Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
  • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
  • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
  • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
  • H04R1/323—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only for loudspeakers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
  • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
  • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
  • H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
  • H04R7/045—Plane diaphragms using the distributed mode principle, i.e. whereby the acoustic radiation is emanated from uniformly distributed free bending wave vibration induced in a stiff panel and not from pistonic motion
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
  • H04R2440/00—Bending wave transducers covered by H04R, not provided for in its groups
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
  • H04R2440/00—Bending wave transducers covered by H04R, not provided for in its groups
  • H04R2440/07—Loudspeakers using bending wave resonance and pistonic motion to generate sound
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
  • H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
  • H04R2499/10—General applications
  • H04R2499/13—Acoustic transducers and sound field adaptation in vehicles
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
  • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
  • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
  • H04R7/12—Non-planar diaphragms or cones
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
  • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
  • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers

Definitions

• the invention relates to a loudspeaker with a housing, a cone membrane arranged in the housing and a cover, which is arranged in or on the housing and fixed at least in sections along its circumference, in particular flat, which is arranged in front of the cone membrane in the opening direction of the cone membrane Covering the cone membrane and defining an intermediate space with the cone membrane and possibly the housing, as well as an actuator for generating vibrations.
• the invention further relates to a motor vehicle with at least one corresponding loudspeaker and to the use of at least one loudspeaker in a motor vehicle.
• the present invention relates generally to the field of sound generation using loudspeakers, and more particularly to sound generation in and on motor vehicles.
• vehicle noise instead, the so-called vehicle sound.
• Such applications are available, for example, in the case of electrically operated vehicles which, for the purpose of acoustical location, secrete sound to the outside, which can be modulated, for example, according to the speed of the vehicle.
• Other areas of application concern, for example, sound support for the engine or the like.
• the source of the sound generation is not easy to locate, since a sound impression is to be generated which is to be perceived, for example, as the sound of the entire motor vehicle.
• loudspeakers that have a certain directional characteristic or a small radiation area, such as cone loudspeakers or dome loudspeakers.
• Such speakers are mostly operated electrodynamically and are therefore referred to as electrodynamic speakers.
• the loudspeaker membranes of electrodynamic loudspeakers convert the alternating thrust forces of an actuator into sound pressure.
• Typical electrodynamic actuators for loudspeakers are, for example, voice coil actuators, also called moving coil actuators. These have a permanent magnetic ring with a magnetic field into which a voice coil arranged on a voice coil carrier is immersed and which is subjected to an oscillation of the signal current.
• the reverse magnetic configuration with a disc-shaped magnet lying in a pot yoke is also possible here.
• the voice coil former is connected to the center, ie the tip of the cone membrane, which has a central opening for receiving and connecting to the voice coil former.
• the cone diaphragm ran a cone speaker on a resilient bead on its outer edge or circumference suspended from a basket that gives the speaker stability, and at the lower end of which the non-oscillating part of the actuator is attached.
• the oscillating voice coil carrier is in turn connected to the basket via a centering spider, which ensures that the voice coil carrier dips reliably into the magnetic gap without touching the magnet.
• very light materials and a conical shape are used for cone loudspeakers, which gives the cone membrane a high rigidity despite its low weight.
• the cone membrane suffers only a little bending.
• cone membranes Due to their conical shape and high rigidity, cone membranes have the property of bundling the sound more and more in the direction of radiation with increasing frequency. A large part of the emitted sound power reaches the ear of a listener directly. This makes it easy to identify the location where the loudspeaker is located as a sound source.
• flexible shaft membranes to avoid sound bundling.
• cone loudspeakers whose cone membrane has a comparatively high rigidity due to the cone shape
• flexible shaft membranes are mostly flat and clamped around their circumference. Due to their flat geometry, their rigidity is much lower than that of cone membranes.
• the sound radiation in a flexible shaft membrane occurs due to an excitation of the flexible shaft membrane in the center of the membrane or at another location that leads to Excitation is suitable, depending on which acoustic properties are to be set.
• the oscillating excitation creates a vibration wave pattern on the bending wave membrane, similar to waves on a water surface or the vibrations on the top of a string instrument. Due to the superimposition of the vibrations for the different frequencies generated, the parts of the membrane surface are involved in the chaotic interaction in the sound generation.
