WO2020125536A1 - 一种布瓦西坦及其中间体的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种布瓦西坦及其中间体的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2020125536A1
WO2020125536A1 PCT/CN2019/124801 CN2019124801W WO2020125536A1 WO 2020125536 A1 WO2020125536 A1 WO 2020125536A1 CN 2019124801 W CN2019124801 W CN 2019124801W WO 2020125536 A1 WO2020125536 A1 WO 2020125536A1
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compound represented
preparation
bovaracetam
solvent
volume
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PCT/CN2019/124801
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English (en)
French (fr)
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樊海生
占轶鹏
尹凯
季翔
刘丰豪
石凯强
郭效文
黄鲁宁
陶安平
顾虹
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浙江华海药业股份有限公司
上海科胜药物研发有限公司
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Priority to CN201980070829.XA priority Critical patent/CN112955430B/zh
Priority to EP19901084.4A priority patent/EP3901137B1/en
Priority to US17/312,195 priority patent/US12116342B2/en
Publication of WO2020125536A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020125536A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D207/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D207/02Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D207/18Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
    • C07D207/22Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D207/24Oxygen or sulfur atoms
    • C07D207/262-Pyrrolidones
    • C07D207/2632-Pyrrolidones with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to other ring carbon atoms
    • C07D207/272-Pyrrolidones with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to other ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07BGENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B2200/00Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
    • C07B2200/07Optical isomers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07BGENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B2200/00Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
    • C07B2200/13Crystalline forms, e.g. polymorphs

Definitions

  • This application belongs to the technical field of medicine, in particular to a preparation method of bovaracetam and its intermediates.
  • Brivaracetam (Brivaracetam), the chemical name is (S)-2-(R)-3-propylpyrrolidine-1-ylbutanamide, developed by Belgian UCB Pharma, is anti-epileptic The analogue of the levetiracetam pyrrolidine is connected to the n-propyl group at the 4 carbon atom.
  • Bovaracetam is also a selective and high-affinity ligand for synaptic vesicle protein 2a (SV2A) in the brain. SV2A is an important site for the suppression of partial seizures.
  • Boiracetam is levetiracetam Derivatives, belonging to the third generation of antiepileptic drugs. Boiracetam has a high affinity and can selectively bind to synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A). SV2A is the site of action of AED (antiepileptic drug) levetiracetam; SV2A is located in the presynaptic membrane and participates in mediating the release of neurotransmitters and vesicle circulation to maintain the normal function of synaptic vesicles. The combination of AED and SV2A can reduce the release of excitatory neurotransmitters, and achieve the effect of controlling seizures by regulating the balance of excitatory transmitters and inhibitory transmitters in the brain.
  • AED antiepileptic drug
  • Patent document CN106748950A reports a method for preparing bovaracetam intermediate; the reaction route is as follows:
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a method for preparing a bovaracetam intermediate represented by B-R; further, the present application also provides a method for preparing a high-purity bovaracetam from the intermediate.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides a preparation method of the bovaracetam intermediate shown by B-R,
  • the compound represented by B-Q is prepared by reacting the compound represented by B-P with 1S,2S-diphenylethylenediamine;
  • step (1) includes:
  • the separation in step a may be achieved through a filtering operation.
  • the molar ratio of the compound represented by B-P to 1S,2S-diphenylethylenediamine is 1: (0.5 to 1.5), preferably 1:1.
  • the resolution solvent in step a may be selected from methyl tert-butyl ether, isopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, and ethyl acetate
  • THF tetrahydrofuran
  • At least one kind of glycol dimethyl ether is preferably at least one kind of isopropyl acetate, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
  • the volume-to-mass ratio of the resolution solvent to the compound represented by BP is (1-30) mL: 1 g, preferably the volume-to-mass ratio is (1-10) mL: 1 g, more preferably The volume-to-mass ratio is (3 to 6) mL: 1 g.
  • step a the temperature is raised to 25°C to 100°C, preferably 50°C to 75°C.
  • the recrystallization solvent in step b is selected from at least one of methyl tert-butyl ether, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether Is preferably at least one of isopropyl acetate, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
  • the volume-mass ratio of the recrystallization solvent to the compound represented by the substrate B-Q is (1-10) mL: 1 g, and more preferably the volume-mass ratio is 3 mL: 1 g.
  • step (2) includes:
  • the acid in step c is selected from at least one of hydrochloric acid and trifluoroacetic acid.
  • the PH value of the reaction in step c is 1-2.
  • the reaction solvent in step c further contains at least one of ethyl acetate and isopropyl acetate.
  • the second aspect of the present application also provides a method for preparing bovaracetam, which includes ammoxidizing the bovaracetam intermediate shown by B-R obtained by the above preparation method to obtain bovaracetam.
