WO2020125244A1 - 刀库组件及加工中心 - Google Patents

刀库组件及加工中心 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020125244A1
WO2020125244A1 PCT/CN2019/115630 CN2019115630W WO2020125244A1 WO 2020125244 A1 WO2020125244 A1 WO 2020125244A1 CN 2019115630 W CN2019115630 W CN 2019115630W WO 2020125244 A1 WO2020125244 A1 WO 2020125244A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tool magazine
guide rail
tool
assembly
transmission
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PCT/CN2019/115630
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴勇勇
李林
罗良维
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苏州谷夫道自动化科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2020125244A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020125244A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of numerical control machining, in particular to a tool magazine assembly with a super-large stroke and a machining center with the tool magazine assembly.
  • Patent document CN201810794145.1 discloses an array type tool magazine device, which is arranged vertically with a plurality of rows of tool handles arranged from top to bottom.
  • the tool magazine can be equipped with more tool handles to meet the needs of large-scale machine tools.
  • Patent document CN201620975404.7 discloses a rotary tool magazine device.
  • the motor drives the lifting base to move up and down along the Z-axis direction, and the tool drive device rotates the tool, which is convenient and fast.
  • Patent document CN201720312636.9 discloses a bucket-type tool magazine device, a plurality of tool holders are evenly distributed on the cutter head near the main shaft, the cutter head is connected to the cutter head rotary drive device through the cutter head hub, and a ratchet mechanism is used to assist rotation Change the knife up and down.
  • the patent document CN201810869155.7 discloses a tool change mechanism for an elevated gantry machining center, using a screw and a slider to drive the lifting device and the rotating mechanism , which greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of the machining center, and solves the problem of tool magazine position layout and protection layout.
  • Patent document CN201721429477.7 discloses a straight-line tool magazine and its protective door structure. The cooperation between the rollers, braces and support arms is used to control the rotation of the tool magazine door, protect the tool magazine, and facilitate the single Tool change for the shaft.
  • this type of equipment adopts a guide rail structure driven by a pair of open-end screw nuts. The processing environment is poor, and dust and moisture will affect the stability of the tool changer.
  • the manual tool change of the CNC machine tool consumes a lot of manpower and reduces productivity;
  • the automatic tool change of the CNC machine tool has an array type tool magazine device, a rotary tool magazine, a bucket type tool magazine, an inline tool magazine, etc., which are arranged in the spindle machining area
  • the tool magazine increases the space of the entire CNC machine tool; for pollution problems, the use of a bucket-type tool magazine or a protective door structure can reduce the impact of dust or moisture in the machining area on the screw nut drive structure, but this structure is mainly matched
  • the single-axis machining requirements cannot meet the tool change requirements of multi-axis machining; when the number of spindles increases and the structure size of the tool magazine increases, the size of the non-machining space will increase, affecting the size of the machining area of the CNC machine tool and there is interference risks of.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a tool magazine assembly with an extra large stroke and a machining center with the tool magazine assembly.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions.
  • the invention provides a tool magazine assembly.
  • the tool magazine assembly includes a tool magazine driving assembly, a guide rail assembly and a tool magazine.
  • the tool magazine drive assembly includes a tool magazine drive mechanism, a transmission fixed part and a transmission movable part, the transmission fixed part is drive coupled with the tool magazine drive mechanism, and the transmission fixed part is used for fixed connection with the machine tool,
  • the transmission movable part is drive-coupled with the tool magazine drive mechanism
  • the rail assembly includes a rail base, a first rail, a first rail slider, a second rail, and a second rail slider,
  • the guide rail base is connected to the tool magazine drive mechanism,
  • the first guide rail and the second guide rail are arranged parallel to the guide rail base
  • the first guide rail slider is slidingly connected with the first guide rail, and the first guide rail slider is used for fixed connection with the machine tool,
  • the slider of the second guide rail is slidingly connected with the second guide rail
  • the tool magazine is connected to the second guide rail slider and the transmission movable part
  • the tool magazine drive mechanism and the guide rail base move synchronously relative to the transmission fixing portion and the first guide rail slider along the extending direction of the first guide rail, so The transmission movable part, the second guide rail slider and the tool magazine move synchronously relative to the tool magazine drive mechanism along the extension direction of the second guide rail, and
  • the moving direction of the tool magazine driving mechanism relative to the transmission fixing part is the same as the moving direction of the transmission movable part relative to the tool magazine driving mechanism.
  • the transmission fixing part and/or the transmission movable part is a rack transmission block
  • the tool magazine driving mechanism includes a belt pulley or a sprocket and a toothed transmission belt or a transmission chain connected by transmission, and the toothed transmission belt or the transmission chain is drive-coupled with the rack transmission block.
  • the rack transmission block includes a first rack transmission block and a second rack transmission block, and the first rack transmission block and the second rack transmission block are respectively on the pulley Or the two opposite radial sides of the sprocket mesh with the toothed transmission belt or transmission chain.
  • the tool magazine drive assembly further includes a drive mechanism mounting plate, and the tool magazine drive mechanism is mounted on the drive mechanism for installation Plate, the two guide rail bases of the two guide rail assemblies are connected by the drive mechanism mounting plate.
  • the tool magazine includes a tool and a tool mounting frame, the tool mounting frame is provided with a tool holder clamp, the tool mounting frame is connected to the transmission movable part and the second guide rail slider respectively .
  • the holder clamp has multiple layers, and the holder clamps are arranged at intervals in the vertical direction.
  • the present invention also provides a machining center, the machining center includes a machine tool and the tool magazine assembly according to any of the above embodiments,
  • the machine tool includes a spindle and a gantry
  • the tool magazine assembly and the main shaft are located on both sides of the gantry in the moving direction.
