WO2020113911A1 - 一种超低磷钢生产过程中的排渣方法以及超低磷钢的生产方法 - Google Patents

一种超低磷钢生产过程中的排渣方法以及超低磷钢的生产方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020113911A1
WO2020113911A1 PCT/CN2019/088064 CN2019088064W WO2020113911A1 WO 2020113911 A1 WO2020113911 A1 WO 2020113911A1 CN 2019088064 W CN2019088064 W CN 2019088064W WO 2020113911 A1 WO2020113911 A1 WO 2020113911A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steel
ladle
slag
phosphorus
blowing
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PCT/CN2019/088064
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱书成
赵湖
许少普
李忠波
李红阳
杨阳
唐郑磊
张涛
刘庆波
张占杰
袁继恒
于飒
康文举
陈熙
张帅
李博
杜志泉
赵迪
李亮
蒋鹏
薛艳生
符可义
王英杰
袁永旗
董真真
庞百鸣
郑海明
陈良
全微波
朱先兴
袁高俭
杨春
王勇
白艺博
李嘎子
吕玉良
王希彬
任义
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南阳汉冶特钢有限公司
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Application filed by 南阳汉冶特钢有限公司 filed Critical 南阳汉冶特钢有限公司
Priority to JP2020502126A priority Critical patent/JP6945055B2/ja
Priority to DE112019000054.3T priority patent/DE112019000054T5/de
Priority to RU2020105196A priority patent/RU2761852C1/ru
Priority to US16/635,174 priority patent/US11718885B2/en
Priority to BR112020001127-4A priority patent/BR112020001127B1/pt
Priority to UAA202001033A priority patent/UA126159C2/uk
Priority to KR1020207000483A priority patent/KR102280717B1/ko
Publication of WO2020113911A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020113911A1/zh

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0087—Treatment of slags covering the steel bath, e.g. for separating slag from the molten metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5211—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace
    • C21C5/5217—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace equipped with burners or devices for injecting gas, i.e. oxygen, or pulverulent materials into the furnace
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0025—Adding carbon material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0037—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 by injecting powdered material
    • C21C7/0043—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 by injecting powdered material into the falling stream of molten metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0075—Treating in a ladle furnace, e.g. up-/reheating of molten steel within the ladle
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/072—Treatment with gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
    • C21C7/0645—Agents used for dephosphorising or desulfurising

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of iron and steel smelting, and in particular, to a slag discharge method in the production process of ultra-low phosphorus steel and a production method of ultra-low phosphorus steel.
  • Phosphorus is soluble in ferrite in steel, and the stable forms of phosphorus in molten steel are Fe 2 P and Fe 3 P.
  • the crystallization process is easy to segregate; phosphorus can significantly reduce the toughness of steel, especially tempering toughness and low temperature Impact toughness, that is to improve the cold brittleness of steel. Therefore, some steel types have higher requirements for phosphorus content, such as deep drawing steel, surface hardening steel for automobiles, ultra-low carbon steel, high-grade pipeline steel, etc.
  • the dephosphorization effect is usually: 1. The dephosphorization level of hot metal pretreatment dephosphorization is 0.01-0.02%; 2. The dephosphorization level of converter double dephosphorization is less than 0.01%; 3. The dephosphorization level outside the molten steel furnace is less than 0.01%.
  • the production process of low-phosphorus steel is usually dephosphorization of hot metal pretreatment, double dephosphorization of converter, and dephosphorization outside the molten steel furnace.
  • the dephosphorization effect of the production process in the prior art is generally low.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure includes, for example, to provide a slag discharge method in the production process of ultra-low phosphorous steel, which is simple and convenient to operate, requires less equipment, and has a good dephosphorization effect.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure also includes, for example, providing a method for producing ultra-low phosphorus steel, which has low production cost, good dephosphorization effect, and can efficiently produce ultra-low phosphorus steel with W(P) ⁇ 0.003%.
  • the objective of the present disclosure also includes, for example, providing an ultra-low phosphorus steel that is slag-depleted by the slag discharging method in the production process of the ultra-low-phosphorus steel described in the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure provides a slag discharge method in the production process of ultra-low phosphorus steel, which includes:
  • the carbon-containing reducing agent is added to foam the alkaline slag and overflow from the ladle opening.
  • the present disclosure also provides a method for producing ultra-low phosphorous steel, which includes the above-mentioned slag discharge method in the production process of ultra-low phosphorous steel, and refining and ingot casting after slag discharge.
