WO2020111229A1 - 溶液を用いた薬物送達系 - Google Patents
溶液を用いた薬物送達系 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020111229A1 WO2020111229A1 PCT/JP2019/046777 JP2019046777W WO2020111229A1 WO 2020111229 A1 WO2020111229 A1 WO 2020111229A1 JP 2019046777 W JP2019046777 W JP 2019046777W WO 2020111229 A1 WO2020111229 A1 WO 2020111229A1
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- YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)N YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZEMGGZBWXRYJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiouracil Chemical compound O=C1C=CNC(=S)N1 ZEMGGZBWXRYJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A01K2217/072—Animals genetically altered by homologous recombination maintaining or altering function, i.e. knock in
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- A01K2217/00—Genetically modified animals
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solution for delivering a molecule of interest (nucleic acid, protein, etc.) to cells for transduction.
- the invention further relates to methods of transducing cells of interest with such a solution and methods of producing cells transduced with the molecule of interest.
- Patent Document 1 describes a transduction buffer containing (i) a transduction compound, (ii) a salt, or an activator/enhancement factor of a sodium-hydrogen transporter, and preferably (iii) an osmoprotectant.
- transducing compounds betaine (eg non-surfactant sulfobetaine), GABA ( ⁇ -aminobutyric acid) and the like are described. Further, as an example, it is described that gRNA and Cas9 protein were transduced into KBM7 cells, and cleavage of WDR85 gene was observed.
- Non-Patent Document 1 uses a specific compound described in Patent Document 1 (such as GABA and Non-detergent Sulfobetaine 201 (NDSB-201)) to transduce sgRNA-Cas9 protein, resulting in cleavage of the WDR85 gene. It is described that it was recognized.
- a specific compound described in Patent Document 1 such as GABA and Non-detergent Sulfobetaine 201 (NDSB-201)
- Patent Document 2 describes (i) a transducing compound, (ii) one or more salts (Na, Rb, Li, K or Cs) 250-2,500mM, and (iii) an osmotic pressure inducer (osmotic pressure: 500-5000). (mOsmol/kg) and (iv) osmoprotectants are described in the transduction buffer. Moreover, as an example, it is described that gRNA and Cas9 protein were transduced into KBM7 cells, and cleavage of the target gene was observed.
- Non-Patent Document 2 shows that cleavage of a target gene by transduction of Cas9/gRNA complex is performed in vitro (neural progenitor cell) and in vivo by adding 1-4 SV40 NLS to the N-terminus of Cas9 protein. It is described that it was observed in (injection into mouse brain).
- the object of the present invention is to provide a means having excellent transfection efficiency of a nucleic acid, a protein, a complex thereof or the like into cells, particularly a method using a transduction solution.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing transduced cells using such means.
- a method for transducing a cell of interest with said molecule comprising the step of contacting the cell with the molecule of interest and a transduction solution, The above-mentioned method, wherein the transduction solution contains at least one of the following (A1) to (A5) and a (B) salt:
- A1 A compound represented by the following general formula (I) or a salt thereof, excluding 20 types of L-amino acids and S-methyl-L-methionine which are constituent units of a biological protein: [Wherein n is 0 or 1; R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or COR 3 , R 0 is, C 1-6 except an alkyl group, a side chain constituting the amino acids comprising the structure unit of a protein of good biological optionally having a C 1-6 alkyl group which may have a substituent Shows, However, when R 0 is a hydrogen atom, R 1 represents COR 3 , R
- X represents an oxygen atom or NR 11
- R 11 represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl group or COR 12
- R 12 represents a C 1-6 alkyl group
- Y represents a hydrogen atom or OR 10
- R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 10 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a phosphonic acid group
- R 9 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a phosphate group
- R 10 is a hydrogen atom, at least one of OR 6 , OR 7 , OR 8 and R 9 is a phosphate group.
- the compounds represented by the general formula (II) include those having a chain structure in equilibrium with the general formula (II) in an aqueous solution.
- Nucleobase, nucleoside or nucleotide, or salt thereof (A4) A compound represented by the general formula (III) or a salt thereof, excluding malic acid: Rx-CRyRzCOOH III [Wherein, Rx is a linear C 2-4 alkyl substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of a C 1-6 alkyl group, an optionally substituted hydroxyl group, an oxo group and a carboxyl group.
- (A1) is a compound selected from argininosuccinic acid, 1-methyl-L-histidine, pantothenic acid, L-carnosine, N-carbamyl-L-aspartic acid or a salt thereof;
- (A2) is a compound selected from miglitol, 2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate, ⁇ -D-glucose 1-phosphate, 1-deoxynojirimycin or a salt thereof;
- (A3) is a compound selected from cytosine, cytidine, deoxyuridine, deoxycytidine, 5′-inosinic acid or a salt thereof;
- (A4) is a compound selected from 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid, 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid, 2-hydroxyglutaric acid or a salt thereof;
- Item (A5) is a compound selected from creatinine, hydroxyproline, 1,3-butanediol, 1,3-dimethylurea,
- At least one of (A1) to (A5) is 1-methyl-L-histidine, N-carbamyl-L-aspartic acid, deoxycytidine, 2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate, 6-phospho-D.
- Item 2. The method according to Item 1, wherein the salt (B) is at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and potassium chloride.
- Item 2. The method according to Item 1, wherein the molecule of interest comprises a protein and/or a nucleic acid.
- a method of producing a cell transduced with a molecule of interest comprising the step of contacting a cell with a molecule of interest and a transduction solution, The production method, wherein the transduction solution contains at least one of the following (A1) to (A5) and a (B) salt:
- (A1) A compound represented by the following general formula (I) or a salt thereof, excluding 20 types of L-amino acids and S-methyl-L-methionine which are constituent units of a biological protein:
- n is 0 or 1;
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or COR 3 ,
- R 0 is, C 1-6 except an alkyl group, a side chain constituting the amino acids comprising the structure unit of a protein of good biological optionally having a C 1-6 alkyl group which may have a substituent Shows, However, when R 0 is a hydrogen atom, R 1 represents COR 3 , R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, R 3 represents a C
- X represents an oxygen atom or NR 11
- R 11 represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl group or COR 12
- R 12 represents a C 1-6 alkyl group
- Y represents a hydrogen atom or OR 10
- R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 10 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a phosphonic acid group
- R 9 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a phosphate group
- R 10 is a hydrogen atom, at least one of OR 6 , OR 7 , OR 8 and R 9 is a phosphate group.
- the compounds represented by the general formula (II) include those having a chain structure in equilibrium with the general formula (II) in an aqueous solution.
- Nucleobase, nucleoside or nucleotide, or salt thereof (A4) A compound represented by the general formula (III) or a salt thereof, excluding malic acid: Rx-CRyRzCOOH III [Wherein, Rx is a linear C 2-4 alkyl substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of a C 1-6 alkyl group, an optionally substituted hydroxyl group, an oxo group and a carboxyl group.
- (A1) is a compound selected from argininosuccinic acid, 1-methyl-L-histidine, pantothenic acid, L-carnosine, N-carbamyl-L-aspartic acid or a salt thereof;
- (A2) is a compound selected from miglitol, 2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate, ⁇ -D-glucose 1-phosphate, 1-deoxynojirimycin or a salt thereof;
- (A3) is a compound selected from cytosine, cytidine, deoxyuridine, deoxycytidine, 5′-inosinic acid or a salt thereof;
- (A4) is a compound selected from 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid, 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid, 2-hydroxyglutaric acid or a salt thereof;
- Item (A5) is a compound selected from creatinine, hydroxyproline, 1,3-butanediol, 1,3-dimethylurea,
- At least one of (A1) to (A5) is 1-methyl-L-histidine, N-carbamyl-L-aspartic acid, deoxycytidine, 2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate, 6-phospho-D.
- Item 10 The method according to Item 9, which is a compound selected from gluconic acid or a salt thereof.
- the salt (B) is at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and potassium chloride.
- Item 10 The method according to Item 9, wherein the molecule of interest comprises a protein and/or a nucleic acid.
- Item 9 The method according to Item 9, wherein the molecule of interest comprises Cas protein and/or gRNA.
- Item 10 The method according to Item 9, wherein the cells are present in a living body.
- Item 10 The method according to Item 9, wherein the cells are muscle cells.
- (A1) A compound represented by the following general formula (I) or a salt thereof, excluding 20 types of L-amino acids and S-methyl-L-methionine which are constituent units of a biological protein:
- n is 0 or 1;
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or COR 3 ,
- R 0 is, C 1-6 except an alkyl group, a side chain constituting the amino acids comprising the structure unit of a protein of good biological optionally having a C 1-6 alkyl group which may have a substituent
- R 0 is a hydrogen atom
- R 1 represents COR 3
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom
- R 3 represents a C 1-6 alkyl group (excluding a methyl group) which may have a substituent (excluding a thiol group and a disulfide group), or NR 4 R 5 ;
- X represents an oxygen atom or NR 11
- R 11 represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl group or COR 12
- R 12 represents a C 1-6 alkyl group
- Y represents a hydrogen atom or OR 10
- R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 10 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a phosphonic acid group
- R 9 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a phosphate group
- R 10 is a hydrogen atom, at least one of OR 6 , OR 7 , OR 8 and R 9 is a phosphate group.
- the compounds represented by the general formula (II) include those having a chain structure in equilibrium with the general formula (II) in an aqueous solution.
- Nucleobase, nucleoside or nucleotide, or salt thereof (A4) A compound represented by the general formula (III) or a salt thereof, excluding malic acid: Rx-CRyRzCOOH III [Wherein, Rx is a linear C 2-4 alkyl substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of a C 1-6 alkyl group, an optionally substituted hydroxyl group, an oxo group and a carboxyl group.
- (A1) is a compound selected from argininosuccinic acid, 1-methyl-L-histidine, pantothenic acid, L-carnosine, N-carbamyl-L-aspartic acid or a salt thereof;
- (A2) is a compound selected from miglitol, 2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate, ⁇ -D-glucose 1-phosphate, 1-deoxynojirimycin or a salt thereof;
- (A3) is a compound selected from cytosine, cytidine, deoxyuridine, deoxycytidine, 5′-inosinic acid or a salt thereof;
- (A4) is a compound selected from 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid, 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid, 2-hydroxyglutaric acid or a salt thereof;
- Item (A5) is a compound selected from creatinine, hydroxyproline, 1,3-butanediol, 1,3-dimethylurea,
- At least one of (A1) to (A5) is 1-methyl-L-histidine, N-carbamyl-L-aspartic acid, deoxycytidine, 2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate, 6-phospho-D.
- Item 18 The transduction solution according to Item 17, which is a compound selected from gluconic acid or a salt thereof.
- Item 18. The transduction solution according to Item 17, wherein the salt (B) is at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and potassium chloride.
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising the transduction solution according to item 17 and a molecule of interest.
- Item 22 The pharmaceutical composition according to Item 21, wherein the molecule of interest comprises a protein and/or a nucleic acid.
- Item 22 The pharmaceutical composition according to Item 21, wherein the molecule of interest comprises Cas protein and/or gRNA.
- the transduction method of the present invention it becomes possible to highly efficiently introduce a nucleic acid, a protein, a complex thereof, or the like into a cell.
- a complex of gRNA and Cas9 protein used in the CRISPR system into cells with high efficiency by the transduction method of the present invention, a high DNA cleavage activity by the CRISPR system can be achieved.
- transduced cells can be efficiently produced.
- FIG. 1 shows a reporter cassette for establishing EGFP reporter cells.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of image analysis of EGFP reporter cells scanned with EGFP, HOECHST and visible light.
- FIG. 3 shows the expression part of Cas9 protein.
- FIG. 4 (FIG. 4-1 and FIG. 4-2) shows the measurement results of the EGFP positive rate and the number of HOECHST cells when various concentrations of the compounds (A1) to (A5) were used (see Example 1). ). Same as above.
- FIG. 5 shows the measurement results of the EGFP positive rate and the number of HOECHST cells when the compounds (A1) to (A5) were used at specific concentrations (see Example 1).
- FIG. 4 shows the measurement results of the EGFP positive rate and the number of HOECHST cells when the compounds (A1) to (A5) were used at specific concentrations (see Example 1).
- FIG. 4 shows the measurement results of the EGFP positive rate and the number of HOECHST cells when the compounds (A
- FIG. 6 shows the measurement results of the EGFP positive rate and the number of HOECHST cells when the compounds (A1) to (A5) were used at specific concentrations (see Example 2).
- FIG. 7 shows the measurement results of the EGFP positive rate and the number of HOECHST cells when various concentrations of (B) salt were used (see Example 3).
- FIG. 8 shows the measurement results of the EGFP positive rate for the compounds (A1) to (A5) when the concentration of sodium chloride as the salt (B) was changed (see Example 4).
- FIG. 10 shows a case where an administration solution (administration solution 2) containing various compounds (A1) to (A5), sodium chloride, and a complex of mRosa26 gRNA and Cas9 protein was locally administered to the gastrocnemius muscle of the right lower leg of a mouse.
- FIG. 11 shows administration solutions (administration solution 3) containing various concentrations of 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid or N-carbamyl-L-aspartic acid, sodium chloride, and a complex of mRosa26 gRNA and Cas9 protein.
- the measurement result of skipping efficiency (skipping efficiency (%)) at the time of local administration to the tibialis anterior muscle of a mouse is shown (see Example 7).
- FIG. 12 shows the intracellular uptake of fluorescence-labeled dextran using a transduction solution containing 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid or N-carbamyl-L-aspartic acid (or GABA as a control) and sodium chloride. It is a fluorescence micrograph at the time of evaluation (refer to Example 8). The bright part in the fluorescence micrograph represents the fluorescence-labeled dextran incorporated into the cells.
- transduction means introducing an arbitrary substance into cells.
- the inside of the cell includes at least the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
- “Culture” or “culturing” means to maintain, proliferate, and/or differentiate cells outside a tissue or outside the body, for example, in a dish, a petri dish, a flask, or a culture tank (tank). Means
- “Comprise(s) or comprising” means, but is not limited to, the inclusion of the elements that follow the phrase. Thus, the inclusion of elements following the phrase is suggested, but the exclusion of any other element is not suggested.
- Consist(s) of or consisting of is meant to include and be limited to any element that follows the term. Thus, the phrase “consisting of” indicates that the listed element is required or required and that the other elements are substantially absent.
- consisting essentially of is meant to include any element that follows the phrase and is limited to other elements that do not affect the activity or action specified for the element in this disclosure. .. Thus, the phrase “consisting essentially of” means that the listed elements are required or required, while other elements are optional and affect the activity or action of the listed elements. Depending on whether or not it is present, it may or may not be present.
- CRISPR clustered regulatory interspersed short palindromic repeat sequence
- Cas CRISPR-related
- each substituent used in this specification will be described in detail. Unless otherwise specified, each substituent has the following definition.
- examples of the “C 1-4 alkyl group” include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
- examples of the “C 1-6 alkyl group” include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl. , Isohexyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl.
- linear C 2-4 alkyl group examples include ethyl, propyl and butyl.
- examples of the “substituent” which the C 1-6 alkyl group or C 1-4 alkyl group may have include a C 1-6 alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group and a carboxyl group. Be done. Except as otherwise defined herein, a C 1-6 alkyl group or a C 1-4 alkyl group has one substituent at any substitutable position, or a plurality of substituents independent of each other. Can have a group.
- the transduction solution of the present invention contains at least one of the following (A1) to (A5) and a (B) salt.
- the compound (A1) is a compound represented by the following general formula (I) or a salt thereof, excluding 20 types of L-amino acids and S-methyl-L-methionine, which are constituent units of biological proteins.
- the compound of (A1) may be a hydrate.
- any one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- n is 0 or 1
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or COR 3
- R 0 is, C 1-6 except an alkyl group, a side chain constituting the amino acids comprising the structure unit of a protein of good biological optionally having a C 1-6 alkyl group which may have a substituent
- R 0 is a hydrogen atom
- R 1 represents COR 3
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom
- R 3 represents a C 1-6 alkyl group (excluding a methyl group) which may have a substituent (excluding a thiol group and a disulfide group)
- R 4 and R 5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C 1-4 alkyl group.
- the "side chain constituting the amino acids comprising the structure unit of biological protein" according to the definition of R 0 is constitutes part of pyrroline, R 0 are bonded to carbon atoms and R 1 is attached is The ring formed together with the nitrogen atom (pyrrolidine ring) is not included.
- n is preferably 0 or 1.
- R 1 is preferably a hydrogen atom or COR 3 .
- R 2 is preferably a hydrogen atom.
- R 3 is preferably a C 1-6 alkyl group (excluding a methyl group) which may have a substituent (excluding a thiol group and a disulfide group), or NR 4 R 5 .
- R 0 is preferably a hydrogen atom, or optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group, arginine, histidine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, glutamine, lysine, phenylalanine, It is a side chain that constitutes serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, cysteine or methionine.
- R 4 is preferably a hydrogen atom or a C 1-4 alkyl group.
- R 5 is preferably a hydrogen atom or a C 1-4 alkyl group.
- compound (I) is as follows.
- the compounds below may be salts and/or hydrates.
- n is 0 or 1
- R 1 is COR 3
- R 2 is a hydrogen atom
- R 3 has a substituent (excluding thiol group and disulfide group) Is a C 1-6 alkyl group (excluding a methyl group)
- R 0 is a hydrogen atom, or an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group, arginine, histidine
- n is 0 or 1
- R 1 is COR 3
- R 2 is a hydrogen atom
- R 3 is NR 4 R 5
- R 0 is a hydrogen atom, or a substituent Arginine, histidine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, glutamine, lysine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, cysteine or methionine, which may have a C 1-6 alkyl group.
- R 4 is a hydrogen atom
- R 5 is a hydrogen atom.
- compound (I) More preferred specific examples of compound (I) are as follows.
- the compounds below may be salts and/or hydrates.
- a compound which is a side chain constituting arginine for example, argininosuccinic acid.
- Compound (Ib) a side that forms histidine, in which n is 0, R 1 is a hydrogen atom, R 2 is a hydrogen atom, and R 0 may have a C 1-6 alkyl group.
- a compound that is a chain for example 1-methyl-L-histidine.
- n 1, R 1 is COR 3 , R 2 is a hydrogen atom, and R 3 is a C 1-6 alkyl group or a propyl group which may have a hydroxyl group. And a compound in which R 0 is a hydrogen atom, for example, pantothenic acid.
- n 0, R 1 is COR 3 , R 2 is a hydrogen atom, R 3 is NR 4 R 5 , and R 0 has a C 1-6 alkyl group.
- (A1) is a compound selected from argininosuccinic acid, 1-methyl-L-histidine, pantothenic acid, L-carnosine, N-carbamyl-L-aspartic acid or a salt thereof (hydrate). May be a compound selected from argininosuccinic acid, 1-methyl-L-histidine, L-carnosine, N-carbamyl-L-aspartic acid, or a salt thereof (hydrate, Is particularly preferable).
- (A1) is a compound selected from 1-methyl-L-histidine, N-carbamyl-L-aspartic acid or a salt thereof (which may be a hydrate). It is particularly preferable that
- the compound (A2) is a compound represented by the following general formula (II) or a salt thereof.
- the compound of (A2) may be a hydrate.
- any one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- X represents an oxygen atom or NR 11
- R 11 represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl group or COR 12
- R 12 represents a C 1-6 alkyl group
- Y represents a hydrogen atom or OR 10
- R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 10 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a phosphonic acid group (—P( ⁇ O)(OH) 2
- R 9 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a phosphoric acid group (—OP( ⁇ O)(OH) 2 )
- OR 6 is a hydrogen atom
- OR 7 , OR 8 and R 9 is a phosphate group.
- the compound represented by the general formula (II) includes a compound having a chain structure in equilibrium with the general formula (II) in an aqueous solution.
- X is preferably an oxygen atom or NR 11 .
- Y is preferably a hydrogen atom or OR 10 .
- R 11 is preferably a hydrogen atom or a C 1-4 alkyl group which may have a substituent.
- R 6 is preferably a hydrogen atom or a phosphonic acid group.
- R 7 is preferably a hydrogen atom or a phosphonic acid group.
- R 8 is preferably a hydrogen atom or a phosphonic acid group.
- R 9 is preferably a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a phosphate group.
- R 10 is preferably a hydrogen atom or a phosphonic acid group.
- Compound (II) is as follows.
- the compounds below may be salts and/or hydrates.
- R 9 is a hydroxyl group or a phosphoric acid group
- R 10 is a hydrogen atom or a phosphonic acid group
- R 11 is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl A compound that is a group.
- X is an oxygen atom
- Y is OR 10
- R 6 is a hydrogen atom or a phosphonic acid group
- R 7 is a hydrogen atom or a phosphonic acid group
- R 8 is a hydrogen atom.
- a compound which is a phosphonic acid group R 9 is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a phosphoric acid group
- R 10 is a hydrogen atom or a phosphonic acid group.
- Compound (II) is as follows.
- the compounds below may be salts and/or hydrates.