  • the machining center further includes a guard door assembly that is disposed between the tool magazine assembly and the spindle in the moving direction,
  • the guard door assembly includes a guard door and a guard door drive mechanism, the guard door drive mechanism can drive the guard door to reciprocate,
  • the protective door driving mechanism can drive the protective door to a position that shields the tool magazine assembly, and isolates the tool magazine assembly and the spindle in the moving direction,
  • the protective door driving mechanism can drive the protective door to a position that does not cover the tool magazine assembly, so that the tool magazine can move freely in the moving direction.
  • the protective door driving mechanism includes a cylinder barrel and a cylinder rod, and the cylinder rod can telescopically move relative to the cylinder barrel,
  • the cylinder barrel is fixedly connected to the gantry frame, the cylinder rod is fixedly connected to the protective door, and the driving cylinder can drive the protective door to reciprocate in a vertical direction.
  • the machining center includes an installation seat, the installation seat is fixedly installed on the machine tool, and the transmission fixing part and the first guide rail slider are fixedly installed on the installation seat.
  • the present invention provides a tool magazine assembly.
  • the tool magazine has a large stroke, and the tool change can be performed more efficiently. And reduce the space occupied by the tool magazine components.
  • a machining center with this tool magazine assembly can also perform automatic tool change more efficiently.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a machining center according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows a side view of Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of the protective door assembly and the tool magazine assembly in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of the tool magazine assembly in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic structural view of the tool magazine drive assembly and the guide rail assembly in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of the toothed transmission belt and transmission block in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the tool magazine assembly when the tool magazine is retracted.
  • FIG. 8 shows a side view of FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of the tool magazine assembly when the tool magazine is extended.
  • Fig. 10 shows a side view of Fig. 9.
  • 2 protective door assembly 21 protective door; 211 protective door mounting frame; 212 door panel; 22 drive cylinder; 221 cylinder barrel; 222 cylinder rod; 223 transmission connection block; 2231 guide groove; 23 fixed guide mechanism; 231 upper fixed block; 232 Lower fixed block; 233 guide rod;
  • 3 protective cover 4 mounting base; 41 tool magazine component connection board;
  • 5 tool magazine drive assembly 51 tool magazine drive mechanism; 511 drive motor; 512 first pulley; 513 toothed belt; 514 second pulley; 52 first rack drive block; 53 second rack drive block; 54 drive mechanism Mounting plate
  • 6 rail assembly 61 left rail assembly; 611 left rail base; 612 first left rail; 613 first left rail slider; 614 second left rail; 615 second left rail slider; 62 right rail assembly; 621 right Rail base; 622 first right rail; 623 first right rail slider; 624 second right rail; 625 second right rail slider;
  • connection mentioned in the present invention can mean directly connected between the two, or indirectly connected between the two through intermediate structures such as connecting frames and connecting plates; it can mean connecting through fasteners or Clamping, welding or integral molding.
  • the "transmission coupling" mentioned in the present invention can mean that the two directly contact the transmission, or it can also mean that the two are indirectly transmitted through gear transmission, chain transmission, belt transmission and other transmission methods.
  • the machining center includes a machine tool 1, a protective door assembly 2, a protective cover 3, a mounting seat 4, and a tool magazine assembly.
  • the tool magazine assembly includes the tool magazine driving assembly 5, the guide rail assembly 6, and the tool magazine 7.
  • the machine tool includes a base 11, a gantry 12, a main shaft 13, and a table 14.
  • the gantry 12 and the workbench 14 are arranged above the base 11, and the main shaft 13 is arranged on the front side of the gantry 12.
  • the protective door assembly 2 is provided on the rear side of the gantry 12.
  • the guard door assembly 2 includes a guard door 21 and a drive cylinder 22 (guard door drive mechanism) and a fixed guide mechanism 23.
  • a guard door 21 and a drive cylinder 22 guard door drive mechanism
  • a fixed guide mechanism 23 There are two drive cylinders 22 and two fixed guide mechanisms 23, and the protective door 21 is provided between the two fixed guide mechanisms 23 (or two drive cylinders 22) in the left-right direction.
  • the guard door 21 includes a guard door mounting bracket 211 and a door panel 212.
  • the protective door mounting bracket 211 is fixedly mounted on the rear side of the gantry frame 12, and the door panel 212 can move up and down in the protective door mounting bracket 211.
  • the driving cylinder 22 includes a cylinder 221, a cylinder rod 222 and a transmission connection block 223.
  • the cylinder rod 222 can telescopically move relative to the cylinder barrel 221, and the transmission connecting block 223 is installed at the end of the cylinder rod 222 that is located outside the cylinder barrel 221.
  • the transmission connection block 223 is fixedly connected to the door panel 212 so that the door panel 212 can move up and down under the drive of the drive cylinder 22.
  • the fixed guide mechanism 23 includes an upper fixed block 231, a lower fixed block 232 and a guide bar 233.
  • the upper fixing block 231 and the lower fixing block 232 are installed on the gantry frame 12 at intervals in the up-down direction, one end of the guide rod 233 is connected to the upper fixing block 231, and the other end is connected to the lower fixing block 232.
  • the upper fixing block 231 is fixedly connected to the cylinder 221.
  • the transmission connecting block 223 is provided with a guide groove 2231, and the guide rod 233 is provided in the guide groove 2231.
  • the guide rod 233 can guide the transmission connecting block 223 so that the door panel 212 can move up and down more stably.
  • the door panel 212 is located on the upper part of the protective door mounting bracket 211 to cover the tool magazine assembly. In this way, it is possible to reduce the pollution of dust, water vapor and other pollutants to the tool magazine components during the processing of the machine tool, reduce the risk of the transmission mechanism operation, and improve the stability of the operation.
  • the drive cylinder 22 drives the door plate 212 to move downward to form a passage through which the tool magazine 7 in the tool magazine assembly can pass, and the tool magazine can pass between the channel and the spindle 13 for tool change.
  • the protective covers 3 are provided on the left and right sides of the gantry frame 12 to protect the shaft system of the machine tool 1 and to isolate the processing area of the machine tool 1 from the non-processing area.
