WO2020090916A1 - 自動車骨格部材 - Google Patents
自動車骨格部材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020090916A1 WO2020090916A1 PCT/JP2019/042630 JP2019042630W WO2020090916A1 WO 2020090916 A1 WO2020090916 A1 WO 2020090916A1 JP 2019042630 W JP2019042630 W JP 2019042630W WO 2020090916 A1 WO2020090916 A1 WO 2020090916A1
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- steel plate
- hardness
- weld metal
- gpa
- strength
- Prior art date
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
- B62D21/15—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted having impact absorbing means, e.g. a frame designed to permanently or temporarily change shape or dimension upon impact with another body
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/002—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating specially adapted for particular articles or work
- B23K11/0026—Welding of thin articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
- B23K11/11—Spot welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/16—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating taking account of the properties of the material to be welded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
- B23K33/004—Filling of continuous seams
- B23K33/008—Filling of continuous seams for automotive applications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/0026—Arc welding or cutting specially adapted for particular articles or work
- B23K9/0035—Arc welding or cutting specially adapted for particular articles or work of thin articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
- B62D25/02—Side panels
- B62D25/025—Side sills thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
- B62D25/04—Door pillars ; windshield pillars
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
- B62D25/06—Fixed roofs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
- B62D25/20—Floors or bottom sub-units
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D27/00—Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units
- B62D27/02—Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units rigid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
- B62D29/007—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof predominantly of special steel or specially treated steel, e.g. stainless steel or locally surface hardened steel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/006—Vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
- B23K2101/185—Tailored blanks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2306/00—Other features of vehicle sub-units
- B60Y2306/01—Reducing damages in case of crash, e.g. by improving battery protection
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2410/00—Constructional features of vehicle sub-units
- B60Y2410/12—Production or manufacturing of vehicle parts
- B60Y2410/124—Welded parts
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a vehicle frame member.
- weight reduction of the vehicle body is required to reduce carbon dioxide emissions contained in the exhaust gas of automobiles and improve fuel efficiency.
- Patent Document 1 describes a technique for achieving both high strength and light weight by welding a main body member of a frame member of an automobile in a state where a reinforcement member is partially polymerized.
- Patent Document 2 describes a technique of welding a first blank and a second blank and then performing hot press molding.
- an object of the present invention is to improve the strength of the entire member including the welded portion and the impact absorption characteristics at a higher level.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved skeleton member capable of improving the joint strength between members.
- a first steel plate and a second steel plate, and a first weld metal part for joining the interface between the first steel plate and the second steel plate The tensile strength of the first steel sheet is 1.0 GPa or more and 1.6 GPa or less,
- the second steel sheet has a tensile strength of 1.8 GPa or more and 2.5 GPa or less
- the first steel plate has a groove,
- the second steel plate is overlapped with the groove,
- the minimum Vickers hardness of a region within 4 mm around the first weld metal portion of the second steel plate is 80% or more of the hardness of the outside of the region of the second steel plate,
- An automobile frame member is provided.
- the Vickers hardness of the first weld metal portion may be 400 or more and 540 or less.
- the first steel sheet includes a flange portion outside the groove portion, A third steel plate, and a second weld metal part for joining the interface between the third steel plate and the flange part,
- the tensile strength of the third steel plate may be 0.45 GPa or more and 1.6 GPa or less.
- an automobile skeleton member capable of improving the strength of the entire skeleton member and improving the shock absorbing property at a higher level and further improving the joint strength between the members.
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line XZ showing an example of the automobile frame member according to the same embodiment. It is an enlarged view showing an example of a welding part concerning the embodiment. It is a graph which shows the hardness change of the welding part which concerns on a prior art example. It is a graph which shows an example of the hardness change of the welding part concerning the embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the test which measures the tensile shear strength of the 1st weld metal part.
- FIG. 11B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II ′ of FIG. 11A. It is an appearance perspective view showing an example to which a car frame member concerning this embodiment is applied as a B pillar.
- FIG. 11B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II ′ of FIG. 11A. It is an appearance perspective view showing an example to which a car frame member concerning this embodiment is applied as a B pillar.
- FIG. 12B is a sectional view taken along the line III-III ′ in FIG. 12A. It is an appearance perspective view showing an example to which a car frame member concerning this embodiment is applied as a roof rail. It is an appearance perspective view showing an example to which a car frame member concerning this embodiment is applied as a roof rail. It is an appearance perspective view showing an example in which a car frame member concerning this embodiment is applied as a side sill.
- FIG. 14B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line V-V ′ in FIG. 14A. It is an exploded perspective view showing an example in which a car frame member concerning this embodiment is applied as a rear side member.
- FIG. 15B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VI-VI ′ of FIG. 15A. It is a sectional view showing an example in which a car frame member concerning this embodiment is applied as a floor member.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a skeleton member 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the skeleton member 1 extends with the Y direction shown in FIG. 1 as a longitudinal direction, and is opened in the Z direction in a cross-sectional view (XZ plane) along the lateral direction. It has a rectangular shape.
- the skeleton member 1 has a substantially hat shape when viewed in a cross section (XZ plane) along the lateral direction.
- a first steel plate 10 and a second steel plate 20 are superposed.
- the first steel plate 10 and the second steel plate 20 are welded and integrated via a plurality of first weld metal parts 40.
- the first steel plate 10 is a member formed in a substantially hat shape in the XZ plane cross-sectional view in FIG. 1, and forms the outer shape of the skeleton member 1.
- the first steel plate 10 includes a first top wall portion 11, a first vertical wall portion 15 bent from the first top wall portion 11 via a first bending portion 13, and a first vertical wall portion. It has a flange portion 17 that is bent outward from an end portion of the portion 15 opposite to the first ceiling wall portion 11 side.
- the first steel plate 10 is provided with a groove portion 18 configured by having first vertical wall portions 15 bent via first bent portions 13 on both sides of the first ceiling wall portion 11.
- the first steel plate 10 also includes flange portions 17 arranged on both outer sides of the groove portion 18.
- the skeleton member 1 can have a closed cross-sectional shape by welding the flange portion 17 to a plate-shaped member (not shown and corresponding to a plate-shaped member 30 as a third steel plate described later).
- the XZ plane cross section in FIG. 1 is a plane perpendicular to the ridgeline of the first bent portion 13.
- the ridgeline of the first bent portion 13 is a line of intersection between a virtual surface extending the outer surface of the first ceiling wall portion 11 and a virtual surface extending the outer surface of the first vertical wall portion 15. Is the ridgeline.
- the second steel plate 20 is formed in a rectangular shape with one side opened in the XZ plane sectional view in FIG.
- the second steel plate 20 has a second top wall portion 21 and a second vertical wall portion 25 extending from the second top wall portion 21 via a second bent portion 23.
- the second steel plate 20 is attached so as to be superposed on the substantially hat-shaped inner wall surface of the first steel plate 10, and functions as a reinforcing member. That is, the second steel plate 20 is attached to the inside of the first steel plate 10 in a substantially hat shape so as to overlap with each other, whereby the plate thickness of the skeleton member 1 can be increased, and the strength of the skeleton member 1 as a whole can be increased. improves.
