WO2020111174A1 - 積層体、その製造方法及びそれを具備した電子デバイス - Google Patents
積層体、その製造方法及びそれを具備した電子デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020111174A1 WO2020111174A1 PCT/JP2019/046540 JP2019046540W WO2020111174A1 WO 2020111174 A1 WO2020111174 A1 WO 2020111174A1 JP 2019046540 W JP2019046540 W JP 2019046540W WO 2020111174 A1 WO2020111174 A1 WO 2020111174A1
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- QIWKUEJZZCOPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 QIWKUEJZZCOPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000016 photochemical curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000612 phthaloyl group Chemical group C(C=1C(C(=O)*)=CC=CC1)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- INAAIJLSXJJHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pibenzimol Chemical group C1CN(C)CCN1C1=CC=C(N=C(N2)C=3C=C4NC(=NC4=CC=3)C=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C2=C1 INAAIJLSXJJHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001921 poly-methyl-phenyl-siloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006350 polyacrylonitrile resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011970 polystyrene sulfonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002796 polystyrene sulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KCTAWXVAICEBSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyloxy prop-2-eneperoxoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OOOC(=O)C=C KCTAWXVAICEBSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(C)=C BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C=C LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MWWATHDPGQKSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyne Chemical group CC#C MWWATHDPGQKSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000561 purinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=C2N=CNC2=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002755 pyrazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical group C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001422 pyrrolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001308 pyruvoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C(=O)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical class [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920005573 silicon-containing polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003696 stearoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002730 succinyl group Chemical group C(CCC(=O)*)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001935 tetracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005425 toluyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004784 trichloromethoxy group Chemical group ClC(O*)(Cl)Cl 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000876 trifluoromethoxy group Chemical group FC(F)(F)O* 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UAEJRRZPRZCUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxyalumane Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-]C.[O-]C.[O-]C UAEJRRZPRZCUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003960 triphenylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003774 valeryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K50/842—Containers
- H10K50/8423—Metallic sealing arrangements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
- C09J7/29—Laminated material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/18—Handling of layers or the laminate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/06—Interconnection of layers permitting easy separation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D183/04—Polysiloxanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D185/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
- C09J7/22—Plastics; Metallised plastics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
- C09J7/28—Metal sheet
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/40—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by release liners
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/02—Details
- H05B33/04—Sealing arrangements, e.g. against humidity
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laminated body, a method for manufacturing the same, and an electronic device including the laminated body. More specifically, the present invention relates to a thinned film, prevents film cracking, and facilitates flexible and foldable electronic devices. The present invention relates to a layered product having a gas barrier property for improving optical characteristics.
- the transparent conductive film made of indium tin oxide (ITO), silver (Ag), or copper (Cu) used for touch panel sensors, etc. easily reacts with moisture and oxygen in the atmosphere and is oxidized and corroded, resulting in device characteristics. It is known to cause serious damage.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- Ag silver
- Cu copper
- the layer thickness also referred to as the film thickness in the present invention
- the thick film causes a film crack, which is a major obstacle to the flexibility and the foldability, which have been talked about recently.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems and circumstances, and a problem to be solved is to reduce the thickness of a film, prevent film cracking, and facilitate flexible and foldable electronic devices. It is an object of the present invention to provide a laminate having a gas barrier property that improves characteristics.
- the present inventors in order to solve the above problems, in the process of examining the cause of the above problems, by laminating a solvent permeation preventive layer and a gas barrier layer containing a specific material on the adhesive layer, it has been found that a laminated body having a gas barrier property which can be made thinner and prevent film cracking, facilitates flexibility and folderability of electronic devices, and further improves optical characteristics can be obtained.
- a laminate comprising at least an adhesive layer and a gas barrier layer, Laminate characterized in that the gas barrier layer contains an inorganic material, and a solvent permeation preventive layer containing a light or thermosetting resin is arranged between the adhesive layer and the gas barrier layer. body.
- R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, an acyl group, an alkoxy group, or a heterocyclic group.
- M may represent a metal atom, M represents a metal atom, OR 1 represents a fluorinated alkoxy group, x represents a valence of the metal atom, y represents an arbitrary integer between 1 and x, and n represents a weight. Represents the degree of condensation.
- the metal atom represented by M is selected from Si, Ti, Zr, Mg, Ca, Sr, Bi, Hf, Nb, Zn, Al, Pt, Ag, and Au.
- Item 11 The laminate according to Item 9 or 10, wherein the organic metal oxide layer comprises at least a sol-gel transition coating film.
- a peelable film is arranged on the side opposite to the solvent permeation preventive layer of the adhesive layer, and an adhesive layer is further arranged on the side opposite to the solvent permeation preventive layer of the gas barrier layer.
- a method for producing a laminate comprising at least an adhesive layer and a gas barrier layer, Applying a light or thermosetting resin to the surface of the adhesive layer to form a solvent permeation preventive layer containing the resin, A step of applying an inorganic material to the surface of the solvent permeation preventive layer to form a gas barrier layer containing the inorganic material, the method for producing a laminate.
- the solvent permeation preventive layer there is a step of subjecting the solvent permeation preventive layer to at least ultraviolet irradiation treatment, flash firing treatment, atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, plasma ion implantation treatment, or heat treatment. 15. The method for manufacturing a laminate according to Item 14.
- the method for producing a laminate according to Item 14 further comprising a step of subjecting the solvent permeation preventive layer to ultraviolet irradiation treatment, following the step of forming the solvent permeation preventive layer.
- An electronic device comprising the laminate according to any one of items 1 to 13.
- a method and an electronic device including the method can be provided.
- the present invention provides a gas barrier by laminating a solvent permeation preventive layer containing a light- or thermosetting resin on an adhesive layer and a gas barrier layer containing an inorganic material such as polysilazane and a modified product thereof. The effect of preventing solvent penetration from the layer can be exhibited.
- the solvent permeation preventive layer contains a siloxane resin
- the surface of the solvent permeation preventive layer is modified by ultraviolet irradiation treatment, flash firing treatment, atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, plasma ion implantation treatment, heat treatment, or the like.
- the solvent permeation preventive layer, the upper polysilazane and the gas barrier layer containing the modified product have the same modified product. This greatly improves the adhesiveness.
- the solvent permeation prevention layer has a dense modified layer, an excellent effect of further preventing solvent permeation from the gas barrier layer can be exhibited. It is presumed that, due to these effects, it is possible to provide a laminate in which damage to the adhesive layer due to solvent penetration at the time of coating and forming the gas barrier layer is completely prevented.
- organic EL organic electroluminescence element
- the organic EL is dissolved or reacted with the solvent and the organic solvent. It can be seen that some kind of intermolecular interaction force between ELs influences and causes damage. That is, it is considered that the siloxane-based resin does not damage the electronic device because no intermolecular interaction is exerted on the electronic device.
- Siloxane resin consists of Si-O bond, but the covalent bond radius of Si is 1.17 ⁇ , which is about 1.5 times longer than 0.77 ⁇ of C, and it is known that the rotational energy of the bond is almost zero. Has been. From this, the rotation of the bond is easy and the siloxane chain is very flexible.
- two of the four Si bonds are bonded to a methyl group, they are bulky and have a characteristic of forming a helical structure. Since this helical structure has a repeating structure of 6 units of siloxane bond, the dipole of polarization of the siloxane bond (electronegativity is Si(1.8), C(2.5), O(3.5).
- the Si-O bond has a higher ionic bond than the C-O bond and the C-C bond and has an ionic property of about 50%), and this cancels out the polydimethylsiloxane. .. That is, it is considered that the siloxane-based resin does not cause an intermolecular interaction with the electronic device due to the non-polarity derived from the helical structure, and is damage-free.
- the siloxane-based resin itself has the property of not invading the lower layer and preventing the solvent permeation of the upper gas barrier layer.
- an electronic device such as an organic EL, a touch panel sensor or an organic thin film transistor as described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-104204.
- the effect of the invention is high in that it can be used also as an electronic device damage-free UV-curable adhesive for adhering an electronic device and a gas barrier layer.
- the surface treatment with vacuum ultraviolet light makes it possible to impart a function as a flattening layer described later.
- Sectional drawing which shows an example of the laminated body of this invention Sectional drawing which shows an example of the laminated body of this invention. Sectional drawing which shows an example of the laminated body of this invention. Sectional drawing which shows an example of the laminated body of this invention. Sectional drawing which shows an example of the laminated body of this invention. Sectional drawing which shows an example of the laminated body of this invention.
- the figure which shows the structural example of a structure of an organic thin-film transistor The figure which shows the structural example of a structure of an organic thin-film transistor.
- the figure which shows the structural example of a structure of an organic thin-film transistor The figure which shows the structural example of a structure of an organic thin-film transistor.
- the laminate of the present invention is a laminate comprising at least an adhesive layer and a gas barrier layer, wherein the gas barrier layer contains an inorganic material, and a light layer is provided between the adhesive layer and the gas barrier layer.
- a solvent permeation preventive layer containing a thermosetting resin is arranged. This feature is a technical feature common to or corresponding to the following embodiments.
- the feature of the laminate of the present invention is a laminate of a solvent permeation preventive layer capable of preventing permeation of a solvent from an inorganic material by a coating step and a gas barrier layer containing the inorganic material on the adhesive layer.
- a solvent permeation preventive layer capable of preventing permeation of a solvent from an inorganic material by a coating step
- a gas barrier layer containing the inorganic material on the adhesive layer in order to form the gas barrier layer on the adhesive layer, operations such as film formation by a conventional CVD (chemical vapor deposition method) and laminating a gas barrier film are required.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition method
- laminating a gas barrier film are required.
- the cost of equipment and materials is reduced and the productivity is significantly improved.
- by consistently manufacturing by a wet coating method it becomes possible to manufacture a laminated body having a thin film as compared with the conventional one in a short delivery time.
- the layer thickness of the solvent permeation preventive layer is in the range of 1 to 10,000 nm, the permeation prevention of the solvent from the gas barrier layer by the coating step can be prevented. It is preferable from the viewpoint that it can be formed and does not hinder thinning and flexibility.
- the solvent permeation preventive layer contains a siloxane-based resin, an acrylic resin or an epoxy-based resin, and in particular, contains a siloxane-based resin in order to adhere to the gas barrier layer containing the inorganic material according to the present invention.
- a gas containing perhydropolysilazane hereinafter referred to as PHPS
- TEOS tetraethoxylane
- perhydrosilsesquioxane which is preferable as a material for the gas barrier layer according to the present invention. It is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the adhesiveness with the barrier layer.
- the contact angle with water at 0° C. is in the range of 20 to 100° because the effect is exhibited more.
- the layer thickness of the modified layer is in the range of 1 to 70 nm from the viewpoint of preventing the penetration of the solvent and improving the adhesion between the solvent permeation prevention layer and the gas barrier layer.
- an organic metal oxide layer having an equivalent function may be arranged as an alternative to or as an upper layer of the modified layer according to the present invention.
- it is preferably an organic metal oxide layer containing an organic metal oxide having a structure represented by the general formula (A), and an organic metal oxide film formed by a sol-gel method.
- the organic metal oxide is preferably a metal alkoxide coordinate-substituted with a hydrofluoric alcohol.
- the metal is preferably selected from Si, Ti, Zr, Mg, Ca, Sr, Bi, Hf, Nb, Zn, Al, Pt, Ag, and Au.
- the metal alkoxide not only promotes reforming and improves adhesion at the time of lamination due to the catalytic effect on the solvent permeation prevention layer and gas barrier layer, but it is also atmospherically stable due to coordination substitution with fluorinated alcohol. It is preferable because it has excellent productivity.
- a peelable film is provided on the side of the adhesive layer opposite to the solvent permeation preventive layer.
- an adhesive layer on the gas barrier layer, and with such a layer constitution, it becomes possible to further bond a gas barrier film through the adhesive layer, and a gas barrier It is also preferable from the viewpoint of enhancing the property.
- the method for producing a laminate of the present invention comprises a step of applying a light or thermosetting resin to the surface of the adhesive layer to form a solvent permeation preventive layer, and applying an inorganic material to the surface of the solvent permeation preventive layer. And a step of forming a gas barrier layer containing the inorganic material.
- the step of forming the solvent permeation preventive layer there may be a step of subjecting the surface of the solvent permeation preventive layer to ultraviolet irradiation treatment, flash firing treatment, atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, plasma ion implantation treatment, or heat treatment.
- ultraviolet irradiation treatment forms a modified layer on the surface of the solvent permeation preventive layer, suppresses permeation of the solvent into the adhesive layer at the time of forming the gas barrier layer, and suppresses the adhesion between the adhesive layer and the gas barrier layer. This is a preferable manufacturing method from the viewpoint of enhancing the adhesiveness.
- the laminated body of the present invention can be provided in an electronic device so as to prevent film cracking, respond to flexibility and foldability of the electronic device, improve optical characteristics of the electronic device, and reduce process cost. Is preferable from the viewpoint of enabling
- the laminate of the present invention is a laminate comprising at least an adhesive layer and a gas barrier layer, wherein the gas barrier layer contains an inorganic material, and a light layer is provided between the adhesive layer and the gas barrier layer.
- a solvent permeation preventive layer containing a thermosetting resin is arranged.
- the “gas barrier layer” in the present invention means that the water vapor permeability (25 ⁇ 0.5° C., relative humidity (90 ⁇ 2)%) of 0.01 g measured by the method according to JIS K 7129-1992. A gas barrier property of /m 2 ⁇ 24 h or less is preferable. Furthermore, the oxygen permeability measured by the method according to JIS K 7126-1987 is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mL/m 2 ⁇ 24 h ⁇ atm or less, and the water vapor permeability is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 g/m 2. -High gas barrier property of 24 hours or less is preferable.
- the “light or thermosetting resin” in the present invention means a resin (polymer) having a property of being polymerized or crosslinked and cured by light such as ultraviolet rays or heating. It should be noted that polymerizable monomers (monomers) and oligomers having similar properties are also included.
- the laminate of the present invention is preferably transparent from the viewpoint of attachment to an electronic device, and for example, the light transmittance measured using a spectrophotometer U-4100 manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation at a light wavelength of 450 nm. Is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and particularly preferably 90% or more.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the laminate of the present invention. However, this is an example, and the present invention is not limited to this.
- FIG. 1A shows the basic structure of the laminate of the present invention.
- the laminate (1) of the present invention has a structure in which a solvent permeation preventive layer (3) containing a light- or thermosetting resin and a gas barrier layer (4) are arranged on the adhesive layer (2).
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view in which a modified layer (5) is formed on the gas barrier layer (4) side of the solvent permeation preventive layer (3) according to the present invention, and after the solvent permeation preventive layer (3) is formed,
- the modified layer (5) is preferably formed by adding a step of performing ultraviolet irradiation treatment, flash firing treatment, atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, plasma ion implantation treatment, or heat treatment to the surface of the solvent permeation prevention layer. ..