  • the present disclosure also provides an ultra-low phosphorus steel, which is slag discharged through the slag discharging method in the production process of the ultra-low phosphorus steel described in the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure provides a slag discharge method in the production process of ultra-low phosphorous steel, which first mixes molten steel with lime and alkaline slag; then blows with oxygen to increase the oxidizability of the alkaline slag; and finally adds a carbon-containing reducing agent
  • phosphate is captured, so that the alkaline slag is quickly foamed, and overflows from the ladle mouth, so that the phosphorus no longer has the conditions to return phosphorus to molten steel.
  • the operation of the slag discharge method is simple and convenient, the requirements on the equipment are not high, and it has a good dephosphorization effect. It can be used to prepare ultra-low phosphorus steel containing phosphorus ⁇ 0.003%.
  • the present disclosure also provides a method for producing ultra-low phosphorous steel, which includes the above-mentioned slag discharge method in the production process of ultra-low phosphorous steel, and refining and ingot casting after slag discharge.
  • the production method has good dephosphorization effect and low production cost, and can efficiently produce ultra-low phosphorus steel containing phosphorus less than 0.003%.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a slag discharge method in the production process of ultra-low phosphorus steel, which includes:
  • the added amount of lime is 0.5 to 3 kg/t; preferably, the added amount of lime is 0.7 to 1 kg/t.
  • the addition of lime can promote premature slag on the one hand, and turn the slag into alkaline slag on the other hand, enhancing the absorption of phosphorus.
  • the existing slag before pouring the molten steel in the converter or intermediate frequency furnace into the ladle, the existing slag can be skimmed off or the slag can be stowed in the converter or intermediate frequency furnace by the slag blocking method. It is to remove the phosphorus-containing slag first to reduce the workload of subsequent slag discharge.
  • the slag discharge method provided in the ultra-low phosphorus steel production process provided by the present disclosure further includes:
  • the ladle can be hoisted to the ladle blowing station with the overturning function, and then the consumable coated oxygen blowing pipe is used for the top oxygen blowing operation.
  • the oxygen supply intensity for blowing oxygen on the top of the ladle is 50-300 NL/(min ⁇ t) and the pressure is 0.5-2.0 MPa; preferably, the oxygen supply intensity is 100-150 NL/(min ⁇ t) and the pressure is 0.8 ⁇ 1.2MPa.
  • Blowing oxygen to the top of the ladle can turn the molten steel environment into an oxidizing environment, causing the phosphorus to be oxidized and entering the alkaline slag, producing 4CaO*P 2 O 5 calcium phosphate salt.
  • the pressure of argon blowing on the bottom of the ladle is 0.3 to 0.8 MPa; preferably, the pressure is 0.4 to 0.6 MPa. Blowing argon gas at the bottom of the ladle can increase the agitation of the molten steel, prompting the faster oxidation of phosphorus and entering the alkaline slag.
  • the viscosity of the alkaline slag can be adjusted by adding fluorite, so that the alkaline slag can better adsorb phosphorus and be more conducive to subsequent treatment.
  • the amount of fluorite added is 0.5 to 3 kg/t based on the mass of molten steel; preferably, the amount of fluorite added is 1 to 1.5 kg/t.
  • the addition of fluorite is carried out 2 minutes after the start of oxygen and argon blowing. At this time, phosphorus has begun to oxidize and combine with the alkaline slag, and the effect of adding fluorite is better.
  • the duration of blowing is 10 to 30 minutes.
  • the FeO content in the alkaline slag is 10% to 30%; preferably, the duration of blowing is 15 to 20 minutes.
  • the FeO content in the alkaline slag is 15%-20%.
  • a slag discharge method provided in an ultra-low phosphorus steel production process provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure further includes:
  • the tilt of the ladle is to facilitate the smooth discharge of the alkaline slag after foaming.
  • the distance between the molten steel surface and the ladle opening is appropriate. If the distance is too far, the discharge of the alkaline slag will not be complete, and there will be alkaline slag residue. However, if the distance between the molten steel surface and the ladle opening is too close, it will cause the loss of molten steel during the slagging process and affect the output.
  • the ladle is tilted so that the molten steel surface is 50-200 mm below the ladle opening; more preferably, the molten steel surface is 80-120 mm below the ladle opening.