- the second steel plate 20 may be partially provided in the longitudinal direction of the first steel plate 10. Further, the second steel plate 20 may be provided so as to extend in the longitudinal direction of the first steel plate 10 (Y direction in FIG. 1). Further, the second steel plate 20 may be provided on the substantially hat-shaped outer wall surface of the first steel plate 10.
- the second steel plate 20 is not limited to the rectangular shape with one side opened in the XZ plane sectional view in FIG.
- a member having an L-shaped cross section may be used.
- the second steel plate 20 is attached to the inside or outside of the bend of the first bent portion 13 of the first steel plate 10. It suffices that the second steel plate 20 is superposed on the first steel plate 10 in the groove portion 18, and any of the following cases is possible.
- the case where the second steel plate 20 is arranged inside or outside the first top wall portion 11 of the first steel plate 10 and the first vertical wall portions 15 on both sides.
- the case where the second steel plate 20 is arranged inside or outside the first top wall portion 11 of the first steel plate 10 and the first vertical wall portion 15 of only one side.
- the case where the second steel plate 20 is arranged inside or outside either the first top wall portion 11 or the first vertical wall portion 15 of the first steel plate 10.
- the material forming the first steel plate 10 includes a steel plate having a tensile strength of 1.0 GPa or more and 1.6 GPa or less. Further, as a material forming the first steel plate 10, a steel plate having a tensile strength of 1.5 GPa or less is desirable. Further, as a material forming the first steel plate 10, a steel plate having a tensile strength of 1.35 GPa or less is desirable.
- the tensile strength of the first steel sheet 10 in the present disclosure is the tensile strength after the hardness control by the hot stamping method described later is performed.
- the plate thickness of the steel plate used for the first steel plate 10 may be about 0.9 to 2.3 mm.
- the carbon component in the steel plate used for the first steel plate 10 can be 0.23 mass% or less. Furthermore, the carbon component in the steel plate used for the first steel plate 10 can be 0.16 mass% or less.
- the material constituting the second steel plate 20 may be a steel plate having a tensile strength of 1.8 GPa or more and 2.5 GPa or less. From the viewpoint of weldability, the tensile strength is more preferably 2.15 GPa or less.
- the tensile strength of the second steel sheet 20 in the present disclosure is the tensile strength after the hardness control by the hot stamping method described later is performed. If a tensile test sample cannot be obtained, the Vickers hardness may be used as the tensile strength after being converted. For hardness conversion, the JIS hardness conversion table (SAE J 417, revised in 1983) may be used.
- the tensile strength of 2.15 GPa not included in the hardness conversion table is considered to be Hv618, and 2.5 GPa is considered to be Hv720.
- the plate thickness of the steel plate used for the second steel plate 20 may be about 0.9 to 2.6 mm.
- the carbon component in the steel material used for the second steel plate 20 can be, for example, 0.27% or more and 0.38% or less in order to secure the strength as the reinforcing material.
- the first steel plate 10 and the second steel plate 20 may have the same plate thickness or different plate thicknesses.
- the first steel plate 10 forming the outer shape of the skeleton member 1 has a thin plate thickness
- the second steel plate 20 serving as a reinforcing member has a relatively large thickness, so that the skeleton structure can secure strength. It is possible to reduce the weight of the member 1 as a whole.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the bending strength ratio of the skeletal member 1 according to this embodiment and the tensile strength of the second steel plate 20.
- the bending strength of the skeleton member 1 when the steel plate of the second steel plate 20 is a steel plate having a tensile strength of 1.6 GPa, which is the upper limit of the strength class of the steel plate used for the first steel plate 10. Is set as 1 for comparison (white circle in FIG. 2).
- the bending strength ratio of the skeleton member 1 shows a value of about 1.15. That is, when the tensile strength of the second steel plate 20 is 1.8 GPa or more, the strength of the skeleton member 1 as a whole is improved.
- the bending strength ratio of the skeleton member 1 shows a value of about 1.23.
- the bending strength ratio of the skeleton member 1 shows a value of about 1.45.
- the entire skeletal member 1 The strength of can be improved.
- the tensile strength of the second steel plate 20 becomes too high, the hardness of the first weld metal portion 40 becomes too high, as described later, and the first steel plate 10 and the second steel plate 20 are joined together. The strength may be reduced. Therefore, the tensile strength of the second steel plate 20 is set to 2.5 GPa or less.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the XZ plane showing an example of the skeleton member 1 according to the present embodiment, and is a cross-sectional view taken along the line I-I ′ in FIG. 1.
- the flange portion 17 of the first steel plate 10 is welded to the plate-shaped member 30 as the third steel plate, so that the skeleton member 1 has a closed cross section.
- a second steel plate 20 is provided inside the closed cross section of the skeleton member 1.
- the second steel plate 20 is welded to the first steel plate 10 via the first weld metal part 40.
- the interface between the plate member 30 (third steel plate) and the flange portion 17 is joined by the second weld metal portion 41.
- the first weld metal portion 40 is formed at the interface between the first top wall portion 11 of the first steel plate 10 and the second top wall portion 21 of the second steel plate 20. ..
- the first weld metal portion 40 is formed at the interface between the first vertical wall portion 15 of the first steel plate 10 and the second vertical wall portion 25 of the second steel plate 20.
- the first weld metal portion 40 has an interface between the first top wall portion 11 and the second top wall portion 21 or an interface between the first vertical wall portion 15 and the second vertical wall portion 25. It may be formed on at least one of them.
- the first weld metal portion 40 has an interface between the first top wall portion 11 and the second top wall portion 21, or the first vertical wall portion 15 and the second vertical wall portion 25. It may be formed at a plurality of locations along the interface with. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 1, the first weld metal portion 40 may be formed at a plurality of locations along the longitudinal direction of the skeletal member 1 (Y direction in FIG. 1).
- the first weld metal portion 40 may be provided not only in a dot shape, but also in a C shape, a U shape, an elliptical shape, a linear shape having a predetermined length, or a zigzag shape.
- the second weld metal portion 41 can be located at any position on the interface between the flange portion 17 and the plate-shaped member 30, and has a dot shape, a C shape, It may be U-shaped, elliptical, linear with a predetermined length, zigzag, or the like.
- the first weld metal portion 40 and the second weld metal portion 41 can be formed by applying various known joining techniques. As an example of a method of forming the first weld metal part 40 and the second weld metal part 41, spot welding, laser welding, and combination of spot welding and laser welding can be mentioned.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged view showing an example of the first weld metal part 40 according to the present embodiment.
- the first weld metal part 40 has the base material of the first steel plate 10 and the second steel plate 20 at the interface where the first steel plate 10 and the second steel plate 20 are overlapped.
- the base material is a portion formed by melting and solidifying each other. That is, the 1st steel plate 10 and the 2nd steel plate 20 are welded by the 1st weld metal part 40 in the interface mutually overlapped.
- the heat input during welding changes the characteristics and structure of the base material. ..
- the peripheral area is called a heat affected zone (HAZ; Heat Affected Zone).
- HZ Heat Affected Zone
- the member to be welded is a steel plate containing a martensite structure
- tempering softening partially occurs due to a temperature rise due to heat input in the heat affected zone.