- (A2) is a compound selected from miglitol, 2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate, ⁇ -D-glucose 1-phosphate, 1-deoxynojirimycin or a salt thereof. (It may be a hydrate.) It is particularly preferable. In another aspect of the present invention, (A2) is particularly preferably 2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate or a salt thereof (which may be a hydrate).
- the compound (A3) is a nucleobase, a nucleoside or a nucleotide, or a salt thereof.
- the compound of (A3) may be a hydrate.
- any one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- the molecule of interest may be a “nucleic acid”, but the “nucleic acid” is a polynucleotide or an oligonucleotide, whereas the “nucleotide” as the compound in (A3) is a mononucleotide or The two are distinguished by the fact that they are dinucleotides.
- nucleobases examples include adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil, and modified bases thereof, such as methylated cytosine, hydroxymethylated cytosine, methylated guanine, hypoxanthine (deaminated adenine, 6-hydroxypurine).
- Nucleic acid contained in Pseudouracil, Pseudouracil, Dihydrouracil, Thiouracil, Methylaminoselenouracil, Taurinomethyluracil, Lysicin, Agmatinylcytosine, Archeosin, Cueosin, Wyosin, Other genomic DNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA A base etc. are mentioned.
- a nucleoside is a compound in which ribose or other sugar is bound to a base, and includes ribonucleoside, deoxyribonucleoside and the like.
- the ribonucleoside include adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, uridine, 5-methyluridine, and other compounds in which ribose is bound to the modified nucleobase and the like.
- deoxyribonucleotides include deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine, thymidine, deoxyuridine, and other compounds in which deoxyribose is bound to the modified nucleobase and the like.
- Nucleosides also include inosine (a compound in which ribose is bound to hypoxanthine), riboflavin (a compound in which ribose (ribitol) bound to vitamin B2 and dimethylisoalloxazine is chained).
- inosine a compound in which ribose is bound to hypoxanthine
- riboflavin a compound in which ribose (ribitol) bound to vitamin B2 and dimethylisoalloxazine is chained.
- ⁇ Nucleotides are compounds in which a phosphate group is bound to sugar residues such as ribonucleosides and deoxyribonucleosides.
- adenosine monophosphate AMP
- ADP adenosine diphosphate
- ATP adenosine triphosphate
- GTP guanosine triphosphate
- CMP cytidine monophosphate
- CDP cytidine diphosphate
- CTP uridine monophosphate
- UMP uridine monophosphate
- UDP uridine triphosphate
- Nucleotides also include inosinic acid (inosine monophosphate), flavin mononucleotide (FMN), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and the like.
- compounds such as cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) in which a cyclic phosphate group is bound to a nucleoside are also included in the nucleotide.
- nucleobase adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil and hypoxanthine.
- Nucleoside adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, uridine, 5-methyluridine, deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine, thymidine, deoxyuridine, inosine.
- Nucleotides adenosine monophosphate, guanosine monophosphate, cytidine monophosphate, uridine monophosphate, deoxyadenosine monophosphate, deoxyadenosine diphosphate, deoxyguanosine monophosphate, deoxycytidine monophosphate, deoxycytidine diphosphate Acid, thymidine monophosphate, deoxyuridine monophosphate, inosinic acid.
- the compounds below may be salts and/or hydrates.
- Nucleobase Cytosine.
- Nucleosides cytidine, deoxyuridine, deoxycytidine.
- Nucleotides 5'-inosinic acid.
- (A3) is a compound selected from cytosine, cytidine, deoxyuridine, deoxycytidine, 5′-inosinic acid or a salt thereof (may be a hydrate), Among them, a compound selected from cytidine, deoxycytidine, and 5′-inosinic acid or a salt thereof (which may be a hydrate) is particularly preferable. In another aspect of the present invention, (A3) is particularly preferably deoxycytidine or a salt thereof (which may be a hydrate).
- the compound (A4) is a compound represented by the general formula (III) or a salt thereof, excluding malic acid.
- the compound of (A4) may be a hydrate.
- any one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- Rx represents a linear C 2-4 alkyl group substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of a C 1-6 alkyl group, an optionally substituted hydroxyl group, an oxo group and a carboxyl group
- Ry and Rz each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group (provided that at least one is a hydroxyl group) or together represent an oxo group.
- Examples of the hydroxyl group which may be substituted in Rx include a hydroxyl group which may be substituted with a phosphonic acid group.
- Rx is preferably a linear C 2-4 alkyl group substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of a C 1-6 alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, a phosphoric acid group, an oxo group and a carboxyl group.
- Ry preferably forms a hydroxyl group or an oxo group with Rz.
- Rz preferably forms a hydrogen atom or Ry and an oxo group.
- compound (III) is as follows.
- Compound (III) More preferred specific examples of compound (III) are as follows.
- Compound (III-a) a compound in which Rx is a butyl group substituted with a hydroxyl group and a phosphoric acid group, Ry is a hydroxyl group, and Rz is a hydrogen atom, for example, 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid.
- Compound (III-b) a compound in which Rx is an ethyl group substituted with a C 1-6 alkyl group and Ry and Rz form an oxo group, for example, 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid.
- Compound (III-c) a compound in which Rx is an ethyl group substituted with a carboxyl group, Ry is a hydroxyl group, and Rz is a hydrogen atom, for example, 2-hydroxyglutaric acid.
- (A4) is a compound selected from 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid, 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid, 2-hydroxyglutaric acid or a salt thereof (hydrate, Is particularly preferable).
- (A4) is particularly preferably 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid or a salt thereof (which may be a hydrate).
- the compound (A5) is at least one selected from the group consisting of creatinine, hydroxyproline, 1,3-butanediol, trientine, D-cellobiose, 1,3-dimethylurea, pantolactone and trimetadione or a salt thereof. is there.
- the compound of (A5) may be a hydrate.
- (A5) is a compound selected from creatinine, hydroxyproline, 1,3-butanediol, 1,3-dimethylurea, pantolactone, trimetadione or a salt thereof (hydrate, Is particularly preferable).
- the salt included in each of the definitions of (A1) to (A5) is preferably a pharmacologically acceptable salt, for example, a salt with an inorganic base, a salt with an organic base, a salt with an inorganic acid, an organic acid. And a salt with a basic or acidic amino acid.
- salts with inorganic bases include alkali metal salts such as sodium salts and potassium salts; alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salts and magnesium salts; aluminum salts and ammonium salts.
- alkali metal salts such as sodium salts and potassium salts
- alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salts and magnesium salts
- aluminum salts and ammonium salts Preferred are sodium salt, potassium salt, calcium salt and magnesium salt, and more preferred are sodium salt, potassium salt and magnesium salt.
- Suitable examples of salts with organic bases include trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, picoline, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, tromethamine [tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine], tert-butylamine, cyclohexylamine, benzylamine, Examples thereof include salts with dicyclohexylamine and N,N-dibenzylethylenediamine.
- salts with inorganic acids include salts with hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid. Preferred are salts with hydrochloric acid and salts with phosphoric acid.
- salts with organic acids include formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, phthalic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid. , And a salt with p-toluenesulfonic acid.
- salts with basic amino acids include salts with arginine, lysine and ornithine.
- salts with acidic amino acids include salts with aspartic acid and glutamic acid.
- the salt of (B) is a compound contained in the transduction solution of the present invention, in addition to the salts included in each definition of (A1) to (A5). In the present invention, salts corresponding to (A1) to (A5) are excluded from the salts of (B).
- Examples of the salt (B) include alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts such as lithium salt, sodium salt, magnesium salt, potassium salt, calcium salt, rubidium salt and cesium salt; carbonate, sulfonate and sulfuric acid.
- Inorganic acid salts such as salts; organic acid salts such as aspartate; sulfides; halides such as chlorides, bromides, iodides and fluorides.
- alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts organic acid salts and chlorides are preferable, and examples thereof include alkali metal or alkali metal salts such as sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride and magnesium aspartate.
- a salt formed by an earth metal (cation) and an organic acid or a halogen atom (anion) is more preferable.
- the salt (B) is preferably a combination of two or more of these.
- the combination of two or more kinds of (B) salts is not particularly limited, but a combination of three kinds of sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and potassium chloride is preferable. When three kinds of combinations of sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and potassium chloride are used, the molar ratio is 0.75 to 0.95 for sodium chloride, 0.05 to 0.15 for magnesium chloride and 0. 025 to 0.075 is preferable.
- the types (combinations) of the compounds used as the components (A1) to (A5) and (B) contained in the transduction solution of the present invention and their concentrations are determined from the viewpoint of the efficiency of introducing the molecule of interest into cells, and the like. For example, it can be appropriately adjusted depending on the type of the target cell and is not particularly limited.
- the concentration of the compounds (A1) to (A5) in the transduction solution is usually 0.1 mM to 1000 mM, but the optimum concentration varies depending on the transducing substance.
- concentration of the compounds (A1) to (A5) in the transduction solution is usually 0.1 mM to 1000 mM, but the optimum concentration varies depending on the transducing substance.
- 2'-deoxycytidine 12.5 mM or more is preferable, and 100 mM to 250 mM is more preferable.
- 100 mM to 250 mM is more preferable.
- calcium pantothenate 160 mM to 250 mM is preferable.
- argininosuccinate disodium hydrate 30 mM or more is preferable, and 100 mM to 250 mM is more preferable.
- sodium 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate it is preferably 40 mM or more, more preferably 100 mM to 200 mM.
- 1,3-butylene glycol 0.6 mM or more is preferable, and 0.6 mM to 3 mM is more preferable.
- 30 mM or more is preferable, and 60 mM to 500 mM is more preferable.
- 10 mM or more is preferable, and 100 mM or more is more preferable.
- 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid it is preferably 60 mM or more, more preferably 100 mM to 500 mM.
- creatinine it is preferably 5 mM or more, more preferably 100 mM to 500 mM.
- cytosine 20 mM or more is preferable, and 25 mM to 250 mM is more preferable.
- D(+)-cellobiose it is preferably 3 mM or more, more preferably 200 mM to 500 mM.
- 2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate it is preferably 30 mM or more, more preferably 125 mM to 500 mM.
- the ⁇ -D-glucose-1-phosphate is preferably 60 mM or more, more preferably 125 mM to 500 mM.
- N-carbamyl-L-aspartic acid it is preferably 60 mM or more, more preferably 125 mM to 500 mM.
- L-carnosine 1 mM or more is preferable, and 60 mM to 500 mM is more preferable.
- miglitol 1 mM or more is preferable, and 60 mM to 250 mM is more preferable.
- inosine 5'-disodium phosphate hydrate 100 mM or more is preferable, and 250 mM to 500 mM is more preferable.
- 2-hydroxyglutaric acid 1 mM or more is preferable, and 60 mM to 500 mM is more preferable.
- 1-methyl-L-histidine it is preferably 10 mM or more, more preferably 100 mM to 250 mM.
- cytidine 100 mM or more is preferable, and 125 mM to 500 mM is more preferable.
- 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid 30 mM or more is preferable, and 100 mM to 250 mM is more preferable.
- the total concentration of one kind or a combination of two or more kinds is usually 200 mM or more, preferably 200 to 2000 mM, more preferably 300 mM to 900 mM. Is.
- the compounds (A1) to (A5) and the salt (B) can be produced (synthesized, isolated, purified, etc.) by a known method, or a commercially available product can be used.
- the transduction solution of the present invention can be prepared by dissolving at least one compound of (A1) to (A5) and the salt of (B) in a suitable solvent.
- the solvent for dissolving the components (A1) to (A5) and (B) is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve these components in a predetermined amount, but a buffer solution is preferable. is there.
- the buffer include acetate buffer, citrate buffer, 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer, phosphate buffer and other acidic buffers; and 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1- Examples include neutral buffers such as piperazine ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) buffer, phosphate buffer, phosphate buffered saline (PBS).
- HEPES piperazine ethanesulfonic acid
- Tris tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
- the osmotic pressure of the transduction solution of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is usually 300 mOsmol/kg or more, preferably 300 to 2000 mOsmol/kg, more preferably 700 to 1700 mOsmol/kg.
- viral plasmids, nanoparticles, liposomes, cationic lipids, outer membrane vesicles or other lipid vesicles (including micelles), which are used in known transduction (transfection) methods The action and effect of the present invention can be exhibited without involving a transmembrane carrier selected from cell membrane-permeable peptides and the like, and the molecule of interest can be introduced into cells with high efficiency.
- the transduction method of the present invention includes at least a step of contacting a cell with a molecule of interest and a transduction solution (referred to as “contact step” in the present specification), and further, if necessary, in the cell. Other steps relating to introducing the molecule of interest may be included. Further, the transduction method of the present invention uses a predetermined transduction solution described in the present specification to introduce a molecule of interest into cells, but other technical matters are basically It can be based on a method of introducing a molecule of interest into cells using a solution.
- the action and effect of the present invention can be obtained without performing a special treatment such as electroporation, which is used in a known transfection method, and the molecule of interest can be obtained. Can be introduced into cells with high efficiency.
- the molecule of interest to be introduced into cells using a transduction solution is not particularly limited as long as it can fulfill the intended purpose in cells.
- Molecules of interest include, for example, nucleic acids, proteins, and complexes thereof, and polymeric compounds (eg, dextran), and preferred molecules of interest include, for example, nucleic acids, proteins and complexes thereof. Be done.
- nucleic acid may be any molecule as long as it is a molecule obtained by polymerizing a nucleotide and a molecule having a function equivalent to the nucleotide, and examples thereof include RNA that is a polymer of ribonucleotides, DNA that is a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides, and ribonucleotides. Examples thereof include a polymer obtained by mixing nucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides, a nucleotide polymer including a nucleotide analog, and a nucleotide polymer including a nucleic acid derivative may be used.
- the nucleic acid may be a single-stranded nucleic acid or a double-stranded nucleic acid.
- the double-stranded nucleic acid also includes a double-stranded nucleic acid in which one strand hybridizes to the other strand under stringent conditions.
- Nucleotide analogues include ribonucleotides for improving or stabilizing nuclease resistance, for increasing affinity with complementary strand nucleic acids, for increasing cell permeability, or for visualization, as compared with RNA or DNA. Any molecule may be used as long as it is a molecule obtained by modifying nucleotides, deoxyribonucleotides, RNA or DNA.
- the nucleotide analogue may be a naturally occurring molecule or a non-naturally occurring molecule, and examples thereof include a sugar moiety-modified nucleotide analogue and a phosphodiester bond-modified nucleotide analogue.
- the sugar moiety-modified nucleotide analog may be any one as long as it has a chemical structure substance added or substituted to a part or all of the chemical structure of the nucleotide sugar, and specific examples thereof include 2′.
- -O-methylribose substituted nucleotide analogue 2'-O-propylribose substituted nucleotide analogue, 2'-methoxyethoxyribose substituted nucleotide analogue, 2'-O-methoxyethylribose
- Nucleic acid analog morpholino nucleic acid
- BNA bridged structure type artificial nucleic acid
- PNA ribonucleic acid
- the phosphoric acid diester bond-modified nucleotide analog may be any one as long as it has added or substituted an arbitrary chemical substance to part or all of the chemical structure of the phosphoric acid diester bond of the nucleotide.
- Examples include nucleotide analogues substituted with phosphorothioate bonds, nucleotide analogues substituted with N3′-P5′ phosphoamidate bonds, etc. [Cell engineering, 16, 1463-1473 (1997)] [RNAi method And antisense method, Kodansha (2005)].
- nucleic acid derivative compared with a nucleic acid, in order to improve nuclease resistance, to stabilize, to increase affinity with complementary strand nucleic acid, to increase cell permeability, or to visualize, a different chemical Any molecule to which a substance is added may be used, and specific examples thereof include 5'-polyamine addition derivatives, cholesterol addition derivatives, steroid addition derivatives, bile acid addition derivatives, vitamin addition derivatives, Cy5 addition derivatives, Cy3 addition derivatives. , 6-FAM addition derivatives, biotin addition derivatives and the like.
- nucleic acid examples include mRNA, siRNA, shRNA, miRNA, miRNA mimic, antisense nucleic acid, ribozyme, decoy nucleic acid, aptamer, plasmid DNA, Cosmid DNA, BAC DNA, and guide RNA (gRNA) in the CRISPR system.
- nucleic acids may be artificially modified analogs or derivatives.
- proteins include enzymes, transcription factors, cytokines, tissue growth factors, antibodies, and therapeutic proteins.
- the enzyme include enzymes such as restriction enzymes, endonucleases, Cre recombinases, and flipperses, which target nucleic acids (especially genomic DNA in target cells) and modify their nucleotide sequences.
- the endonuclease include TAL effector nuclease (TALEN), zinc finger nuclease (ZFN), meganuclease (homing nuclease), guide molecule (RNA)-inducible endonuclease (eg Cas9, Cas12a), and other genome editing systems. The endonuclease used in.
- the molecule of interest in the present invention include so-called genome editing substances for inducing gene modification at target gene loci in cells, particularly substances for inducing gene modification by the CRISPR system. ..
- the nucleic acid is a guide RNA (gRNA) in the CRISPR system and the protein is an RNA-induced nuclease in the CRISPR system.
- the molecule of interest is a complex of gRNA and an RNA-induced nuclease such as Cas9 in the CRISPR system.
- the “guide RNA” may be in the form of one RNA in which crRNA and tracrRNA are linked, that is, a chimeric RNA (sometimes referred to as single guide RNA, sgRNA, etc.), or each unlinked one Each of them may be in the form of RNA (a combination of two RNAs or a combination of more RNAs).
- the guide RNA may be in the form of targeting one base sequence (one sgRNA, or one set of crRNA and tracrRNA), or in the form of targeting two or more base sequences (two It may be the above sgRNA, or two or more sets of crRNA and tracrRNA).
- crRNA is a nucleic acid sequence of about 17 to 20 bases that hybridizes with a target base sequence for gene modification (sometimes referred to as “target sequence” in the present specification) at a genome or gene locus in a cell (
- target recognition sequence may be referred to herein.
- the target sequence is flanked by short sequences (PAM (protospacer flanking motif)) recognized by the CRISPR system. Sequence and length requirements for PAM will vary depending on the type of nuclease used, but PAM is typically a 2-5 base pair sequence flanking the target sequence.
- PAM protospacer flanking motif
- the target sequence is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the above PAM conditions, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- the target sequence is typically included in a locus involved in a genetic disease and can be targeted for gene therapy, or included in a locus involved in infection with a pathogen such as a bacterium or virus. It is an array.
- the target sequence is the base sequence of the locus containing the dystrophin gene. More specifically, the target sequence is a dystrophin disorder such as muscular dystrophy (eg, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, by repairing a frameshift mutation or nonsense mutation of the dystrophin gene by modification (deletion or insertion) to the base sequence. Becker muscular dystrophy), dystrophin gene-expanded cardiomyopathy) is a nucleotide sequence that can be prevented or treated. Alternatively, the target sequence is a nucleotide sequence on the dystrophin gene capable of producing a repaired dystrophin protein by repairing a frameshift mutation or a nonsense mutation.
- muscular dystrophy eg, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, by repairing a frameshift mutation or nonsense mutation of the dystrophin gene by modification (deletion or insertion)
- Becker muscular dystrophy eg, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, by repairing a frameshift mutation or nonsense mutation of the dystrophin gene by modification (dele
- Dystrophin dystrophy refers to various diseases caused by dystrophin gene mutations and caused by dysfunction-type or dysfunction-type dystrophin protein, and includes Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, and dystrophin gene-related expansion type. Including cardiomyopathy. Skeletal muscle disorders are often the main symptom, but in some cases skeletal muscle symptoms are not seen. It may be accompanied by hyperCKemia, myoglobinuria, dilated cardiomyopathy, cognitive impairment, and the like.
- Muscular dystrophy is defined as "a hereditary disease in which skeletal muscle degeneration and necrosis are the main lesions and clinically progressive weakness is seen". Muscular dystrophy includes Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, Emily Dreyves muscular dystrophy, limb girdle muscular dystrophy, congenital muscular dystrophy, Miyoshi muscular dystrophy, distal muscular dystrophy, facial scapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, and myotonic dystrophy. Are known.
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common muscular dystrophy in children, with a prevalence rate of 4-5 per 100,000 population. The main symptom is progressive muscle atrophy, and the cause is that the dystrophin gene on the X chromosome becomes dysfunctional due to mutation. With Duchenne muscular dystrophy, more than half of patients have single or multiple exon defects. The dystrophin gene mutation causes a shift in the protein reading frame, the appearance of stop codons in the middle, and the dystrophin protein is no longer synthesized, causing a series of symptoms.
- the dystrophin gene is a huge gene that exists on the X chromosome and has over 2.2 million bases. There are various isoforms depending on the transcription initiation point, and Dp71 expressed systemically, Dp116 expressed in terminal nerve cells, Dp140 expressed in brain and kidney, Dp260 expressed in retina, Dp417p expressed in Purkinje nerve cells. , Dp427b expressed in the brain, and Dp427m expressed in skeletal muscle are known.
