WO2020128266A1 - Polymères fluorés électroactifs comprenant des groupements polarisables - Google Patents
Polymères fluorés électroactifs comprenant des groupements polarisables Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020128266A1 WO2020128266A1 PCT/FR2019/053075 FR2019053075W WO2020128266A1 WO 2020128266 A1 WO2020128266 A1 WO 2020128266A1 FR 2019053075 W FR2019053075 W FR 2019053075W WO 2020128266 A1 WO2020128266 A1 WO 2020128266A1
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- Prior art keywords
- group
- copolymer
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- formula
- fluorinated
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- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 title description 20
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 34
- MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical group FC=C(F)F MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- FPBWSPZHCJXUBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1-fluoroethene Chemical group FC(Cl)=C FPBWSPZHCJXUBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 18
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 phenylacetyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 12
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 9
- MDDUHVRJJAFRAU-YZNNVMRBSA-N tert-butyl-[(1r,3s,5z)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-(2-diphenylphosphorylethylidene)-4-methylidenecyclohexyl]oxy-dimethylsilane Chemical compound C1[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=C)\C1=C/CP(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MDDUHVRJJAFRAU-YZNNVMRBSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000612 phthaloyl group Chemical group C(C=1C(C(=O)*)=CC=CC1)(=O)* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZIXLDMFVRPABBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-methylcyclopentanone Natural products CC1CCCC1=O ZIXLDMFVRPABBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCC1 BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxophosphane Chemical compound P=O AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- YENIOYBTCIZCBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(O)=O.COCC(C)O YENIOYBTCIZCBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 160
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 20
- NPFYZDNDJHZQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Hydroxybenzophenone Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 NPFYZDNDJHZQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical class [H]S* 0.000 description 10
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- GCDBEYOJCZLKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyanthraquinone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GCDBEYOJCZLKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 7
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000001757 thermogravimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012956 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl-ketone Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- KWVGIHKZDCUPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OC)(OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWVGIHKZDCUPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BTJPUDCSZVCXFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diethylthioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(CC)=CC(CC)=C3SC2=C1 BTJPUDCSZVCXFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XMLYCEVDHLAQEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMLYCEVDHLAQEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LWRBVKNFOYUCNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)-2-morpholin-4-ylpropan-1-one Chemical group C1=CC(SC)=CC=C1C(=O)C(C)(C)N1CCOCC1 LWRBVKNFOYUCNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MLHOXUWWKVQEJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propyleneglycol diacetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)COC(C)=O MLHOXUWWKVQEJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFOXEOLGJPJZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphoryl]-(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)methanone Chemical group COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1C(=O)P(=O)(CC(C)CC(C)(C)C)C(=O)C1=C(OC)C=CC=C1OC LFOXEOLGJPJZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OHTHAXZKWBYTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-oxo-3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)propyl]-phenylphosphinic acid Chemical group CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(=O)CCP(O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OHTHAXZKWBYTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- MQDJYUACMFCOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)phenyl]methanone Chemical group C=1C=CC=C(C(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C2(O)CCCCC2)C=1C1(O)CCCCC1 MQDJYUACMFCOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- VFHVQBAGLAREND-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphoryl-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)methanone Chemical group CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(=O)P(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 VFHVQBAGLAREND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC([O-])=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioxanthen-9-one Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=CCl LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BTLXPCBPYBNQNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxyanthraquinone Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2O BTLXPCBPYBNQNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical class FC(F)(F)C=C FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LUJMEECXHPYQOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxyacetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1 LUJMEECXHPYQOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXFPEBPIARQUIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4'-hydroxyacetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 TXFPEBPIARQUIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002595 Dielectric elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005595 deprotonation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010537 deprotonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007870 radical polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001542 size-exclusion chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- SHULEACXTONYPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxyphenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(C(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 SHULEACXTONYPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006273 (C1-C3) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C\C(F)(F)F CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTKHTBWXSHYCGS-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1-chloro-2-fluoroethene Chemical group F\C=C\Cl MTKHTBWXSHYCGS-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)\C=C\Cl LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMUPYMORYHFFCT-UPHRSURJSA-N (z)-1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C(/F)C(F)(F)F DMUPYMORYHFFCT-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDMMKOCNFSTXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical class FC(F)C(F)=C(F)F NDMMKOCNFSTXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)F BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAERDLQYXMEHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)=CC(F)(F)F QAERDLQYXMEHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLOFNXVVMRAGLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethene;1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C.FC=C(F)F XLOFNXVVMRAGLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZPCMSSQHRAJCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-1-(1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoropent-1-enoxy)pent-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)=C(F)OC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F BZPCMSSQHRAJCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEQKKZICTDFVMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,6-pentaoxepane-5,7-dione Chemical compound O=C1OOOOC(=O)O1 BEQKKZICTDFVMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)F FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQISUJXQFPPARX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)=C OQISUJXQFPPARX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OLLYCOOWDLNUFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylethanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O OLLYCOOWDLNUFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHIATTMLFDJJKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylethanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FHIATTMLFDJJKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMIWYOZFFSLIAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)prop-1-ene Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(=C)C(F)(F)F QMIWYOZFFSLIAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVEUEBXMTMZVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluorohex-1-ene Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=C GVEUEBXMTMZVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXNYJUSEXLAVNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Dihydroxybenzophenone Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RXNYJUSEXLAVNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073735 4-hydroxy acetophenone Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F214/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F214/18—Monomers containing fluorine
- C08F214/22—Vinylidene fluoride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F214/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F214/18—Monomers containing fluorine
- C08F214/24—Trifluorochloroethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/26—Removing halogen atoms or halogen-containing groups from the molecule
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08L27/16—Homopolymers or copolymers or vinylidene fluoride
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
- C09D11/106—Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/52—Electrically conductive inks
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D127/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D127/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C09D127/12—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C09D127/16—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylidene fluoride
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/24—Electrically-conducting paints
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K10/00—Organic devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching; Organic capacitors or resistors having potential barriers
- H10K10/40—Organic transistors
- H10K10/46—Field-effect transistors, e.g. organic thin-film transistors [OTFT]
- H10K10/462—Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs]
- H10K10/484—Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs] characterised by the channel regions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/141—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aliphatic or olefinic chains, e.g. poly N-vinylcarbazol, PVC or PTFE
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/151—Copolymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N30/07—Forming of piezoelectric or electrostrictive parts or bodies on an electrical element or another base
- H10N30/074—Forming of piezoelectric or electrostrictive parts or bodies on an electrical element or another base by depositing piezoelectric or electrostrictive layers, e.g. aerosol or screen printing
- H10N30/077—Forming of piezoelectric or electrostrictive parts or bodies on an electrical element or another base by depositing piezoelectric or electrostrictive layers, e.g. aerosol or screen printing by liquid phase deposition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/85—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive active materials
- H10N30/857—Macromolecular compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F214/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F214/18—Monomers containing fluorine
- C08F214/182—Monomers containing fluorine not covered by the groups C08F214/20 - C08F214/28
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2800/00—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed
- C08F2800/10—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed as molar percentages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2810/00—Chemical modification of a polymer
- C08F2810/50—Chemical modification of a polymer wherein the polymer is a copolymer and the modification is taking place only on one or more of the monomers present in minority
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
Definitions
- Electroactive fluorinated polymers comprising polarizable groups
- the present invention relates to electroactive fluoropolymers comprising polarizable groups, a process for their preparation, as well as films made therefrom.