- the hardness in the heat affected zone may be lower than that of the base material.
- Such a decrease in hardness in the heat-affected zone serves as a starting point of fracture when the member after welding receives a load, and may significantly affect the strength of the entire member.
- the inventors have found that particularly when the member to be welded is a high-tensile steel plate having different tensile strengths, the difference in strength increases the effect of the hardness difference in the heat-affected zone. That is, in a steel sheet having a relatively high strength, the hardness of the original base material is sufficiently high, and therefore the degree of decrease in hardness of the heat-affected zone tends to increase. On the other hand, in the steel plate with low strength, the degree of decrease in hardness in the heat-affected zone is suppressed to be lower than in the steel plate with high strength. Therefore, when members having different strengths are welded to each other, the hardness decrease in the heat-affected zone on the steel plate side having higher strength becomes relatively significant.
- FIG. 5A is a graph showing an example of changes in hardness of a welded portion and its periphery according to a conventional example.
- the conditions for measuring the hardness of the welded part are as follows.
- the method for preparing the measurement surface is based on JIS Z 2244. After polishing the surface to be measured using # 600 to # 1500 silicon carbide paper, diamond powder with a particle size of 1 ⁇ m to 6 ⁇ m is mirror-finished by using a liquid such as alcohol or a diluting liquid or pure water to make a mirror surface It corrodes and makes a nugget appear.
- the hardness test is carried out by the method described in JIS Z2244. The hardness of the sample whose measurement surface has been prepared is measured using a Vickers hardness tester.
- the load is measured at 1 kgf from the entire region of the first weld metal portion to the base metal side.
- Hardness is measured at a pitch of 0.25 mm.
- the measurement points are schematically shown in the continuous dots 50 in FIG.
- the graph of FIG. 5A is obtained by plotting the hardness at each measurement point according to the distance when the center position of the first weld metal part 40 (corresponding to the nugget) is the origin.
- the hardness of the first weld metal portion 40 is an average value of the hardness of the first steel plate 10 and the hardness of the second steel plate 20, and is, for example, about 500 Hv.
- the hardness of the base material side of the first steel plate 10 is, for example, about 400 Hv.
- the hardness of the second steel plate 20 on the base material side is, for example, about 600 Hv.
- the hardness on the base metal side means the hardness in a region (a position sufficiently distant from the first weld metal portion 40) where there is no characteristic change due to the heat effect from the first weld metal portion 40, which is determined by welding conditions. It is an average value.
- the hardness on the base material side is approximately the same as the hardness of each member before welding.
- the hardness of the first weld metal part refers to the average value of the hardness of the first weld metal part 40 (nugget).
- the hardness of the first steel plate 10 and the second steel plate 20 is partially reduced in the heat-affected zone 61 existing around the first weld metal portion 40. is doing.
- the range of the heat-affected zone 61 is within 4 mm from the end of the first weld metal portion 40.
- the part in which the hardness is partially decreased is a part that shows a peak due to the decrease in hardness in the measurement result of the change in hardness, and refers to a significant decrease in hardness excluding changes such as measurement errors. Specifically, for example, it means a decrease in hardness of 25 Hv or more in absolute value.
- the absolute value of the hardness difference is about 80 Hv at the maximum.
- the absolute value of the hardness difference is about 200 Hv at the maximum.
- the decrease in hardness of the first steel plate 10 and the second steel plate 20 may significantly affect the strength of the entire member.
- the decrease in hardness of the second steel plate 20 may significantly affect the strength of the entire member.
- the present inventors have conceived to suppress the decrease in hardness around the first weld metal portion 40.
- the inventors of the present invention perform a predetermined process described below to reduce the influence of heat input to the first weld metal portion 40, and perform a predetermined process on the peripheral region of the first weld metal portion 40 according to the present embodiment.
- the hardness was controlled.
- FIG. 5B is a graph showing an example of changes in hardness of the first weld metal portion 40 and its periphery according to the present embodiment.
- the conditions for hardness measurement are the same as in the case of FIG. 5A.
- the hardness of the first weld metal portion 40, the hardness of the first steel plate 10 on the base metal side, and the hardness of the second steel plate 20 on the base metal side are the same as those in FIG. 5A. It is about the same.
- the periphery of the first weld metal portion 40 instead of the conventional heat-affected zone 61, there is a peripheral region 62 corresponding to the heat-affected zone 61.
- the range of the peripheral region 62 is set to be a range along the periphery of the first weld metal part 40 and 4 mm outside from the end of the first weld metal part 40.
- the end of the first weld metal part 40 refers to the boundary line of the first weld metal part 40 which can be visually recognized by the corrosion treatment under the hardness measurement condition of the first weld metal part 40 described above. Specifically, when the welding method is spot welding, it is the boundary between the first weld metal portion 40 and the base metal. Further, in the case of laser welding, it is the boundary of the widthwise end portions of the first weld metal portion 40.
- the hardness of the peripheral region 62 of the first steel plate 10 according to the present embodiment is not largely reduced in part relative to the hardness of the base metal of the first steel plate 10.
- the lower limit of the hardness in the peripheral region 62 of the first steel plate 10 according to this embodiment is equal to or higher than the hardness of the base metal of the first steel plate 10.
- the hardness in the peripheral region 62 of the second steel plate 20 according to the present embodiment is not largely reduced in part relative to the hardness of the base material of the second steel plate 20. That is, the hardness of the peripheral region 62 of the second steel plate 20 is about 600 Hv, which is equivalent to the hardness of the base material of the second steel plate 20. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5B, the hardness difference between the lower limit of the hardness in the peripheral region 62 of the second steel plate 20 according to the present embodiment and the base metal of the second steel plate 20 is 100 Hv in absolute value. It is below.
- the lower limit of the hardness of the peripheral area 62 of the second steel plate 20 and the hardness of the base metal of the second steel sheet 20 are grasped.
- the effect of the ratio with the hardness of the material on the occurrence of fracture in the peripheral region 62 was investigated.
- the experimental conditions for the investigation are as follows. From the steel plate having a tensile strength of 1.8 GPa of 1.3 t ⁇ 25 mm ⁇ 25 mm in the center of the first test piece made of a steel plate having a tensile strength of 1.3 t ⁇ 25 mm ⁇ 200 mm and a tensile strength of 1.3 GPa.
- the second test piece was laminated and spot-welded to form a plurality of tensile test pieces. After spot welding, each test piece was subjected to heat treatment while changing the conditions as appropriate to obtain test pieces having different lower limit hardness / base material hardness (%) in the peripheral region 62. A tensile test was performed on these test pieces at a speed of 10 mm / min, and the fracture surface was observed after fracture to evaluate the fracture mode. The results are summarized in Table 1 below.
- the lower limit of hardness (minimum Vickers hardness) in the peripheral region 62 of the second steel plate 20 according to the present embodiment is set to 80% or more of the hardness of the base metal of the second steel plate 20. It was found that the strength of the skeleton member 1 as a whole was improved.
- the lower limit of the hardness of the peripheral region 62 of the second steel plate 20 (minimum Vickers hardness) may be 90% or more of the hardness of the base material of the second steel plate 20. The influence of the ratio between the lower limit of the hardness of the peripheral region 62 and the hardness of the second steel plate 20 on the occurrence of fracture in the peripheral region 62 has been described above.