  • the mounting base 4 is fixedly mounted on the gantry frame 12, and the lower surface of the mounting base 4 is provided with a tool magazine assembly connecting plate 41 for connecting with the tool magazine assembly.
  • the tool magazine drive assembly 5 includes a tool magazine drive mechanism 51, a first rack transmission block 52 (transmission fixing portion), and a second rack transmission block 53 (transmission activity ⁇ ) and drive mechanism mounting plate 54.
  • the tool magazine drive mechanism 51 is installed on the drive mechanism mounting plate 54, and the tool magazine drive mechanism 51 is drivingly coupled with the first rack transmission block 52 and the second rack transmission block 53.
  • the tool magazine drive mechanism 51 includes a drive motor 511, a first pulley 512, a toothed belt 513, and a second pulley 514 that are sequentially connected.
  • the first pulley 512 is installed on the rear side of the drive mechanism mounting plate 54
  • the second pulley 514 is installed on the front side of the drive mechanism mounting plate 54
  • the toothed transmission belt 513 is an endless transmission belt
  • the drive mechanism installation plate 54 passes through the toothed transmission belt 513 annular space.
  • the first rack transmission block 52 is drivingly coupled with the toothed belt 513, and the first rack transmission block 52 is disposed above the drive mechanism mounting plate 54. Among them, the first rack transmission block 52 is fixedly connected to the tool magazine assembly connecting plate 41.
  • the second rack transmission block 53 is drivingly coupled with the toothed belt 513, and the second rack transmission block 53 is disposed below the drive mechanism mounting plate 54. Among them, the second rack transmission block 53 is fixedly connected to the tool magazine 7.
  • the rail assembly 6 includes a left rail assembly 61 and a right rail assembly 62. Among them, the left rail assembly 61 and the right rail assembly 62 extend in parallel.
  • the left rail assembly 61 includes a left rail base 611, a first left rail 612, a first left rail slider 613, a second left rail 614, and a second left rail Slider 615.
  • the first left rail 612 is provided on the upper part of the left rail base 611, and the first left rail 612 is slidingly connected to the first left rail slider 613.
  • the second left rail 614 is provided at the lower part of the left rail base 611, and the second left rail 614 is slidingly connected to the second left rail slider 615.
  • the first left rail slider 613 is fixedly connected to the tool magazine assembly connecting plate 41, and the second left rail slider 615 is fixedly connected to the tool magazine 7.
  • the structure of the right rail assembly 62 is basically the same as the structure of the left rail assembly 61.
  • the right rail assembly 62 includes a right rail base 621, a first right rail 622, a first The right rail slider 623, the second right rail 624, and the second right rail slider 625.
  • the first right rail slider 623 is fixedly connected to the tool magazine assembly connecting plate 41
  • the second right rail slider 625 is fixedly connected to the tool magazine 7.
  • the left rail base 611 and the right rail base 621 are connected by a drive mechanism mounting plate 54.
  • the tool magazine 7 includes a tool mounting frame 71 and a tool 72.
  • the tool mount 71 includes a tool holder mounting plate 711 and a tool holder 712.
  • the rear part of the tool holder clamp mounting plate 711 is fixedly connected to the second rack transmission block 53, the second left rail slider 615, and the second right rail slider 625, and the front of the tool holder clamp mounting plate 711 is provided with a knife Handle clamp 712.
  • the tool holder jig 712 includes a first tool holder jig 7121 and a second tool holder jig 7122 that are spaced up and down.
  • the structure of the first tool holder 7121 and the second tool holder 7122 may be the same or different, so that a larger number and types of tools 72 can be clamped.
  • the cutter 72 includes a first cutter 721 and a second cutter 722.
  • the first tool 721 is disposed on the first tool holder 7121
  • the second tool 722 is disposed on the second tool holder 7122.
  • the magazine assembly when the machining center does not change tools, the magazine assembly is retracted and located on the rear side of the gantry frame 12, and the guard door assembly 2 covers the magazine assembly.
  • first left rail slider 613 and the first right rail slider 623 fixedly connected to the tool magazine assembly connecting plate 41 are located at the front of the left rail base 611 and the right rail base 621, respectively.
  • the second left rail slider 615 and the second right rail slider 625 fixedly connected to the tool magazine 7 are located at the rear of the left rail base 611 and the right rail base 621, respectively.
  • the first rack transmission block 52 fixedly connected to the tool magazine assembly connecting plate 41 is located at the front of the toothed transmission belt 513, close to the second pulley 514, and the second fixedly connected to the tool magazine 7
  • the rack drive block 53 is located at the rear of the toothed belt 513, close to the first pulley 512.
  • the door panel 212 in the protective door assembly 2 moves downward to form a passage through which the tool magazine 7 passes.
  • the driving motor 511 drives the first pulley 512 to rotate counterclockwise (based on the angle of view of FIG. 6 ), and drives the toothed belt 513 to run in the counterclockwise direction. Since the first rack transmission block 52, the first left rail slider 613 and the first right rail slider 623 are all indirectly fixed to the gantry 12 through the mounting seat 4, the first rack transmission block 52 and the first left rail slide Block 613 and the first right rail slider 623 are kept stationary, the tool magazine drive mechanism 51, the drive mechanism mounting plate 54, the second rack transmission block 53, the rail assembly 6 (excluding the first left rail slider 613 and the first A right rail slider 623) and the tool magazine 7 will move forward relative to the first rack drive block 52 (ie, toward the spindle 13).
  • the second rack transmission block 53 is moved forward relative to the tool magazine driving mechanism 51 under the drive of the toothed belt 513, and accordingly, the tool magazine 7 fixedly connected to the second rack transmission block 53 is also opposite to The magazine drive mechanism 51 moves forward.
  • the moving distance of the tool magazine 7 is the sum of the moving distance of the driving mechanism 51 relative to the first rack transmission block 52 and the moving distance of the second rack transmission block 53 relative to the driving mechanism 51, that is, the tool magazine 7 has a double Times the itinerary.