- Electroactive fluoropolymers or PFEAs are mainly derivatives of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). See in this regard the article Vinylidene fluoride- and trifluoroethylene-containing fluorinated electroactive copolymers. How does chemistry impact properties? de Soulestin et al., in Prog. Polym. Sci. 2017 (DOI: 10.1016 / d. Progpolymsci.2017.04.004). These polymers have particularly advantageous dielectric and electro-mechanical properties.
- the fluorinated copolymers formed from vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and trifluoroethylene (TrFE) monomers are particularly advantageous thanks to their piezoelectric, pyroelectric and ferroelectric properties. They allow in particular to convert mechanical or thermal energy into electrical energy or vice versa.
- fluorinated copolymers also contain units derived from another monomer having a chlorine or bromine or iodine substituent, and in particular chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) or chlorofluoroethylene (CFE).
- CTFE chlorotrifluoroethylene
- CFE chlorofluoroethylene
- Such copolymers have a set of useful properties, namely a ferroelectric relaxant character (characterized by a maximum dielectric constant, as a function of temperature, wide and dependent on the frequency of the electric field), a high dielectric constant, a polarization at high saturation, semi-crystalline morphology.
- PFEAs have a relatively high dielectric permittivity (greater than 10) for polymeric materials.
- High dielectric permittivity allows the use of these polymers in the manufacture of devices for electronics, in particular organic electronics and more particularly field effect transistors or electro-caloric devices.
- the use of polymers with high dielectric permittivity makes it possible to reduce the electrical consumption of the transistors by reducing the voltage to be applied to the grid ("spoils") necessary to make the semiconductor layer conductive.
- the article by Li et al. in Adv. Mater. 2009 (p.217-221) relates to nanocomposites of ferroelectric polymers with nanoparticles of PO2, having a significantly improved electrical energy density, the ferroelectric polymers being copolymers of VDF.
- nanocomposites for the storage of electrical energy.
- nanocomposites can include PVDF-based polymers and ceramic fillers.
- Document US 7,402,264 relates to an electroactive material comprising a composite made from a polymer with polarizable fragments and carbon nanotubes incorporated in the polymer, for the electromechanical functioning of the composite when the latter is affected by an external stimulus.
- the polymer can be, among others, PVDF or a copolymer P (VDF-TrFE).
- the article by Zhang et al. in Nature 2002 (p.284-287) describes an organic composite actuator material having a high dielectric constant.
- the composite material includes P (VDF-TrFE) as well as copper phthalocyanine oligomers dispersed in the polymer.
- Document US 2016/0145414 relates to a composite comprising at least one ferroelectric organic polymer with relaxation properties which may be among others PVDF, and at least one plasticizer of phthalate type.
- the article by Yin et al. in Eur. Polym. J. 2016 (p.88-98) describes electrostrictive polymers modified with plasticizers, exhibiting improved electromechanical performance.
- P (VDF-TrFE-CTFE) is used as a polymer and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is used as a plasticizer.
- the invention relates first of all to a copolymer comprising: fluorinated units of formula (I):
- each of the XA, XB and Xc is independently chosen from H, F and alkyl groups comprising from 1 to 3 carbon atoms which are optionally partially or completely fluorinated, and Z being a polarizable group of formula -Y-Ar-R;
- Y representing an O atom, or an S atom, or an NH group,
- Ar representing an aryl group, preferably a phenyl group, and R being a monodentate or bidentate group comprising from 1 to 30 carbon atoms;
- the copolymer has an enthalpy of fusion greater than or equal to 6 J / g, preferably greater than or equal to 8 J / g.
- the units of formula (I) are derived from monomers chosen from vinylidene fluoride, trifluoroethylene, and combinations of these.
- the fluorinated units of formula (I) comprise both units derived from vinylidene fluoride monomers and units derived from trifluoroethylene monomers, the proportion of units derived from trifluoroethylene monomers preferably being 15 to 55 mol.% Relative to the sum of the units derived from vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene monomers.
- the molar proportion of fluorinated units of formula (I) relative to all of the units is less than 99% and preferably less than 95%.
- the copolymer also comprises fluorinated units of formula (II):
- each of the Xs, Xe and X7 is independently chosen from H, F and alkyl groups comprising from 1 to 3 carbon atoms which are optionally partially or completely fluorinated, and in which Z ' is chosen from Cl, Br, and I.
- the fluorinated units of formula (II) are derived from monomers chosen from chlorotrifluoroethylene and chlorofluoroethylene, in particular 1-chloro-1-fluoroethylene.
- the total molar proportion of units of formulas (II) and (III) relative to all of the units is at least 1%, and preferably at least 5%.
- the group Ar is substituted by the group R in the ortho position relative to Y, and / or in the meta position relative to Y, and / or in the para position relative to Y.
- the group R comprises a carbonyl function and preferably is chosen from an acetyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzoyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenylacetyl group, a phthaloyl group, and an acyl group of phosphine oxide ; the phosphine being substituted by one or more groups chosen from a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a phenyl group.