  • the inclination angle of the ladle is 10 to 35 degrees; preferably, the inclination angle of the ladle is 20 to 30 degrees.
  • the ladle is inclined toward the ladle opening, which is conducive to the violent generation of foamed slag. The slag only overflows from the ladle opening, and the overflow is not controlled everywhere. It is worth noting that the tilt angle of the ladle should not be too large to avoid safety accidents caused by molten steel overflow.
  • the carbon-containing reducing agent includes at least one of calcium carbide and a carburizing agent.
  • the particle size of calcium carbide is 5-20 mm. Based on the mass of molten steel, the amount of calcium carbide added is 0.3-0.7 kg/t; preferably, the amount of calcium carbide added is 0.5- 0.6kg/t.
  • the particle size of the carburizing agent is 0.5 to 1 mm.
  • the amount of carburizing agent added is 0.2 to 0.5 kg/t; preferably, the carburizing agent is activated carbon
  • the amount of activated carbon added is 0.3 ⁇ 0.4kg/t.
  • the carbon-containing reducing agent can react with FeO in the alkaline slag, instantaneously generate a large amount of CO gas microbubbles, and the large amount of CO gas microbubbles causes the slag to generate a violent foaming reaction instantaneously, and it quickly overflows from the ladle mouth to achieve the slag discharge. purpose.
  • the vapors of low-melting metals that are harmful to steel, such as metals such as zinc, lead, and tin, are easily taken out by CO gas, purifying the molten steel, and significantly improving the strength and toughness of high-grade steel.
  • the CO surface is further oxidized to CO 2 after the liquid surface, to avoid air pollution and personal injury to the operator.
  • the present disclosure also provides a method for producing ultra-low phosphorus steel, which includes the above-mentioned slag discharge method in the production process of the ultra-low phosphorus steel, and refining and ingot casting after slag discharge.
  • the ladle is turned from tilt to return, and aluminum is added to the molten steel, maintaining argon blowing and stirring for 2 to 4 minutes to complete the deoxidation refining, which can be cast into a steel ingot or continuous casting billet after the refining is completed.
  • the amount of aluminum added is 0.2-0.4 kg/t.
  • the present disclosure also provides an ultra-low phosphorous steel, which performs slag evacuation via the above-described slag evacuation method in the production process of the ultra-low phosphorous steel.
  • the phosphorus content of the ultra-low phosphorus steel is ⁇ 0.003%.
  • This embodiment provides a method for producing ultra-low phosphorous steel.
  • the specific preparation steps are as follows:
  • the molten steel smelted in the converter or intermediate frequency furnace is poured into the ladle after skimming the slag. While the molten steel is poured into the ladle, 0.8kg/t lime is added along with the steel flow to advance the slag and make alkaline slag.
  • the tilt angle is 20°
  • the steel surface is 100 mm below the ladle opening
  • the argon pressure is adjusted to 0.5 MPa
  • the oxygen content is 130 NL/(min ⁇ t) to increase the steel slag mixing intensity.
  • the phosphorus content is 0.0015% to 0.0018%.
  • This embodiment provides a method for producing ultra-low phosphorous steel.
  • the specific preparation steps are as follows:
  • the phosphorus content is 0.0017% to 0.0020%.
  • This embodiment provides a method for producing ultra-low phosphorous steel.
  • the specific preparation steps are as follows:
  • the phosphorus content is 0.0023% to 0.0026%.
  • This embodiment provides a method for producing ultra-low phosphorous steel.
  • the specific preparation steps are as follows:
  • the slag discharge rate is greater than 95% .
  • the phosphorus content is 0.0025% to 0.0028%.
  • the present disclosure provides a slag discharge method in the production process of ultra-low phosphorous steel, which first mixes molten steel and lime, and alkaline slag; then blows with oxygen to increase the oxidizability of the alkaline slag; and finally Adding carbon-containing reducing agent, during the process of carbon oxidation and releasing a large amount of carbon monoxide gas, phosphate is captured, so that the alkaline slag is quickly foamed, and overflows from the ladle mouth, so that phosphorus no longer has the ability to return phosphorus to molten steel conditions of.
  • the operation of the slag discharge method is simple and convenient, the requirements on the equipment are not high, and it has a good dephosphorization effect. It can be used to prepare ultra-low phosphorus steel containing phosphorus ⁇ 0.003%.
  • the present disclosure also provides a method for producing ultra-low phosphorous steel, which includes the above-mentioned slag discharge method in the production process of ultra-low phosphorous steel, and refining and ingot casting after slag discharge.