- FIG. 1C shows a structure in which an organic metal oxide layer (6) having a function equivalent to that of a modified layer is arranged on the gas barrier layer (4) side of the solvent permeation preventive layer (3) according to the present invention.
- the metal oxide layer (6) is preferably formed into a coating film by a sol-gel method.
- FIG. 1D shows a structure in which the laminate (1) of the present invention further has an adhesive layer (2) on the gas barrier layer (4), and the gas barrier is further interposed via the adhesive layer. It is also possible to bond a film, which is a preferred embodiment.
- FIG. 1E shows a structure in which a peelable film (7) is provided on the surface of the adhesive layer opposite to the solvent permeation preventive layer, and the peelable film (7) allows the adhesive layer ( Since 2) is protected, the handleability of the laminate (1) of the present invention is improved.
- Adhesive Layer The adhesive used for the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, and a general adhesive can be used, but among them, a synthetic resin adhesive is preferable.
- Examples of the adhesive applicable to the present invention include polyester adhesives, urethane adhesives, polyvinyl acetate adhesives, acrylic adhesives, epoxy adhesives, nitrile rubbers, etc.
- An adhesive containing a thermosetting resin as a main component can be used.
- the acrylic adhesive used may be either solvent-based or emulsion-based, but solvent-based adhesives are preferred because they easily enhance the adhesive strength, and among these, those obtained by solution polymerization are preferred.
- a raw material for producing such a solvent-based acrylic adhesive by solution polymerization for example, an acrylic ester such as ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, or ocryyl acrylate as a main monomer serving as a skeleton
- As a comonomer to improve cohesive strength vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, styrene, methyl methacrylate, etc., to further promote cross-linking and impart stable adhesive strength, and to maintain a certain degree of adhesive strength even in the presence of water
- the functional group-containing monomer include methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, itaconic acid, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and glycidyl methacrylate. Since the adhesive
- acrylic adhesive Commercially available products of the above-mentioned acrylic adhesive include, for example, COPONYL series (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- a radical curable adhesive is preferably used as the adhesive composition.
- the radical curable adhesive include active energy ray curable adhesives such as electron beam curable adhesives and ultraviolet curable adhesives.
- an active energy ray curable type that can be cured in a short time is preferable, and a UV curable adhesive that can be cured with low energy is more preferable.
- the UV curable adhesives can be broadly classified into radical polymerization curable adhesives and cationic polymerization curable adhesives.
- the radical polymerization curable adhesive can be used as a thermosetting adhesive.
- a gallium-encapsulated metal halide lamp or an LED light source that emits light in the wavelength range of 380 to 440 nm is preferable.
- low-pressure mercury lamp, medium-pressure mercury lamp, high-pressure mercury lamp, ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, incandescent lamp, xenon lamp, halogen lamp, carbon arc lamp, metal halide lamp, fluorescent lamp, tungsten lamp, gallium lamp, excimer laser or sunlight as the light source
- the curable component of the radical polymerization curable adhesive includes a compound having a (meth)acryloyl group and a compound having a vinyl group. These curable components may be monofunctional or bifunctional or higher. Moreover, these curable components can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types. As these curable components, for example, compounds having a (meth)acryloyl group are suitable.
- a compound having an epoxy group or an oxetanyl group can be mentioned.
- the compound having an epoxy group is not particularly limited as long as it has at least two epoxy groups in the molecule, and various commonly known curable epoxy compounds can be used.
- the preferred epoxy compound is a compound having at least two epoxy groups and at least one aromatic ring in the molecule, or at least two epoxy groups in the molecule, at least one of which has an alicyclic ring. Examples thereof include compounds that are formed between two adjacent carbon atoms that form the structure.
- a water-based adhesive can also be used.
- an adhesive containing a vinyl polymer or the like is preferably used, and as the vinyl polymer, a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin is preferable.
- an adhesive containing a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin having an acetoacetyl group is more preferable from the viewpoint of improving durability.
- the cross-linking agent that can be added to the polyvinyl alcohol resin a compound having at least two functional groups reactive with the polyvinyl alcohol resin can be preferably used.
- boric acid for example, boric acid, borax, carboxylic acid compounds, alkyldiamines; isocyanates; epoxies; monoaldehydes; dialdehydes; amino-formaldehyde resins; further salts of divalent or trivalent metals and oxides thereof. Is mentioned.
- an adhesive commercially available as a sheet-shaped adhesive laminate can be preferably used.
- a sheet-like adhesive laminate can be obtained from Mitsui DuPont Polychemical Co., 3M Co., Ajinomoto Co., Tesa Co., etc.
- "Nucrel (registered trademark)” manufactured by Mitsui DuPont Polychemical Co., Ltd. , N1214, AN4221C, N1560, N0200H, AN4213C, N035C) and "3MTM Optically Clear Adhesive" (product numbers 8171, 8172, 8172P, 8171CL, 8172CL, etc.) of 3M company can be preferably used.
- the adhesive forming the adhesive layer may optionally contain additives if necessary.
- additives include silane coupling agents, coupling agents such as titanium coupling agents, adhesion promoters represented by ethylene oxide, additives that improve wettability with a transparent film, acryloxy group compounds and hydrocarbon-based compounds. (Natural and synthetic resins) and the like, additives for improving mechanical strength and processability, ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, dyes, processing aids, ion trap agents, antioxidants, tackifiers, Examples include fillers (metal oxide particles), fillers containing a water-absorbing polymer, plasticizers, leveling agents, foaming inhibitors, antistatic cracks, heat stabilizers, hydrolysis stabilizers, and other stabilizers.
- the layer thickness of the adhesive layer is not particularly limited as long as the desired adhesiveness is obtained, but it is within the range of 0.5 to 30 ⁇ m in consideration of the thickness and flexibility of the entire laminate. Is preferable, and more preferably within the range of 5 to 25 ⁇ m.
- a pressure sensitive adhesive As the adhesive, the electronic device can be attached only by applying pressure without requiring heat, an organic solvent or the like when forming the adhesive layer.
- Pressure-sensitive adhesives are roughly classified according to the type of material, and examples thereof include adhesives containing epoxy resin, acrylic resin, rubber resin, urethane resin, vinyl ether resin, and silicone resin. it can.
- a solvent type, an emulsion type, a hot melt type and the like can be used. It is preferable to contain either the epoxy resin or the acrylic resin because it has more excellent cohesive force and elasticity, can maintain stable adhesiveness for a long time, and is superior in transparency.
- acrylic resin examples include, for example, SK Dyne 2147 manufactured by Soken Chemical Co., Ltd., PD-S1 manufactured by Panac, and ZB7011W manufactured by DIC.
- a specific example of the epoxy resin is ThreeBond 1655 manufactured by ThreeBond Co., Ltd.
- the adhesive layer according to the present invention is preferable because a peelable film (also referred to as “separator”) is attached to improve the handling property.
- the separator according to the present invention is adjacent to the adhesive layer by being releasably attached to the adhesive layer.
- a separator is not particularly limited as long as it can be releasably attached to the adhesive layer.
- separators include, for example, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, paper, and other base materials coated with silicon, polyalkylene, or fluororesin. Dimensional stability, smoothness, and peeling stability. From the above point, a polyester film coated with silicon is particularly preferable.
- the thickness of the separator is preferably in the range of 10 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 20 to 60 ⁇ m.
- the thickness is 10 ⁇ m or more, the film is free from wrinkles due to heat during coating and drying, and when it is 100 ⁇ m or less, it is preferable from the viewpoint of economy.
- the solvent permeation prevention layer according to the present invention is arranged as a solvent permeation prevention layer containing a light- or thermosetting resin between the adhesive layer and the gas barrier layer. Characterize.
- the layer thickness of the solvent permeation preventive layer is preferably in the range of 1 to 10000 nm, and when it is in the range, it is possible to prevent permeation of the solvent from the gas barrier layer in the coating step, and to make the film thin and flexible. It is preferable from the viewpoint of not inhibiting. In particular, the range of 1 to 500 nm is more preferable from the viewpoint of flexibility, and it is preferable that the light or thermosetting resin is a solventless resin.
- the “solvent-free resin” referred to here is a resin that does not contain a solvent, and is preferably in a liquid state from the viewpoint of processability. Since it is a solvent-free type, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the adhesive layer located below when the solvent permeation preventive layer is formed due to the permeation of the solvent from the solvent permeation preventive layer.
- the solvent permeation preventive layer preferably contains a siloxane resin, an acrylic resin, or an epoxy resin, and particularly preferably a siloxane resin.
- the solvent permeation preventive layer may be formed by an evaporation method of an organic material insoluble in a solvent, but it is preferably formed by coating.
- a material formed by coating it is preferable to use a photocurable or thermosetting solventless monomer, and particularly a solventless photocurable silicone monomer is preferable. After the solventless monomer is applied, a solid thin film is formed by photo-curing and/or heat-curing to form a solvent permeation preventive layer.
- a getter agent that absorbs water and oxygen may be mixed with the solvent permeation preventive layer.
- the solvent permeation preventive layer according to the present invention is a solvent-free type monomer liquid or a coating liquid to which a partially diluted solvent is added for viscosity adjustment is formed between the electrode and the gas barrier layer according to the present invention.
- the forming method is not particularly limited, and spray coating method, spin coating method, blade coating method, dip coating method, casting method, roll coating method, bar coating method, die coating method, coating method such as dispenser, inkjet printing It is preferable to apply by a wet forming method such as a patterning method such as a printing method including a method. Among these, the inkjet printing method described later is preferable.
- the layer thickness of the solvent permeation preventive layer according to the present invention is preferably in the range of 10 nm to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m in terms of a dry film, the stress relaxation property, the solvent permeation prevention property from the gas barrier layer, It is preferable for exhibiting the effect of flattening.
- the acrylic resin contained in the solvent permeation preventive layer is preferably a polymer of a (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer
- an example of the (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer is Acrylic acid ester monomers such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate and phenyl acrylate; Methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate;
- bisphenol type epoxy resin such as bisphenol A type epoxy resin and bisphenol F type epoxy resin; alicyclic epoxy resin; phenol novolac type epoxy resin, cresol novolac type epoxy resin Novolak type epoxy resin such as; triphenol methane type epoxy resin, triphenol alkane type epoxy resin such as triphenol propane type epoxy resin; phenol aralkyl type epoxy resin, biphenyl aralkyl type epoxy resin, stilbene type epoxy resin, naphthalene type epoxy resin , Biphenyl type epoxy resin, cyclopentadiene type epoxy resin and the like.
- a bisphenol type epoxy resin such as a bisphenol A type epoxy resin or a bisphenol F type epoxy resin from the viewpoint of exhibiting the effect of the present invention.
- the solvent permeation preventive layer according to the present invention preferably contains a siloxane-based resin from the viewpoint of adhesion with a gas barrier layer containing an inorganic material in addition to the expression of the solvent permeation preventive function
- a siloxane-based resin polydimethylsiloxane, polymethylphenylsiloxane, polydiphenylsiloxane, or the like can be used.
- a siloxane containing a fluorine atom can also be preferably used.
- the gas barrier layer contains polysilazane and a modified product thereof, it is preferable to contain a siloxane-based resin, which is the same kind of material, from the viewpoint of improving adhesion.
- the siloxane resin used in the solvent permeation preventive layer according to the present invention may be a low molecular weight substance or a high molecular weight substance.
- Particularly preferred are oligomers and polymers, and specific examples thereof include polysiloxane derivatives such as polysiloxane compounds, polydimethylsiloxane compounds and polydimethylsiloxane copolymers. Also, a combination of these compounds may be used.
- the compound having a polysiloxane skeleton has a structure represented by the following general formula (I), and changes the number of repetitions n (a number of 1 or more) in the general formula (I) and the type of the organically modified portion.
- n a number of 1 or more
- the effect of preventing solvent permeation can be arbitrarily controlled.
- n in the general formula (I) or the type of the organic modified portion for example, a structure represented by the following general formula (II) (x and y are numbers of 1 or more representing a repeating number, m is 1 or more), and the silicone skeleton can be modified by adding a side chain.
- R 1 in the general formula (II) include a methyl group, an ethyl group and a decyl group.
- R 2 include a polyether group, a polyester group, an aralkyl group, and the like.
- a compound having a structure represented by the following general formula (III) (m is an integer of 1 or more) can also be used, and the silicone chain is composed of several Si—O bonds and corresponds to R 3 . It has one polyether chain on average.
- polysiloxane compound examples include tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltoxethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -glycid Xypropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyl Partial hydrolysates of silane compounds having hydrolyzable silyl groups such as methyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, ⁇
- polydimethylsiloxane compound examples include polydimethylsiloxane, alkyl-modified polydimethylsiloxane, carboxy-modified polydimethylsiloxane, amino-modified polydimethylsiloxane, epoxy-modified polydimethylsiloxane, fluorine-modified polydimethylsiloxane, (meth)acrylate-modified polydimethylsiloxane.
- GUV-235 manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.
- the polydimethylsiloxane-based copolymer may be a block copolymer, a graft copolymer or a random copolymer, but a block copolymer or a graft copolymer is preferable.
- the commercially available material is not particularly limited as long as it has a silicon atom, but the following materials can be used, for example.
- CORNING TORAY FZ-2222 Kao Corporation Emulgen 102KG, Emulgen 104P, Emulgen 105, Emulgen 106, Emulgen 108, Emulgen 109P, Emulgen 120, Emulgen 123P, Emulgen 147, Emulgen 210P, Emulgen 220, Emulgen 306P, Emulgen 320P, Emulgen 404, Emulgen 408,.
- the compound is preferably contained in the range of 0.005 to 5 mass% with respect to all components excluding the solvent in the material forming the solvent permeation preventive layer.
- the solvent permeation preventive layer according to the present invention after wet coating, the solvent permeation by the step of performing ultraviolet irradiation treatment, flash firing treatment, atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, plasma ion implantation treatment, or heat treatment on the gas barrier layer side surface.
- ultraviolet irradiation treatment flash firing treatment
- atmospheric pressure plasma treatment plasma ion implantation treatment
- heat treatment on the gas barrier layer side surface.
- the contact angle between the standard liquid (pure water is preferred) and the surface of the modified layer was measured according to the method specified in JIS R3257.
- the measurement conditions are a temperature of 25 ⁇ 5° C., a humidity of 50 ⁇ 10%, a standard liquid drop volume of 1 to 4 ⁇ L, and a time from the standard liquid drop to the contact angle measurement within 1 minute.
- a specific operation procedure at a temperature of 23° C., about 1.5 ⁇ L of pure water, which is the standard liquid, is dropped onto the sample, and the sample is sampled by a solid-liquid interface analyzer (DropMaster 500, manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.). The above 5 points are measured, and the average contact angle is obtained from the average of the measured values. The time until the contact angle is measured is measured within 1 minute after dropping the standard liquid.
- the layer thickness of the modified layer is preferably in the range of 1 to 70 nm in order to exert the effects as the stress relaxation property, the solvent permeation prevention property from the gas barrier layer, and the planarization property.