- the group Ar is a phenyl substituted in the meta position and the group R is an unsubstituted benzoyl group, or the group Ar is a phenyl substituted in the para position and the group R is a non-substituted benzoyl group , or the group Ar is a phenyl substituted in the para position and the group R is a benzoyl group substituted in the para position by a group hydroxy, or the group Ar is a phenyl substituted in the meta position and the group R is an acetyl group, or the group Ar is a phenyl substituted in the para position and the group R is an acetyl group, or the group Ar is a substituted phenyl in the ortho position and the group R is a phenylacetyl group substituted in position a of the carbonyl group by a hydroxy group, or the group Ar is a phenyl substituted in the meta position and the group R is a
- the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a copolymer as described above, comprising:
- each of the Xs, Xe and X7 is independently chosen from H, F and alkyl groups comprising from 1 to 3 carbon atoms which are optionally partially or completely fluorinated, and in which Z ' is selected from Cl, Br, and I;
- a polarizable molecule of formula FIY-Ar-R Y representing an O atom, or an S atom, or an NH group
- Ar representing an aryl group, preferably a phenyl group and R being a monodentate or bidentate group comprising from 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the contacting is carried out in a solvent preferably chosen from: dimethylsulfoxide; dimethylformamide; dimethylacetamide; ketones, especially acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclopentanone; furans, especially tetrahydrofuran; esters, in particular methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate and propylene acetate glycol methyl ether; carbonates, in particular dimethylcarbonate; phosphates, in particular triethylphosphate.
- a solvent preferably chosen from: dimethylsulfoxide; dimethylformamide; dimethylacetamide; ketones, especially acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclopentanone; furans, especially tetrahydrofuran; esters, in particular methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, prop
- the method further comprises a step of reacting the polarizable molecule with a base, before bringing the starting copolymer into contact with the polarizable molecule, the base preferably being potassium carbonate.
- the contacting of the starting copolymer with the polarizable molecule is carried out at a temperature of 20 to 120 ° C, and preferably from 30 to 90 ° C.
- the invention also relates to a composition
- a composition comprising a first copolymer as described above and a second copolymer different from the first copolymer, the second copolymer also being as described above or the second copolymer being devoid of polarizable groups and comprising:
- each of the Xs, Xe and X? is independently chosen from H, F and alkyl groups comprising from 1 to 3 carbon atoms which are optionally partially or completely fluorinated, and in which Z ’is chosen from Cl, Br, and I.
- the fluorinated units of formula (I) of the second copolymer come from monomers chosen from vinylidene fluoride and / or trifluoroethylene.
- the second copolymer comprises both fluorinated units of formula (I) derived from fluoride monomers of vinylidene and of the fluorinated units of formula (I) derived from trifluoroethylene monomers, the proportion of units derived from trifluoroethylene monomers preferably being from 15 to 55 mol.% relative to the sum of the units derived from fluoride monomers of vinylidene and trifluoroethylene.
- the second copolymer comprises fluorinated units of formula (II) derived from monomers chosen from chlorotrifluoroethylene and chlorofluoroethylene, in particular 1-chloro-1-fluoroethylene.
- the composition comprises from 5 to 95% by weight of the first copolymer and from 5 to 95% by weight of the second copolymer; preferably from 30 to 70% by weight of the first copolymer and from 30 to 70% by weight of the second copolymer; the contents being expressed relative to the sum of the first copolymer and the second copolymer.
- the invention also relates to an ink comprising the copolymer as described above or comprising the composition as described above, which is a solution or dispersion of the copolymer (s) in a liquid vehicle.
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a film, comprising depositing a copolymer as described above or a composition as described above or ink as described above on a substrate.
- the invention also relates to a film obtained by the process as described above.
- the invention also relates to an electronic device comprising a film as described above, the electronic device preferably being chosen from field effect transistors, memory devices, capacitors, sensors, actuators, electromechanical microsystems. , electro-caloric devices and haptic devices.
- the present invention overcomes the drawbacks of the state of the art. More particularly, it provides electroactive fluorinated polymers having improved dielectric properties in order to optimize the properties of these polymers, especially in applications such as organic transistors, in electro-caloric devices and in actuators.
- copolymers comprising units carrying polarizable groups.
- These copolymers are prepared from copolymers carrying leaving groups (Cl, Br, I), which are replaced in whole or in part by polarizable groups. This replacement can be carried out in a simple manner by reacting the copolymer with a polarizable molecule which contains a polarizable group.
- polarizable groups having a high dipole moment makes it possible to increase the polarization of the polymer, which increases its dielectric permittivity and thus improves its dielectric properties compared to the same polymer devoid of polarizable groups.
- the polarizable groups are present in too high a proportion in the polymer, the dielectric permittivity is degraded, because the polymer is insufficiently crystalline.
- the copolymer according to the invention has a heat of fusion greater than or equal to 5 J / g, it has a satisfactory crystallinity despite the presence of the polarizable groups.
- a modified polymer carrying polarizable groups can be combined with an unmodified polymer, that is to say a polymer comprising units of formula (I) or a polymer comprising units of formula (I) and formula (II) and not units of formula (III).
- a first modified polymer carrying polarizable groups can be combined with a second modified polymer carrying polarizable groups, different from the first polymer.
- FIG. 1 represents a graph showing the infrared absorbance spectra of a fluoropolymer before (broken line) and after modification (solid line) with 4-hydroxybenzophenone.
- the wave number in cm 1 is indicated on the abscissa axis.
- FIG. 2 represents a graph showing the 1 H NMR spectra of fluorinated polymers before and after modification with 4-hydroxybenzophenone. The chemical displacement in ppm is indicated on the abscissa axis.
- FIG. 3 represents a scanning calorimetric thermogram of fluorinated polymers before and after modification with the
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the evolution of the dielectric permittivity as a function of the temperature at 1 kHz for fluorinated polymers before and after modification with 4-hydroxybenzophenone.
- the dielectric permittivity is given on the y-axis and the temperature (in ° C) is given on the x-axis.
- FIG. 5 represents a scanning calorimetric thermogram of fluorinated polymers before and after modification with the
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the evolution of the dielectric permittivity as a function of the temperature at 1 kHz for fluorinated polymers before and after modification with 2-hydroxyanthraquinone.
- the dielectric permittivity is given on the y-axis and the temperature (in ° C) is given on the x-axis.
- PF polymers fluoropolymers
- PFM polymers fluoropolymers
- a PF polymer comprises:
- each of the Xs, Xe and X? is independently chosen from H, F and alkyl groups comprising from 1 to 3 carbon atoms which are optionally partially or completely fluorinated, and in which Z ’is chosen from Cl, Br, and I.
- the fluorinated units of formula (I) comprise at least one fluorine atom.
- the fluorinated units of formula (I) preferably have at most 5 carbon atoms, more preferably at most 4 carbon atoms, more preferably at most 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably it has 2 carbon atoms.