• a bundling of the sound field is avoided due to the temporally and spatially distributed radiation areas on the membrane.
• Corresponding loudspeakers with flat diaphragms are referred to as “sound panels”, “sound boards” or “distributed mode loudspeakers” (DML), for example, which are excited in a corresponding manner by the force input of the voice coil of a voice coil actuator to bending vibrations.
• DML distributed mode loudspeakers
• This delocalized and unfocused sound generation means that these flat sound transducers are difficult to locate even at a short distance for the ear, because a large part of the emitted sound, due to the low level of concentration, reaches the listener via detours via reflective surfaces in a room.
• Sound transducers with flexible wave membranes also have disadvantages.
• the open design as a baffle without a rear housing, requires a comparatively large membrane area due to the acoustic short-circuit of the sound waves emitted in front and back in phase opposition in order to be able to reproduce even low frequencies and is therefore hardly suitable for applications with limited installation space.
• a flat diaphragm in a closed rear housing, there is no acoustic short circuit, but the low-frequency reproduction is restricted by the fact that the diaphragm, due to its stiffness at low frequencies, vibrates synchronously over its entire surface ("piston-shaped”), i.e.
• the vibration wavelength is longer than the linear extension of the membrane, and the thus large effective membrane area meets only in very large housings with a low air spring stiffness, which strongly dampens the scarf I generation at these frequencies.
• the built-in resonance frequency would increase sharply, again at the expense of low-frequency reproduction.
• a reduced diaphragm area could counteract this disadvantage at low frequencies, however, this would reduce the efficiency and at the same time hinder the radiation of high frequencies in the flexural shaft membrane.
• the use of open bending wave transducers is comparatively expensive because the flat membrane must be driven by a special, watertight actuator. This means that the production costs are at least twice that of housings with a conventional cone speaker.
• a flexible wave loudspeaker in vehicles, for example as an AVAS-compliant external sound system for hybrid and electric vehicles, the rear radiation that is present in open systems can be disadvantageous since it can then also be heard in the interior.
• a frequency range from 120 Hz is required.
• the space required for a flexible wave loudspeaker can reach space limits, as well as the required housing size in the case of closed construction.
• the conventional cone speaker meets the requirements for sound pressure and frequency range, but will remain localized as an artificial sound source in the vehicle, because the sound is generated locally.
• the directional radiation characteristics of the cone loudspeakers may require the installation of several loudspeakers in order to ensure even sound distribution around the vehicle, which can negate the cost advantage and, due to the large number of sound sources, can also lead to interference in the sound field.
• the diaphragm of a conventional cone loudspeaker and its drive must be protected from numerous demanding loads when used outdoors in automobiles.
• a protective cover for the sensitive membrane and its elastic clamping (beading) is particularly necessary. This must keep stone chips, splash water, snow, salt, icing and high-pressure jet cleaning away from the membrane.
• every membrane cover known so far means a compromise between protection and sound transmission.
• a hole size that is too small for a protective grill can quickly become clogged with dust, salt and sand, for example, a larger hole will not adequately protect the membrane from a high-pressure jet.
• the membrane must also consist of very stable and light materials, for example carbon fiber laminate, which increases the cost of the construction of a conventional loudspeaker, which is inexpensive in itself, for automotive applications.
• the present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a loudspeaker which, with little effort, has a wide range of perception and is difficult to locate, and is particularly suitable for use in automobiles, and to enable a corresponding motor vehicle and a corresponding use of a loudspeaker in a motor vehicle.
• One aspect of the invention is a loudspeaker with a housing, a cone membrane arranged in the housing and a cover, which is arranged in or on the housing and at least partially fixed along its circumference, in particular flat, cover, which is arranged in an opening direction of the cone membrane in front of the cone membrane is, the cone membrane and with the cone membrane and possibly the housing defines an intermediate space, and an actuator for generating vibrations, in particular voice coil actuator, which is further developed in that the cover completely or at least partially in a central area in front of the Cone membrane is designed as a flat and unbroken flexible shaft membrane, where a part of the actuator vibrating to generate sound is mechanically rigidly coupled to the conical membrane as well as to the flexible shaft membrane, so that axial movements of the actuator are in phase on the conical membrane and the flexible shaft len membrane are transferred.
