WO2020119394A1 - 一种水合物沉积物ct三轴试验装置 - Google Patents
一种水合物沉积物ct三轴试验装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020119394A1 WO2020119394A1 PCT/CN2019/119107 CN2019119107W WO2020119394A1 WO 2020119394 A1 WO2020119394 A1 WO 2020119394A1 CN 2019119107 W CN2019119107 W CN 2019119107W WO 2020119394 A1 WO2020119394 A1 WO 2020119394A1
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- hydrate
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
- G01N23/046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
Definitions
- the invention relates to a CT triaxial test device for hydrate deposits, which belongs to the field of geophysical engineering physical property measurement.
- Hydrate sediment is a metastable structure with complex mechanical behavior characteristics, and its mining process often involves microstructure changes such as hydrate phase transition, particle migration and cementation structure destruction.
- the mechanism analysis is to clarify the formation mechanism of geological disasters such as formation subsidence and submarine landslide induced by decomposition of natural gas hydrate.
- Triaxial instrument is a commonly used geotechnical testing instrument that simulates the stress state of the formation.
- the existing natural gas hydrate triaxial instrument needs to meet the conditions of low temperature and high pressure, and its volume and weight are generally large. At the same time, it has poor X-ray penetration performance and inconvenient rotation scanning.
- the organic combination of visualization devices such as the inspeXio SMX-255CT stage has a weight limit of 9kg and a sample height of ⁇ 30cm, which makes it impossible to observe the microstructure changes of the hydrate sediment deformation process.
- the temperature of the sample is controlled by injecting pre-cooled hydraulic oil, when the test time For a long time, the temperature of the hydraulic oil is greatly affected by the environment, which may cause the decomposition of hydrates and ultimately affect the accuracy of the test data; 3.
- the pressure chamber of the device is designed in an integrated manner, and the features and functions of the structural design of each part are not fully considered. If high-strength, low-density aluminum alloy material is used for the upper part of the pressure chamber, and engineering plastics with better penetration performance are used for the pressure chamber wall, a better CT imaging effect can be obtained.
- Figure 1 compares the CT scan of the sediment obtained by applying the present invention with the CT scan of the sediment obtained by the invention "a test device for visualizing the mechanical properties of natural gas hydrate deposits" 201410357319.X, and it can be found that the CT imaging quality has been compared. Great promotion.
- the invention provides a CT triaxial test device for hydrate deposits.
- the best CT imaging effect is obtained, which provides a mechanism for proving the deformation mechanism of the reservoir during the decomposition process of hydrates.
- a CT triaxial test device for hydrate deposits including a water bath jacket 1, a pressure chamber 2, a coolant channel 3, a top cone 4, an upper indenter 5, an upper permeable stone 6, a lower permeable stone 7, and a sediment sample 8.
- the water bath jacket 1 is covered above the pressure chamber 2 and is fixed to the upper surface of the pressure chamber 2 by bolts.
- An O-ring is used for sealing between the water bath jacket 1 and the pressure chamber 2.
- the upper part of the water bath jacket 1 is provided with a cooling liquid Channel 3; the water bath jacket 1 uses a material with good thermal insulation performance to reduce the heat loss of the cooling liquid.
- the water bath jacket 1 avoids the X-ray scanning area, reduces the X-ray attenuation during the experiment, ensures the temperature control effect of the cooling liquid, and does not affect the CT imaging quality.
- the pressure chamber 2 is composed of two materials, and the whole is divided into three parts. The three parts are sealed with O-rings and bolts are tightened.
- the upper and lower parts are made of aluminum alloy with good thermal conductivity, high strength and low density.
- the middle part adopts engineering plastics with poor thermal conductivity, high strength and good X-ray penetration performance; on the one hand, the middle part adopts engineering plastics, which not only improves the X-ray penetration performance of the pressure chamber, but also reduces the heat loss of the pressure chamber and improves the control Temperature accuracy.
- the upper part of the pressure chamber is made of aluminum alloy, and the inner side is processed with spiral ribs to meet the strength of the pressure chamber, while ensuring the heat transfer efficiency between the coolant and the inside of the pressure chamber, and maintaining the temperature stability in the pressure chamber.
- the top of the pressure chamber 2 is equipped with a top cone 4, the top cone 4 is processed with threads, and can be installed in cooperation with the pressure chamber 2; in order to enhance the stability of the top cone 4, a top cone 4 is installed on the top of the top cone 4 Bolts with the same diameter; the top cone 4 is in contact with the upper indenter 5.
- the lower part of the upper indenter 5 is an upper permeable stone 6, a sediment sample 8, a lower permeable stone 7, and a lower indenter 10; the lower half of the upper indenter 5, the upper permeable stone 6, and the sediment sample 8, The lower permeable stone 7 and the upper half of the lower indenter 10 are covered with a rubber film 9.