- a more preferable layer thickness is in the range of 10 to 50 nm.
- the modification treatment of the solvent permeation preventive layer in the present invention means a reaction of converting at least a part of the siloxane-based resin into silicon oxide, and the “modified layer” means the carbon component ratio of the unmodified layer.
- the average value of the carbon component ratio is 80 at% or less with respect to the average value of.
- the layer thickness of the modified layer can be obtained by elemental analysis in the layer thickness direction by the following XPS analysis method.
- the XPS analysis method is a method of irradiating a sample with X-rays and measuring the energy of photoelectrons generated to analyze the constituent elements of the sample and their electronic states.
- the element concentration distribution curve (hereinafter referred to as “depth profile”) in the thickness direction of the solvent permeation preventive layer according to the present invention shows the element concentrations of silicon, oxygen and carbon measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and argon (Ar). It is possible to measure by sequentially performing surface composition analysis while exposing the inside from the surface of the solvent permeation preventive layer by using in combination with a rare gas ion sputter such as ).
- the distribution curve obtained by such XPS depth profile measurement can be created, for example, with the atomic concentration ratio of elements (unit: at %) on the vertical axis and the etching time (sputtering time) on the horizontal axis.
- the etching time should be roughly correlated with the distance from the surface of the solvent permeation preventive layer in the thickness direction of the solvent permeation preventive layer in the layer thickness direction.
- the solvent permeation preventive layer calculated from the relationship between the etching rate and the etching time adopted in the XPS depth profile measurement was calculated.
- the distance from the surface can be employed.
- a sputtering method adopted in such XPS depth profile measurement a rare gas ion sputtering method using argon (Ar) as an etching ion species is adopted, and its etching rate (etching rate) is 0.05 nm/sec. (SiO 2 thermal oxide film conversion value) is preferable.
- ⁇ Analyzer QUANTERA SXM made by ULVAC-PHI
- ⁇ X-ray source Monochromatic Al-K ⁇ ⁇ Sputtering ion: Ar (3 keV)
- Depth profile The depth profile in the depth direction is obtained by repeating the measurement with a predetermined thickness interval in terms of SiO 2 converted sputter thickness. The thickness interval was set to 1 nm (data for each 1 nm is obtained in the depth direction).
- -Quantification The background was obtained by the Shirley method, and the peak area was quantified using the relative sensitivity coefficient method.
- MultiPak manufactured by ULVAC-PHI, Inc. is used for data processing.
- a preferred method for modifying the surface of the solvent permeation preventive layer according to the present invention is ultraviolet irradiation treatment.
- a metal halide lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp, a low pressure mercury lamp, a xenon arc lamp, a carbon arc lamp, an excimer lamp, a UV light laser, or the like can be used as the means for generating the ultraviolet rays.
- vacuum ultraviolet irradiation treatment can be mentioned.
- the illumination intensity of the vacuum ultraviolet rays in the coated surface of a siloxane-based resin film is subjected in the range of 30 ⁇ 200mW / cm 2, in the range of 50 ⁇ 160mW / cm 2 More preferable. If it is 30 mW/cm 2 or more, there is no concern that the reforming efficiency will decrease, and if it is 200 mW/cm 2 or less, abrasion is not caused in the coating film and the base material is not damaged, which is preferable.
- Irradiation energy amount of the VUV in siloxane-based resin layer coated surface is preferably in the range of 200 ⁇ 10000mJ / cm 2, and more preferably in the range of 500 ⁇ 5000mJ / cm 2. Within this range, neither cracking nor thermal deformation of the base material occurs.
- the oxygen concentration during vacuum ultraviolet irradiation is preferably in the range of 0.001 to 2.0% by volume, more preferably 0.005 to 0.5% by volume, and further preferably 0.1 to 0%. It is in the range of 0.5% by volume.
- a dry inert gas is preferably used as the gas used for the irradiation of the vacuum ultraviolet ray to fill the irradiation atmosphere, and dry nitrogen gas is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of cost.
- the oxygen concentration can be adjusted by measuring the flow rates of oxygen gas and inert gas introduced into the irradiation chamber and changing the flow rate ratio.
- the solvent permeation preventive layer containing a siloxane resin or the like may be a single layer, but may have a laminated structure of two or more layers from the viewpoint of further enhancing the effect.
- a laminated structure for example, a laminated structure having different kinds of silicon-containing polymers such as polysiloxane/polysilazane may be used. By changing the type, it becomes possible to control the adhesion in addition to the solvent penetration prevention function.
- the solvent permeation preventive layer may be modified by a xenon flash process (flash firing process) using a xenon lamp.
- a xenon flash process flash firing process
- a discharge tube of the flash lamp used in the flash firing treatment a discharge tube of xenon, helium, neon, argon or the like can be used, but it is preferable to use the xenon lamp.
- the preferable spectral band of the flash lamp is in the range of 240 to 2000 nm. Within this range, there is little damage such as thermal deformation of the substrate due to flash firing.
- the light irradiation conditions of the flash lamp are arbitrary, but the total light irradiation energy is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 50 J/cm 2 , and more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 10 J/cm 2. More preferable.
- the light irradiation time is preferably in the range of 10 ⁇ sec to 100 msec, more preferably in the range of 100 ⁇ sec to 10 msec. Further, the light irradiation may be performed once or plural times, and is preferably performed within the range of 1 to 50 times.
- the light irradiation device of the flash lamp may be one that satisfies the above irradiation energy and irradiation time.
- the flash firing can also be performed in an atmosphere of an inert gas such as nitrogen, argon or helium, provided that the atmosphere is within the concentration range of the oxygen-containing substance.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen, argon or helium
- examples of the xenon flash device include "Instantaneous heating/high temperature firing flash lamp annealing" manufactured by Ushio Inc.
- a method by plasma CVD treatment at or near atmospheric pressure can be mentioned as a preferable example.
- the atmospheric pressure plasma discharge treatment apparatus having the configuration described in JP-A-2004-68143 can be used to perform the modification treatment of the solvent permeation preventive layer.
- modification treatment of the solvent permeation preventive layer can be performed by plasma ion implantation treatment.
- the plasma ion implantation device basically includes a vacuum chamber, a microwave power supply, a magnet coil, and a direct current application device (pulse power supply).
- the vacuum chamber is a container for arranging an object to be treated on which a solvent permeation preventive layer coating film is formed at a predetermined position inside the chamber and for performing ion implantation into the coating film.
- the direct-current applying device is a direct-current power supply and is a pulse power supply for applying a high-voltage pulse to the object to be processed.
- the microwave power supply electrode for plasma discharge
- the magnet coil by driving the microwave power supply (electrode for plasma discharge) and the magnet coil, plasma of gas introduced from the gas introduction port around the conductor and the object to be processed is generated. Occur.
- the direct-current applying device is driven, and a high voltage pulse (negative voltage) is applied to the object to be processed through the high voltage introducing terminal and the conductor. Will be applied to.
- the ionic species is not particularly limited.
- ions of rare gases such as argon, helium, neon, krypton, and xenon
- Alkane-based gas ions such as ethylene, propylene, butene, pentene, and other alkene-based gas ions; pentadiene, butadiene, and other alkadiene-based gas ions; acetylene, methylacetylene, and other alkyne-based gas ions; benzene , Ions of aromatic hydrocarbon gases such as toluene, xylene, indene, naphthalene, phenanthrene; ions of cycloalkane gases such as cyclopropane and cyclohexane; ions of cycloalkene gases such as cyclopentene and cyclohexene; gold , Ions of conductive metals such as silver, copper, platinum, nickel, palladium, chromium, titanium, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, and aluminum; ions of silane (SiH 4 ) or organic silicon compounds; and
- At least one selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, helium, neon, xenon, and krypton can be injected more easily and an excellent reforming treatment can be obtained. Ions are preferred.
- the pressure of the vacuum chamber at the time of ion implantation that is, the plasma ion implantation pressure to a value within the range of 0.01 to 1 Pa.
- the applied voltage high voltage pulse/negative voltage
- the applied voltage high voltage pulse/negative voltage
- a value within the range of -1 to -15 kV is more preferable, and a value within the range of -5 to -8 kV is further preferable.
- a plasma ion implantation device (RF power supply: manufactured by JEOL Ltd., RF56000, high voltage pulse power supply: Kurita Manufacturing Co., Ltd., PV-3-HSHV-0835) was used to form a solvent permeation preventive layer.
- RF power supply manufactured by JEOL Ltd., RF56000
- high voltage pulse power supply Kurita Manufacturing Co., Ltd., PV-3-HSHV-0835
- a modification treatment can be performed.
- the modification treatment of the solvent permeation preventive layer can also be performed by heat treatment, and it is preferable to perform the modification treatment in combination with the above various treatments at an appropriate temperature.
- a method such as a heating oven or an infrared heater can be used.
- the solvent permeation preventive layer according to the present invention may contain the same additives as necessary, as with the adhesive forming the adhesive layer.
- an organic metal oxide layer having an equivalent function may be arranged as an alternative to the modified layer.
- it is preferably an organic metal oxide layer containing an organic metal oxide having a structure represented by the general formula (A), and an organic metal oxide film formed by a sol-gel method.
- the organic metal oxide is preferably a metal alkoxide coordinate-substituted with hydrofluoric alcohol.
- the metal alkoxide not only promotes reforming and improves adhesion at the time of lamination due to the catalytic effect on the solvent permeation prevention layer and gas barrier layer, but it is also atmospherically stable due to coordination substitution with fluorinated alcohol. It is preferable because it has excellent productivity.
- the organic metal oxide used is a monomer or polycondensate of an organic metal oxide obtained by alcohol-decomposing a metal alkoxide by alcoholysis in the presence of excess alcohol. At that time, by using a long-chain alcohol in which a fluorine atom is substituted at the ⁇ -position of the hydroxy group, an organic metal oxide containing a fluorinated alkoxide is obtained.
- the organometallic oxide can accelerate the sol-gel reaction and form a polycondensate by sintering or irradiating with ultraviolet rays.
- the frequency factor of water existing around the metal in the metal alkoxide is reduced by the water repellent effect of fluorine, and thus the hydrolysis rate is increased. Is reduced, and by utilizing this phenomenon, a three-dimensional polymerization reaction can be suppressed and a uniform and dense organometallic oxide layer containing a desired organometallic oxide can be formed.
- the organometallic oxide contained in the organometallic oxide layer according to the present invention is a compound shown in Reaction Scheme I below.
- “M” in the “OM” part has a further substituent, but it is omitted.
- the organometallic oxide layer formed by polycondensation of the above organometallic oxide by sintering or ultraviolet irradiation is hydrolyzed by water vapor (H 2 O) which is a gas component from the outside according to the following reaction scheme II. Decomposes and releases fluorinated alcohol (R'-OH), contributing to atmospheric stabilization.
- H 2 O water vapor
- R'-OH fluorinated alcohol
- the organic metal oxide layer according to the present invention preferably contains an organic metal oxide having a structure represented by the following general formula (A) as a main component.
- the “main component” is preferably the organic metal oxide that releases at least 70% by mass of the total weight of the organic metal oxide layer, and more preferably the organic metal oxide. It means 80% by mass or more, particularly preferably 90% by mass or more.
- R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, an acyl group, an alkoxy group, or a heterocyclic group.
- M may represent a metal atom, M represents a metal atom, OR 1 represents a fluorinated alkoxy group, x represents a valence of the metal atom, y represents an arbitrary integer between 1 and x, and n represents a weight. Represents the degree of condensation.) Further, it is preferable that the fluorine ratio of the organic metal oxide layer according to the present invention satisfies the following formula (a).
- the significance of the measurement of the formula (a) is to quantify that the organometallic oxide layer produced by the sol-gel method requires a certain amount of fluorine atoms or more.
- F and C in the above formula (a) represent the concentrations of fluorine atom and carbon atom, respectively.
- the preferable range of the formula (a) is 0.2 ⁇ F/(C+F) ⁇ 0.6.
- the above-mentioned fluorine ratio is obtained by applying a sol/gel solution used for forming an organic metal oxide layer on a silicon wafer to form a thin film, and then forming the thin film on SEM/EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy: energy dispersive X-ray). Elemental analysis by an analyzer can determine the concentrations of fluorine atom and carbon atom, respectively.
- SEM/EDS device is JSM-IT100 (made by JEOL Ltd.).
- ⁇ SEM/EDS analysis is characterized by high speed, high sensitivity, and accurate element detection.
- the organometallic oxide according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can be produced by using the sol-gel method, and examples thereof include the metals and silicons introduced in “Science of sol-gel method” P13 and P20. , Lithium, sodium, copper, magnesium, calcium, bismuth, hafnium, niobium, strontium, barium, zinc, boron, aluminum, gallium, yttrium, silicon, germanium, lead, phosphorus, antimony, vanadium, tantalum, tungsten, lanthanum, neodymium Examples thereof include metal oxides containing at least one metal selected from titanium, zirconium, platinum, silver, and gold.
- the metal atom represented by M is silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), bismuth (Bi), hafnium ( Hf), niobium (Nb), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), and gold (Au) are preferably selected from the viewpoint of obtaining the effect of the present invention.
- OR 1 represents a fluorinated alkoxy group.
- R 1 represents an alkyl group substituted with at least one fluorine atom, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, an acyl group, an alkoxy group or a heterocyclic group. Specific examples of each substituent will be described later.
- R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, an acyl group, an alkoxy group, or a heterocyclic group. Alternatively, at least a part of hydrogen of each group may be replaced with halogen. It may also be a polymer.
- the alkyl group is substituted or unsubstituted, and specific examples thereof include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group.
- the number is preferably 8 or more.
- these oligomers and polymers may be used.
- the alkenyl group is a substituted or unsubstituted group, and specific examples thereof include a vinyl group, an allyl group, a butenyl group, a pentenyl group, and a hexenyl group, and those having 8 or more carbon atoms are preferable. Moreover, these oligomers and polymers may be used.
- the aryl group is a substituted or unsubstituted group, and specific examples thereof include a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a 4-cyanophenyl group, a biphenyl group, an o,m,p-terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthranyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, Examples thereof include a fluorenyl group, a 9-phenylanthranyl group, a 9,10-diphenylanthranyl group, and a pyrenyl group, and those having 8 or more carbon atoms are preferable. Moreover, these oligomers and polymers may be used.
- substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group examples include a methoxy group, an n-butoxy group, a tert-butoxy group, a trichloromethoxy group, a trifluoromethoxy group, and the like, and those having 8 or more carbon atoms are preferable.
- these oligomers and polymers may be used.
- substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group examples include cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, norbonane group, adamantane group, 4-methylcyclohexyl group, 4-cyanocyclohexyl group and the like, preferably those having 8 or more carbon atoms. Good. Moreover, these oligomers and polymers may be used.
- substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group pyrrole group, pyrroline group, pyrazole group, pyrazoline group, imidazole group, triazole group, pyridine group, pyridazine group, pyrimidine group, pyrazine group, triazine group, indole group, Benzimidazole group, purine group, quinoline group, isoquinoline group, shinoline group, quinoxaline group, benzoquinoline group, fluorenone group, dicyanofluorenone group, carbazole group, oxazole group, oxadiazole group, thiazole group, thiadiazole group, benzoxazole group , Benzothiazole group, benzotriazole group, bisbenzoxazole group, bisbenzothiazole group, bisbenzimidazole group and the like.
- these oligomers and polymers may be used.
- substituted or unsubstituted acyl group examples include formyl group, acetyl group, propionyl group, butyryl group, isobutyryl group, valeryl group, isovaleryl group, pivaloyl group, lauroyl group, myristoyl group, palmitoyl group, stearoyl group, oxalyl group.
- the above metal alkoxide, metal carboxylate and fluoroalcohol (R′-OH) become the organic metal oxide according to the present invention by the following reaction scheme III.
- Examples of (R'-OH) include the structures of F-1 to F-16 below.
- Examples of the metal alkoxide or metal carboxylate according to the present invention include compounds represented by the following M(OR) n or M(OCOR) n, and the organometallic oxide according to the present invention is the above-mentioned (R'-OH:F -1 to F-16), compounds having the structures of the following exemplified compound numbers 1 to 135 (see the exemplified compounds I, II and III below) are obtained.
- the organometallic oxide according to the present invention is not limited to this.
- the method for producing an organic metal oxide according to the present invention is characterized in that it is produced using a mixed solution of metal alkoxide and fluorinated alcohol.
- Reaction Scheme IV of Exemplified Compound No. 1 As an example of the reaction, Reaction Scheme IV of Exemplified Compound No. 1 and the structure of the organic metal oxide when applied to the organic metal oxide layer are shown below.
- the method for producing an organic metal oxide according to the present invention is a method in which a fluorinated alcohol is added to a metal alkoxide or a metal carboxylate, and the mixture is stirred and mixed, and then water and a catalyst are added as necessary to react at a predetermined temperature.
- a method can be mentioned.
- a substance that can be a catalyst for the hydrolysis/polymerization reaction as shown below may be added for the purpose of promoting the hydrolysis/polycondensation reaction.
- What is used as a catalyst for the hydrolysis/polymerization reaction of the sol-gel reaction is "Technology for producing functional thin film by the latest sol-gel method” (Shiro Hirashima, General Technology Center Co., Ltd., P29) and "sol-gel”. It is a catalyst used in a general sol-gel reaction described in "Science of Law” (Sakuo Sakuo, Agne Jofusha, P154).
- acid catalysts include inorganic and organic acids such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, and toluenesulfonic acid
- alkali catalysts include alkali metal such as ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide.
- Quaternary ammonium hydroxides such as hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, ammonia, triethylamine, tributylamine, morpholine, pyridine, piperidine, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine Amines such as triethanolamine, aminosilanes such as 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and the like.
- the preferred amount of the catalyst used is 2 molar equivalents or less, and more preferably 1 molar equivalent or less, relative to 1 mole of the metal alkoxide or metal carboxylate that is a raw material for the organic metal oxide.
- the preferred amount of water added is 40 molar equivalents or less, and more preferably 10 molar equivalents or less, relative to 1 mole of the metal alkoxide or metal carboxylate that is a raw material for the organic metal oxide. And more preferably 5 molar equivalents or less.
- the preferable reaction concentration, temperature, and time for the sol-gel reaction cannot be unequivocally stated because the type and molecular weight of the metal alkoxide or metal carboxylate used and the respective conditions are interrelated. That is, when the molecular weight of the alkoxide or the metal carboxylate is high, or when the reaction concentration is high, if the reaction temperature is set high or the reaction time is too long, the reaction product is accompanied by hydrolysis and polycondensation reaction. Has a higher molecular weight, which may result in higher viscosity or gelation. Therefore, a generally preferable reaction concentration is approximately 1 to 50% by mass concentration of solid content in the solution, and more preferably 5 to 30%.
- the reaction temperature is usually 0 to 150° C., preferably 1 to 100° C., more preferably 20 to 60° C., although the reaction time depends on the reaction time, and the reaction time is preferably about 1 to 50 hours.
- the polycondensation product of the organic metal oxide forms an organic metal oxide layer, and absorbs moisture to form the following oligomer according to the following reaction scheme V, which contributes to improvement of atmospheric stability. Further, in the layer, there is a portion that remains as OR', but not so much that it affects the adhesion.
- the organic metal oxide layer according to the present invention is a coating solution prepared by preparing a coating solution containing the organic metal oxide of the present invention and coating it on the solvent permeation preventive layer and sintering or irradiating it with ultraviolet rays to form polycondensation. By doing so, it can be formed.
- organic solvent examples include, for example, aliphatic hydrocarbons, alicyclic hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon solvents such as aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbon solvents, or Ethers such as aliphatic ethers and alicyclic ethers can be appropriately used.
- the concentration of the organic metal oxide according to the present invention in the coating liquid varies depending on the target thickness and the pot life of the coating liquid, but is preferably about 0.2 to 35% by mass. It is also preferable to add a catalyst that accelerates polymerization to the coating liquid.
- the prepared coating liquid includes a coating method such as a spray coating method, a spin coating method, a blade coating method, a dip coating method, a casting method, a roll coating method, a bar coating method, a die coating method, an inkjet printing method, and a dispenser method.
- a wet forming method such as a patterning method such as a printing method can be used, and it can be used depending on the material.
- the inkjet printing method is preferable.
- the inkjet printing method is not particularly limited, and a known method can be adopted.
- the method of discharging the coating liquid from the inkjet head by the inkjet printing method may be either an on-demand method or a continuous method.
- the on-demand inkjet head is an electro-mechanical conversion method such as a single cavity type, a double cavity type, a bender type, a piston type, a shared mode type and a shared wall type, or a thermal inkjet type and a bubble jet (registered trademark). ) Type or other electric-heat conversion method.
- ultraviolet light that can undergo a polymerization reaction at a low temperature.
- ultraviolet light is preferable for improving the smoothness of the thin film surface. preferable.
- examples of the means for generating ultraviolet rays in the ultraviolet treatment include metal halide lamps, high pressure mercury lamps, low pressure mercury lamps, xenon arc lamps, carbon arc lamps, excimer lamps, and UV light lasers.
- UV irradiation can be applied to both batch processing and continuous processing, and can be appropriately selected depending on the shape of the base material used.
- the base material forming the organic metal oxide layer is in the form of a long film, it should be carried out by continuously irradiating it with ultraviolet rays in a drying zone equipped with the above-mentioned ultraviolet ray source while transporting it.
- the time required for UV irradiation depends on the composition and concentration of the base material used and the desiccant-containing coating liquid, but is generally 0.1 second to 10 minutes, and preferably 0.5 second to 3 minutes.
- the energy coated surface receives is preferably 1.0 J / cm 2 or more, and more preferably 1.5 J / cm 2 or more.
- it is preferably 14.0J / cm 2 or less, more preferably 12.0J / cm 2 or less, is 10.0J / cm 2 or less Is particularly preferable.
- the oxygen concentration at the time of irradiation with ultraviolet rays is preferably 300 to 10000 volume ppm (1 volume %), more preferably 500 to 5000 volume ppm. By adjusting the oxygen concentration within such a range, it is possible to prevent the organic metal oxide layer from becoming excessive in oxygen and prevent deterioration of water absorption.
- a dry inert gas as a gas other than oxygen during the irradiation of ultraviolet rays, and it is particularly preferable to use dry nitrogen gas from the viewpoint of cost.
- gas barrier layer is preferably a layer obtained by applying a coating solution containing at least polysilazane and performing a modification treatment on the dried layer (hereinafter, referred to as gas barrier layer). Sometimes called polysilazane layer.)
- the layer thickness after drying of the gas barrier layer is preferably in the range of 5 to 1000 nm, more preferably in the range of 10 to 800 nm, and particularly preferably in the range of 50 to 500 nm as well. It is preferable from the viewpoint of compatibility of both properties.
- Polysilazane is a polymer having a silicon-nitrogen bond, SiO 2 , Si 3 N 4 having a bond such as Si—N, Si—H, N—H, and a ceramic such as both intermediate solid solutions SiO x N y. It is a precursor inorganic polymer.
- polysilazane preferably has a partial structure represented by the following general formula (1).
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, aryl group, vinyl group or (trialkoxysilyl)alkyl group. .. In this case, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 may be the same or different.
- examples of the alkyl group include linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- examples include -hexyl group, n-heptyl group, n-octyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, cyclopropyl group, cyclopentyl group and cyclohexyl group.
- the aryl group include aryl groups having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
- non-condensed hydrocarbon groups such as phenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group; pentarenyl group, indenyl group, naphthyl group, azulenyl group, heptanenyl group, biphenylenyl group, fluorenyl group, acenaphthylenyl group, preadenyl group.
- Condensed polycyclic hydrocarbon groups such as acenaphthenyl group, phenalenyl group, phenanthryl group, anthryl group, fluoranthenyl group, acephenanthrylenyl group, aceanthrylenyl group, triphenylenyl group, pyrenyl group, chrysenyl group, naphthacenyl group, etc.
- Condensed polycyclic hydrocarbon groups such as acenaphthenyl group, phenalenyl group, phenanthryl group, anthryl group, fluoranthenyl group, acephenanthrylenyl group, aceanthrylenyl group, triphenylenyl group, pyrenyl group, chrysenyl group, naphthacenyl group, etc.
- Examples of the (trialkoxysilyl)alkyl group include an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms having a silyl
- R 1 to R 3 More specific examples include a 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl group and a 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl group.
- the substituents optionally present in R 1 to R 3 are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an alkyl group, a halogen atom, a hydroxy group (—OH), a mercapto group (—SH), a cyano group (—CN), There are a sulfo group (-SO 3 H), a carboxy group (-COOH), a nitro group (-NO 2 ), and the like. Note that the substituents that may be present in some cases are not the same as the substituents R 1 to R 3 .
- R 1 to R 3 are alkyl groups, they are not further substituted with alkyl groups.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are preferably hydrogen atom, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, phenyl group, vinyl group, 3 It is a -(triethoxysilyl)propyl group or a 3-(trimethoxysilylpropyl) group.
- n is an integer, and it is preferable that the polysilazane having the structure represented by the general formula (1) has a number average molecular weight of 150 to 150,000 g/mol.
- one of the preferable embodiments is perhydropolysilazane in which all of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen atoms.
- Polysilazane is marketed as a solution dissolved in an organic solvent, and a commercially available product can be used as it is as a coating liquid for forming a gas barrier layer.
- examples of commercially available polysilazane solutions include Aquamica (registered trademark) NN120-10, NN120-20, NAX120-20, NN110, NN310, NN320, NL110A, NL120A, NL120-20, NL150A, and NP110 manufactured by AZ Electronic Materials Co., Ltd. , NP140, SP140, and polysilazane manufactured by DNF Co., Ltd., and the like.
- the content of polysilazane in the gas barrier layer before the modification treatment may be 100 mass% when the total mass of the gas barrier layer is 100 mass %.
- the polysilazane content in the layer is preferably 10% by mass or more and 99% by mass or less, and 40% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less. Is more preferable, and particularly preferably 70% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less.
- the coating liquid for forming the gas barrier layer preferably contains an aluminum compound from the viewpoint of improving the heat resistance of the gas barrier layer, and examples of the aluminum compound include aluminum trimethoxide and aluminum triethoxide.
- the aluminum compound include aluminum trimethoxide and aluminum triethoxide.
- AMD aluminum diisopropylate mono-sec-butyrate
- ASBD aluminum secondary butyrate
- ALCH aluminum ethylacetoacetate diisopropylate
- the content in the coating liquid for forming the gas barrier layer is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, and more preferably 1 to 5% by mass.
- polysilazane which is ceramicized at a low temperature a polysilazane having a main skeleton composed of a unit represented by the general formula (1), and a silicon alkoxide-added polysilazane obtained by reacting silicon alkoxide (for example, JP-A-5-238827), glycidol-added polysilazanes obtained by reacting glycidol (see, for example, JP-A-6-122852), alcohol-added polysilazanes obtained by reacting alcohol (see, for example, JP-A-5-238852).
- a metal carboxylate-added polysilazane obtained by reacting a metal carboxylate see, for example, JP-A-6-299118
- a metal-containing acetylacetonate complex for example, JP-A-6-306329
- polysilazane containing metal fine particles obtained by adding metal fine particles see, for example, JP-A-7-196986
- the gas barrier layer in the same manner as the solvent permeation preventive layer described above by a wet forming method or an inkjet printing method.
- the wet forming method applicable to the formation of the gas barrier layer the above-mentioned spin coating method, casting method, screen printing method, die coating method, blade coating method, roll coating method, spray coating method, curtain coating method, LB method (Langmuir- (Blodgett method), a dispenser, and the like, and a die coating method, a roll coating method, a spray coating method and the like are preferable from the viewpoint of easily obtaining a uniform thin film and high productivity.
- the gas barrier layer according to the present invention preferably contains polysilazane and a modified product thereof, and can be obtained, for example, by modifying the polysilazane in the polysilazane-containing gas barrier layer formed by the wet forming method.
- the modification treatment means a reaction of converting a part or all of polysilazane into silicon oxide or silicon oxynitride.
- the modification treatment it is preferable to perform the vacuum ultraviolet ray irradiation treatment described in the modification treatment method of the solvent permeation preventive layer.
- composition of silicon oxynitride in a layer obtained by subjecting a layer containing polysilazane to vacuum ultraviolet irradiation can be adjusted by appropriately combining the above-mentioned oxidation mechanisms (1) to (4) to control the oxidation state. ..
- the modification of polysilazane has restrictions on the UV intensity of the lamp, irradiation time, temperature conditions during irradiation, etc. in ordinary production, and even if the reactions of (1) to (4) above occur, the polysilazane in the layer may be modified. It is difficult to convert all of the polysilazane, so that the polysilazane modification treatment on a production basis often leaves unmodified polysilazane in the range of several percent.
- the conditions such as the illuminance, the irradiation energy amount, the selection of the light source, the oxygen concentration at the time of irradiation, and the heat treatment are the same as those described above for the solvent permeation preventive layer. Irradiation conditions can be appropriately used.
- paragraphs “0055” to “0091” of JP2012-086394A, paragraphs “0049” to “0085” of JP2012-0061154A, and JP2011-251460A can be used.
- the contents described in paragraphs “0046” to “0074” of the publication can be referred to.
- FIGS. 2A to 2D show schematic diagrams of the manufacturing flow of the touch panel sensor.
- Examples of the substrate used for the touch panel sensor (10) include colorless and transparent glass and a resin film or sheet.
- the resin used for such a substrate include polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN); polyolefin resins such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and cyclopolyolefin; polyamides.