- Hardness of the first weld metal part In addition to controlling the lower limit of hardness (minimum Vickers hardness) in the peripheral region 62 of the second steel plate 20, it is also important that the Vickers hardness of the first weld metal portion 40 be within a predetermined range. Is. That is, in the first weld metal part 40, the first steel plate 10 and the second steel plate 20 are melted and solidified, so that the hardness of the first weld metal part 40 is the same as the hardness of the first steel plate 10. It can be estimated as an almost average value with the hardness of the second steel plate 20.
- the hardness of the first weld metal portion 40 is almost an average value of the hardness of the first steel plate 10 and the hardness of the second steel plate 20, when the tensile strength of the second steel plate 20 increases, The hardness of the first weld metal portion 40 is also proportionally increased. As a result, the hardness of the first weld metal portion 40 becomes too high, the toughness deteriorates, and the first weld metal portion 40 may be broken when an external force is applied to the skeleton member 1.
- the tensile strength of the second steel plate 20 is set to 2.5 GPa or less, so that deterioration of toughness due to excessively high hardness of the first weld metal portion 40 is avoided.
- the flat plate-shaped first steel plate 10 and the second steel plate 20 were joined at the first weld metal portion 40.
- the diameter (nugget diameter) of the first weld metal portion 40 is 6.3 mm.
- the 1st steel plate 10 and the 2nd steel plate 20 were mutually pulled, and the tensile shear strength (kN) was measured. The results are shown in Table 2 and FIG.
- a tensile shear strength of 20.0 kN was taken as a pass line.
- the tensile shear stress was 20.0 kN or more, which satisfied the passing line.
- the tensile shear stress is 20. It became less than 0 kN.
- the first steel plate 10 made of a steel plate having a relatively low strength and the second steel plate 20 made of a steel plate having a relatively high strength are welded together to improve the strength as the skeleton member 1, Further, since hardness reduction is avoided in the first weld metal portion 40, the reinforcing effect of the steel plate having high strength can be sufficiently exerted. Further, in the present embodiment, instead of the conventional heat-affected zone, the change in hardness is controlled in the region up to 4 mm outside the end of the first weld metal portion 40.
- the strength-reduced area of the heat-affected zone does not occur around the first weld metal portion 40, the member does not break from the strength-reduced area at the time of collision and the first steel sheet 10 and the second steel sheet It is possible to maximize the effect of improving the strength by welding with 20.
- the outer shape portion of the skeleton member 1 is formed of the first steel plate 10 having relatively low strength. As a result, when an impact load is input to the skeleton member 1, the skeleton member 1 is largely deformed without breaking, and thus the impact absorption energy can be increased.
- the tensile strength of the second steel plate 20 by setting the tensile strength of the second steel plate 20 to be 2.5 GPa or less, the hardness of the first weld metal portion 40 is in the range of 400 to 540, and the toughness is improved. Therefore, the bonding strength between the first steel plate 10 and the second steel plate 20 increases, and even when an impact load is input to the skeleton member 1, the bonding state between the first steel plate 10 and the second steel plate 20. Can be maintained. Therefore, the skeleton member 1 can be largely deformed without breaking, and the impact absorption energy can be further increased.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing another example of the skeleton member 1 according to the present embodiment.
- This modified example is different from the above-described embodiment in the shape of the edge of the second vertical wall portion 25 of the second steel plate 20. Note that the other configurations of the present modification are common to the above-described embodiment, and therefore description thereof will be omitted.
- the first steel plate 10 has a substantially hat shape in the XZ plane sectional view in FIG.
- the second steel plate 20 has a rectangular shape in which one side is opened in the XZ plane sectional view.
- the second steel plate 20 is attached to the inner wall surface of the first steel plate 10.
- the edge of the second vertical wall portion 25 of the second steel plate 20 has a corrugated shape in which irregularities are alternately repeated along the longitudinal direction (Y direction) of the skeleton member 1. That is, in the second steel plate 20, the length of the second vertical wall portion 25 in the extending direction (Z direction) changes periodically.
- a first weld metal portion 40 is formed on a convex portion of the second vertical wall portion 25, and the first steel plate 10 and the second steel plate 20 are welded via the first weld metal portion 40. ing.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a method for manufacturing a skeleton member according to the present embodiment.
- first, the first steel plate 10 and the second steel plate 20 are prepared as a blank material (flat plate member).
- first steel plate 10 and the second steel plate 20 are welded to each other via the first weld metal part 40.
- the blank material composed of the first steel plate 10 and the second steel plate 20 integrated via the first weld metal part 40 is heated to an austenite region of about 900 ° C. in a heating furnace.
- the blank material is formed into a predetermined shape by the hot stamping method and is quenched to form the skeleton member 1.
- the hardness of the heat-affected zone of the first weld metal portion 40 is controlled within a predetermined range by the heating / quenching process.
- shot blasting is performed and the scale on the steel plate surface is removed. The shot blasting step is not necessary when the steel sheet is plated with aluminum or zinc.
- a steel sheet having a tensile strength of 1.6 GPa or less after quenching is often not adopted as a steel sheet for hot press materials (steel sheet used in hot stamping method). This is because the method of cold-pressing a cold high-strength steel sheet is economically advantageous in the region where the tensile strength is 1.6 GPa or less. If the tensile strength is 1.5 GPa or less, and further 1.35 GPa or less, the steel sheet for hot press material is not particularly adopted.
- a second steel plate is overlaid on the first steel plate at a position where the rigidity is increased.
- the periphery of the weld metal portion is softened. That is, the HAZ softened portion appears around the weld metal portion. If the HAZ softened portion is present, the skeleton member is easily broken from the HAZ softened portion when a load is applied to the skeleton member of an automobile or the like.
- a steel plate for hot pressing prepared by stacking and welding the first steel plate 10 and the second steel plate 20 in advance is prepared in advance, and hot pressing (hot stamping) is performed. ) Do.
- the HAZ softened portion generated during welding can be eliminated by quenching during hot pressing (hot stamping).
- the tensile strength of the first steel plate 10 is made relatively low, and the second steel plate is made so that the hardness does not become too high even if the first weld metal part 40 is hardened.
- An upper limit was set for the tensile strength of 20.
- the tensile strength of the first steel plate 10 after quenching (after hot stamping) is 1.0 GPa to 1.6 GPa
- the tensile strength of the second steel plate 20 after quenching (after hot stamping) is The combination of 1.8 GPa to 2.6 GPa can prevent the hardness of the first weld metal portion 40 from becoming too high. That is, if a steel plate having a tensile strength of 1.6 GPa or less, which is not normally used for hot stamping, is used for the first weld metal portion 40, the hardness of the first weld metal portion 40 may be too high. Can be avoided.
- the hardness of the first weld metal portion 40 after quenching is preferably 400 to 540 Hv in Vickers hardness.
- the skeleton member 1 of the present disclosure may be formed to have a closed cross section, as described above with reference to FIG.
- the plate member 30 as the third steel plate is welded to the flange portion 17 of the first steel plate 10. Therefore, the second weld metal portion 41 is present at the interface between the flange portion 17 of the first steel plate 10 and the plate member 30.