  • the preparation method of bovaracetam includes the following steps:
  • This application uses 1S,2S-diphenylethylenediamine as a resolving agent, which can effectively resolve the compound (2S)-2-(2-oxo-4-propylpyrrolidone-1-yl)butyric acid shown in BP , Thereby obtaining the bovaracetam intermediate (S)-2-((R)-2-oxo-4-propylpyrrolidone-1-yl)butyric acid represented by BR.
  • the preparation of bovaracetam by using this intermediate can omit the step of chiral chromatographic column resolution, shorten the preparation time, simplify the operation, and reduce the cost.
  • Example 1 is a liquid chromatogram of the compound represented by B-P prepared in Example 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a liquid chromatogram of the compound represented by B-Q prepared in Example 3.
  • FIG. 3 is a liquid chromatogram of the compound represented by B-Q prepared in Example 3.
  • Step (1) reacting the compound represented by B-P with 1S,2S-diphenylethylenediamine to prepare the compound represented by B-Q;
  • Step (2) Converting the compound represented by B-Q to the intermediate of bovaracetam represented by B-R.
  • the inventor of the present application has conducted in-depth research on the existing technology and found that some of the resolving agents reported in the prior art, such as R-phenethylamine, etc., cannot resolve the compounds shown by BP; During further exploration, the inventor unexpectedly discovered that the specific resolving agent 1S,2S-diphenylethylenediamine can effectively resolve the compound shown by BP into the intermediate of bovaracetam shown by BR.
  • step (1) includes:
  • the inventor of the present application further found that as the molar ratio of 1S,2S-diphenylethylenediamine and compound BP increases, the yield of the compound represented by BQ increases first and then decreases; after the chiral purity increases to a certain degree Basically no longer change. Considering comprehensively the yield, chiral purity and cost factors, the molar ratio of 1S,2S-diphenylethylenediamine and compound B-P should be controlled. In some embodiments of the present application, the molar ratio of the compound represented by B-P to 1S,2S-diphenylethylenediamine is 1: (0.5-1.5), preferably 1:1. Within this molar ratio range, products with higher yields and chiral purity can be obtained.
  • the resolution solvent in step a is selected from methyl tert-butyl ether, isopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether At least one; preferably at least one of isopropyl acetate, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
  • One of the above-mentioned resolution solvents may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination in any ratio.
  • the inventor of the present application further found that as the volume-to-mass ratio of the resolution solvent to the compound represented by B-P increases, the yield of the compound represented by product B-Q gradually decreases, but the chiral purity increases.
  • the volume-mass ratio of the resolution solvent to the compound represented by BP is (1-30) mL: 1 g, preferably the volume mass The ratio is (1-10) mL: 1 g, and the volume-mass ratio is more preferably (3 to 6) mL: 1 g.
  • the compound represented by B-Q can be obtained in higher yield and chiral purity.
  • step a the temperature is raised to 25°C to 100°C, preferably 50°C to 75°C.
  • the recrystallization solvent in step b is selected from at least one of methyl tert-butyl ether, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
  • the recrystallization solvent may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination in any ratio.
  • the refined products of the compound represented by BQ obtained by using the above recrystallization solvent have good chiral purity, especially at least one of isopropyl acetate, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether is used as the heavy
  • the chiral purity of the refined products of the compound represented by BQ can reach more than 99%.
  • the volume-mass ratio of the recrystallization solvent to the solid solid product of the compound represented by BQ is (1-30) mL: 1 g, and the preferred volume-mass ratio is (1-10) mL: 1 g, More preferably, the volume-to-mass ratio is 3 mL: 1 g.
  • step (2) includes:
  • the compound represented by BQ By reacting the compound represented by BQ with an acid, the compound represented by BQ can be decomposed into the compound represented by BR and the salt of the resolving agent; the compound represented by BR is insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents, but the salt of the resolving agent is soluble In water, based on this difference in solubility, the compound represented by BR can be separated by a reaction solvent containing water.
  • the acid in step c is not particularly limited, and for example, it can be selected from at least one of hydrochloric acid and trifluoroacetic acid.
  • the pH value of the reaction in step c is 1-2.
  • the acid adjusts the PH value of the reaction solvent within the above range, which can ensure that the compound represented by B-Q is fully reacted, and the yield of the compound represented by B-R is higher.
  • reaction solvent only water can be used as the reaction solvent; when the compound represented by B-Q reacts with an acid in water, the generated salt of the resolving agent will dissolve in water, and the resulting compound represented by B-R will precipitate out of the water.
  • the reaction solvent may further contain a certain amount of organic solvent, for example, it may contain at least one of ethyl acetate and isopropyl acetate.
  • organic solvents may be used alone or in combination in any ratio.
  • the organic phase can be extracted, and after concentration and drying, the intermediate of bovaracetam shown by B-R can be obtained.