- resins a resin selected from polyester resins, polyimide resins, cyclopolyolefin resins, and polycarbonate resins is particularly preferable. Moreover, these resins can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the thickness of the base material is preferably in the range of 5 to 500 ⁇ m in consideration of stability during manufacturing.
- the electrode (12) is, for example, a metal pattern electrode formed by patterning a transparent conductive film made of indium tin oxide (ITO), silver (Ag) or copper (Cu) into a predetermined shape. Is preferably formed.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- Ag silver
- Cu copper
- it is preferably formed by an etching solution by a photolithography method.
- it is also preferable to form by an inkjet printing method.
- the line width of the electrode to be formed is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the photolithography method applied to the present invention includes the steps of coating a resist such as curable resin, preheating, exposing, developing (removing uncured resin), rinsing, etching treatment with an etching solution, and resist stripping.
- a resist such as curable resin
- preheating exposing
- developing removing uncured resin
- rinsing etching treatment with an etching solution
- resist stripping resist stripping.
- the metal thin film layer can be processed into a predetermined pattern, and the shape of the pattern can be changed appropriately.
- a conventionally known general photolithography method can be appropriately used.
- the resist either a positive type resist or a negative type resist can be used.
- a pattern mask having a predetermined pattern is arranged, and light having a wavelength suitable for the resist used, generally ultraviolet rays, electron beams, or the like may be irradiated from above.
- development is performed with a developing solution suitable for the resist used.
- the resist pattern is formed by stopping the development and washing with a rinse liquid such as water.
- the formed resist pattern is pre-treated or post-baked if necessary, and then is etched with an etching solution containing an organic solvent to dissolve the solvent permeation preventive layer and silver in the region not protected by the resist.
- the thin film electrode is removed. After etching, the remaining resist is peeled off to obtain a transparent electrode having a predetermined pattern.
- the smoothing layer (13) is formed so as to cover the electrode pattern and smoothes it.
- the smoothing layer can be formed, for example, by applying a coating liquid containing a photosensitive resin and curing the coating liquid.
- a photosensitive resin for example, a resin composition containing an acrylate compound having a radical reactive unsaturated compound, a resin composition containing an acrylate compound and a mercapto compound having a thiol group, epoxy acrylate, urethane acrylate, polyester acrylate, poly The resin composition etc. which melt
- the laminate of the present invention is laminated on a flexible substrate to form a gas barrier substrate, which is used for preparation of an organic electroluminescence element (hereinafter referred to as an organic EL element).
- an organic EL element an organic electroluminescence element
- the laminate of the present invention can be formed into a thin film, a long-life organic EL element can be obtained without causing film cracking due to a thick film.
- 3A to 3D show schematic diagrams of a manufacturing flow of an organic EL element using paper or cloth as a flexible substrate.
- the paper or cloth (21) a commercially available product can be used, and the material is not particularly limited.
- the thickness is appropriately selected, it is preferably in the range of 100 to 1000 ⁇ m, and more preferably in the range of 100 to 500 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of weight reduction.
- the organic EL element unit (22) is formed on the gas barrier layer (4) of the laminate (1) of the present invention by a vapor deposition method or a wet formation method.
- JP-A-2013-157634 JP-A-2013-168552, JP-A-2013-177361, JP-A-2013-187211, and JP-A-2013-187211.
- the configurations described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2014-017494 and the like can be mentioned.
- the laminate of the present invention is preferably applied as a gas barrier layer of the organic photoelectric conversion element.
- the photoelectric conversion element and solar cell will be described below. Although the laminated body of the present invention is omitted in the drawing, the entire element is covered with the laminated body of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a solar cell having a single configuration (a bulk heterojunction layer having one layer) including a bulk heterojunction type organic photoelectric conversion element.
- a bulk heterojunction type organic photoelectric conversion device 200 has a transparent electrode (anode 202 ), a hole transport layer (207 ), a bulk heterojunction layer photoelectric conversion part () on one surface of a substrate (201 ). 204), an electron transport layer (also referred to as a buffer layer, 208), and a counter electrode (cathode 203) are sequentially stacked.
- the substrate (201) is a member that holds the transparent electrode (202), the photoelectric conversion unit (204), and the counter electrode (203) that are sequentially stacked. In this embodiment, since the photoelectrically converted light is incident from the substrate (201) side, the substrate (201) can transmit the photoelectrically converted light, that is, the light to be photoelectrically converted. It is preferable that the member is transparent to the wavelength.
- the substrate (201) for example, a glass substrate or a resin substrate is used.
- This substrate (201) is not essential, and for example, a bulk heterojunction type organic photoelectric conversion element (200) is formed by forming a transparent electrode (202) and a counter electrode (203) on both sides of a photoelectric conversion part (204). May be done.
- the photoelectric conversion unit (204) is a layer that converts light energy into electric energy, and is configured to have a bulk heterojunction layer in which a p-type semiconductor material and an n-type semiconductor material are uniformly mixed.
- the p-type semiconductor material relatively functions as an electron donor (donor)
- the n-type semiconductor material relatively functions as an electron acceptor (acceptor).
- an electron donor and an electron acceptor are "an electron donor that, when absorbing light, moves from the electron donor to the electron acceptor to form a pair of holes and electrons (charge separation state).
- electron acceptor which donates or accepts an electron by a photoreaction, rather than simply donating or accepting an electron like an electrode.
- FIG. 4 light incident from the transparent electrode (202) through the substrate (201) is absorbed by an electron acceptor or an electron donor in the bulk heterojunction layer of the photoelectric conversion unit (204), and an electron is emitted from the electron donor. Electrons move to the acceptor, and a pair of holes and electrons (charge separation state) is formed. The generated electric charge causes electrons to pass between the electron acceptors due to an internal electric field, for example, the potential difference between the transparent electrode (202) and the counter electrode (203) when the work functions of the transparent electrode (202) and the counter electrode (203) are different. Further, the holes pass between the electron donors and are carried to different electrodes, and the photocurrent is detected.
- it may have other layers such as a hole blocking layer, an electron blocking layer, an electron injection layer, a hole injection layer, or a smoothing layer.
- tandem type structure a structure having a plurality of bulk heterojunction layers in which such photoelectric conversion elements are stacked may be used.
- Examples of the material that can be used for the layer as described above include the n-type semiconductor material and the p-type semiconductor material described in paragraphs 0045 to 0113 of JP-A-2015-149483.
- the electrodes constituting the organic photoelectric conversion element it is preferable to use the same anode and cathode as those used in the organic EL element.
- the positive charge and the negative charge generated in the bulk heterojunction layer are extracted from the transparent electrode and the counter electrode via the p-type organic semiconductor material and the n-type organic semiconductor material, respectively. It functions as a battery.
- Each electrode is required to have characteristics suitable for a carrier passing through the electrode.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element has a hole transport layer/electron block layer between the bulk heterojunction layer and the transparent electrode because it is possible to more efficiently take out the charges generated in the bulk heterojunction layer.
- a hole transport layer/electron block layer between the bulk heterojunction layer and the transparent electrode because it is possible to more efficiently take out the charges generated in the bulk heterojunction layer.
- PEDOT such as Clevios manufactured by Heraeus, polyaniline and a doped material thereof, and a cyan compound described in WO2006/019270 can be used.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element by forming an electron transport layer, a hole blocking layer, and a buffer layer between the bulk heterojunction layer and the counter electrode, it is possible to more efficiently extract the charges generated in the bulk heterojunction layer. Therefore, it is preferable to have these layers.
- the organic photoelectric conversion element may have various optical functional layers for the purpose of more efficient reception of sunlight.
- the optical functional layer for example, an antireflection film, a light collecting layer such as a microlens array, or a light diffusing layer that scatters the light reflected by the counter electrode and makes it incident on the bulk heterojunction layer again may be provided. Good.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view showing the structure of the organic thin-film transistor.
- the laminate of the present invention is preferably applied as a gas barrier layer of an organic thin film transistor.
- the laminated body of the present invention is omitted in the drawing, the entire transistor is covered with the laminated body as in the above-described organic photoelectric conversion element.
- FIG. 5A shows that a source electrode (302) and a drain electrode (303) are formed on a support (306) with a metal foil or the like, and an organic semiconductor material described in Table 2009/101862 is provided between both electrodes.
- a charge transfer thin film (organic semiconductor layer 301) made of 6,13-bistriisopropylsilylethynylpentacene is formed, an insulating layer (305) is formed thereon, and a gate electrode (304) is further formed thereon.
- a field effect transistor is formed.
- FIG. 5B shows an organic semiconductor layer (301) formed between the electrodes in FIG. 5A, and formed so as to cover the entire surface of the electrode and the support by using a coating method or the like.
- FIG. 5C shows that an organic semiconductor layer (301) is first formed on a support (306) by a coating method or the like, and then a source electrode (302), a drain electrode (303), an insulating layer (305), and a gate.
- the electrode (304) is formed.
- FIG. 5D shows that after the gate electrode (304) is formed on the support (306) with a metal foil or the like, an insulating layer (305) is formed, and the source electrode (302) and the drain electrode are formed on the insulating layer (305). (303) is formed, and an organic semiconductor layer (301) formed of the luminescent composition of the present invention is formed between the electrodes.
- FIGS. 5E and 5F it is also possible to take a configuration as shown in FIGS. 5E and 5F.
- Example 1 Each of the following liquid agents was applied to a sheet-like adhesive (made by 3M) with a release film by spin coating, surface modification, lamination of a gas barrier layer, etc. The observation results, the light transmittance, the adhesive strength of the adhesive on the release film surface, and the bending test were evaluated.
- the laminate 101 was produced by the following operation.
- ⁇ Adhesive layer> A sheet-shaped adhesive with a release film (manufactured by 3M) having an adhesive layer thickness of 25 ⁇ m was used.
- UV-PDMS KER-4690 UV-curable polydimethylsiloxane manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the above-mentioned UV-curable resin was spin-coated on the adhesive layer in a layer thickness of 250 nm and irradiated with UV: 365 nm.
- a laminate 103 was produced in the same manner as in the production of the laminate 101, except that the layer thickness of the solvent permeation preventive layer was changed to 5000 nm.
- a laminate 104 was prepared in the same manner as in the production of the laminate 1, except that DIALAL BR85 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd., acrylic resin Mw: 280000) was used as the acrylic resin instead of the UV-PDMS KER-4690. It was made.
- DIALAL BR85 manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd., acrylic resin Mw: 280000
- a laminate was prepared in the same manner except that a liquid bisphenol A type epoxy resin (“828EL” manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.) was used as the epoxy resin instead of the UV-PDMS KER-4690.
- the body 105 was produced.
- UV-PDMS KER-4690 UV-curable polydimethylsiloxane manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. is spin-coated on the adhesive layer in a layer thickness of 250 nm, and UV: 365 nm is 3 J/cm 2. After irradiating for 1 minute under the irradiation conditions of No. 1, the surface modification treatment shown in Table I below was performed, and laminates 106 to 108 were produced.
- Plasma ion implantation process Using a plasma ion implantation device (RF power supply: JEOL Ltd., RF56000, high-voltage pulse power supply: Kurita Manufacturing Co., Ltd., PV-3-HSHV-0835) on the surface of the solvent permeation preventive layer obtained. Plasma ion implantation was performed under the condition of 2 J/cm 2 .
- the carbon component ratio of the solvent permeation prevention layer surface depth 0 to 70 nm is 12 at% on average, and the carbon component ratio of the surface depth 70 to 250 nm is 30 at% on average. It was found that it was modified by the thickness of.
- a modified layer has a carbon component ratio lower than that of a normal layer. High energy irradiation decomposes and volatilizes the carbon component, so it is generally said that the lower the carbon component, the more dense the film.
- the flash firing treatment and the plasma ion implantation treatment were modified, but the degree of modification was weak.
- the coating liquid containing PHPS was a dibutyl ether solution containing 20% by mass of PHPS (NN120-20, manufactured by AZ Electronic Materials Co., Ltd.) and an amine catalyst (N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1, 20% by mass of PHPS containing 6-diaminohexane (TMDAH) in a dibutyl ether solution (AZ Electronic Materials Co., Ltd., NAX120-20) was mixed at a ratio of 4:1 (mass ratio), and further dried layer thickness.
- a coating solution was prepared by appropriately diluting with dibutyl ether for adjustment.
- a laminate 110 was produced in the same manner as in the production of the laminate 109, except that a sheet-like adhesive with release film (manufactured by 3M Co.) having an adhesive layer thickness of 5 ⁇ m was used.
- the above UV-PDMS KER-4690 diluted with a cyclic siloxane solvent (DMCPS: decamethylcyclopentasiloxane) at a mixing mass ratio of PDMS/DMCPS: 1/12 is used.
- a laminated body 111 was produced in the same manner except that it was used.
- a layered product 112 was produced in the same manner except that the following sol-gel solution was used instead of PHPS used for the gas barrier layer and the formed gas barrier layer was heated at 100° C. for 30 minutes. ..
- the laminated body 113 was produced in the same manner except that the following TEOS liquid was used instead of PHPS used for the gas barrier layer.
- ⁇ TEOS liquid> In a glove box under a dry nitrogen atmosphere with a water concentration of 1 ppm or less, a 0.1M concentration of tetraethoxysilane (Si(OET) 4 ) dehydrated tetrafluoropropanol solution was prepared, and the humidity was 50% enclosed in a glass syringe. 40 mL of air was bubbled and the solution immediately returned to the glove box was used as a TEOS solution.
- Si(OET) 4 tetraethoxysilane
- the light transmittance was calculated from the absorptance (%) of light having a wavelength of 450 nm of each sample.
- the light absorptance was measured using a spectrophotometer U-4100 manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation.
- the light transmittance was ranked according to the following evaluation criteria. The higher the light transmittance, the higher the transparency as a laminate.
- Light transmittance is greater than 95% 4: Light transmittance is greater than 90% and 95% or less 3: Light transmittance is greater than 85% and 90% or less 2: Light transmittance is 70% Larger and 85% or less 1: Light transmittance is 70% or less (3) Evaluation of Adhesive Strength Each sample prepared was bonded to a 125 ⁇ m thick polyethylene terephthalate film (PET film).
- PET film polyethylene terephthalate film
- the sample was placed in a glove box, and the sheet-shaped adhesive surface from which the release film had been removed was bonded to the PET film using a vacuum laminating device. At this time, heating at 110° C. was performed. Further, the adhered sample was placed on a hot plate set at 110° C. and cured for 30 minutes.
- the adhesive strength of the laminated sample was evaluated by the following cross-cut method.
- the number of cracks in the light emitting area of 100 cm 2 is less than 5 ⁇ : The number of cracks in the light emitting area of 100 cm 2 is 5 or more and less than 50 ⁇ : The structure of the laminate having the number of cracks in the light emitting area of 100 cm 2 is 50 or more The evaluation results are shown in Table I.
- the solvent penetration preventing layer on the adhesive layer particularly contained a siloxane resin.