- the welding of the flange portion 17 of the first steel plate 10 and the plate-shaped member 30 is performed after hot pressing (hot stamping). Therefore, in the flange portion 17 and the plate-shaped member 30 of the first steel plate 10, a heat-affected zone (HAZ; Heat Affected Zone) appears in the vicinity of the second weld metal portion 41.
- HAZ Heat Affected Zone
- the tensile strength of the first steel sheet 10 is a relatively low value of 1.0 GPa to 1.6 GPa, and therefore the strength of the HAZ in the first steel sheet 10 is high. The effect of the decrease can be reduced.
- the plate-shaped member 30 also has an effect of strength reduction due to HAZ. Can be reduced. More preferably, the plate member 30 has a tensile strength of 0.6 to 1.35 GPa, and optimally 0.6 to 1.25 GPa.
- the plate member 30 is also generally called a closing plate. Even if the plate-like member 30 (closing plate) has a low tensile strength, the performance of the skeleton member 1 as a whole (initial load, impact energy absorption performance) does not easily deteriorate.
- the flange portion 17 of the first steel plate 10 and the plate-shaped member 30 are welded. Also becomes good, and the bonding strength between the two is improved.
- the outer shape portion of the skeleton member 1 is formed of the first steel plate 10 having a relatively low strength, and the flange portion 17 of the first steel plate 10 is welded to the plate member 30 to form the skeleton member 1 Is formed as a closed cross section. Since the strength of the first steel plate 10 is set to be relatively low, it is possible to reduce the decrease in hardness in the heat-affected zone during welding of the flange portion 17. As a result, the welding strength between the first steel plate 10 and the plate member 30 can be increased. That is, in the skeleton member 1, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of breakage starting from the welded portion of the first steel plate 10 and the plate-shaped member 30 and improve the strength of the skeleton member 1.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an automobile skeleton 100 as an example to which the skeleton member 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is applied.
- the skeleton member 1 may constitute the automobile skeleton 100 as a cabin skeleton or a shock absorbing skeleton.
- Examples of application of the skeleton member 1 as a cabin skeleton include roof centering force 201, roof rail 203, B pillar 207, side sill 209, tunnel 211, A pillar lower 213, A pillar upper 215, kick clean force 227, floor cross member 229, Examples include the under lean force 231, the front header 233, and the like.
- examples of application of the skeletal member 1 as a shock absorbing skeleton include a rear side member 205, an apron upper member 217, a bumper reinforcement 219, a crash box 221, a front side member 223, and the like.
- FIG. 11A is an external perspective view showing an example in which the skeletal member 1 according to the present embodiment is applied as the B pillar 207a.
- 11B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II ′ in FIG. 11A.
- the B pillar 207a is a columnar member that connects the floor and the roof between the front seat and the rear seat on the side surface of the vehicle.
- the skeleton member 1 according to the present embodiment is used in a portion connecting the floor and the roof.
- the B pillar 207a is formed in a closed cross section by welding the flange portion of the substantially hat-shaped first steel plate 10 in cross section to the mating member 70 as the third steel plate.
- a rectangular second steel plate 20 having one opening in cross section is provided inside the closed cross section of the B pillar 207.
- the second steel plate 20 is welded to the inner wall surface of the first steel plate 10 via the first weld metal portion 40.
- the mating member 70 has, for example, a flange portion at both ends in a cross-sectional view along the plate width direction, and two projecting portions that are adjacent to each flange portion and project to the outside of the closed cross section. Further, in the mating member 70, the flat plate portion connects between the two protruding portions.
- the B pillar 207a is arranged so that the first steel plate 10 side is on the outside of the vehicle body and the mating member 70 side is on the inside of the vehicle body.
- a cover member as a fourth member that covers the first steel plate 10 from the outside may be further provided on the outer side of the vehicle body of the B pillar 207a.
- FIG. 12A is an external perspective view showing another example in which the skeleton member 1 according to the present embodiment is applied as the B pillar 207b.
- 12B is a sectional view taken along the line III-III ′ in FIG. 12A.
- the flange portion of the first steel plate 10 having a substantially hat shape in cross section is welded to the mating member 70 as the third steel plate, so that the B pillar 207b has a closed cross section.
- a rectangular second steel plate 20 having one opening in cross section is provided.
- the second steel plate 20 is welded to the outer wall surface of the first steel plate 10 via the first weld metal portion 40.
- the lower portion of the first steel plate 10 has a structure in which the fourth steel plate 71 having a lower tensile strength than the first steel plate 10 is butt-welded 72 with a laser.
- the collision energy is efficiently absorbed by the deformation of the fourth steel plate 71, which is the lower portion of the B pillar 207b, during a side collision.
- the first steel plate 10 and the fourth steel plate 71 are, for example, press-formed tailored blanks (TWB).
- the first steel plate 10 and the fourth steel plate may be partially overlapped and spot-welded.
- the other configurations are similar to those of the B pillar 207a shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.
- the lower portion of the first steel plate 10 may be welded to the fourth steel plate having a lower tensile strength than the first steel plate 10 as in the case of FIG. 12A.
- FIG. 13A is an external perspective view showing an example in which the skeleton member 1 according to the present embodiment is applied as the roof rail 203.
- 13B is a sectional view taken along the line IV-IV ′ in FIG. 13A.
- the roof rail 203 is a columnar member extending in the vehicle front-rear direction and forming a side portion of the roof in the vehicle width direction.
- the skeleton member 1 according to the present embodiment is applied to the roof rail 203.
- the roof rail 203 is formed in a closed cross section by welding the end portion of the first steel plate 10 having a substantially C-shape in cross section to the mating member 70 as the third steel plate. There is. Inside the closed cross section of the roof rail 203, a rectangular second steel plate 20 having one opening in cross section is provided. The second steel plate 20 is welded to the inner wall surface of the first steel plate 10 via the first weld metal portion 40.
- the roof rail 203 is arranged so that the first steel plate 10 side is the outside of the vehicle body and the mating member 70 side is the inside of the vehicle body.
- the mating member 70 is, for example, bent at a plurality of positions in the plate width direction and has a curved shape that is convex outward in the closed cross section in a cross-sectional view along the plate width direction. Further, the mating member 70 has one end in the width direction bent to form a flange portion.
- a cover member 80 as a fourth member that covers the first steel plate 10 from the outside may be further provided outside the vehicle body.
- FIG. 14A is an external perspective view showing an example in which the skeletal member 1 according to the present embodiment is applied as the side sill 209.
- 14B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VVV in FIG. 14A.
- the side sill 209 is a columnar member that is located below the side surface of the vehicle body and extends in the vehicle front-rear direction.
- the skeletal member 1 according to this embodiment is applied to the side sill 209.
- the side sill 209 is formed in a closed cross section by welding the flange portion of the substantially hat-shaped first steel plate 10 to the mating member 70 as the third steel plate in a cross-sectional view. .. Inside the closed cross section of the side sill 209, a second steel plate 20 formed in an L shape in cross section is provided. The second steel plate 20 is welded to the inner wall surface of the bent portion of the first steel plate 10 via the first weld metal portion 40.