  • the present application provides a method for preparing bovaracetam from the bovaracetam intermediate shown by B-R; by ammoxidizing the bovaracetam intermediate shown by B-R, bovaracetam is obtained.
  • This preparation method can avoid the use of chiral chromatography columns, shorten the preparation time, simplify the operation, and reduce the preparation cost.
  • the preparation method of bovaracetam includes the following steps:
  • the amidation of the bovaracetam intermediate shown by BR is not particularly limited, and a known amination reaction can be used to prepare the bovaracetam; for example, the intermediate of the brivaracetam shown by BR, HATU ( 2-(7-azobenzotriazole)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethylurea hexafluorophosphate), ammonium chloride and diisopropylethylamine are reacted in tetrahydrofuran, Obtaining brivaracetam; wherein, the molar ratio of brivaracetam intermediate, HATU, ammonium chloride and diisopropylethylamine shown in BR is 1:(1.5-2.5):(2-3): (2.5-3.5), preferably 1:2:2.5:3; the volume-mass ratio of tetrahydrofuran to the bovaracetam intermediate shown by BR is (10-50) mL: 1 g.
  • the bovaracetam intermediate shown in B-R can also be obtained by mixing the bovaracetam intermediate shown in B-R with dichloromethane, adding an activator, and reacting with ammonia gas.
  • the activator may be selected from at least one of dichlorosulfoxide, oxalyl chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, methanesulfonyl chloride, pivaloyl chloride and isobutyl chloroformate; the reaction temperature may be -20°C-30°C.
  • the raw material (S)-2(4-propyl-1,5-dihydropyrrol-2-one) butyric acid can be prepared by a known method, for example, refer to the examples in patent document CN107513031A 1 Preparation method, other raw materials and reagents are commercially available.
  • RS represents the isomerization product of RS configuration, that is, the compound shown by B-R
  • SS represents the isomerization product of SS configuration, that is, the diastereomer of the compound shown by B-R;
  • RS represents the isomerized product of RS configuration, that is, the compound represented by B-R
