an isolation circuit capable of implementing analog data transmission.
  • it is composed of an isolation switch and a sampling circuit.
  • the sampling circuit is used to collect the voltage feedback signal at the first or second end of the nineteenth resistor network R19.
  • the isolation switch can be an isolation optocoupler device. After the isolation switch is turned on, the The voltage feedback signal is safely transmitted to the isolated power supply driving unit 601, and the isolated power supply driving unit 601 adjusts the charging current of the isolated power supply module Y1 according to the voltage feedback signal to maintain a stable state.
  • the isolated power supply module Y1 further includes a current sampling unit 605, a second isolated transmission unit 604 and a micro-processing unit 606 electrically connected in sequence.
  • the current sampling unit 505 is respectively connected to the first end and the second end of the nineteenth resistor network R19, and the micro-processing unit 606 is also connected to the second input end of the isolated power supply driving unit 601.
  • the current sampling unit 605 may be a differential sampling circuit
  • the second isolation transmission unit 604 may be an isolation circuit capable of implementing digital data transmission.
  • the differential sampling circuit is used to collect the voltage feedback signal of the voltage feedback signal at the first end and the second end of the nineteenth resistor network R19, obtain the charging loop current through calculation, and then safely transmit the charging loop current to the microcomputer through the digital isolation circuit.
  • the collected first terminal and second terminal voltage of the nineteenth resistor network R19 can also be directly transmitted to the micro-processing unit 606, and the micro-processing unit 606 calculates the charging loop current, and the micro-processing unit 606 can pass Judge the size of the charging current at different times when the isolated power supply module Y1 is charging the side of the load, and indirectly judge whether there is a short circuit in the load power circuit, so as to avoid the safety problems caused by the short circuit of the load power circuit.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 only illustrate the flyback boost and push-pull isolated power modules, it is understandable that power modules that can achieve isolated transmission, such as flyback buck, are within the protection scope of this application. Inside.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a detection method of an insulation detection circuit provided by an embodiment of the application. As shown in FIG. 8, the detection method includes step 801 and step 802.
  • step 801 the first sampling signal is obtained from the first sampling point S11, and the second sampling signal is obtained from the second sampling point S12. According to the first sampling signal and the second sampling signal, the positive electrode high voltage of the battery pack to be tested is obtained.
  • the insulation resistance Rip of the circuit relative to the first reference voltage terminal GND1 and the insulation resistance Rin of the negative high-voltage circuit on the side where the battery pack to be tested is located relative to the first reference voltage terminal GND1.
  • the first sampling signal and the second sampling signal need to be collected in conjunction with the closing and opening of the first switching device K1 and the second switching device K2.
  • the first switching device K1 can be closed first, and the second switching device K2 can be opened.
  • the first sampling signal is obtained from the first sampling point S11, then the first switching device K1 is turned off, the second switching device K2 is closed, and the second sampling signal is obtained from the second sampling point S12.
  • step 802 the third sampling signal is obtained from the third sampling point S21, and the fourth sampling signal is obtained from the fourth sampling point S22. According to the third sampling signal and the fourth sampling signal, it is obtained that the positive high-voltage circuit on the load side is relative to the first The insulation resistance Rep of the second reference voltage terminal GND2 and the insulation resistance Ren of the negative high-voltage circuit on the side of the load relative to the second reference voltage terminal GND2.
  • the third sampling signal and the fourth sampling signal need to be collected with the closing and opening of the fifth switching device K5 and the sixth switching device K6.
  • the fifth switching device K5 can be closed first, and the sixth switching device K6 can be opened.
  • the third sampling signal is obtained from the third sampling point S21; then the fifth switching device K5 is turned off, the sixth switching device K6 is closed, and the fourth sampling signal is obtained from the fourth sampling point S22.
  • Figures 1 to 5 also schematically show the insulation resistance Rip and insulation resistance Rin on the side of the battery pack to be tested, and the insulation resistance Rep and insulation resistance Ren on the side of the battery pack to be tested on the circuit diagram. Location.
  • the first switching device K1 is closed and the second switching device K2 is opened.
  • the voltage at both ends of the second resistor network R2 is the positive internal resistance sampling voltage, denoted as Vp;
  • the first switching device K1 is opened and the second switching device K2 is closed.
  • the voltage across the third resistor network R3 is the negative internal resistance sampling voltage, denoted as Vn;
  • R1 is the resistance of the first resistance network R1
  • R2 is the resistance of the second resistance network R2
  • R3 is the resistance of the third resistance network R3
  • R4 is the resistance of the fourth resistance network R4. Since R1 to R4 are known quantities and Ubat, Vp, and Vn are detected quantities, the values of Rip and Rin can be calculated according to formulas (1)-(3).
  • the total voltage Ubat of the battery pack to be tested is obtained through detection.
  • the value of Ubat can also be obtained through reference, or directly obtained through high-voltage sampling, which is not limited here.
  • the sixth resistor network R6 is two The terminal voltage is the positive external resistance sampling voltage, denoted as Vep; then, the fifth switching device K5 is disconnected, and the sixth switching device K6 is closed. At this time, the voltage across the seventh resistor network R7 is the negative external resistance sampling voltage, denoted as Ven .
  • R5 is the resistance of the fifth resistance network R5
  • R6 is the resistance of the sixth resistance network R6
  • R7 is the resistance of the seventh resistance network R7
  • R8 is the resistance of the eighth resistance network R8,
  • Uiso is the isolated power supply The total output voltage of module Y1.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flow chart of a detection method of an insulation detection circuit provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • the detection method includes steps 901 to 909 for determining where the battery pack to be tested is based on the insulation detection circuit in FIGS. 4 and 5
  • the detection process of the positive high-voltage circuit on the side relative to the insulation resistance Rip and the insulation resistance Rin of the first reference voltage terminal GND1 will be described in detail.
  • step 901 the first switching device K1 is closed, and the second switching device K2 is closed.
  • step 902 the first sampling point voltage Vip1 is read, and the second sampling point voltage Vin1 is read.
  • step 903 it is determined whether Vip1 ⁇ Vin1 is established, if yes, then step 904 is executed, otherwise, step 907 is executed.
  • step 904 the third switching device K3 is closed, the fourth switching device K4 is opened, and Vip1 and the line impedance are reduced by voltage division to improve detection accuracy.
  • step 905 the first sampling point voltage Vip2 is read, and the second sampling point voltage Vin2 is read.
  • step 906 based on Kirchhoff's law, a system of equations about Rip and Rin is established according to Vip1, Vin1, Vip2, and Vin2, and the values of Rip and Rin are obtained by solving the equations.
  • step 907 the third switching device K3 is turned off, the fourth switching device K4 is closed, and the voltage division reduces Vin2 and the line impedance to improve the detection accuracy.
  • step 908 the first sampling point voltage Vip3 is read, and the second sampling point voltage Vin3 is read.
  • step 909 based on Kirchhoff's law, a system of equations about Rip and Rin is established according to Vip1, Vin1, Vip3, and Vin3, and the values of Rip and Rin are obtained by solving the equations.
  • the insulation resistance value Rip and the insulation resistance value Rin are compared with their respective preset standard thresholds, it is possible to monitor in real time the electrical connection between the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the battery case on the battery pack under test. Whether the insulation resistance meets the standard, so as to avoid safety problems caused by the insulation resistance between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery pack under test and the battery case that does not meet the standard.
  • Fig. 10 is a charging simulation loop of an isolated power module provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Y1 is the isolated power supply
  • Ra is the equivalent line impedance
  • Rx is the equivalent load impedance
  • Cx is the X capacitor
  • Rc is the equivalent impedance of the X capacitor.
  • the charging simulation loop in Figure 10 can be simulated. Get the charging current simulation curve in Figure 11.
  • the charging current of the isolated power supply module Y1 during the charging of the load side can be judged to indirectly determine whether there is a short circuit in the load power circuit.
  • the first predetermined moment collect the first set of voltage signals from the first and second ends of the nineteenth resistor network R19 (see Figure 6 or Figure 7), and obtain an isolated power module based on the first set of voltage signals
  • the charging current at the first predetermined time; at the second predetermined time, the second set of voltage signals are collected from the first and second ends of the nineteenth resistor network R19, and based on the second set of voltage signals, the isolated power supply module is For the charging current at the second predetermined time, the first predetermined time is earlier than the second predetermined time. Then, the charging current at the first predetermined time is compared with the charging current at the second predetermined time, and according to the comparison result, it is determined whether the load circuit of the battery pack to be tested is short-circuited.
  • the current detected at t1 can be set to I1. After a period of time, the current detected at t2 is I2. If I1>I2, the load impedance on the side of the load is basically normal, and the next step is to proceed. Insulation detection, if I1 ⁇ I2, it means that the load circuit is short-circuited. It is necessary to directly report the abnormal load impedance fault on the side where the load is located, and send a disabling signal to the isolated power drive unit 601 in time to avoid insulation impedance to low voltage ground Normal, but the abnormal load causes the risk of high voltage direct short circuit. Among them, those skilled in the art can select specific values of t1 and t2 according to actual conditions, which are not limited here.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic flow chart of a detection method of an insulation detection circuit provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • the detection method includes steps 121 to 134 for detecting the insulation detection circuit on the side of the load based on the insulation detection circuit in Figs.
  • the detection process of insulation resistance Rep and insulation resistance Ren will be described in detail.
  • step 121 the isolated power module is enabled.
  • step 122 read the current I1 of the isolated power supply charging loop at the current moment.
  • step 123 the current I2 of the isolated power charging circuit is read again after a predetermined time.
  • step 124 it is determined whether I2 ⁇ I1 is established, if yes, then step 125 is executed, if not, step 126 is executed.
  • step 125 the load circuit fault is reported.
  • step 126 the fifth switching device K5 is closed, and the sixth switching device K6 is closed.
  • step 127 the third sampling point voltage Vep1 is read, and the fourth sampling point voltage Ven1 is read.
  • step 128 it is determined whether Vep1 ⁇ Ven1 is established, if it is established, step 129 is executed, otherwise, step 132 is executed.
  • step 129 the seventh switching device K7 is closed, and the detection accuracy is improved by reducing Vep1 and line impedance by dividing the voltage.
  • step 130 the third sampling point voltage Vep2 is read, and the fourth sampling point voltage Ven2 is read.
  • step 131 based on Kirchhoff's law, a system of equations about Rep and Ren is established according to Vep1, Ven1, Vep2, and Ven2, and the values of Rep and Ren are obtained by solving the equations.
  • step 132 the eighth switching device K8 is closed, and the detection accuracy is improved by reducing Ven2 and line impedance by dividing the voltage.
  • step 133 the third sampling point voltage Vep3 is read, and the fourth sampling point voltage Vin4 is read.
  • step 134 based on Kirchhoff's law, a system of equations about Rep and Ren is established according to Vep1, Ven1, Vip4, and Vin4, and the values of Rep and Ren are obtained by solving the equations.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic flow chart of a detection method for an insulation detection circuit provided by another embodiment of the application.
