WO2020103970A1 - Parking lock for a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Parking lock for a motor vehicle

Info

Publication number
WO2020103970A1
WO2020103970A1 PCT/DE2019/100825 DE2019100825W WO2020103970A1 WO 2020103970 A1 WO2020103970 A1 WO 2020103970A1 DE 2019100825 W DE2019100825 W DE 2019100825W WO 2020103970 A1 WO2020103970 A1 WO 2020103970A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
parking lock
piston
pawl
linear actuator
piston cylinder
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2019/100825
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Klaus Krämer
Matthias Feuerbach
Markus Rost
Christoph Thuerauf
Tobias HEUMANN
Original Assignee
Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG filed Critical Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
Priority to CN201980073910.3A priority Critical patent/CN112969871B/en
Publication of WO2020103970A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020103970A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/34—Locking or disabling mechanisms
    • F16H63/3416—Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/005—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles by locking of wheel or transmission rotation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/34—Locking or disabling mechanisms
    • F16H63/3416—Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission
    • F16H63/3425—Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission characterised by pawls or wheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/34—Locking or disabling mechanisms
    • F16H63/3416—Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission
    • F16H63/3425—Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission characterised by pawls or wheels
    • F16H63/3433—Details of latch mechanisms, e.g. for keeping pawls out of engagement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/34—Locking or disabling mechanisms
    • F16H63/3416—Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission
    • F16H63/3483—Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission with hydraulic actuating means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a parking lock for a motor vehicle, the parking lock comprising: a pawl which is arranged pivotably about an axis of rotation and has a pawl tooth which is designed for positive engagement in a parking lock wheel, a linear actuator with a slide for actuating the pawl, so that it can be reversibly engaged with its ratchet tooth with the parking lock wheel, a slide guide, which is manufactured separately from the housing, and an end stop for the slide.
  • Parking locks are known from DE 10 2010 053 857 A1 and DE 10 201 1 080 498 A1.
  • a planetary roller gear is used as the mechanical gear element for transmitting the movement of the actuator to the pawl. This makes it possible to realize relatively high transmission forces.
  • the present invention has for its object to realize a generic parking lock that is compact and overcomes the disadvantages mentioned above.
  • the object is achieved by a parking lock according to claim 1.
  • the hydraulic damper significantly reduces bouncing and structure-borne noise.
  • the linear actuator which is manufactured separately from the housing and the pawl, enables the maximum forces to be dissipated evenly.
  • a particularly compact arrangement is made possible by the piston forming the actuating actuator of the pawl.
  • the piston does not have to act directly on the pawl itself, but can do this indirectly, for example, via a slide acting in between with a roller set.
  • the piston can be attached to another component such as a piston rod.
  • the piston thus takes on a double function: on the one hand it is part of the hydraulic damper, on the other hand it forms the linear actuator that pivots the pawl.
  • the linear actuator is preloaded with a spring.
  • This includes both the piston and the piston cylinder as a helical compression spring.
  • the arrangement of the piston cylinder in the interior of the spring enables a parking lock that does not project axially beyond the pawl with its axis of rotation and thus does not take up any additional axial installation space.
  • the spring can have a turn diameter that is variable over its length in order to apply the highest possible spring force to a short space at the same time and not to restrict the movement of the pawl.
  • a carriage is firmly connected to the piston.
  • the carriage can form a roller box for rolling elements that roll on the pawl and / or the housing.
  • This enables smooth operation.
  • the spring designed as a helical compression spring is supported on an end wall of the parking lock housing.
  • the piston cylinder can be supported coaxially with it.
  • the end wall has a passage recess into which the piston cylinder can be fixed with a cylinder connector.
  • a throttle against which the piston does work, can be integrated in the cylinder connector.
  • the piston cylinder has ventilation channels.
  • the ventilation channels preferably run in the axial direction and thus in the direction of movement of the piston.
  • the parking lock forms a compact unit if the direction of movement of the piston and the connecting line of the axis of rotation with the ratchet tooth, which is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the pawl, run in one plane. This means that they are not skewed towards each other.
  • the two lines are preferably parallel to one another because a particularly compact arrangement is then possible. A slight angle of these lines to each other is also conceivable, the space advantage is reduced accordingly.
  • the parking lock can have its own housing as a parking lock housing.
  • the parking lock housing then forms a common overall housing with the gear housing, or the parking lock housing is arranged within the gear housing.
  • the parking lock can be without its own housing, so that the housing for the parking lock is the gear housing itself.
  • Additional coatings, elastomers or other damping elements can be provided between two components between the slide guide and the housing in order to further reduce structure-borne noise.
  • the derivation of the support force of the pawl which is generated by the locking torque and the pressure angle of the pawl tooth of the pawl with the toothing of the parking lock wheel, can in one embodiment via a roller or a Roll package are derived in the housing, which is or are arranged on the carriage.
  • a roller or a Roll package are derived in the housing, which is or are arranged on the carriage.
  • one roller preferably rolls on the back of the pawl, while the other roller rolls on the slide guide.