  • SS represents the isomerized product of SS configuration, that is, the diastereomer of the compound represented by B-R
  • the HPLC chart is shown in FIG. 2.
  • Dissolving means that dissolving is clear.

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  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及一种布瓦西坦中间体的制备方法(I),包括如下步骤:将B-P所示化合物和1S,2S-二苯基乙二胺溶于拆分溶剂中,析晶,过滤,重结晶,得B-Q所示化合物,再转化为B-R所示的布瓦西坦中间体;该方法可以有效地拆分B-P所示化合物。本申请还提供了利用B-R所示的化合物制备布瓦西坦的方法;该方法在制备过程中不需要采用手性色谱柱分离异构体,仅进行萃取,洗涤,干燥,浓缩等简单步骤即可分离有效成分,分离过程简单,大大降低了布瓦西坦生产成本。

Description

一种布瓦西坦及其中间体的制备方法
本申请要求于2018年12月19日提交中国专利局、申请号为201811558017.3发明名称为“一种布瓦西坦中间体的制备方法”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请属于医药技术领域,特别涉及一种布瓦西坦及其中间体的制备方法。
背景技术
布瓦西坦(Brivaracetam),化学名称为(S)-2-(R)-3-丙基吡咯烷-1-基丁酰胺,由比利时优时比制药公司(UCB Pharma)研制,是抗癫药左乙拉西坦(levetiracetam)吡咯烷烃的4位碳原子连接正丙基的类似物。布瓦西坦也是大脑突触囊泡蛋白2a(SV2A)选择性和高亲和力的配体,SV2A是抑制癫部分性发作的重要位点。欧洲医药管理局(EMA)和美国食品药品管理局(FDA)分别于2016年1月14日和2016年2月18日批准布瓦西坦用于治疗16岁及以上部分性发作型的癫痫患者,伴或不伴随继发全身性发作的辅助治疗药,商品名为
Figure PCTCN2019124801-appb-000001
布瓦西坦是左乙拉西坦
Figure PCTCN2019124801-appb-000002
的衍生物,属于第3代抗癫痫药物。布瓦西坦具有高度亲和力,可选择性的结合突触囊泡蛋白2A(SV2A)。SV2A是AED(抗癫痫药)左乙拉西坦的作用位点;SV2A位于突触前膜,参与调解神经递质的释放和囊泡循环进而维持着突触囊泡的正常功能。AED与SV2A结合可减少兴奋性神经递质的释放,并通过调节脑内兴奋性递质和抑制性递质的平衡达到控制癫痫发作的效果。布瓦西坦的亲和力是左乙拉西坦的15-30倍,使其使用剂量降低约10倍。一项小型(n=29)、开放标签、前瞻性研究表明,在那些因行为不良事件从左乙拉西坦转变为布瓦西坦的患者中,生活质量得到改善,且癫痫控制效果未减。
目前,现有的布瓦西坦的制备工艺几乎都不可避免的要用手性色谱柱分离其非对应异构体(S)-2-(S)-3-丙基吡咯烷-1-基丁酰胺。如原研专利文献WO 2005028435就提到了在25±2℃温度下,采用含固定相的手性色谱柱、正己烷/乙醇(45/55,V/V)为洗脱剂,以色谱法分离得到的两个非对映异构体。专利文献WO2007065634使用了另外一条合成路线,使用了价格昂贵的金属催化剂RuCl 3,且该制备方法同样不可避免的通过柱色谱分离得到布瓦西坦(26%,e.e.=94%)和非对映异构体。它们结构如下图所示:
Figure PCTCN2019124801-appb-000003
专利文献CN106748950A报道了一种制备布瓦西坦中间体的方法;反应路线如下:
Figure PCTCN2019124801-appb-000004
其采用R-苯乙胺/异丙醇体系拆分B-Ⅳ所示的化合物,得到B-Ⅵ所示的瓦西坦中间体。采用该中间体制备布瓦西坦,无需使用手性色谱柱进行拆分,从而可以降低生产成本。但是本申请的发明人重复该文献中的实施例后发现,R-苯乙胺/异丙醇体系并无拆分纯化效果,无法获得高纯度的B-Ⅵ所示的布瓦西坦中间体。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种B-R所示的布瓦西坦中间体的制备方法;进一步地,本申请还提供了由该中间体制备高纯度布瓦西坦的方法。
本申请的第一方面提供了一种B-R所示的布瓦西坦中间体的制备方法,
包括如下步骤:
(1)将B-P所示化合物与1S,2S-二苯基乙二胺反应制备得B-Q所示化合物;
(2)将B-Q所示化合物转化为B-R所示的布瓦西坦中间体;
Figure PCTCN2019124801-appb-000005
在本申请第一方面的一些实施方式中,步骤(1)包括:
a.将B-P所示化合物与1S,2S-二苯基乙二胺加入到拆分溶剂中后,升温至溶解澄清,然后降温析晶,分离得到B-Q所示化合物的固体粗品;