  • the detection method includes steps 1301 to 1303, and is used to briefly describe the insulation detection strategy in the embodiment of the application.
  • step 1301 read the register flag bit. Through the register flag bit, you can know whether the insulation resistance value of the power battery under test was abnormal when it started running. If there is an abnormality, go to step 1302. If there is no abnormality, skip the insulation test Link.
  • step 1302 it is determined whether external insulation detection is required. If yes, then steps 121 to 134 (see Figure 12) are executed to detect the insulation resistance value Rep and the insulation resistance value Ren on the side of the battery pack to be tested. , And then execute step 1303 after the execution of step 134 is completed, if not, execute step 1303 directly.
  • step 1303 it is determined whether internal insulation detection is required. If so, steps 901 to 909 (see FIG. 9) are executed to detect the insulation resistance value Rip and insulation resistance value Rin of the battery pack to be tested until After the execution of step 909 is completed, the insulation detection is ended. If not, the insulation detection is ended directly and the insulation detection link is skipped.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a battery management system, which includes the insulation detection circuit described above.

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Abstract

一种绝缘检测电路及检测方法、电池管理系统。绝缘检测电路包括：隔离电源模块（Y1）、第一正极采样模块（F11）、第一负极采样模块（F12）、第二正极采样模块（F21）、第二负极采样模块（F22）和处理器（C1），其中，第二正极采样模块（F21）的第一端分别与隔离电源模块（Y1）的正极和正极开关模块（K+）的第二端连接，第二正极采样模块（F21）的第二端与第二参考基准电压端连接；第二负极采样模块（F22）的第一端与第二参考基准电压端连接，第二负极采样模块（F22）的第二端分别与隔离电源模块（Y1）的负极和负极开关模块（K-）的第二端连接；处理器（C1）分别与第一采样点在（S11）、第二采样点（S12）、第三采样点（S21）和第四采样点（S22）连接。绝缘检测电路能够检测到正极开关模块（K+）或者负极开关模块（k-）不闭合时负载所在侧的绝缘阻抗。

Description

绝缘检测电路及检测方法、电池管理系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2019年01月15日提交的名称为“绝缘检测电路及检测方法、电池管理系统”的中国专利申请第201910035203.7号的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体涉及一种绝缘检测电路及检测方法、电池管理系统。
背景技术
电池组负责为电动汽车的电动机提供电能，电池组通过正极开关模块和负极开关模块与负载连接。由P＝UI可知，要达到较大的功率输出，必然需要使用高电压或者大电流方案。在使用高电压方案时，随着绝缘材料的老化或者损坏，易将高压直接引入乘员舱发生危险；在使用大电流方案时，高压回路上的线损比较大，温升速率快，会降低材料的绝缘性能，因此，提前检测并发出绝缘异常的预警变得尤为重要。
目前，主要基于交流注入法或者分压法对电池组进行绝缘检测，但是，交流注入法或者分压法只能检测到电池组在正极开关模块或者负极开关模块闭合前的待测电池组所在侧绝缘阻抗，或者正极开关模块或者负极开关模块闭合后的内负载所在侧绝缘阻抗，无法检测到正极开关模块或者负极开关模块不闭合时的负载所在侧绝缘阻抗，而当正极开关模块或者负极开关模块闭合，若负载所在侧绝缘阻抗存在问题，会导致控制器的损坏，更严重地，若负载所在侧正极对或者负载所在侧负极对参考地出现绝缘故障或者外部用电设备出现短路时，会直接导致电池组短路，影响电动汽车的安全运行。
申请内容
本申请的目的是提供一种绝缘检测电路及检测方法、电池管理系统，能够检测到正极开关模块或者负极开关模块不闭合时负载所在侧的绝缘阻抗。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种绝缘检测电路，该绝缘检测电路包括：隔离电源模块、第一正极采样模块、第一负极采样模块、第二正极采样模块、第二负极采样模块和处理器，其中，
第一正极采样模块的第一端分别与待测电池组的正极和正极开关模块的第一端连接，第一正极采样模块的第二端与第一参考基准电压端连接，第一正极采样模块被配置为第一采样点提供第一采样信号；
第一负极采样模块的第一端与第一参考基准电压端连接，第一负极采样模块的第二端分别与待测电池组的负极和负极开关模块的第一端连接，第一负极采样模块被配置为第二采样点提供第二采样信号；
第二正极采样模块的第一端分别与隔离电源模块的正极和正极开关模块的第二端连接，第二正极采样模块的第二端与第二参考基准电压端连接，第二正极采样模块被配置为第三采样点提供第三采样信号；
第二负极采样模块的第一端与第二参考基准电压端连接，第二负极采样模块的第二端分别与隔离电源模块的负极和负极开关模块的第二端连接，第二负极采样模块被配置为第四采样点提供第四采样信号；
处理器分别与第一采样点、第二采样点、第三采样点和第四采样点连接，处理器被配置为，根据第一采样信号和第二采样信号，得到待测电池组所在侧正极高压电路相对于第一参考电压端的绝缘阻值和待测电池组所在侧负极高压电路相对于第一参考电压端的绝缘阻值，根据第三采样信号和第四采样信号，得到负载所在侧正极高压电路相对于第二参考电压端的绝缘阻值和负载所在侧负极高压电路相对于第二参考电压端的绝缘阻值。
根据本申请第一方面的实施方式，第一正极采样模块包括串联的第一电阻网络、第二电阻网络和第一开关器件；第一电阻网络的第一端分别与待测电池组的正极和正极开关模块的第一端连接，第一电阻网络的第二端 分别与第二电阻网络的第一端和第一采样点连接，第二电阻网络的第二端与第一参考基准电压端连接；第一负极采样模块包括第三电阻网络、第四电阻网络和第二开关器件；第三电阻网络的第一端与第一参考基准电压端连接，第三电阻网络的第二端分别与第二采样点连接和第四电阻网络的第一端连接，第四电阻网络的第二端分别与待测电池组的负极和负极开关模块的第一端连接。
根据本申请第一方面前述任一实施方式，绝缘检测电路还包括第一上拉电压源和第九电阻网络，第九电阻网络的第一端与第一上拉电压源连接，第九电阻网络的第二端第二采样点连接。
根据本申请第一方面前述任一实施方式，绝缘检测电路还包括串联的第十电阻网络和第三开关器件，及串联的第十一电阻网络和第四开关器件；第十电阻网络的第一端与待测电池组的正极连接，第十电阻网络的第二端与第一参考基准电压端连接；第十一电阻网络的第一端与第一参考基准电压端连接，第十一电阻网络的第二端与待测电池组的负极连接。
根据本申请第一方面前述任一实施方式，绝缘检测电路还包括第十二电阻网络和第十三电阻网络，第十二电阻网络与第十电阻网络和第三开关器件串联，第十二电阻网络的第一端与第十电阻网络的第二端连接，第十二电阻网络的第二端与第一参考基准电压端连接；第十三电阻网络与第十一电阻网络和第四开关器件串联，第十三电阻网络的第一端与第十一电阻网络的第二端连接，第十三电阻网络的第二端与待测电池组的负极连接。
根据本申请第一方面前述任一实施方式，绝缘检测电路还包括第一滤波单元和第二滤波单元；第一滤波单元的第一端与第一采样点连接，第一滤波单元的第二端与处理器连接，用于对第一采样信号进行滤波处理；第二滤波单元的第一端与第二采样点连接，第二滤波单元的第二端与处理器连接，用于对第二采样信号进行滤波处理。
根据本申请第一方面前述任一实施方式，第二正极采样模块包括串联的第五电阻网络、第六电阻网络和第五开关器件；第五电阻网络的第一端与隔离电源模块的正极和正极开关模块的第二端连接，第五电阻网络的第二端分别与第三采样点和第六电阻网络的第一端连接，第六电阻网络的第 二端和第二参考基准电压端连接；第二负极采样模块包括串联的第七电阻网络、第八电阻网络和第六开关器件；第七电阻网络的第一端与第二参考基准电压端连接，第七电阻网络的第二端分别与第四采样点和第八电阻网络的第一端连接，第八电阻网络的第二端分别与隔离电源模块的负极和负极开关模块的第二端连接。
根据本申请第一方面前述任一实施方式，绝缘检测电路还包括第二上拉电压源和第十四电阻网络，第十四电阻网络的第一端与第二上拉电压源连接，第十四电阻网络的第二端第四采样点连接。
根据本申请第一方面前述任一实施方式，绝缘检测电路还包括串联的第十五电阻网络和第七开关器件，及串联的第十六电阻网络和第八开关器件；其中，第十五电阻网络的第一端与隔离电源模块的正极连接，第十五电阻网络的第二端与第二参考基准电压端连接；第十六电阻网络的第一端与第二参考基准电压端连接，第十六电阻网络的第二端与隔离电源模块的负极连接。