- each group Xi, X 2 , X 3 , X4 independently represents an atom H, F, or a methyl group optionally comprising one or more substituents chosen from H and F.
- each group Xi, X 2 , X 3 , X4 independently represents an H or F atom.
- the fluorinated units of formula (I) come from a fluorinated monomer chosen from vinyl fluoride (VF), vinylidene fluoride (VDF), trifluoroethylene (TrFE), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), hexafluoropropylene (HFP), trifluoropropenes and in particular 3,3,3-trifluoropropene, tetrafluoropropenes and in particular 2, 3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene or 1, 3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, hexafluoroisobutylene, perfluorobutylethylene, pentafluoropropenes and in particular 1, 1, 3,3,3-pentafluoropropene or 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene, perfluoroalkylvinylethers and in particular those of general formula Rf-O-CF-CF 2 , Rf being an alkyl group
- the most preferred fluorinated monomers comprising fluorinated units of formula (I) are vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and trifluoroethylene (TrFE).
- the fluorinated units of formula (II) comprise at least one fluorine atom.
- the fluorinated units of formula (II) preferably have at most 5 carbon atoms, more preferably at most 4 carbon atoms, more preferably at most 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably it has 2 carbon atoms.
- each group Xs, Xe, X7 independently represents an H, F atom or a C1-C3 alkyl group optionally comprising one or more fluorine substituents; preferably, an H or F atom or a C1 -C2 alkyl group optionally comprising one or more fluorine substituents; and more preferably, an F1 or F atom or a methyl group optionally comprising one or more fluorine substituents, and Z ’can be chosen from Cl, I and Br.
- each group X5, Xe, X7 independently represents an atom F1, F or a methyl group optionally comprising one or more substituents chosen from Fl and F, and Z ’can be chosen from Cl, I and Br.
- each group Xs, Xe, X7 independently represents an atom F1 or F, and Z ’can be chosen from Cl, I and Br.
- the fluorinated units of formula (II) come from a fluorinated monomer chosen from bromotrifluoroethylene, chlorofluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene and chlorotrifluoropropene.
- Chlorofluoroethylene can denote either 1-chloro-1-fluoroethylene or 1-chloro-2-fluoroethylene.
- the 1-chloro-1-fluoroethylene isomer is preferred.
- the chlorotrifluoropropene is preferably 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene or 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene.
- the most preferred fluorinated monomers comprising fluorinated units of formula (II) are chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) and chlorofluoroethylene, in particular 1-chloro-1-fluoroethylene (CFE).
- the polymer PF consists of fluorinated units of formula (I) and fluorinated units of formula (II).
- the polymer PF is a copolymer P (VDF-CTFE).
- the polymer PF is a copolymer P (TrFE-CTFE).
- fluorinated units of formula (I) derived from several different fluorinated monomers may be present in the polymer PF. It is preferred that the PF polymer comprise units derived from both VDF, TrFE and CTFE.
- the polymer PF is a terpolymer P (VDF-TrFE-CTFE).
- the polymer PF can comprise units derived from both VDF, TrFE and CFE.
- the polymer PF can be a terpolymer P (VDF-TrFE-CFE).
- fluorinated units of formula (II) derived from several different fluorinated monomers may be present in the polymer PF.
- units from one or more additional monomers in addition to those mentioned above may be present in the PF polymer.
- the proportion of units from TrFE is preferably from 5 to 95 mol.% Relative to the sum of the units from VDF and TrFE, and in particular: from 5 to 10 mol.%; or from 10 to 15 mol.%; or from 15 to 20 mol.%; or from 20 to 25 mol.%; or from 25 to 30 mol.%; or from 30 to 35 mol.%; or from 35 to 40 mol.%; or from 40 to 45 mol.%; or from 45 to 50 mol.%; or from 50 to 55 mol.%; or from 55 to 60 mol.%; or from 60 to 65 mol.%; or from 65 to 70 mol.%; or from 70 to 75 mol.%; or from 75 to 80 mol.%; or from 80 to 85 mol.%; or from 85 to 90 mol.%; or from 90 to 95 mol.%.
- a range of 15 to 55 mol.% Is particularly preferred.
- the proportion of fluorinated units of formula (I) in the polymer PF (relative to all the units) may be less than 99 mol.%, And preferably less than 95 mol.%.
- the proportion of fluorinated units of formula (I) in the polymer PF can vary for example from 1 to 2 mol.%; or from 2 to 3 mol.%; or from 3 to 4 mol.%; or from 4 to 5 mol.%; or from 5 to 6 mol.%; or from 6 to 7 mol.%; or from 7 to 8 mol.%; or from 8 to 9 mol.%; or from 9 to 10 mol.%; or from 10 to 12 mol.%; or from 12 to 15 mol.%; or from 1 5 to 20 mol.%; or from 20 to 25 mol.%; or from 25 to 30 mol.%; or from 30 to 40 mol.%; or from 40 to 50 mol.%; or from 50 to 60 mol.%; or from 60 to 70 mol.%; or from 70 to 80 mol.%; or from 80 to 90 mol.%; or from 90 to 95 mol.%; or from 95 to 99 mol.%.
- the proportion of fluorinated units of formula (II) in the polymer PF can be at least 1 mol.%, And preferably at least 5 mol.%.
- the proportion of fluorinated units of formula (II) in the polymer PF (relative to all of the units) can vary for example from 1 to 2 mol.%; or from 2 to 3 mol.%; or from 3 to 4 mol.%; or from 4 to 5 mol.%; or from 5 to 6 mol.%; or from 6 to 7 mol.%; or from 7 to 8 mol.%; or from 8 to 9 mol.%; or from 9 to 10 mol.%; or from 10 to 12 mol.%; or from 12 to 15 mol.%; or from 1 5 to 20 mol.%; or from 20 to 25 mol.%; or from 25 to 30 mol.%; or from 30 to 40 mol.%; or from 40 to 50 mol.%; or from 50 to 60 mol.%; or
- the molar composition of the units in the PF polymers can be determined by various means such as infrared spectroscopy or RAMAN spectroscopy.
- the group -CFH- of TrFE for example gives characteristic and well isolated signals in NMR of fluorine.
- the combination of the relative integrations of the different signals obtained in proton NMR and in fluorine NMR leads to a system of equations whose resolution leads to the obtaining of molar concentrations of the units derived from the different monomers.
- the content of units from CTFE for example can be determined by measuring the chlorine content by elemental analysis.