- the dystrophin protein produced from the Dp427m isoform is a protein that is mainly expressed in muscle cells, binds to cytoskeletal actin at the N-terminal actin-binding domain, and is highly expressed at the C-terminal side. It also binds to the dystroglycan complex by the cysteine domain and constitutes the cytoskeleton together with actin.
- the dystrophin gene of Dp427m isoform is composed of 79 exons.
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy have functional defects due to deletions or duplications in either exon of the dystrophin gene, or due to point mutations (nonsense mutations) or insertion deletion mutations (frameshift mutations) in the exons. Almost no dystrophin protein is expressed (the amount of protein is 3% or less of that of healthy subjects by Western blotting).
- Becker muscular dystrophy which is relatively milder than Duchenne muscular dystrophy, when the stop codon does not occur in the middle even if exon deletion or base point mutation exists, normal dystrophin protein It expresses a dystrophin protein with a shorter amino acid sequence or with some amino acids substituted.
- -Duschenne muscular dystrophy and Becker muscular dystrophy have more than half of single or multiple exon deletions.
- a region between exon 44 and exon 55 is known as a site where many deletions are observed.
- Exon skipping can be performed for any exon by referring to, for example, previously published papers (for example, van Deutekom JC, van Ommen GJ., Nat Rev Genet. 2003) according to the location of the defective exon of the dystrophin gene. It can be confirmed whether an appropriate repair type dystrophin can be expressed.
- a method for expressing repair type dystrophin using genome editing other than exon skipping
- a method of introducing a small deletion or insertion into the dystrophin gene to control the reading frame, or homologous recombination of the defective exon can also be carried out by inserting it by means such as.
- the nucleotide sequence of the human dystrophin gene is available from, for example, National Center for Biotechnology Information (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/1756).
- Repair-type dystrophin protein refers to a dystrophin protein whose expression has been restored as a result of genome editing.
- it refers to a dystrophin protein having an N-terminal actin-binding domain and a C-terminal high cysteine domain, the expression of which was restored by using genome editing for a dystrophin gene having a frameshift mutation or a nonsense mutation.
- a frameshift mutation is caused by exon duplication, or when one of the duplication exons is skipped by genome editing, expression of a repair type dystrophin protein having 100% homology with a normal type may be restored.
- the repair type dystrophin protein particularly refers to a human dystrophin protein translated from mRNA in which exon 45 is skipped in exon 44-deleted human dystrophin gene and exon 43 and exon 46 are linked.
- Human dystrophin protein produced by skipping a predetermined exon is also included in the repair type dystrophin protein, but is not limited thereto.
- the repairable dystrophin protein is produced can be confirmed, for example, by detecting the mRNA encoding the repairable dystrophin protein in the cell by PCR.
- Western blotting may be performed using an antibody that recognizes the dystrophin protein, and the molecular weight of the dystrophin protein may be confirmed.
- the target sequence is the base sequence of the locus containing the myostatin gene. More specifically, the target sequence induces a frameshift mutation or a nonsense mutation of the myostatin gene by a modification (deletion or insertion) to the base sequence thereof, thereby eliminating or attenuating the function of the myostatin protein. It is a nucleotide sequence that can induce hypertrophy.
- the guide RNA is preferably a nucleotide analogue as described herein.
- a nucleotide analogue a sugar moiety-modified nucleotide and a phosphodiester bond-modified nucleotide are preferable, and more specifically, a substitution product of 2'-O-methylribose and a phosphodiester bond to a phosphorothioate bond is preferable.
- at least one base at each of the 3'and 5'ends of the sequence is preferably a nucleotide analogue, and at least two bases at each of the 3'and 5'ends of the sequence or every three bases is a nucleotide. More preferably, it is an analog.
- the guide RNA is a chimera RNA of crRNA and tracrRNA
- the guide RNA is in the form of one RNA (combination of two RNAs) in which crRNA and tracrRNA are not linked or a number of more RNAs
- at least 3′ of the sequence of each RNA it is preferable that one nucleotide at each of the both ends of 5'and 5'be a nucleotide analogue (for example, both ends at 3'and 5'of crRNA and both 3'and 5'ends of tracrRNA are referred to as nucleotide analogues.
- nucleotide analogues for example, both ends at 3'and 5'of crRNA and both 3'and 5'ends of tracrRNA are referred to as nucleotide analogues.
- RNA-induced endonuclease is a protein that contains at least one nuclease domain and at least one domain that interacts with gRNA, and is guided to a target site by forming a complex with gRNA.
- RNA-induced endonucleases can be derived from the CRISPR system.
- the CRISPR system can be a Type I, Type III, Type IV in Class 1 or a Type II, Type V, and Type VI system in Class 2.
- suitable CRISPR/Cas proteins include Cas3, Cas4, Cas5, Cas5e (or CasD), Cas6, Cas6e, Cas6f, Cas7, Cas8a1, Cas8a2, Cas8b, Cas8c, Cas9, Cas10, Cas10d, Cas12a (or Cpf1), Cas12b (or C2c1), Cas12c, Cas13a1 (or C2c2), Cas13a2, Cas13b, CasF, CasG, CasH, Csy1, Csy2, Csy3, Cse1 (or CasA, Cse, C2).
- the RNA-induced endonuclease is from a class 2 type II CRISPR system.
- the RNA-induced endonuclease is derived from the Cas9 protein.
- Cas9 protein is pyogenic Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes), Streptococcus thermophilus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus, Nocardiopsis rougei, Streptomyces pristina espilalis, Streptomyces viridorii.
- Ness Streptomyces viridochromogenes
- Streptosporangium roseum Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius
- Bacillus pseudomonadillos Bacillus serenityra serradica sifrangravitatincirans, Exiguicubiranicurium
- Lactobacillus delblicky Lactobacillus salivarius
- Geobacillus stearothermophilus Microsila marina, Burkholderia bacterium, Palolomonas naphthalenivorans, Palolomonas spp.
- micro-cis Sevilla aeruginosa (Microcystis aeruginosa), Synechococcus, Asetoharobiumu-Arabachikamu, Amonifekusu-Dejenshi (Ammonifex degensii), Cal di cellulose-Cyr-flops torr-Bekushi (Caldicellulosiruptor becscii), Campylobacter jejuni (Campylobacter jejuni), Campylobacter coli ( Campylobacter coli), Neisseria meningitides Candida dessulfordis, Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium daffirus, Finnergordia magna, Natranaerobius, Natranaerovius.
- Perotomaculum thermopropionikam Acidithiobacillus caldas, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Arochromatium vinosum, Malinobacter, Nitrosococcus halophilus, Nitrosococcus wasoni (Nitrosococcus wasroni) osococccus Watsoni), Pseudoarteromonas haloplanktis, Ktedonobacter racemifer, Methanohalobium estilumas al Pythharas al-Pyrus napus, alpinata russia alpina vulgaris var.
- Thermosipho africanus may originate from the genus, the genus Ringbia, the genus Microcholes xonoplastes, the genus Osilatoria, Petrotoga mobilis, the Thermosipho africanus, or the acariochloris marina.
- the RNA-induced endonuclease is derived from the class 2 type V CRISPR-Cas12a/Cpf1 system.
- the RNA-induced endonuclease is derived from the Cpf1 protein.
- the Cpf1 protein may be derived from Acidaminococcus, Lachnospiraceae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, or Francisella novicida.
- the CRISPR/Cas protein can be a wild-type CRISPR/Cas protein, a modified CRISPR/Cas protein, or a fragment of a wild-type or modified CRISPR/Cas protein.
- CRISPR/Cas proteins may be modified to increase nucleic acid binding affinity and/or specificity, alter enzymatic activity, or alter other properties of the protein.
- the RNA-induced nuclease may be Cas nuclease or Cas nickase.
- Cas nuclease or Cas nickase refers to an essential protein component in the CRISPR/Cas system, and when it forms a complex with two RNAs called CRISPR RNA (crRNA) and trans-activated crRNA (tracrRNA), It means an active endonuclease or nickase.
- crRNA CRISPR RNA
- tracrRNA trans-activated crRNA
- RNA CRISPR RNA
- tracrRNA trans-activated crRNA
- nickase refers to a DNA-cleaving enzyme that introduces a nick into only one DNA strand.
- Cas9 proteins contain at least two nuclease (ie, DNase) domains.
- the Cas9 protein can include a RuvC-like nuclease domain and an HNH-like nuclease domain.
- the RuvC and HNH domains work together to cut a single strand in order to cut a double strand in DNA (Jinek et al., Science, 337: 816-821).
- Cas9-derived proteins may be modified to contain only one functional nuclease domain, either a RuvC-like or HNH-like nuclease domain.
- a Cas9-derived protein may be modified such that one of the nuclease domains is deleted or mutated such that it is no longer functional (ie, no nuclease activity is present).
- the Cas9-derived protein can introduce a nick into the double-stranded nucleic acid, but it cannot cleave the double-stranded DNA.
- the conversion of aspartate to alanine in the RuvC-like domain (D10A) converts the Cas9-derived protein to nickase.
- the conversion of histidine to alanine (H840A or H839A) in the HNH domain converts the Cas9-derived protein to nickase.
- Each nuclease domain can be modified using well-known methods such as site-directed mutagenesis, PCR-mediated mutagenesis, and whole gene synthesis, and others known in the art.
- RNA-derived nucleases examples include Streptococcus sp. or Staphylococcus sp. Francisella novicida, Campylobacter jejuni nuclease, or Campylobacter nuclease. Can be used.
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa S. pyogenes
- Staphylococcus aureus S. aureus
- Cas9 nuclease or Cas9 nickase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa recognizes NGG or NAG trinucleotide as a PAM sequence.
- Cas9 is preferable as the RNA-induced nuclease.
- Cas9 is Cas9 (SpCas9) from S. pyogenes.
- SpCas9 those derived from various bacteria or archaea are known.
- SpCas9 for example, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-derived Cas9 (SaCas9), etc. having a desired nuclease activity Can be used.
- the amount of the molecule of interest used in the transduction method of the present invention may vary depending on the transduction conditions and purposes, and can be appropriately adjusted by those skilled in the art.
- the amount used when the molecule of interest is gRNA is usually 10 ng to 510 ng, preferably 16 ng to 255 ng, for 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells, and used when the molecule of interest is Cas9 protein.
- the amount is usually 60 ng to 3200 ng, preferably 100 ng to 1600 ng.
- the cell into which the molecule of interest is introduced by the transduction solution of the present invention is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- the target cells include mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, skin stem cells, tile cells, nerve cells, glial cells, pancreatic B cells, bone marrow cells, mesangial cells, Langerhans cells, epidermal cells, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibers.
- Blast cell fiber cell, muscle cell (eg, skeletal muscle cell, cardiomyocyte, myoblast, muscle satellite cell, smooth muscle cell), adipocyte, blood cell (eg, macrophage, T cell, B cell, natural killer cell) , Mast cells, white blood cells, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, megakaryocytes, hematopoietic stem cells), synovial cells, chondrocytes, osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, mammary cells, liver Cells, stromal cells, egg cells and sperm cells, progenitor cells capable of inducing differentiation into these cells, stem cells (including, for example, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), embryonic stem cells (ES cells)), primordial germ cells , Oocytes and fertilized eggs. These cells may be cancerous cells (cancer cells).
- stem cells including, for example, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), embryonic stem cells (ES cells)
- Target cells are derived when the transduction method of the present invention is performed in vitro (ex vivo) or in a culture environment (in vitro), or when the transduction method of the present invention is performed in vivo (in vivo)
- the tissue or organ in which cells are present is not particularly limited as long as it is a tissue or organ containing target cells.
- tissues or organs containing target cells include the brain, various parts of the brain (eg, olfactory bulb, squamous nucleus, basal sphere, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamic nucleus, cerebral cortex, medulla, cerebellum, occipital region Lobe, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, putamen, caudate, brain stain, substantia nigra), spinal cord, pituitary, stomach, pancreas, kidney, liver, gonad, thyroid, gallbladder, bone marrow, adrenal gland, skin, lung, digestion Duct (eg, large intestine, small intestine), blood vessel, heart, thymus, spleen, submandibular gland, peripheral blood, peripheral blood cell, prostate, placenta, uterus, bone, joint and muscle (eg, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, myocardium) ) And the like.
- the brain e
- the tissue or organ containing the target cells is muscle, brain, or each part of the brain. In a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tissue or organ containing the target cells is muscle. These tissues or organs may be cancerous tissues or organs (cancer tissues and the like).
- the target cell may be a human-derived cell or a non-human mammal (non-human mammal)-derived cell.
- non-human mammals include mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, cats, pigs, cows, horses, sheep, and non-human primates (non-human primates, eg, cynomolgus monkey, rhesus monkey, chimpanzee). Is mentioned.
- the target cell is a muscle cell (eg, cardiomyocyte, skeletal muscle cell, muscle satellite cell), neural stem cell, neural cell, glial cell, fibroblast, mesenchymal stem cell, blood cell or iPS cells.
- the cells of interest are muscle cells, especially skeletal muscle cells or muscle satellite cells.
- the muscle cells are, for example, collected from humans (patients or healthy subjects) or other mammals (eg, non-human primates (eg, cynomolgus monkey, rhesus monkey, chimpanzee), disease model animals such as cow, pig, mouse, rat).
- Muscle cells present in a living body eg, in a living tissue such as a human
- a muscle cell line eg, a muscle cell differentiated from a stem cell (eg, iPS cell, ES cell) Be done.
- the mode of contacting cells with molecule of interest and solution for transduction is not particularly limited, A variety of modalities can be selected that can efficiently introduce the molecule of interest into the cell.
- the molecule of interest and the transduction solution are used as a medium (in the form of a solution in which they are premixed).
- the target molecule and the transducing solution can be brought into contact with the cells by culturing the cells of interest in the medium.
- a conventionally known medium suitable for culturing a cell population containing target cells can be used.
- IMEM ImprovedMEM
- IMDM ImprovedMDM
- DMEM medium High glucose, Low glucose
- DMEM/F12 medium DMEM/F12 medium
- ham medium RPMI1640 medium
- Fischer's medium StemFit AK02N
- Primate ES Cell Medium and a mixed medium thereof are used.
- Those skilled in the art can appropriately set the type and amount of the medium according to the cells and
- the medium contains, as necessary, essential or non-essential amino acids, GlutaMAX (product name), vitamins, antibiotics (eg penicillin, streptomycin, or a mixture thereof), antibacterial agents (eg amphotericin B), antioxidants.
- Additives such as pyruvic acid, buffers, and inorganic salts may be added. Those skilled in the art can appropriately set the types and amounts of additives to be used according to cells and culture conditions.
- the time (period) of the step is not particularly limited, and is suitable for achieving the desired transfection efficiency. However, it is usually 10 minutes to 180 minutes, preferably 15 minutes to 60 minutes. Those skilled in the art can appropriately adjust various culture conditions other than the period (hour), such as temperature and atmosphere (carbon dioxide concentration).
- the molecule of interest is mixed with the transduction solution, and intravenous injection, intraarterial injection, intramuscular injection, subcutaneous injection, intraperitoneal injection, etc.
- the transduction solution used in such an embodiment includes, in addition to the components (A1) to (A5) and (B), an additive that is pharmaceutically acceptable as an injection, such as physiological saline or buffered physiological saline. It may contain saline, water for injection, stabilizers, solubilizers, surfactants, buffers, preservatives, isotonicity agents, fillers, lubricants, thickeners and the like.
- the transduction method comprises the step of modifying the dystrophin gene by the CRISPR system in muscle cells, in other words to produce cells in which the dystrophin gene is modified by the CRISPR system, or the dystrophin gene. Is used to produce a repaired dystrophin protein.
- the method for producing a cell of the present invention comprises at least a step of contacting a cell with a molecule of interest and a transducing solution (contact step), and if necessary, a cell transduced with a molecule of interest is produced. Other steps relating to doing may be included. Further, the cell production method of the present invention uses the predetermined transduction solution described in the present specification to introduce a molecule of interest into cells, but other technical matters are basically It can be based on a method for producing cells into which a molecule of interest is introduced using a solution.
- the contact step included in the cell production method of the present invention is the same as the contact step described herein in relation to the transduction method of the present invention.
- steps relating to the production of cells transduced with the molecule of interest are, for example, (a) performed after the contact step, The step of selecting cells into which the molecule of interest has been introduced, and the step of inducing differentiation of target cells from pluripotent stem cells such as iPS cells or other stem cells, which are performed before the contacting step (b) are included.
- the selection of the cells into which the molecule of interest has been introduced in the above step (a) can be performed using a known method.
- the molecule of interest is for the CRISPR system (typically a complex of gRNA and Cas9 protein)
- the molecule of interest is confirmed by PCR and sequence confirmation of the nucleotide sequence or by confirmation of the expressed protein by electrophoresis. It is possible to select cells into which is introduced and the desired gene is modified.
- a drug resistance gene, a gene encoding a fluorescent protein, or other positive selection marker gene or negative selection marker gene is introduced into a cell together with the molecule of interest, and a treatment corresponding to each gene is performed (for example, drug resistance gene Is added to the medium, or light with an excitation wavelength corresponding to the fluorescent protein is irradiated, and the fluorescence emitted by the irradiation is detected with a fluorescence microscope, cell sorter, etc., or the protein produced by the gene is recognized.
- Cells to which the molecule of interest has been introduced can be selected by adding the antibody to be added, and labeling the bound antibody with fluorescence to detect the emitted fluorescence with a fluorescence microscope, cell sorter, or the like).
- induction of differentiation of pluripotent stem cells such as iPS cells or other stem cells into target cells can be performed using a known method.
- a method for inducing differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into target cells the method reported by LaflammeMA et al. can be mentioned (LaflammeMA & MurryCE, Nature 2011, Review).
- the target cell is obtained by such differentiation induction, the cell population containing the target cell may be an embryoid body.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention will be described.
- treatment method for example, human or other animals To a method including the step of administering an effective amount of a transducing solution and a molecule of interest.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises the transduction solution of the present invention and the molecule of interest. Details of the “transduction solution” and the “molecule of interest”, preferred embodiments, and the like are as described elsewhere in the present specification.
- compositions of the present invention depends on the molecule of interest contained therein. Depending on the choice of the molecule of interest, it is possible to prepare pharmaceutical compositions with different uses.
- the pharmaceutical composition is a preventive/therapeutic drug for dystrophin abnormalities or a repair type dystrophin protein producing drug.
- the molecule of interest targets a base sequence of a locus containing a strophin gene, and an element constituting a CRISPR system for modifying the base sequence, for example, a gRNA targeting a predetermined base sequence.
- a Cas protein a Cas protein.
- the dosage form of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the application.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is prepared as an injection such as intravenous injection, intraarterial injection, intramuscular injection, subcutaneous injection and intraperitoneal injection. be able to.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may further contain substances such as pharmaceutically acceptable additives in addition to the transduction solution and the molecule of interest, depending on the dosage form.
- the amount or concentration of the active ingredient (molecule of interest) in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is such that the dosage form, the route of administration, the route of administration such that an effective amount of the active ingredient for the desired prophylactic or therapeutic effect can be delivered to the desired cells.
- the dose can be adjusted appropriately, taking into consideration the dose per administration, the number of administrations within a certain period, and the like.
- Nucleotide sequences of crRNA and gRNA MmDmdEx51 crRNA (GeneDesign, Inc): SEQ ID NO: 1 5'- mC*mA*mC*UAGAGUAACAGUCUGACGUUUUAGAGCUAUGCUGUmU*mU*mU*G -3' (MN:2'-O methyl RNA modification, *: Phosphorothioate modification) tracrRNA (GeneDesign, Inc): SEQ ID NO: 2 5'- mC*mA*mA*AACAGCAUAGCAAGUUAAAAUAAGGCUAGUCCGUUAUCAACUUGAAAAAGUGGCACCGAGUCGmG*mU*mG*C -3' (MN:2'-O methyl RNA modification, *: Phosphorothioate modification) MmDmd Ex51 gRNA#1 (mod): SEQ ID NO: 3 5'- mU*mC*mA*CUAGAGUAACAGUCUGACGUU
- EGFP-SSA assay Abbreviation for EGFP-single strand annealing assay.
- the reporter cassette of FIG. 1 is inserted in the EGFP reporter cell, and the MmDMD-Ex51 sequence is inserted in the middle of this EGFP sequence.
- the EGFP protein is not translated due to the presence of this MmDMD-Ex51 sequence and the disruption of the EGFP ORF.
- the Cas9 protein/gRNA complex cleaves the target sequence of MmDMD-Ex51, the upstream (EG site) and downstream (FP site) of EGFP ORF undergo single-stranded annealing via the homologous region, resulting in full-length annealing.
- the EGFP ORF appears and the EGFP protein is produced.
- the EGFP-SSA assay predicts the intracellular delivery of Cas9 protein/gRNA complex by examining the ratio of the number of EGFP-producing cells.
- ⁇ Preparation of reagents, preparation of reaction liquid and administration liquid> Lysis buffer Final concentration of 1x TBS, 20 mM imidazole, 0.005 U/ ⁇ L SEM nuclease, 1 mM DTT, 0.5 mM EDTA 2Na, 1 mM magnesium chloride to give a final concentration of 20 mL of 10 x TBS and 0.002 U of 500 U/ ⁇ L SEM nuclease.