  • the rollers can be designed as needle or ball bearings, in a simple embodiment also as full rollers.
  • the parking lock can be installed in different types of gears.
  • it is suitable for motor vehicles with manual transmissions, with automated or automatic transmissions or for transmissions of electric vehicles.
  • Figure 1 shows the essential components of a first parking lock in a perspective
  • Figure 2 shows a second parking lock in a perspective view.
  • a parking lock 1 is shown with its components essential for their function.
  • the parking lock 1 has a pawl 4 which can be pivoted about an axis of rotation a and has a ratchet tooth 5 for engaging in a parking lock wheel 2.
  • the parking lock gear 2 has locking teeth with a number of recesses 3 distributed around its circumference, into which the pawl tooth 5 of the locking pawl 4 can lock the parking lock gear 2 in a form-fitting manner.
  • the pawl 4 can be seen in a downward direction (towards the locking teeth 2) in which a pawl tooth 5 Pawl 4 engages in one of the recesses 3 of the locking teeth 2 and thus locks the arrangement.
  • the parking lock 1 is locked or unlocked via a drive 6, which is indicated here as a drive shaft which rotates about its axis of rotation c for locking and unlocking.
  • the transmission of the movement of the drive 6 to the pawl 4 takes place by means of a gear element 7 which has a carriage 12 which can be moved linearly by means of a linear actuator 8 and in which three rollers 13, 14 and 15 are mounted.
  • the roller 13 is in contact with a ramp 17 which is formed on the rear side and thus on the side facing away from the pawl tooth 5 on the pawl 4. While the roller 13 rolls on the pawl 4, the rollers 14, 15 roll on a reinforcement 27. With linear movement of the slide 12, the pawl 4 is consequently pivoted.
  • the gear element 7 comprises a crank mechanism with which a part 9 of the gear element 7 can be moved linearly.
  • a rod 16 is arranged between the part 9 and the slide 12, so that a linear movement of the part 9 is transmitted to the slide 12.
  • the rod 16 is enclosed by a compression spring 20 which biases the pawl 4 and holds it in the locked position.
  • the crank mechanism has a crank 10 and a connecting rod 11, which are connected to one another in an articulated manner and are rotatable about a pivot axis b.
  • the crank 10 is rotatably connected to the drive 6.
  • the connecting rod 1 1 is articulated to the part 9. If the drive 6 is now operated, i. H. if there is a rotation about the axis c, the crank 10 moves accordingly and pulls the connecting rod 11 with it.
  • the parking lock 1 according to FIG. 2 shows one not shown in FIG. 1
  • the hydraulic damper which is formed from a piston 19 and a piston cylinder 18.
  • the piston 19 is axially movable in the piston cylinder and can work against a hydraulic fluid.
  • the piston cylinder 18 has a piston neck 27 tapered at the end, with which it is fastened in an end wall 22 of the parking lock housing 21. There is a throttle in the middle of the piston neck 23 arranged in the form of a bore.
  • Piston socket 27 formed ring flange, the piston cylinder 22 is supported on the end wall 22.
  • the piston cylinder 18 has ventilation channels 26, which run in the axial direction and vent on the side facing the piston 19.
  • the piston 19 and the piston cylinder 18 are both radially surrounded by the spring 20, which is also supported on the one hand on the end wall 22 and on the other hand on a plate 28 which is fixed to the slide 12 and a piston rod 29 formed in one piece with the piston 19 connected is.

Abstract

The invention relates to a parking lock (1) for a motor vehicle. The parking lock (1) has a pawl (4) which is pivotally arranged about a pivot axis (a) and has a pawl tooth (5) that is designed to engage into a parking lock wheel (2) in a formfitting manner. The pawl (4) can be actuated by a linear actuator (8) designed separately therefrom such that the pawl tooth (5) can be reversibly brought into engagement with the parking lock wheel (2). A hydraulic damper together with a piston (19) arranged in a piston cylinder (18) brakes the movement of the linear actuator (8) upon unlocking the parking lock (1). The piston (19) forms the linear actuator (8).

Description

Titel  title
Parksperre für ein Kraftfahrzeug  Parking lock for a motor vehicle
Beschreibung description
Gebiet der Erfindung Field of the Invention
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Parksperre für ein Kraftfahrzeug, wobei die Parksperre aufweist: eine Sperrklinke, die um eine Drehachse schwenkbar angeordnet ist und einen Klinkenzahn aufweist, der zum formschlüssigen Eingriff in ein Parksperrenrad ausgebildet ist, einen Linearaktuator mit einem Schlitten zur Betätigung der Sperrklinke, so dass diese mit ihrem Klinkenzahn mit dem Parksperrenrad reversibel in Eingriff gebracht werden kann, eine Schlittenführung, welche separat vom Gehäuse hergestellt ist, sowie einen Endanschlag für den Schlitten. The invention relates to a parking lock for a motor vehicle, the parking lock comprising: a pawl which is arranged pivotably about an axis of rotation and has a pawl tooth which is designed for positive engagement in a parking lock wheel, a linear actuator with a slide for actuating the pawl, so that it can be reversibly engaged with its ratchet tooth with the parking lock wheel, a slide guide, which is manufactured separately from the housing, and an end stop for the slide.