- VUV Volts: 172 nm
- the layered product of the present invention composed of the adhesive/solvent permeation preventive layer/gas barrier layer can significantly reduce the film thickness as compared with the conventional adhesive-only structure, thereby increasing the flexibility. It was found that the layered product of the present invention composed of the adhesive/solvent permeation preventive layer/gas barrier layer can significantly reduce the film thickness as compared with the conventional adhesive-only structure, thereby increasing the flexibility. It was found that the layered product of the present invention composed of the adhesive/solvent permeation preventive layer/gas barrier layer can significantly reduce the film thickness as compared with the conventional adhesive-only structure, thereby increasing the flexibility. It was
- Example 2 Each solvent permeation preventive layer coating solution used in Example 1 was spin-coated on a silicon wafer to form a film, and UV: 365 nm was irradiated for 1 minute under an irradiation condition of 3 J/cm 2 . Then, a sample subjected to each surface treatment described in Table II was used as a measurement sample.
- VUV vacuum ultraviolet ray treatment
- Example 3 The solvent permeation preventive layer coating liquid used in Example 1 was spin-coated to form a solvent permeation preventive layer on a silicon wafer, and UV: 365 nm was irradiated for 1 minute under the irradiation condition of 3 J/cm 2 . Then, each surface treatment shown in Table III is applied, then a coating solution containing PHPS is spin-coated on the solvent permeation preventive layer, dried at 80° C. for 1 minute, and vacuum ultraviolet ray treatment (VUV: 172 nm) under the irradiation condition of 6 J/cm 2 was used as a measurement sample.
- VUV vacuum ultraviolet ray treatment
- VUV vacuum ultraviolet ray treatment
- Example 4 ⁇ Production of evaluation organic EL device> (Preparation of base material) First, an inorganic substance composed of SiOx was formed on the entire surface of the polyethylene naphthalate film (manufactured by Teijin Film Solutions Co., Ltd.) on the side where the anode is formed, by using the atmospheric pressure plasma discharge treatment device having the configuration described in JP 2004-68143 A. The gas barrier layer of was formed so as to have a layer thickness of 500 nm.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- the substrate on which the anode was formed was ultrasonically cleaned with isopropyl alcohol, dried with dry nitrogen gas, and UV ozone cleaned for 5 minutes. Then, a dispersion liquid of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT/PSS) prepared in the same manner as in Example 16 of Japanese Patent No. 4509787 was placed on the base material on which the anode was formed. The 2% by mass solution diluted with was applied by an inkjet printing method and dried at 80° C. for 5 minutes to form a hole injection layer having a layer thickness of 40 nm.
- PEDOT/PSS poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/polystyrene sulfonate
- the substrate on which the hole injection layer is formed is transferred to a nitrogen atmosphere using nitrogen gas (grade G1), and is applied by an inkjet printing method using a hole transport layer forming coating solution having the following composition. After drying at 150° C. for 30 minutes, a hole transport layer having a layer thickness of 30 nm was formed.
- nitrogen gas grade G1
- the substrate on which the hole transport layer was formed was applied by an inkjet method using a coating solution for forming a light emitting layer having the following composition and dried at 130° C. for 30 minutes to form a light emitting layer having a layer thickness of 50 nm. ..
- IPA Isopropyl alcohol
- the substrate having the block layer formed thereon is coated by an inkjet printing method using a coating liquid for forming an electron transport layer having the following composition, and dried at 80° C. for 30 minutes to form an electron transport layer having a layer thickness of 30 nm. did.
- the substrate was attached to a vacuum vapor deposition device without exposing it to the atmosphere.
- a molybdenum resistance heating boat containing sodium fluoride and potassium fluoride was attached to a vacuum vapor deposition apparatus, and the vacuum chamber was depressurized to 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa. Then, the boat was energized and heated, and sodium fluoride was vapor-deposited on the electron transport layer at 0.02 nm/sec to form a thin film having a thickness of 1 nm.
- potassium fluoride was vapor-deposited at 0.02 nm/sec on the sodium fluoride thin film to form an electron injection layer having a layer thickness of 1.5 nm.
- the release film of the laminated body produced by the same method as the laminated body described in Example 1 was peeled off and bonded to the organic EL element to produce organic EL elements 401 to 406. Only the adhesive layer was attached to the organic EL element 407.
- the sample was placed in a glove box, and the sheet-shaped adhesive surface from which the release film had been removed was bonded to the cathode using a vacuum laminating device. At this time, heating at 110° C. was performed. Further, the adhered sample was placed on a hot plate set at 110° C. and cured for 30 minutes.
- composition of the adhesive layer/solvent permeation prevention layer/gas barrier layer can be used as a sealing film for an organic EL element. It was also found that the sealing property of the organic EL element is improved by increasing the number of laminated gas barrier layers.
- Example 5 A 1 mm-thick polyester felt cloth is laminated with a laminate produced in the same structure as the laminate 401 of Example 4, and the fabric is used for an organic EL device according to the flow shown in FIGS. 3A to 3D. It was used as a base material.
- the organic EL device unit of Example 4 (configuration from the anode to the cathode) was formed on the gas barrier layer of the above laminate.
- UV-PDMS KER-4690 is applied and deposited on the cathode of the organic EL element unit by an inkjet printing method, and UV: 365 nm is irradiated for 1 minute under an irradiation condition of 3 J/cm 2 , and a vacuum ultraviolet ray treatment (VUV: 172 nm) was irradiated under the irradiation condition of 1.8 J/cm 2 .
- the coating solution containing PHPS was applied on the solvent permeation preventive layer by an inkjet printing method to form a film, and after heating for 1 minute at 80° C., vacuum ultraviolet ray treatment (VUV: 172 nm) was applied under an irradiation condition of 6 JJ/cm 2. Irradiated. Then, the following gas barrier film was stuck.
- An inorganic gas barrier layer made of SiOx having a layer thickness of 500 nm was formed on the entire surface of the polyethylene naphthalate film (manufactured by Teijin Film Solutions Co., Ltd.) by using the atmospheric pressure plasma discharge treatment device having the configuration described in JP 2004-68143 A. It was formed so that Thereby, a flexible gas barrier film having a gas barrier property of oxygen permeability of 0.001 mL/(m 2 ⁇ 24 h ⁇ atm) or less and water vapor permeability of 0.001 g/(m 2 ⁇ 24 h) or less was produced. ..
- thermosetting liquid adhesive epoxy resin
- a thermosetting liquid adhesive epoxy resin having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m was formed as a sealing resin layer on one surface of the gas barrier film. Then, the gas barrier film provided with this sealing resin layer was overlaid on the organic EL element unit and sealed. At this time, the sealing resin layer formation surface of the gas barrier film was continuously overlapped with the sealing surface side of the organic EL element so that the ends of the extraction portions of the anode and the cathode were exposed to the outside.
- the organic EL device manufactured by the above method emitted light in the same manner as the organic EL device manufactured on a normal glass substrate.
- the liquid permeates the cloth, so that the layers cannot be laminated.
- a gas barrier substrate is produced by using the fabric of the present invention with cloth or paper. It has been proved to be possible.
- Example 6 ⁇ Production of touch panel module> As a flexible substrate having a gas barrier layer, using a film was formed to a thickness of 300nm of SiO 2 by plasma CVD to a polyethylene naphthalate film having a thickness of 100 [mu] m (Teijin Film Solutions Ltd.), sputtering thereon Then, an ITO film was formed to a thickness of 20 nm, and a first electrode pattern in the X direction was formed by etching.
- SiO 2 is deposited as an insulating layer arranged between the electrode patterns to a thickness of 200 nm by a sputtering method, and an ITO film is deposited thereon to a thickness of 20 nm by sputtering. A film was formed and a second electrode pattern was formed in the Y direction by etching. Further, SiO 2 was deposited thereon as an insulating layer by a sputtering method so as to have a thickness of 200 nm.
- the Ag paste was applied to the electrode patterns in the X direction and the Y direction of the formed ITO, respectively, and the electrodes were connected to a control circuit via lead wires produced by sintering.