• the invention is based on the basic idea that the construction principles of the cone loudspeaker and the bending wave transducer are combined with one another in such a way that the actual sound generation in the sense that the outwardly penetrating sound is generated at least partially delocalized by the bending wave membrane and the cone loudspeaker supports sound generation through the flexible shaft diaphragm in such a way that the after parts of the above-mentioned open or closed designs of flexible shaft converters are avoided.
• the cone membrane which due to its conical shape, it has a high degree of rigidity and moves the air in the space between the cone membrane and the flexible shaft membrane in phase with the excitation of the flexible shaft membrane, so that this air mass oscillates essentially as a whole with the excitation of the two membranes.
• the concept of the opening direction of the cone membrane is to be understood as in a conventional cone speaker, namely in the direction of the opening of the cone angle of the cone membrane.
• the total volume contained or defined in the space changes only slightly during the in-phase driven oscillations of the two membranes. Due to its deflection, the cone membrane, which oscillates in phase, ensures the same or approximately the same pressure conditions as in front of the flexible shaft membrane. The consequence of this is that the flexible shaft membrane does not encounter high air spring stiffness on its rear side, which was a fundamental problem with the closed design of a flexible shaft converter.
• the air volume in the housing on the rear of the cone loudspeaker or cone membrane is completely enclosed, it is the cone membrane that meets the high air spring stiffness in its rear area .
• the cone membrane Due to its high rigidity and possibly due to its smaller effective projected area compared to the bending shaft membrane, the cone membrane is less affected by the air stiffness and the damping at low frequencies by this effect than the larger and much less rigid bending shaft membrane. In this way, a lower resonance frequency can be achieved with little volume.
• the bending wave membrane can also emit relatively low-frequency sound signals effectively and largely without damping.
• the result is a loudspeaker that combines the acoustic properties of a conventional loudspeaker in the low-frequency range with the wide-range behavior of a flexible-wave transducer with low manufacturing costs, and since there is no separate transducer drives for high and low frequencies.
• the system becomes significantly more robust in that the sound-emitting, closed flexible shaft membrane is the cover or part of the cover and thus a protective cover in front of the cone loudspeaker membrane. This makes the speaker suitable for use as an automotive external sound speaker, for example.
• the bending wave membrane of the loudspeaker In the event that the unbroken bending wave membrane of the loudspeaker completely covers the cone membrane or the cone loudspeaker, and in particular also possibly covers the housing of the loudspeaker, the bending wave membrane is used as a protective cap for the loudspeaker. It can also protect the actuator and the cone membrane from the ingress of salt, sand or water and is also suitable, if necessary, to withstand high-pressure sprayed water for cleaning and to protect the components behind the loudspeaker. This predestines the loudspeaker for use in an external sound system of a motor vehicle.
• the loudspeaker or the flexible shaft membrane has a suitable shape. Rectangular, round or elliptical shapes are particularly suitable, with which other shapes are not excluded. In the case of angular shapes, the corners are preferably rounded. When used in an external sound system of a motor vehicle, the shape can also be adapted to the available installation space.
• the cone membrane is connected to the vibrating part of the actuator and the surface of the flexible shaft membrane for mechanically rigid coupling is connected to the actuator via a web body or a connecting tube.
• a direct mechanical connection of the two membranes with a common vibrating component reliably ensures the excitation of the two membranes in phase and ensures the advantages according to the invention.
• the excitation of the flexible shaft membrane can take place centrally, i.e. in the middle, in the central part, i.e. in the middle or close to the center, or off-center, depending on the desired acoustic properties and structural conditions. Suitable excitation positions can be calculated or arbitrarily determined for any dimensioned flexible shaft membrane.
• the web body or the connecting pipe is designed as an elongated part or as an extension of the vibrating part of the actuator, which or which extends to the flexible shaft membrane, in particular as an extended coil support of a voice coil actuator, is designed as part of the flexible shaft membrane, which extends to the actuator returns and / or formed as a coupling with a coupling part of the flexible shaft membrane and a matching coupling part of the actuator, in particular one coupling part being designed as a receiving part and the other coupling part being designed as a rod that fits into the receiving part.