- the lower pressure head 10 and the loading piston 11 are fixedly connected with threads.
- the loading piston 11 moves up and down in the hydraulic oil cylinder 18 and is sealed by a sealing ring.
- the lower part of the pressure chamber 2 is in contact with the flange 12 and is sealed with an O-ring, which is fastened with bolts;
- the flange 12 contains four channels: channel B13, channel C14, channel D15 and channel E16, They are thermocouple 17 channel, confining pressure control channel, pore pressure control channel and back pressure control channel.
- a thermocouple 17 is installed at the exit of the channel B13 inside the main body of the triaxial instrument, and the channels D15 and E16 are respectively connected to the lower pressure head 10 and the upper pressure head 5 through flexible pressure-resistant nylon pipes.
- An O-ring is used for sealing between the flange 12 and the hydraulic cylinder 18, and the bolts are tightened.
- the side of the hydraulic cylinder 18 is fixed with an axial displacement sensor 19; the lower part of the side of the hydraulic cylinder 18 contains a channel F20, which is used to inject hydraulic oil to control the axial loading.
- a baffle 21 is installed at the bottom of the loading piston 11, the baffle 21 and the loading piston 11 are connected by bolts, the baffle 21 and the axial displacement sensor 19 are in contact with each other, and real-time feedback of the axial displacement is realized.
- the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder 18 is fixed with a bottom fixing bracket 22, and the hydraulic cylinder 18 and the bottom fixing bracket 22 are connected by bolts for the rotation of the hydrate CT triaxial test device on the micro-focus CT stage.
- the axial loading mechanism composed of the loading piston 11, the flange 12 and the hydraulic oil cylinder 18 is located below the hydrate triaxial apparatus, which reduces the center of gravity of the entire apparatus and enhances the hydrate deposit CT triaxial apparatus Stability during CT scanning.
- the hydrate sediment CT triaxial apparatus test device On the premise of satisfying the organic combination of the hydrate triaxial apparatus and the X-ray CT system, the hydrate sediment CT triaxial apparatus test device has been redesigned and optimized to improve the stability and hydration of the triaxial apparatus's scanning rotation process The temperature control accuracy of the material sample and the X-ray penetration performance of the triaxial pressure chamber have obtained the best CT imaging effect.
- the pressure chamber 2 is composed of two materials.
- the upper and lower parts are made of aluminum alloy with good thermal conductivity, high strength and low density, and the middle part is made of engineering plastic with poor thermal conductivity, high strength and good X-ray penetration performance.
- it not only improves the X-ray penetration performance of the pressure chamber, but also reduces the heat loss of the pressure chamber and improves the temperature control accuracy.
- spiral ribs are processed inside the aluminum alloy material on the upper part of the pressure chamber 2 to meet the strength of the pressure chamber while ensuring the heat transfer efficiency between the coolant and the inside of the pressure chamber and maintaining a stable temperature in the pressure chamber.
- the water bath jacket 1 uses materials with good thermal insulation properties to reduce the heat loss of the coolant. At the same time, the water bath jacket 1 avoids the X-ray scanning area, reduces the X-ray attenuation during the experiment, and ensures the temperature control effect of the cooling liquid while not affecting the CT imaging quality.
- the axial loading mechanism composed of loading piston 11, flange 12 and hydraulic cylinder 18 is under the triaxial test device, which reduces the center of gravity of the entire device and enhances the hydrate deposit CT triaxial device. Stability during CT scanning.
- FIG. 1 is a CT scan of a deposit, (a) a CT scan of a deposit obtained by applying the present invention; (b) a CT scan of a deposit obtained by the invention of 2014.
- Figure 2 is a structural diagram of a CT triaxial test device for hydrate deposits.
- Figure 3 is a system diagram of a CT triaxial test device for hydrate deposits.
- Figure 4 is the stress-strain curve of the hydrate sediment sample.
- Figure 5 is the overall CT scan image of the specimen under various strains, (a) axial strain: 0%; (b) axial strain: 2%; (c) axial strain: 4%; (d) axial Strain: 7%.
- Figure 6 is the middle of the CT scan image of the specimen under various strains, (a) axial strain: 0%; (b) axial strain: 2%; (c) axial strain: 4%; (d) axial Strain: 7%.
- Figure 7 is a comparison chart of the 0% and 2% strains of the cemented structure failure, (a) axial strain: 0%; (b) axial strain: 2%.
- Fig. 8 is a comparison chart of the 0% and 4% strains of the cement structure failure, (a) axial strain: 0%; (b) axial strain: 4%.
- Fig. 9 is a comparison chart of 0% and 7% strains of the cement structure failure, (a) axial strain: 0%; (b) axial strain: 7%.
- Fig. 10 is an identification diagram of a shear band inside a sample.