  • the production method has good dephosphorization effect and low production cost, and can efficiently produce ultra-low phosphorus steel containing phosphorus less than 0.003%.
  • the present disclosure provides a slag discharge method in the production process of ultra-low phosphorous steel, which first mixes molten steel with lime and alkaline slag; then blows with oxygen to increase the oxidizability of the alkaline slag; and finally adds a carbon-containing reducing agent
  • phosphate is captured, so that the alkaline slag is quickly foamed, and overflows from the ladle mouth, so that the phosphorus no longer has the conditions to return phosphorus to molten steel.
  • the operation of the slag discharge method is simple and convenient, the requirements on the equipment are not high, and it has a good dephosphorization effect. It can be used to prepare ultra-low phosphorus steel containing phosphorus ⁇ 0.003%.

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Abstract

一种超低磷钢生产过程中的排渣方法，涉及钢铁冶炼技术领域，其先将钢水与石灰混合，碱性渣；再用氧气吹炼，增加碱性渣的氧化性；最后加入含碳还原剂，在碳被氧化，释放出大量的一氧化碳气体过程中，磷酸盐被捕捉，使碱性渣被迅速泡沫化，并由钢包口溢出，使磷不再具备向钢水中回磷的条件。该排渣方法的操作简单方便，对设备要求不高，并且具有较好的脱磷效果，可用于制备含磷<0.003％超低磷钢。一种超低磷钢的生产方法，其包括上述超低磷钢生产过程中的排渣方法，以及排渣后的精炼和铸锭。该生产方法的脱磷效果好，生产成本低，可以高效生产含磷<0.003％的超低磷钢。

Description

一种超低磷钢生产过程中的排渣方法以及超低磷钢的生产方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2018年12月3日提交中国国家知识产权局的申请号为2018114635554、名称为“一种超低磷钢生产过程中的排渣方法以及超低磷钢的生产方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及钢铁冶炼技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种超低磷钢生产过程中的排渣方法以及超低磷钢的生产方法。
背景技术
磷在钢中是溶于铁素体中，磷在钢液中的稳定存在形式是Fe 2P、Fe 3P，结晶过程易偏析；磷能显著降低钢的韧性，尤其是回火韧性和低温冲击韧性，即提高钢的冷脆性。所以，有些钢种对磷含量有较高要求，如深冲钢、汽车用表面硬化钢、超低碳钢、高级别管线钢等。
脱磷的方法通常有三种：1、铁水预处理脱磷；2、转炉双联脱磷；3、钢水炉外脱磷。脱磷效果通常是：1、铁水预处理脱磷的脱磷水平为0.01-0.02％；2、转炉双联脱磷的脱磷水平为小于0.01％；3、钢水炉外脱磷的水平为小于0.01％。低磷钢的生产工艺通常也是铁水预处理脱磷、转炉双联脱磷、钢水炉外脱磷。然而现有技术中生产工艺，其脱磷效果普遍偏低，脱磷后钢水中磷含量W(P)>0.005％，难以达到W(P)≦0.003％的效果，达不到高级钢对脱 磷的要求水平，若要达到高级脱磷用钢，则需增加巨大金额的设备投资，增加吨钢铁耗，或吨钢电耗，增加较大的生产成本。