  • the first left rail slider 613 and the first right rail slider 623 fixedly connected to the tool magazine assembly connecting plate 41 are located at The rear of the left rail base 611 and the right rail base 621.
  • the second left rail slider 615 and the second right rail slider 625 fixedly connected to the tool magazine 7 are located in front of the left rail base 611 and the right rail base 621, respectively.
  • the first rack transmission block 52 fixedly connected to the tool magazine assembly connecting plate 41 is located at the rear of the toothed transmission belt 513
  • the second rack transmission block 53 fixedly connected to the tool magazine 7 is located at the toothed transmission belt The front part of 513.
  • the tool can be changed between the spindle 13 and the tool magazine 7 by the tool change mechanism.
  • the driving motor 511 drives the first pulley 512 to rotate clockwise (based on the angle of view in FIG. 6 ), and the tool magazine 7 will contract and reset in the reverse operation process of the above-mentioned extension process. It can be understood that the tool magazine 7 also has a double stroke during the shrinking process.
  • the tool magazine assembly or machining center according to the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the tool magazine assembly of the present invention through the cooperation between the tool magazine drive assembly, the guide rail assembly and the tool magazine, the tool magazine has an extra large stroke, and the automatic tool change can be performed more efficiently, and the tool is reduced Space occupied by library components.
  • the pulley and the toothed transmission belt are used as the transmission components, which can work normally in harsh environments such as dust, improve the stability of the transmission, and the toothed transmission belt is simple to install, requires low accuracy, and is installed low cost.
  • a multi-layer tool holder fixture is provided in the tool magazine, which can hold a larger number and type of tools, and can match the tool requirements of multi-spindle machining.
  • the protection of the tool magazine assembly is provided by the protection door assembly, which reduces the pollution of the tool magazine assembly by dust, water and other pollutants during the processing of the machine tool, and reduces the risk of the transmission mechanism operation , Improve the stability of the transmission mechanism.
  • the guard door drive mechanism is described as the drive cylinder in the above embodiment, the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the guard door drive mechanism may be a hydraulic cylinder, or may be configured as a ball screw transmission mechanism or a motor drive mechanism, as long as The door panel capable of driving the protective door can be moved up and down.
  • the door panel has been described to move up and down in the above embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the door panel may be provided to move left and right as long as it can shield the tool magazine assembly and form a passage through which the tool magazine assembly passes.