Hintergrund der Erfindung Background of the Invention
Parksperren sind aus der DE 10 2010 053 857 A1 und DE 10 201 1 080 498 A1 bekannt. Bei der letztgenannten Lösung kommt als mechanisches Getriebeelement zur Übertragung der Bewegung des Aktuators auf die Sperrklinke ein Planetenwälzgetriebe zum Einsatz. Damit ist es möglich, relativ hohe Übertragungskräfte zu realisieren. Parking locks are known from DE 10 2010 053 857 A1 and DE 10 201 1 080 498 A1. In the latter solution, a planetary roller gear is used as the mechanical gear element for transmitting the movement of the actuator to the pawl. This makes it possible to realize relatively high transmission forces.
Beim Parken eines Fahrzeugs beispielsweise an einem Hang erzeugt das Fahrzeuggewicht, abhängig vom Raddurchmesser, von der Getriebeübersetzung und vom Radius des Sperrrads (Sperrverzahnung) eine Kraft auf die geschlossene Klinke und somit wiederrum auf den Parksperrenmechanismus. Beim Entriegeln der Parksperre am Hang muss somit diese anliegende Kraft überwunden werden. Eine gattungsgemäße Parksperre benötigt also zum Auslegen der Sperrklinke, d. h. zum Verbringen derselbe in die entriegelte Position, eventuell eine relativ große Kraft. Diese kann sich aus der Geometrie zwischen dem Klinkenzahn und der Ausnehmung in der Sperrverzahnung ergeben, namentlich durch einen entsprechenden Hinterlegungswinkel. Eine hohe Kraft kann sich auch aufgrund der Reibungsverhältnisse und des realisierten Reibkeils ergeben. Dadurch wird der die Sperrklinke betätigende Aktuator stark beschleunigt. Um die Aktuierungsfeder vor Bruch zu schützen, muss der Federhub durch einen Endanschlag begrenzt werden und die beim Anschlägen auftretenden Kräfte am Gehäuse abgestützt werden. When parking a vehicle on a slope, for example, the vehicle weight, depending on the wheel diameter, the gear ratio and the radius of the ratchet wheel (locking teeth), generates a force on the closed pawl and thus on the parking lock mechanism. When unlocking the parking lock on a slope, this applied force must be overcome. A generic parking lock may therefore require a relatively large force to disengage the pawl, ie to move it into the unlocked position. This can result from the geometry between the ratchet tooth and the recess in the locking toothing, in particular through a corresponding backing angle. A high force can also result from the friction conditions and the friction wedge that has been implemented. As a result, the actuator actuating the pawl is greatly accelerated. In order to protect the actuation spring from breakage, the spring stroke must be limited by an end stop and the forces that occur during the stop must be supported on the housing.
Die Kräfte müssen sicher abgestützt werden, andererseits sollen die Parksperre und das Getriebe möglichst leicht bauen. Insbesondere bei hohen Kräften und beengtem Bauraum können die beweglichen Teile der Parksperre am Gehäuse der Parksperre anschlagen, das den Körperschall überträgt. Versucht der Bediener, die Parksperre jenseits der Abweisgeschwindigkeit einzulegen, entsteht ein Ratschen, und unerwünschte Schwingungen breiten sich aus. Zur Lösung des Problems ist in der DE 10 2016 223 460 A1 ein gedoppeltes Federblech vorgesehen, das eine einen Endanschlag mit einer Anschlagsdämpfung bereitstellen soll. Die Dämpfung des Federpakets aufgrund innerer Reibung ist jedoch nicht sehr hoch. Um den Entlastungsstoß zu vermeiden, sind in DE 10 2008 000 177 A1 und EP 1 817 516 B1 hydraulisch gedämpfte Parksperren vorgeschlagen, die jedoch verhältnismäßig aufwändig bauen und viel Bauraum benötigen. The forces must be safely supported, on the other hand, the parking lock and the transmission should be as light as possible. The moving parts of the parking lock can strike the housing of the parking lock, which transmits structure-borne noise, particularly when there are high forces and limited installation space. If the operator tries to insert the parking lock beyond the reject speed, ratcheting occurs and undesirable vibrations spread. To solve the problem, a double spring plate is provided in DE 10 2016 223 460 A1, which is intended to provide an end stop with a stop damping. However, the damping of the spring assembly due to internal friction is not very high. In order to avoid the relief shock, DE 10 2008 000 177 A1 and EP 1 817 516 B1 propose hydraulically damped parking locks, which, however, are relatively complex to build and require a large amount of installation space.