发明内容
本公开的目的包括，例如提供一种超低磷钢生产过程中的排渣方法，其操作简单方便，对设备要求不高，并且具有较好的脱磷效果。
本公开的目的还包括，例如提供一种超低磷钢的生产方法，其生产成本低，脱磷效果好，可以高效生产W(P)≦0.003％的超低磷钢。
本公开的目的还包括，例如提供一种超低磷钢，该超低磷钢经本公开所述的超低磷钢生产过程中的排渣方法进行排渣。
本公开提供了一种超低磷钢生产过程中的排渣方法，其包括：
将钢水倒入钢包的同时，随钢水加入石灰，以提前化渣并形成碱性渣；
在钢包顶部吹氧，底部吹氩以进行吹炼；
将钢包倾斜，使钢水面接近钢包口；
加入含碳还原剂，使碱性渣泡沫化，并由钢包口溢出。
本公开还提供了一种超低磷钢的生产方法，其包括上述超低磷钢生产过程中的排渣方法，以及排渣后的精炼和铸锭。
本公开还提供了一种超低磷钢，其经本公开所述的超低磷钢生产过程中的排渣方法进行排渣。
有益效果是：
本公开提供了一种超低磷钢生产过程中的排渣方法，其先将钢水与石灰混合，碱性渣；再用氧气吹炼，增加碱性渣的氧化性；最后加入含碳还原剂，在碳被氧化，释放出大量的一氧化碳气体过程中，磷酸盐被捕捉，使碱性渣被迅 速泡沫化，并由钢包口溢出，使磷不再具备向钢水中回磷的条件。该排渣方法的操作简单方便，对设备要求不高，并且具有较好的脱磷效果，可用于制备含磷<0.003％超低磷钢。
本公开还提供了一种超低磷钢的生产方法，其包括上述超低磷钢生产过程中的排渣方法，以及排渣后的精炼和铸锭。该生产方法的脱磷效果好，生产成本低，可以高效生产含磷<0.003％的超低磷钢。
具体实施方式
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
下面对本公开实施例的一种超低磷钢生产过程中的排渣方法以及超低磷钢的生产方法进行具体说明。
本公开实施例提供了一种超低磷钢生产过程中的排渣方法，其包括：
S1.将钢水倒入钢包的同时，随钢水加入石灰，以提前化渣并形成碱性渣。
其中，以钢水的质量计，石灰的添加量为0.5～3kg/t；优选地，石灰的添加量为0.7～1kg/t。石灰的加入一方面可以促进提前化渣，另一方面可以将炉渣变成碱性渣，增强对于磷的吸收。
在一种或多种实施方式中，在将转炉或中频炉中的钢水倒入钢包之前，可以先将已有的炉渣撇去或通过挡渣的方法将炉渣档在转炉或中频炉内，目的是将已经含磷的炉渣先行去除，减少后续排渣的工作量。
在一种或多种实施方式中，本公开所提供的一种超低磷钢生产过程中的排 渣方法，还包括：
S2.在钢包顶部吹氧，底部吹氩以进行吹炼。
为了方便后续的倾斜操作，可先将钢包吊至具有倾覆功能的钢包吹炼工位，再采取自耗式涂层吹氧管进行顶部吹氧操作。其中，对钢包的顶部进行吹氧的供氧强度为50～300NL/(min·t)，压力为0.5～2.0MPa；优选地，供氧强度为100～150NL/(min·t)，压力为0.8～1.2MPa。向钢包顶部吹氧可以将钢水环境变成氧化性环境，使磷被氧化而进入碱性渣中，生成4CaO*P 2O 5磷酸钙盐。
对钢包的底部进行吹氩的压力为0.3～0.8MPa；优选地，压力为0.4～0.6MPa。在钢包底部吹氩气可以增加钢水的搅拌，促使磷更快速的氧化并进入到碱性渣中。
可选地，在进行吹炼的过程中，可以通过加入萤石来调节碱性渣的粘稠度，让碱性渣更好的对磷进行吸附，更加利于后续处理。优选地，以钢水的质量计，萤石的添加量为0.5～3kg/t；优选地，萤石的添加量为1～1.5kg/t。优选地，萤石的添加在吹氧吹氩开始2min后进行，此时磷已经开始氧化并与碱性渣结合，添加萤石的效果更佳。
在一种或多种实施方式中，吹炼的时长为10～30min，经过吹炼之后，碱性渣中的FeO含量为10％～30％；优选地，吹炼的时长为15～20min，经过吹炼之后，碱性渣中的FeO含量为15％～20％。当碱性渣中的FeO含量在上述范围内时，即达到了氧化除磷的先决条件，可以进行下一步的除渣操作。
在一种或多种实施方式中，本公开实施例所提供的一种超低磷钢生产过程中的排渣方法，还包括：
S3.将钢包倾斜，使钢水面接近钢包口。
S4.加入含碳还原剂，使碱性渣泡沫化，并由钢包口溢出。