- a person skilled in the art thus has a range of methods or a combination of methods allowing him to determine without ambiguity and with the necessary precision the composition of the PF polymers.
- the polymer PF is preferably random and linear.
- thermoplastic and little or no elastomeric (as opposed to a fluoroelastomer).
- the polymer PF can be homogeneous or heterogeneous.
- a homogeneous polymer has a uniform chain structure, the statistical distribution of the units from the different monomers practically not varying between the chains.
- the chains In a heterogeneous polymer, the chains have a distribution in units derived from the various monomers of multimodal or spread type.
- a heterogeneous polymer therefore comprises chains richer in a given unit and chains poorer in this unit.
- An example of a heterogeneous polymer is given in document WO 2007/080338.
- the PF polymer is an electroactive polymer.
- the senor has a maximum dielectric permittivity of 0 to 150 ° C, preferably of 10 to 140 ° C.
- this maximum is called “Curie temperature” and corresponds to the transition from a ferroelectric phase to a paraelectric phase.
- This maximum temperature, or transition temperature can be measured by differential scanning calorimetry or by dielectric spectroscopy.
- the melting temperature has a melting temperature of 90 to 180 ° C, more particularly from 100 to 170 ° C.
- the melting temperature can be measured by differential scanning calorimetry according to standard ASTM D3418-15, in the second heating with a heating ramp of 10 ° C / min.
- the PF polymer can be produced using any known method, such as emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization and solution polymerization, it may be preferable to use the method described in WO 2010/1 16105. This process makes it possible to obtain polymers of high molecular weight and of suitable structuring.
- the preferred method comprises the following steps:
- the radical polymerization initiator can in particular be an organic peroxide of the peroxydicarbonate type. It is generally used in an amount of 0.1 to 10 g per kilogram of the total load of monomers. Preferably, the amount used is 0.5 to 5 g / kg.
- the initial mixture advantageously comprises only fluorinated monomer (s) giving the units of formula (I) in a proportion equal to that of the desired final polymer.
- the second mixture advantageously has a composition which is adjusted so that the total composition of monomers introduced into the autoclave, including the initial mixture and the second mixture, is equal to or approximately equal to the composition of the desired final polymer.
- the weight ratio between the second mixture and the initial mixture is preferably from 0.5 to 2, more preferably from 0.8 to 1.6.
- the pressure in the autoclave reactor is preferably from 80 to 110 bars, and the temperature is maintained at a level preferably from 40 ° C to 60 ° C.
- the second mixture can be injected continuously into the autoclave. It can be compressed before being injected into the autoclave, for example using a compressor or two successive compressors, generally at a pressure higher than the pressure in the autoclave.
- the polymer can be washed and dried.
- the weight average molecular weight Mw of the polymer is preferably at least 100,000 g. mol 1 , preferably at least 200,000 g. mol 1 and more preferably at least 300,000 g. mol 1 or at least 400,000 g. mol 1 . It can be adjusted by modifying certain process parameters, such as the temperature in the reactor, or by adding a transfer agent.
- the molecular weight distribution can be estimated by SEC (size exclusion chromatography) in dimethylformamide (DMF) as eluent, with a set of 3 columns of increasing porosity.
- the stationary phase is a styrene-DVB gel.
- the detection process is based on a measurement of the refractive index, and the calibration is carried out with polystyrene standards.
- the sample is dissolved in 0.5 g / L in DMF and filtered through a 0.45 ⁇ m nylon filter.
- the PFM polymer can be produced from a PF polymer by reaction with a polarizable molecule of formula HY-Ar-R, according to the Williamson reaction, so as to integrate into the polymer chain polarizable groups of formula -Y-Ar -R, in which Y represents an O atom, or an S atom, or an NH group, Ar represents an aryl group, preferably a phenyl group and R is a monodentate or bidentate group comprising from 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the polarizable molecule reacts by replacing the leaving groups (Cl, Br, I), in whole or preferably only in part.
- a polymer comprising units of formula (III):
- each of the XA, XB and Xc is independently chosen from H, F and alkyl groups comprising from 1 to 3 carbon atoms which are optionally partially or completely fluorinated, and Z being a polarizable group of formula -Y-Ar-R.
- This polymer also preferably comprises fluorinated units of formula (I) and of formula (II) as described above.
- single-toothed group is meant a group which binds to the group Ar via a single atom of this group R.
- identity group is meant a group which binds to the group Ar via two different atoms of this group R, preferably at two different positions of the group Ar.
- the group Ar may be substituted by the group R in the ortho position relative to Y, and / or in the meta position relative to Y, and / or in the para position relative to Y.
- the group R may in particular comprise from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or from 3 to 15 carbon atoms, or from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably still from 6 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the group R may comprise an substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl or arylalkyl or alkylaryl chain. It can include one or more heteroatoms chosen from: O, N, S, P, F, Cl, Br, I.
- the group R may preferably comprise a carbonyl function and preferably may be chosen from an acetyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzoyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenylacetyl group, a phthaloyl group, and an acyl group of phosphine oxide; the phosphine being optionally substituted in particular by one or more groups chosen from a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a phenyl group.
- the group Ar is only substituted for the group R. In other embodiments, it can also comprise one (or more) additional substituents, comprising from 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the additional substituent can comprise one or more heteroatoms chosen from: O, N, S, P, F, Cl, Br, I.
- the additional substituent can be, for example, an aliphatic carbon chain.
- the additional substituent can be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, preferably a phenyl group, or an aromatic heterocycle or not.
- the group Ar is a phenyl substituted in the meta position and the group R is an unsubstituted benzoyl group, or the group Ar is a phenyl substituted in the para position and the group R is a non-substituted benzoyl group , or the group Ar is a phenyl substituted in the para position and the group R is a benzoyl group substituted in the para position by a hydroxy group, or the group Ar is a phenyl substituted in the meta position and the group R is an acetyl group, or the group Ar is a phenyl substituted in the para position and the group R is an acetyl group, or the group Ar is a phenyl substituted in the ortho position and the group R is a phenylacetyl group substituted in position a of the carbonyl group by a hydroxyl group, or the group Ar is a phenyl substituted in the meta position and the group R is a
- Y is an oxygen atom.
- the polarizable molecules can for example be chosen from 3-hydroxybenzophenone, 4-hydroxybenzophenone,
- the polarizable molecules can also be chosen from:
- Y can be an NH group.