- mL, 0.5 M EDTA solution 0.2 mL, 1 M magnesium chloride aqueous solution 0.2 mL, DTT 30.85 mg, imidazole 272.308 mg were added and dissolved in milliQ water, and then diluted to 200 mL.
- Six tablets of Complete EDTA free were added and stirred, and then filter sterilized using a pore size 0.22 ⁇ m filter.
- GF buffer 20 mL of 1 M HEPES solution, 11.182 g of potassium chloride, and 154.25 mg of DTT were added so that the final concentrations were 20 mM HEPES, 150 mM potassium chloride, and 1 mM DTT (pH 7.5), and the mixture was dissolved in milliQ water. After adjusting to pH 7.5, the volume was raised to 1000 mL and filter sterilized using a pore size 0.22 ⁇ m filter.
- C2C12 mouse striated muscle cell
- D-MEM High Glucose
- Phenol Red medium 10% FBS (volume/volume).
- Table 1 shows the suppliers of the compounds and the final concentrations of the stock compounds. Each compound was weighed, dissolved in UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Water so that the final concentration shown in Table 1 was obtained, and filter sterilized using a 0.22 ⁇ m filter to obtain a stock compound solution.
- Reaction solution 1 Final concentration 8 ng/ ⁇ L Cas9 protein, 0.68 ng/ ⁇ L tracr RNA, 0.59 ng/ ⁇ L MmDmd Ex51 crRNA, 1 mM HEPES, 550 mM sodium chloride, 250 mM Compound so that Cas9 protein 0.4 ⁇ g, tracrRNA 34.18 ng, MmDmd Ex51 crRNA 29.48 ng, 1 M HEPES buffer 0.05 ⁇ L, and 5 M sodium chloride aqueous solution 5.5 ⁇ L were mixed, and the liquid volume was adjusted to 37.5 ⁇ L with UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Water.
- the stock compound solution is 0.4 mM, 0.6 mM, 1.36 mM, 2.76 mM, 4 mM, 5.52 mM, 20 mM, 25.5 mM, 40 mM with UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Water. , 80 mM, 160 mM, 240 mM, 320 mM, 400 mM, 500 mM, 800 mM, 2000 mM.
- Reaction solution 2 Final concentration 8 ng/ ⁇ L Cas9 protein, 0.68 ng/ ⁇ L tracr RNA, 0.59 ng/ ⁇ L MmDmd Ex51 crRNA, 50 mM HEPES, 485 mM sodium chloride, 250 mM Compound so that Cas9 protein 0.4 ⁇ g, tracrRNA 34.18 ng, MmDmd Ex51 crRNA 29.48 ng, 1 M HEPES buffer 2.5 ⁇ L, and 5 M sodium chloride aqueous solution 4.85 ⁇ L were mixed, and the liquid volume was adjusted to 37.5 ⁇ L with UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Water.
- iTOP-1250 buffer According to Patent Document 2, iTOP-1250 buffer was produced.
- final concentration is 200 mM GABA, 50 mM NDSB-201, 15 mM glycine, 30 mM glycerol, 425 mM sodium chloride, 0.75 x glutamine, 0.75 x Non-Essential amino Acids, 0.75 x N-2 supplement, 0.75 x B-27 supplement, 100 ng/ ⁇ L FGF2, 100 ng/ ⁇ L EGF, 8 ng/ ⁇ L Cas9 protein, 0.68 ng/ ⁇ L tracrRNA, 0.59 ng/ ⁇ L MmDmd Ex51 crRNA The mixture was added and incubated at room temperature for 15 minutes.
- Non-Patent Document 1 was referred to in the preparation.
- iTOP-1250 buffer contains 60% Opti-MEM.
- Reaction solution 3-1 Final concentration 8 ng/ ⁇ L Cas9 protein, 0.68 ng/ ⁇ L tracr RNA, 0.59 ng/ ⁇ L MmDmd Ex51 crRNA, 50 mM HEPES, 250 mM GABA, 367 mM Sodium chloride, Cas9 protein 2.0 ⁇ g, tracrRNA 170.9 ng, 147.4 ng of MmDmd Ex51 crRNA, 12.5 ⁇ L of 1 M HEPES buffer, 18.35 ⁇ L of 5 M sodium chloride aqueous solution and 62.5 ⁇ L of 1 M GABA aqueous solution were mixed, and the volume was adjusted to 250 ⁇ L with UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Water. Incubated at room temperature for 15 minutes. In the case of 485 mM sodium chloride, the amount of 5 M sodium chloride aqueous solution added was changed to 24.25 ⁇ L, and in the case of 550 mM sodium chloride, it was changed to 27.5 ⁇ L.
- Reaction solution 3-2 Final concentration 8 ng/ ⁇ L Cas9 protein, 0.68 ng/ ⁇ L tracr RNA, 0.59 ng/ ⁇ L MmDmd Ex51 crRNA, 50 mM HEPES, 250 mM GABA, 367 mM Cas9 protein 2.0 ⁇ g, tracrRNA 170.9 ng, MmDmd Ex51 crRNA 147.4 ng, 1 M HEPES buffer 12.5 ⁇ L, 1 M potassium chloride aqueous solution 91.75 ⁇ L, and 1 M GABA aqueous solution 62.5 ⁇ L were mixed, and the liquid volume was adjusted to 250 ⁇ L with UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Water. Incubated at room temperature for 15 minutes.
- Reaction solution 3-3 Final concentration 8 ng/ ⁇ L Cas9 protein, 0.68 ng/ ⁇ L tracr RNA, 0.59 ng/ ⁇ L MmDmd Ex51 crRNA, 50 mM HEPES, 250 mM GABA, 367 mM Magnesium chloride Cas9 protein 2.0 ⁇ g, tracrRNA 170.9 ng, MmDmd Ex51 crRNA 147.4 ng, 1 M HEPES buffer 12.5 ⁇ L, 1 M magnesium chloride aqueous solution 91.75 ⁇ L, and 1 M GABA aqueous solution 62.5 ⁇ L were mixed, and the volume was adjusted to 250 ⁇ L with UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Water. Incubated at room temperature for 15 minutes. The amount of 1 M magnesium chloride solution added was changed to 80.75 ⁇ L for 323 mM magnesium chloride, 121.25 ⁇ L for 485 mM magnesium chloride, and 137.5 ⁇ L for 550 mM magnesium chloride.
- Reaction solution 3-4 Cas9 protein 2.0 ⁇ g, tracr RNA 170.9 ng to a final concentration of 8 ng/ ⁇ L Cas9 protein, 0.68 ng/ ⁇ L tracrRNA, 0.59 ng/ ⁇ L MmDmd Ex51 crRNA, 50 mM HEPES, 250 mM GABA, 485 mM magnesium aspartate , MmDmd Ex51 crRNA 147.4 ng, 1 M HEPES buffer 12.5 ⁇ L, 1 M magnesium aspartate aqueous solution 121.25 ⁇ L, 1 M GABA aqueous solution 62.5 ⁇ L were mixed, and the volume was adjusted to 250 ⁇ L with UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Water. . Incubated at room temperature for 15 minutes. In the case of 550 mM magnesium aspartate, the amount of 1 M magnesium aspartate aqueous solution added was changed to 137.5 ⁇ L.
- Reaction solution 3-5 Final concentration 8 ng/ ⁇ L Cas9 protein, 0.68 ng/ ⁇ L tracr RNA, 0.59 ng/ ⁇ L MmDmd Ex51 crRNA, 50 mM HEPES, 250 mM GABA, 395.8 mM sodium chloride, 45.2 mM magnesium chloride, 21.4 mM potassium chloride , Cas9 protein 2.0 ⁇ g, tracrRNA 170.9 ng, MmDmd Ex51 crRNA 147.4 ng, 1 M HEPES buffer 12.5 ⁇ L, 5 M sodium chloride aqueous solution 19.8 ⁇ L, 1 M magnesium chloride aqueous solution 11.3 ⁇ L, 1 M potassium chloride aqueous solution 5.4 ⁇ L, 1 M GABA 62.5 ⁇ L of the aqueous solution was mixed, and the liquid volume was adjusted to 250 ⁇ L with UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Water. Incubated at room temperature for 15 minutes.
- Reaction solution 3-6 Final concentration 8 ng/ ⁇ L Cas9 protein, 0.68 ng/ ⁇ L tracrRNA, 0.59 ng/ ⁇ L MmDmd Ex51 crRNA, 50 mM HEPES, 250 mM GABA, 447.4 mM sodium chloride, 51.1 mM magnesium chloride, 24.2 mM potassium chloride, Cas9 protein 2.0 ⁇ g, tracrRNA 170.9 ng, MmDmd Ex51 crRNA 147.4 ng, 1 M HEPES buffer 12.5 ⁇ L, 5 M sodium chloride aqueous solution 22.4 ⁇ L, 1 M magnesium chloride aqueous solution 12.8 ⁇ L, 1 M potassium chloride aqueous solution 6.1 ⁇ L, 1 M GABA aqueous solution 62.5 ⁇ L was mixed, and the liquid volume was adjusted to 250 ⁇ L with UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Water. Incubated at room temperature for 15 minutes.
- Reaction solution 4 Final concentration 16 ng/ ⁇ L Cas9 protein, 4 ng/ ⁇ L MmDmd Ex51 gRNA, 1 mM HEPES, 550 mM sodium chloride, 250 mM Compound Cas9 protein 800 ng, MmDmd Ex51 gRNA 200 ng, 1 M HEPES buffer 0.05 ⁇ L and 5.5 ⁇ L of 5 M sodium chloride aqueous solution were mixed, and the liquid volume was adjusted to 25 ⁇ L with UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Water. A predetermined amount of a compound stock solution was added to this solution so that the final concentration was 250 mM, and the mixture was incubated at room temperature for 15 minutes. When the final concentration of sodium chloride was 150 mM and 350 mM, 1.5 ⁇ L and 3.5 ⁇ L of 5M sodium chloride aqueous solution were added.
- Reaction solution 5 Final concentration 1 mg/mL Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, average mol wt 70,000 (FITC-Dextran), 1 mM HEPES, 550 mM sodium chloride, 250 mM Compound to 100 mg/mL FITC-Dextran 2.5 ⁇ L, 1 M HEPES buffer 0.25 ⁇ L and 5 M sodium chloride aqueous solution 27.5 ⁇ L were mixed, and the liquid volume was adjusted to 250 ⁇ L with UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Water. A predetermined amount of a compound stock solution was added to this solution so as to have a final concentration to prepare a reaction solution.
- Dosing liquid 1 Final concentration 400 ng/ ⁇ L Cas9 protein, 100 ng/ ⁇ L mRosa26 gRNA, 533 mM sodium chloride, 250 mM 2′-deoxycytidine aqueous solution, Cas9 protein 20 ⁇ g, mRosa26 gRNA 5 ⁇ g, 10 ⁇ PBS 5 ⁇ L, After mixing 6.25 ⁇ L of 2.0M 2'-deoxycytidine aqueous solution and adjusting the concentration to 533 mM using 5 M aqueous sodium chloride solution, adjust the volume to 50 ⁇ L with UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Water and keep at room temperature for 15 minutes. Incubated.
- the amount of 5M sodium chloride added was appropriately adjusted according to the final concentrations of 163 mM, 233 mM, 333 mM, and 433 mM.
- 250 mM sodium chloride was used for buffer substitution using Amicon (R) Ultra 2 mL Centrifugal Filters.
- Dosing liquid 2 Final concentration of 800 ng/ ⁇ L Cas9 protein, 200 ng/ ⁇ L mRosa26 gRNA, 533 mM sodium chloride, 250 mM compound Cas9 protein 40 ⁇ g, mRosa26 gRNA 10 ⁇ g, 10 ⁇ PBS 5 ⁇ L, 500 M compound stock solution After mixing 25 ⁇ L and adjusting the concentration to 533 mM using 5 M sodium chloride aqueous solution, the volume was adjusted to 50 ⁇ L with UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Water and incubated at room temperature for 15 minutes. When the final concentration was 25 mM compound, 2.5 ⁇ L of 500 mM compound stock solution was added. The Cas9 protein used was the one in which buffer was replaced with 500 mM sodium chloride using Amicon (R) Ultra 2 mL Centrifugal Filters.
- Dosing solution 3 Final concentration 2400 ng/ ⁇ L Cas9 protein, 300 ng/ ⁇ L hDMD Ex45#1 gRNA, 300 ng/ ⁇ L hDMD Ex45#23 gRNA, 158 mM sodium chloride, 25 mM or 250 mM Cas9 protein 120 ⁇ g, hDMD Ex45#1 gRNA 15 ⁇ g, hDMD Ex45#23 gRNA 15 ⁇ g, 10 ⁇ PBS 25 ⁇ L were mixed, 500 mM compound stock solution was added to 25 mM or 250 mM, and the solution was diluted with UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Water. The volume was adjusted to 250 ⁇ L and incubated at room temperature for 15 minutes. As the Cas9 protein used, 250 mM sodium chloride was used for buffer substitution using Amicon (R) Ultra 2 mL Centrifugal Filters.
- EGFP-SSA reporter cell line was established.
- C2C12 cells were transfected with the plasmid containing the reporter cassette of EF1 ⁇ -EGxxFP-MmDMD-Ex51 by the electroporation method (NEPA21 transfection system) (FIG. 1).
- NEPA21 transfection system NEPA21 transfection system
- 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells were used, and the electroporation was performed under the conditions of 200 V and 5 ms pouring pulse. After that, puromycin was added to the medium at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, and cells containing the reporter cassette of EF1 ⁇ -EGxxFP-MmDMD-Ex51 were selected. ) And collected (Fig. 2).
- a protein expression plasmid containing the gene of interest was constructed with reference to pMJ806 in the following paper (Jinek, et al. 2012). Specifically, a vector was constructed that expresses a 6 ⁇ His tag sequence, an MBP sequence, a TEV protease cleavage sequence and two SV40-derived nuclear translocation (NLS) sequences in the S. pyogenes Cas9 gene (FIG. 3). This vector was transformed into E. coli strain BL21(DE3) competent cells to overexpress the protein. Transformation was performed according to the manufacturer's protocol. See (Jinek, et al. 2012) for culture and purification protocols.
- the transformant was shake-cultured in an LB medium containing 0.1 mg/mL sodium ampicillin at 37° C. overnight, and the culture solution was added to 2 ⁇ YT medium and shake-cultured at 37° C. until OD 0.6. After IPTG was added and the mixture was allowed to stand on ice for 30 minutes, it was further cultured by shaking at 16°C for 18 hours, and the cells obtained by centrifugation were lysed with Lysis buffer. Lysates were clarified by centrifugation, loaded onto Ni-NTA Superflow Cartridges, and His-tagged Cas9 protein was eluted with an imidazole gradient according to the manufacturer's protocol (Ni-NTA Superflow Cartridge Handbook).
- EGFP-SSA Assay EGFP reporter cells were seeded in a corresponding medium at 1 ⁇ 10 4 /well on a 96 well plate, and cultured at 37° C. in 5% CO 2 for 24 hours. After washing with 100 ⁇ L/well of PBS, reaction solution 1 or reaction solution 2 was added at 50 ⁇ L/well and incubated at 37° C. for 30 minutes in 5% CO 2 . Then, the cells were replaced with 100 ⁇ L/well of C2C12 cell culture medium and cultured at 37° C. for 48 hours in 5% CO 2 .
- HOECHST (registered trademark) 33342 was exchanged with a C2C12 cell culture medium containing 1/2000 amount of the culture medium, cultured at 5% CO 2 and 37° C.
- EGFP positive rate (%) (number of EGFP positive cells / number of HOECHST detection) ⁇ 100
- mice Female human DMD exon 45 heteroknock-in mice were obtained by in vitro fertilization of chimeric mice and female C57BL/6J mice. Then, 100 ng/ ⁇ L of Cas9 mRNA (TriLink BioTechnologies) was added to fertilized eggs of male C57BL/6J mouse and female human DMD exon 45 heteroknockin mouse, and two kinds of mouse Dmd exon 44 knockout sgRNA (target sequence; SEQ ID NO: 9).
- Cas9 mRNA TriLink BioTechnologies
- SEQ ID NO: 10 SEQ ID NO: 10
- FASMAC FASMAC
- ssODN 50 ng/ ⁇ L SEQ ID NO: 11, Eurofin Genomics Co., Ltd.
- DMD exon 45 knock-in-mouse Dmd exon 44 knock-out mice were selected.
- Sequence number 7 5'- ATGAATGTGCCTACATATGG -3' Sequence number 8 5'- CATAGCATGCATTTGGCTTC -3' SEQ ID NO: 9 5'- GAATGAGGTAGTGTTGTAGG -3' SEQ ID NO: 10 5'- GCAGGAAATCATCTTATAGC -3' SEQ ID NO: 11 5'- GAGCAAGCTGGGTTAGAACAAAGGTCTGTCAGAGTCAGCATGGGAATGAGGTAGTGTTGTAGCAGGAAATAGTGTGGTTTAGGTCTCTCCCCGCCCCCTCTGTGTATGTGTGTGTGTT -3'
- Genomic DNA was extracted and purified from frozen muscle tissue using QIAamp Fast DNA Tissue Kit (Qiagen), and PCR (Forward primer; SEQ ID NO: 12, Reverse primer) was performed using PrimeSTAR GXL DNA polymerase (TAKARA); It was The PCR product was purified by the QIAquick PCR purification kit (QIAGEN), treated with T7 Endonuclease I (NEB), and then analyzed using the Agilent 4200 TapeStation (Agilent). Using the obtained numerical value, the mutagenesis efficiency was calculated by the following calculation formula (Equation 1).
- SEQ ID NO: 12 5'- CTCCGAGGCGGATCACAAGCAATAATAACCTGTAG -3'
- SEQ ID NO: 13 5'- TGCAAGCACGTTTCCGACTTGAGTTGCCTCAAGAG -3'
- Example 1 According to the following procedure, a transducing solution containing various compounds (A1) to (A5) and a salt (B) was prepared, and a complex of gRNA and Cas9 protein was further dissolved in the solution. In vitro contact with mouse myoblasts (C2C12 cells) was performed to evaluate target gene cleavage activity and cell viability.
- Table 2 shows the EGFP positive rate and the number of HOECHST cells at the concentrations indicated by the arrows in FIGS. 4-1 and 4-2, and the positive control EGFP positive rate and HOECHST cells set on the same plate as the corresponding compound. The numbers are listed. The relative activity of each compound was calculated by the formulas (1) and (2) below, and the graph of FIG. 5 was prepared.
- EGFP positive rate (GABA relative ratio) EGFP positive rate (%) at the indicated concentration of the compound / EGFP positive rate (%) of the same plate positive control (1)
- HOECHST detection number GABA relative ratio
- Compounds that had an EGFP positive rate (transduction efficiency) 1.2 times higher than GABA were 4-hydroxyproline, N-carbamyl-L-aspartic acid, 1-methyl-L-histidine, 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid. 1,3-butylene glycol, 2-hydroxyglutaric acid, 1,3-dimethylurea, creatinine, miglitol, ⁇ -D-glucose-1-phosphate, disodium argininosuccinate hydrate, L-carnosine, It was cytidine, sodium 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate, and inosine 5'-disodium phosphate hydrate.
- Example 2 Activity comparison of transduction compound with iTOP-1250 The intracellular transfection efficiency of Cas9 protein/gRNA complex for each compound was evaluated by EGFP-SSA assay.
- EGFP reporter cells were seeded at 1 ⁇ 10 4 /well on a 96 well plate, and the next day, 50 ⁇ L of the reaction solution was added and incubated at 37° C. for 30 minutes in 5% CO 2 .
- a well prepared by adding 50 ⁇ L of iTOP-1250 and incubating was prepared. Subsequent operations followed the EGFP-SSA assay method. The compound was prepared by diluting the stock compound solution with UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Water so that the final concentration shown in Table 2 was obtained.
- Compounds whose EGFP positive rate was 1.2 times higher than iTOP-1250 were N-carbamyl-L-aspartic acid, sodium 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate, 2-hydroxyglutaric acid, disodium argininosuccinate hydrate, 2'-deoxycytidine, inosine 5'-disodium phosphate hydrate, 1-deoxynojirimycin, 2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate, L-carnosine, ⁇ -D-glucose 1- They were phosphoric acid, creatinine, (R)-pantolactone, trimetadione, and 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid.
- Example 3 The intracellular introduction efficiency of the Cas9 protein/gRNA complex in the salt of (B) was evaluated by the EGFP-SSA assay.
- EGFP reporter cells were seeded at 1 ⁇ 10 4 /well on a 96 well plate, and the next day, 50 ⁇ L of reaction solution 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, 3-5, or 3-6 was added. Added and incubated at 37°C with 5% CO 2 for 30 minutes. Similarly, a well prepared by adding 50 ⁇ L of iTOP-1250 and incubating was prepared. Subsequent operations followed the EGFP-SSA assay method. The detected number of HOECHST and the EGFP positive cell rate thus obtained are shown in FIG. 7.