对钢包的倾斜是为了利于后续泡沫化后的碱性渣能够顺利排出，钢水面与钢包口的距离适宜，距离太远会导致碱性渣的排放不彻底，会有碱性渣残余。而钢水面与钢包口的距离太近则会在排渣过程中造成钢水的流失，影响产量。优选地，将钢包倾斜，使钢水面低于钢包口50～200mm；更为优选地，钢水面低于钢包口80～120mm。
此外，钢包的倾斜角度为10～35度；优选地，钢包的倾斜角度为20～30度。钢包朝向钢包口倾斜，有利于泡沫渣剧烈产生时，渣子只有从钢包口溢流，而不至于四处溢流不受控制。值得注意的是，钢包的倾斜角度也不宜过大，避免钢水溢流引发安全事故。
在一种或多种实施方式中，含碳还原剂包括碳化钙和增碳剂中的至少一种。当选择碳化钙作为含碳还原剂时，碳化钙的粒度为5～20mm，以钢水的质量计，碳化钙的加入量为0.3～0.7kg/t；优选地，碳化钙的加入量为0.5～0.6kg/t。当选择增碳剂作为含碳还原剂时，增碳剂的粒度为0.5～1mm，以钢水的质量计，增碳剂的加入量为0.2～0.5kg/t；优选地，增碳剂为活性炭，活性炭的加入量为0.3～0.4kg/t。含碳还原剂可以与碱性渣中的FeO反应，瞬时产生大量CO气体微泡，大量CO气体微泡使其炉渣瞬间产生剧烈泡沫化反应，并定向从钢包口快速溢出，从而达到排渣的目的。同时，如金属锌、铅、锡等对钢铁有危害作用的低熔点金属的蒸汽很容易被CO气体带出，净化了钢液，使高级钢强度及韧性有显著提高。此外，CO出液面后，进一步被氧化成CO 2，避免了对空气的污染以及对操作人员的人身损害。
在一种或多种实施方式中，本公开还提供了一种超低磷钢的生产方法，其包括上述超低磷钢生产过程中的排渣方法，以及排渣后的精炼和铸锭。
在完成排渣后，将钢包由倾斜转向复位，并向钢水中加入铝，保持吹氩搅 拌2～4min，以完成脱氧精炼，精炼完成后便可浇注成钢锭或连铸坯。优选地，铝的加入量为0.2～0.4kg/t。
在一种或多种实施方式中，本公开还提供了一种超低磷钢，其经由上述超低磷钢生产过程中的排渣方法进行排渣。
在一种或多种实施方式中，超低磷钢的含磷量<0.003％。
以下结合实施例对本公开的特征和性能作进一步的详细描述。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种超低磷钢的生产方法，其具体制备步骤如下：
S1.经转炉或中频炉冶炼后的钢水经撇渣后倒入钢水包内，在钢水倒入钢包的同时，随钢流加入0.8kg/t石灰，以提前化渣，并造碱性渣。
S2.将钢包吊至具有倾覆功能的钢包吹炼工位，采取自耗式涂层吹氧管进行顶部吹氧操作，供氧强度120NL/(min·t)，压力0.9MPa。同时，钢包底部吹氩进行搅拌，氩气压力0.45MPa。
S3.吹氧吹氩2min后，一次性加入1.2kg/t萤石球，作为化渣剂调节渣粘稠度，整体吹炼时间控制在18min，以钢包顶渣中FeO含量18％为宜。
S4.将钢包进行倾覆，视装钢量倾覆角度为20°，钢水面低于钢包口100mm，调氩气压力0.5MPa和氧气量130NL/(min·t)，加大钢渣搅拌强度。
S5.向钢包内加入CaC，加入量为0.56kg/t，使CaC与FeO迅速反应，瞬时产生大量CO气体微泡，大量CO气体微泡使其炉渣瞬间产生剧烈泡沫化反应，并定向从钢包口快速溢出，排渣率大于95％。
S6.磷排出后，停止钢包顶吹氧，将钢包由倾斜恢复到正位，然后再向钢液中加铝粒0.3kg/t，吹氩再持续3分钟，完成脱氧精炼。
S7.精炼完成后浇注钢锭或连铸坯。
经检测，本实施例制备得到的钢锭或连铸坯中，含磷量为0.0015％～0.0018％。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种超低磷钢的生产方法，其具体制备步骤如下：
S1.经转炉或中频炉冶炼后的钢水经撇渣后倒入钢水包内，在钢水倒入钢包的同时，随钢流加入1.0kg/t石灰，以提前化渣，并造碱性渣。
S2.将钢包吊至具有倾覆功能的钢包吹炼工位，采取自耗式涂层吹氧管进行顶部吹氧操作，供氧强度140NL/(min·t)，压力1.1MPa，钢包底部通氩进行吹氩操作，氩气压力0.5MPa。
S3.吹氧吹氩3min后，一次性加入1.4kg/t萤石球，作为化渣剂调节渣粘稠度，整体吹炼时间控制在20min，以钢包顶渣中FeO含量20％为宜。
S4.将钢包进行倾覆，视装钢量倾覆角度为25°，钢水面低于钢包口120mm。
S5.向钢包内加入0.4kg/t的活性炭，瞬时产生大量CO气体微泡，大量CO气体微泡使其炉渣瞬间产生剧烈泡沫化反应，并定向从钢包口快速溢出，排渣率大于95％。