根据本申请第一方面前述任一实施方式，绝缘检测电路还包括第十七电阻网络和第十八电阻网络；其中，第十七电阻网络与第十五电阻网络和第七开关器件串联，第十七电阻网络的第一端与第十五电阻网络的第二端连接，第十七电阻网络的第二端与第二参考基准电压端连接；第十八电阻网络与第十六电阻网络和第八开关器件串联，第十八电阻网络的第一端与第十六电阻网络的第二端连接，第十八电阻网络的第二端与隔离电源模块的负极连接。
根据本申请第一方面前述任一实施方式，绝缘检测电路还包括第三滤波单元和第四滤波单元；第三滤波单元的第一端与第三采样点连接，第三滤波单元的第二端与处理器连接，用于对第三采样信号进行滤波处理；第四滤波单元的第一端与第四采样点连接，第四滤波单元的第二端与处理器连接，用于对第四采样信号进行滤波处理。
根据本申请第一方面前述任一实施方式，绝缘检测电路还包括：第一模数转换单元、第二模数转换单元、第三模数转换单元和第四模数转换单元，其中，第一模数转换单元的两端分别与第一采样点和处理器连接；第 二模数转换单元的两端分别与第二采样点和处理器连接；第三模数转换单元的两端分别与第三采样点和处理器连接；第四模数转换单元的两端分别与第四采样点和处理器连接。
根据本申请第一方面前述任一实施方式，隔离电源模块包括相连接的隔离电源驱动单元和变压器；隔离电源驱动单元由直流电压源或者电池组供电；隔离电源驱动单元及变压器对直流电压源或者电池组的输出电压进行处理后，为隔离电源模块的正极和负极供电。
根据本申请第一方面前述任一实施方式，变压器的线圈包括两端，分别为第一端和第二端，其中，位于变压器第一侧的线圈的第一端与隔离电源驱动单元的第一输出端连接，位于变压器第一侧的线圈的第二端与隔离电源驱动单元的第二输出端连接；位于变压器第二侧的线圈的第一端为隔离电源模块的正极供电，位于变压器第二侧的线圈的第二端为隔离电源模块的负极供电。
根据本申请第一方面前述任一实施方式，变压器的线圈包括三端，分别为第一端、第二端和第三端，其中，位于变压器第一侧的线圈的第一端与隔离电源驱动单元的第一输出端连接，位于变压器第一侧的线圈的第二端与第三参考基准电压端连接，位于变压器第一侧的线圈的第三端与隔离电源驱动单元的第二输出端连接；位于变压器第二侧的线圈的第一端为隔离电源模块的正极供电，位于变压器第二侧的线圈的第二端为隔离电源模块的负极供电，位于变压器第二侧的线圈的第三端用于连接位于变压器第二侧的线圈的第一端。
根据本申请第一方面前述任一实施方式，隔离电源模块还包括第十九电阻网络，第十九电阻网络位于变压器第二侧的线圈与隔离电源模块的正极或者负极之间的线路上。
根据本申请第一方面前述任一实施方式，隔离电源模块还包括第一隔离传输单元；第一隔离传输单元的第一端与第十九电阻网络的第一端或者第二端连接，第一隔离传输单元的第二端与隔离电源驱动单元的第一输入端连接。
根据本申请第一方面前述任一实施方式，隔离电源模块还包括依次电 连接的电流采样单元、第二隔离传输单元和微处理单元；电流采样单元包括第一采样端和第二采样端，第一采样端与第十九电阻网络的第一端连接，第二采样端与第十九电阻网络的第二端连接，微处理单元还与隔离电源驱动单元的第二输入端连接。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供一种电池管理系统，该电池管理系统包括如上的绝缘检测电路。
第三方面，本申请实施例还提供一种绝缘检测电路的检测方法，用于如上的绝缘检测电路，该方法包括：从第一采样点得到第一采样信号，以及从第二采样点得到第二采样信号，根据第一采样信号和第二采样信号，得到待测电池组所在侧正极高压电路相对于第一参考电压端的绝缘阻值和待测电池组所在侧负极高压电路相对于第一参考电压端的绝缘阻值；从第三采样点得到第三采样信号，从第四采样点得到第四采样信号，根据第三采样信号和第四采样信号，得到负载所在侧正极高压电路相对于第二参考电压端的绝缘阻值和负载所在侧负极高压电路相对于第二参考电压端的绝缘阻值。
根据本申请第三方面的实施方式，第一正极采样模块包括串联的第一电阻网络、第二电阻网络和第一开关器件；第一电阻网络的第一端分别与待测电池组的正极和正极开关模块的第一端连接，第一电阻网络的第二端分别与第二电阻网络的第一端和第一采样点连接，第二电阻网络的第二端与第一参考基准电压端连接；第一负极采样模块包括第三电阻网络、第四电阻网络和第二开关器件；第三电阻网络的第一端与第一参考基准电压端连接，第三电阻网络的第二端分别与第二采样点连接和第四电阻网络的第一端连接，电阻网络的第二端分别与待测电池组的负极和负极开关模块的第一端连接；从第一采样点得到第一采样信号，以及从第二采样点得到第二采样信号，包括：闭合第一开关器件，断开第二开关器件，从第一采样点得到第一采样信号；断开第一开关器件，闭合第二开关器件，从第二采样点得到第二采样信号。
根据本申请第三方面前述任一实施方式，第一正极采样模块包括串联的第一电阻网络、第二电阻网络和第一开关器件；第一电阻网络的第一端 分别与待测电池组的正极和正极开关模块的第一端连接，第一电阻网络的第二端分别与第二电阻网络的第一端和第一采样点连接，第二电阻网络的第二端与第一参考基准电压端连接；第一负极采样模块包括第三电阻网络、第四电阻网络和第二开关器件；第三电阻网络的第一端与第一参考基准电压端连接，第三电阻网络的第二端分别与第二采样点连接和第四电阻网络的第一端连接，电阻网络的第二端分别与待测电池组的负极和负极开关模块的第一端连接；绝缘检测电路还包括串联的第十电阻网络和第三开关器件，及串联的第十一电阻网络和第四开关器件；第十电阻网络的第一端与待测电池组的正极连接，第十电阻网络的第二端与第一参考基准电压端连接；第十一电阻网络的第一端与第一参考基准电压端连接，第十一电阻网络的第二端与待测电池组的负极连接；从第一采样点得到第一采样信号，以及从第二采样点得到第二采样信号，包括：闭合第一开关器件和第二开关器件；从第一采样点得到第一采样电压，以及从第二采样点得到第二采样电压；若第一采样电压大于等于第二采样电压，则闭合第三开关器件，从第一采样点得到第一采样信号，以及从第二采样点得到第二采样信号；若第一采样电压小于第二采样电压，则断开第三开关器件，闭合第四开关器件，从第一采样点得到第一采样信号，以及从第二采样点得到第二采样信号。
根据本申请第三方面前述任一实施方式，第二正极采样模块包括串联的第五电阻网络、第六电阻网络和第五开关器件；第五电阻网络的第一端与隔离电源模块的正极和正极开关模块的第二端连接，第五电阻网络的第二端分别与第三采样点和第六电阻网络的第一端连接，第六电阻网络的第二端和第二参考基准电压端连接；第二负极采样模块包括串联的第七电阻网络、第八电阻网络和第六开关器件；第七电阻网络的第一端与第二参考基准电压端连接，第七电阻网络的第二端分别与第四采样点和第八电阻网络的第一端连接，第八电阻网络的第二端分别与隔离电源模块的负极和负极开关模块的第二端连接；从第三采样点得到第三采样信号，从第四采样点得到第四采样信号，包括：闭合第五开关器件，断开第六开关器件，从第三采样点得到第三采样信号；断开第五开关器件，闭合第六开关器件， 从第四采样点得到第四采样信号。
根据本申请第三方面前述任一实施方式，第二正极采样模块包括串联的第五电阻网络、第六电阻网络和第五开关器件；第五电阻网络的第一端与隔离电源模块的正极和正极开关模块的第二端连接，第五电阻网络的第二端分别与第三采样点和第六电阻网络的第一端连接，第六电阻网络的第二端和第二参考基准电压端连接；第二负极采样模块包括串联的第七电阻网络、第八电阻网络和第六开关器件；第七电阻网络的第一端与第二参考基准电压端连接，第七电阻网络的第二端分别与第四采样点和第八电阻网络的第一端连接，第八电阻网络的第二端分别与隔离电源模块的负极和负极开关模块的第二端连接；绝缘检测电路还包括串联的第十五电阻网络和第七开关器件，及串联的第十六电阻网络和第八开关器件；第十五电阻网络的第一端与隔离电源模块的正极连接，第十五电阻网络的第二端与第二参考基准电压端连接；第十六电阻网络的第一端与第二参考基准电压端连接，第十六电阻网络的第二端与隔离电源模块的负极连接；从第三采样点得到第三采样信号，从第四采样点得到第四采样信号，包括：闭合第五开关器件和第六开关器件；从第三采样点得到第三采样电压，以及从第四采样点得到第四采样电压；若第三采样电压大于等于第四采样电压，则闭合第七开关器件，从第三采样点得到第一采样信号，以及从第四采样点得到第二采样信号；若第三采样电压小于第四采样电压，则断开第七开关器件，闭合第八开关器件，从第三采样点得到第三采样信号，以及从第四采样点得到第四采样信号。
根据本申请第三方面前述任一实施方式，隔离电源模块包括相连接的隔离电源驱动单元和变压器，隔离电源驱动单元及变压器对直流电压源或者电池组的输出电压进行处理后，为隔离电源模块的正极和负极供电；变压器的第二侧的线圈经整流元件整流后为隔离电源模块的正极和负极供电；隔离电源模块还包括第十九电阻网络，第十九电阻网络的两端分别与整流元件的输出端与隔离电源模块的正极或者负极连接，检测方法方法还包括：在第一预定时刻，从第十九电阻网络的第一端和第二端采集第一组电信号，基于第一组电信号，得到隔离电源模块在第一预定时刻的充电电流；在第 二预定时刻，从第十九电阻网络的第一端和第二端采集第二组电信号，并基于第二组电信号，得到隔离电源模块在第二预定时刻的充电电流，第一预定时刻早于第二预定时刻；对第一预定时刻的充电电流和第二预定时刻的充电电流进行比较；根据比较结果，判断待测电池组的负载用电回路是否发生短路；若负载用电回路发生故障，则关闭隔离电源驱动单元，并禁止使能正极开关模块和负极开关模块，并将表示负载用电回路发生故障的信息上报至上级控制器。
在本申请实施例中，第二正极采样模块的第一端分别与隔离电源模块的正极和正极开关模块的第二端连接，第二正极采样模块的第二端与第二参考基准电压端连接；第二负极采样模块的第一端与第二参考基准电压端连接，第二负极采样模块的第二端分别与隔离电源模块的负极和负极开关模块的第二端连接。
也就是说，隔离电源模块可以与第二正极采样模块、第二负极采样模块、负载所在侧正极高压电路相对于第二参考电压端的绝缘阻值和负载所在侧负极高压电路相对于第二参考电压端的绝缘阻值形成回路，隔离电源模块还可以与负载用电器等效阻抗形成回路，即隔离电源模块可以向第二正极采样模块、第二负极采样模块、正极高压电路相对于第二参考电压端的绝缘阻值和负载所在侧负极高压电路相对于第二参考电压端的绝缘阻值以及负载用电器供电。
与待测电池组只有在正极开关模块和负极开关模块均闭合的情况下才能够向第二正极采样模块、第二负极采样模块、负载所在侧正极绝缘阻抗和负载所在侧负极绝缘阻抗，以及负载用电器供电相比，由于隔离电源模块能够代替待测电池组向第二正极采样模块、第二负极采样模块、负载所在侧正极绝缘阻抗和负载所在侧负极绝缘阻抗以及负载用电器供电，从而使得绝缘检测电路能够在正极开关模块和负极开关模块均不闭合的情况下测得待测电池组负载所在侧的绝缘阻抗。
附图说明
