WO2020077986A1 - 一种工业废浓酸安全处理装置 - Google Patents

一种工业废浓酸安全处理装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020077986A1
WO2020077986A1 PCT/CN2019/086240 CN2019086240W WO2020077986A1 WO 2020077986 A1 WO2020077986 A1 WO 2020077986A1 CN 2019086240 W CN2019086240 W CN 2019086240W WO 2020077986 A1 WO2020077986 A1 WO 2020077986A1
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Prior art keywords
pipe
liquid
tube
kettle
inlet
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PCT/CN2019/086240
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马忠贺
郝晓亮
贾明
王竹梅
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江苏和顺环保有限公司
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Publication of WO2020077986A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020077986A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
    • C02F2201/007—Modular design

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a waste water treatment device, in particular to an industrial waste concentrated acid safe treatment device, which belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment.
  • Industrial waste water is divided into organic waste water, waste acid, waste alkali and heavy metal waste water according to the types of pollutants it contains.
  • industrial waste concentrated acid has high acidity, complex composition, volatile and toxic acid gas and contains high Heavy metals, etc., are difficult to dispose of, and are one of the industrial wastewaters that cause the most environmental pollution and the greatest harm to humans.
  • the existing waste acid treatment device When the existing waste acid treatment device is used to treat waste concentrated acid such as fuming nitric acid, due to the acidity of fuming nitric acid is too high, a large amount of heat will be released when neutralizing with alkali, affecting the safety and efficiency of the treatment, and the temperature is too high High will also make the toxic gas NO 2 more volatile.
  • the existing waste acid treatment device has the problems of insufficient heat dissipation, toxic gas leakage, treatment safety and low efficiency.
  • the present invention provides an industrial waste concentrated acid safety treatment device to improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the waste concentrated acid during treatment, ensure the safety of the treatment, and solve the existing waste acid treatment device in processing waste concentration The problem of insufficient heat dissipation in the case of acid.
  • An industrial waste concentrated acid safe treatment device includes a raw water tank, a lime milk tank, a neutralization reaction kettle, an alkaline liquid spray tower and a sedimentation tank.
  • the raw water tank is provided with a first pH meter; the lime milk tank A second pH meter is provided; the neutralization reaction kettle includes a kettle body and a stirring device, the upper portion of the kettle body is cylindrical and the lower portion is tapered, the top of the kettle body is provided with a top cover, and the top cover is provided with There is an acid liquid inlet, an alkali liquid inlet and an exhaust port.
  • the acid liquid inlet is connected to the original pool through the acid liquid pipe.
  • the acid liquid pipe is provided with a first flow meter, and the alkali liquid inlet is connected to the lime milk pool through the alkali liquid pipe.
  • a second flow meter is provided on the lye tube, the exhaust port is connected to the air inlet of the lye spray tower through the exhaust tube, an annular tube is installed at the bottom of the top cover, and the top of the annular tube communicates with the acid liquid inlet ,
  • the bottom of the ring tube is provided with micro holes towards the bottom of the kettle body, the bottom of the kettle body is provided with a water outlet, and the water outlet is provided with a drain valve, and the water outlet is connected to the sedimentation tank through the drain pipe; If there is interference with the flow ribs; a jacket is provided outside the kettle, and a condensation tube is provided in the jacket ,
  • the condenser tube spirally rises along the outer wall of the kettle, the bottom end and top end of the condenser tube are connected to the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe respectively;
  • the device of the invention has a simple structure, and the waste concentrated acid can be entered into the reaction kettle in a multi-point mode by providing a ring tube, so that the mixing and reaction between the waste concentrated acid and lime milk are more uniform, the heat dissipation efficiency can be improved, and local overheating and other unsafe conditions can be effectively prevented.
  • Hidden dangers by setting spoiler ribs on the inner wall of the reaction kettle, it can avoid stirring dead angle and improve the stirring effect.