Ferner weisen einige Parksperren mit hydraulischer Dämpfung im Stand der Technik den Nachteil auf, dass sie nicht immer in Ver- und Entriegelungsrichtung einen reibungsarmen Ablauf und damit ein schnelles Ver- bzw. Entriegeln ermöglichen und zugleich nur am Ende des Verfahrweges eine Dämpfung vorsehen. Gattungsgemäße Parksperren gehen aus DE 10 2006 012 343 A1 , DE 10 2013 213 678 A1 , US 2014 / 0 216 885 A1 oder DE 10 2014 208 374 A1 hervor. Die gezeigten Parksperren benötigen jedoch teilweise relativ viel Bauraum, der bei immer kompakteren Getrieben selten zur Verfügung steht. Furthermore, some parking locks with hydraulic damping in the prior art have the disadvantage that they do not always enable a low-friction process in the locking and unlocking direction and thus quick locking and unlocking and at the same time only provide damping at the end of the travel path. Generic parking locks emerge from DE 10 2006 012 343 A1, DE 10 2013 213 678 A1, US 2014/0 216 885 A1 or DE 10 2014 208 374 A1. However, the parking locks shown sometimes require a relatively large amount of installation space, which is rarely available with increasingly compact transmissions.
Aufgabe der Erfindung Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine gattungsgemäße Parksperre zu realisieren, die kompakt baut und die vorstehend genannten Nachteile überwindet. Object of the invention The present invention has for its object to realize a generic parking lock that is compact and overcomes the disadvantages mentioned above.
Zusammenfassung der Erfindung Summary of the invention
Die Aufgabe wird durch eine Parksperre gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst. Durch den hydraulischen Dämpfer können das Prellen und der entstehende Körperschall deutlich herabgesetzt werden. Der vom Gehäuse und der Sperrklinke getrennt hergestellte Linearaktuator erlaubt eine gleichmäßige Ableitung der Maximalkräfte. The object is achieved by a parking lock according to claim 1. The hydraulic damper significantly reduces bouncing and structure-borne noise. The linear actuator, which is manufactured separately from the housing and the pawl, enables the maximum forces to be dissipated evenly.
Indem der Kolben den Betätigungsaktuator der Sperrklinke bildet, wird eine besonders kompakte Anordnung ermöglicht. Der Kolben muss dabei nicht unmittelbar selbst auf die Sperrklinke einwirken, sondern kann dies mittelbar beispielsweise über einen dazwischen wirkenden Schlitten mit einem Rollenpaket bewirken. Der Kolben kann dazu an einem weiteren Bauteil wie einer Kolbenstange befestigt sein. Der Kolben übernimmt damit eine doppelte Funktion: Zum einen ist er Teil des hydraulischen Dämpfers, zum anderen Teil bildet er den die Sperrklinke verschwenkenden Linearaktuator. A particularly compact arrangement is made possible by the piston forming the actuating actuator of the pawl. The piston does not have to act directly on the pawl itself, but can do this indirectly, for example, via a slide acting in between with a roller set. The piston can be attached to another component such as a piston rod. The piston thus takes on a double function: on the one hand it is part of the hydraulic damper, on the other hand it forms the linear actuator that pivots the pawl.
Der Linearaktuator ist mit einer Feder vorgespannt. Diese schließt als eine Schraubendruckfeder sowohl den Kolben als auch den Kolbenzylinder ein. Die Anordnung des Kolbenzylinders im Federinneren ermöglicht eine Parksperre, die axial nicht über die Sperrklinke mit ihrer Drehachse ragt und damit keinen zusätzlichen axialen Bauraum in Anspruch nimmt. Die Feder kann als Formfeder einen über ihre Länge veränderlichen Windungsdurchmesser aufweisen, um eine möglichst hohe Federkraft auf gleichzeitig kurzem Bauraum aufzubringen und die Bewegung der Sperrklinke nicht einzuschränken. The linear actuator is preloaded with a spring. This includes both the piston and the piston cylinder as a helical compression spring. The arrangement of the piston cylinder in the interior of the spring enables a parking lock that does not project axially beyond the pawl with its axis of rotation and thus does not take up any additional axial installation space. As a shaped spring, the spring can have a turn diameter that is variable over its length in order to apply the highest possible spring force to a short space at the same time and not to restrict the movement of the pawl.
In einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist ein Schlitten mit dem Kolben fest verbunden. Der Schlitten kann einen Rollenkasten für Wälzelemente bilden, die auf der Sperrklinke und/oder dem Gehäuse abrollen. Damit ist eine leichtgängige Betätigung ermöglicht. Vorteilhaft ist es, dass sich die als Schraubendruckfeder ausgebildete Feder an einer Stirnwand des Parksperrengehäuses abstützt. Koaxial dazu kann sich der Kolbenzylinder an dieser abstützen. Optional weist die Stirnwand eine Durchgangsausnehmung auf, in die der Kolbenzylinder mit einem Zylinderstutzen fixierbar ist. Zudem kann in den Zylinderstutzen eine Drossel integriert sein, gegen die der Kolben Arbeit verrichtet. In one embodiment of the invention, a carriage is firmly connected to the piston. The carriage can form a roller box for rolling elements that roll on the pawl and / or the housing. This enables smooth operation. It is advantageous that the spring designed as a helical compression spring is supported on an end wall of the parking lock housing. The piston cylinder can be supported coaxially with it. Optionally, the end wall has a passage recess into which the piston cylinder can be fixed with a cylinder connector. In addition, a throttle, against which the piston does work, can be integrated in the cylinder connector.