• the cone membrane is connected in its central part to a vibrating part of the actuator, in particular a voice coil support of a voice coil actuator, the surface of the flexible shaft membrane being connected to the actuator via a web body or a connecting tube, in particular at least partially solid or tubular, or a connecting tube is.
• the web body or the connecting tube thus connect the actuator both to the cone membrane and to the flexible shaft membrane and enable the two membranes to vibrate in phase with one another.
• This connec tion piece can be designed as a tube, so hollow, or solid, so as a web body, various features such as rods, arms etc. are included under the term "web body" within the scope of this feature.
• the connecting piece can also be hollow in sections and solid in sections, as long as the functions of the mechanical connection of the actuator with the two membranes are fulfilled.
• the Biegewel lenmembran is formed with a circumferential, angled, continuous or partially broken edge, which extends towards the housing and supports the cover with respect to the housing, the edge being oriented in particular perpendicular to a plane spanned by the flexible shaft membrane.
• the angled edge is suitable for connection to or support on the loudspeaker housing and gives the cover or the flexible shaft membrane at its circumference sufficient rigidity, which is favorable for the proper functioning of the flexible shaft membrane as a delocalized sound source.
• the intermediate space is thus connected to an air volume surrounding the loudspeaker via one or more openings, which is or are arranged in particular on the circumference of the flexible wave membrane.
• This enables the flexible shaft membrane to carry out a larger vibration amplitude and thus generate more sound than if the air volume in the space between the flexible shaft membrane and the cone membrane were completely enclosed.
• the residual air spring stiffness of the oscillating air volume in the intermediate space is thus eliminated, while at the same time the acoustic short-circuit is minimized by the basic principle of the oscillating cone membrane.
• the circumferential openings can also be used for drainage after the ingress of moisture, rain or splash water.
• the clamping of the cover and / or the flexible shaft membrane is carried out along its circumference by an adhesive bond, a weld, a clamp or a pretension.
• Clamping can take the form, for example, of a Screw, a fastening with a bayonet lock or an external clamp can be moved.
• a preload can mean that the flexible shaft diaphragm is preloaded with a tensile force in the direction of the housing and thus lies firmly against the housing. This pretension should be dimensioned such that the oscillations of the actuator do not cause the flexible shaft membrane to lift off the housing.
• the loudspeaker comprises a cone loudspeaker with the cone diaphragm, a bead surrounding the cone diaphragm, a basket and a centering spider which centers the cone diaphragm with respect to the actuator, the actuator in particular also being part of the cone loudspeaker.
• the flexible shaft diaphragm can be placed on the original cone loudspeaker as an add-on.
• a diameter of the flexible shaft membrane is larger than a maximum diameter of the cone membrane or the cone loudspeaker, the flexible shaft membrane in particular completely or at least essentially covering the housing. This measure ensures that the cone loudspeaker with the possibly sensitive cone membrane is effectively protected against external influences, for example against contamination, high-pressure water jets, sand or salt.
• the flexible shaft membrane is a central part of the cover and is surrounded by a surface perforated by recesses or by a non-perforated surface which is part of the cover and with which the flexible shaft membrane is elastically deformed. is bound, the flexible shaft membrane being smaller than a maximum diameter of the cone membrane or the cone loudspeaker.
• the surrounding surface does not or only very little participate in the bending shaft vibrations of the bending shaft membrane, since the bending stiffness of the broken surface or the elastic connection means that the bending waves do not or only insignificantly continue into the surrounding surface. but are very weak. If the flexible shaft membrane in the edge area is configured in this way, a defined flexibility of the protective cover or flexible shaft membrane can be set, the openings also ensuring a linear path behavior and reducing box spring effects ("cracked frog") when the protective cover is bent.
• the cover with the flexible shaft membrane and the surrounding surface can be made in one piece or in several parts.
• the flexible shaft membrane can be elastically connected to the cover by means of an adhesive, alternatively or additionally also connected by clamping or clamping.
• the area penetrated by recesses is designed in a version as a perforated grille, similar to the case with conventional cone speakers, or alternatively as a slit.
• the flexible wave membrane With the surface broken through by recesses, the flexible wave membrane is centered, the outer segments are protected from stone chips and similar loads and a sound permeability is created for the cone loudspeaker, which thereby participates more in sound generation, especially in the low-frequency range.