  • the mounting seat can be a mounting rod, a mounting plate, etc.
  • the mounting seat can be located on the first rack drive block, the first left rail slider and the first right rail slider Side or below;
  • the first rack drive block, the first left rail slider and the first right rail slider can be fixedly installed on the gantry frame through independent connectors, or can be fixed on the machine tool except the gantry frame Other fixed parts.
  • the tool magazine drive mechanism uses a toothed belt and a pulley as a transmission member
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the tool magazine drive mechanism may also be configured as a belt other than a chain drive or a toothed belt
  • the rack transmission block may be configured as a transmission block compatible with the tool magazine drive mechanism.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the guide rail assemblies may be one, three, or more.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and the tool holder may be one layer, three layers, or more layers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automatic Tool Replacement In Machine Tools (AREA)

Abstract

一种刀库组件及加工中心。该刀库组件包括刀库驱动组件（5）、导轨组件（6）和刀库（7），刀库驱动组件（5）包括传动联接的刀库驱动机构（51）、传动固定部和传动活动部，导轨组件（6）包括导轨基座、第一导轨、第一导轨滑块、第二导轨和第二导轨滑块，导轨基座与刀库驱动机构（51）连接，第一导轨滑块与所述第一导轨滑动连接，第二导轨滑块与第二导轨滑动连接，刀库与所述第二导轨滑块、传动活动部分别连接，刀库驱动机构（51）能够相对于传动固定部移动，传动活动部能够相对于刀库驱动机构（51）移动，且两者的相对移动方向相同。刀库组件中的刀库具有超大行程，能够更加高效地进行自动换刀，且减小了刀库组件所占用的空间。

Description

刀库组件及加工中心
相关申请的引用
本发明要求2018年12月18日在中国提交的，名称为“刀库组件及加工中心”、申请号为201822138413.2的实用新型专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及数控加工技术领域，尤其涉及一种刀库具有超大行程的刀库组件和具有该刀库组件的加工中心。
背景技术
目前，为适应加工尺寸跨度大、形状多样的零件，数控机床加工工艺越来越多样，机床的刀库种类也越来越繁多。针对目前机械加工过程中需要换刀的问题，有非自动化换刀方式和自动化换刀方式。非自动化换刀时，工人体力消耗大、工效低，质量不稳定、返工率高；而自动化换刀时，刀库整体结构尺寸大，要求刀库行程高、刚性好。
大型机床为了适应加工工艺复杂，工位多的加工需求，通常采用自动化刀库。
专利文献CN201810794145.1中公开了一种阵列式刀库装置，采用从上至下多列刀把竖直摆放的方式排列，刀库可以配备更多刀把，满足大型机床加工的需求。
专利文献CN201620975404.7中公开了一种旋转式刀库装置，电机带动升降座沿Z轴方向上下移动，刀具驱动装置对刀具进行转动，换刀方便快捷。
专利文献CN201720312636.9中公开了一种斗笠式刀库装置，多个刀架圆 周均布在主轴附近的刀盘上，刀盘通过刀盘轮毂与刀盘旋转驱动装置连接，采用棘轮机构旋转辅助上、下换刀。
问题在于，这类刀库通常只能满足单轴加工的要求，若要应用于多主轴加工，会造成刀库尺寸结构巨大，压缩加工区间，引起干涉和碰撞。
为了应对材料加工过程产生的大量粉尘、水气等污染物，专利文献CN201810869155.7中公开了一种用于高架龙门加工中心的换刀机构，利用丝杠和滑块驱动抬起装置和旋转机构，大大提高了加工中心的高效性和准确性，解决了刀库位置布置问题和防护布置问题。
专利文献CN201721429477.7中公开了一种直排式刀库及其防护门结构，采用滚轮、撑杆与支撑臂之间的配合实现了对刀库门的转动的控制，保护刀库，便于单轴的换刀。但是，这类设备采用成对开式控制的丝杆螺母驱动的导轨结构，加工环境差，粉尘、水气等会影响刀库换刀的稳定性。
总之，数控机床手动换刀，人力消耗大，生产率降低；数控机床自动换刀，有阵列式刀库装置，旋转式刀库，斗笠式刀库，直排式刀库等，在主轴加工区布置刀库，增加了整个数控机床的空间；针对污染问题，采用斗笠式刀库或者防护门结构，可以降低加工区间的粉尘或水气对丝杠螺母驱动结构的影响，但这种结构主要是匹配单轴的加工需求，无法满足多轴加工的换刀要求；当主轴数量增加和刀库的结构尺寸增大时，非加工空间的尺寸将增大，影响数控机床的加工区间的尺寸，存在干涉的风险。
发明内容
基于现有技术中的上述缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种刀库具有超大行程的刀库组件及具有该刀库组件的加工中心。
为此，本发明提供如下技术方案。
本发明提供了一种刀库组件，所述刀库组件包括刀库驱动组件、导轨组 件和刀库，
所述刀库驱动组件包括刀库驱动机构、传动固定部和传动活动部，所述传动固定部与所述刀库驱动机构传动联接，且所述传动固定部用于与机床固定连接，
所述传动活动部与所述刀库驱动机构传动联接，
所述导轨组件包括导轨基座、第一导轨、第一导轨滑块、第二导轨和第二导轨滑块，
所述导轨基座与所述刀库驱动机构连接，
所述第一导轨和所述第二导轨平行设置于所述导轨基座，
所述第一导轨滑块与所述第一导轨滑动连接，且所述第一导轨滑块用于与所述机床固定连接，
所述第二导轨滑块与所述第二导轨滑动连接，
所述刀库与所述第二导轨滑块、所述传动活动部分别连接，