- the polarizable molecules can also be chosen from: 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one, the phenyl group being further substituted by an amine group in the ortho, meta or para position relative to the carbonyl group; 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphineoxide, the phenyl group being further substituted by an amine group in the meta position relative to the carbonyl group; 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylethylphenylphosphinate, the phenyl group being further substituted by an amine group in the meta position relative to the carbonyl group; 1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenyl-ketone, the phenyl group being further substituted by an amine group in the ortho, meta or para position relative to the carbonyl group; bis (2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl) -2,4,4-trimethyl-pentyl phosphine oxide, the phenyl group being further substituted by an amine
- Y can be a sulfur atom.
- the polarizable molecules can also be chosen from: 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one, the phenyl group being further substituted by a thiol group in the ortho, meta or para position relative to the carbonyl group; 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphineoxide, the phenyl group being further substituted by a thiol group in the meta position relative to the carbonyl group; 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylethylphenylphosphinate, the phenyl group being further substituted by a thiol group in the meta position relative to the carbonyl group; 1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenyl-ketone, the phenyl group being further substituted by a thiol group in the ortho, meta or para position relative to the carbonyl group; bis (2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl) -2,4,4-trimethyl-pentyl phosphine oxide, the
- the conversion of the PF polymer to the PFM polymer can be carried out by bringing the PF polymer and the polarizable molecule into contact in a solvent in which the PF polymer is dissolved.
- dimethylformamide dimethylacetamide; dimethyl sulfoxide
- ketones including acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (or butan-2-one), methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclopentanone
- furans especially tetrahydrofuran
- esters including methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate and propylene acetate glycol methyl ether
- carbonates in particular dimethylcarbonate
- phosphates in particular triethylphosphate. Mixtures of these compounds can also be used.
- the polarizable molecule can be reacted with a base before contacting the polymer PF with the polarizable molecule in the solvent, in order to deprotonate the polarizable molecule and form a polarizable anion of formula ⁇ -Ar-R, in which Y, Ar and R are as defined above.
- the base used for the deprotonation of the polarizable molecule can have a pKa of 9 to 12.5 and preferably of 10 to 12.
- the base used for deprotonation of the polarizable molecule is preferably chosen from potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate, and it is preferably potassium carbonate.
- the base can be used in a molar amount of 1 to 1.25 equivalents, or from 1.25 to 1.5 equivalents, or from 1.5 to 2.0 equivalents, or from 2.0 to 3.0 equivalents, or 3.0 to 4.0 equivalents, or 4.0 to 5.0 equivalents, or 5.0 to 6.0 equivalents, or 6.0 to 7.0 equivalents, or 7.0 to 8 , 0 equivalents compared to the polarizable molecule.
- reaction of the polarizable molecule with the base can be carried out in a solvent, as mentioned above.
- the solvent used for the reaction of the polarizable molecule with the base can be the same or different from the solvent used for bringing the PF polymer into contact with the polarizable molecule.
- the solvent used for reacting the polarizable molecule with the base is the same with that used for bringing the PF polymer into contact with the polarizable molecule.
- the reaction of the polarizable molecule with the base can be carried out at a temperature of 20 to 80 ° C, more preferably from 30 to 70 ° C.
- the duration of the reaction of the polarizable molecule with the base can be for example from 5 minutes to 5 hours, preferably from 15 minutes to 2 hours, more preferably from 30 minutes to 1 hour.
- the step of reacting the polarizable molecule with the base can be followed by a step of removing the base which is in excess.
- the concentration of polymer PF introduced into the reaction medium can for example be from 1 to 200 g / L, preferably from 5 to 100 g / L, more preferably from 10 to 50 g / L.
- the quantity of polarizable molecules introduced into the reaction medium can be adjusted according to the degree of replacement of the polarizable groups in the polymer which is desired. Thus, this amount can be from 0.1 to 0.2 molar equivalents (of polarizable groups introduced into the reaction medium, relative to the leaving groups Cl, Br, I present in the polymer PF); or from 0.2 to 0.3 molar equivalents; or from 0.3 to 0.4 molar equivalents; or from 0.4 to 0.5 molar equivalents; or from 0.5 to 0.6 molar equivalents; or from 0.6 to 0.7 molar equivalents; or from 0.7 to 0.8 molar equivalents; or from 0.8 to 0.9 molar equivalents; or from 0.9 to 1.0 molar equivalents; or from 1.0 to 1.5 molar equivalents; or from 1.5 to 2 molar equivalents; or from 2 to 5 equivalents molars; or from 5 to 10 molar equivalents; or from 10 to 50 molar equivalents.
- the reaction of the polymer PF with the polarizable molecule is preferably carried out with stirring.
- the reaction of the polymer PF with the polarizable molecule is preferably carried out at a temperature of 20 to 120 ° C, more preferably from 30 to 90 ° C, and more particularly from 40 to 80 ° C
- the reaction time of the polymer PF with the polarizable molecule can be, for example, from 15 minutes to 96 hours, preferably from 1 hour to 84 hours, more preferably from 2 to 72 hours.
- the PFM polymer can be precipitated in a non-solvent, for example deionized water. It can then be filtered and dried.
- a non-solvent for example deionized water.
- composition of the PFM polymer can be characterized by elemental analysis and by NMR, as described above, as well as by infrared spectrometry.
- valence vibration bands characteristic of the aromatic and carbonyl functions are observed between 1500 and 1900 cm 1 .
- all of the leaving groups Cl, Br, I of the starting polymer PF can be replaced by groups which can be polarized in the polymer PFM.
- the molar proportion of leaving groups (for example Cl groups, in the case of the use of CTFE or CFE) replaced by polarizable groups can be from 0.2 to 5 mol.%; or from 5 to 10 mol.%; or from 10 to 20 mol.%; or from 20 to 30 mol.%; or from 30 to 40 mol.%; or from 40 to 50 mol.%; or from 50 to 60 mol.%; or from 60 to 70 mol.%; or from 70 to 80 mol.%; or from 80 to 90 mol.%; or from 90 to 95 mol.%; or more than 95 mol.%.