- a cooling pipe A3 of a hydrate deposit CT triaxial test device 37 and a water bath 33 are connected by a flexible pipe to realize temperature control of the pressure chamber 2; a hydrate deposit CT triaxial
- the channel C14 of the test device 37 is connected to the high-precision pressure volume controller 25 and the nitrogen gas source 26 through the needle valves 29a, 29b and 29c using flexible pressure-resistant pipelines to realize the confining pressure control of the sediment sample 8;
- the channel D15 of the hydrate deposit CT triaxial test device 37 is connected to the high-precision pressure volume controller 23, the xenon gas source 27 and the nitrogen gas source 28 using flexible pressure pipes through needle valves 29e and 29h, respectively, to achieve deposition
- the pore pressure of sample 8 is controlled.
- the xenon gas source 27 provides the deposit sample 8 with the gas supply required for the in-situ generation of hydrates.
- the nitrogen gas source 28 is mainly used for pipeline leak detection.
- a channel D16 of a hydrate sediment CT triaxial test device 37 is connected to the back pressure valve 30, the gas-water separator 31, and the gas flow meter 32 through a needle valve 29d using a flexible pressure-resistant pipeline to realize the sediment test Sample 8 back pressure control.
- the gas flow meter 32 is used to calculate the hydrate saturation change of the sediment sample 8 in the decomposition experiment.
- a channel F20 of a hydrate deposit CT triaxial test device 37 is connected to a high-precision pressure volume controller 24 through a needle valve 29f using a flexible pressure-resistant pipeline to achieve axial loading.
- thermocouple 17 a high-precision pressure volume controller 23, a high-precision pressure volume controller 24, a high-precision pressure volume controller 24, a high-precision pressure volume controller 25, an axial displacement sensor 19.
- the water bath 33 is connected to the data collector 36 to realize the data collection of a hydrate deposit CT triaxial test device 37 during the experiment.
- Sample preparation According to the required sample porosity and hydrate saturation, a certain amount of ice powder and sand are mixed evenly in the cold storage at -15 °C, and 15 layers are used in the sample cylinder After compaction, a cylindrical sample of the ice/sand mixture is prepared. After freezing for 6 hours, the sample cylinder is removed and the sample is taken out.
- the xenon gas source 27 is opened, and the xenon gas is injected into the high-precision pressure volume controller 23 and the sediment sample 8 through the needle valve 29h and the needle valve 29e, respectively, and closed when the pressure of the high-precision pressure volume controller 23 rises to 0.1 MPa.
- Xenon gas source 27 Adjust the high-precision pressure volume controller 25 and the high-precision pressure volume controller 23 to control the increase rate of confining pressure and pore pressure at the same rate, and keep the confining pressure 0.1MPa higher than the pore pressure until the confining pressure and pore pressure reach 0.7 respectively MPa and 0.6MPa. Adjust the high-precision pressure volume controller 25 and the high-precision pressure volume controller 23 to enter the constant pressure mode.
- the water bath 33 was turned on, and the nitrogen temperature in the pressure chamber 2 was adjusted to 18 °C, so that the ice in the sediment sample 8 melted.
- the temperature of the nitrogen in the pressure chamber 2 is obtained by the thermocouple 17.
- In-situ generation of hydrate adjust the water bath 33, adjust the nitrogen temperature in the pressure chamber 2 to 7°C, and make the temperature of the sediment sample 8 lower than the equilibrium temperature of the hydrate phase.
- the gas volume in the high-precision pressure volume controller 23 does not change significantly, it indicates that the water in the pores of the sediment sample 8 has completely reacted with xenon gas to generate xenon hydrate, according to the volume change of the xenon gas in the high-precision pressure volume controller 23 To calculate the hydrate saturation.
- Sample shear Set and maintain the flow rate of hydraulic oil injection in the high-precision pressure volume controller 24 according to the shear rate required by the experiment to push the loading piston 11 to shear the sediment sample 8
- the pressure change of the high-precision pressure volume controller 24 and the displacement change amount of the axial displacement sensor 19 during the shearing process are collected to obtain the stress-strain curve of the sediment sample 8 during the shearing process.
- the axial loading is suspended to prevent CT image ghosting.
- the stress-strain curve obtained according to the above steps is shown in Fig. 4 and can be divided into three stages: the first stage, the linear stage axial strain: 0%-2%, in this stage the bias stress almost follows the axial direction The strain increases linearly, and the specimen as a whole exhibits elastic characteristics; the axial strain in the plastic stage: 2%-4%, during which the partial stress gradually decreases with the growth rate of the axial strain; the axial strain in the yield stage: 4% -10%, the bias stress hardly changes with the increase of axial strain at this stage.
- Figures 5 and 6 show the CT scan images of the whole and middle part of the sediment sample 8 when the strain is 0%, 2%, 4% and 7%, respectively.