b.将上述固体粗品在重结晶溶剂中进行重结晶,得B-Q所示化合物的精制品。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施方式中,步骤a中的分离可以通过过滤操作来实现。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施方式中,B-P所示化合物与1S,2S-二苯基乙二胺的摩尔比为1:(0.5~1.5),优选为1:1。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施方式中,步骤a中的拆分溶剂可以选自甲基叔丁基醚、异丙醚、四氢呋喃(THF)、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯和乙二醇二甲醚中的至少一种,优选为乙酸异丙酯、乙酸乙酯、乙腈和乙二醇二甲醚中的至少一种。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施方式中,拆分溶剂与B-P所示化合物的体积质量比为(1-30)mL:1g,优选体积质量比为(1-10)mL:1g,更优选体积质量比为(3~6)mL:1g。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施方式中,步骤a中升温至25℃~100℃,优选为50℃~75℃。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施方式中,b步骤中的重结晶溶剂选自甲基叔丁基醚、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯和乙二醇二甲醚中的至少一种,优选为乙酸异丙酯、乙腈、乙酸乙酯和乙二醇二甲醚中的至少一种。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施方式中,所述的重结晶溶剂与底物B-Q所示化合物的体积质量比为(1-10)mL:1g,更优选体积质量比为3mL:1g。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施方式中,步骤(2)包括:
c.在含水的反应溶剂中,在酸的存在下,将B-Q所示化合物转化为B-R所示的布瓦西坦中间体。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施方式中,步骤c中的酸选自盐酸、三氟乙酸中的至少一种。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施方式中,步骤c中反应的PH值为1~2。
在本申请第一方面的一些实施方式中,步骤c中的反应溶剂还含有乙酸乙酯和乙酸异丙酯中的至少一种。
本申请第二方面还提供了一种布瓦西坦的制备方法,其包括将上述制备方法得到的B-R所示的布瓦西坦中间体氨化,得到布瓦西坦。
在本申请第二方面的一些实施方式中,布瓦西坦的制备方法包括以下步骤:
根据前述的方法制备布瓦西坦中间体;
将B-R所示的布瓦西坦中间体氨化,得到布瓦西坦。
有益效果
本申请以1S,2S-二苯基乙二胺为拆分剂,可以有效地拆分B-P所示化合物(2S)-2-(2-氧-4-丙基吡咯烷酮-1-基)丁酸,从而获得B-R所示的布瓦西坦中间体(S)-2-((R)-2-氧-4-丙基吡咯烷酮-1-基)丁酸。
进一步地,采用该中间体制备布瓦西坦,可以省略手性色谱柱拆分的步 骤,缩短了制备时间,简化了操作,降低了成本。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例和现有技术的技术方案,下面对实施例和现有技术中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为实施例1制备的B-P所示化合物的液相谱图;
图2为实施例2制备的B-P所示化合物的液相谱图;
图3为实施例3制备的B-Q所示化合物的液相谱图。
具体实施方式
布瓦西坦中间体的制备
本申请提供的B-R所示的布瓦西坦中间体的制备方法,其合成路线如下:
Figure PCTCN2019124801-appb-000006
步骤(1):将B-P所示化合物与1S,2S-二苯基乙二胺反应制备得B-Q所示化合物;
步骤(2):将B-Q所示化合物转化为B-R所示的布瓦西坦中间体。
本申请的发明人通过对现有技术进行深入的研究发现,现有技术中已报道过的一些拆分剂,例如R-苯乙胺等并不能实现对B-P所示化合物的拆分;但在进一步地探索过程中,发明人意外地发现,特定的拆分剂1S,2S-二苯基乙二胺却可以有效地将B-P所示化合物拆分为B-R所示的布瓦西坦中间体。
在本申请的一些实施方式中,步骤(1)包括:
a.将B-P所示化合物与1S,2S-二苯基乙二胺加入到拆分溶剂中后,升温至溶解澄清,然后降温析晶,分离得到B-Q所示化合物的固体粗品;
b.将所述固体粗品在重结晶溶剂中进行重结晶,得B-Q所示化合物的精制品。
本申请的发明人进一步发现,随着1S,2S-二苯基乙二胺和化合物B-P的摩尔比增大,B-Q所示化合物的收率先增大后减小;手性纯度增加到一定程度后基本不再变化。综合考虑收率、手性纯度及成本因素,应当控制1S,2S-二苯基乙二胺和化合物B-P的摩尔比。在本申请的一些实施方式中,B-P所示化合物与1S,2S-二苯基乙二胺的摩尔比为1:(0.5~1.5),优选为1:1。在此摩尔比范围内,可以获得较高收率及手性纯度的产物。