- Reaction solution 3-1 for sodium chloride, reaction solution 3-2 for potassium chloride, reaction solution 3-3 for magnesium chloride, reaction solution 3-4 for magnesium aspartate, low concentration of mixed solution was used for the reaction solution 3-5, high concentration was used for the reaction solution 3-6, and iTOP-1250 was used for the iTOP-1250 buffer.
- Three wells were performed in the same plate, the average value was plotted, and the standard deviation was displayed with an error bar.
- the electrolyte concentration of the inorganic salt ions (Na + , Mg 2+ , K + , Cl - ) contained in the reaction solution was expressed in milliequivalents (mEq/L).
- the EGFP positive rate of each salt increased as the electrolyte concentration increased.
- the highest activity is the condition in which three kinds of salts of sodium chloride, potassium chloride and magnesium chloride are mixed, and the activity is higher than that of iTOP-1250. Also, sodium chloride and magnesium chloride had almost the same activity when compared at the same electrolyte concentration.
- Example 4 Intracellular introduction evaluation of Cas9/gRNA complex at each concentration of sodium chloride The intracellular introduction efficiency of Cas9 protein/gRNA complex for each compound at each concentration of sodium chloride in (B) was measured by the EGFP-SSA assay. It was evaluated by. EGFP reporter cells were seeded at 1 ⁇ 10 4 /well on a 96 well plate, 50 ⁇ L of the reaction solution 3-7 was added on the next day, and the mixture was incubated at 37° C. for 30 minutes in 5% CO 2 . Subsequent operations followed the EGFP-SSA assay method. The compound (A) was added to a final concentration of 250 mM.
- a well of 250 mM GABA and no compound (only H 2 O as a solvent) was prepared. It carried out by 3 well each in the same Plate, the average value of the EGFP positive rate was plotted, and the standard deviation was displayed as an error bar in FIG.
- the sodium chloride concentration was 150 mM to 550 mM
- the EGFP positive rate was less than 1% without the compound.
- GABA showed an EGFP positive rate of 1.4% at a sodium chloride concentration of 550 mM, but the positive rate was less than 1% at 150 mM and 350 mM.
- the compounds with an EGFP positive rate of more than 1% at a sodium chloride concentration of 150 mM are N-carbamyl-L-aspartic acid and 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid, and especially 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid EGFP.
- the positive rate was 2.2%, confirming higher activity than GABA.
- Compounds showing higher activity than GABA EGFP positive rate of 1.4% at 350 mM sodium chloride concentration are disodium argininosuccinate hydrate, N-carbamyl-L-aspartic acid, ⁇ -D-glucose 1- They were phosphoric acid, 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid, 2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate, and inosine 5'-disodium phosphate hydrate.
- all the compounds except 4-hydroxyproline showed higher activity than GABA.
- Example 5 Evaluation of DNA Mutagenesis Efficiency at Salt Concentration of (B) Using C57BC/6J Mouse Containing 2′-deoxycytidine which is the compound of (A3) and sodium chloride which is the salt of (B).
- a solution for transduction was prepared, and the solution in which the complex of mRosa26 gRNA and Cas9 protein was further dissolved was used as the administration solution of Example 5 (administration solution 1, see the above preparation).
- the administration liquid 1 was locally administered to the gastrocnemius muscle of the lower right leg of the mouse, and the target gene cleaving activity was evaluated.
- the administration liquid 1 was prepared so that the sodium chloride concentration was 163 mM, 233 mM, 333 mM, 433 mM or 533 mM.
- the administration liquid was administered once at 50 ⁇ L for 3 consecutive days, and the gastrocnemius muscle of the right lower limb was extracted 4 days after the final administration, and the T7E1 assay was performed. The result is shown in FIG. Genome editing was confirmed in normal mice at all salt concentrations.
- Example 6 Evaluation of DNA Mutagenesis Efficiency at Each Compound Concentration of (A) Using C57BC/6J Mouse Containing various compounds of (A1) to (A5) and sodium chloride which is a salt of (B)
- a solution for transduction was prepared, and the solution in which the complex of mRosa26 gRNA and Cas9 protein was further dissolved was used as the administration solution of Example 6 (administration solution 2, see the above preparation).
- the administration liquid 2 was locally administered to the gastrocnemius muscle of the lower right leg of the mouse to evaluate the target gene cleaving activity.
- the administration liquid 2 contains 2'-deoxycytidine, 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid, N-carbamyl-L-aspartic acid or 2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate as a compound, The final concentration was adjusted to 25 mM or 250 mM.
- the administration liquid 2 was administered once at 50 ⁇ L, and on the fourth day, the gastrocnemius muscle tissue of the right lower limb was extracted, and the T7E1 assay was performed. The result is shown in FIG. All compounds showed the same or higher genome editing efficiency as the control compound 250 mM GABA in normal mice. In particular, N-carbamyl-L-aspartic acid and 2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate gave statistically significant results as compared with GABA.
- Example 7 Human DMD exon 45 knock-in-mouse Dmd Exon 44 knockout mouse Exon skipping effect using h DMD Ex45#1 gRNA and hDMD Ex45#23 gRNA
- Administration liquid 3 contained 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid or N-carbamyl-L-aspartic acid as a compound, or GABA as a control compound, and was prepared so that the final concentration in the administration liquid was 25 mM or 250 mM. 50 ⁇ L of the administration liquid 3 was administered once, and the tibialis anterior tissue was extracted on the 7th day, and the exon skipping efficiency was measured. The result is shown in FIG. All compounds showed Exon Skipping activity of the target gene (dystrophin gene) higher than 250 mM GABA in hEx45KI-mdx44 mice. In particular, 25 mM N-carbamyl-L-aspartic acid gave statistically significant results as compared to 250 mM GABA.
- Example 8 Intracellular uptake test using dextran Intracellular uptake evaluation of C2C12 cells was performed using fluorescently labeled dextran (FITC-Dextran). The sodium chloride concentration is 550 mM, and the final concentration of the compound is 250 mM GABA (control), 125 mM N-carbamyl-L-aspartic acid, 250 mM 2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate. The reaction solution 5 containing each compound was added to the cells, and after 30 minutes, the medium was changed to incubation for 30 minutes or 90 minutes. The results are shown in FIG. By using the compound defined in the present invention in combination with a salt, intracellular penetration of the fluorescence-labeled dextran was promoted. According to the present invention, it was confirmed that not only proteins (Cas9) and nucleic acids (gRNA) but also high molecular compounds such as dextran can be delivered with high efficiency.
- FITC-Dextran fluorescently labeled dextran
- the transduction solution of the present invention and the transduction method of the present invention using the same enable highly efficient introduction of molecules of interest such as nucleic acids and proteins into various cells.
- molecules of interest such as nucleic acids and proteins
- a complex of gRNA and Cas protein used in the CRISPR system can be introduced into the cell with high efficiency by bringing the complex into contact with the transduction solution of the present invention to perform genome editing by the CRISPR system.
- the transduction method of the present invention enables efficient production of cells transduced with a molecule of interest such as nucleic acid and protein.
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Abstract
Description
核酸、タンパク質、またはこれらの複合体等を細胞内へ効率的にトランスフェクションするために、様々な細胞内デリバリーシステムが本領域において研究されている。
[1]
細胞と、関心対象分子および形質導入用溶液とを接触させる工程を含む、該細胞に該関心対象分子を形質導入するための方法であって、
前記形質導入用溶液は、下記(A1)~(A5)の少なくとも1つと、(B)塩とを含む、前記方法:
(A1)生体のタンパク質の構成ユニットとなるL-アミノ酸20種およびS-メチル-L-メチオニンを除く、下記一般式(I)で表される化合物またはその塩:
R1およびR2はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子またはCOR3を示し、
R0は、C1-6アルキル基を除く、置換基を有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基を有していてもよい生体のタンパク質の構成ユニットとなるアミノ酸を構成する側鎖を示し、
ただし、R0が水素原子の場合、R1はCOR3を示し、R2は水素原子を示し、
R3は、置換基(チオール基およびジスルフィド基を除く)を有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基(メチル基を除く)、またはNR4R5を示し、
R4およびR5はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子またはC1-4アルキル基を示す。]、
(A2)下記一般式(II)で表される化合物またはその塩:
R11は、水素原子、置換基を有していてもよいC1-4アルキル基またはCOR12を示し、
R12はC1-6アルキル基を示し、
Yは水素原子またはOR10を示し、
R6、R7、R8およびR10はそれぞれ独立して水素原子またはホスホン酸基を示し、
R9は水素原子、水酸基またはリン酸基を示し、
R10が水素原子のとき、OR6、OR7、OR8、R9のうち少なくとも1つはリン酸基である。]、
但し、一般式(II)で表される化合物には、水溶液中で一般式(II)と平衡関係にある鎖状構造を取っているものも含まれるものとする、
(A3)核酸塩基、ヌクレオシドまたはヌクレオチド、あるいはその塩、
(A4)リンゴ酸を除く、一般式(III)で表される化合物またはその塩:
Rx-CRyRzCOOH III
[式中、Rxは、C1-6アルキル基、置換されていてもよい水酸基、オキソ基およびカルボキシル基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種で置換されている直鎖状C2-4アルキル基を示し、
RyおよびRzは、それぞれ独立して水素原子または水酸基を示す(但し、少なくとも1つは水酸基である)か一緒になってオキソ基を示す。]、
(A5)クレアチニン、ヒドロキシプロリン、1,3-ブタンジオール、トリエンチン、D-セロビオース、1,3-ジメチルウレア、パントラクトンおよびトリメタジオンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種またはその塩。
[2]
(A1)がアルギニノコハク酸、1-メチル-L-ヒスチジン、パントテン酸、L-カルノシン、N-カルバミル-L-アスパラギン酸より選択される化合物またはその塩であり;
(A2)がミグリトール、2-デオキシ-D-グルコース-6-リン酸、α-D-グルコース1-リン酸、1-デオキシノジリマイシンより選択される化合物またはその塩であり;
(A3)がシトシン、シチジン、デオキシウリジン、デオキシシチジン、5’-イノシン酸より選択される化合物またはその塩であり;
(A4)が6-ホスホ-D-グルコン酸、3-メチル-2-オキソブタン酸、2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸より選択される化合物またはその塩であり;
(A5)がクレアチニン、ヒドロキシプロリン、1,3-ブタンジオール、1,3-ジメチルウレア、D-セロビオース、1,3-ジメチルウレア、パントラクトン、トリメタジオンより選択される化合物またはその塩である、項1に記載の方法。
[3]
(A1)~(A5)の少なくとも1つが、1-メチル-L-ヒスチジン、N-カルバミル-L-アスパラギン酸、デオキシシチジン、2-デオキシ-D-グルコース-6-リン酸、6-ホスホ-D-グルコン酸より選択される化合物またはその塩である、項1に記載の方法。
[4]
前記塩(B)が、塩化ナトリウム、塩化マグネシウムおよび塩化カリウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、項1に記載の方法。
[5]
前記関心対象分子が、タンパク質および/または核酸を含む、項1に記載の方法。
[6]
前記関心対象分子が、Casタンパク質および/またはgRNAを含む、項1に記載の方法。
[7]
前記細胞が生体内に存在する、項1に記載の方法。
[8]
前記細胞が、筋細胞である、項1に記載の方法。
[9]
細胞と、関心対象分子および形質導入用溶液とを接触させる工程を含む、該関心対象分子が形質導入された細胞の製造方法であって、
前記形質導入用溶液は、下記(A1)~(A5)の少なくとも1つと、(B)塩とを含む、前記製造方法:
(A1)生体のタンパク質の構成ユニットとなるL-アミノ酸20種およびS-メチル-L-メチオニンを除く、下記一般式(I)で表される化合物またはその塩:
R1およびR2はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子またはCOR3を示し、
R0は、C1-6アルキル基を除く、置換基を有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基を有していてもよい生体のタンパク質の構成ユニットとなるアミノ酸を構成する側鎖を示し、
ただし、R0が水素原子の場合、R1はCOR3を示し、R2は水素原子を示し、
R3は、置換基(チオール基およびジスルフィド基を除く)を有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基(メチル基を除く)、またはNR4R5を示し、
R4およびR5はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子またはC1-4アルキル基を示す。]、
(A2)下記一般式(II)で表される化合物またはその塩:
R11は、水素原子、置換基を有していてもよいC1-4アルキル基またはCOR12を示し、
R12はC1-6アルキル基を示し、
Yは水素原子またはOR10を示し、
R6、R7、R8およびR10はそれぞれ独立して水素原子またはホスホン酸基を示し、
R9は水素原子、水酸基またはリン酸基を示し、
R10が水素原子のとき、OR6、OR7、OR8、R9のうち少なくとも1つがリン酸基である。]、
但し、一般式(II)で表される化合物には、水溶液中で一般式(II)と平衡関係にある鎖状構造を取っているものも含まれるものとする、
(A3)核酸塩基、ヌクレオシドまたはヌクレオチド、あるいはその塩、
(A4)リンゴ酸を除く、一般式(III)で表される化合物またはその塩:
Rx-CRyRzCOOH III
[式中、Rxは、C1-6アルキル基、置換されていてもよい水酸基、オキソ基およびカルボキシル基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種で置換されている直鎖状C2-4アルキル基を示し、
RyおよびRzは、それぞれ独立して水素原子または水酸基を示す(但し、少なくとも1つは水酸基である)か一緒になってオキソ基を示す。]、
(A5)クレアチニン、ヒドロキシプロリン、1,3-ブタンジオール、トリエンチン、D-セロビオース、1,3-ジメチルウレア、パントラクトンおよびトリメタジオンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種またはその塩。
[10]
(A1)がアルギニノコハク酸、1-メチル-L-ヒスチジン、パントテン酸、L-カルノシン、N-カルバミル-L-アスパラギン酸より選択される化合物またはその塩であり;
(A2)がミグリトール、2-デオキシ-D-グルコース-6-リン酸、α-D-グルコース1-リン酸、1-デオキシノジリマイシンより選択される化合物またはその塩であり;
(A3)がシトシン、シチジン、デオキシウリジン、デオキシシチジン、5’-イノシン酸より選択される化合物またはその塩であり;
(A4)が6-ホスホ-D-グルコン酸、3-メチル-2-オキソブタン酸、2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸より選択される化合物またはその塩であり;
(A5)がクレアチニン、ヒドロキシプロリン、1,3-ブタンジオール、1,3-ジメチルウレア、D-セロビオース、1,3-ジメチルウレア、パントラクトン、トリメタジオンより選択される化合物またはその塩である、項9に記載の方法。