- the proportion of residual structural units comprising a leaving group (Cl or Br or I) (relative to all of the structural units of the polymer) can for example be from 0.1 to 0.5 mol .%; or from 0.5 to 1 mol.%; or from 1 to 2 mol.%; or from 2 to 3 mol.%; or from 3 to 4 mol.%; or from 4 to 5 mol.%; or from 5 to 6 mol.%; or from 6 to 7 mol.%; or from 7 to 8 mol.%; or from 8 to 9 mol.%; or from 9 to 10 mol.%; or from 10 to 12 mol.%; or from 12 to 15 mol.%; or from 15 to 20 mol.%; or from 20 to 25 mol.%; or from 25 to 30 mol.%; or from 30 to 40 mol.%; or from 40 to 50 mol.%. Ranges of 1 to 15 mol.%, And preferably 2 to 10 mol.%, Are particularly
- the proportion of structural units comprising a polarizable group (relative to the totality of the structural units of the polymer) can be for example from 0.1 to 0.5 mol.%; or from 0.5 to 1 mol.%; or from 1 to 2 mol.%; or from 2 to 3 mol.%; or from 3 to 4 mol.%; or from 4 to 5 mol.%; or from 5 to 6 mol.%; or from 6 to 7 mol.%; or from 7 to 8 mol.%; or from 8 to 9 mol.%; or from 9 to 10 mol.%; or from 10 to 12 mol.%; or from 12 to 15 mol.%; or from 15 to 20 mol.%; or from 20 to 25 mol.%; or from 25 to 30 mol.%; or from 30 to 40 mol.%; or from 40 to 50 mol.%. Ranges of 0.2 to 15 mol.%, And preferably 0.5 to 10 mol.%, Are particularly preferred
- the PFM polymer is a semi-crystalline polymer.
- the PFM polymer is characterized by an enthalpy of fusion greater than or equal to 5 J / g, preferably greater than or equal to 6 J / g, and still more preferably greater than or equal to 8 J / g.
- the PFM polymer can have an enthalpy of fusion of 5 to 7 J / g; or from 7 to 9 J / g; or from 9 to 12 J / g; or from 12 to 15 J / g; or from 15 to 20 J / g; or from 20 to 25 J / g; or from 25 to 30 J / g.
- the enthalpy of fusion can be determined by differential scanning calorimetry according to standard ASTM D3418.
- the PFM polymer can be characterized by a dielectric permittivity greater than or equal to 20, preferably greater than or equal to 30, and more preferably still greater than or equal to 40.
- the dielectric permittivity of the modified polymer can be, for example, from 20 to 25; or from 25 to 30; or from 30 to 35; or from 35 to 40; or from 40 to 45; or from 45 to 50; or from 50 to 55; or from 55 to 60; or from 60 to 65; or from 65 to 70; or from 70 to 75; or from 75 to 80; or from 80 to 85; or from 85 to 90; or from 90 to 95; or from 95 to 1 00; or from 100 to 1 10; or from 1 10 to 120; or from 120 to 130; or from 130 to 140; or from 140 to 150 at 1 kHz and at 25 ° C.
- the measurement of the dielectric constant can be carried out using an impedance meter capable of measuring the capacity of the material, in accordance with the recommendations of standard ASTM D150.
- the dielectric constant is obtained according to the equation:
- t is the thickness of the film; A is the area of the part of the film analyzed defined by the superposition of two electrodes; eo, the permittivity of the vacuum; and C, the capacity of the material. Said material is placed between two conductive electrodes.
- a fluoropolymer film according to the invention can be prepared by deposition on a substrate: either of one or more PFM polymers only; or at least one PF polymer and at least one PFM polymer.
- the replacement of the leaving groups by the polarizable groups is only partial. If at least one PF polymer is used in combination with at least one PFM polymer, all or only part of the leaving groups of the PFM polymer may have been replaced by polarizable groups.
- a PF polymer can be combined with a PFM polymer obtained from the PF polymer in question. It is also possible to combine a PF polymer with a PFM polymer obtained from a different PF polymer than that associated with the PFM polymer.
- the film according to the invention is prepared from polymers (PFM and / or PF) having different Curie temperatures so as to obtain a mixture of polymers having a stable dielectric permittivity for a wide range of temperature.
- the mass proportion of PF polymer (s) relative to all of the PF and PFM polymers can in particular be from 5 to 10%; or from 10 to 20%; or from 20 to 30%; or from 30 to 40%; or from 40 to 50%; or from 50 to 60%; or from 60 to 70%; or from 70 to 80%; or from 80 to 90%; or 90 to 95%.
- the PFM polymers can also be combined with one or more other polymers, in particular fluoropolymers, such as in particular a P copolymer (VDF-TrFE).
- the substrate may in particular be a surface of glass, or of silicon, or of polymer material, or of metal.
- a preferred method consists in dissolving or suspending the polymer (s) in a liquid vehicle, to form a so-called ink composition before depositing it on the substrate.
- the liquid vehicle is a solvent.
- this solvent is chosen from: dimethylformamide; dimethylacetamide; the dimethyl sulfoxide; ketones, especially acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclopentanone; furans, especially tetrahydrofuran; esters, in particular methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate and propylene acetate glycol methyl ether; carbonates, in particular dimethylcarbonate; phosphates, in particular triethylphosphate. Mixtures of these compounds can also be used.
- the total mass concentration of polymers in the liquid vehicle can in particular be from 0.1 to 30%, preferably from 0.5 to 20%.
- the ink may optionally include one or more additives, in particular chosen from agents modifying surface tension, agents modifying rheology, agents modifying aging resistance, agents modifying adhesion, pigments or dyes , the charges (including nanofillers).
- Preferred additives are in particular the co-solvents which modify the surface tension of the ink. In particular, in the case of solutions, these may be organic compounds miscible with the solvents used.
- the ink composition may also contain one or more additives having served for the synthesis of the polymer (s).
- the deposition can be carried out in particular by coating by centrifugation (“spin-coating”), by spraying or atomization (“spray coating”), by coating in particular with a bar or a film puller (“bar coating”), by immersion ( "Dip coating”), by roll-to-roll printing, by screen printing or by lithography printing or by inkjet printing.
- spin-coating centrifugation
- spraying or atomization atomization
- bar coating a film puller
- immersion "Dip coating”
- roll-to-roll printing by screen printing or by lithography printing or by inkjet printing.
- the liquid vehicle is evaporated after deposition.
- the fluoropolymer layer thus formed can in particular have a thickness of 10 nm to 1 mm, preferably from 100 nm to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably from 150 nm to 250 ⁇ m, and more preferably from 500 nm to 50 ⁇ m.
- the fluoropolymer film according to the invention can retain its ferroelectric relaxer properties.
- this film can be characterized by a coercive field of less than 20 MV / m.
- the fluoropolymer film can also be characterized by a remanent polarization of less than 30 mC / m 2 , preferably less than 20 mC / m 2 and preferably less than 15 mC / m 2 .