- the laminated body produced under the conditions of the laminated body 401 of Example 4 was bonded onto the second electrode pattern via the adhesive layer to produce a touch panel module.
- a liquid crystal display device equipped with the manufactured touch panel module was subjected to a temperature change from -20°C to 80°C for 200 cycles at intervals of 30 minutes in an environment of relative humidity of 50% RH.
- the operation of the touch panel module of the liquid crystal display device taken out was confirmed, and it was found that the touch panel module worked without any particular problems and was excellent in durability.
- the sample was held at 25° C. and 50% RH for 1000 hours. Thereafter, with respect to this sample, the appearance of the device after being held for 1000 hours was visually observed and the presence or absence of cracks and the operation check were evaluated, but no cracks were found and the operation was normal.
- the touch panel module provided with was excellent in flexibility.
- the layered product of the present invention is a layered product having a gas barrier property that makes the film thinner, prevents film cracking, facilitates flexible and foldable electronic devices, and further improves optical characteristics. Therefore, as an example of application of the laminate to an electronic device, it is suitable for a touch panel sensor, organic electroluminescence, a solar cell having an organic photoelectric conversion element, and an organic thin film transistor.
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Abstract
Description
前記ガスバリアー層が無機材料を含有し、かつ、前記接着剤層と前記ガスバリアー層の間に光又は熱硬化型の樹脂を含有する溶媒浸透防止層が配置されていることを特徴とする積層体。
(式中、Rは、水素原子、炭素数1個以上のアルキル基、アルケニル基、アリール基、シクロアルキル基、アシル基、アルコキシ基、又は複素環基を表す。ただし、Rは置換基としてフッ素原子を含んでもよい。Mは、金属原子を表す。OR1は、フッ化アルコ
キシ基を表す。xは金属原子の価数、yは1とxの間の任意な整数を表す。nは重縮合度をそれぞれ表す。)
前記接着剤層の表面に光又は熱硬化型の樹脂を塗布して、当該樹脂を含有する溶媒浸透防止層を形成する工程と、
前記溶媒浸透防止層の表面に無機材料を塗布して当該無機材料を含有するガスバリアー層を形成する工程と、を有することを特徴とする積層体の製造方法。
本発明の積層体は、少なくとも接着剤層とガスバリアー層を具備する積層体であって、前記ガスバリアー層が無機材料を含有し、かつ、前記接着剤層と前記ガスバリアー層の間に光又は熱硬化型の樹脂を含有する溶媒浸透防止層が配置されていることを特徴とする。
接着剤層に用いる接着剤は、特に限定されず、一般的な接着剤を使用することができるが、中でも、合成樹脂系接着剤が好ましい。
本発明に係る溶媒浸透防止層は、前記接着剤層と前記ガスバリアー層の間に光又は熱硬化型の樹脂を含有する溶媒浸透防止層として配置されていることを特徴とする。
前記光又は熱硬化型の樹脂は、無溶剤型の樹脂であることが、好ましい。ここでいう「無溶剤型の樹脂」とは、溶剤を含有しない樹脂をいい、液状であることが加工適性の観点から好ましい。無溶剤型であることから、溶媒浸透防止層形成時に下層に位置する接着剤層に対して溶媒浸透防止層からの溶剤の浸透による劣化を抑制することができる。
ポリシロキサン系化合物としては、例えば、テトラメトキシシラン、テトラエトキシシラン、メチルトリメトキシシラン、メチルトキエトキシシラン、ジメチルジメトキシシラン、ジメチルジエトキシシラン、γ-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ-グリシドキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン、γ-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、γ-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン、γ-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ-メタクリロキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン、γ-メタクリロキシプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、γ-メタクリロキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン、γ-アクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ-アクリロキシプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン等の加水分解性シリル基を有するシラン化合物の部分加水分解物や、有機溶剤中に無水ケイ酸の微粒子を安定に分散させたオルガノシリカゾル、又は該オルガノシリカゾルにラジカル重合性を有する上記シラン化合物を付加させたもの等が挙げられる。
ポリジメチルシロキサン系化合物としては、ポリジメチルシロキサン、アルキル変性ポリジメチルシロキサン、カルボキシ変性ポリジメチルシロキサン、アミノ変性ポリジメチルシロキサン、エポキシ変性ポリジメチルシロキサン、フッ素変性ポリジメチルシロキサン、(メタ)アクリレート変性ポリジメチルシロキサン(例えば、東亞合成(株)製GUV-235)などが挙げられる。
ポリジメチルシロキサン系共重合体は、ブロック共重合体、グラフト共重合体、ランダム共重合体のいずれであってもよいが、ブロック共重合体、グラフト共重合体が好ましい。
また、市販されている材料としてはケイ素原子を有していれば特に限定されないが、例えば以下に記したものを用いることができる。
日信化学工業株式会社製:シルフェイスSAG002、シルフェイスSAG005、シルフェイスSAG008、シルフェイスSAG503A、サーフィノール104E、サーフィノール104H、サーフィノール104A、サーフィノール104BC、サーフィノール104DPM、サーフィノール104PA、サーフィノール104PG-50、サーフィノール104S、サーフィノール420、サーフィノール440、サーフィノール465、サーフィノール485、サーフィノールSE
信越化学工業株式会社製:FA-600、KC-89S、KR-500、KR-516、X-40-9296、KR-513、KER-4690-A/B、X-22-161A、X-22-162C、X-22-163、X-22-163A、X-22-164、X-22-164A、X-22-173BX、X-22-174ASX、X-22-176DX、X-22-343、X-22-2046、X-22-2445、X-22-3939A、X-22-4039、X-22-4015、X-22-4272、X-22-4741、X-22-4952、X-22-6266、KF-50-100cs、KF-96L-1cs、KF-101、KF-102、KF-105、KF-351、KF-352、KF-353、KF-354L、KF-355A、KF-393、KF-615A、KF-618、KF-857、KF-859、KF-860、KF-862、KF-877、KF-889、KF-945、KF-1001、KF-1002、KF-1005、KF-2012、KF-2201、X-22-2404、X-22-2426、X-22-3710、KF-6004、KF-6011、KF-6015、KF-6123、KF-8001、KF-8010、KF-8012、X-22-9002
東レ・ダウコーニング株式会社製:DOW CORNING 100F ADDITIVE、DOW CORNING 11 ADDITIVE、DOW CORNING 3037 INTERMEDIATE、DOW CORNING 56 ADDITIVE、DOW CORNING TORAY Z-6094、DOW CORNING TORAY FZ-2104、DOW CORNING TORAY AY42-119、DOW CORNING TORAY FZ-2222
花王株式会社製:エマルゲン102KG、エマルゲン104P、エマルゲン105、エマルゲン106、エマルゲン108、エマルゲン109P、エマルゲン120、エマルゲン123P、エマルゲン147、エマルゲン210P、エマルゲン220、エマルゲン306P、エマルゲン320P、エマルゲン404、エマルゲン408、エマルゲン409PV、エマルゲン420、エマルゲン430、エマルゲン705、エマルゲン707、エマルゲン709、エマルゲン1108、エマルゲン1118S-70、エマルゲン1135S-70、エマルゲン2020G-HA、エマルゲン2025G、エマルゲンLS-106、エマルゲンLS-110、エマルゲンLS114
前記化合物は、溶媒浸透防止層を構成する材料中の溶剤を除く全成分に対し、0.005~5質量%の範囲内で含有されていることが好ましい。
ここでいうXPS分析法とは、サンプルにX線を照射し、生じる光電子のエネルギーを測定することで、サンプルの構成元素とその電子状態を分析する方法である。
・分析装置:アルバック・ファイ社製QUANTERA SXM
・X線源:単色化Al-Kα
・スパッタイオン:Ar(3keV)
・デプスプロファイル:SiO2換算スパッタ厚さで、所定の厚さ間隔で測定を繰り返し、深さ方向のデプスプロファイルを求める。この厚さ間隔は、1nmとした(深さ方向に1nmごとのデータが得られる)。
・定量:バックグラウンドをShirley法で求め、得られたピーク面積から相対感度係数法を用いて定量した。データ処理は、アルバック・ファイ社製のMultiPakを用いる。
本発明に係る溶媒浸透防止層表面を改質する好ましい方法として、紫外線照射処理が挙げられる。紫外線の発生手段としては、前述のように、例えば、メタルハライドランプ、高圧水銀ランプ、低圧水銀ランプ、キセノンアークランプ、カーボンアークランプ、エキシマランプ、UV光レーザー等を用いることができる。
本発明の積層体は、前記溶媒浸透防止層以外に、改質層の代替として同等の機能を有する有機金属酸化物層を配置してもよい。具体的には、前記一般式(A)で表される構造を有する有機金属酸化物を含有する有機金属酸化物層であることが好ましく、ゾル・ゲル法により塗膜形成される有機金属酸化物層であって、当該有機金属酸化物がフッアルコールに配位置換された金属アルコキシドであることが好ましい。金属アルコキシドは、溶媒浸透防止層やガスバリアー層への触媒効果により、積層時において改質を促進し密着性を向上させるだけでなく、フッ化アルコールで配位置換されることで大気安定の特性を有することから、生産適性に優れるため好ましい。
(式中、Rは、水素原子、炭素数1個以上のアルキル基、アルケニル基、アリール基、シクロアルキル基、アシル基、アルコキシ基、又は複素環基を表す。ただし、Rは置換基としてフッ素原子を含んでもよい。Mは、金属原子を表す。OR1は、フッ化アルコキシ基を表す。xは金属原子の価数、yは1とxの間の任意な整数を表す。nは重縮合度をそれぞれ表す。)
また、本発明に係る有機金属酸化物層のフッ素比率が、下記式(a)を満たすことが好ましい。
式(a)の測定意義は、ゾル・ゲル法により作製した有機金属酸化物層がある量以上のフッ素原子を必要とすることを数値化するものである。上記式(a)のF及びCは、それぞれフッ素原子及び炭素原子の濃度を表す。
本発明に係るガスバリアー層は、少なくともポリシラザンを含有する塗布液を塗布して乾燥した層に改質処理を施してなる層であることが好ましい(以下、ガスバリアー層をポリシラザン層という場合がある。)。
ポリシラザンとは、ケイ素-窒素結合を有するポリマーであり、Si-N、Si-H、N-H等の結合を有するSiO2、Si3N4、及び両方の中間固溶体SiOxNy等のセラミック前駆体無機ポリマーである。
あってもよい。ここで、アルキル基としては、炭素原子数1~8の直鎖、分岐鎖又は環状のアルキル基が挙げられる。より具体的には、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、n-ペンチル基、イソペンチル基、ネオペンチル基、n-ヘキシル基、n-ヘプチル基、n-オクチル基、2-エチルヘキシル基、シクロプロピル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基などがある。また、アリール基としては、炭素原子数6~30のアリール基が挙げられる。より具体的には、フェニル基、ビフェニル基、ターフェニル基などの非縮合炭化水素基;ペンタレニル基、インデニル基、ナフチル基、アズレニル基、ヘプタレニル基、ビフェニレニル基、フルオレニル基、アセナフチレニル基、プレイアデニル基、アセナフテニル基、フェナレニル基、フェナントリル基、アントリル基、フルオランテニル基、アセフェナントリレニル基、アセアントリレニル基、トリフェニレニル基、ピレニル基、クリセニル基、ナフタセニル基などの縮合多環炭化水素基が挙げられる。(トリアルコキシシリル)アルキル基としては、炭素原子数1~8のアルコキシ基で置換されたシリル基を有する炭素原子数1~8のアルキル基が挙げられる。より具体的には、3-(トリエトキシシリル)プロピル基、3-(トリメトキシシリル)プロピル基などが挙げられる。上記R1~R3に場合によって存在する置換基は、特に制限はないが、例えば、アルキル基、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシ基(-OH)、メルカプト基(-SH)、シアノ基(-CN)、スルホ基(-SO3H)、カルボキシ基(-COOH)、ニトロ基(-NO2)などがある。なお、場合によって存在する置換基は、置換するR1~R3と同じとなることはない。例えば、R1~R3がアルキル基の場合には、さらにアルキル基で置換されることはない。これらのうち、好ましくは、R1、R2及びR3は、水素原子、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、tert-ブチル基、フェニル基、ビニル基、3-(トリエトキシシリル)プロピル基又は3-(トリメトキシシリルプロピル)基である。
本発明に係るガスバリアー層はポリシラザンとその改質体を含むことが好ましく、例えば、前記湿式形成法によって形成されたポリシラザン含有ガスバリアー層中のポリシラザンを改質処理することで得られる。改質処理とは、ポリシラザンの一部又は全部を、酸化ケイ素又は酸窒化ケイ素へ転化させる反応をいう。
パーヒドロポリシラザン中のSi-H結合やN-H結合は真空紫外線照射による励起等で比較的容易に切断され、不活性雰囲気下ではSi-Nとして再結合すると考えられる(Siの未結合手が形成される場合もある。)。すなわち、酸化することなくSiNy組成として硬化する。この場合はポリマー主鎖の切断は生じない。Si-H結合やN-H結合の切断は触媒の存在や、加熱によって促進される。切断されたHはH2として膜外に放出される。
パーヒドロポリシラザン中のSi-N結合は水により加水分解され、ポリマー主鎖が切断されてSi-OHを形成する。二つのSi-OHが脱水縮合してSi-O-Si結合を形成して硬化する。これは大気中でも生じる反応であるが、不活性雰囲気下での真空紫外線照射中では、照射の熱によって基材から生じる水蒸気が主な水分源となると考えられる。水分が過剰となると脱水縮合しきれないSi-OHが残存し、SiO2.1~2.3の組成で示されるガスバリアー性の低い硬化膜となる。
真空紫外線照射中、雰囲気下に適当量の酸素が存在すると、酸化力の非常に強い一重項酸素が形成される。パーヒドロポリシラザン中のHやNはOと置き換わってSi-O-Si結合を形成して硬化する。ポリマー主鎖の切断により結合の組み換えを生じる場合もあると考えられる。
真空紫外線のエネルギーはパーヒドロポリシラザン中のSi-Nの結合エネルギーよりも高いため、Si-N結合は切断され、周囲に酸素、オゾン、水等の酸素源が存在すると酸化されてSi-O-Si結合やSi-O-N結合が生じると考えられる。ポリマー主鎖の切断により結合の組み換えを生じる場合もあると考えられる。
本発明の積層体の電子デバイスへの適用例として、タッチパネルセンサー、有機エレクトルミネッセンス、有機光電変換素子を有する太陽電池及び有機薄膜トランジスターについて説明する。
図2A~Dにタッチパネルセンサーの製造フローの模式図を示す。
タッチパネルセンサー(10)に用いる基材としては、無色透明なガラス、樹脂からなるフィルム又はシートが挙げられる。このような基材に用いる樹脂としては、例えば、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)等のポリエステル系樹脂;ポリエチレン(PE)、ポリプロピレン(PP)、シクロポリオレフィン等のポリオレフィン系樹脂;ポリアミド系樹脂;ポリカーボネート系樹脂;ポリスチレン系樹脂;ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂;エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体のケン化物;ポリアクリロニトリル系樹脂;アセタール系樹脂;ポリイミド系樹脂;セルロースエステル系樹脂が挙げられる。
電極(12)は、例えば、インジウム・スズ酸化物(ITO)、銀(Ag)又は銅(Cu)からなる透明導電膜を所定の形状にパターニングして、金属パターン電極を形成することが好ましい。
平滑化層(13)は、前記電極パターン上を覆うように形成され、平滑化するものである。平滑化層は、例えば、感光性樹脂を含有する塗布液を塗布し、硬化処理することにより形成することができる。感光性樹脂としては、例えばラジカル反応性不飽和化合物を有するアクリレート化合物を含有する樹脂組成物、アクリレート化合物とチオール基を有するメルカプト化合物を含有する樹脂組成物、エポキシアクリレート、ウレタンアクリレート、ポリエステルアクリレート、ポリエーテルアクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールアクリレート、グリセロールメタクリレート等の多官能アクリレートモノマーを溶解させた樹脂組成物等が挙げられる。
前記平滑化層(13)を形成した後、別途形成された本発明の積層体(1)の接着剤層(2)側を平滑化層上に、加圧又は加熱して貼合する。
フレキシブル基板上に本発明の積層体を貼合しガスバリアー性基材を形成して、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子(以下、有機EL素子という。)作製に用いることで、フレキシブル化やフォルダブル化を達成した有機EL素子を得ることができる。
基板として、ガラス、樹脂フィルム、の他に紙又は布等を適用することにより、様々なシチュエーションに適用でき、また、樹脂フィルム、紙、布等のフレキシブル性を備えた基材を適用することにより、屋内や屋外のいろいろな曲面形状を有する基体にも安定して設置することができる点で好ましい。
前記紙又は布(21)上に、別途形成された本発明の積層体(1)の接着剤層(2)側を紙又は布上に、加圧又は加熱して貼合する。
本発明の積層体(1)のガスバリアー層(4)上に、有機EL素子ユニット(22)を蒸着法又は湿式形成法によって形成する。