下面将参考附图来描述本申请示例性实施例的特征、优点和技术效果， 其中的附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
图1为本申请一个实施例提供的绝缘检测电路的结构示意图；
图2为本申请另一实施例提供的绝缘检测电路的结构示意图；
图3为本申请又一实施例提供的绝缘检测电路的结构示意图；
图4为本申请又一实施例提供的绝缘检测电路的结构示意图；
图5为本申请又一实施例提供的绝缘检测电路的结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的反激式隔离电源模块的结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的推挽式隔离电源模块的结构示意图；
图8为本申请一个实施例提供的绝缘检测电路的检测方法的流程示意图；
图9为本申请另一实施例提供的绝缘检测电路的检测方法的流程示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的隔离电源模块的充电模拟回路；
图11为与图10对应的充电电流的仿真曲线；
图12为本申请又一实施例提供的绝缘检测电路的检测方法的流程示意图；
图13为本申请又一实施例提供的绝缘检测电路的检测方法的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将详细描述本申请的各个方面的特征和示例性实施例。在下面的详细描述中，提出了许多具体细节，以便提供对本申请的全面理解。
本申请实施例提供了一种绝缘检测电路及检测方法、电池管理系统。该绝缘检测电路能够在正极开关模块或者负极开关模块不闭合时检测到负载所在侧的绝缘阻抗。
本申请实施例中的待测电池组可以为锂离子电池、锂金属电池、铅酸电池、镍隔电池、镍氢电池、锂硫电池、锂空气电池或者钠离子电池，此处不做限定。从规模而言，待测电池组也可以为电芯单体，也可以是电池模组或电池包，在此不做限定。
图1为本申请一个实施例提供的绝缘检测电路的结构示意图，如图1所示，该绝缘检测电路包括：隔离电源模块Y1、第一正极采样模块F11、第一负极采样模块F12、第二正极采样模块F21、第二负极采样模块F22和处理器C1。
其中，第一正极采样模块F11的第一端分别与待测电池组的正极和正极开关模块K+的第一端连接，第一正极采样模块F11的第二端与第一参考基准电压端GND1连接，第一正极采样模块F11被配置为第一采样点S11提供第一采样信号。
第一负极采样模块F12的第一端与第一参考基准电压端GND1连接，第一负极采样模块F12的第二端分别与待测电池组的负极和负极开关模块K-的第一端连接，第一负极采样模块F12被配置为第二采样点S12提供第二采样信号。
第二正极采样模块F21的第一端分别与隔离电源模块Y1的正极和正极开关模块K+的第二端连接，第二正极采样模块F21的第二端与第二参考基准电压端GND2连接，第二正极采样模块F21被配置为第三采样点S21提供第三采样信号。
第二负极采样模块F22的第一端与第二参考基准电压端GND2连接，第二负极采样模块F22的第二端分别与隔离电源模块Y1的负极和负极开关模块K-的第二端连接，第二负极采样模块F22被配置为第四采样点S22提供第四采样信号。
处理器C1分别与第一采样点S11、第二采样点S12、第三采样点S21和第四采样点S22连接，处理器C1被配置为根据第一采样信号和第二采样信号，计算得到待测电池组所在侧的正极高压电路相对于第一参考电压端GND1的绝缘阻值Rip和待测电池组所在侧三维负极高压电路相对于第一参考电压端GND1的绝缘阻值Rin，根据第三采样信号和第四采样信号，计算得到负载所在侧的正极高压电路相对于第二参考电压端GND2的绝缘阻值Rep和负载所在侧的负极高压电路相对于第二参考电压端GND2的绝缘阻值Ren。
其中，正极开关模块K+和负极开关模块K-可与理解为位于待测电池 组与负载用电回路之间的开关器件，比如，继电器、绝缘栅双极型晶体管IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor，IGBT)等。
其中，第一参考基准电压端GND1和第二参考基准电压端GND2的实际电压可以根据绝缘检测电路的工作场景以及需求进行设定，两者可以相同，也可以不同，此处不做限定，在一示例中，第一参考基准电压端GND1可以为电池组的壳体，第二参考基准电压端GND2可以为整车车体。
处理器C1可以是专用于绝缘检测电路的处理器件，也可以为与其他电路共用的处理器件。检测电路可以是独立的电路结构，也可以是整体电路结构的一部分。正极开关模块K+和负极开关模块K-的控制可以由处理器C1或其他控制设备执行，此处不做限定。
示例性地，本申请实施例中的绝缘检测电路可以集成在电池组的电池管理系统中，比如，将电池管理系统的整体电路结构的一部分用作对电池组进行绝缘检测。
图1中还示出了Cip、Cin、Cep、Cen和Cx，其中，Cip和Cin分别为待测电池组的正极、负极与其壳体之间的等效电容，Cep和Cen分别为待测电池组的正极、负极与整车车体之间的等效电容，Cx为X电容。
在本申请实施例中，第二正极采样模块F21的第一端分别与隔离电源模块Y1的正极和正极开关模块K+的第二端连接，第二正极采样模块F21的第二端与第二参考基准电压端GND2连接；第二负极采样模块F22的第一端与第二参考基准电压端GND2连接，第二负极采样模块F22的第二端分别与隔离电源模块Y1的负极和负极开关模块K-的第二端连接。
也就是说，隔离电源模块Y1可以与第二正极采样模块F21、第二负极采样模块F22、绝缘电阻Rep和绝缘电阻Ren形成回路，还可以与负载用电器等效阻抗Rx形成回路，即隔离电源模块Y1可以向第二正极采样模块F21、第二负极采样模块F22、绝缘电阻Rep和绝缘电阻Ren以及负载用电器供电。
与待测电池组只有在正极开关模块K+和负极开关模块K-均闭合的情况下才能够向第二正极采样模块F21、第二负极采样模块F22、绝缘电阻Rep和绝缘电阻Ren以及负载用电器供电相比，由于隔离电源模块Y1能够 代替待测电池组向第二正极采样模块F21、第二负极采样模块F22、绝缘电阻Rep和绝缘电阻Ren以及负载用电器供电，从而使得绝缘检测电路能够在正极开关模块K+和负极开关模块K-均不闭合的情况下，测得负载所在侧的绝缘阻抗。
此外，本申请实施例还能够区分出负载所在侧的绝缘阻值Rep和绝缘阻值Ren，从而准确识别出负载所在侧的正极还是负极出现问题。
在一些实施例中，可以在隔离电源模块Y1的正极输出端和负极输出端位置增加开关器件(图中未示出)，用于在不需要测量负载所在侧绝缘阻抗时断开，避免电池组高压进入隔离电源模块Y1。
图2为本申请另一实施例提供的绝缘检测电路的结构示意图，如图2所示，第一正极采样模块F11、第一负极采样模块F12、第二正极采样模块F21和第二负极采样模块F22可以由元器件组成，下面将举例说明第一正极采样模块F11、第一负极采样模块F12、第二正极采样模块F21和第二负极采样模块F22的具体结构。
在一示例中，第一正极采样模块F11包括串联的第一电阻网络R1、第二电阻网络R2和第一开关器件K1，第一负极采样模块F12包括串联的第三电阻网络R3、第四电阻网络R4和第二开关器件K2。
其中，第一电阻网络R1的第一端分别与待测电池组的正极和正极开关模块K+的第一端连接，第一电阻网络R1的第二端分别与第二电阻网络R2的第一端和第一采样点S11连接，第二电阻网络R2的第二端与第一参考基准电压端GND1连接。
第三电阻网络R3的第一端与第一参考基准电压端GND1连接，第三电阻网络R3的第二端分别与第二采样点S12连接和第四电阻网络R4的第一端连接，第四电阻网络R4的第二端分别与待测电池组的负极和负极开关模块K-的第一端连接。
这里，第一电阻网络R1、第二电阻网络R2、第三电阻网络R3和第四电阻网络R4起到分压作用，可通过调整第一电阻网络R1和第二电阻网络R2的阻值大小，调整第一采样点S11的第一采样信号的变化范围，通过调整第三电阻网络R3和第四电阻网络R4的阻值大小，调整第二采样点S12 的第二采样信号的变化范围。示例性地，为了计算简便，第一电阻网络R1、第二电阻网络R2的组合形式和阻值大小可以相同，第三电阻网络R3和第四电阻网络R4的组合形式和阻值大小可以相同。
其中，第一开关器件K1和第二开关器件K2的位置可调，第一开关器件K1和第二开关器件K2用于配合提供第一采样信号和第二采样信号，比如，当第一开关器件K1闭合、第二开关器件K2断开时，第一采样点S11能够提供第一采样信号，当第一开关器件K1断开、第二开关器件K2闭合时，第二采样点S12能够提供第二采样信号。
图2中示出的第一开关器件K1的两端分别与第一电阻网络R1的第二端和第一采样点S11连接。示例性地，第一开关器件K1的两端还可以分别与待测电池组的正极和第一电阻网络R1的第一端连接，或者还可以分别与第一采样点S11和第二电阻网络R2的第一端连接，或者还可以分别与第二电阻网络R3的第二端与第一参考基准电压端GND1连接。
图2中示出的第二开关器件K2的两端分别与第三电阻网络R3的第二端和第二采样点S12连接。示例性地，第二开关器件K2的两端还可以分别与第一参考基准电压端GND1和第三电阻网络R3的第一端连接，或者还可以分别与第二采样点S12和第四电阻网络R4的第一端连接，或者还可以分别与第四电阻网络R4的第二端和待测电池组的负极连接。
在一示例中，第二正极采样模块F21包括串联的第五电阻网络R5、第六电阻网络R6和第五开关器件K5，第二负极采样模块F22包括串联的第七电阻网络R7、第八电阻网络R8和第六开关器件K6。
其中，第五电阻网络R5的第一端与隔离电源模块Y1的正极和正极开关模块K+的第二端连接，第五电阻网络R5的第二端分别与第三采样点S21和第六电阻网络R6的第一端连接，第六电阻网络R6的第二端和第二参考基准电压端GND2连接。
第七电阻网络R7的第一端与第二参考基准电压端GND2连接，第七电阻网络R7的第二端分别与第四采样点S22和第八电阻网络R8的第一端连接，第八电阻网络R8的第二端分别与隔离电源模块Y1的负极和负极开关模块K-的第二端连接。
这里，第五电阻网络R5、第六电阻网络R6、第七电阻网络R7和第八电阻网络R8起到分压作用，可通过调整第五电阻网络R5和第六电阻网络R6的阻值大小，调整第三采样点S21的第三采样信号的变化范围，通过调整第七电阻网络R7和第八电阻网络R8的阻值大小，调整第四采样点S22的第四采样信号的变化范围。示例性地，为了计算简便，第五电阻网络R5、第六电阻网络R6的组合形式和阻值大小可以相同，第七电阻网络R7和第八电阻网络R8的组合形式和阻值大小可以相同。
其中，第五开关器件K5和第二开关器件K6的位置可调，第五开关器件K5和第六开关器件K6用于配合提供第三采样信号和第四采样信号，比如，当第五开关器件K5闭合、第六开关器件K6断开时，第三采样点S21能够提供第三采样信号，当第五开关器件K5断开、第六开关器件K6闭合时，第四采样点S22能够提供第四采样信号。