- the side sill 209 is arranged so that the first steel plate 10 side is on the outside of the vehicle body and the mating member 70 side is on the inside of the vehicle body.
- the mating member 70 is formed in a substantially hat shape in a sectional view.
- a cover member 80 as a fourth member that covers the first steel plate 10 from the outside may be further provided outside the vehicle body.
- FIG. 15A is an exploded perspective view showing an example in which the skeleton member 1 according to the present embodiment is applied as the rear side member 205.
- FIG. 15B is a sectional view taken along line VI-VI ′ in FIG. 15A.
- FIG. 15C is a cross-sectional view showing an example in which the skeleton member according to the present embodiment is applied as the floor member 237.
- the floor member 237 is a columnar member that extends in the vehicle body front-rear direction or the vehicle body width direction on the lower surface of the vehicle body and forms a floor.
- the rear side member 205 is a columnar member that forms a floor, particularly at the rear of the vehicle body.
- the skeleton member 1 according to the present embodiment is applied to the rear side member 205 or the floor member 237.
- a rectangular second steel plate 20 having one opening in cross section is provided inside the first steel plate 10 having a substantially hat shape in cross section.
- the second steel plate 20 is welded to the inner wall surface of the first steel plate 10 via the first weld metal portion 40.
- the floor member 237 is formed into a closed cross section by welding the flange portion of the first steel plate 10 to the mating member 70 as the third steel plate.
- a second steel plate 20 (a member connected from the front side member kick part) is provided inside the closed cross section of the floor member 237.
- the second steel plate 20 is welded to the inner wall surface of the first steel plate 10 via the first weld metal portion 40.
- the mating member 70 is formed in a substantially hat shape in a sectional view.
- a plate member 30 (floor panel) is further provided between the first steel plate 10 and the mating member 70.
- a cover member as a fourth member that covers the mating member 70 from the outside may be further provided.
- the skeleton member 1 since the skeleton member 1 is used as a cabin skeleton or a shock absorbing skeleton, the skeleton member 1 has a sufficient withstand load, and therefore deformation during collision can be reduced. Further, the skeleton member 1 is also improved in deformability, so that even when an input such as a side collision is applied to the automobile skeleton 100, the skeleton member 1 is sufficiently deformed to absorb the impact and protect the inside of the skeleton.
- the application example of the skeleton member according to the embodiment of the present disclosure has been described above.
- the skeleton member 1 according to this embodiment was actually created and the characteristics were evaluated from various viewpoints.
- the cross-sectional structure of the skeleton member 1 is shown in FIG. 3, the height of the skeleton member 1 (Z direction in FIG. 3) is 60 mm, the width of the skeleton member 1 (X direction in FIG. 3) is 80 mm, and the length of the skeleton member 1 is The length (Y direction in 3 in the figure) was 800 mm.
- a 1.2 GPa steel plate is used as the first steel plate 10
- a 1.8 GPa steel plate is used as the second steel plate 20
- the first steel plate 10 and the second steel plate 20 are provided under predetermined conditions.
- the blank material spot-welded with was formed into a substantially hat shape by the hot stamping method. Further, the substantially hat-shaped flange portion 17 was welded to the plate member 30 to form the skeleton member 1 having a closed cross section.
- Comparative Example 1 a steel plate of 1.8 GPa was used as a member forming the outer shape of the skeletal member 1 and a reinforcing member.
- each member was formed into a substantially hat shape by the hot stamping method, and then spot-welded to be integrated. Further, the substantially hat-shaped flange portion was welded to the plate-shaped member to form a frame member having a closed cross section.
- Comparative Example 2 a single 1.8 GPa steel plate was formed into a substantially hat shape, and the flange portion was partially tempered to reduce the hardness. Further, a hat-shaped member was welded to the plate-shaped member at the flange portion to form a frame member having a closed cross section. A 780 MPa grade steel plate was used for the plate member.
- Comparative Example 1 As shown in Table 3, in Comparative Example 1, the two members were welded together, so the rigidity as a skeletal member was sufficient, and the evaluation was OK. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, from the viewpoint of the joint strength between the two members, the heat input during spot welding causes a decrease in the hardness of the heat-affected zone around the first weld metal portion 40, and the joint strength is sufficient. No value was obtained and the evaluation was NG. Further, in Comparative Example 1, when the substantially hat-shaped flange portion and the plate-shaped member were welded, the hardness decrease in the heat-affected zone around the first weld metal portion 40 and the strength of the first weld metal portion 40. The decrease was remarkable, and the evaluation was NG.
- the substantially hat-shaped member in Comparative Example 1 is made of a steel plate of 1.8 GPa, the heat-affected zone is significantly softened, and the carbon content in the steel sheet is relatively high, so the first weld metal portion 40 is fragile. It is thought that this is due to a large number of changes.
- the vertical wall portion of the substantially hat-shaped member is a steel plate of 1.8 GPa and has high strength, but since the deformability is small, the vertical wall portion does not deform significantly and cracks occur in the vertical wall portion. , NG evaluation.
- Comparative Example 2 since a single member was molded into a substantially hat shape, the rigidity was insufficient and it was evaluated as NG. In addition, since Comparative Example 2 was a single member, the joint strength between the members could not be evaluated. In Comparative Example 2, when the substantially hat-shaped flange portion and the plate-shaped member were welded, and the flange portion was partially tempered, it is possible to avoid a local decrease in hardness around the weld metal portion. It became an OK evaluation. In Comparative Example 2, the substantially hat-shaped vertical wall portion is a steel plate of 1.8 GPa and has high strength, but since the deformability is small, cracks occur in the vertical wall portion without being significantly deformed, and NG evaluation Became.
- the rigidity of the skeleton member 1 as a whole was sufficient, and the evaluation was OK.
- the hardness change of the peripheral region 62 of the first weld metal portion 40 is set within a predetermined range, so that the hardness does not decrease, The bonding strength was a sufficient value and was evaluated as OK.
- the flange portion 17 was a steel plate of 1.2 GPa, and the periphery of the second weld metal portion 41 in the flange portion 17 was It was possible to reduce the decrease in hardness in the heat-affected zone.
- the first steel sheet 10 has a relatively small carbon content, it was possible to suppress a decrease in the toughness of the second weld metal portion 41 at the flange portion 17. Therefore, the bonding strength with the plate-shaped member 30 did not decrease, and the evaluation was OK.
- the first vertical wall portion 15 was also a steel plate of 1.2 GPa and had a large deformability, so that it was largely deformed against an impact load, and the impact absorption energy was large, so it was evaluated as OK. ..
- the skeletal member 1 according to the present embodiment has high performance from various viewpoints.
- the flange portion 17 is welded to the plate-shaped member 30, but the present disclosure is not limited to such an example.
- the end portion of the first vertical wall portion 15 may be directly welded without using the flange portion 17.
- the mating member is a member having a hat-shaped cross section having a flange portion, and the flange portion 17 of the skeleton member 1 according to the present embodiment is welded to the flange portion of the mating member.
- the plate-shaped member 30 include one or more formed steel plates having a plate thickness of 0.6 mm to 2.6 mm and a tensile strength of 270 MPa to 1600 MPa.