当所述刀库驱动机构工作时，所述刀库驱动机构与所述导轨基座相对于所述传动固定部及所述第一导轨滑块沿所述第一导轨的延伸方向同步运动，所述传动活动部、所述第二导轨滑块与所述刀库相对于所述刀库驱动机构沿所述第二导轨的延伸方向同步运动，并且
所述刀库驱动机构相对于所述传动固定部的移动方向与所述传动活动部相对于所述刀库驱动机构的移动方向相同。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述传动固定部和/或所述传动活动部为齿条传动块，
所述刀库驱动机构包括传动相连的皮带轮或链轮和齿型传动带或传动链，所述齿型传动带或所述传动链与所述齿条传动块传动联接。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述齿条传动块包括第一齿条传动块和第二齿条传动块，所述第一齿条传动块和所述第二齿条传动块分别在所述皮带轮或 所述链轮的径向两相反侧与所述齿型传动带或传动链啮合。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述导轨组件有两个，两个所述导轨组件平行延伸，所述刀库驱动组件还包括驱动机构安装板，所述刀库驱动机构安装于所述驱动机构安装板，两个所述导轨组件的两个所述导轨基座通过所述驱动机构安装板板连接。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述刀库包括刀具和刀具安装架，所述刀具安装架设置有刀柄夹具，所述刀具安装架与所述传动活动部、所述第二导轨滑块分别连接。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述刀柄夹具有多层，多层所述刀柄夹具沿竖直方向间隔开布置。
本发明还提供了一种加工中心，所述加工中心包括机床和上述任一实施方式所述的刀库组件，
所述机床包括主轴和龙门架，
所述刀库组件与所述主轴位于所述龙门架的所述移动方向上的两侧。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述加工中心还包括防护门组件，所述防护门组件在所述移动方向上设置于所述刀库组件与所述主轴之间，
所述防护门组件包括防护门和防护门驱动机构，所述防护门驱动机构能够驱动所述防护门往复运动，
当不需要换刀时，所述防护门驱动机构能够驱动所述防护门移动至遮蔽所述刀库组件的位置，在所述移动方向上将所述刀库组件和所述主轴隔离，
当需要换刀时，所述防护门驱动机构能够驱动所述防护门移动至不遮蔽所述刀库组件的位置，使得所述刀库能够在所述移动方向上自由移动。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述防护门驱动机构包括缸筒和缸杆，所述缸杆能够相对于所述缸筒伸缩移动，
所述缸筒与所述龙门架固定连接，所述缸杆与所述防护门固定连接，所 述驱动缸能够驱动所述防护门沿竖直方向往复运动。
在至少一个实施方式中，所述加工中心包括安装座，所述安装座固定安装于所述机床，所述传动固定部和所述第一导轨滑块固定安装于所述安装座。
通过采用上述的技术方案，本发明提供了一种刀库组件，通过刀库驱动组件、导轨组件和刀库之间的相互配合，使得刀库具有超大行程，能够更加高效地进行自动换刀，且减小了刀库组件所占用的空间。同样地，具有该刀库组件的加工中心也能够更加高效地进行自动换刀。
附图说明
图1示出了根据本发明的加工中心的整体结构示意图。
图2示出了图1的侧视图。
图3示出了图2中的防护门组件及刀库组件的结构示意图。
图4示出了图2中的刀库组件的结构示意图。
图5示出了图4中的刀库驱动组件及导轨组件的结构示意图。
图6示出了图5中的齿型传动带与传动块的结构示意图。
图7示出了刀库缩回时的刀库组件的示意图。
图8示出了图7的侧视图。
图9示出了刀库伸出时的刀库组件的示意图。
图10示出了图9的侧视图。
附图标记说明
1机床；11底座；12龙门架；13主轴；14工作台；
2防护门组件；21防护门；211防护门安装架；212门板；22驱动气缸；221缸筒；222缸杆；223传动连接块；2231导向槽；23固定导向机构；231上固定块；232下固定块；233导向杆；
3防护罩；4安装座；41刀库组件连接板；
5刀库驱动组件；51刀库驱动机构；511驱动电机；512第一皮带轮；513齿型传动带；514第二皮带轮；52第一齿条传动块；53第二齿条传动块；54驱动机构安装板；
6导轨组件；61左导轨组件；611左导轨基座；612第一左导轨；613第一左导轨滑块；614第二左导轨；615第二左导轨滑块；62右导轨组件；621右导轨基座；622第一右导轨；623第一右导轨滑块；624第二右导轨；625第二右导轨滑块；
7刀库；71刀具安装架；711刀柄夹具安装板；712刀柄夹具；7121第一刀柄夹具；7122第二刀柄夹具；72刀具；721第一刀具；722第二刀具。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图描述本发明的示例性实施方式。应当理解，这些具体的说明仅用于示教本领域技术人员如何实施本发明，而不用于穷举本发明的所有可行的方式，也不用于限制本发明的保护范围。
本发明提及的“连接”既可以表示两者之间直接连接，也可以表示两者之间通过连接架、连接板等中间结构件间接连接；既可以表示通过紧固件连接，也可以表示卡接、焊接或一体成型。
本发明提及的“传动联接”既可以表示两者直接接触传动，也可以表示两者之间通过齿轮传动、链传动、带传动等传动方式间接传动。
本发明提及的“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“上”和“下”等方位性描述是就图1的视角而言的，具体参照图1中的标记。
下面结合图1至图6详细说明根据本发明的加工中心的具体实施方式。
在本实施方式中，如图1和图2所示，根据本发明的加工中心包括机床1、防护门组件2、防护罩3、安装座4和刀库组件。其中，刀库组件包括刀库驱 动组件5、导轨组件6和刀库7。
在本实施方式中，如图1和图2所示，机床包括底座11、龙门架12、主轴13和工作台14。其中，龙门架12和工作台14设置于底座11上方，主轴13设置于龙门架12的前侧。
在本实施方式中，如图1和2所示，防护门组件2设置于龙门架12的后侧。
在本实施方式中，如图3所示，防护门组件2包括防护门21和驱动气缸22(防护门驱动机构)和固定导向机构23。其中，驱动气缸22和固定导向机构23均有两个，防护门21在左右方向上设置于两个固定导向机构23(或两个驱动气缸22)之间。
在本实施方式中，如图3所示，防护门21包括防护门安装架211和门板212。其中，防护门安装架211固定安装于龙门架12的后侧，门板212能够在防护门安装架211中上下移动。
在本实施方式中，如图3所示，驱动气缸22包括缸筒221、缸杆222和传动连接块223。其中，缸杆222能够相对于缸筒221伸缩运动，传动连接块223安装于缸杆222的位于缸筒221外的一端。
在本实施方式中，如图3所示，传动连接块223与门板212固定连接，使得门板212能够在驱动气缸22的驱动下上下移动。
在本实施方式中，如图3所示，固定导向机构23包括上固定块231、下固定块232和导向杆233。其中，上固定块231和下固定块232沿上下方向间隔开安装于龙门架12，导向杆233一端与上固定块231连接，另一端与下固定块232连接。