图2中示出的第五开关器件K5的两端分别与第五电阻网络R5的第二端和第三采样点S21连接，示例性地，第五开关器件K5的两端还可以与隔离电源模块Y1的正极和第五电阻网络R5的第一端连接，或者还可以与第三采样点S21和第六电阻网络R6的第一端连接，或者还可以与第六电阻网络R6的第二端和第二参考基准电压端GND2连接。
在一些实施例中，可以根据具体的工作场景和工作需求，确定是否设置上述的第一开关器件K1、第二开关器件K2、第三开关器件K3和第四开关器件K4，以及各开关器件的闭合及断开顺序。其中，开关器件包括可实现开关作用的元器件，在此并不限定。比如，开关器件可以为单刀单掷开关等机械开关，也可以为三极管、金属-氧化物-半导体场效应晶体(MOS)管、干簧管等电子开关。
在一示例中，绝缘检测电路还包括第一模数转换单元、第二模数转换单元、第三模数转换单元和第四模数转换单元(图中未示出)，第一模数转换单元、第二模数转换单元、第三模数转换单元和第四模数转换单元可以是独立的ADC转换芯片或者也可以由处理器实现相应功能。
其中，第一模数转换单元的两端分别与第一采样点S11和处理器C1连接，被配置为将第一采样点S11采集的模拟信号转换为数字信号；第二模 数转换单元的两端分别与第二采样点S12和处理器C1连接，被配置为将第二采样点S12采集的模拟信号转换为数字信号；第三模数转换单元的两端分别与第三采样点S21和处理器C1连接，被配置为将第三采样点S21采集的模拟信号转换为数字信号；第四模数转换单元的两端分别与第四采样点S22和处理器C1连接，被配置为将第四采样点S22采集的模拟信号转换为数字信号。
图2中还示出了第一滤波单元L1、第二滤波单元L2、第三滤波单元L3和第四滤波单元L4，其中，第一滤波单元L1的第一端与第一采样点S11连接，第一滤波单元L1的第二端与处理器连接，用于对第一采样信号进行滤波处理；第二滤波单元L2的第一端与第二采样点S12连接，第二滤波单元L2的第二端与处理器连接，用于对第二采样信号进行滤波处理；第三滤波单元L3的第一端与第三采样点S21连接，第三滤波单元L3的第二端与处理器连接，用于对第三采样信号进行滤波处理；第四滤波单元L4的第一端与第四采样点S22连接，第四滤波单元L4的第二端与处理器连接，用于对第四采样信号进行滤波处理，通过滤波单元可以滤除采样信号中的干扰部分，提高信号采样精度，此处不对滤波单元的具体实现形式进行限定。
图3为本申请又一实施例提供的绝缘检测电路的结构示意图，图3对图2的改进之处在于，图3中示出的绝缘检测电路还包括第一上拉电压源V1和第九电阻网络R9以及第二上拉电压源V2和第十四电阻网络R14。
其中，第九电阻网络R9的第一端与第一上拉电压源V1连接，第九电阻网络R9的第二端第二采样点S12连接。也就是说，本申请实施例在待测电池组的负极对第一参考基准电压端GND1之间的第二采样点S12增加了上拉电源，使得第一采样点S11和第二采样点S12可以共用同一模数转换单元的检测口，避免因两者对第一参考基准电压端GND1的电压方向相反而使用两个不同参考电压的模数转换单元检测，从而能够节约检测资源。
第十四电阻网络R14的第一端与第二上拉电压源V2连接，第十四电阻网络R14的第二端与第四采样点S22连接，也就是说，本申请实施例在隔离电源模块Y1的负极对第一参考基准电压端GND1之间的第四采样点 S22增加了上拉电源，使得第三采样点S21和第四采样点S22可以共用同一模数转换单元的检测口，避免因两者对第二参考基准电压端GND2的电压方向相反而使用两个不同参考电压的模数转换单元检测，从而能够节约检测资源。
需要说明的是，如图3所示，为避免第二采样点S12的信号受到第二开关器件K2阻抗的影响，优选第二开关器件K2的两端分别与第二采样点S12和第四电阻网络R4的第一端连接。同理，为避免第四采样点S22的信号受到第六开关器件K6阻抗的影响，优选第六开关器件K6的两端分别与第四采样点S22和第八电阻网络R8的第一端连接。
图4为本申请又一实施例提供的绝缘检测电路的结构示意图，图4对图2的改进之处在于，图4中示出的绝缘检测电路还包括串联的第十电阻网络R10和第三开关器件K3、串联的第十一电阻网络R11和第四开关器件K4，以及串联的第十五电阻网络R15和第七开关器件K7、串联的第十六电阻网络R16和第八开关器件K8。
其中，第十电阻网络R10的第一端与待测电池组的正极连接，第十电阻网络R10的第二端与第一参考基准电压端GND1连接；第十一电阻网络R11的第一端与第一参考基准电压端GND1连接，第十一电阻网络R11的第二端与待测电池组的负极连接。
由于第一电阻网络R1、第二电阻网络R2、第三电阻网络R3或者第四电阻网络R4可能选用较大阻值的电阻，使得绝缘检测回路的阻抗会对待测电池组所在侧的绝缘阻抗的检测精度产生影响。为解决该问题，可以根据第十电阻网络R10、第十一电阻网络R11与第一电阻网络R1、第二电阻网络R2、第三电阻网络R3和第四电阻网络R4的并联关系，通过控制第十电阻网络R10和/或第十一电阻网络R11接通来降低绝缘检测回路的阻抗，以降低对待测电池组所在侧的绝缘阻抗的检测精度的影响，从而提高绝缘检测精度。
进一步地，可以通过减小第十电阻网络R10和/或第十一电阻网络R11的阻值，最大程度地减小绝缘检测回路的阻抗对待测电池组所在侧的绝缘阻抗的检测精度的影响，提高绝缘检测精度。
其中，第十五电阻网络R15的第一端与隔离电源模块Y1的正极连接，第十五电阻网络R15的第二端与第二参考基准电压端GND2连接；第十六电阻网络R16的第一端与第二参考基准电压端GND2连接，第十六电阻网络R16的第二端与隔离电源模块Y1的负极连接。
同理，由于第五电阻网络R5、第六电阻网络R6、第七电阻网络R7或者第八电阻网络R8可能选用较大阻值的电阻，使得绝缘检测回路的阻抗会对负载所在侧的绝缘阻抗的检测精度产生影响。为解决该问题，可以根据第十三电阻网络R13、第十四电阻网络R14与第五电阻网络R5、第六电阻网络R6、第七电阻网络R7和第八电阻网络R8的并联关系，通过控制第十五电阻网络R15和/或第十六电阻网络R16接通来降低绝缘检测回路的阻抗，以降低对负载所在侧的绝缘阻抗的检测精度的影响，从而提高绝缘检测精度。
进一步地，可以通过减小第十五电阻网络R15和第十六电阻网络R16的阻值，最大程度地减小绝缘检测回路的阻抗对负载所在侧的绝缘阻抗的检测精度的影响，提高绝缘检测精度。
其中，第三开关器件K3、第四开关器件K4、第七开关器件K7和第八开关器件K8的位置可调。图4中示出的第三开关器件K3的两端分别与第十电阻网络R10的第二端和第一参考基准电压端GND1连接，第四开关器件K4的两端分别与第十一电阻网络R11的第二端和待测电池组的负极连接，第七开关器件K7的两端分别与第十五电阻网络R15的第二端和第二参考基准电压端GND2连接，第八开关器件K8的两端分别与第十六电阻网络R16的第二端和隔离电源模块Y1的负极连接。
示例性地，第三开关器件K3的两端还可以分别与待测电池组的正极和第十电阻网络R10的第一端连接，第四开关器件K4的两端还可以分别与第一参考基准电压端GND1和第十一电阻网络R11的第一端连接，第七开关器件K7的两端还可以分别与隔离电源模块Y1的正极和第十五电阻网络R15的第一端连接，第八开关器件K8的两端还可以分别与第二参考基准电压端GND2和第十六电阻网络R16的第一端连接。
图5为本申请又一实施例提供的绝缘检测电路的结构示意图，图5与 图4的不同之处在于，图5中的绝缘检测电路还包括第十二电阻网络R12、第十三电阻网络R13、第十七电阻网络R17和第十八电阻网络R18。
其中，第十二电阻网络R12与第十电阻网络R10和第三开关器件K3串联，第十二电阻网络R12的第一端与第十电阻网络R10的第二端连接，第十二电阻网络R12的第二端与第一参考基准电压端GND1连接，可以通过第三开关器件K3控制第十电阻网络R10和第十二电阻网络R12接通来降低对待测电池组所在侧的绝缘阻抗的检测精度的影响，从而提高绝缘检测精度。
第十三电阻网络R13与第十一电阻网络R11和第四开关器件K4串联，第十三电阻网络R13的第一端与第十一电阻网络R11的第二端连接，第十三电阻网络R13的第二端与待测电池组的负极连接，可以通过第四开关器件K4控制第十一电阻网络R11和第十三电阻网络R13接通来降低对待测电池组所在侧的绝缘阻抗的检测精度的影响，从而提高绝缘检测精度。
第十七电阻网络R17与第十五电阻网络R15和第七开关器件K7串联第十七电阻网络R17的第一端与第十五电阻网络R15的第二端连接，第十七电阻网络R17的第二端与第二参考基准电压端GND2连接，可以通过第七开关器件K7控制第十五电阻网络R15和第十七电阻网络R17接通来降低对负载所在侧的绝缘阻抗的检测精度的影响，从而提高绝缘检测精度。
第十八电阻网络R18与第十六电阻网络R16和第八开关器件K8串联，第十八电阻网络R18的第一端与第十六电阻网络R16的第二端连接，第十八电阻网络R18的第二端与隔离电源模块Y1的负极连接，可以通过第八开关器件K8控制第十六电阻网络R16和第十八电阻网络R18接通来降低对负载所在侧的绝缘阻抗的检测精度的影响，从而提高绝缘检测精度。
图5中第三开关器件K3、第四开关器件K4、第七开关器件K7和第八开关器件K8的位置可调，本领域技术人员可以结合上文提到的各开关器件的功能调整其在对应检测支路中的位置，此处不进行限定。
图6为本申请实施例提供的反激式隔离电源模块的结构示意图。
图7为本申请实施例提供的推挽式隔离电源模块的结构示意图。
在一示例中，隔离电源模块Y1包括相连接的隔离电源驱动单元601和 变压器602。其中，隔离电源驱动单元601可以由直流电压源(比如12V)或者电池组供电。隔离电源驱动单元601及变压器602对直流电压源或者电池组的输出电压进行处理后，为隔离电源模块Y1的正极和负极供电，比如，由12V升压至60V，需要说明的是，变压器602升压后电压不宜太高，以免因电压过高而影响负载用电回路的安全。
参看图6，反激式隔离电源模块的变压器的线圈包括两端，分别为第一端和第二端。位于变压器第一侧的线圈A1的第一端与隔离电源驱动单元601的第一输出端连接，位于变压器第一侧的线圈A1的第二端与隔离电源驱动单元601的第二输出端连接。位于变压器第二侧的线圈A2的第一端为隔离电源模块Y1的正极供电，位于变压器第二侧的线圈A2的第二端为隔离电源模块Y1的负极供电。
参看图7，推挽式隔离电源模块的变压器的线圈包括三端，分别为第一端、第二端和第三端。其中，位于变压器第一侧的线圈A1的第一端与隔离电源驱动单元601的第一输出端连接，位于变压器第一侧的线圈A1的第二端与第三参考基准电压端GND3连接，位于变压器第一侧的线圈的第三端与隔离电源驱动单元601的第二输出端连接。位于变压器第二侧的线圈A2的第一端为隔离电源模块Y1的正极供电，位于变压器第二侧的线圈A2的第二端为隔离电源模块Y1的负极供电，位于变压器第二侧的线圈A2的第三端用于连接位于变压器第二侧的线圈A2的第一端。