  • the set of reaction kettle is used as a reaction vessel, and a condenser tube is provided in the jacket to remove the excess heat released by the reaction through the condensed water, so that the reaction liquid can be fully dissipated, and the safety of the treatment is further improved.
  • the number of the spoiler ribs is 4-8, and the spoiler ribs are distributed symmetrically around the inner wall of the inner layer of the kettle.
  • a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the reaction liquid is provided in the kettle body, an inlet water regulating valve is provided on the inlet pipe, and the temperature sensor and the inlet valve are connected to the control system.
  • the invention can further improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the reaction liquid and reduce the temperature of the materials in the reaction kettle to control the temperature in the reaction kettle within a safe range by setting a temperature sensor and a water inlet regulating valve connected to the control system.
  • the temperature sensor sends a signal to the control system, and the control system receives the signal to issue a command, and adjusts the water inlet regulating valve to increase the inlet water flow rate of the cooling water, so as to improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the reaction liquid and make the reactor
  • the temperature of the internal material is reduced, thereby controlling the kettle temperature below 60 degrees.
  • the lye spray tower includes a tower body, a liquid inlet pipe communicating with the lye tank is provided at the center of the top of the tower body, the lower end of the liquid inlet pipe extends into the tower body, and the lower end of the liquid inlet pipe is provided
  • the buffer disc is provided with a horizontal spray pipe horizontally connected on the circumferential side of the buffer disc, and a vertical spray pipe is provided on the bottom of the buffer disc for vertical communication, and the horizontal spray pipe and the vertical spray pipe are spaced apart There is a nozzle;
  • the top of the tower body is also provided with an air outlet, the air outlet is connected to the chimney through the air outlet pipe, and the air outlet pipe is provided with a fan;
  • the bottom of the tower body is provided with a liquid outlet, the liquid outlet is passed through the return pipe and lime
  • the milk ponds are connected; there are several layers of horizontal deflectors in the tower body, the horizontal deflectors are located under the vertical spray pipes, and the horizontal deflectors are distributed in a sta
  • the tower body is also provided with a vertically arranged round pipe, the round pipe is located at the bottom of the tower body, the side wall of the round pipe communicates with the exhaust pipe, and the upper end of the round pipe communicates with the cone-shaped cover.
  • the cover is provided with ventilation holes.
  • toxic gases such as NO 2 can be evenly distributed into the tower body, and by providing horizontal spray pipes and vertical spray pipes with nozzles spaced thereon, It can spray lye in multiple directions and at multiple points to increase the contact area between the gas and lye, so that the toxic gas can be fully absorbed; by setting horizontal deflectors staggered at intervals and setting permeable holes in the deflector, it can be increased The contact time between the gas and the lye allows the toxic gas to be fully absorbed.
  • a side inlet pipe is fixedly installed on the lower side of the horizontal deflector, and nozzles are arranged at intervals on the side inlet pipe.
  • the alkali liquid can be selectively introduced at the side inlet pipe according to the flow rate of the inlet gas.
  • the side inlet pipe is activated, and the gas inlet volume is relatively high. Only horizontal spray pipes and vertical spray pipes are used during the hour, which can reasonably utilize the lye while achieving a better treatment effect.
  • a first regulating valve is provided on the acid liquid pipe, and a second regulating valve is provided on the alkaline liquid pipe. According to the present invention, by setting the first regulating valve and the second regulating valve, the flow rates of the waste concentrated acid and lime milk input into the reaction kettle can be adjusted according to the actual situation.
  • the first pH meter, the second pH meter, the first regulating valve, the second regulating valve, the first flow meter, and the second flow meter are all connected to the control system.
  • the control system By monitoring the pH value of the lime milk in the lime milk pond and the waste concentrated acid in the original pond and the flow of the lime milk and the waste concentrated acid added, automatic control of the neutralization reaction can be achieved.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a portion of a neutralization reactor in the present invention that does not include a condenser tube;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the bottom structure of the top cover of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the top cover of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the bottom structure of the horizontal deflector of the present invention.