[11]
(A1)~(A5)の少なくとも1つが、1-メチル-L-ヒスチジン、N-カルバミル-L-アスパラギン酸、デオキシシチジン、2-デオキシ-D-グルコース-6-リン酸、6-ホスホ-D-グルコン酸より選択される化合物またはその塩である、項9に記載の方法。
[12]
前記塩(B)が、塩化ナトリウム、塩化マグネシウムおよび塩化カリウムからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、項9に記載の方法。
[13]
前記関心対象分子が、タンパク質および/または核酸を含む、項9に記載の方法。
[14]
前記関心対象分子が、Casタンパク質および/またはgRNAを含む、項9に記載の方法。
[15]
前記細胞が生体内に存在する、項9に記載の方法。
[16]
前記細胞が、筋細胞である、項9に記載の方法。
[17]
下記(A1)~(A5)の少なくとも1つと、(B)塩とを含む、形質導入用溶液:
(A1)生体のタンパク質の構成ユニットとなるL-アミノ酸20種およびS-メチル-L-メチオニンを除く、下記一般式(I)で表される化合物またはその塩:
R1およびR2はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子またはCOR3を示し、
R0は、C1-6アルキル基を除く、置換基を有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基を有していてもよい生体のタンパク質の構成ユニットとなるアミノ酸を構成する側鎖を示し、
ただし、R0が水素原子の場合、R1はCOR3を示し、R2は水素原子を示し、
R3は、置換基(チオール基およびジスルフィド基を除く)を有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基(メチル基を除く)、またはNR4R5を示し、
R4およびR5はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子またはC1-4アルキル基を示す。]、
(A2)下記一般式(II)で表される化合物またはその塩:
R11は、水素原子、置換基を有していてもよいC1-4アルキル基またはCOR12を示し、
R12はC1-6アルキル基を示し、
Yは水素原子またはOR10を示し、
R6、R7、R8およびR10はそれぞれ独立して水素原子またはホスホン酸基を示し、
R9は水素原子、水酸基またはリン酸基を示し、
R10が水素原子のとき、OR6、OR7、OR8、R9のうち少なくとも1つがリン酸基である。]、
但し、一般式(II)で表される化合物には、水溶液中で一般式(II)と平衡関係にある鎖状構造を取っているものも含まれるものとする、
(A3)核酸塩基、ヌクレオシドまたはヌクレオチド、あるいはその塩、
(A4)リンゴ酸を除く、一般式(III)で表される化合物またはその塩:
Rx-CRyRzCOOH III
[式中、Rxは、C1-6アルキル基、置換されていてもよい水酸基、オキソ基およびカルボキシル基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種で置換されている直鎖状C2-4アルキル基を示し、
RyおよびRzは、それぞれ独立して水素原子または水酸基を示す(但し、少なくとも1つは水酸基である)か一緒になってオキソ基を示す。]、
(A5)クレアチニン、ヒドロキシプロリン、1,3-ブタンジオール、トリエンチン、D-セロビオース、1,3-ジメチルウレア、パントラクトンおよびトリメタジオンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種またはその塩。
[18]
(A1)がアルギニノコハク酸、1-メチル-L-ヒスチジン、パントテン酸、L-カルノシン、N-カルバミル-L-アスパラギン酸より選択される化合物またはその塩であり;
(A2)がミグリトール、2-デオキシ-D-グルコース-6-リン酸、α-D-グルコース1-リン酸、1-デオキシノジリマイシンより選択される化合物またはその塩であり;
(A3)がシトシン、シチジン、デオキシウリジン、デオキシシチジン、5’-イノシン酸より選択される化合物またはその塩であり;
(A4)が6-ホスホ-D-グルコン酸、3-メチル-2-オキソブタン酸、2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸より選択される化合物またはその塩であり;
(A5)がクレアチニン、ヒドロキシプロリン、1,3-ブタンジオール、1,3-ジメチルウレア、D-セロビオース、1,3-ジメチルウレア、パントラクトン、トリメタジオンより選択される化合物またはその塩である、項17に記載の形質導入用溶液。
[19]
(A1)~(A5)の少なくとも1つが、1-メチル-L-ヒスチジン、N-カルバミル-L-アスパラギン酸、デオキシシチジン、2-デオキシ-D-グルコース-6-リン酸、6-ホスホ-D-グルコン酸より選択される化合物またはその塩である、項17に記載の形質導入用溶液。
[20]
前記塩(B)が、塩化ナトリウム、塩化マグネシウムおよび塩化カリウムからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、項17に記載の形質導入用溶液。
[21]
項17に記載の形質導入用溶液および関心対象分子を含む、医薬組成物。
[22]
前記関心対象分子が、タンパク質および/または核酸を含む、項21に記載の医薬組成物。
[23]
前記関心対象分子が、Casタンパク質および/またはgRNAを含む、項21に記載の医薬組成物。
「~からなる(consist(s) of又はconsisting of)」とは、その語句に続くあらゆる要素を包含し、かつ、これに限定されることを意味する。したがって、「~からなる」という語句は、列挙された要素が要求されるか又は必須であり、他の要素は実質的に存在しないことを示す。「~から本質的になる」とは、その語句に続く任意の要素を包含し、かつ、その要素について本開示で特定された活性又は作用に影響しない他の要素に限定されることを意味する。したがって、「~から本質的になる」という語句は、列挙された要素が要求されるか又は必須であるが、他の要素は任意選択であり、それらが列挙された要素の活性又は作用に影響を及ぼすかどうかに応じて、存在させる場合もあり、存在させない場合もあることを示す。
nは、0または1であり、
R1およびR2はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子またはCOR3を示し、
R0は、C1-6アルキル基を除く、置換基を有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基を有していてもよい生体のタンパク質の構成ユニットとなるアミノ酸を構成する側鎖を示し、
ただし、R0が水素原子の場合、R1はCOR3を示し、R2は水素原子を示し、
R3は、置換基(チオール基およびジスルフィド基を除く)を有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基(メチル基を除く)、またはNR4R5を示し、
R4およびR5はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子またはC1-4アルキル基を示す。
なお、R0の定義に係る「生体のタンパク質の構成ユニットとなるアミノ酸を構成する側鎖」には、ピロリンの一部を構成する、R0が結合している炭素原子およびR1が結合している窒素原子と一体となって形成される環(ピロリジン環)は含まれない。
nは、好ましくは0または1である。
R1は、好ましくは水素原子またはCOR3である。
R2は、好ましくは水素原子である。
R3は、好ましくは置換基(チオール基およびジスルフィド基を除く)を有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基(メチル基を除く)、またはNR4R5である。
R0は、好ましくは水素原子、または置換基を有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基を有していてもよい、アルギニン、ヒスチジン、アスパラギン酸、アスパラギン、グルタミン酸、グルタミン、リシン、フェニルアラニン、セリン、トレオニン、トリプトファン、チロシン、システインもしくはメチオニンを構成する側鎖である。
R4は、好ましくは水素原子またはC1-4アルキル基である。
R5は、好ましくは水素原子またはC1-4アルキル基である。
化合物(I-i):nが0または1であり、R1が水素原子またはCOR3であり、R2が水素原子であり、R3が置換基(チオール基およびジスルフィド基を除く)を有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基(メチル基を除く)であり、R0が水素原子、または置換基を有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基を有していてもよい、アルギニン、ヒスチジン、アスパラギン酸、アスパラギン、グルタミン酸、グルタミン、リシン、フェニルアラニン、セリン、トレオニン、トリプトファン、チロシン、システインもしくはメチオニンを構成する側鎖である化合物。
化合物(I-ii):nが0または1であり、R1がCOR3であり、R2が水素原子であり、R3が置換基(チオール基およびジスルフィド基を除く)を有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基(メチル基を除く)であり、R0が水素原子、または置換基を有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基を有していてもよい、アルギニン、ヒスチジン、アスパラギン酸、アスパラギン、グルタミン酸、グルタミン、リシン、フェニルアラニン、セリン、トレオニン、トリプトファン、チロシン、システインもしくはメチオニンを構成する側鎖である化合物。
化合物(I-iii):nが0または1であり、R1がCOR3であり、R2が水素原子であり、R3がNR4R5であり、R0が水素原子、または置換基を有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基を有していてもよい、アルギニン、ヒスチジン、アスパラギン酸、アスパラギン、グルタミン酸、グルタミン、リシン、フェニルアラニン、セリン、トレオニン、トリプトファン、チロシン、システインもしくはメチオニンを構成する側鎖であり、R4が水素原子であり、R5が水素原子である化合物。
化合物(I-a):nが0であり、R1が水素原子であり、R2が水素原子であり、R0が置換基を有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基を有していてもよいアルギニンを構成する側鎖である化合物、例えば、アルギニノコハク酸。
化合物(I-b):nが0であり、R1が水素原子であり、R2が水素原子であり、R0がC1-6アルキル基を有していてもよいヒスチジンを構成する側鎖である化合物、例えば、1-メチル-L-ヒスチジン。
化合物(I-c):nが1であり、R1がCOR3であり、R2が水素原子であり、R3がC1-6アルキル基または水酸基を有していてもよいプロピル基であり、R0が水素原子である化合物、例えば、パントテン酸。
化合物(I-d):nが0であり、R1がCOR3であり、R2が水素原子であり、R3がアミノ基を有していてもよいエチル基であり、R0がC1-6アルキル基を有していてもよいヒスチジンを構成する側鎖である化合物、例えば、L-カルノシン。
化合物(I-e):nが0であり、R1がCOR3であり、R2が水素原子であり、R3がNR4R5であり、R0がC1-6アルキル基を有していてもよいアスパラギン酸を構成する側鎖であり、R4が水素原子であり、R5が水素原子である化合物、例えば、N-カルバミル-L-アスパラギン酸(N-カルバモイル-L-アスパラギン酸と呼ばれることもある)。
本発明の他の一側面において、(A1)は、1-メチル-L-ヒスチジン、N-カルバミル-L-アスパラギン酸より選択される化合物またはその塩(水和物であってもよい。)であることが特に好ましい。
Xは酸素原子またはNR11を示し、
R11は、水素原子、置換基を有していてもよいC1-4アルキル基またはCOR12を示し、
R12はC1-6アルキル基を示し、
Yは水素原子またはOR10を示し、
R6、R7、R8およびR10はそれぞれ独立して水素原子またはホスホン酸基(-P(=O)(OH)2)を示し、
R9は水素原子、水酸基またはリン酸基(-O-P(=O)(OH)2)を示し、
R10が水素原子のとき、OR6、OR7、OR8、R9のうち少なくとも1つがリン酸基である。
但し、一般式(II)で表される化合物には、水溶液中で一般式(II)と平衡関係にある鎖状構造を取っているものも含まれるものとする。
Xは、好ましくは酸素原子またはNR11である。
Yは、好ましくは水素原子またはOR10である。
R11は、好ましくは水素原子または置換基を有していてもよいC1-4アルキル基である。
R6は、好ましくは水素原子またはホスホン酸基である。
R7は、好ましくは水素原子またはホスホン酸基である。
R8は、好ましくは水素原子またはホスホン酸基である。
R9は、好ましくは水素原子、水酸基またはリン酸基である。
R10は、好ましくは水素原子またはホスホン酸基である。
化合物(II-i):XがNR11であり、Yが水素原子であり、R6が水素原子またはホスホン酸基であり、R7が水素原子またはホスホン酸基であり、R8が水素原子またはホスホン酸基であり、R9が水酸基またはリン酸基であり、R10が水素原子またはホスホン酸基であり、R11が水素原子または置換基を有していてもよいC1-4アルキル基である化合物。
化合物(II-ii):Xが酸素原子であり、YがOR10であり、R6が水素原子またはホスホン酸基であり、R7が水素原子またはホスホン酸基であり、R8が水素原子またはホスホン酸基であり、R9が水素原子、水酸基またはリン酸基であり、R10が水素原子またはホスホン酸基である化合物。
化合物(II-a):XがNR11であり、Yが水素原子であり、R6が水素原子であり、R7が水素原子であり、R8が水素原子であり、R9が水酸基であり、R11が2-ヒドロキシエチル基である化合物、例えば、ミグリトール。
化合物(II-b):Xが酸素原子であり、YがOR10であり、R6がリン酸基であり、R7が水素原子であり、R8が水素原子であり、R9が水素原子であり、R10が水素原子である化合物、例えば、2-デオキシ-D-グルコース-6-リン酸。
化合物(II-c):Xが酸素原子であり、YがOR10であり、R6が水素原子であり、R7が水素原子であり、R8が水素原子であり、R9が水酸基であり、R10がホスホン酸基である化合物、例えば、α-D-グルコース1-リン酸。
化合物(II-d):XがNR11であり、Yが水素原子であり、R6が水素原子であり、R7が水素原子であり、R8が水素原子であり、R9が水酸基であり、R11が水素原子である化合物、例えば、1-デオキシノジリマイシン。
本発明の他の一側面において、(A2)は、2-デオキシ-D-グルコース-6-リン酸またはその塩(水和物であってもよい。)であることが特に好ましい。
核酸塩基:アデニン、グアニン、シトシン、チミン、ウラシルおよびヒポキサンチン。
ヌクレオシド:アデノシン、グアノシン、シチジン、ウリジン、5-メチルウリジン、デオキシアデノシン、デオキシグアノシン、デオキシシチジン、チミジン、デオキシウリジン、イノシン。
ヌクレオチド:アデノシン一リン酸、グアノシン一リン酸、シチジン一リン酸、ウリジン一リン酸、デオキシアデノシン一リン酸、デオキシアデノシン二リン酸、デオキシグアノシン一リン酸、デオキシシチジン一リン酸、デオキシシチジン二リン酸、チミジン一リン酸、デオキシウリジン一リン酸、イノシン酸。
核酸塩基:シトシン。
ヌクレオシド:シチジン、デオキシウリジン、デオキシシチジン。
ヌクレオチド:5’-イノシン酸。
本発明の他の一側面において、(A3)は、デオキシシチジンまたはその塩(水和物であってもよい。)であることが特に好ましい。
Rx-CRyRzCOOH III
Rxは、C1-6アルキル基、置換されていてもよい水酸基、オキソ基およびカルボキシル基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種で置換されている直鎖状C2-4アルキル基を示し、
RyおよびRzは、それぞれ独立して水素原子または水酸基を示す(但し、少なくとも1つは水酸基である)か一緒になってオキソ基を示す。
Rxは、好ましくはC1-6アルキル基、水酸基、リン酸基、オキソ基およびカルボキシル基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種で置換されている直鎖状C2-4アルキル基である。
Ryは、好ましくは水酸基、あるいはRzとオキソ基を形成している。
Rzは、好ましくは水素原子、あるいはRyとオキソ基を形成している。
化合物(III-i):RxがC1-6アルキル基、水酸基、リン酸基、オキソ基およびカルボキシル基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種で置換されている直鎖状C2-4アルキル基であり、Ryが水酸基であり、Rzが水素原子である化合物。
化合物(III-ii):RxがC1-6アルキル基、水酸基、オキソ基およびカルボキシル基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種で置換されている直鎖状C2-4アルキル基であり、RyとRzがオキソ基を形成している化合物。
化合物(III-a):Rxが水酸基およびリン酸基で置換されているブチル基であり、Ryが水酸基であり、Rzが水素原子である化合物、例えば、6-ホスホ-D-グルコン酸。
化合物(III-b):RxがC1-6アルキル基で置換されているエチル基であり、RyとRzがオキソ基を形成している化合物、例えば、3-メチル-2-オキソブタン酸。
化合物(III-c):Rxがカルボキシル基で置換されているエチル基であり、Ryが水酸基であり、Rzが水素原子である化合物、例えば、2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸。
本発明の他の一側面において、(A4)は、6-ホスホ-D-グルコン酸またはその塩(水和物であってもよい。)であることが特に好ましい。
本発明において、形質導入用溶液を用いて細胞内に導入する関心対象分子は、細胞内で所期の目的を果たすことのできるものであればよく、特に限定されるものではない。関心対象分子としては、例えば、核酸、タンパク質、およびそれらの複合体、ならびに高分子化合物(例:デキストラン)が挙げられ、好ましい関心対象分子としては、例えば、核酸、タンパク質およびそれらの複合体が挙げられる。
本発明の形質導入用溶液によって関心対象分子を導入する対象とする細胞は特に限定されるものではなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができる。対象細胞としては、例えば、間葉系幹細胞、神経幹細胞、皮膚幹細胞、牌細胞、神経細胞、グリア細胞、膵臓B細胞、骨髄細胞、メサンギウム細胞、ランゲルハンス細胞、表皮細胞、上皮細胞、内皮細胞、繊維芽細胞、繊維細胞、筋細胞(例、骨格筋細胞、心筋細胞、筋芽細胞、筋衛星細胞、平滑筋細胞)、脂肪細胞、血球細胞(例、マクロファージ、T細胞、B細胞、ナチュラルキラー細胞、肥満細胞、白血球、好中球、好塩基球、好酸球、単球、巨核球、造血幹細胞)、滑膜細胞、軟骨細胞、骨細胞、骨芽細胞、破骨細胞、乳腺細胞、肝細胞、間質細胞、卵細胞および精細胞、ならびにこれら細胞に分化誘導可能な前駆細胞、幹細胞(例えば、人工多能性幹細胞(iPS細胞)、胚性幹細胞(ES細胞)を含む)、始原生殖細胞、卵母細胞および受精卵が挙げられる。これらの細胞は、癌化した細胞(癌細胞)であってもよい。
本発明の形質導入方法において、細胞と関心対象分子および形質導入用溶液とを接触させる様式は特に限定されるものではなく、所望の効率で細胞内に関心対象分子を導入することができる、各種の様式を選択することができる。
BL21(DE3) Competent E. coli (NEB, C2527)
Ni-NTA Superflow Cartridges (GE, 30765)
HiLoad 26/60 Superdex 200pg (GE, 17-1071-01)
Resource S (GE, 17-1180-01)
TEV protease (Sigma, T4455)
Complete, EDTA free (Roche, 1873580)
SEM Nuclease, recombinant, solution (WAKO, 196-16181)
DTT (WAKO, 049-08972)
イミダゾール (WAKO, 095-00015)
1M 塩化マグネシウム水溶液 (WAKO, 310-90361)
アスパラギン酸マグネシウム (MP Biomedicals Inc., 150496)
10× TBS (Takarabio, T9141)
1M HEPES buffer (ナカライテスク, 17557-94)
0.5M EDTA solution (Invitrogen, 15575-038)
LB 培地(Lennox), (Sigma, L7275-500TAB)
2× YT 培地, (Sigma, Y2627-1kg)
IPTG (WAKO, 096-05143)
アンピシリンナトリウム(WAKO, 014-23302)
塩化カリウム (WAKO, 161-03541)
Pierce 660nm protein assay (Thermo scientific, 22660)
D-MEM (High Glucose) with L-Glutamine and Phenol Red (WAKO, 044-29765)
0.25w/v% Trypsin-1mmol/l EDTA・4Na Solution with Phenol Red (WAKO, 201-16945)
D-PBS(-) , (WAKO, 043-29791)
5M 塩化ナトリウム, (Invitrogen, AM9759)
UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Water (Invitrogen, 10977015)
Fetal Bovine Serum, qualified, USDA-approved regions (Gibco, 10437028)
CellCarrier Ultra PDL coated 96-well plate (PerkinElmer, 6055500)
HOECHST(登録商標)33342 (ThermoFisher, H3570)
C2C12 (ATCC(登録商標), CRL-1772(商標))
Millex-GV 0.22μm PVDF 4mm EtO Ster滅菌済 (Merck, SLGV004SL)
3-(1-ピリジノ)プロパンスルホン酸 (NDSB-201) (TCI-JP, S0813)
グリセロール (WAKO, 075-00616)
グリシン (WAKO, 070-05281)
L-グルタミン水溶液, ×100 (WAKO, 073-05391)
NEAA, ×100 (Life technologies, 11140-035)
N2 supplement, ×100 (Gibco, 17502-048)
B27 Supplement (Gibco, 12587-010)
EGF (WAKO, 059-07873)
bFGF (WAKO, 064-05381)
Opti-MEM(商標) I Reduced Serum Medium (Life technologies, 31985-062)
10×PBS - Phosphate-Buffered Saline (10×) pH 7.4, RNase-free (Invitrogen)
Amicon(R) Ultra 2 mL Centrifugal Filters 10kDa (Merck)
Dextran, Alexa FluorTM 488; 10,000 MW, Anionic, Fixable (Thermo Scientific)
4% パラホルムアルデヒド・りん酸緩衝液 (WAKO)
ProLongTM Glass Antifade Mountant with NucBlueTM Stain (Thermo Scientific)
MmDmdEx51 crRNA (GeneDesign, Inc):配列番号1
5’- mC*mA*mC*UAGAGUAACAGUCUGACGUUUUAGAGCUAUGCUGUmU*mU*mU*G -3’
(mN:2’-Oメチル RNA修飾、*:Phosphorothioate修飾)
tracrRNA (GeneDesign, Inc):配列番号2
5’- mC*mA*mA*AACAGCAUAGCAAGUUAAAAUAAGGCUAGUCCGUUAUCAACUUGAAAAAGUGGCACCGAGUCGmG*mU*mG*C -3’
(mN:2’-Oメチル RNA修飾、*:Phosphorothioate修飾)
MmDmd Ex51 gRNA#1 (mod):配列番号3
5’- mU*mC*mA*CUAGAGUAACAGUCUGACGUUUUAGAGCUAGAAAUAGCAAGUUAAAAUAAGGCUAGUCCGUUAUCAACUUGAAAAAGUGGCACCGAGUCGGUGCmU*mU*mU*U -3’
(mN:2’-Oメチル RNA修飾、*:Phosphorothioate修飾、GeneDesign, Inc)
mRosa26 gRNA (mod):配列番号4
5’- mG*mA*mU*GGGCGGGAGUCUUCUGUUUUAGAGCUAGAAAUAGCAAGUUAAAAUAAGGCUAGUCCGUUAUCAACUUGAAAAAGUGGCACCGAGUCGmG*mU*mG*C -3’
(mN:2’-Oメチル RNA修飾、*:Phosphorothioate修飾、GeneDesign, Inc,もしくはSumitomokagaku, Inc. )
hEx45#1 gRNA (mod):配列番号5
5’- mU*mG*mG*UAUCUUACAGGAACUCCGUUUUAGAGCUAGAAAUAGCAAGUUAAAAUAAGGCUAGUCCGUUAUCAACUUGAAAAAGUGGCACCGAGUCGmG*mU*mG*C -3’
(mN:2’-Oメチル RNA修飾、*:Phosphorothioate修飾、GeneDesign, Inc)
hEx45#23 gRNA (mod):配列番号6
5’- mA*mG*mC*UGUCAGACAGAAAAAAGGUUUUAGAGCUAGAAAUAGCAAGUUAAAAUAAGGCUAGUCCGUUAUCAACUUGAAAAAGUGGCACCGAGUCGmG*mU*mG*C -3’
(mN:2’-Oメチル RNA修飾、*:Phosphorothioate修飾、GeneDesign, Inc)