- the steel plate surface of the plate member 30 may be non-plated or may be plated with zinc-based plating, aluminum-based plating, or the like.
- Welding methods include spot welding, laser welding, arc welding, spot welding and laser welding, spot welding and arc welding, spot welding and mechanical joining such as bolts, screws and rivets, and spot welding.
- a joint use of a sealer or an adhesive can be mentioned.
- the second weld metal portion 41 at this time may be provided not only in a dot shape, but also in a C shape, a U shape, an elliptical shape, a linear shape having a predetermined length, or a zigzag shape.
Abstract
Description
上記特許文献1に記載の技術においては、本体部材とレインフォース部材とのHAZにおける強度低下は考慮されておらず、強度向上の観点から改善の余地があるという問題があった。また、骨格部材に求められる衝撃吸収特性についても改善の余地があるという問題があった。
また、上記特許文献2に記載の技術においては、熱間プレス成型により、HAZにおける強度の改善は期待できるが、部材同士の接合強度において、さらなる改善の余地がある。
第一の鋼板と第二の鋼板と、前記第一の鋼板と前記第二の鋼板との界面を接合する第一の溶接金属部とを備え、
前記第一の鋼板の引張強さは1.0GPa以上1.6GPa以下であり、
前記第二の鋼板の引張強さは1.8GPa以上2.5GPa以下であり、
前記第一の鋼板は溝部を備え、
前記第二の鋼板は前記溝部に重ね合わされ、
前記第二の鋼板の前記第一の溶接金属部の周囲4mm以内の領域の最低ビッカース硬度は、前記第二の鋼板の前記領域の外側の硬度の80%以上である、
自動車骨格部材が提供される。
第三の鋼板と、前記第三の鋼板と前記フランジ部との界面を接合する第二の溶接金属部とを備え、
前記第三の鋼板の引張強さは0.45GPa以上、1.6GPa以下であっても良い。
[骨格部材の外観例]
まず、図1を参照して、本開示の第一の実施形態に係る自動車骨格部材1の概略構成について説明する。なお、以下では、「自動車骨格部材」を省略して「骨格部材」と呼ぶことがある。
図1は、本実施形態に係る骨格部材1の一例を示す斜視図である。図1に示すように、骨格部材1は、一例として、図1に示すY方向を長手方向として延在され、短手方向に沿った断面(X-Z平面)視で、Z方向が開口された矩形状となっている部材である。特に、骨格部材1は、短手方向に沿った断面(X-Z平面)視で略ハット形状を有している。骨格部材1は、第一の鋼板10と第二の鋼板20とが、重ね合わされている。第一の鋼板10と第二の鋼板20とは、複数の第一の溶接金属部40を介して溶接されて一体化されている。
なお、フランジ部17が板状部材(図示せず、後述する第三の鋼板としての板状部材30に相当)と溶接されることによって、骨格部材1は、閉断面形状とすることができる。ここで、図1におけるX-Z平面断面とは、第一の屈曲部13の稜線に垂直な面である。第一の屈曲部13の稜線は、第一の天壁部11の外表面を延在させた仮想面と、第一の縦壁部15の外表面を延在させた仮想面との交線を稜線とする。
第二の鋼板20は溝部18において第一の鋼板10に重ね合わされていればよく、次のいずれの場合でも良い。第二の鋼板20が、第一の鋼板10の第一の天壁部11と両側の第一の縦壁部15の内側または外側に配置される場合。第二の鋼板20が、第一の鋼板10の第一の天壁部11と片方のみの第一の縦壁部15の内側または外側に配置される場合。第二の鋼板20が、第一の鋼板10の第一の天壁部11、第一の縦壁部15の何れかの内側または外側に配置される場合。
図2を参照して、第二の鋼板20による骨格部材1の強度向上効果について具体的に説明する。図2は、本実施形態に係る骨格部材1の曲げ強度比と、第二の鋼板20の引張強さとの関係を示すグラフである。図2において、第二の鋼板20の鋼板を、第一の鋼板10に用いられる鋼板の強度クラスの上限である、引張強さが1.6GPaの鋼板とした場合の、骨格部材1の曲げ強度を1として比較対象としている(図2中の白丸)。このとき、第二の鋼板20として、引張強さが1.8GPaの鋼板を用いた場合、骨格部材1の曲げ強度比は、1.15程度の値を示す。すなわち、第二の鋼板20の鋼板を、引張強さが1.8GPa以上とすることで、骨格部材1全体としての強度が向上する。また、第二の鋼板20として、引張強さが2.0GPaの鋼板を用いた場合、骨格部材1の曲げ強度比は、1.23程度の値を示す。さらに、第二の鋼板20として、引張強さが2.5GPaの鋼板を用いた場合、骨格部材1の曲げ強度比は、1.45程度の値を示す。
一方、第二の鋼板20の引張強さが高くなりすぎると、後述するように、第一の溶接金属部40の硬度が高くなりすぎ、第一の鋼板10と第二の鋼板20との接合強度が低下してしまう恐れがある。そのため、第二の鋼板20の引張強さは、2.5GPa以下とする。
なお、骨格部材1を閉断面に形成する場合、第二の溶接金属部41は、フランジ部17と板状部材30との界面の任意の位置とすることができ、点状、C字状、コの字状、楕円状、所定の長さを有する線状、ジグザグ状などとすることができる。
また、第二の鋼板20の周辺領域62における硬度の下限値(最低ビッカース硬度)を制御することに加えて、第一の溶接金属部40のビッカース硬度が所定の範囲内とされることも重要である。すなわち、第一の溶接金属部40では、第一の鋼板10と第二の鋼板20が溶融して凝固するため、第一の溶接金属部40の硬度は、第一の鋼板10の硬度と第二の鋼板20の硬度とのほぼ平均値と推定できる。
上述したように、骨格部材1の全体の強度を向上させるためには、補強部材として用いる第二の鋼板20の引張強さが高ければ高いほど有効である。しかしながら、第一の溶接金属部40の硬度は、第一の鋼板10の硬度と第二の鋼板20の硬度とのほぼ平均値となるため、第二の鋼板20の引張強さが高くなると、比例して第一の溶接金属部40の硬度も高くなる関係にある。その結果、第一の溶接金属部40の硬度が高くなりすぎて靭性が劣化し、骨格部材1に外力が加わった際に、第一の溶接金属部40が破断してしまう心配がある。
図6に示すように、いずれも平板状の第一の鋼板10と第二の鋼板20とを第一の溶接金属部40で接合した。第一の溶接金属部40の直径(ナゲット径)は6.3mmである。そして、第一の鋼板10と第二の鋼板20とを互いに引っ張り、引張せん断強さ(kN)を測定した。結果を表2、図7に示す。
本実施形態によれば、比較的強度の低い鋼板からなる第一の鋼板10と、比較的強度の高い鋼板からなる第二の鋼板20とを溶接し、骨格部材1として強度を向上しつつ、さらに第一の溶接金属部40において硬度低下を回避したので、強度の高い鋼板による補強効果を十分に発揮することができる。さらに、本実施形態において、従来の熱影響部に代わり、第一の溶接金属部40の端部より4mm外側までの領域における硬度の変化を制御した。この結果、第一の溶接金属部40の周辺に熱影響部の強度低下域が生じないため、衝突時に強度低下域を起点に部材が破断することなく、第一の鋼板10と第二の鋼板20との溶接による強度向上効果を最大限に発揮させることができる。