在本实施方式中，如图3所示，上固定块231与缸筒221固定连接。
在本实施方式中，如图3所示，传动连接块223设置有导向槽2231，导向杆233设置于导向槽2231中。这样，导向杆233能够对传动连接块223进行导向，使得门板212能够更稳定地上下移动。
在本实施方式中，当不需要换刀时，门板212位于防护门安装架211的上部，将刀库组件遮蔽。这样，能够减少机床加工过程中粉尘、水气等污染物对刀库组件的污染，降低传动机构运行的风险，提高运行的稳定性。
当需要换刀时，驱动气缸22驱动门板212向下移动，形成供刀库组件中的刀库7通过的通道，刀库可穿过该通道与主轴13之间进行换刀。
在本实施方式中，防护罩3设置于龙门架12的左右两侧，用于防护机床1的轴系以及将机床1的加工区域与非加工区域隔离。
在本实施方式中，安装座4固定安装于龙门架12，安装座4的下表面设置有刀库组件连接板41，用于与刀库组件连接。
在本实施方式中，如图4和图5所示，刀库驱动组件5包括刀库驱动机构51、第一齿条传动块52(传动固定部)、第二齿条传动块53(传动活动部)和驱动机构安装板54。其中，刀库驱动机构51安装于驱动机构安装板54，刀库驱动机构51与第一齿条传动块52、第二齿条传动块53均传动联接。
在本实施方式中，如图4、图5和图6所示，刀库驱动机构51包括依次传动相连的驱动电机511、第一皮带轮512、齿型传动带513和第二皮带轮514。其中，第一皮带轮512安装于驱动机构安装板54的后侧，第二皮带轮514安装于驱动机构安装板54的前侧，齿型传动带513为环形传动带，驱动机构安装板54穿过齿型传动带513的环形空间。
在本实施方式中，如图4和图5所示，第一齿条传动块52与齿型传动带513传动联接，且第一齿条传动块52设置于驱动机构安装板54的上方。其中，第一齿条传动块52与刀库组件连接板41固定连接。
在本实施方式中，如图4和图5所示，第二齿条传动块53与齿型传动带513传动联接，且第二齿条传动块53设置于驱动机构安装板54的下方。其中，第二齿条传动块53与刀库7固定连接。
在本实施方式中，如图4和图5所示，导轨组件6包括左导轨组件61和右 导轨组件62。其中，左导轨组件61和右导轨组件62平行延伸。
在本实施方式中，如图4和图5所示，左导轨组件61包括左导轨基座611、第一左导轨612、第一左导轨滑块613、第二左导轨614和第二左导轨滑块615。
在本实施方式中，如图4和图5所示，第一左导轨612设置于左导轨基座611的上部，第一左导轨612与第一左导轨滑块613滑动连接。
在本实施方式中，如图4和图5所示，第二左导轨614设置于左导轨基座611的下部，第二左导轨614与第二左导轨滑块615滑动连接。
在本实施方式中，如图4和图5所示，第一左导轨滑块613与刀库组件连接板41固定连接，第二左导轨滑块615与刀库7固定连接。
在本实施方式中，如图4和图5所示，右导轨组件62的结构与左导轨组件61的结构基本相同，右导轨组件62包括右导轨基座621、第一右导轨622、第一右导轨滑块623、第二右导轨624和第二右导轨滑块625。其中，第一右导轨滑块623与刀库组件连接板41固定连接，第二右导轨滑块625与刀库7固定连接。
在本实施方式中，如图4和图5所示，左导轨基座611和右导轨基座621之间通过驱动机构安装板54连接。
在本实施方式中，如图3所示，刀库7包括刀具安装架71和刀具72。
在本实施方式中，如图4所示，刀具安装架71包括刀柄夹具安装板711和刀柄夹具712。其中，刀柄夹具安装板711的后部与第二齿条传动块53、第二左导轨滑块615、第二右导轨滑块625均固定连接，刀柄夹具安装板711的前部设置刀柄夹具712。
在本实施方式中，如图4所示，刀柄夹具712包括上下间隔开设置的第一刀柄夹具7121和第二刀柄夹具7122。其中，第一刀柄夹具7121和第二刀柄夹具7122的结构既可以相同，也可以不同，这样，能够夹持更多数量和类型的刀具72。
在本实施方式中，如图4所示，刀具72包括第一刀具721和第二刀具722。其中第一刀具721设置于第一刀柄夹具7121，第二刀具722设置于第二刀柄夹具7122。
下面结合图7至图10详细说明根据本发明的加工中心的换刀过程。
在本实施方式中，如图7和图8所示，当加工中心不换刀时，刀库组件收缩位于龙门架12的后侧，防护门组件2遮蔽刀库组件。
此时，与刀库组件连接板41固定连接的第一左导轨滑块613和第一右导轨滑块623分别位于左导轨基座611和右导轨基座621的前部。与刀库7固定连接的第二左导轨滑块615和第二右导轨滑块625分别位于左导轨基座611和右导轨基座621的后部。
相应地，如图6所示，与刀库组件连接板41固定连接的第一齿条传动块52位于齿型传动带513的前部，靠近第二皮带轮514，与刀库7固定连接的第二齿条传动块53位于齿型传动带513的后部，靠近第一皮带轮512。
当加工中心需要换刀时，防护门组件2中的门板212向下移动，形成供刀库7穿过的通道。
驱动电机511驱动第一皮带轮512逆时针(基于图6的视角)转动，带动齿型传动带513沿着逆时针方向运行。由于第一齿条传动块52、第一左导轨滑块613和第一右导轨滑块623均通过安装座4间接地固定于龙门架12，第一齿条传动块52、第一左导轨滑块613和第一右导轨滑块623均保持不动，刀库驱动机构51、驱动机构安装板54、第二齿条传动块53、导轨组件6(不包括第一左导轨滑块613和第一右导轨滑块623)和刀库7将一起相对于第一齿条传动块52朝前(即朝向主轴13)运动。
与此同时，第二齿条传动块53在齿型传动带513的带动下相对于刀库驱动机构51朝前运动，相应地，与第二齿条传动块53固定连接的刀库7也相对于刀库驱动机构51朝前运动。
可以理解，刀库7的移动距离为驱动机构51相对于第一齿条传动块52的移动距离与第二齿条传动块53相对于驱动机构51的移动距离之和，即刀库7具有双倍的行程。
在本实施方式中，如图9和图10所示，刀库7伸长到位时，与刀库组件连接板41固定连接的第一左导轨滑块613和第一右导轨滑块623分别位于左导轨基座611和右导轨基座621的后部。与刀库7固定连接的第二左导轨滑块615和第二右导轨滑块625分别位于左导轨基座611和右导轨基座621的前部。
可以理解，此时，与刀库组件连接板41固定连接的第一齿条传动块52位于齿型传动带513的后部，与刀库7固定连接的第二齿条传动块53位于齿型传动带513的前部。
接着，可以通过换刀机构在主轴13和刀库7之间换刀。
换刀结束后，驱动电机511驱动第一皮带轮512顺时针(基于图6的视角)转动，刀库7将以与上述的伸长过程相反的动作过程收缩复位。可以理解，刀库7在收缩的过程中同样具有双倍的行程。
最后，防护门组件2中的门板212向上移动，遮蔽刀库组件。
通过采用上述技术方案，根据本发明的刀库组件或加工中心具有以下优点：
(1)在本发明的刀库组件中，通过刀库驱动组件、导轨组件和刀库之间的相互配合，使得刀库具有超大行程，能够更加高效地进行自动换刀，且减小了刀库组件所占用的空间。
(2)在本发明的刀库组件中，使用皮带轮和齿型传动带作为传动部件，能够在粉尘等恶劣环境下正常工作，提高传动的稳定性，且齿型传动带安装简单，精度要求低，安装成本低。