- the fluoropolymer film can also be characterized by a spontaneous polarization greater than 30 mC / m 2 , preferably greater than 40 mC / m 2 and preferably greater than 50 mC / m 2 ; measured at an electric field of 150 MV / m and at 25 ° C.
- Coercive field and remanent polarization measurements can be obtained by measuring the polarization curves of the material. Said film is placed between two conductive electrodes and then a sinusoidal electric field is applied. The measurement of the current passing through said film makes it possible to go back to the polarization curve.
- the film according to the invention can be used as a layer in an electronic device.
- one or more additional layers can be deposited on the substrate provided with the film of the invention, for example one or more layers of polymers, semiconductor materials, or metals, in a manner known per se.
- electronic device is meant either a single electronic component, or a set of electronic components, capable of performing one or more functions in an electronic circuit.
- the electronic device is more particularly an optoelectronic device, that is to say capable of emitting, detecting or controlling electromagnetic radiation.
- Examples of electronic devices, or if appropriate optoelectronic, concerned by the present invention are the transistors (in particular field effect), the chips, the batteries, the photovoltaic cells, the light emitting diodes (LED), the organic light emitting diodes ( OLED), sensors, actuators, transformers, haptics, electromechanical microsystems, electro-caloric devices and detectors.
- the transistors in particular field effect
- the chips the batteries, the photovoltaic cells, the light emitting diodes (LED), the organic light emitting diodes ( OLED), sensors, actuators, transformers, haptics, electromechanical microsystems, electro-caloric devices and detectors.
- the film according to the invention can be used as a dielectric layer in an organic transistor or an active layer in an electro-caloric device.
- the film according to the invention can be used in a sensor, in particular a piezoelectric sensor, as an active layer comprised between two metal or polymer electrodes.
- Electronic and optoelectronic devices are used and integrated in many electronic devices, equipment or sub-assemblies and in many objects and applications such as televisions, mobile phones, rigid or flexible screens, thin-film photovoltaic modules, light sources, energy sensors and converters, etc.
- terpolymer P VDF-TrFE-CTFE
- molar composition 61, 7 / 28.3 / 10 were introduced, followed by 10 ml of acetone. The mixture was stirred until the polymer dissolved.
- 4-hydroxybenzophenone or 2-hydroxyanthraquinone, potassium carbonate and 15 mL of acetone were stirred under an inert atmosphere for 1 h at 50 ° C.
- the contents of the (second) schlenk were filtered through a 1 ⁇ m PTFE filter and transferred to the first schlenk, and the first schlenk was heated to a temperature between 50 and 80 ° C for a duration of 4 hours to 3 days.
- the solution was then cooled and precipitated twice in acidified water with a few drops of hydrochloric acid.
- the cottony white solid was then washed twice with ethanol and twice with chloroform.
- the modified polymer was dried in the vacuum oven at 60 ° C overnight.
- the number of equivalents of polarizable molecules is calculated from the total number of monomer units.
- the degree of replacement of monomer units corresponds to the percentage corresponding to the number of monomer units bearing polarizable groups on all of the monomer units of the polymer.
- the degree of replacement is calculated from the integration of the various signals of the 1 H NMR spectrum.
- the signals between 7 and 8 ppm correspond to the protons of the aromatic nucleus after the modification of the polymer; those between 5 and 6 ppm correspond to the protons of the TrFE units.
- the degree of replacement of monomer units is defined by the following formula:
- FIG. 3 is a scanning calorimetric thermogram of the second temperature rise between -25 and 200 ° C at 10 ° C / min of the unmodified polymer A and of the modified polymers B-1, B-2 and B-3. There is a decrease in the enthalpy of fusion and the melting temperature as the degree of replacement increases. This indicates a decrease in the crystallinity rate when the degree of replacement increases, due to the steric hindrance of the polarizable groups which prevent crystallization.
- FIG. 4 The evolution of the dielectric permittivity of the unmodified polymer A and of the modified polymer B-1 as a function of the temperature at 1 kHz is presented in FIG. 4.
- a large increase in the dielectric permittivity is observed for a degree of replacement of 0.4 (polymer B-1) compared to unmodified polymer A.
- FIG. 5 is a scanning calorimetric analysis thermogram, of the second temperature rise between -25 and 200 ° C at 10 ° C / min of the unmodified polymer A and of the modified polymers C-1, C-2, C-3 and C-4.
- a decrease in the enthalpy of fusion and the melting temperature is observed when the degree of replacement increases. This indicates a decrease in the crystallinity rate when the degree of replacement increases, due to the steric hindrance of the polarizable groups which prevent crystallization.
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US17/414,459 US20220073663A1 (en) | 2018-12-17 | 2019-12-16 | Electroactive fluoropolymers comprising polarizable groups |
KR1020217022420A KR20210103531A (ko) | 2018-12-17 | 2019-12-16 | 분극성 기를 포함하는 전기활성 플루오르화된 폴리머 |
EP19845702.0A EP3900067A1 (fr) | 2018-12-17 | 2019-12-16 | Polymères fluorés électroactifs comprenant des groupements polarisables |
JP2021534696A JP2022514267A (ja) | 2018-12-17 | 2019-12-16 | 分極性基を含む電気活性フルオロポリマー |
CN201980091721.9A CN113412545A (zh) | 2018-12-17 | 2019-12-16 | 包含可极化基团的电活性氟化聚合物 |
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FR1873054A FR3089979B1 (fr) | 2018-12-17 | 2018-12-17 | Polymères fluorés électroactifs comprenant des groupements polarisables |
FR1873054 | 2018-12-17 |
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FR3031519B1 (fr) * | 2015-01-14 | 2016-12-30 | Arkema France | Composition a base de terpolymere electroactif |
CN108368193B (zh) * | 2015-08-05 | 2021-05-25 | 施乐公司 | 改变PVDF-TrFE共聚物末端基团的方法、具有改进铁电性质的PVDF-TrFE共聚物和形成含PVDF-TrFE共聚物的电子装置的方法 |
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EP3900067A1 (fr) | 2021-10-27 |
FR3089979B1 (fr) | 2021-11-05 |
FR3089979A1 (fr) | 2020-06-19 |
JP2022514267A (ja) | 2022-02-10 |
TW202035476A (zh) | 2020-10-01 |
US20220073663A1 (en) | 2022-03-10 |
KR20210103531A (ko) | 2021-08-23 |
CN113412545A (zh) | 2021-09-17 |
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