  • an industrial waste concentrated acid safety treatment device includes a raw water tank 1, a lime milk tank 2, a neutralization reactor 300, an alkaline liquid spray tower 400, and a sedimentation tank 5;
  • a first pH meter (not shown in the figure) is provided in the original pool 1; a second pH meter (not shown in the figure) is provided in the lime milk pond 2;
  • the neutralization reaction kettle 300 includes a kettle body 340 and a stirring device.
  • the upper portion of the kettle body 340 is cylindrical and the lower portion is tapered.
  • the top of the kettle body 340 is provided with a top cover 341, and the top cover 341 is provided with
  • the acid liquid inlet, the lye liquid inlet and the exhaust port, the acid liquid inlet is connected to the original pool 1 through the acid liquid pipe 310, wherein the acid liquid pipe 310 is provided with a first flow meter 311, a first regulating valve 312 and a delivery pump
  • the lye inlet is connected to the lime milk pond 2 through the lye pipe 320, wherein the lye pipe 320 is provided with a second flow meter 321, a second regulating valve 322 and a delivery pump, and the exhaust port is connected to the exhaust pipe 330
  • the air inlet of the alkali spraying tower 400 is connected, and a ring tube 342 is installed at the bottom of the top cover 341, and the top of the
  • the bottom of the ring tube 342 is provided with a micro hole toward the bottom of the kettle body 340 3421, a water outlet is provided at the bottom of the kettle body 340, and a drain valve 3431 is provided at the water outlet, and the water outlet is communicated with the sedimentation tank 5 through the drain pipe 343;
  • the inner wall of the kettle body 340 is provided with a temperature sensor 344 and a number of The spoiler 345, wherein the number of spoiler 345 is preferably 4-8, the spoiler 345 surrounds the kettle body 340
  • the inner wall is symmetrically distributed around the circumference; a jacket 360 is provided outside the kettle body 340, and a condenser tube 361 is provided inside the jacket 360.
  • the condenser tube 361 rises spirally along the outer wall of the kettle body 340, and the bottom and top ends of the condenser tube 361 are
  • the water inlet pipe 370 and the water outlet pipe 380 communicate with each other, wherein the water inlet pipe 370 is provided with a water inlet regulating valve 371;
  • the stirring device includes a motor 351, a stirring shaft 352 and a number of stirring blades 353, the stirring shaft 352 is vertically arranged and is composed of Driven by a motor 351, the stirring blades 353 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the stirring shaft 352;
  • the lye spray tower 400 includes a tower body 410, and a liquid inlet pipe 420 connected to the alkali liquid tank is provided at the center of the top of the tower body 410.
  • the lower end of the liquid inlet pipe 420 extends into the tower body 410 and the liquid inlet pipe
  • a buffer disc 430 is provided at the lower end of the 420, a horizontal spray pipe 431 is horizontally connected on the circumferential side of the buffer disc 430, and a vertical spray pipe 432 is provided on the bottom of the buffer disc 430 for vertical communication.
  • Nozzles 4311 are arranged at intervals on the 431 and the vertical spray pipe 432; the top of the tower body 410 is also provided with an air outlet, the air outlet is connected to the chimney 6 through the air outlet pipe 490, and the air outlet pipe 490 is provided with a fan 491; The bottom of the tower body 410 is provided with an air inlet and a liquid outlet. The air inlet is connected to the exhaust port of the neutralization reactor 300 through the exhaust pipe 330, and the liquid outlet is connected to the lime milk pond 2 through the return pipe 480; The tower body 410 is provided with three layers of horizontal deflectors 440.