• the perforated part separates the cover into an oscillating part in the form of the flexible shaft membrane and into a non-oscillating part and is easy to manufacture.
• This embodiment makes it possible to set the flexibility of the central flexible shaft membrane on the outer edge outside the area in which the flexible shaft membrane is to act as a protection and sound radiation element.
• the perforated surface generally has a lower rigidity than the flexible shaft membrane and elastically surrounds the flexible shaft membrane, similar to a bead in the case of a conical membrane.
• the area perforated by recesses has a smaller thickness than the flexible shaft membrane.
• the volume between the cone membrane and covers is advantageously ventilated via perforations on the angled edge.
• the variants with a smaller central flexible wave membrane within a larger cover mean that when using larger cone loudspeakers in larger housings, a desirable transmission range extended to low frequencies and greater maximum sound pressure can be achieved.
• higher frequencies are bundled to a greater extent, which limits the radiation area so much that several loudspeakers have to be installed, for example in the case of the vehicle's external sound To meet AVAS requirements.
• This is counteracted by the flexible shaft membrane attached in front of the cone membrane and mechanically rigidly connected to it.
• the sound emitted by bending waves at higher frequencies reduces the location of the sound source and increases the consistent perception of the synthetic signals with the vehicle's own sounds.
• the flexible shaft membrane is provided on one or both sides, in particular on a rear side facing the housing, with a stabilizing profile, in particular honeycombs and / or webs.
• a desired stiffness distribution of the flexible shaft membrane can thus be set, which can be used for setting desired sound radiation properties and a desired frequency response.
• the bending wave membrane can be reinforced as a protective cover for the loudspeaker against mechanical stresses such as water jets sprayed with high pressure for cleaning by a corresponding increase in the rigidity.
• a rear wall of the loudspeaker housing is oriented at an oblique angle to the bending wave diaphragm. This creates a direct resonance with Standing waves between the two closing surfaces of the loudspeaker are avoided, the resonance behavior of the loudspeaker becomes more good-natured.
• this design can be carried out well in many cases if the loudspeaker is installed or inserted into a body part that is not vertical or the installation space behind the body part has an angular cross section.
• the circumferential clamping of the flexible shaft membrane is a rigid or a flexible, in particular resilient, clamping, which is connected in particular to a baffle of the housing.
• a resilient clamping is bar with the clamping of a cone diaphragm in a basket of a cone loudspeaker by means of a bead and allows the flexible shaft diaphragm to transfer its vibrations into the surrounding structures with a transition of the vibration properties that can be set by the spring properties of the clamping.
• the resilient clamping can also be done using a bead-like structure or a bead.
• a further aspect of the invention relates to a motor vehicle with at least one loudspeaker according to the invention described above, in particular the flexible shaft membrane inserted flush into a recess in a body structure or an attachment part of the motor vehicle or being part of a body structure or an attachment part of the motor vehicle.
• This motor vehicle is thus equipped with an efficient loudspeaker with delocalized sound generation suitable for indoor or outdoor use and thus has a suitable and efficient system for sound generation in or on the vehicle.
• This is made possible by the fact that a flat flexible shaft membrane can be inserted almost seamlessly into the outer skin of a body structure or can be part of it.
• the body material made of, for example, glass fiber reinforced plastics (GRP), carbon materials or sandwich structures is itself partially suitable as a flexible shaft membrane, so that the deflection generated by the cone loudspeaker actuator via the rigid coupling leads to sound radiation from the body itself or a segment embedded in it.
• the housings of rear-view mirrors are suitable as add-on parts, without this being limited to this.
• the radiation is emitted from the acoustically ideal radiation location, namely the interface between the vehicle and the sounded Outside space.
• the speaker can be integrated not only acoustically, but also optically and aesthetically into the motor vehicle.
• FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a loudspeaker according to the invention
• FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of a loudspeaker according to the invention
• FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of a loudspeaker according to the invention
• FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of a loudspeaker according to the invention
• Fig. 7 shows a fifth embodiment of a loudspeaker according to the invention.
• FIG. 1 is shown schematically in cross section a first embodiment example of a speaker 10 according to the present invention.