次に、本実施形態に係る骨格部材1の変形例について、図8を用いて説明する。図8は、本実施形態に係る骨格部材1のその他の例を示す斜視図である。本変形例は、上述した実施形態と、第二の鋼板20の第二の縦壁部25の端縁の形状で相違する。なお、本変形例のその他の構成は、上述の実施形態と共通するので説明は省略する。
次に、図9を参照しながら、本実施形態に係る骨格部材1の製造方法の一例について説明する。図9は、本実施形態に係る骨格部材の製造方法の一例を示す図である。図9に示すように、まず、第一の鋼板10と、第二の鋼板20とが、ブランク材(平板部材)として用意される。続いて、第一の鋼板10と第二の鋼板20とが、第一の溶接金属部40を介して、互いに溶接される。第一の溶接金属部40を介して一体化された第一の鋼板10と第二の鋼板20とから成るブランク材は、加熱炉において、約900℃のオーステナイト領域まで加熱される。その後、ブランク材は、ホットスタンプ工法により、所定の形状に成形されるとともに、焼き入れされて、骨格部材1が形成される。この時、加熱・焼き入れ工程により第一の溶接金属部40の熱影響部の硬度が所定の範囲内に制御される。続いて、ショットブラストが施され、鋼板表面のスケールが除去される。なお、鋼板において、アルミ系めっき、亜鉛系めっきなど、めっき処理が施されている場合は、ショットブラスト工程は不要である。
自動車等の骨格部材の剛性を部分的に高めるために、剛性を高める箇所に、第一の鋼板に第二の鋼板を重ね合わせることが行われている。このとき、焼き入れされた(熱間プレスされた)鋼板同士を重ね合わせて溶接すると、溶接金属部の周囲が軟化する。すなわち、溶接金属部の周囲にHAZ軟化部が出現する。HAZ軟化部があると、自動車等の骨格部材に荷重が付与されたとき、HAZ軟化部から骨格部材が壊れやすくなる。これを避けるために、本開示では、あらかじめ第一の鋼板10と第二の鋼板20を重ね合わせて溶接することで作成した熱間プレス用鋼板を予め用意しておき、熱間プレス(ホットスタンプ)する。これにより、溶接したときに生じたHAZ軟化部を、熱間プレス(ホットスタンプ)時の焼入れで消失させることができる。
なお、焼き入れ後(ホットスタンプされた後)の第一の溶接金属部40の硬さがビッカース硬度で400~540Hvであれば望ましい。
本開示の骨格部材1は、先に図3で説明したように、閉断面に形成されていても良い。閉断面とする場合、第三の鋼板としての板状部材30が、第一の鋼板10のフランジ部17に溶接される。このため、第一の鋼板10のフランジ部17と板状部材30との界面に、第二の溶接金属部41が存在する。
しかしながら、先に図5Aにも示したように、第一の鋼板10の引張強さは1.0GPa~1.6GPaと比較的低い値であるため、第一の鋼板10においては、HAZによる強度低下の影響は少なくできる。また同様に、第三の鋼板としての板状部材30の引張強さを0.45~1.6GPaと比較的低い値とすることにより、板状部材30においても、HAZによる強度低下の影響は少なくできる。より好適には板状部材30の引張強さは、0.6~1.35GPaであり、最適には0.6~1.25GPaである。
なお、板状部材30は一般にクロージングプレートとも呼ばれる。板状部材30(クロージングプレート)は引張強さが低くても骨格部材1全体の性能(初期荷重,衝撃エネルギー吸収性能)は下がりにくい。また、第一の鋼板10と板状部材30に、比較的引張強さの低い、炭素含有量の低い鋼板を用いることで、第一の鋼板10のフランジ部17と板状部材30との溶接も良好となり、両者間の接合強度が向上する。
以上、本開示の好適な実施の形態について詳細に説明した。ここから、図10~図15Cを参照して本開示の実施形態に係る骨格部材の適用例について説明する。図10は、本開示実施形態に係る骨格部材1が適用される一例としての自動車骨格100を示す図である。骨格部材1は、キャビン骨格または衝撃吸収骨格として自動車骨格100を構成し得る。キャビン骨格としての骨格部材1の適用例は、ルーフセンタリンフォース201、ルーフレール203、Bピラー207、サイドシル209、トンネル211、Aピラーロア213、Aピラーアッパー215、キックリーンフォース227、フロアクロスメンバ229、アンダーリーンフォース231、フロントヘッダ233等が挙げられる。
その他の構成は、図11Aおよび図11Bに示したBピラー207aと同様であるので、説明は省略する。なお、図11Aに示したBピラー207aについても、第一の鋼板10の下部は図12Aと同様に、第一の鋼板10より引張強さの低い第四の鋼板と溶接されていてもよい。
10 第一の鋼板
11 第一の天壁部
13 第一の屈曲部
15 第一の縦壁部
17 フランジ部
18 溝部
20 第二の鋼板
21 第二の天壁部
23 第二の屈曲部
25 第二の縦壁部
30 板状部材(第三の鋼板)
40 第一の溶接金属部
41 第二の溶接金属部
62 周辺領域(領域)
70 相手部材(第三の鋼板)
Claims (3)
- 第一の鋼板と第二の鋼板と、前記第一の鋼板と前記第二の鋼板との界面を接合する第一の溶接金属部とを備え、
前記第一の鋼板の引張強さは1.0GPa以上1.6GPa以下であり、
前記第二の鋼板の引張強さは1.8GPa以上2.5GPa以下であり、
前記第一の鋼板は溝部を備え、
前記第二の鋼板は前記溝部に重ね合わされ、
前記第二の鋼板の前記第一の溶接金属部の周囲4mm以内の領域の最低ビッカース硬度は、前記第二の鋼板の前記領域の外側の硬度の80%以上である、
自動車骨格部材。 - 前記第一の溶接金属部のビッカース硬度は400以上540以下である請求項1の自動車骨格部材。
- 前記第一の鋼板は前記溝部の外側にフランジ部を備え、
第三の鋼板と、前記第三の鋼板と前記フランジ部との界面を接合する第二の溶接金属部とを備え、
前記第三の鋼板の引張強さは0.45GPa以上、1.6GPa以下である、
請求項1又は2の自動車骨格部材。
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WO2022224898A1 (ja) | 2021-04-22 | 2022-10-27 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 骨格部材 |
KR20230112728A (ko) | 2021-04-22 | 2023-07-27 | 닛폰세이테츠 가부시키가이샤 | 골격 부재 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20210002735A (ko) | 2021-01-08 |
EP3766762A4 (en) | 2021-12-08 |
KR102262703B1 (ko) | 2021-06-10 |
US20210147002A1 (en) | 2021-05-20 |
US11117624B2 (en) | 2021-09-14 |
EP3766762B1 (en) | 2023-07-26 |
CN112930299B (zh) | 2021-11-02 |
CN112930299A (zh) | 2021-06-08 |
EP3766762A1 (en) | 2021-01-20 |
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