  • the horizontal deflectors 440 are located below the vertical spray pipes 432, and the horizontal deflectors 440 are staggered at intervals in the vertical direction. Each is provided with a liquid-permeable hole 441, and each side of the horizontal deflector 440 is fixedly installed with a side liquid inlet pipe 450, horizontal Nozzles 4311 are arranged on the shower pipe 431, the vertical spray pipe 432, and the side water inlet pipe 370 at intervals; the tower body 410 is also provided with a vertically arranged round pipe 470, which is located at the bottom of the tower body 410, round The side wall of the tube 470 communicates with the exhaust pipe 330, and the upper end of the round tube 470 communicates with the tapered cover 460, and a vent hole 461 is provided on the tapered cover 460.
  • the device further includes a control system, a temperature sensor 344, a water inlet valve, a first pH meter, a second pH meter, a first flow meter 311, a first regulating valve 312, a second
  • the flow meter 321 and the second regulating valve 322 are connected, and the control system can automatically calculate the pH value after mixing the waste concentrated acid and lime milk with the pH value measured by the first pH meter and the second pH meter. Add proportion and adjust the injection flow rate of both accordingly.
  • the lime milk in the lime milk pond is added to the reaction kettle through a transfer pump, and then the waste concentrated acid in the original pool is transferred to the ring pipe through the transfer pump, and sprayed into the reaction kettle through the micro holes on the ring pipe.
  • the waste concentrated acid and lime milk will undergo a neutralization reaction.
  • the input amount of milk is used to calculate the dosage of waste concentrated acid.
  • the dosage of the two does not exceed 75% of the volume of the reactor.
  • the toxic gas such as NO 2 generated during the neutralization reaction enters the lye spray tower through the exhaust pipe In the round pipe, the air hole on the conical hood is evenly distributed into the tower body.
  • the lye is transported by the delivery pump to the buffer disk of the lye spray tower, through the horizontal spray pipe, vertical spray pipe and side After the nozzle on the liquid inlet pipe is sprayed, the toxic gas is fully absorbed.
  • the treated exhaust gas is drawn into the chimney by the fan and discharged.
  • the waste alkaline liquid flows into the lime milk pond through the return pipe for secondary use, and the neutralization reaction is completed (0.5 h) After opening the drain valve, reverse Kettle liquid into the sedimentation tank through the drain pipe.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the device of the present invention has a simple structure, can improve the heat dissipation efficiency of waste concentrated acid during treatment, ensure the safety of processing, and solve the problem of insufficient heat dissipation existing in the treatment of waste concentrated acid by the existing waste acid processing device;
  • the annular tube waste concentrated acid can enter the reaction kettle in multiple points, so that the mixing and reaction between the waste concentrated acid and lime milk is more uniform, which can improve the heat dissipation efficiency and effectively prevent unsafe hidden dangers such as local overheating;
  • the provision of spoiler ribs can avoid stirring dead corners and improve the stirring effect.
  • the reaction can be more uniform and efficient.
  • the heat conduction speed can be increased to make the kettle temperature uniform and stable.
  • the present invention can further improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the reaction liquid by setting a temperature sensor and a water inlet regulating valve connected to the control system, and reduce the temperature of the material in the reaction kettle to control the temperature in the reaction kettle within a safe range.
  • toxic gases such as NO 2 can be evenly distributed into the tower body, by setting horizontal spray pipes and vertical spray pipes at intervals
  • the nozzle can spray alkaline liquid in multiple directions and multiple points to increase the contact area of the gas and the alkaline liquid, so that the toxic gas is fully absorbed; by setting horizontal deflectors staggered and spaced, and setting permeable holes in the deflector, It can increase the contact time between the gas and the lye, so that the toxic gas can be fully absorbed.
  • the alkali liquid can be selectively introduced at the side liquid inlet pipe according to the flow rate of the inlet gas.
  • the side water inlet pipe only a horizontal spray pipe and a vertical spray pipe are used when the amount of gas is small, so that the alkaline solution can be used reasonably while achieving a better treatment effect.