- the white part is hydrate
- the gray part is sand particles
- the black part For pores.
- Fig. 7 it can be found from Fig. 7 that in the linear stage, the axial strain: 0%-2%, the cemented structure in the sediment sample 8 has not been significantly damaged; as the axial strain continues to increase, the sediment sample 8 enters plasticity Axial strain at stage: 2%-4%. From Fig. 8, it can be seen that the hydrate has obvious peeling and peeling behavior. When entering the axial strain at the yield stage: 4%-10%, it can be seen from Fig. 9 that the hydrate inside the sediment sample 8 has undergone significant large-scale crushing failure.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (3)
- 一种水合物沉积物CT三轴试验装置,其特征在于,所述的水合物沉积物CT三轴试验装置包括水浴夹套(1)、压力室(2)、冷却液通道(3)、顶锥(4)、上压头(5)、上透水石(6)、下透水石(7)、沉积物试样(8)、橡皮膜(9)、下压头(10)、加载活塞(11)、法兰盘(12)、热电偶(17)、液压油缸(18)、轴向位移传感器(19)、挡板(21)和底部固定支架(22);所述的水浴夹套(1)罩在压力室(2)上方,并通过螺栓与压力室(2)上表面固定,水浴夹套(1)与压力室(2)之间使用O型圈密封,水浴夹套(1)上部设有冷却液通道(3);所述的压力室(2)由两种材料组成,整体分为三部分,三部分之间采用O型圈密封,螺栓固紧;上部和下部采用铝合金材料,中部采用工程塑料;所述的压力室(2)上部安装有顶锥(4),顶锥(4)杆加工有螺纹,与压力室(2)相互配合安装;顶锥(4)与上压头(5)接触;所述的上压头(5)下部依次为上透水石(6)、沉积物试样(8)、下透水石(7)和下压头(10);上压头(5)下半部分、上透水石(6)、沉积物试样(8)、下透水石(7)和下压头(10)上半部分包裹有橡皮膜(9);所述的下压头(10)与加载活塞(11)使用螺纹固定连接;所述的加载活塞(11)在液压油缸(18)中上下移动,并采用密封圈密封;所述的压力室(2)下部与法兰盘(12)接触,并通过O型圈密封,螺栓固紧;所述的法兰盘(12)内部含有四个通道:通道B(13)、通道C(14)、通道D(15)和通道E(16),分别为热电偶(17)通道、围压控制通道、孔隙压力控制通道以及背压控制通道;其中,在三轴仪主机内部,在通道B(13)的出口处安装有热电偶(17),通道D(15)和通道E(16)分别通过柔性耐压尼龙管路与下压头(10)和上压头(5)连接;所述的法兰盘(12)与液压油缸(18)之间使用O型圈密封,螺栓固紧;所述的液压油缸(18)侧面固定有轴向位移传感器(19);液压油缸(18)侧面下部含有通道F(20),用于注入液压油控制轴向加载;所述的加载活塞(11)底部安装有挡板(21),挡板(21)与加载活塞(11)之间采用螺栓连接,挡板(21)与轴向位移传感器(19)相互接触,实现轴向位移实时反馈;所述的液压油缸(18)下部固定有底部固定支架(22),液压油缸(18)和底部固定支架(22)之间采用螺栓连接,用于水合物CT三轴仪试验装置在微焦点CT载物台上的旋转;所述的加载活塞(11)、法兰盘(12)与液压油缸(18)构成的轴向加载机构,整体处于水合物三轴仪装置下方,降低了整个装置的重心,增强了水合物沉积物CT三轴仪装置在CT扫描过程中的稳定性。
- 根据权利要求1所述的水合物沉积物CT三轴试验装置,其特征在于,为了加强顶锥(4)的稳定性,在顶锥(4)上部安装有与顶锥(4)杆相同直径的螺栓。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的水合物沉积物CT三轴试验装置,其特征在于,所述的水浴夹套(1)采用隔热性能好的材料,且所述压力室(2)上部铝合金材料内侧加工有螺旋式肋板,以减少冷却液热损失并提高换热效率。
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2019399653A AU2019399653B2 (en) | 2018-12-11 | 2019-11-18 | CT triaxial test device for hydrate sediments |
| US16/968,818 US11215569B2 (en) | 2018-12-11 | 2019-11-18 | CT triaxial test apparatus for hydrate-bearing sediment |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811509193.8A CN109668916B (zh) | 2018-12-11 | 2018-12-11 | 一种水合物沉积物ct三轴试验装置 |
| CN201811509193.8 | 2018-12-11 |
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| US (1) | US11215569B2 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN109668916B (zh) |
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| WO (1) | WO2020119394A1 (zh) |
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| AU2019399653B2 (en) | 2021-02-04 |
| CN109668916B (zh) | 2021-02-19 |
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| US11215569B2 (en) | 2022-01-04 |
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