Der Kolbenzylinder weist in einer Weiterbildung Entlüftungskanäle auf. Die Entlüftungskanäle verlaufen bevorzugt in axialer Richtung und damit in Bewegungsrichtung des Kolbens. In a further development, the piston cylinder has ventilation channels. The ventilation channels preferably run in the axial direction and thus in the direction of movement of the piston.
Eine kompakte Einheit bildet die Parksperre, wenn die Bewegungsrichtung des Kolbens und die durch die senkrecht zur Drehachse der Sperrklinke stehende Verbindungslinie der Drehachse mit dem Klinkenzahn in einer Ebene verlaufen. Darunter wird verstanden, dass sie nicht windschief zueinander gerichtet sind. Bevorzugt sind verlaufen beiden Linien parallel zueinander, weil dann eine besonders kompakte Anordnung möglich ist. Ein leichter Winkel dieser Linien zueinander ist ebenso denkbar, der Bauraumvorteil verringert sich entsprechend. The parking lock forms a compact unit if the direction of movement of the piston and the connecting line of the axis of rotation with the ratchet tooth, which is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the pawl, run in one plane. This means that they are not skewed towards each other. The two lines are preferably parallel to one another because a particularly compact arrangement is then possible. A slight angle of these lines to each other is also conceivable, the space advantage is reduced accordingly.
Die Parksperre kann ein eigenes Gehäuse als Parksperrengehäuse aufweisen. Das Parksperrengehäuse bildet dann mit dem Getriebegehäuse entweder ein gemeinsames Gesamtgehäuse, oder das Parksperrengehäuse ist innerhalb des Getriebegehäuses angeordnet. Alternativ kann die Parksperre ohne eigenes Gehäuse sein, so dass das Gehäuse für die Parksperre das Getriebegehäuse selbst ist. The parking lock can have its own housing as a parking lock housing. The parking lock housing then forms a common overall housing with the gear housing, or the parking lock housing is arranged within the gear housing. Alternatively, the parking lock can be without its own housing, so that the housing for the parking lock is the gear housing itself.
Zwischen jeweils zwei Bauteilen zwischen der Schlittenführung und dem Gehäuse können zusätzlich Beschichtungen, Elastomere oder andere dämpfende Elemente vorgesehen werden, um den Körperschall weiter zu reduzieren. Additional coatings, elastomers or other damping elements can be provided between two components between the slide guide and the housing in order to further reduce structure-borne noise.
Die Ausleitung der Stützkraft der Sperrklinke, die durch das Verriegelungsmoment und dem Eingriffswinkel des Klinkenzahns der Sperrklinke mit der Verzahnung des Parksperrenrads erzeugt wird, kann in einer Ausführungsform über eine Rolle oder ein Rollenpaket in das Gehäuse abgeleitet werden, die am Schlitten angeordnet ist bzw. sind. Beim Rollenpaket wälzt eine Rolle vorzugsweise auf dem Rücken der Sperrklinke ab, während die andere Rolle an der Schlittenführung wälzt. Die Rollen können zur Reibungsminimierung als Nadel- oder Kugellager, in einer einfachen Ausführungsform auch als Vollrolle ausgebildet sein. The derivation of the support force of the pawl, which is generated by the locking torque and the pressure angle of the pawl tooth of the pawl with the toothing of the parking lock wheel, can in one embodiment via a roller or a Roll package are derived in the housing, which is or are arranged on the carriage. In the case of the roller package, one roller preferably rolls on the back of the pawl, while the other roller rolls on the slide guide. To minimize friction, the rollers can be designed as needle or ball bearings, in a simple embodiment also as full rollers.
Die Parksperre kann in verschiedenen Arten von Getrieben verbaut werden. Beispielsweise eignet sie sich für Kraftfahrzeuge mit manuellen Getrieben, mit automatisierten oder automatischen Getrieben oder für Getriebe von Elektrofahrzeugen. The parking lock can be installed in different types of gears. For example, it is suitable for motor vehicles with manual transmissions, with automated or automatic transmissions or for transmissions of electric vehicles.
Kurze Beschreibung der Figuren Brief description of the figures
In den Figuren sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt. Es zeigen: Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the figures. Show it:
Figur 1 die wesentlichen Bauteile einer ersten Parksperre in einer perspektivischen Figure 1 shows the essential components of a first parking lock in a perspective
Ansicht und  View and
Figur 2 eine zweite Parksperre in einer perspektivischen Ansicht. Figure 2 shows a second parking lock in a perspective view.