在一些实施例中，隔离电源模块还包括第十九电阻网络R19，第十九电阻网络R19位于变压器第二侧的线圈A2与隔离电源模块Y1的正极或者负极之间的线路上，通过第十九电阻网络R19能够对隔离电源模块Y1的充电回路进行状态检测。
在图6的示例中，第十九电阻网络R19位于变压器第二侧的线圈A2与隔离电源模块Y1的正极之间的线路上，由二极管D1来实现整流作用，二极管D1与变压器602第二侧的线圈A2的第一端连接。示例性地，二极管D1也可以与变压器602第二侧的线圈A2的第二端连接。
在图7的示例中，第十九电阻网络R19位于变压器第二侧的线圈A2与隔离电源模块Y1的正极之间的线路上，由二极管D2和二极管D3来实现 整流作用，二极管D2与变压器502第二侧的线圈A2的第一端连接，二极管D3与变压器602第二侧的线圈A2的第二端连接。
在一些实施例中，参看图6和图7，隔离电源模块Y1还包括第一隔离传输单元603，第一隔离传输单元603的第一端与第九电阻网络R9的第一端或者第二端连接，第一隔离传输单元603的第二端与隔离电源驱动单元601的第一输入端连接。
其中，第一隔离传输单元603可以为能够实现模拟量传输的隔离电路。比如，由隔离开关和采样电路组成，采样电路用于采集第十九电阻网络R19的第一端或者第二端的电压反馈信号，隔离开关可以为隔离光耦器件等，隔离开关导通后可以将该电压反馈信号安全传输至隔离电源驱动单元601，由隔离电源驱动单元601根据电压反馈信号调节隔离电源模块Y1的充电电流，使其维持在稳定状态。
在一些实施例中，参看图6和图7，隔离电源模块Y1还包括依次电连接的电流采样单元605、第二隔离传输单元604和微处理单元606。电流采样单元505分别与第十九电阻网络R19的第一端和第二端连接，微处理单元606还与隔离电源驱动单元601的第二输入端连接。
其中，电流采样单元605可以为差分采样电路，第二隔离传输单元604可以为能够实现数字量传输的隔离电路。差分采样电路用于采集第十九电阻网络R19的第一端和第二端的电压反馈信号的电压反馈信号，通过计算得到充电回路电流，然后将该充电回路电流通过数字量隔离电路安全传输至微处理单元606；或者，也可以将采集的第十九电阻网络R19的第一端和第二端电压直接传输给微处理单元606，由微处理单元606计算充电回路电流，微处理单元606可以通过对隔离电源模块Y1对负载所在侧充电时不同时间的充电电流大小做出判断，间接判断负载用电回路是否存在短路情况，从而避免负载用电回路因短路而引起的安全问题。
虽然图6和图7仅对反激升压式和推挽式隔离电源模块进行了示意，但可以理解的是，反激降压式等能够实现隔离传输的电源模块均在本申请的保护范围内。
图8为本申请一个实施例提供的绝缘检测电路的检测方法的流程示意 图。如图8所示，该检测方法包括步骤801和步骤802。
在步骤801中，从第一采样点S11得到第一采样信号，以及从第二采样点S12得到第二采样信号，根据第一采样信号和第二采样信号，得到待测电池组所在侧正极高压电路相对于第一参考电压端GND1的绝缘阻值Rip和待测电池组所在侧负极高压电路相对于第一参考电压端GND1的绝缘阻值Rin。
其中，第一采样信号和第二采样信号需要配合第一开关器件K1和第二开关器件K2的闭合和断开来采集，比如，可以先闭合第一开关器件K1，断开第二开关器件K2，从第一采样点S11得到第一采样信号，然后断开第一开关器件K1，闭合第二开关器件K2，从第二采样点S12得到第二采样信号。
在步骤802中，从第三采样点S21得到第三采样信号，从第四采样点S22得到第四采样信号，根据第三采样信号和第四采样信号，得到负载所在侧正极高压电路相对于第二参考电压端GND2的绝缘阻值Rep和负载所在侧负极高压电路相对于第二参考电压端GND2的绝缘阻值Ren。
其中，第三采样信号和第四采样信号需要配合第五开关器件K5和第六开关器件K6的闭合和断开来采集，比如，可以先闭合第五开关器件K5，断开第六开关器件K6，从第三采样点S21得到第三采样信号；然后断开第五开关器件K5，闭合第六开关器件K6，从第四采样点S22得到第四采样信号。
图1-图5还示意性地示出了待测电池组待测电池组所在侧的绝缘电阻Rip和绝缘电阻Rin，以及待测电池组负载所在侧的绝缘电阻Rep和绝缘电阻Ren在电路图中所在的位置。
下面基于基尔霍夫定律和图2中的绝缘检测电路，对绝缘阻值Rip和绝缘阻值Rin的检测过程进行详细说明。
首先，同时闭合第一开关器件K1和第二开关器件K2，此时可以测得第二电阻网络R2两端电压为Vb1，第三电阻网络R3两端的电压为Vb2，由公式(1)计算出待测电池组的总电压Ubat：
Figure PCTCN2020072250-appb-000001
然后，闭合第一开关器件K1以及断开第二开关器件K2，此时第二电阻网络R2两端电压为正极内阻采样电压，记为Vp；
接下来，断开第一开关器件K1以及闭合第二开关器件K2，此时第三电阻网络R3两端的电压为负极内阻采样电压，记为Vn；
根据基尔霍夫定律，可以推导得出：
Figure PCTCN2020072250-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2020072250-appb-000003
其中，R1为第一电阻网络R1的阻值，R2为第二电阻网络R2的阻值，R3为第三电阻网络R3的阻值，R4为第四电阻网络R4的阻值。由于R1～R4为已知量，Ubat、Vp、Vn为检测量，因此，可以根据公式(1)-(3)计算出Rip和Rin的值。
上述步骤中待测电池组的总电压Ubat是通过检测得到，实际中也可以通过查参得到Ubat的值，或者直接通过高压采样得到，此处不做限定。
同理，在待测电池组负载所在侧的绝缘阻值Rep和绝缘阻值Ren进行检测时，首先，闭合第五开关器件K5，断开第六开关器件K6，此时第六电阻网络R6两端电压为正极外阻采样电压，记为Vep；然后，断开第五开关器件K5，闭合第六开关器件K6，此时第七电阻网络R7两端的电压为负极外阻采样电压，记为Ven。
根据基尔霍夫定律，可以推导得出：
Figure PCTCN2020072250-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2020072250-appb-000005
其中，R5为第五电阻网络R5的阻值，R6为第六电阻网络R6的阻值，R7为第七电阻网络R7的阻值，R8为第八电阻网络R8的阻值，Uiso为隔离电源模块Y1的输出总电压。
由于R1～R4为已知量，Vep、Ven为检测量，且Uiso在设计隔离电源模块时已经确定，因此，可以根据公式(4)和(5)计算出Rep和Ren的值。
为简化如上公式，在设计时，可以使R1＝R3，R2＝R4，R5＝R7和R6＝R8，简化后公式不再赘述。
对于图3中的绝缘检测电路，可以参考上述推导流程得到待测电池组所在侧的绝缘电阻Rip和绝缘电阻Rin的值，以及待测电池组负载所在侧的绝缘电阻Rip和绝缘电阻Rin的值。
图9为本申请另一实施例提供的绝缘检测电路的检测方法的流程示意图，该检测方法包括步骤901至步骤909，用于根据图4和图5中的绝缘检测电路，对待测电池组所在侧的正极高压回路相对于第一参考基准电压端GND1的绝缘阻值Rip和绝缘阻值Rin的检测过程进行详细说明。
在步骤901中，闭合第一开关器件K1，闭合第二开关器件K2。
在步骤902中，读取第一采样点电压Vip1，读取第二采样点电压Vin1。
在步骤903中，判断Vip1≥Vin1是否成立，若成立，则执行步骤904，否则执行步骤907。
在步骤904中，闭合第三开关器件K3，断开第四开关器件K4，通过分压降低Vip1和线路阻抗来提高检测精度。
在步骤905中，读取第一采样点电压Vip2，读取第二采样点电压Vin2。
在步骤906中，基于基尔霍夫定律，根据Vip1、Vin1、Vip2和Vin2建立关于Rip和Rin的方程组，解方程得到Rip和Rin的值。
在步骤907中，断开第三开关器件K3，闭合第四开关器件K4，通过分压降低Vin2和线路阻抗来提高检测精度。
在步骤908中，读取第一采样点电压Vip3，读取第二采样点电压Vin3。
在步骤909中，基于基尔霍夫定律，根据Vip1、Vin1、Vip3和Vin3建立关于Rip和Rin的方程组，解方程得到Rip和Rin的值。
根据本申请的实施例，通过将绝缘阻值Rip和绝缘阻值Rin分别与各自对应的预设标准阈值相比，能够实时监测待测电池组所在侧的正极、负极与电池壳体之间的绝缘阻抗是否达到标准，从而避免因待测电池组所在侧的正极、负极与电池壳体之间的绝缘阻值未达到标准而引起的安全问题。
同理，通过将绝缘阻值Rep和绝缘阻值Ren分别与各自对应的预设标准阈值相比，能够实时监测负载所在侧的正极、负极与整车车体之间的绝缘 阻抗是否达到标准，从而避免因负载所在侧的正极、负极与整车车体之间的绝缘阻值未达到标准而引起的安全问题。
图10为本申请实施例提供的隔离电源模块的充电模拟回路。其中，Y1为隔离电源，Ra为等效线上阻抗，Rx为等效负载阻抗，Cx为X电容，Rc为X电容的等效阻抗。
在一示例中，设隔离电源Y1的输出电压为60V，等效线上阻抗Ra为1Ω，等效负载阻抗Rx为1kΩ，等效阻抗Rc为1Ω，对图10中充电模拟回路进行仿真，可以得到图11中的充电电流仿真曲线。
从图11可以看出，由于Cx电容的存在，隔离电源模块Y1开始工作时的充电电流较高，随着充电时间的延长，充电电流逐渐下降，最后趋于稳定，下降过程中前期下降速率大于后期下降速率。
基于此，为避免负载用电回路因短路而引起的安全问题，可以对隔离电源模块Y1对负载所在侧充电期间的充电电流大小做出判断，以间接判断负载用电回路是否存在短路情况。在一示例中，可以选择检测并比较两个时刻的电流，根据比较结果判断负载用电回路是否存在短路情况。
比如，在第一预定时刻，从第十九电阻网络R19(参看图6或者图7)的第一端和第二端采集第一组电压信号，并基于第一组电压信号，得到隔离电源模块在第一预定时刻的充电电流；在第二预定时刻，从第十九电阻网络R19的第一端和第二端采集第二组电压信号，并基于第二组电压信号，得到隔离电源模块在第二预定时刻的充电电流，第一预定时刻早于第二预定时刻。然后，对第一预定时刻的充电电流和第二预定时刻的充电电流进行比较，根据比较结果，判断待测电池组的负载用电回路是否发生短路。若负载用电回路发生短路，则向隔离电源驱动单元601发送不使能信号，同时上报外部负载短路故障，不允许闭合正极开关模块K+和负极开关模块K-。