在本申请的一些实施方式中,步骤a中所述拆分溶剂选自甲基叔丁基醚、异丙醚、四氢呋喃、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯和乙二醇二甲醚中的至少一种;优选为乙酸异丙酯、乙酸乙酯、乙腈和乙二醇二甲醚中的至少一种。上述拆分溶剂可以单独使用一种,也可以将两种以上以任意比例组合使用。
本申请的发明人进一步发现,随着拆分溶剂与B-P所示化合物的体积质量比增大,产物B-Q所示化合物的收率逐渐降低,但是手性纯度提高。综合考虑B-Q所示化合物的收率及手性纯度,在本申请的一些实施方式中,所述拆分溶剂与B-P所示化合物的体积质量比为(1-30)mL:1g,优选体积质量比为(1-10)mL:1g,更优选体积质量比为(3~6)mL:1g。在上述体积质量比范围内,可以获得较高收率及手性纯度的B-Q所示化合物。
在本申请的一些实施方式中,步骤a中升温至25℃~100℃,优选为50℃~75℃。
在本申请的一些实施方式中,步骤b中所述重结晶溶剂选自甲基叔丁基醚、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯和乙二醇二甲醚中的至少一种,上述重结晶溶剂可以单独使用,也可以将两种以上以任意比例组合使用。使用上述重结晶溶剂得到的B-Q所示化合物的精制品,均有较好的手性纯度,尤其是乙酸异丙酯、乙腈、乙酸乙酯和乙二醇二甲醚中的至少一种作为重结晶溶剂时,B-Q所示化合物的精制品的手性纯度均能达到99%以上。
在本申请的一些实施方式中,所述重结晶溶剂与B-Q所示化合物的固体粗品的体积质量比为(1-30)mL:1g,优选体积质量比为(1-10)mL:1g,更优选体积质量比为3mL:1g。
在本申请的一些实施方式中,步骤(2)包括:
c.在含水的反应溶剂中,在酸的存在下,将B-Q所示化合物转化为B-R所示的布瓦西坦中间体。
通过将B-Q所示化合物与酸反应,可以使B-Q所示化合物分解为B-R所示化合物和拆分剂的盐;B-R所示化合物不溶于水而溶于有机溶剂,但拆分剂的盐溶于水中,基于这种溶解度上的差异,通过含水的反应溶剂可以将B-R所示化合物分离出来。
步骤c中的酸没有特别限定,例如可以选自盐酸和三氟乙酸的至少一种。
在本申请的一些实施方式中,步骤c中反应的PH值为1~2。酸将反应溶剂的PH值调节在上述范围,可以保证B-Q所示化合物充分反应,使B-R所示化合物的收率更高。
对于反应溶剂,可以只用水作为反应溶剂;当B-Q所示化合物与酸在水中进行反应时,生成的拆分剂的盐会溶于水中,而生成的B-R所示化合物会从水中析出。
在本申请的一些优选实施方式中,反应溶剂中还可以含有一定量的有机溶剂,例如可以含有乙酸乙酯和乙酸异丙酯中的至少一种。上述有机溶剂可以单独使用,也可以按任意比例组合使用。在反应溶剂中既含有水又含有机溶剂时,B-Q所示化合物与酸在反应溶剂中进行反应,生成的拆分剂的盐会进入水相中;而生成的B-R所示化合物会进入到有机相中。
进一步地,当有机相与水相分层后,可以提取有机相,浓缩、干燥后即得到B-R所示布瓦西坦中间体。
布瓦西坦的制备
本申请提供了一种由B-R所示的布瓦西坦中间体制备布瓦西坦的方法;通过将B-R所示的布瓦西坦中间体氨化,得到布瓦西坦。此制备方法可以避 免使用手性色谱柱,缩短了制备时间,简化了操作,及降低了制备成本。
在本申请的一些实施方式中,布瓦西坦的制备方法包括以下步骤:
根据前述的方法制备布瓦西坦中间体;
将B-R所示的布瓦西坦中间体氨化,得到布瓦西坦。
对于B-R所示的布瓦西坦中间体的氨化没有特别限定,可以采用已知的氨化反应制备布瓦西坦;例如:可以通过将B-R所示的布瓦西坦中间体、HATU(2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯)、氯化铵和二异丙基乙基胺于四氢呋喃中反应,得到布瓦西坦;其中,B-R所示的布瓦西坦中间体、HATU、氯化铵和二异丙基乙基胺的摩尔比为1:(1.5-2.5):(2-3):(2.5-3.5),优选为1:2:2.5:3;四氢呋喃与B-R所示的布瓦西坦中间体的体积质量比为(10-50)mL:1g。
还可以通过将B-R所示的布瓦西坦中间体与二氯甲烷混合,加入活化剂,通入氨气反应,得到布瓦西坦。其中,活化剂可以选自二氯亚砜、草酰氯、三氯氧磷、甲磺酰氯、特戊酰氯和氯甲酸异丁酯中的至少一种;反应温度可以为-20℃-30℃。
以下结合具体实施例,对本申请作进一步的说明。
下述实施例中,原料(S)-2(4-丙基-1,5-二氢吡咯-2-酮)丁酸可以采用已知的方法进行制备,例如可参考专利文献CN107513031A中实施例1的制备方法,其他原料和试剂均为市售得到。
B-P所示化合物的制备
实施例1
将150g(S)-2(4-丙基-1,5-二氢吡咯-2-酮)丁酸(0.71mol),加入到2L氢气高压釜中,加入1.5L甲醇,加入1.5g Pd(OH) 2/C(1%),在15~20MPa压力下反应20小时,过滤,浓缩蒸去甲醇,得140g B-P所示化合物固体。
根据HPLC谱图计算得到B-P所示化合物中两种异构体的比例RS:SS=85:15,手性纯度85%。其中RS表示RS构型的异构产物,即B-R所示化合物;SS表示SS构型的异构产物,即B-R所示化合物的非对映异构体;HPLC 图谱见附图1。