S6.磷排出后，停止钢包顶吹氧，将钢包由倾斜恢复到正位，然后再向钢液中加铝粒0.3kg/t，吹氩再持续2.5min，完成脱氧精炼。
S7.精炼完成后浇注钢锭或连铸坯。
经检测，本实施例制备得到的钢锭或连铸坯中，含磷量为0.0017％～0.0020％。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种超低磷钢的生产方法，其具体制备步骤如下：
S1.经转炉或中频炉冶炼后的钢水经撇渣后倒入钢水包内，在钢水倒入钢包的同时，随钢流加入3.0kg/t石灰，以提前化渣，并造碱性渣。
S2.将钢包吊至具有倾覆功能的钢包吹炼工位，采取自耗式涂层吹氧管进行顶部吹氧操作，供氧强度300NL/(min·t)，压力2.0MPa，钢包底部通氩进行吹氩操作，氩气压力0.8MPa。
S3.吹氧吹氩3min后，一次性加入0.5kg/t萤石球，作为化渣剂调节渣粘稠度，整体吹炼时间控制在30min，以钢包顶渣中FeO含量28％为宜。
S4.将钢包进行倾覆，视装钢量倾覆角度为10°，钢水面低于钢包口200mm。
S5.向钢包内加入0.7kg/t的活性炭，瞬时产生大量CO气体微泡，大量CO气体微泡使其炉渣瞬间产生剧烈泡沫化反应，并定向从钢包口快速溢出，排渣率大于95％。
S6.磷排出后，停止钢包顶吹氧，将钢包由倾斜恢复到正位，然后再向钢液中加铝粒0.4kg/t，吹氩再持续4min，完成脱氧精炼。
S7.精炼完成后浇注钢锭或连铸坯。
经检测，本实施例制备得到的钢锭或连铸坯中，含磷量为0.0023％～0.0026％。
实施例4
本实施例提供了一种超低磷钢的生产方法，其具体制备步骤如下：
S1.经转炉或中频炉冶炼后的钢水经撇渣后倒入钢水包内，在钢水倒入钢包的同时，随钢流加入0.5kg/t石灰，以提前化渣，并造碱性渣。
S2.将钢包吊至具有倾覆功能的钢包吹炼工位，采取自耗式涂层吹氧管进行顶部吹氧操作，供氧强度50NL/(min·t)，压力0.5MPa，钢包底部通氩进 行吹氩操作，氩气压力0.3MPa。
S3.吹氧吹氩3min后，一次性加入3kg/t萤石球，作为化渣剂调节渣粘稠度，整体吹炼时间控制在10min，以钢包顶渣中FeO含量12％为宜。
S4.将钢包进行倾覆，视装钢量倾覆角度为35°，钢水面低于钢包口50mm。
S5.向钢包内加入0.3kg/t的活性炭，瞬时产生大量CO气体微泡，大量CO气体微泡使其炉渣瞬间产生剧烈泡沫化反应，并定向从钢包口快速溢出，排渣率大于95％。
S6.磷排出后，停止钢包顶吹氧，将钢包由倾斜恢复到正位，然后再向钢液中加铝粒0.2kg/t，吹氩再持续2min，完成脱氧精炼。
S7.精炼完成后浇注钢锭或连铸坯。
经检测，本实施例制备得到的钢锭或连铸坯中，含磷量为0.0025％～0.0028％。
综上所述，本公开提供了一种超低磷钢生产过程中的排渣方法，其先将钢水与石灰混合，碱性渣；再用氧气吹炼，增加碱性渣的氧化性；最后加入含碳还原剂，在碳被氧化，释放出大量的一氧化碳气体过程中，磷酸盐被捕捉，使碱性渣被迅速泡沫化，并由钢包口溢出，使磷不再具备向钢水中回磷的条件。该排渣方法的操作简单方便，对设备要求不高，并且具有较好的脱磷效果，可用于制备含磷<0.003％超低磷钢。
本公开还提供了一种超低磷钢的生产方法，其包括上述超低磷钢生产过程中的排渣方法，以及排渣后的精炼和铸锭。该生产方法的脱磷效果好，生产成本低，可以高效生产含磷<0.003％的超低磷钢。
以上所述仅为本公开的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本公开，对于本领 域的技术人员来说，本公开可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。
工业实用性：
本公开提供了一种超低磷钢生产过程中的排渣方法，其先将钢水与石灰混合，碱性渣；再用氧气吹炼，增加碱性渣的氧化性；最后加入含碳还原剂，在碳被氧化，释放出大量的一氧化碳气体过程中，磷酸盐被捕捉，使碱性渣被迅速泡沫化，并由钢包口溢出，使磷不再具备向钢水中回磷的条件。该排渣方法的操作简单方便，对设备要求不高，并且具有较好的脱磷效果，可用于制备含磷<0.003％超低磷钢。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种超低磷钢生产过程中的排渣方法，其特征在于，包括：