以图11为例，可以设t1时刻检测的电流大小为I1，经过一段时间后，t2时刻检测的电流大小为I2，若I1>I2，则说明负载所在侧负载阻抗基本正常，可以进行下一步绝缘检测，若I1≤I2，则说明负载用电回路发生短路，需要直接上报负载所在侧负载阻抗异常故障，并及时向隔离电源驱动单元 601发送不使能信号，以避免虽然对低压地绝缘阻抗正常，但负载异常造成高压直接短路的风险。其中，本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况选取t1和t2的具体数值，此处不做限定。
图12为本申请又一实施例提供的绝缘检测电路的检测方法的流程示意图，该检测方法包括步骤121至步骤134，用于基于图4和图5中的绝缘检测电路，对负载所在侧的绝缘阻值Rep和绝缘阻值Ren的检测过程进行详细说明。
在步骤121中，使能隔离电源模块。
在步骤122中，读取当前时刻隔离电源充电回路的电流I1。
在步骤123中，预定时间后再次读取隔离电源充电回路的电流I2。
在步骤124中，判断I2≥I1是否成立，若成立，则执行步骤125，若不成立，则执行步骤126。
在步骤125中，上报负载回路故障。
在步骤126中，闭合第五开关器件K5，闭合第六开关器件K6。
在步骤127中，读取第三采样点电压Vep1，读取第四采样点电压Ven1。
在步骤128中，判断Vep1≥Ven1是否成立，若成立，则执行步骤129，否则执行步骤132。
在步骤129中，闭合第七开关器件K7，通过分压降低Vep1和线路阻抗来提高检测精度。
在步骤130中，读取第三采样点电压Vep2，读取第四采样点电压Ven2。
在步骤131中，基于基尔霍夫定律，根据Vep1、Ven1、Vep2和Ven2建立关于Rep和Ren的方程组，解方程得到Rep和Ren的值。
在步骤132中，闭合第八开关器件K8，通过分压降低Ven2和线路阻抗来提高检测精度。
在步骤133中，读取第三采样点电压Vep3，读取第四采样点电压Vin4。
在步骤134中，基于基尔霍夫定律，根据Vep1、Ven1、Vip4和Vin4建立关于Rep和Ren的方程组，解方程得到Rep和Ren的值。
图13为本申请又一实施例提供的绝缘检测电路的检测方法的流程示意图，该检测方法包括步骤1301至步骤1303，用于对本申请实施例中的绝 缘检测策略进行简要说明。
在步骤1301中，读取寄存器标志位，通过寄存器标志位可以知道上一次待测动力电池启动运行时绝缘阻值是否异常，如果有异常，则执行步骤1302，如果无异常，则跳过绝缘检测环节。
在步骤1302中，判断是否需要进行外部绝缘检测，如果是，则开始执行步骤121至步骤134(参看图12)，以对待测电池组负载所在侧的绝缘阻值Rep和绝缘阻值Ren进行检测，直到步骤134执行完成后再执行步骤1303，如果不是，直接执行步骤1303。
在步骤1303中，判断是否需要进行内部绝缘检测，如果是，则执行步骤901至步骤909(参看图9)，以对待测电池组所在侧的绝缘阻值Rip和绝缘阻值Rin进行检测，直到步骤909执行完成后结束绝缘检测，如果不是，则直接结束，跳过绝缘检测环节。
本申请实施例还提供一种电池管理系统，该电池管理系统包括如上所述的绝缘检测电路。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (25)

  1. 一种绝缘检测电路，其中，包括：隔离电源模块、第一正极采样模块、第一负极采样模块、第二正极采样模块、第二负极采样模块和处理器，其中，
    所述第一正极采样模块的第一端分别与待测电池组的正极和正极开关模块的第一端连接，所述第一正极采样模块的第二端与第一参考基准电压端连接，所述第一正极采样模块被配置为第一采样点提供第一采样信号；
    所述第一负极采样模块的第一端与所述第一参考基准电压端连接，所述第一负极采样模块的第二端分别与所述待测电池组的负极和负极开关模块的第一端连接，所述第一负极采样模块被配置为第二采样点提供第二采样信号；
    所述第二正极采样模块的第一端分别与所述隔离电源模块的正极和所述正极开关模块的第二端连接，所述第二正极采样模块的第二端与第二参考基准电压端连接，所述第二正极采样模块被配置为第三采样点提供第三采样信号；
    所述第二负极采样模块的第一端与所述第二参考基准电压端连接，所述第二负极采样模块的第二端分别与所述隔离电源模块的负极和所述负极开关模块的第二端连接，所述第二负极采样模块被配置为第四采样点提供第四采样信号；
    所述处理器分别与所述第一采样点、所述第二采样点、所述第三采样点和所述第四采样点连接，所述处理器被配置为，根据所述第一采样信号和所述第二采样信号，得到所述待测电池组所在侧正极高压电路相对于所述第一参考电压端的绝缘阻值和所述待测电池组所在侧负极高压电路相对于所述第一参考电压端的绝缘阻值，根据所述第三采样信号和所述第四采样信号，得到负载所在侧正极高压电路相对于所述第二参考电压端的绝缘阻值和负载所在侧负极高压电路相对于所述第二参考电压端的绝缘阻值。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电路，其中，
    所述第一正极采样模块包括串联的第一电阻网络、第二电阻网络和第一开关器件；
    所述第一电阻网络的第一端分别与所述待测电池组的正极和所述正极开关模块的第一端连接，所述第一电阻网络的第二端分别与所述第二电阻网络的第一端和所述第一采样点连接，所述第二电阻网络的第二端与所述第一参考基准电压端连接；
    所述第一负极采样模块包括第三电阻网络、第四电阻网络和第二开关器件；
    所述第三电阻网络的第一端与所述第一参考基准电压端连接，所述第三电阻网络的第二端分别与所述第二采样点连接和所述第四电阻网络的第一端连接，所述第四电阻网络的第二端分别与所述待测电池组的负极和所述负极开关模块的第一端连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电路，其中，所述绝缘检测电路还包括第一上拉电压源和第九电阻网络，所述第九电阻网络的第一端与所述第一上拉电压源连接，所述第九电阻网络的第二端所述第二采样点连接。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的电路，其中，所述绝缘检测电路还包括串联的第十电阻网络和第三开关器件，及串联的第十一电阻网络和第四开关器件；
    所述第十电阻网络的第一端与所述待测电池组的正极连接，所述第十电阻网络的第二端与所述第一参考基准电压端连接；
    所述第十一电阻网络的第一端与所述第一参考基准电压端连接，所述第十一电阻网络的第二端与所述待测电池组的负极连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电路，其中，所述绝缘检测电路还包括第十二电阻网络和第十三电阻网络，
    所述第十二电阻网络与所述第十电阻网络和所述第三开关器件串联，所述第十二电阻网络的第一端与所述第十电阻网络的第二端连接，所述第十二电阻网络的第二端与所述第一参考基准电压端连接；
    所述第十三电阻网络与所述第十一电阻网络和所述第四开关器件串联，所述第十三电阻网络的第一端与所述第十一电阻网络的第二端连接，所述第十三电阻网络的第二端与所述待测电池组的负极连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电路，其中，所述绝缘检测电路还包括第一 滤波单元和第二滤波单元；
    所述第一滤波单元的第一端与所述第一采样点连接，所述第一滤波单元的第二端与所述处理器连接，用于对所述第一采样信号进行滤波处理；
    所述第二滤波单元的第一端与所述第二采样点连接，所述第二滤波单元的第二端与所述处理器连接，用于对所述第二采样信号进行滤波处理。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电路，其中，
    所述第二正极采样模块包括串联的第五电阻网络、第六电阻网络和第五开关器件；
    所述第五电阻网络的第一端与所述隔离电源模块的正极和所述正极开关模块的第二端连接，所述第五电阻网络的第二端分别与所述第三采样点和所述第六电阻网络的第一端连接，所述第六电阻网络的第二端和所述第二参考基准电压端连接；
    所述第二负极采样模块包括串联的第七电阻网络、第八电阻网络和第六开关器件；
    所述第七电阻网络的第一端与所述第二参考基准电压端连接，所述第七电阻网络的第二端分别与所述第四采样点和所述第八电阻网络的第一端连接，所述第八电阻网络的第二端分别与所述隔离电源模块的负极和所述负极开关模块的第二端连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电路，其中，所述绝缘检测电路还包括第二上拉电压源和第十四电阻网络，所述第十四电阻网络的第一端与所述第二上拉电压源连接，所述第十四电阻网络的第二端所述第四采样点连接。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的电路，其中，所述绝缘检测电路还包括串联的第十五电阻网络和第七开关器件，及串联的第十六电阻网络和第八开关器件；其中，
    所述第十五电阻网络的第一端与所述隔离电源模块的正极连接，所述第十五电阻网络的第二端与所述第二参考基准电压端连接；
    所述第十六电阻网络的第一端与所述第二参考基准电压端连接，所述第十六电阻网络的第二端与所述隔离电源模块的负极连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电路，其中，所述绝缘检测电路还包括第 十七电阻网络和第十八电阻网络；其中，
    所述第十七电阻网络与所述第十五电阻网络和所述第七开关器件串联，所述第十七电阻网络的第一端与所述第十五电阻网络的第二端连接，所述第十七电阻网络的第二端与所述第二参考基准电压端连接；
    所述第十八电阻网络与所述第十六电阻网络和所述第八开关器件串联，所述第十八电阻网络的第一端与所述第十六电阻网络的第二端连接，所述第十八电阻网络的第二端与所述隔离电源模块的负极连接。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的电路，其中，所述绝缘检测电路还包括第三滤波单元和第四滤波单元；
    所述第三滤波单元的第一端与所述第三采样点连接，所述第三滤波单元的第二端与所述处理器连接，用于对所述第三采样信号进行滤波处理；
    所述第四滤波单元的第一端与所述第四采样点连接，所述第四滤波单元的第二端与所述处理器连接，用于对所述第四采样信号进行滤波处理。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的电路，其中，所述绝缘检测电路还包括：第一模数转换单元、第二模数转换单元、第三模数转换单元和第四模数转换单元，其中，
    所述第一模数转换单元的两端分别与所述第一采样点和所述处理器连接；
    所述第二模数转换单元的两端分别与所述第二采样点和所述处理器连接；