FACS Asia(商標) (BD)
NEPA21 transfection sysytem (NEPA GENE)
AKTAprime (GE)
Opera Phenix(商標) High-Content Screening System (PerkinElmer)
Harmony(商標) (PerkinElmer)
化合物の購入先とカタログ番号および化合物ストック溶液の濃度は表1にまとめた。
EGFP-SSAアッセイ:EGFP-single strand annealing アッセイの略。EGFPレポーター細胞には図1のレポーターカセットが挿入されており、このEGFP配列の真ん中にはMmDMD-Ex51配列が挿入されている。通常、このMmDMD-Ex51配列がありEGFP ORFが分断されているためにEGFPタンパク質は翻訳されない。だがCas9タンパク質/gRNA複合体によりMmDMD-Ex51のターゲット配列が切断されると、EGFP ORFの上流(EG部位)と下流(FP部位)が相同領域を介して一本鎖アニーリングを起こし、全長型のEGFP ORFが出現し、EGFPタンパク質が産生される。この原理を利用してEGFP-SSAアッセイはEGFP産生細胞数の割合を調べることで、Cas9タンパク質/gRNA複合体の細胞内送達量を予測する。
Lysis buffer
終濃度1×TBS、20 mM イミダゾール、0.005 U/μL SEM nuclease、1 mM DTT、0.5 mM EDTA 2Na、1 mM 塩化マグネシウムとなるように、10×TBSを20 mL、500 U/μL SEM nucleaseを0.002 mL、0.5 M EDTA solutionを0.2mL、1 M 塩化マグネシウム水溶液を0.2 mL、DTTを30.85 mg、イミダゾールを272.308 mg加えmilliQ水で溶解したのち200 mLまでメスアップした。Complete EDTA freeを6錠加え攪拌した後、ポアサイズ0.22 μmフィルターを用いてフィルター滅菌した。
終濃度20 mM HEPES、150 mM 塩化カリウム、1 mM DTT (pH 7.5)となるように、1 M HEPES solutionを20 mL、塩化カリウムを11.182 g、DTTを154.25 mg加え、milliQ水で溶解した。pH 7.5に調製した後、1000 mLまでメスアップしポアサイズ0.22 μmフィルターを用いてフィルター滅菌した。
10% FBS(容積/容積)を含有するD-MEM (High Glucose) with L-Glutamine and Phenol Red培地。
化合物の購入先とストック化合物の終濃度を表1に記す。各化合物を秤量し表1の終濃度となるようにUltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Waterで溶解後、0.22 μmフィルターを用いてフィルター滅菌しストック化合物溶液とした。
終濃度8 ng/μL Cas9タンパク質、0.68 ng/μL tracr RNA、0.59 ng/μL MmDmd Ex51 crRNA、1 mM HEPES、550 mM塩化ナトリウム、250 mM 化合物となるように、Cas9タンパク質 0.4 μg、tracrRNA 34.18 ng、MmDmd Ex51 crRNA 29.48 ng、1 M HEPES buffer 0.05 μL、5 M塩化ナトリウム水溶液5.5 μLを混合し、UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Waterで液量を 37.5 μLに調整した。この溶液に対して1000 mM 化合物溶液を12.5 μL加え、常温で15分間インキュベーションした。なお、化合物の終濃度が0.1 mM、0.15 mM、0.34 mM、0.69 mM、1 mM、1.38 mM、5 mM、6.38 mM、10 mM、20 mM、40 mM、60 mM、80 mM、100 mM、125 mM、200 mM、500 mMの場合は、ストック化合物溶液をUltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Waterで0.4 mM、0.6 mM、1.36 mM、2.76 mM、4 mM、5.52 mM、20 mM、25.5 mM、40 mM、80 mM、160 mM、240 mM、320 mM、400 mM、500 mM、800 mM、2000 mMの濃度にそれぞれ希釈して加えた。
終濃度8 ng/μL Cas9タンパク質、0.68 ng/μL tracr RNA、0.59 ng/μL MmDmd Ex51 crRNA、50 mM HEPES、485 mM塩化ナトリウム、250 mM 化合物となるように、Cas9タンパク質 0.4 μg、tracrRNA 34.18 ng、MmDmd Ex51 crRNA 29.48 ng、1 M HEPES buffer 2.5 μL、5 M塩化ナトリウム水溶液4.85 μLを混合し、UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Waterで液量を 37.5 μLに調整した。この溶液に対して1000 mM化合物溶液を12.5 μL加え、常温で15分インキュベーションした。なお、化合物の終濃度が0.69 mM、25 mM、100 mM、125 mM、160 mM、200 mM、500 mMの場合は、ストック化合物溶液をUltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Waterで2.76 mM、100 mM、400 mM、500 mM、640 mM、800 mM、2000 mMの濃度にそれぞれ希釈して加えた。
特許文献2に従い、iTOP-1250 bufferを作製した。Opti-MEMベースの溶液に対して、終濃度が200 mM GABA、50 mM NDSB-201、15 mM グリシン、30 mM グリセロール、425 mM 塩化ナトリウム、0.75×グルタミン、0.75×Non-Essential amino Acids、0.75×N-2サプリメント、0.75×B-27サプリメント、100 ng/μL FGF2、100 ng/μL EGF、8 ng/μL Cas9タンパク質、0.68 ng/μL tracrRNA、0.59 ng/μL MmDmd Ex51 crRNAとなるよう各試薬を添加し15分間常温でインキュベーションした。調製の際は非特許文献1を参考にした。iTOP-1250 bufferにはOpti-MEMが60%含まれている。
終濃度8 ng/μL Cas9タンパク質、0.68 ng/μL tracr RNA、0.59 ng/μL MmDmd Ex51 crRNA、50 mM HEPES、250 mM GABA、367 mM塩化ナトリウムとなるように、Cas9タンパク質 2.0 μg、tracrRNA 170.9 ng、MmDmd Ex51 crRNA 147.4 ng、1 M HEPES buffer 12.5 μL、5 M塩化ナトリウム水溶液18.35 μL、1 M GABA水溶液 62.5 μLを混合し、UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Waterで液量を 250 μLに調整した。常温で15分インキュベーションした。なお485 mM 塩化ナトリウムの場合は5 M塩化ナトリウム水溶液の添加量を24.25 μL、同様に550 mM 塩化ナトリウムの場合は27.5 μLに変更した。
終濃度8 ng/μL Cas9タンパク質、0.68 ng/μL tracr RNA、0.59 ng/μL MmDmd Ex51 crRNA、50 mM HEPES、250 mM GABA、367mM塩化カリウムとなるように、Cas9タンパク質 2.0 μg、tracrRNA 170.9 ng、MmDmd Ex51 crRNA 147.4 ng、1 M HEPES buffer 12.5 μL、1 M塩化カリウム水溶液91.75 μL、1 M GABA水溶液 62.5 μLを混合し、UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Waterで液量を 250 μLに調整した。常温で15分インキュベーションした。なお485 mM 塩化カリウムの場合は1 M塩化カリウム水溶液の添加量を121.25 μL、同様に550 mM 塩化カリウムの場合は137.5 μLにそれぞれ変更した。
終濃度8 ng/μL Cas9タンパク質、0.68 ng/μL tracr RNA、0.59 ng/μL MmDmd Ex51 crRNA、50 mM HEPES、250 mM GABA、367 mM塩化マグネシウムとなるように、Cas9タンパク質 2.0 μg、tracrRNA 170.9 ng、MmDmd Ex51 crRNA 147.4 ng、1 M HEPES buffer 12.5 μL、1 M塩化マグネシウム水溶液91.75 μL、1 M GABA水溶液 62.5 μLを混合し、UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Waterで液量を 250 μLに調整した。常温で15分インキュベーションした。なお323 mM 塩化マグネシウムの場合は1 M塩化マグネシウム水溶液の添加量を80.75 μL、同様に485 mM 塩化マグネシウムの場合は121.25 μL、550 mM 塩化マグネシウムの場合は137.5 μLにそれぞれ変更した。
終濃度8 ng/μL Cas9タンパク質、0.68 ng/μL tracrRNA、0.59 ng/μL MmDmd Ex51 crRNA、50 mM HEPES、250 mM GABA、485 mMアスパラギン酸マグネシウムとなるように、Cas9タンパク質 2.0 μg、tracr RNA 170.9 ng、MmDmd Ex51 crRNA 147.4 ng、1 M HEPES buffer 12.5 μL、1 M アスパラギン酸マグネシウム水溶液121.25 μL、1 M GABA水溶液 62.5 μLを混合し、UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Waterで液量を 250 μLに調整した。常温で15分インキュベーションした。なお550 mMアスパラギン酸マグネシウムの場合は1 M アスパラギン酸マグネシウム水溶液の添加量を137.5 μLに変更した。
終濃度8 ng/μL Cas9タンパク質、0.68 ng/μL tracr RNA、0.59 ng/μL MmDmd Ex51 crRNA、50 mM HEPES、250 mM GABA、395.8 mM 塩化ナトリウム、45.2 mM 塩化マグネシウム、21.4 mM 塩化カリウムとなるように、Cas9タンパク質 2.0 μg、tracrRNA 170.9 ng、MmDmd Ex51 crRNA 147.4 ng、1 M HEPES buffer 12.5 μL、5 M 塩化ナトリウム水溶液19.8 μL、1 M 塩化マグネシウム水溶液11.3 μL、1 M 塩化カリウム水溶液5.4 μL、1 M GABA水溶液 62.5 μLを混合し、UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Waterで液量を 250 μLに調整した。常温で15分インキュベーションした。
終濃度8 ng/μL Cas9タンパク質、0.68 ng/μL tracrRNA、0.59 ng/μL MmDmd Ex51 crRNA、50 mM HEPES、250 mM GABA、447.4 mM 塩化ナトリウム、51.1 mM 塩化マグネシウム、24.2 mM 塩化カリウムとなるように、Cas9タンパク質 2.0 μg、tracrRNA 170.9 ng、MmDmd Ex51 crRNA 147.4 ng、1 M HEPES buffer 12.5 μL、5 M 塩化ナトリウム水溶液22.4 μL、1 M 塩化マグネシウム水溶液12.8 μL、1 M 塩化カリウム水溶液6.1 μL、1 M GABA水溶液 62.5 μLを混合し、UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Waterで液量を 250 μLに調整した。常温で15分インキュベーションした。
終濃度16 ng/μL Cas9タンパク質、4 ng/μL MmDmd Ex51 gRNA、1 mM HEPES、550 mM塩化ナトリウム、250 mM 化合物となるように、Cas9タンパク質 800 ng、MmDmd Ex51 gRNA 200 ng、1 M HEPES buffer 0.05 μL、5 M塩化ナトリウム水溶液5.5 μLを混合し、UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Waterで液量を 25 μLに調整した。この溶液に対して化合物ストック溶液を終濃度250mMになるよう所定の量を加え、常温で15分インキュベーションした。なお塩化ナトリウムの終濃度が150 mM、350 mMの場合は、5M塩化ナトリウム水溶液を1.5μL、3.5μLずつ加えた。
終濃度1mg/mL Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, average mol wt 70,000 (FITC-Dextran)、1 mM HEPES、550 mM塩化ナトリウム、250 mM 化合物となるように、100mg/mL FITC-Dextran 2.5 μL、1 M HEPES buffer 0.25 μL、5 M塩化ナトリウム水溶液27.5 μLを混合し、UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Waterで液量を 250 μLに調整した。この溶液に対して化合物ストック溶液を終濃度になるよう所定の量を加え、反応液を調製した。
終濃度400 ng/μL Cas9タンパク質、100 ng/μL mRosa26 gRNA、533 mM塩化ナトリウム、250 mM 2’-デオキシシチジン水溶液となるように、Cas9タンパク質 20 μg、mRosa26 gRNA 5 μg、10×PBS 5 μL、2.0M 2’-デオキシシチジン水溶液 6.25 μLを混合し、5 M塩化ナトリウム水溶液を用いて533mMに濃度調製したのち、UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Waterで液量を 50 μLに調整し常温で15分インキュベーションした。なお5M 塩化ナトリウムの添加量は終濃度が163 mM、233 mM、333 mM、433mMの場合に合わせ適宜調整した。また使用したCas9タンパク質はAmicon(R) Ultra 2 mL Centrifugal Filters を用いて250 mM 塩化ナトリウムにバッファー置換を行ったものを使用した。
終濃度800 ng/μL Cas9タンパク質、200 ng/μL mRosa26 gRNA、533 mM塩化ナトリウム、250 mM 化合物となるように、Cas9タンパク質 40 μg、mRosa26 gRNA 10 μg、10×PBS 5 μL、500 M 化合物ストック溶液 25 μLを混合し、5 M塩化ナトリウム水溶液を用いて533mMに濃度調製したのち、UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Waterで液量を 50 μLに調整し常温で15分インキュベーションした。なお終濃度が25mM 化合物の場合は500 mM 化合物ストック溶液2.5μLを添加した。使用したCas9タンパク質はAmicon(R) Ultra 2 mL Centrifugal Filters を用いて500 mM 塩化ナトリウムにバッファー置換を行ったものを使用した。
終濃度2400 ng/μL Cas9タンパク質、300 ng/μL hDMD Ex45#1 gRNA、300 ng/μL hDMD Ex45#23 gRNA、158 mM塩化ナトリウム、25 mM もしくは250mM 化合物となるように、Cas9タンパク質 120 μg、hDMD Ex45#1 gRNA 15 μg、hDMD Ex45#23 gRNA 15 μg、10×PBS 25 μLを混合し、25mMもしくは250mMになるよう500 mM化合物ストック溶液を添加したのち、UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Waterで液量を 250 μLに調整し常温で15分インキュベーションした。使用したCas9タンパク質はAmicon(R) Ultra 2 mL Centrifugal Filters を用いて250 mM 塩化ナトリウムにバッファー置換を行ったものを使用した。
EGFP-SSAレポーター細胞の樹立
細胞内へのCas9の取り込みを評価するため、EGFP-SSAレポーター細胞株を樹立した。エレクトロポレーション法(NEPA21 transfection system)により、EF1α-EGxxFP-MmDMD-Ex51のレポーターカセットを含むプラスミドを、C2C12細胞にトランスフェクションした(図1)。NEPA21を用いたエレクトロポレーションには1×106の細胞を使用し、200 V、5 msのポアーリングパルス条件で行った。その後、ピューロマイシンを1 mg/mLの濃度で培地に加え、EF1α-EGxxFP-MmDMD-Ex51のレポーターカセットを含む細胞のセレクションを行い、さらにEGFP陰性細胞をクローン化するため、セルソーター(FACS Aria,BD)で分取した(図2)。
関心対象の遺伝子を有するタンパク質発現プラスミドは下記論文(Jinek, et al. 2012)のpMJ806を参考に構築した。具体的にはS.pyogenes Cas9 遺伝子に6×Hisタグ配列、MBP配列、TEVプロテアーゼ切断配列と2つのSV40由来核移行(NLS)配列を発現するベクターを構築した(図3)。このベクターを大腸菌系統BL21(DE3)コンピテントセルに形質転換しタンパク質を過剰発現させた。形質転換はメーカーのプロトコルに従って行った。培養および精製プロトコルは(Jinek, et al. 2012)を参照した。形質転換体を0.1 mg/mL アンピシリンナトリウムを添加したLB培地にて37℃で一晩振とう培養し、その培養液を2×YT培地に添加しOD 0.6まで37℃で振とう培養した。IPTGを添加し氷上で30分間静置した後、16℃でさらに18時間振とう培養し、遠心して得た菌体をLysis bufferで溶菌した。溶解物を遠心分離により浄化し、Ni-NTA Superflow Cartridgesにロードし、メーカーのプロトコル(Ni-NTA Superflow Cartridge Handbook)に従ってイミダゾール勾配によりHisタグの付加したCas9タンパク質を溶出した。この溶出画分のイミダゾールを除去するためにHiLoad 26/60 Superdex 200pgをもちいたゲル濾過クロマトグラフィーを行い、タンパク質分子量画分をプールした。このタンパク質画分にメーカーの指示書に従ってTEV消化を行い、6×His-MBPタグとCas9タンパク質を切断分離した。TEV消化タンパク質液をNi-NTAカラムにロードしてメーカーのプロトコルに従い6×His-MBPタグを吸着除去し、フロースルーからCas9タンパク質を含む画分を回収した。この回収画分をResource Sカラムにロードし、塩化カルシウム勾配にてCas9タンパク質を溶出した。溶出バッファー中の塩化カルシウムを除去するためにGF bufferで平衡化したHiLoad 26/60 Superdex 200pgカラムにてゲル濾過クロマトグラフィーを行い、Cas9タンパク質画分を回収した。溶出画分はPierce 660nm protein assay法、およびSDSゲル電気泳動とクマシー染色によりタンパク質測定を実施して、タンパク質の濃度および純度を判定した。純度判定後、フィルター滅菌を行った。
Jinek, Martin, Krzysztof Chylinski, Ines Fonfara, Michael Hauer, Jennifer A Doudna, and Emmanuelle Charpentier. "A Programmable Dual-RNA-Guided DNA Endonuclease in Adaptive Bacterial Immunity." Science, 2012: 816-821
EGFPレポーター細胞を該当培地に1×104 /wellで96 well plateに播種し、24時間、5 % CO2にて37℃で培養した。PBS 100 μL/wellで洗浄後、反応液1または反応液2を50 μL/wellで添加し、5 % CO2にて30分間37℃でインキュベーションした。その後、C2C12細胞培地 100 μL/wellに置き換えて5 % CO2にて37℃で48時間培養した。HOECHST(登録商標)33342を1/2000量加えたC2C12細胞培地に交換し5 % CO2、37℃で1時間培養後、Opera Phenix(商標)にてEGFP/HOECHST/可視光でScanを行った。得られた画像を付属のHarmony(商標)で解析をおこない、HOECHSTにより染色された核のカウント、EGFP陽性細胞のカウントを行った。EGFP陽性細胞のカウントは、HOECHSTで染色された細胞領域にEGFPが検出されるかどうかで判定した。wellあたりのEGFP陽性率は、下記式から算出した。
EGFP陽性率 (%) = (EGFP陽性細胞数/ HOECHST検出数) ×100
10 μgのヒトDMD エクソン45およびその5’側0.7 kb、3’側0.6 kbを含む配列1.5kb、FRT配列で挟まれたネオマイシン耐性遺伝子発現ユニットおよびマウスDmd イントロン 44とイントロン 45由来配列各1.5 kbからなるノックインベクターを、2.5 μgのpCAG-Cas9発現ベクターおよび2種類の2.5 μgのpU6-sgRNA発現ベクター(ターゲット配列;配列番号7および配列番号8)とともに、5×105個のC57BL/6Jマウス由来のES細胞にエレクトロポレーションし、PCRおよびシーケンス確認により相同組み換え細胞株を選抜した。Flpe(フリッパーゼ)処理によりネオマイシン耐性ユニットを除去した後、当該ES細胞株をICRマウスの4倍体胚盤胞に顕微注入し、キメラマウスを取得した。キメラマウスと雌性C57BL/6Jマウスとの体外受精により雌性ヒトDMD エクソン45ヘテロノックインマウスを取得した。続いて、雄性C57BL/6Jマウスと雌性ヒトDMD エクソン45ヘテロノックインマウスの受精卵に100 ng/μLのCas9 mRNA(TriLink BioTechnologies)、2種類のマウスDmd エクソン 44ノックアウト用sgRNA(ターゲット配列;配列番号9および配列番号10、株式会社FASMAC)およびssODN 50 ng/μL(配列番号11、ユーロフィンジェノミクス株式会社)を顕微注入し、得られた雄性産仔について、PCRおよびシーケンス確認による遺伝子判定を行い、ヒトDMD エクソン45ノックイン-マウスDmd エクソン44ノックアウトマウスを選抜した。
5’- ATGAATGTGCCTACATATGG -3’
配列番号8
5’- CATAGCATGCATTTGGCTTC -3’
配列番号9
5’- GAATGAGGTAGTGTTGTAGG -3’
配列番号10
5’- GCAGGAAATCATCTTATAGC -3’
配列番号11
5’- GAGCAAGCTGGGTTAGAACAAAGGTCTGTCAGAGTCAGCATGGGAATGAGGTAGTGTTGTAGCAGGAAATAGTGTGGTTTAGGTCTCTCCCCGCCCTCTGTGTATGTGTGTGTGTGTGTT -3’
9週齡の雄性C57BL/6Jマウス(日本クレア)の右下肢腓腹筋に、投与液1もしくは投与液2、PBSを50 μL投与した。投与液1は同じ個所に一日1回、合計3回投与した。投与液2は1回投与のみ行った。最終投与から4日後に3.5%イソフルラン麻酔下で頸椎脱臼にて安楽死させた後、右下肢腓腹筋組織を摘出しドライアイスで速やかに凍結させた。凍結筋組織からQIAamp Fast DNA Tissue Kit(Qiagen)を用いてゲノムDNAを抽出精製し、PrimeSTAR GXL DNA polymerase(TAKARA)を用いてPCR(Forward primer;配列番号12、Reverse primer;配列番号13)を行った。PCR産物をQIAquick PCR purification kit(QIAGEN)で精製し、T7 Endonuclease I(NEB)で処理後、Agilent 4200 TapeStation(Agilent)を用いて解析した。得られた数値を用いて、変異導入効率を下記の計算式(数1)で求めた。
5’- CTCCGAGGCGGATCACAAGCAATAATAACCTGTAG -3’
配列番号13
5’- TGCAAGCACGTTTCCGACTTGAGTTGCCTCAAGAG -3’
4週齡の雄性ヒトDMD エクソン 45ノックイン-マウスDmd エクソン 44ノックアウトマウスの前脛骨筋に、投与液3をそれぞれ50 μLずつ1回投与した。投与から7日後に前脛骨筋組織を摘出しドライアイスで速やかに凍結させた。凍結筋組織にQIAzol Lysis Reagent(QIAGEN)を加え組織を破砕した後、クロロフォルム(WAKO)を添加し、混合・遠心後にRNAを含む水槽を分離回収し、Total RNAをHigh Capacity RNA-to-cDNA kit(Thermo Fisher scientific.Inc)を用いて逆転写した。続けて、スキップされた産物の定量測定にはFastStart Universal Probe Master(Roche)と配列番号14、15のプライマーおよび配列16のプローブを用いた。またスキップされていない産物の定量測定にはFastStart Universal Probe Master(Roche)と配列番号17、18のプライマーおよび配列19のプローブを用いた。各PCR産物の測定はViiA7TMリアルタイムPCRシステムを用いて行った。いずれの増幅時にも濃度が定められている標準産物を同時に増幅させることで絶対量を算出した。算出には付属のソフトウエアを用いた。得られえた数値を用いてエクソンスキッピング効率(exon skipping efficiency)を下記の計算式(数2)で求めた。
5’- CGTGGCACAGATGGATTTCC -3’
(mEx43-46skipTaqF114: Thermo Fisher Scientific)
配列番号15
5’- TTCTTTTGTTCTTCAATCCCTTGTC -3’
(mEx43-46skipTaqR191: Thermo Fisher Scientific)
配列番号16
5’- ACTTCATAGAATGTACAAGGAA -3’
(FAM label, mEx43-46skipTaqP144: Thermo Fisher Scientific)