Ausführliche Beschreibung der Figuren Detailed description of the figures
In Figur 1 ist eine Parksperre 1 mit ihren für ihre Funktion wesentlichen Bauteilen gezeigt. Die Parksperre 1 weist eine um eine Drehachse a schwenkbare Sperrklinke 4 mit einem Klinkenzahn 5 zum Eingriff in ein Parksperrenrad 2 auf. Das Parksperrenrad 2 besitzt eine Sperrverzahnung mit einer um seinen Umfang verteilten Anzahl von Ausnehmungen 3, in die der Klinkenzahn 5 der Sperrklinke 4 das Parksperrenrad 2 formschlüssig verriegeln kann. In Figure 1, a parking lock 1 is shown with its components essential for their function. The parking lock 1 has a pawl 4 which can be pivoted about an axis of rotation a and has a ratchet tooth 5 for engaging in a parking lock wheel 2. The parking lock gear 2 has locking teeth with a number of recesses 3 distributed around its circumference, into which the pawl tooth 5 of the locking pawl 4 can lock the parking lock gear 2 in a form-fitting manner.
In Figur 4 ist die Sperrklinke 4 in einer nach unten (in Richtung auf die Sperrverzahnung 2 zu) gerichteten Stellung zu sehen, in der ein Klinkenzahn 5 der Sperrklinke 4 in eine der Ausnehmungen 3 der Sperrverzahnung 2 eingreift und so die Anordnung verriegelt. In Figure 4, the pawl 4 can be seen in a downward direction (towards the locking teeth 2) in which a pawl tooth 5 Pawl 4 engages in one of the recesses 3 of the locking teeth 2 and thus locks the arrangement.
Die Verriegelung bzw. Entriegelung der Parksperre 1 erfolgt über einen Antrieb 6, der hier als Antriebswelle angedeutet ist, die für das Ver- bzw. Entriegeln um ihre Drehachse c dreht. The parking lock 1 is locked or unlocked via a drive 6, which is indicated here as a drive shaft which rotates about its axis of rotation c for locking and unlocking.
Die Übertragung der Bewegung des Antriebs 6 auf die Sperrklinke 4 erfolgt mittels eines Getriebeelements 7, das einen mittels eines Linearaktuators 8 linear verschieblichen Schlitten 12 aufweist, in dem drei Rollen 13, 14 und 15 gelagert sind. Die Rolle 13 steht in Kontakt mit einer Rampe 17, die rückseitig und damit an der dem Klinkenzahn 5 abgewandten Seite an der Sperrklinke 4 ausgebildet ist. Während die Rolle 13 auf der Sperrklinke 4 abwälzt, rollen die Rollen 14, 15 auf einer Armierung 27 ab. Bei linearer Bewegung des Schlittens 12 wird folglich die Sperrklinke 4 verschwenkt. The transmission of the movement of the drive 6 to the pawl 4 takes place by means of a gear element 7 which has a carriage 12 which can be moved linearly by means of a linear actuator 8 and in which three rollers 13, 14 and 15 are mounted. The roller 13 is in contact with a ramp 17 which is formed on the rear side and thus on the side facing away from the pawl tooth 5 on the pawl 4. While the roller 13 rolls on the pawl 4, the rollers 14, 15 roll on a reinforcement 27. With linear movement of the slide 12, the pawl 4 is consequently pivoted.
Das Getriebeelement 7 umfasst einen Kurbeltrieb, mit dem ein Teil 9 des Getriebeelements 7 linear bewegt werden kann. Zwischen dem Teil 9 und dem Schlitten 12 ist eine Stange 16 angeordnet, so dass sich eine lineare Bewegung des Teils 9 auf den Schlitten 12 überträgt. Die Stange 16 ist von einer Druckfeder 20 umschlossen, die die Sperrklinke 4 vorspannt und in der verriegelten Position hält. Der Kurbeltrieb hat dabei eine Kurbel 10 und einen Pleuel 1 1 , die gelenkig miteinander verbunden und um eine Schwenkachse b drehbar sind. Die Kurbel 10 ist mit dem Antrieb 6 drehfest verbunden. Der Pleuel 1 1 ist mit dem Teil 9 gelenkig verbunden. Wird nun der Antrieb 6 betrieben, d. h. erfolgt eine Drehung um die Achse c, bewegt sich die Kurbel 10 entsprechend und zieht den Pleuel 1 1 mit. The gear element 7 comprises a crank mechanism with which a part 9 of the gear element 7 can be moved linearly. A rod 16 is arranged between the part 9 and the slide 12, so that a linear movement of the part 9 is transmitted to the slide 12. The rod 16 is enclosed by a compression spring 20 which biases the pawl 4 and holds it in the locked position. The crank mechanism has a crank 10 and a connecting rod 11, which are connected to one another in an articulated manner and are rotatable about a pivot axis b. The crank 10 is rotatably connected to the drive 6. The connecting rod 1 1 is articulated to the part 9. If the drive 6 is now operated, i. H. if there is a rotation about the axis c, the crank 10 moves accordingly and pulls the connecting rod 11 with it.