    所述第三模数转换单元的两端分别与所述第三采样点和所述处理器连接；
    所述第四模数转换单元的两端分别与所述第四采样点和所述处理器连接。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任一项所述的电路，其中，所述隔离电源模块包括相连接的隔离电源驱动单元和变压器；
    所述隔离电源驱动单元由直流电压源或者电池组供电；
    所述隔离电源驱动单元及所述变压器对所述直流电压源或者电池组的输出电压进行处理后，为所述隔离电源模块的正极和负极供电。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电路，其中，所述变压器的线圈包括两端，分别为第一端和第二端，其中，
    位于所述变压器第一侧的线圈的第一端与所述隔离电源驱动单元的第一输出端连接，位于所述变压器第一侧的线圈的第二端与所述隔离电源驱动单元的第二输出端连接；
    位于所述变压器第二侧的线圈的第一端为所述隔离电源模块的正极供电，位于所述变压器第二侧的线圈的第二端为所述隔离电源模块的负极供电。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的电路，其中，所述变压器的线圈包括三端，分别为第一端、第二端和第三端，其中，
    位于所述变压器第一侧的线圈的第一端与所述隔离电源驱动单元的第一输出端连接，位于所述变压器第一侧的线圈的第二端与第三参考基准电压端连接，位于所述变压器第一侧的线圈的第三端与所述隔离电源驱动单元的第二输出端连接；
    位于所述变压器第二侧的线圈的第一端为所述隔离电源模块的正极供电，位于所述变压器第二侧的线圈的第二端为所述隔离电源模块的负极供电，位于所述变压器第二侧的线圈的第三端用于连接位于所述变压器第二侧的线圈的第一端。
  16. 根据权利要求14或15所述的电路，其中，所述隔离电源模块还包括第十九电阻网络，所述第十九电阻网络位于所述变压器第二侧的线圈与所述隔离电源模块的正极或者负极之间的线路上。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电路，其中，所述隔离电源模块还包括第一隔离传输单元；
    所述第一隔离传输单元的第一端与所述第十九电阻网络的第一端或者第二端连接，所述第一隔离传输单元的第二端与所述隔离电源驱动单元的第一输入端连接。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的电路，其中，所述隔离电源模块还包括依次电连接的电流采样单元、第二隔离传输单元和微处理单元；
    所述电流采样单元包括第一采样端和第二采样端，所述第一采样端与 所述第十九电阻网络的第一端连接，所述第二采样端与所述第十九电阻网络的第二端连接，所述微处理单元还与所述隔离电源驱动单元的第二输入端连接。
  19. 一种电池管理系统，其中，包括如权利要求1-18任一项所述的绝缘检测电路。
  20. 一种绝缘检测电路的检测方法，其中，用于如权利要求1-18任一项所述的绝缘检测电路，所述方法包括：
    从所述第一采样点得到第一采样信号，以及从所述第二采样点得到第二采样信号，根据所述第一采样信号和所述第二采样信号，得到所述待测电池组所在侧正极高压电路相对于所述第一参考电压端的绝缘阻值和所述待测电池组所在侧负极高压电路相对于所述第一参考电压端的绝缘阻值；
    从所述第三采样点得到第三采样信号，从所述第四采样点得到第四采样信号，根据第三采样信号和所述第四采样信号，得到负载所在侧正极高压电路相对于所述第二参考电压端的绝缘阻值和负载所在侧负极高压电路相对于所述第二参考电压端的绝缘阻值。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的方法，其中，
    所述第一正极采样模块包括串联的第一电阻网络、第二电阻网络和第一开关器件；所述第一电阻网络的第一端分别与所述待测电池组的正极和所述正极开关模块的第一端连接，所述第一电阻网络的第二端分别与所述第二电阻网络的第一端和所述第一采样点连接，所述第二电阻网络的第二端与所述第一参考基准电压端连接；所述第一负极采样模块包括第三电阻网络、第四电阻网络和第二开关器件；所述第三电阻网络的第一端与所述第一参考基准电压端连接，所述第三电阻网络的第二端分别与所述第二采样点连接和所述第四电阻网络的第一端连接，所述电阻网络的第二端分别与所述待测电池组的负极和所述负极开关模块的第一端连接；
    所述从所述第一采样点得到第一采样信号，以及从所述第二采样点得到第二采样信号，包括：
    闭合所述第一开关器件，断开所述第二开关器件，从所述第一采样点得到所述第一采样信号；
    断开所述第一开关器件，闭合所述第二开关器件，从所述第二采样点得到所述第二采样信号。
  22. 根据权利要求20所述的方法，其中，
    所述第一正极采样模块包括串联的第一电阻网络、第二电阻网络和第一开关器件；所述第一电阻网络的第一端分别与所述待测电池组的正极和所述正极开关模块的第一端连接，所述第一电阻网络的第二端分别与所述第二电阻网络的第一端和所述第一采样点连接，所述第二电阻网络的第二端与所述第一参考基准电压端连接；所述第一负极采样模块包括第三电阻网络、第四电阻网络和第二开关器件；所述第三电阻网络的第一端与所述第一参考基准电压端连接，所述第三电阻网络的第二端分别与所述第二采样点连接和所述第四电阻网络的第一端连接，所述电阻网络的第二端分别与所述待测电池组的负极和所述负极开关模块的第一端连接；
    所述绝缘检测电路还包括串联的第十电阻网络和第三开关器件，及串联的第十一电阻网络和第四开关器件；所述第十电阻网络的第一端与所述待测电池组的正极连接，所述第十电阻网络的第二端与所述第一参考基准电压端连接；所述第十一电阻网络的第一端与所述第一参考基准电压端连接，所述第十一电阻网络的第二端与所述待测电池组的负极连接；
    所述从所述第一采样点得到第一采样信号，以及从所述第二采样点得到第二采样信号，包括：
    闭合所述第一开关器件和所述第二开关器件；
    从所述第一采样点得到第一采样电压，以及从所述第二采样点得到第二采样电压；
    若所述第一采样电压大于等于所述第二采样电压，则闭合所述第三开关器件，从所述第一采样点得到所述第一采样信号，以及从所述第二采样点得到所述第二采样信号；
    若所述第一采样电压小于所述第二采样电压，则断开所述第三开关器件，闭合所述第四开关器件，从所述第一采样点得到所述第一采样信号，以及从所述第二采样点得到所述第二采样信号。
  23. 根据权利要求20所述的方法，其中，
    所述第二正极采样模块包括串联的第五电阻网络、第六电阻网络和第五开关器件；所述第五电阻网络的第一端与所述隔离电源模块的正极和所述正极开关模块的第二端连接，所述第五电阻网络的第二端分别与所述第三采样点和所述第六电阻网络的第一端连接，所述第六电阻网络的第二端和所述第二参考基准电压端连接；所述第二负极采样模块包括串联的第七电阻网络、第八电阻网络和第六开关器件；所述第七电阻网络的第一端与所述第二参考基准电压端连接，所述第七电阻网络的第二端分别与所述第四采样点和所述第八电阻网络的第一端连接，所述第八电阻网络的第二端分别与所述隔离电源模块的负极和所述负极开关模块的第二端连接；
    所述从所述第三采样点得到第三采样信号，从所述第四采样点得到第四采样信号，包括：
    闭合所述第五开关器件，断开所述第六开关器件，从所述第三采样点得到所述第三采样信号；
    断开所述第五开关器件，闭合所述第六开关器件，从所述第四采样点得到所述第四采样信号。
  24. 根据权利要求20所述的方法，其中，
    所述第二正极采样模块包括串联的第五电阻网络、第六电阻网络和第五开关器件；所述第五电阻网络的第一端与所述隔离电源模块的正极和所述正极开关模块的第二端连接，所述第五电阻网络的第二端分别与所述第三采样点和所述第六电阻网络的第一端连接，所述第六电阻网络的第二端和所述第二参考基准电压端连接；所述第二负极采样模块包括串联的第七电阻网络、第八电阻网络和第六开关器件；所述第七电阻网络的第一端与所述第二参考基准电压端连接，所述第七电阻网络的第二端分别与所述第四采样点和所述第八电阻网络的第一端连接，所述第八电阻网络的第二端分别与所述隔离电源模块的负极和所述负极开关模块的第二端连接；
    所述绝缘检测电路还包括串联的第十五电阻网络和第七开关器件，及串联的第十六电阻网络和第八开关器件；所述第十五电阻网络的第一端与所述隔离电源模块的正极连接，所述第十五电阻网络的第二端与所述第二参考基准电压端连接；所述第十六电阻网络的第一端与所述第二参考基准 电压端连接，所述第十六电阻网络的第二端与所述隔离电源模块的负极连接；
    所述从所述第三采样点得到第三采样信号，从所述第四采样点得到第四采样信号，包括：
    闭合所述第五开关器件和所述第六开关器件；
    从所述第三采样点得到第三采样电压，以及从所述第四采样点得到第四采样电压；
    若所述第三采样电压大于等于所述第四采样电压，则闭合所述第七开关器件，从所述第三采样点得到所述第一采样信号，以及从所述第四采样点得到所述第二采样信号；
    若所述第三采样电压小于所述第四采样电压，则断开所述第七开关器件，闭合所述第八开关器件，从所述第三采样点得到所述第三采样信号，以及从所述第四采样点得到所述第四采样信号。
  25. 根据权利要求20-24任一项所述的方法，其中，
    所述隔离电源模块包括相连接的隔离电源驱动单元和变压器，所述隔离电源驱动单元及所述变压器对所述直流电压源或者电池组的输出电压进行处理后，为所述隔离电源模块的正极和负极供电；所述变压器的第二侧的线圈经整流元件整流后为所述隔离电源模块的正极和负极供电；所述隔离电源模块还包括第十九电阻网络，所述第十九电阻网络的两端分别与整流元件的输出端与所述隔离电源模块的正极或者负极连接，
    所述方法还包括：
    在第一预定时刻，从所述第十九电阻网络的第一端和第二端采集第一组电信号，基于所述第一组电信号，得到所述隔离电源模块在所述第一预定时刻的充电电流；
    在第二预定时刻，从所述第十九电阻网络的第一端和第二端采集第二组电信号，并基于所述第二组电信号，得到所述隔离电源模块在所述第二预定时刻的充电电流，所述第一预定时刻早于所述第二预定时刻；
    对所述第一预定时刻的充电电流和所述第二预定时刻的充电电流进行比较；
    根据比较结果，判断所述待测电池组的负载用电回路是否发生短路；
    若所述负载用电回路发生故障，则关闭所述隔离电源驱动单元，并禁止使能所述正极开关模块和所述负极开关模块，并将表示所述负载用电回路发生故障的信息上报至上级控制器。
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