配列番号17
5’- TCCTCAAAAACAGATGCCAGTATTC -3’
(hEx45 TaqF252: Thermo Fisher Scientific)
配列番号18
5’- TCCTGCCACCGCAGATTC -3’
(hEx45 TaqR316: Thermo Fisher Scientific)
配列番号19
5’- ACAGGAAAAATTGGGAAGC -3’
(FAM label, hEx45 TaqP278: Thermo Fisher Scientific)
C2C12細胞細胞を1×104 /wellで8ウェルチャンバースライドに播種し、翌日反応液5を250 μLを添加して5% CO2にて37℃で30分インキュベーションした。培地で2回洗浄後、培地にて30分もしくは90分インキュベーションした。さらに4%パラホルムアルデヒド・りん酸緩衝液で室温15分静置して固定したサンプルをProLongTM Glass Antifade Mountant with NucBlueTM Stainで包埋し、共焦点レーザー顕微鏡で検鏡を行った。
図10および図11において、GABAと各化合物条件の統計的有意差を調べるために、DNA変異導入効率Indel(%)、およびエクソンスキッピング効率(exon skipping efficiency)をもちいてDunnett type多重比較検定を実施した。P値が0.05未満のときに統計的有意差があると判断した。統計処理はEXSUS Ver 8.0を用いた。
下記の手順で、各種の(A1)~(A5)の化合物と(B)の塩とを含む形質導入用溶液を調製し、その溶液にgRNAとCas9タンパク質の複合体をさらに溶解した後、in vitroでマウス筋芽細胞(C2C12細胞)と接触させて、標的遺伝子切断活性および細胞生存率を評価した。
化合物ごとの活性をCas9タンパク質/gRNA複合体を用いたEGFP-SSAアッセイで評価した。EGFPレポーター細胞を1×104 /wellで96 well plateに播種し、翌日反応液1 50 μLを添加して5% CO2にて30分間37℃でインキュベーションした。以降の操作はEGFP-SSAアッセイに従った。化合物は終濃度が 0.1 mM,から500 mMの範囲となるようストック化合物溶液をUltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Waterで希釈して調製した。化合物の希釈系列は化合物ごとに同一plateで評価した。各Plateには250 mM GABA、および化合物なし(溶媒であるH2Oのみ)の条件を3 wellずつ用意した。WellごとのHOECHST検出数、EGFP陽性細胞数から化合物濃度ごとのEGFP陽性率を算出した。その結果を図4に記す。
EGFP陽性率(GABA相対比) = 化合物の記載濃度でのEGFP陽性率(%)
/ 同一PlateのポジティブコントロールのEGFP陽性率(%)・・・・・(1)
HOECHST検出数(GABA相対比) = 化合物の記載濃度でのHOECHST検出数
/ 同一PlateのポジティブコントロールのHOECHST検出数・・・・・(2)
化合物ごとのCas9タンパク質/gRNA複合体の細胞内導入効率をEGFP-SSAアッセイで評価した。EGFPレポーター細胞を1×104 /wellで96 well plateに播種し、翌日反応液2 50 μLを添加して5% CO2にて30分間37℃でインキュベーションした。同様にiTOP-1250 50μLを添加してインキュベーションしたWellを用意した。以降の操作はEGFP-SSAアッセイ法に従った。化合物は表2の終濃度となるようストック化合物溶液をUltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Waterで希釈して調製した。各Plateには250 mM GABA、および化合物なし(溶媒であるH2Oのみ)の条件のWellを用意した。得られたHOECHST検出数、EGFP陽性細胞率について(1)(2)の式を用いて化合物ごとのGABAとの相対比を算出した。同一Plate内で3 wellずつで行い、その平均値をプロットし標準偏差をエラーバーとして図6に表示した。化合物名で記載したものは反応液2で処理した細胞である。ポジティブコントロールとネガティブコントロールのEGFP陽性率の比が2以上であったため試験成立と判定した。未処理はCas9/gRNAを添加せずPBS洗浄のみ行ったウェルである。iTOP-1250よりもEGFP陽性率が1.2倍以上高かった化合物は、N-カルバミル-L-アスパラギン酸、3-メチル-2-オキソブタン酸ナトリウム、2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸、アルギニノコハク酸二ナトリウム水和物、2’-デオキシシチジン、イノシン5’-リン酸二ナトリウム水和物、1-デオキシノジリマイシン、2-デオキシ-D-グルコース-6-リン酸、L-カルノシン、α-D-グルコ-ス 1-リン酸、クレアチニン、(R)-パントラクトン、トリメタジオン、6-ホスホ-D-グルコン酸、であった。
(B)の塩におけるCas9タンパク質/gRNA複合体の細胞内導入効率をEGFP-SSAアッセイで評価した。EGFPレポーター細胞を1×104 /wellで96 well plateに播種し、翌日反応液3-1、3-2、3-3、3-4、3-5、または3-6をそれぞれ50 μLを添加して5% CO2にて30分間37℃でインキュベーションした。同様にiTOP-1250 50μLを添加してインキュベーションしたWellを用意した。以降の操作はEGFP-SSAアッセイ法に従った。得られたHOECHST検出数、EGFP陽性細胞率を図7に示した。塩化ナトリウムの項目は反応液3-1、塩化カリウムの項目は反応液3-2、塩化マグネシウムの項目は反応液3-3、アスパラギン酸マグネシウムの項目は反応液3-4、混合液の低濃度の項目は反応液3-5、高濃度の項目は反応液3-6、iTOP-1250の項目はiTOP-1250 bufferを用いた。同一Plate内で3 wellずつで行い、その平均値をプロットし標準偏差をエラーバーで表示した。また反応液中に含まれる無機塩のイオン(Na+, Mg2+, K+, Cl-)の電解質濃度についてミリ当量(mEq/L)で表示した。どの塩も電解質濃度が高くなるに従いEGFP陽性率が上昇している。最も活性が高いのは塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウムおよび塩化マグネシウムの3種類の塩を混合した条件であり、iTOP-1250と比較しても活性が高い。また塩化ナトリウムと塩化マグネシウムは、同じ電解質濃度で比較した場合、ほぼ同等の活性を有した。
(B)の塩化ナトリウムの各濃度における化合物ごとのCas9タンパク質/gRNA複合体の細胞内導入効率をEGFP-SSAアッセイで評価した。EGFPレポーター細胞を1×104 /wellで96 well plateに播種し、翌日反応液3-7を50μLを添加して5% CO2にて30分間37℃でインキュベーションした。以降の操作はEGFP-SSAアッセイ法に従った。(A)の化合物は終濃度250mMとなるよう添加した。Plateには250mM GABA、化合物なし(溶媒であるH2Oのみ)の条件のWellを用意した。同一Plate内で3 wellずつで行い、EGFP陽性率の平均値をプロットし標準偏差をエラーバーとして図8に表示した。塩化ナトリウム濃度が150mM~550mMにおいて化合物なしではEGFP陽性率は1%未満であった。GABAは塩化ナトリウム濃度550mMにおいてEGFP陽性率1.4%を示したものの、150mM、350mMでは陽性率は1%未満であった。それに比べて塩化ナトリウム濃度150mMでEGFP陽性率が1%を超えた化合物はN-カルバミル-L-アスパラギン酸、6-ホスホ-D-グルコン酸であり、特に6-ホスホ-D-グルコン酸のEGFP陽性率は2.2%とGABAよりも高い活性が確認された。350mM塩化ナトリウム濃度において、GABAのEGFP陽性率1.4%よりも高い活性を示した化合物はアルギニノコハク酸二ナトリウム水和物、N-カルバミル-L-アスパラギン酸、α-D-グルコ-ス 1-りん酸、6-ホスホ-D-グルコン酸、2-デオキシ-D-グルコース-6-リン酸、イノシン5’-りん酸二ナトリウム水和物であった。550mM 塩化ナトリウム濃度における化合物のEGFP陽性率は、4-ヒドロキシプロリンを除くいずれの化合物もGABAよりも高い活性を示した。
(A3)の化合物である2’-デオキシシチジンと、(B)の塩である塩化ナトリウムとを含む形質導入用溶液を調製し、その溶液にmRosa26 gRNAとCas9タンパク質の複合体をさらに溶解したものを、実施例5の投与液(投与液1、前記調製参照)として用いた。投与液1をマウス右下肢腓腹筋に局所投与して、標的遺伝子切断活性を評価した。投与液1は塩化ナトリウム濃度が163mM、233mM、333mM、433mMもしくは533mMとなるよう調製した。投与液は1回50μL、3日間連続で投与し、最終投与から4日目に右下肢腓腹筋組織を抽出し、T7E1アッセイを行った。その結果を図9に示す。いずれの塩濃度においても正常マウスにおいてゲノム編集が確認された。
各種の(A1)~(A5)の化合物と、(B)の塩である塩化ナトリウムとを含む形質導入用溶液を調製し、その溶液にmRosa26 gRNAとCas9タンパク質の複合体をさらに溶解したものを、実施例6の投与液(投与液2、前記調製参照)として用いた。投与液2をマウス右下肢腓腹筋に局所投与して、標的遺伝子切断活性を評価した。投与液2は、化合物として2’-デオキシシチジン、6-ホスホ-D-グルコン酸、N-カルバミル-L-アスパラギン酸または2-デオキシ-D-グルコース-6-リン酸を含み、投与液中の終濃度が25mMまたは250mMになるよう調製した。投与液2は50μLを1回投与し、4日目に右下肢腓腹筋組織を抽出し、T7E1アッセイを行った。その結果を図10に示す。いずれの化合物も正常マウスにおいて対照化合物である250mM GABAと同等もしくはそれ以上のゲノム編集効率を示した。特にN-カルバミル-L-アスパラギン酸、2-デオキシ-D-グルコース-6-リン酸はGABAと比較して統計的に有意な結果が得られた。
各種の(A1)、(A4)の化合物と、(B)の塩である塩化ナトリウムとを含む形質導入用溶液を調製し、その溶液にhEx45#1 gRNA、hEx45#23 gRNAとCas9タンパク質の複合体をさらに溶解したものを、実施例7の投与液(投与液3、前記調製参照)として用いた。投与液3をマウス前脛骨筋に局所投与して、ヒトDMDエクソン45配列のスキッピング効率を評価した。投与液3は、化合物として6-ホスホ-D-グルコン酸またはN-カルバミル-L-アスパラギン酸、あるいは対照化合物としてGABAを含み、投与液中の終濃度が25mMまたは250mMになるよう調製した。投与液3は50μLを1回投与し、7日目に前脛骨筋組織を抽出し、エクソンスキッピング効率の測定を行った。その結果を図11に示す。いずれの化合物もhEx45KI-mdx44マウスにおいて250mM GABAより高い標的遺伝子(ジストロフィン遺伝子)のExon Skipping活性を示した。特に25mM N-カルバミル-L-アスパラギン酸は250mM GABAと比較して統計的に有意な結果が得られた。
蛍光標識したデキストラン(FITC-Dextran)を用いてC2C12細胞の細胞内取り込み評価を行った。塩化ナトリウム濃度は550mMであり、化合物の終濃度は250mM GABA(対照)、125mM N-カルバミル-L-アスパラギン酸、250mM 2-デオキシ-D-グルコース-6-リン酸である。各化合物を添加した反応液5を細胞に添加し30分後、培地に切り替えて30分もしくは90分インキュベーションした結果を図12に表示した。本発明で規定する化合物を塩と併用することにより、蛍光標識デキストランの細胞内透過が促進された。本発明により、タンパク質(Cas9)、核酸(gRNA)だけでなく、デキストランのような高分子化合物も高効率に送達できることが確認された。
Claims (23)
- 細胞と、関心対象分子および形質導入用溶液とを接触させる工程を含む、該細胞に該関心対象分子を形質導入するための方法であって、
前記形質導入用溶液は、下記(A1)~(A5)の少なくとも1つと、(B)塩とを含む、前記方法:
(A1)生体のタンパク質の構成ユニットとなるL-アミノ酸20種およびS-メチル-L-メチオニンを除く、下記一般式(I)で表される化合物またはその塩:
R1およびR2はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子またはCOR3を示し、
R0は、C1-6アルキル基を除く、置換基を有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基を有していてもよい生体のタンパク質の構成ユニットとなるアミノ酸を構成する側鎖を示し、
ただし、R0が水素原子の場合、R1はCOR3を示し、R2は水素原子を示し、
R3は、置換基(チオール基およびジスルフィド基を除く)を有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基(メチル基を除く)、またはNR4R5を示し、
R4およびR5はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子またはC1-4アルキル基を示す。]、
(A2)下記一般式(II)で表される化合物またはその塩:
R11は、水素原子、置換基を有していてもよいC1-4アルキル基またはCOR12を示し、
R12はC1-6アルキル基を示し、
Yは水素原子またはOR10を示し、
R6、R7、R8およびR10はそれぞれ独立して水素原子またはホスホン酸基を示し、
R9は水素原子、水酸基またはリン酸基を示し、
R10が水素原子のとき、OR6、OR7、OR8、R9のうち少なくとも1つはリン酸基である。]、
但し、一般式(II)で表される化合物には、水溶液中で一般式(II)と平衡関係にある鎖状構造を取っているものも含まれるものとする、
(A3)核酸塩基、ヌクレオシドまたはヌクレオチド、あるいはその塩、
(A4)リンゴ酸を除く、一般式(III)で表される化合物またはその塩:
Rx-CRyRzCOOH III
[式中、Rxは、C1-6アルキル基、置換されていてもよい水酸基、オキソ基およびカルボキシル基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種で置換されている直鎖状C2-4アルキル基を示し、
RyおよびRzは、それぞれ独立して水素原子または水酸基を示す(但し、少なくとも1つは水酸基である)か一緒になってオキソ基を示す。]、
(A5)クレアチニン、ヒドロキシプロリン、1,3-ブタンジオール、トリエンチン、D-セロビオース、1,3-ジメチルウレア、パントラクトンおよびトリメタジオンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種またはその塩。 - (A1)がアルギニノコハク酸、1-メチル-L-ヒスチジン、パントテン酸、L-カルノシン、N-カルバミル-L-アスパラギン酸より選択される化合物またはその塩であり;
(A2)がミグリトール、2-デオキシ-D-グルコース-6-リン酸、α-D-グルコース1-リン酸、1-デオキシノジリマイシンより選択される化合物またはその塩であり;
(A3)がシトシン、シチジン、デオキシウリジン、デオキシシチジン、5’-イノシン酸より選択される化合物またはその塩であり;
(A4)が6-ホスホ-D-グルコン酸、3-メチル-2-オキソブタン酸、2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸より選択される化合物またはその塩であり;
(A5)がクレアチニン、ヒドロキシプロリン、1,3-ブタンジオール、1,3-ジメチルウレア、D-セロビオース、1,3-ジメチルウレア、パントラクトン、トリメタジオンより選択される化合物またはその塩である、請求項1に記載の方法。 - (A1)~(A5)の少なくとも1つが、1-メチル-L-ヒスチジン、N-カルバミル-L-アスパラギン酸、デオキシシチジン、2-デオキシ-D-グルコース-6-リン酸、6-ホスホ-D-グルコン酸より選択される化合物またはその塩である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記塩(B)が、塩化ナトリウム、塩化マグネシウムおよび塩化カリウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記関心対象分子が、タンパク質および/または核酸を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記関心対象分子が、Casタンパク質および/またはgRNAを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞が生体内に存在する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞が、筋細胞である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 細胞と、関心対象分子および形質導入用溶液とを接触させる工程を含む、該関心対象分子が形質導入された細胞の製造方法であって、
前記形質導入用溶液は、下記(A1)~(A5)の少なくとも1つと、(B)塩とを含む、前記製造方法:
(A1)生体のタンパク質の構成ユニットとなるL-アミノ酸20種およびS-メチル-L-メチオニンを除く、下記一般式(I)で表される化合物またはその塩:
R1およびR2はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子またはCOR3を示し、
R0は、C1-6アルキル基を除く、置換基を有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基を有していてもよい生体のタンパク質の構成ユニットとなるアミノ酸を構成する側鎖を示し、
ただし、R0が水素原子の場合、R1はCOR3を示し、R2は水素原子を示し、
R3は、置換基(チオール基およびジスルフィド基を除く)を有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基(メチル基を除く)、またはNR4R5を示し、
R4およびR5はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子またはC1-4アルキル基を示す。]、
(A2)下記一般式(II)で表される化合物またはその塩:
R11は、水素原子、置換基を有していてもよいC1-4アルキル基またはCOR12を示し、
R12はC1-6アルキル基を示し、
Yは水素原子またはOR10を示し、
R6、R7、R8およびR10はそれぞれ独立して水素原子またはホスホン酸基を示し、
R9は水素原子、水酸基またはリン酸基を示し、
R10が水素原子のとき、OR6、OR7、OR8、R9のうち少なくとも1つはリン酸基である。]、
但し、一般式(II)で表される化合物には、水溶液中で一般式(II)と平衡関係にある鎖状構造を取っているものも含まれるものとする、
(A3)核酸塩基、ヌクレオシドまたはヌクレオチド、あるいはその塩、
(A4)リンゴ酸を除く、一般式(III)で表される化合物またはその塩:
Rx-CRyRzCOOH III
[式中、Rxは、C1-6アルキル基、置換されていてもよい水酸基、オキソ基およびカルボキシル基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種で置換されている直鎖状C2-4アルキル基を示し、
RyおよびRzは、それぞれ独立して水素原子または水酸基を示す(但し、少なくとも1つは水酸基である)か一緒になってオキソ基を示す。]、
(A5)クレアチニン、ヒドロキシプロリン、1,3-ブタンジオール、トリエンチン、D-セロビオース、1,3-ジメチルウレア、パントラクトンおよびトリメタジオンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種またはその塩。 - (A1)がアルギニノコハク酸、1-メチル-L-ヒスチジン、パントテン酸、L-カルノシン、N-カルバミル-L-アスパラギン酸より選択される化合物またはその塩であり;
(A2)がミグリトール、2-デオキシ-D-グルコース-6-リン酸、α-D-グルコース1-リン酸、1-デオキシノジリマイシンより選択される化合物またはその塩であり;
(A3)がシトシン、シチジン、デオキシウリジン、デオキシシチジン、5’-イノシン酸より選択される化合物またはその塩であり;
(A4)が6-ホスホ-D-グルコン酸、3-メチル-2-オキソブタン酸、2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸より選択される化合物またはその塩であり;
(A5)がクレアチニン、ヒドロキシプロリン、1,3-ブタンジオール、1,3-ジメチルウレア、D-セロビオース、1,3-ジメチルウレア、パントラクトン、トリメタジオンより選択される化合物またはその塩である、請求項9に記載の方法。 - (A1)~(A5)の少なくとも1つが、1-メチル-L-ヒスチジン、N-カルバミル-L-アスパラギン酸、デオキシシチジン、2-デオキシ-D-グルコース-6-リン酸、6-ホスホ-D-グルコン酸より選択される化合物またはその塩である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記塩(B)が、塩化ナトリウム、塩化マグネシウムおよび塩化カリウムからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記関心対象分子が、タンパク質および/または核酸を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記関心対象分子が、Casタンパク質および/またはgRNAを含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞が生体内に存在する細胞である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞が、筋細胞である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 下記(A1)~(A5)の少なくとも1つと、(B)塩とを含む、形質導入用溶液:
(A1)生体のタンパク質の構成ユニットとなるL-アミノ酸20種およびS-メチル-L-メチオニンを除く、下記一般式(I)で表される化合物またはその塩:
R1およびR2はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子またはCOR3を示し、
R0は、C1-6アルキル基を除く、置換基を有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基を有していてもよい生体のタンパク質の構成ユニットとなるアミノ酸を構成する側鎖を示し、
ただし、R0が水素原子の場合、R1はCOR3を示し、R2は水素原子を示し、
R3は、置換基(チオール基およびジスルフィド基を除く)を有していてもよいC1-6アルキル基(メチル基を除く)、またはNR4R5を示し、
R4およびR5はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子またはC1-4アルキル基を示す。]、
(A2)下記一般式(II)で表される化合物またはその塩:
R11は、水素原子、置換基を有していてもよいC1-4アルキル基またはCOR12を示し、
R12はC1-6アルキル基を示し、
Yは水素原子またはOR10を示し、
R6、R7、R8およびR10はそれぞれ独立して水素原子またはホスホン酸基を示し、
R9は水素原子、水酸基またはリン酸基を示し、
R10が水素原子のとき、OR6、OR7、OR8、R9のうち少なくとも1つはリン酸基である。]、
但し、一般式(II)で表される化合物には、水溶液中で一般式(II)と平衡関係にある鎖状構造を取っているものも含まれるものとする、
(A3)核酸塩基、ヌクレオシドまたはヌクレオチド、あるいはその塩、
(A4)リンゴ酸を除く、一般式(III)で表される化合物またはその塩:
Rx-CRyRzCOOH III
[式中、Rxは、C1-6アルキル基、置換されていてもよい水酸基、オキソ基およびカルボキシル基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種で置換されている直鎖状C2-4アルキル基を示し、
RyおよびRzは、それぞれ独立して水素原子または水酸基を示す(但し、少なくとも1つは水酸基である)か一緒になってオキソ基を示す。]、
(A5)クレアチニン、ヒドロキシプロリン、1,3-ブタンジオール、トリエンチン、D-セロビオース、1,3-ジメチルウレア、パントラクトンおよびトリメタジオンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種またはその塩。 - (A1)がアルギニノコハク酸、1-メチル-L-ヒスチジン、パントテン酸、L-カルノシン、N-カルバミル-L-アスパラギン酸より選択される化合物またはその塩であり;
(A2)がミグリトール、2-デオキシ-D-グルコース-6-リン酸、α-D-グルコース1-リン酸、1-デオキシノジリマイシンより選択される化合物またはその塩であり;
(A3)がシトシン、シチジン、デオキシウリジン、デオキシシチジン、5’-イノシン酸より選択される化合物またはその塩であり;
(A4)が6-ホスホ-D-グルコン酸、3-メチル-2-オキソブタン酸、2-ヒドロキシグルタル酸より選択される化合物またはその塩であり;
(A5)がクレアチニン、ヒドロキシプロリン、1,3-ブタンジオール、1,3-ジメチルウレア、D-セロビオース、1,3-ジメチルウレア、パントラクトン、トリメタジオンより選択される化合物またはその塩である、請求項17に記載の形質導入用溶液。 - (A1)~(A5)の少なくとも1つが、1-メチル-L-ヒスチジン、N-カルバミル-L-アスパラギン酸、デオキシシチジン、2-デオキシ-D-グルコース-6-リン酸、6-ホスホ-D-グルコン酸より選択される化合物またはその塩である、請求項17に記載の形質導入用溶液。
- 前記塩(B)が、塩化ナトリウム、塩化マグネシウムおよび塩化カリウムからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項17に記載の形質導入用溶液。
- 請求項17に記載の形質導入用溶液および関心対象分子を含む、医薬組成物。
- 前記関心対象分子が、タンパク質および/または核酸を含む、請求項21に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記関心対象分子が、Casタンパク質および/またはgRNAを含む、請求項21に記載の医薬組成物。
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