Die Parksperre 1 nach Figur 2 zeigt einen in der Figur 1 nicht dargestellten The parking lock 1 according to FIG. 2 shows one not shown in FIG. 1
hydraulischen Dämpfer, der aus einem Kolben 19 und einem Kolbenzylinder 18 gebildet ist. Der Kolben 19 ist in dem Kolbenzylinder axial beweglich und kann Arbeit gegen eine Hydraulikflüssigkeit verrichten. Der Kolbenzylinder 18 weist einen endseitig verjüngten Kolbenstutzen 27 auf, mit dem er in einer Stirnwand 22 des Parksperrengehäuses 21 befestigt ist. Mittig in dem Kolbenstutzen ist eine Drossel 23 in Form einer Bohrung angeordnet. Mit dem durch die Verjüngung des hydraulic damper, which is formed from a piston 19 and a piston cylinder 18. The piston 19 is axially movable in the piston cylinder and can work against a hydraulic fluid. The piston cylinder 18 has a piston neck 27 tapered at the end, with which it is fastened in an end wall 22 of the parking lock housing 21. There is a throttle in the middle of the piston neck 23 arranged in the form of a bore. With the through the rejuvenation of the
Kolbenstutzens 27 gebildeten Ringflansch stützt sich der Kolbenzylinder 22 an der Stirnwand 22 ab. Piston socket 27 formed ring flange, the piston cylinder 22 is supported on the end wall 22.
Der Kolbenzylinder 18 weist Entlüftungskanäle 26 auf, die in axialer Richtung verlaufen und auf der dem Kolben 19 zugewandten Seite entlüften. Der Kolben 19 und der Kolbenzylinder 18 sind beide radial von der Feder 20 umgeben, die sich zum einen ebenfalls an der Stirnwand 22 abstützt und zum anderen an einer Platte 28, die mit dem Schlitten 12 und einer einteilig mit dem Kolben 19 ausgebildeten Kolbenstange 29 fest verbunden ist. The piston cylinder 18 has ventilation channels 26, which run in the axial direction and vent on the side facing the piston 19. The piston 19 and the piston cylinder 18 are both radially surrounded by the spring 20, which is also supported on the one hand on the end wall 22 and on the other hand on a plate 28 which is fixed to the slide 12 and a piston rod 29 formed in one piece with the piston 19 connected is.
Bezugszeichenliste Reference symbol list
1 Parksperre 1 parking lock
2 Parksperrenrad  2 parking lock wheel
3 Ausnehmung  3 recess
4 Sperrklinke  4 pawl
5 Klinkenzahn  5 ratchet tooth
6 Antrieb  6 drive
7 Getriebeelement  7 gear element
8 Linearaktuator  8 linear actuator
9 Teil  9 part
10 Kurbel  10 crank
1 1 Pleuel 1 1 connecting rod
12 Schlitten 12 sledges
13 Rolle  13 roll
14 Rolle  14 roll
15 Rolle  15 roll
16 Stange  16 bars
17 Rampe  17 ramp
18 Kolbenzylinder  18 piston cylinders
19 Kolben  19 pistons
20 Feder  20 spring
21 Gehäuse 21 housing
22 Stirnwand 22 end wall
23 Drossel  23 throttle
24 Durchgangsausnehmung  24 passage recess
25 Welle  25 wave
26 Entlüftungskanal  26 ventilation duct
27 Kolbenstutzen  27 piston neck
28 Platte  28 plate
29 Kolbenstange a Drehachse der Sperrklinke 29 piston rod a Pawl axis of rotation
b Schwenkachse der Verbindung zwischen Kurbel und Pleuel c Drehachse des Aktuators b Swivel axis of the connection between crank and connecting rod c Rotation axis of the actuator

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Parksperre (1 ) für ein Getriebe eines Kraftfahrzeugs mit einem Gehäuse (21 ), aufweisend: eine Sperrklinke (4), die um eine Drehachse (a) schwenkbar angeordnet ist und einen Klinkenzahn (5) aufweist, der zum formschlüssigen Eingriff in ein Parksperrenrad (2) ausgebildet ist, 1. Parking lock (1) for a transmission of a motor vehicle with a housing (21), comprising: a pawl (4) which is arranged pivotably about an axis of rotation (a) and has a ratchet tooth (5) which for positive engagement in a Parking lock wheel (2) is formed
- einen Linearaktuator (8), der separat zur Sperrklinke (4) und zu ihrer Betätigung ausgebildet ist, so dass diese reversibel mit ihrem Klinkenzahn (5) in Eingriff mit dem Parksperrenrad (2) gebracht werden kann, einen hydraulischen Dämpfer mit einem in einem Kolbenzylinder (18) angeordneten Kolben (19), wobei der hydraulische Dämpfer beim Entriegeln der Parksperre die Bewegung des Linearaktuators (8) abbremst und der Linearaktuator (8) als der Kolben (19) ausgebildet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass - A linear actuator (8), which is designed separately for the pawl (4) and for its actuation, so that it can be reversibly brought into engagement with the parking lock wheel (2) with its pawl tooth (5), a hydraulic damper with one in one Piston cylinder (18) arranged piston (19), wherein the hydraulic damper brakes the movement of the linear actuator (8) when unlocking the parking lock and the linear actuator (8) is designed as the piston (19), characterized in that
- der Linearaktuator (8) im entriegelten Zustand der Parksperre (1 ) mittels einer Feder (20) vorgespannt ist, welche beim Einlegen der Parksperre (1 ) die Sperrklinke (4) verdreht und welche den Kolben und den Kolbenzylinder radial einschließt. - The linear actuator (8) in the unlocked state of the parking lock (1) is biased by a spring (20) which rotates the pawl (4) when the parking lock (1) is inserted and which encloses the piston and the piston cylinder radially.