• a cone loudspeaker 20 is arranged in a housing 12.
• the cone loudspeaker 20 has a cone membrane 22 which is connected to the upper edge of a basket 26 via a resilient bead 24.
• the basket 26 is connected with its upper umlau fenden edge to the edge of a speaker opening 14 in the baffle 16 of the housing 12 and supported in this way in the housing 12.
• the cone loudspeaker 20 also has a voice coil actuator 30 with a magnetic ring 32 designed as a permanent magnet, which encloses a pole core 34 to form a magnetic gap (without reference numerals).
• the magnetic ring 32 is closed by a pole plate 36.
• the direction of oscillation of the coil carrier 38 is perpendicular to the orientation of the cone membrane 22, which has an opening in its center, at the edge of which the cone membrane 22 is connected to the coil carrier 38.
• the oscillation of the coil carrier 38 is thus implemented directly in an oscillating movement of the cone membrane 22, which, due to its shape-related stiffness, oscillates essentially as Gan zes.
• the flexible shaft membrane 40 is a flat disk which is supported on the baffle 16 of the housing 12 of the loudspeaker 10 via spacers 42.
• the housing 12, like the flexible shaft membrane 40, can have a round, oval, rectangular or square cross section in a top view of the flexible shaft membrane 40, or a suitable or desired other cross section.
• the flexible shaft membrane 40 has a connecting tube
• connection Dungsrohr 50 on, which connects to the coil carrier 38, which projects beyond the cone membrane 22 for this purpose.
• the connection Dungsrohr 50 is firmly connected to the upper part of the coil carrier 38, so that every oscillatory movement of the coil carrier 38 is transmitted to the connecting tube 50 and subsequently to the flexible shaft membrane 40. This ensures that the cone membrane 22 and the flexible shaft membrane 40 vibrate in phase.
• the space 60 between the cone membrane 22, the top of the baffle 16 and the flexible shaft membrane 40 resonates with the vibration of the two membranes as a whole. As a result, the comparatively less stiff flexible shaft membrane 40 experiences little or no air spring stiffness at the rear.
• the peripheral edge in which some or all of the spacers 42 are arranged, also has openings 44 between the spacers 42, which connect the air volume in the intermediate space 60 with the air outside the loudspeaker 10 in order to improve the acoustic properties.
• the second exemplary embodiment of the loudspeaker 110 differs from the first exemplary embodiment in the design of the cover 13 formed as a flexible shaft membrane 140.
• This flexible shaft membrane 140 has a peripheral edge 142 which is opposite that of the plane of the flexible shaft membrane 140 is angled towards the housing 12.
• the flexible shaft membrane 140 is thus supported on its circumferential edge flush with the housing 12.
• openings 144 are provided in some places, at which the air volume 60 is connected to the air outside the loudspeaker 110 and can be exchanged.
• the housing 12 has on its baffle 16 centering elements 18, which serve to fasten and center the flexible shaft membrane 140 on the housing 12.
• the loudspeaker 110 is largely covered except for the openings 144 and thus protected against the direct impact of dust, salt or water on the cone membrane 22.
• the flexible shaft membrane 140 has a central connecting tube 50 which is firmly connected to the coil carrier of the actuator 30.
• the flexible shaft membrane 140 can be produced, for example, in an injection molding process from plastic, both the edge 142 and the connecting tube 50 being made in one piece with the flexible shaft membrane 140 and as part of the same.
• the third exemplary embodiment of a loudspeaker 210 shown in FIG. 3 differs from the loudspeaker 110 illustrated previously in FIG. 2 by the configuration of the edge of the housing 12 in the region of the support of the cover 213 designed as a flexible shaft membrane 240.
• the flexible shaft membrane 240 of FIG. 3 is configured essentially the same as the flexible shaft membrane 140 from FIG. 2.
• the reference numerals used for the flexible shaft membrane 140 from FIG. 2 apply accordingly to the flexible shaft membrane 240 in FIG. 3, whereby they are increased by 100.
• FIG. 3 shows a difference to the second exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2 in that the upper edge of the housing 12 has a circumferential edge 217 with a labyrinth structure 218, which surrounds the flexible shaft membrane 240 on the outside and a channel for air exchange between an opening 144 and of the outside air.