    将钢水倒入钢包的同时，随钢水加入石灰，以提前化渣并形成碱性渣；
    在所述钢包顶部吹氧，底部吹氩以进行吹炼；
    将所述钢包倾斜，使钢水面接近钢包口；
    加入含碳还原剂，使所述碱性渣泡沫化，并由所述钢包口溢出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的排渣方法，其特征在于，以所述钢水的质量计，所述石灰的添加量为0.5～3kg/t；优选地，所述石灰的添加量为0.7～1kg/t。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的排渣方法，其特征在于，对所述钢包的顶部进行吹氧的供氧强度为50～300NL/(min·t)，压力为0.5～2.0MPa；优选地，供氧强度为100～150NL/(min·t)，压力为0.8～1.2MPa。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的排渣方法，其特征在于，对所述钢包的底部进行吹氩的压力为0.3～0.8MPa；优选地，压力为0.4～0.6MPa。
  5. 根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的排渣方法，其特征在于，在进行吹炼的过程中，加入萤石来调节所述碱性渣的粘稠度；优选地，以所述钢水的质量计，所述萤石的添加量为0.5～3kg/t；优选地，所述萤石的添加量为1～1.5kg/t。
  6. 根据权利要求1～5中任一项所述的排渣方法，其特征在于，吹炼的时长为10～30min，经过吹炼之后，所述碱性渣中的FeO含量为10％～30％；优选地，吹炼的时长为15～20min，经过吹炼之后，所述碱性渣中的FeO含量为15％～20％。
  7. 根据权利要求1～6中任一项所述的排渣方法，其特征在于，将所述钢包倾斜，使所述钢水面低于所述钢包口50～200mm；优选地，所述钢水面低于所述钢包口80～120mm。
  8. 根据权利要求1～7中任一项所述的排渣方法，其特征在于，所述钢包的倾斜角度为10～35度；优选地，所述钢包的倾斜角度为20～30度。
  9. 根据权利要求1～8中任一项所述的排渣方法，其特征在于，所述含碳还原剂包括碳化钙和增碳剂中的至少一种。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的排渣方法，其特征在于，所述含碳还原剂包含碳化钙，其中，所述碳化钙的粒度为5～20mm，以所述钢水的质量计，所述碳化钙的加入量为0.3～0.7kg/t，优选地，碳化钙的加入量为0.5～0.6kg/t。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的排渣方法，其特征在于，所述含碳还原剂包含增碳剂，其中，所述增碳剂的粒度为0.5～1mm，以所述钢水的质量计，所述增碳剂的加入量为0.2～0.5kg/t。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的排渣方法，其特征在于，增碳剂为活性炭，活性炭的加入量为0.3～0.4kg/t。
  13. 一种超低磷钢的生产方法，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1～12中任一项所述的超低磷钢生产过程中的排渣方法，以及排渣后的精炼和铸锭。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述精炼步骤包括在完成排渣后，将钢包由倾斜转向复位，并向钢水中加入铝，保持吹氩搅拌2～4min，以完成脱氧精炼。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述铸锭步骤包括在精炼完成后将钢水浇注成钢锭或连铸胚，优选地，铝的加入量为0.2～0.4kg/t。
  16. 一种超低磷钢，其特征在于，所述超低磷钢经如权利要求1～12中任一项所述的超低磷钢生产过程中的排渣方法进行排渣。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的超低磷钢，其特征在于，所述超低磷钢的含磷量<0.003％。
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