2. Parksperre (1 ) nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen dem Kolben (19) und der Sperrklinke (4) ein mit dem Kolben (19) fest verbundener Schlitten (12) angeordnet ist. 2. Parking lock (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that between the piston (19) and the pawl (4) with the piston (19) fixedly connected carriage (12) is arranged.
3. Parksperre (1 ) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schlitten (12) eine Rolle (13) haltert, welche auf der Sperrklinke (4) abrollt. 3. Parking lock (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the carriage (12) holds a roller (13) which rolls on the pawl (4).
4. Parksperre (1 ) nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Parksperre ein Gehäuse (21 ) mit einer Stirnwand (22) aufweist, an der sich sowohl die Feder (20) als auch der Kolbenzylinder (18) abstützen. 4. Parking lock (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the parking lock has a housing (21) with an end wall (22) on which both the spring (20) and the piston cylinder (18) are supported.
5. Parksperre (1 ) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kolbenzylinder (18) an seinem dem Kolben (19) abgewandten Ende eine Drossel (23) aufweist. 5. Parking lock (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the piston cylinder (18) at its end facing away from the piston (19) has a throttle (23).
6. Parksperre (1 ) nach Anspruch 4 und 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stirnwand (22) eine Durchgangsausnehmung (24) aufweist, in der die Drossel (23) angeordnet ist. 6. Parking lock (1) according to claim 4 and 5, characterized in that the end wall (22) has a through recess (24) in which the throttle (23) is arranged.
7. Parksperre (1 ) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kolbenzylinder (18) axiale Entlüftungskanäle (26) aufweist, welche den Kolbenzylinder (18) an der zum Kolben (19) gerichteten Stirnseite entlüften. 7. Parking lock (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the piston cylinder (18) has axial ventilation channels (26) which vent the piston cylinder (18) on the end facing the piston (19).
8. Parksperre (1 ) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bewegungsrichtung des Kolbens (19) und die durch die Drehachse (a) der Sperrklinke (4) und den Klinkenzahn (5) gebildete Verbindungslinie in einer Ebene verlaufen. 8. Parking lock (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the direction of movement of the piston (19) and the connecting line formed by the axis of rotation (a) of the pawl (4) and the pawl tooth (5) extend in one plane.
PCT/DE2019/100825 2018-11-21 2019-09-19 Parking lock for a motor vehicle WO2020103970A1 (en)

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DE102018129317 2018-11-21
DE102018129317.8 2018-11-21
DE102018132470.7A DE102018132470B4 (en) 2018-11-21 2018-12-17 Parking lock for a motor vehicle
DE102018132470.7 2018-12-17

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PCT/DE2019/100825 WO2020103970A1 (en) 2018-11-21 2019-09-19 Parking lock for a motor vehicle
PCT/DE2019/100949 WO2020103975A1 (en) 2018-11-21 2019-11-05 Parking lock device for a transmission with a parking lock wheel
PCT/DE2019/100999 WO2020103981A1 (en) 2018-11-21 2019-11-21 Parking lock and method for the assembly thereof

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PCT/DE2019/100999 WO2020103981A1 (en) 2018-11-21 2019-11-21 Parking lock and method for the assembly thereof

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US (1) US11614167B2 (en)
CN (2) CN112969871B (en)
DE (10) DE102018130315A1 (en)
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US20210396310A1 (en) 2021-12-23
WO2020103975A1 (en) 2020-05-28
DE102019101467A1 (en) 2019-10-24
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DE102018131844B4 (en) 2020-07-23
DE102019131479A1 (en) 2020-05-28
DE202018006325U1 (en) 2020-01-20
CN112969872A (en) 2021-06-15
DE102018131845A1 (en) 2019-10-24
DE102018131263B4 (en) 2020-07-23
US11614167B2 (en) 2023-03-28
DE102018132470B4 (en) 2020-06-18
DE102018130315A1 (en) 2019-10-24
DE102018132470A1 (en) 2020-05-28
CN112969872B (en) 2022-08-02
CN112969871B (en) 2022-08-02
DE102018131486A1 (en) 2019-10-24
CN112969871A (en) 2021-06-15
DE102019101913A1 (en) 2020-05-28
DE102018131263A1 (en) 2020-05-28
WO2020103981A1 (en) 2020-05-28
DE102019101913B4 (en) 2020-07-09

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