形成された有機EL素子ユニット(22)を覆うようにして、接着剤(23)及びガスバリアーフィルム(24)により封止を行う。
本発明の電子デバイスにおいて、本発明の積層体は有機光電変換素子のガスバリアー層として適用することが好ましい。
図5は、有機薄膜トランジスターの構成を示した概略断面図である。図では、本発明の電子デバイスにおいて、本発明の積層体は有機薄膜トランジスターのガスバリアー層として適用することが好ましい。
下記各液剤を剥離フィルムの付いたシート状接着剤(3M社製)にスピンコート法により成膜、表面改質、及びガスバリアー層の積層等の操作を行い積層体にした際の塗布表面の観察結果、光透過率、剥離フィルム面の接着剤の接着力評価、及び屈曲試験の評価を行った。
以下の操作により積層体101を作製した。
接着剤層の厚さが25μmである剥離フィルム付きシート状接着剤(3M社製)を用いた。
溶媒浸透防止層の材料として以下のポリジメチルシロキサンを使用した、
UV-PDMS KER-4690:信越化学社製UV硬化型ポリジメチルシロキサン 上記UV硬化型樹脂を、接着剤層上に250nmの層厚でスピン塗布成膜させ、UV:365nmを照射した。
UV:365nm、3J/cm2の照射条件で1分照射した。
積層体101の作製において、上記UV-PDMS KER-4690を、環状シロキサン系溶媒(DMCPS:デカメチルシクロペンタシロキサン)により、PDMS/DMCPS:1/12の混合質量比で希釈したものを用いた以外は同様にして、積層体102を作製した。
積層体101の作製において、溶媒浸透防止層の層厚を5000nmに変更した以外は同様にして、積層体103を作製した。
積層体1の作製において、上記UV-PDMS KER-4690の代わりに、アクリル樹脂として、ダイヤナールBR85(三菱レイヨン社製、アクリル樹脂 Mw:280000)を用いた以外は同様にして、積層体104を作製した。
積層体1の作製において、UV-PDMS KER-4690:信越化学社製UV硬化型ポリジメチルシロキサンを、接着剤層上に250nmの層厚でスピン塗布成膜させ、UV:365nmを3J/cm2の照射条件で1分照射した後に、下記の表I記載の表面改質処理を行い、積層体106~108を作製した。
(株)エム・ディ・コム製エキシマ照射装置MODEL:MECL-M-1-200
波長:172nm
ランプ封入ガス:Xe
エキシマ光強度:6J/cm2
試料と光源の距離 :2mm
ステージ加熱温度 :80℃
照射装置内の酸素濃度:0.1体積%
(フラッシュ焼成処理)
250nm以下の短波長カットフィルターを装着したキセノンフラッシュランプ2400WS(COMET社製)を用いて、酸素濃度0.002体積%、水蒸気濃度0.002体積%(酸素含有物質濃度0.004体積%)の雰囲気下で、光照射エネルギーの総計が2J/cm2のフラッシュ光を、照射時間2m秒で照射して、焼成処理を行った。
プラズマイオン注入装置(RF電源:日本電子(株)製、RF56000、高電圧パルス電源:栗田製作所(株)、PV-3-HSHV-0835)を用いて、得られた溶媒浸透防止層表面に対し、2J/cm2の条件にてプラズマイオン注入を行った。
改質処理した溶媒浸透防止層のデプスプロファイル測定を行い、改質層厚を求めた。
X線:単色化Al-Kα
スパッタイオン:Ar+(3kV)
その結果、溶媒浸透防止層表面深さ0~70nmの炭素成分比率は、平均12at%であり、表面深さ70~250nmの炭素成分比率は、平均30at%であり、溶媒浸透防止層表面から70nmの厚さで改質されていることが分かった。本発明では、炭素成分比率が通常の層よりも低いことを改質層と定義する。高エネルギー照射により、炭素成分が分解・揮発するため、一般的に炭素成分が低い方が膜はより緻密化するといわれる。
積層体106の作製において、溶媒浸透防止層上に下記PHPSを用いたガスバリアー層を乾燥層厚が250nmになるように塗布し、次いで、上記VUV:真空紫外線照射処理を行い積層体109を作製した。
PHPSを含有する塗布液は、PHPSを20質量%含むジブチルエーテル溶液(AZエレクトロニックマテリアルズ株式会社製、NN120-20)と、アミン触媒(N,N,N′,N′-テトラメチル-1,6-ジアミノヘキサン(TMDAH))を含むPHPS20質量%のジブチルエーテル溶液(AZエレクトロニックマテリアルズ株式会社製、NAX120-20)とを、4:1(質量比)の割合で混合し、さらに乾燥層厚調整のためジブチルエーテルで適宜希釈し、塗布液を調製した。
積層体109の作製において、接着剤層の厚さ5μmである剥離フィルム付きシート状接着剤(3M社製)を用いた以外は同様にして、積層体110を作製した。
積層体109の作製において、ガスバリアー層に用いたPHPSの代わりに、下記ゾル・ゲル液を用い、形成したガスバリアー層を100℃30分加熱した以外は同様にして、積層体112を作製した。
水分濃度1ppm以下の乾燥窒素雰囲気下のグローブボックス内で、チタニウムテトライソプロポキシド(Ti(OiPr)4)の0.1M濃度脱水テトラフルオロプロパノール(例示化合物F-1)溶液を調液し、ガラス製シリンジに封入した湿度50%のairを40mLバブリングし、すぐにグローブボックス内に戻した溶液をゾル・ゲル液とした。
水分濃度1ppm以下の乾燥窒素雰囲気下のグローブボックス内で、テトラエトキシシラン(Si(OET)4)の0.1M濃度脱水テトラフルオロプロパノール溶液を調液し、ガラス製シリンジに封入した湿度50%のairを40mLバブリングし、すぐにグローブボックス内に戻した溶液をTEOS液とした。
積層体109の作製において、表Iに記載のように、接着剤層のみ(溶媒浸透防止層、ガスバリアー層無し)、ガスバリアー層を直接接着剤層に塗布したものを作製し、比較例の積層体114~117とした。
(1)塗布表面の観察、
各サンプルの塗布表面を観察し、無色透明か又は白濁しているかを評価した。白濁している場合は、上層の溶媒が下層を溶解していることの指標になる。
各サンプルの波長450nmの光の吸収率(%)から光透過率を算出した。光の吸収率は、日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製分光光度計U-4100を用いて測定した。
4:光透過率が90%より大きく、95%以下である
3:光透過率が85%より大きく、90%以下である
2:光透過率が70%より大きく、85%以下である
1:光透過率が70%以下である
(3)接着力の評価
作製した各サンプルを125μm厚のポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(PETフィルム)に貼合した。
碁盤目テープ試験(旧 JIS K 5400)を行った。
次いで、碁盤目部分にセロハンテープを強く圧着させ、テープの端を45°の角度で一気に引き剥がし、溶媒浸透防止層とPHPS層の間の碁盤目の状態を標準図(図6)と比較して評価した。
作製したサンプルを直径20mmφの円柱に巻きつけた状態で保持しながら、25℃・50%RHの条件下で1000時間保持した。その後、このサンプルについて、1000時間保持後の素子の外観を目視観察し、下記の基準によりクラックの評価を実施した。なお、0.5μm以上の太さを有する線状の欠陥で、長さが1000μm以上のものをクラックとして評価した。
△:発光面積100cm2におけるクラック数が5本以上、50本未満
×:発光面積100cm2におけるクラック数が50本以上
以上の積層体の構成及び評価結果を表Iに示す。
実施例1で用いた各溶媒浸透防止層塗布液を、シリコンウェハ上にスピン塗布成膜させ、UV:365nmを3J/cm2の照射条件で1分照射した。次いで、表IIに記載の各表面処理を施したものを測定サンプルとした。
(4)接触角の測定
溶媒浸透防止層表面の純水の接触角の測定は、JIS-R3257に基づいて、23℃、55%RHの雰囲気下で、接触角計(協和界面科学株式会社製、商品名DropMaster DM100)を用いて、純水1μLを滴下し1分後における接触角を測定した。なお、測定は有機薄膜幅手方向に対して等間隔で10点測定して、最大値及び最小値を除いてその平均値を接触角とした。
実施例1で用いた各溶媒浸透防止層塗布液を、シリコンウェハ上に溶媒浸透防止層をスピン塗布成膜させ、UV:365nmを3J/cm2の照射条件で1分照射した。次いで、表IIIに記載の各表面処理を施し、次いでPHPSを含有する塗布液を溶媒浸透防止層上にスピン塗布成膜し、ホットプレートで80℃、1分乾燥し、真空紫外線処理(VUV:172nm)を6J/cm2の照射条件で施したものを測定サンプルとした。
(5)密着性の評価
実施例1で実施したクロスカット法碁盤目テープ試験を採用し、溶媒浸透防止層とPHPS層の間の碁盤目の状態を標準図(図6)と比較して密着性の評価をした。
<評価用有機EL素子の作製>
(基材の準備)
まず、ポリエチレンナフタレートフィルム(帝人フィルムソリューション株式会社製)の陽極を形成する側の全面に、特開2004-68143号公報に記載の構成の大気圧プラズマ放電処理装置を用いて、SiOxからなる無機物のガスバリアー層を層厚500nmとなるように形成した。これにより、酸素透過度0.001mL/(m2・24h・atom)以下、水蒸気透過度0.001g/(m2・24h)以下のガスバリアー性を有する可撓性の基材を作製した。
上記基材上に厚さ120nmのITO(インジウム・スズ酸化物)をスパッタ法により製膜し、フォトリソグラフィー法によりパターニングを行い、陽極を形成した。なお、パターンは発光領域の面積が5cm×5cmになるようなパターンとした。
陽極を形成した基材をイソプロピルアルコールで超音波洗浄し、乾燥窒素ガスで乾燥し、UVオゾン洗浄を5分間行った。そして、陽極を形成した基材上に、特許第4509787号公報の実施例16と同様に調製したポリ(3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン)/ポリスチレンスルホネート(PEDOT/PSS)の分散液をイソプロピルアルコールで希釈した2質量%溶液をインクジェットプリント法にて塗布、80℃で5分乾燥し、層厚40nmの正孔注入層を形成した。
次に、正孔注入層を形成した基材を、窒素ガス(グレードG1)を用いた窒素雰囲気下に移し、下記組成の正孔輸送層形成用塗布液を用いて、インクジェットプリント法にて塗布、150℃で30分乾燥し、層厚30nmの正孔輸送層を形成した。
正孔輸送材料 HT-3(重量平均分子量Mw=80000)
10質量部
パラ(p)-キシレン 3000質量部
(発光層の形成)
次に、正孔輸送層を形成した基材を、下記組成の発光層形成用塗布液を用い、インクジェット法にて塗布し、130℃で30分間乾燥し、層厚50nmの発光層を形成した。
ホスト化合物 H-4 9質量部
金属錯体CD-2 1質量部
蛍光材料F-1 0.1質量部
酢酸ノルマルブチル 2000質量部
(ブロック層の形成)
次に、発光層を形成した基材を、下記組成のブロック層形成用塗布液を用い、インクジェット法にて塗布し、80℃で30分間乾燥し、層厚10nmのブロック層を形成した。
HB-4 2質量部
イソプロピルアルコール(IPA) 1500質量部
2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-オクタフルオロ-1-ペンタノール
500質量部
(電子輸送層の形成)
次に、ブロック層を形成した基材を、下記組成の電子輸送層形成用塗布液を用い、インクジェットプリント法にて塗布し、80℃で30分間乾燥し、層厚30nmの電子輸送層を形成した。
ET-1 6質量部
2,2,3,3-テトラフルオロ-1-プロパノール
2000質量部
(電子注入層、陰極の形成)
続いて、基板を大気に曝露することなく真空蒸着装置へ取り付けた。また、モリブデン製抵抗加熱ボートにフッ化ナトリウム及びフッ化カリウムを入れたものを真空蒸着装置に取り付け、真空槽を4×10-5Paまで減圧した。その後、ボートに通電して加熱し、フッ化ナトリウムを0.02nm/秒で前記電子輸送層上に蒸着し、膜厚1nmの薄膜を形成した。同様に、フッ化カリウムを0.02nm/秒でフッ化ナトリウム薄膜上に蒸着し、層厚1.5nmの電子注入層を形成した。
(6)ダークスポット耐性
60℃、90%RHで1週間放置した後の発光状態を観察し、ガスバリアー性能の評価を行った。具体的には、100倍の光学顕微鏡(株式会社モリテックス製 MS-804、レンズMP-ZE25-200)で、有機EL素子の発光部の一部分を拡大して撮影した。次に、撮影画像を2mm四方に切り抜き、それぞれの画像について、ダークスポット発生の有無を観察した。観察結果より、発光面積に対するダークスポットの発生面積比率を求め、下記の基準に従って、ダークスポット耐性を評価した。
4:ダークスポットの発生面積が、0.1%以上、1.0%未満である
3:ダークスポットの発生面積が、1.0%以上、3.0%未満である
2:ダークスポットの発生面積が、3.0%以上、6.0%未満である
1:ダークスポットの発生面積が、6.0%以上である
結果を表IVに示す。
厚さ1mmのポリエステル製フェルト生地布に、実施例4の積層体401と同様の構成で作製した積層体を貼り合わせて、図3A~Dに示すフローにしたがい、当該布を有機EL素子用の基材とした。
ポリエチレンナフタレートフィルム(帝人フィルムソリューション株式会社製)の全面に、特開2004-68143号公報に記載の構成の大気圧プラズマ放電処理装置を用いて、SiOxからなる無機物のガスバリアー層を層厚500nmとなるように形成した。これにより、酸素透過度0.001mL/(m2・24h・atm)以下、水蒸気透過度0.001g/(m2・24h)以下のガスバリアー性を有する可撓性のガスバリアーフィルムを作製した。ガスバリアーフィルムの片面に、封止樹脂層として熱硬化型の液状接着剤(エポキシ系樹脂)を厚さ25μmで形成した。そして、この封止樹脂層を設けたガスバリアーフィルムを、前記有機EL素子ユニットに重ね合わせて封止した。このとき、陽極及び陰極の取出し部の端部が外に出るように、ガスバリアーフィルムの封止樹脂層形成面を、有機EL素子の封止面側に連続的に重ね合わせた。
<タッチパネルモジュールの作製>
ガスバリアー層付きフレキシブル基板として、厚さ100μmのポリエチレンナフタレートフィルム(帝人フィルムソリューション株式会社製)にSiO2をプラズマCVD法によって300nmの厚さで成膜したフィルムを用いて、その上にスパッタリング法によりITO膜を厚さが20nmになるように成膜し、エッチングでX方向の第1電極パターンを形成した。
2 接着剤層
3 溶媒浸透防止層
4 ガスバリアー層
5 改質層
6 有機金属酸化物層
7 セパレーター
10 タッチパネルセンサー
11 基板
12 電極
13 平滑化層
20 有機EL素子
21 紙又は布
22 有機EL素子ユニット
23 接着剤
24 ガスバリアーフィルム
200 バルクヘテロジャンクション型の有機光電変換素子
201 基板
202 透明電極(陽極)
203 対極(陰極)
204 光電変換部(バルクヘテロジャンクション層)
205 電荷再結合層
206 第2の光電変換部
207 正孔輸送層
208 電子輸送層
209 第1の光電変換部
301 有機半導体層
302 ソース電極
303 ドレイン電極
304 ゲート電極
305 絶縁層
306 支持体
Claims (17)
- 少なくとも接着剤層とガスバリアー層を具備する積層体であって、
前記ガスバリアー層が無機材料を含有し、かつ、前記接着剤層と前記ガスバリアー層の間に光又は熱硬化型の樹脂を含有する溶媒浸透防止層が配置されていることを特徴とする積層体。 - 前記溶媒浸透防止層の層厚が、1~10000nmの範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の積層体。
- 前記溶媒浸透防止層が、少なくともシロキサン系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂又はエポキシ系樹脂を含有することを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の積層体。
- 前記溶媒浸透防止層が、シロキサン系樹脂を含有することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか一項に記載の積層体。
- 前記溶媒浸透防止層の前記ガスバリアー層側の表面に、改質層を有することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか一項に記載の積層体。
- 前記改質層の前記ガスバリアー層側の表面が、温度23℃における水に対する接触角が、20~100°の範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の積層体。
- 前記改質層の層厚が、1~70nmの範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項5又は請求項6に記載の積層体。
- 前記ガスバリアー層が、ポリシラザンとその改質体を含有することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項7までのいずれか一項に記載の積層体。
- 前記溶媒浸透防止層とガスバリアー層の間に、下記一般式(A)で表される構造を有する有機金属酸化物を含有する有機金属酸化物層を有することを特徴とする請求項1からから請求項8までのいずれか一項に記載の積層体。
一般式(A) R-[M(OR1)y(O-)x-y]n-R
(式中、Rは、水素原子、炭素数1個以上のアルキル基、アルケニル基、アリール基、シクロアルキル基、アシル基、アルコキシ基、又は複素環基を表す。ただし、Rは置換基としてフッ素原子を含んでもよい。Mは、金属原子を表す。OR1は、フッ化アルコ
キシ基を表す。xは金属原子の価数、yは1とxの間の任意な整数を表す。nは重縮合度をそれぞれ表す。) - 前記Mで表される金属原子が、Si、Ti、Zr、Mg、Ca、Sr、Bi、Hf、Nb、Zn、Al、Pt、Ag、及びAuから選択されることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の積層体。
- 前記有機金属酸化物層が、少なくともゾル・ゲル転移された塗布膜からなることを特徴とする請求項9又は請求項10に記載の積層体。
- 前記接着剤層の溶媒浸透防止層とは反対側に、剥離可能なフィルムを具備することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項11までのいずれか一項に記載の積層体。
- 前記接着剤層の溶媒浸透防止層とは反対側に剥離可能なフィルムが配置され、かつ前記ガスバリアー層の溶媒浸透防止層とは反対側にさらに接着剤層が配置されていることを特
徴とする請求項1から請求項11までのいずれか一項に記載の積層体。 - 少なくとも接着剤層とガスバリアー層を具備する積層体の製造方法であって、
前記接着剤層の表面に光又は熱硬化型の樹脂を塗布して、当該樹脂を含有する溶媒浸透防止層を形成する工程と、
前記溶媒浸透防止層の表面に無機材料を塗布して当該無機材料を含有するガスバリアー層を形成する工程と、を有することを特徴とする積層体の製造方法。 - 前記溶媒浸透防止層を形成する工程に続いて、当該溶媒浸透防止層に少なくとも紫外線照射処理、フラッシュ焼成処理、大気圧プラズマ処理、プラズマイオン注入処理、又は加熱処理を行う工程、を有することを特徴とする請求項14に記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 前記溶媒浸透防止層を形成する工程に続いて、当該溶媒浸透防止層に紫外線照射処理を行う工程、を有することを特徴とする請求項14に記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 請求項1から請求項13までのいずれか一項に記載の積層体を具備することを特徴とする電子デバイス。
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JP2013226757A (ja) * | 2012-04-26 | 2013-11-07 | Konica Minolta Inc | ガスバリア性フィルム |
JP2015221757A (ja) * | 2014-05-22 | 2015-12-10 | 双葉電子工業株式会社 | 化合物、乾燥剤、封止構造及び有機el素子 |
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CN114203940A (zh) * | 2020-09-17 | 2022-03-18 | Tcl科技集团股份有限公司 | 薄膜的制备方法和发光二极管 |
CN114203940B (zh) * | 2020-09-17 | 2024-04-16 | Tcl科技集团股份有限公司 | 薄膜的制备方法和发光二极管 |
WO2023112843A1 (ja) * | 2021-12-15 | 2023-06-22 | 株式会社東海理化電機製作所 | 有機el素子の封止方法、有機el素子、有機el装置、及び車両用装置 |
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