实施例2
将150g(S)-2(4-丙基-1,5-二氢吡咯-2-酮)丁酸(0.71mol)加入到2L氢气高压釜中,加入1.5L异丙醇,加入45g钯碳(30%),在15~20MPa压力下反应20小时,过滤,浓缩蒸去甲醇,得145g B-P所示化合物固体。
根据HPLC谱图计算得到B-P所示化合物中两种异构体的比例RS:SS=55:45,手性纯度55%。其中RS表示RS构型的异构产物,即B-R所示化合物;SS表示SS构型的异构产物,即B-R所示化合物的非对映异构体;HPLC图谱见附图2。
B-Q所示化合物的制备
实施例3
向500ml三口瓶中加入180ml乙酸异丙酯和60g实施例1制备的B-P所示化合物(0.28mol,1.0eq,含异构体15%)和59.4g 1S,2S-二苯基乙二胺(1.0eq,0.28mol),升温至72℃左右,溶清,自然降温至20℃±5℃,搅拌1小时后抽滤,得60g湿品,再将湿品直接加入180ml的乙酸异丙酯,升温至72℃下溶解,经1.5小时缓慢降温至20℃,抽滤,得35.7g B-Q所示化合物。收率:30%;根据HPLC谱图计算得到B-Q所示化合物手性纯度:99.8%,非对映异构体0.2%。HPLC图见附图3。
实施例4
向500ml三口瓶中加入540ml乙酸异丙酯和60g实施例1制备的B-P所示化合物(0.28mol,1.0eq,含异构体15%)和59.4g 1S,2S-二苯基乙二胺(1.0eq,0.28mol),升温至40℃左右,自然降温至20℃±5℃,搅拌1小时后抽滤,得50g湿品,再将湿品直接加入180ml的乙酸异丙酯,升温至72℃下溶解,经1.5小时缓慢降温至20℃,抽滤,得23.8g B-Q所示化合物。收率:20%,纯度:99.8%,非对映异构体0.2%。
实施例5
向500ml三口瓶中加入180ml乙酸异丙酯和60g实施例1制备的B-P所 示化合物(0.28mol,1.0eq,含异构体15%)和59.4g 1S,2S-二苯基乙二胺(1.0eq,0.28mol),升温至80℃左右,溶清,自然降温至20℃±5℃,搅拌1小时后抽滤,得60g湿品,再将湿品直接加入180ml的乙酸异丙酯,升温至72℃下溶解,经1.5小时缓慢降温至20℃,抽滤,得35g B-Q所示化合物。收率:29%,纯度:99.8%,非对映异构体0.2%。
实施例6
向500ml三口瓶中加入180ml乙酸异丙酯和60g实施例1制备的B-P所示化合物(0.28mol,1.0eq,含异构体15%)和29.7g 1S,2S-二苯基乙二胺(0.5eq,0.14mol),升温至50℃左右,溶清,自然降温至20℃±5℃,搅拌1小时后抽滤,得30g湿品,再将湿品直接加入90ml的乙酸异丙酯,升温至72℃下溶解,经1.5小时缓慢降温至20℃,抽滤,得18g B-Q所示化合物。收率:15%,纯度:99%,非对映异构体1.0%。
实施例7
向500ml三口瓶中加入180ml乙酸异丙酯和60g实施例1制备的B-P所示化合物(0.28mol,1.0eq,含异构体15%)和90g 1S,2S-二苯基乙二胺(1.5eq,0.42mol),升温至80℃左右,溶清,自然降温至20℃±5℃,搅拌1小时后抽滤,得55g湿品,再将湿品直接加入180ml的乙酸异丙酯,升温至72℃下溶解,经1.5小时缓慢降温至20℃,抽滤,得30g B-Q所示化合物。收率:25%,纯度:99.8%,非对映异构体0.2%。
实施例8
向500ml三口瓶中加入180ml乙酸异丙酯和60g实施例2制备的B-P所示化合物(0.28mol,1.0eq,含异构体45%)和59.4g 1S,2S-二苯基乙二胺(1.0eq,0.28mol),升温至72℃左右,溶清,自然降温至20℃±5℃,搅拌1小时后抽滤,得50g湿品,再将湿品直接加入180ml的乙酸异丙酯,升温至72℃下溶解,经1.5小时缓慢降温至20℃,抽滤,得30g B-Q所示化合物。收率:25%;手性纯度:98%。
B-R所示化合物的制备
实施例9
在500ml三口瓶中加入实施例3制备的B-Q所示化合物30g,加入120ml水,240ml乙酸乙酯,用6N盐酸调PH至1~2,搅拌0.5小时后分层,水相用30ml乙酸乙酯萃取后,合并有机相,减压浓缩,得到B-R所示化合物的白色固体15g,收率100%,纯度99.8%。H-NMR数据:1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)4.64(dd,J=10.8,5.1Hz,1H),3.43(dd,J=9.4,7.9Hz,1H),3.18(dd,J=9.4,7.2Hz,1H),2.60(dd,J=16.8,8.5Hz,1H),2.34(hept,J=7.7Hz,1H),2.17(dd,J=16.8,8.3Hz,1H),2.05(dqd,J=14.8,7.4,5.0Hz,1H),1.72(ddq,J=14.5,10.8,7.3Hz,1H),1.46(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.39–1.29(m,2H),0.93(td,J=7.4,5.6Hz,6H).