• the lateral border by the peripheral edge 217 additionally protects the interface between the flexible shaft membrane 240 and the housing 12 and the openings 244.
• FIG. 4 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of a loudspeaker 310, the housing 12 being similar to the housing 12 in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2, that is to say without an additional rotating one Edge 217.
• the cover 313 designed as a flexible shaft membrane 340 is widened beyond the width of the housing 12 in this case and has a protective edge 346 which is pulled down far enough to cover the baffle 16.
• the loudspeaker 310 is only open via a rearward gap and thus in turn is effectively protected against the direct lateral penetration of sand, dust and water.
• the flexible shaft membrane 340 After being offset and aligned with the edge of the housing 12, the flexible shaft membrane 340 has an edge 342 with which the flexible shaft membrane 340 is supported or connected to the housing.
• This inner edge 342 is used for mechanical clamping and, alternatively to the exemplary embodiment shown, can also be offset inwards relative to the edge of the housing 12.
• the edge 342 is not continuous, however, but has openings 344, which in turn enable an air exchange between the outside air and the air in the space 60 of the speaker 310.
• the air enclosed in the housing 12 is enclosed by means of the cone membrane 22, so that this rear air volume has no connection to the outside air.
• FIGS. 5 and 6 each show perspective representations of two covers 11, 313 designed as flexible shaft membranes 140, 340.
• the flexible shaft membrane 140 shown in FIG. 5 corresponds to that from the second and third exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 2 and 3.
• the connecting tube 50 which is hollow and serves to connect to the coil carrier 38 of the voice coil actuator 30, can be clearly seen in the center.
• the peripheral edge 142 is provided with sections of different heights, the sections with a lower height Form openings 144, which bind the enclosed air volume ver with the outside air in the space 60 of the loudspeaker 1 10, 210.
• the flexible shaft membrane 340 shown in FIG. 6 corresponds to that from the fourth exemplary embodiment in FIG.
• the covers 113, 313, which are designed as flexible shaft membranes 140, 340 and are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, are suitable for serving as protective covers for the respective loudspeakers 110, 210 and 310. They are inexpensive to produce in an injection molding process from plastic, or from other suitable vibratable materials, which are preferably suitable for outdoor use in motor vehicles.
• FIGS. 7 and 8a, 8b show a fifth exemplary embodiment of a loudspeaker 410 with a cover 413.
• the cover 413 has a flexible shaft membrane 440 in the central area, which is again equipped with a connecting tube 50, which is used for mechanically rigid contacting to the actuator 30, the flexible shaft membrane 440, in contrast to the previous embodiment examples, however, not the entire area of the Cover 413 makes up, but is surrounded by a perforated surface in the form of a perforated grid 446.
• the outer edge of the cover 413 has the circumferential angled edge 442 Breakthroughs or openings 444, analogous to the embodiment shown in Figure 5.
• the loudspeaker 410 generates the sound partly by means of the bending wave membrane 440 and partly by means of the cone membrane 22.
• the frequency band of the emitted tones is thus extended to low frequencies, the sound generated by the cone membrane 22 primarily through the perforated grille 446 penetrates to the outside.
• the central bending wave membrane 440 takes over part of the sound radiation in the non-directional radiation characteristic typical of bending wave membranes, which in turn makes location more difficult.
• the suspension of the central flexible shaft membrane 440 in the perforated grid 446 is essentially elastic, so that the flexible shaft membrane 440 swings more freely in the edge region than in the previous examples of FIGS. 1 to 6.
• the perforated grid 446 fulfills a function similar to that of a bead 24 a cone speaker 20. This is supported by the fact that the perforated grille 446 in cross-section, which can be seen in FIG. 7, is thinner than the flexible shaft membrane 440 and the surrounding edge 448. At the same time, it supports the rigid mechanical

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Otolaryngology (AREA)
• Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
• Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)

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• 2018
  • 2018-11-13 DE DE102018128386.5A patent/DE102018128386A1/de active Granted
• 2019
  • 2019-11-07 CN CN201980074788.1A patent/CN113196801B/zh active Active
  • 2019-11-07 WO PCT/EP2019/080460 patent/WO2020099222A1/de active Application Filing

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