(3)在本发明的刀库组件中，刀库中设置多层刀柄夹具，能够夹持更多数量和类型的刀具，能够匹配多主轴加工的刀具需求。
(4)在本发明的加工中心中，通过将刀库组件设置于龙门架的与主轴相背的一侧，能够避免刀库组件与主轴发生干涉或碰撞。
(5)在本发明的加工中心中，通过设置防护门组件对刀库组件进行防护，减少了机床加工过程中粉尘、水气等污染物对刀库组件的污染，降低了传动机构运行的风险，提高了传动机构运行的稳定性。
以上的具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案进行了详细阐述，但是还需要补充说明的是：
(1)虽然在上述实施方式中说明了防护门驱动机构为驱动气缸，但是本发明不限于此，防护门驱动机构可以为液压缸，也可以构造为滚珠丝杠传动机构、电机驱动机构，只要能够驱动防护门的门板上下移动即可。
(2)虽然在上述实施方式中说明了门板上下移动，但是本发明不限于此，门板也可以设置为左右移动，只要能够遮蔽刀库组件及形成供刀库组件通过的通道即可。
(3)虽然在上述实施方式中说明了第一齿条传动块、第一左导轨滑块和第一右导轨滑块均与安装座下方的刀库组件连接板固定连接，间接地安装于龙门架，但是本发明不限于此，首先，安装座可以为安装杆、安装板等构件；其次，安装座可以位于第一齿条传动块、第一左导轨滑块和第一右导轨滑块的侧方或下方；最后，第一齿条传动块、第一左导轨滑块和第一右导轨滑块可以分别通过独立的连接件固定安装于龙门架，也可以固定安装于机床的除了龙门架之外的其它固定部位。
(4)虽然在上述实施方式中说明了刀库驱动机构使用齿型传动带和皮带轮作为传动部件，但是本发明不限于此，刀库驱动机构也可以构造为链传动、齿型带之外的带传动等传动机构，相应地，齿条传动块可以构造为与刀库驱动机构相适应的传动块。
(5)虽然在上述实施方式中说明了导轨组件有两个，但是本发明不限 于此，导轨组件可以为一个、三个或更多个。
(6)虽然在上述实施方式中说明了刀柄夹具有两层，但是本发明不限于此，刀柄夹具可以为一层、三层或更多层。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种刀库组件，其特征在于，所述刀库组件包括刀库驱动组件、导轨组件和刀库，
    所述刀库驱动组件包括刀库驱动机构、传动固定部和传动活动部，所述传动固定部与所述刀库驱动机构传动联接，且所述传动固定部用于与机床固定连接，
    所述传动活动部与所述刀库驱动机构传动联接，
    所述导轨组件包括导轨基座、第一导轨、第一导轨滑块、第二导轨和第二导轨滑块，
    所述导轨基座与所述刀库驱动机构连接，
    所述第一导轨和所述第二导轨平行设置于所述导轨基座，
    所述第一导轨滑块与所述第一导轨滑动连接，且所述第一导轨滑块用于与所述机床固定连接，
    所述第二导轨滑块与所述第二导轨滑动连接，
    所述刀库与所述第二导轨滑块、所述传动活动部分别连接，
    当所述刀库驱动机构工作时，所述刀库驱动机构与所述导轨基座相对于所述传动固定部及所述第一导轨滑块沿所述第一导轨的延伸方向同步运动，所述传动活动部、所述第二导轨滑块与所述刀库相对于所述刀库驱动机构沿所述第二导轨的延伸方向同步运动，并且
    所述刀库驱动机构相对于所述传动固定部的移动方向与所述传动活动部相对于所述刀库驱动机构的移动方向相同。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的刀库组件，其特征在于，所述传动固定部和/或所述传动活动部为齿条传动块，
    所述刀库驱动机构包括传动相连的皮带轮或链轮和齿型传动带或传动链，所述齿型传动带或所述传动链与所述齿条传动块传动联接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的刀库组件，其特征在于，所述齿条传动块包括 第一齿条传动块和第二齿条传动块，所述第一齿条传动块和所述第二齿条传动块分别在所述皮带轮或所述链轮的径向两相反侧与所述齿型传动带或传动链啮合。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的刀库组件，其特征在于，所述导轨组件有两个，两个所述导轨组件平行延伸，
    所述刀库驱动组件还包括驱动机构安装板，所述刀库驱动机构安装于所述驱动机构安装板，
    两个所述导轨组件的两个所述导轨基座通过所述驱动机构安装板板连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的刀库组件，其特征在于，所述刀库包括刀具和刀具安装架，
    所述刀具安装架设置有刀柄夹具，
    所述刀具安装架与所述传动活动部、所述第二导轨滑块分别连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的刀库组件，其特征在于，所述刀柄夹具有多层，多层所述刀柄夹具沿竖直方向间隔开布置。
  7. 一种加工中心，其特征在于，所述加工中心包括机床和权利要求1至6中任一项所述的刀库组件，
    所述机床包括主轴和龙门架，
    所述刀库组件与所述主轴位于所述龙门架的所述移动方向上的两侧。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的加工中心，其特征在于，所述加工中心还包括防护门组件，所述防护门组件在所述移动方向上设置于所述刀库组件与所述主轴之间，
    所述防护门组件包括防护门和防护门驱动机构，所述防护门驱动机构能够驱动所述防护门往复运动，
    当不需要换刀时，所述防护门驱动机构能够驱动所述防护门移动至遮蔽 所述刀库组件的位置，在所述移动方向上将所述刀库组件和所述主轴隔离，
    当需要换刀时，所述防护门驱动机构能够驱动所述防护门移动至不遮蔽所述刀库组件的位置，使得所述刀库能够在所述移动方向上自由移动。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的加工中心，其特征在于，所述防护门驱动机构包括缸筒和缸杆，所述缸杆能够相对于所述缸筒伸缩移动，
    所述缸筒与所述龙门架固定连接，所述缸杆与所述防护门固定连接，所述防护门驱动机构能够驱动所述防护门沿竖直方向往复运动。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的加工中心，其特征在于，所述加工中心包括安装座，所述安装座固定安装于所述机床，所述传动固定部和所述第一导轨滑块固定安装于所述安装座。
PCT/CN2019/115630 2018-12-18 2019-11-05 刀库组件及加工中心 WO2020125244A1 (zh)

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CN111408973A (zh) * 2020-04-29 2020-07-14 深圳市宇道机电技术有限公司 一种换刀加工装置
CN113427266B (zh) * 2021-08-09 2022-08-05 深圳市久久犇自动化设备股份有限公司 一种加工中心及其工作方法
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