实施例10
在500ml三口瓶中加入实施例4制备的B-Q所示化合20g,加入120ml水,240ml乙酸异丙酯,用6N三氟乙酸调PH至1~2,搅拌0.5小时后分层,水相用30ml乙酸异丙酯萃取后,合并有机相,减压浓缩,得到B-R所示化合物的白色固体10g,收率100%,手性纯度99.8%。
布瓦西坦的制备
实施例11
向250ml四口瓶加入80ml四氢呋喃,6.4g实施例9制备的B-R所示化合物(0.03mol),28.5g HATU(0.075mol),4.9g氯化铵(0.09mol)和11.7g二异丙基乙胺(0.09mol),室温搅拌2小时,向体系加入80ml水和160ml乙酸乙酯搅拌,静置分层。有机相用40ml饱和碳酸氢钠,40ml饱和氯化铵溶液和40ml饱和食盐水各洗涤一次。有机相用5g无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,得7g布瓦西坦固体,HPLC纯度99.5%,手性纯度99.85%。
实施例12拆分溶剂对B-Q所示化合物收率和手性纯度的影响
向反应瓶加入60g(0.28mol)B-P所示化合物和拆分溶剂,升温至50℃,再加入0.28mol的1S,2S-二苯基乙二胺,继续升温至70℃左右,冷却至20℃析晶4小时,过滤得B-Q所示化合物。不同的拆分溶剂及拆分溶剂与B-P所示化合物的不同体积质量比,对B-Q所示化合物的手性纯度及收率的影响见 表1:
表1:拆分溶剂及不同体积比的影响结果
Figure PCTCN2019124801-appb-000007
注:(1)溶清表示溶解澄清。
从表1中可以看出,乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙腈和乙二醇二甲醚对B-P所示的化合物有拆分效果。随着拆分溶剂与B-P所示化合物的体积质量比增大,产物B-Q所示化合物的收率逐渐降低,但是手性纯度提高。
实施例13重结晶溶剂对产物纯度及收率的影响
将拆分得到的B-Q所示化合物固体粗品和重结晶溶剂混合,加热至50℃,冷却至20℃析晶4小时,过滤得B-Q所示化合物的精制品。重结晶溶剂的种类以及重结晶溶剂与B-Q所示化合物的固体粗品的体积质量比对结晶效率的影响见表2:
表2:重结晶溶剂对结晶效率的影响
Figure PCTCN2019124801-appb-000008
从表2中可以看出:用乙二醇二甲醚、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、乙酸异丙酯四 种溶剂重结晶时,均能达到99%以上的手性纯度,其中,乙酸乙酯的收率最高,收率为49%。
对比例 R/S-苯乙胺拆分B-P所示化合物
本申请发明人对专利文献CN106748950A中提到R-苯乙胺拆分化合物B-P的实施例进行重复,未发现拆分效果。进一步考察拆分溶剂对R/S-苯乙胺拆分B-P所示化合物(RS:SS=55:45)的影响,如表3:
表3:考察R/S-苯乙胺拆分溶剂
Figure PCTCN2019124801-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2019124801-appb-000010
由上表3可知,专利文献CN106748950A中记载的R/S苯乙胺对化合物B-P无拆分效果。
上述实施例的作用在于说明本申请的实质性内容,但并不以此限定本申请的保护范围。本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本申请的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本申请技术方案的实质和保护范围。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种B-R所示的布瓦西坦中间体的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
    (1)将B-P所示化合物与1S,2S-二苯基乙二胺反应制备得B-Q所示化合物;
    (2)将B-Q所示化合物转化为B-R所示的布瓦西坦中间体;
    Figure PCTCN2019124801-appb-100001
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其中,步骤(1)包括:
    a.将B-P所示化合物与1S,2S-二苯基乙二胺加入到拆分溶剂中后,升温至溶解澄清,然后降温析晶,分离得到B-Q所示化合物的固体粗品;
    b.将所述固体粗品在重结晶溶剂中进行重结晶,得B-Q所示化合物的精制品。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其中,B-P所示化合物与1S,2S-二苯基乙二胺的摩尔比为1:(0.5~1.5),优选为1:1。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的制备方法,其中,步骤a中所述拆分溶剂选自甲基叔丁基醚、异丙醚、四氢呋喃、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯和乙二醇二甲醚中的至少一种;优选为乙酸异丙酯、乙酸乙酯、乙腈和乙二醇二甲醚中的至少一种。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4中任一项所述的制备方法,其中,所述拆分溶剂与B-P所示化合物的体积质量比为(1-30)mL:1g,优选体积质量比为(1-10)mL:1g,更优选体积质量比为(3~6)mL:1g。
  6. 根据权利要求2-5中任一项所述的制备方法,其中,步骤a中升温至25℃~100℃,优选为50℃~75℃。
  7. 根据权利要求2-6中任一项所述的制备方法,其中,步骤b中所述重结晶溶剂选自甲基叔丁基醚、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯和乙二醇二甲醚中的至少一种,优选为乙酸异丙酯、乙腈、乙酸乙酯和乙二醇二甲醚中的至少一种。
  8. 根据权利要求2-7中任一项所述的制备方法,其中,所述重结晶溶剂与B-Q所示化合物的固体粗品的体积质量比为(1-30)mL:1g,优选体积质量比为(1-10)mL:1g,更优选体积质量比为3mL:1g。
  9. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的制备方法,其中,步骤(2)包括:
    c.在含水的反应溶剂中,在酸的存在下,将B-Q所示化合物转化为B-R所示的布瓦西坦中间体。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的制备方法,其中,步骤c中的酸选自盐酸和三氟乙酸的至少一种。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的制备方法,其中,步骤c中反应的PH值为1~2。
  12. 根据权利要求9-11中任一项所述的制备方法,其中,步骤c中的反应溶剂还含有乙酸乙酯和乙酸异丙酯中的至少一种。
  13. 一种布瓦西坦的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
    根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的方法制备B-R所示的布瓦西坦中间体;
    将B-R所示的布瓦西坦中间体氨化,得到布瓦西坦。
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