  • the waste lye in the spray tower can be reused by providing a return pipe, which can reduce the amount of lime milk used and the amount of sludge generated.
  • the flow rate and the temperature of the materials in the reaction kettle can automatically control the neutralization reaction process, thereby further improving the treatment efficiency of the waste concentrated acid of the device.

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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种工业废浓酸安全处理装置，包括原水池（1）、石灰乳池（2）、中和反应釜（300）、碱液喷淋塔（400）和沉淀池（5），中和反应釜（300）包括釜体（340）和搅拌装置，釜体（340）顶部设有顶盖（341），顶盖（341）底部安装有环形管（342），环形管（342）顶部与酸液管（310）相连通，环形管（342）底部开设有朝向釜体（340）内的微孔（3421）；釜体（340）顶部通过碱液管（320）与石灰乳池（2）相连通，通过排气管（330）与碱液喷淋塔（400）相连；釜体（340）底部通过排水管（343）与沉淀池（5）相连通；釜体（340）内壁上设有扰流筋（345）；釜体（340）外设置有夹套（360），夹套（360）内设有沿釜体（340）外壁螺旋盘升的冷凝管（361）；搅拌装置包括由电机（351）驱动的搅拌轴（352）和若干个沿搅拌轴（352）轴向间隔设置的搅拌叶（353）。

Description

一种工业废浓酸安全处理装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种废水处理装置，具体涉及一种工业废浓酸安全处理装置，属于污水处理技术领域。
背景技术
工业废水按其所含污染物的种类不同，分为有机废水、废酸、废碱和重金属废水等，其中工业废浓酸由于酸性过高、成分复杂、易挥发有毒酸性气体且含有较高的重金属等，处置难度大，是对环境污染最严重和对人类危害最大的工业废水之一。
采用现有废酸处理装置对废浓酸如发烟硝酸进行处理时，由于发烟硝酸的酸性过高，加碱中和时，会大量放热，影响处理的安全性和效率，且温度过高还会使得有毒气体NO 2更易挥发，现有废酸处理装置存在散热不充分、有毒气体易泄露、处理安全性和效率低等问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的问题，本发明提供一种工业废浓酸安全处理装置，以提高废浓酸在处理时的散热效率，保证处理的安全性，解决现有废酸处理装置在处理废浓酸时存在的散热不充分的问题。
为实现以上技术目的，本发明的技术方案是：
一种工业废浓酸安全处理装置，包括原水池、石灰乳池、中和反应釜、碱液喷淋塔和沉淀池，所述原水池中设有第一pH计；所述石灰乳池中设有第二pH计；所述中和反应釜包括釜体和搅拌装置，所述釜体上部为圆柱形，下部为锥形，所述釜体顶部设有顶盖，所述顶盖上设有酸液进口、碱液进口和排气口，酸液进口通过酸液管与原水池相连通，酸液管上设有第一流量计，碱液进口通过碱液管与石灰乳池相连通，碱液管上设有第二流量计，排气口通过排气管与碱液喷淋塔的进气口相连，所述顶盖底部安装有环形管，环形管顶部与酸液进口相连通，环形管底部开设有朝向釜体内底部的微孔，所述釜体底部设有出水口，出水口处设有排水阀，出水口通过排水管与沉淀池相连通；所述釜体内壁上设有若干扰流筋；所述釜体外设置有夹套，所述夹套内设有冷凝管，冷凝管沿着釜体外壁螺旋盘升， 冷凝管底端和顶端分别与进水管和出水管相连通；所述搅拌装置包括电机、搅拌轴和若干个搅拌叶，搅拌轴竖直设置且由电机驱动，搅拌叶沿搅拌杆轴向间隔设置。本发明装置结构简单，通过设置环形管废浓酸可以多点方式进入反应釜，从而使得废浓酸与石灰乳之间的混合及反应更均匀，可提高散热效率，有效防止局部过热等不安全隐患；通过在反应釜内壁设置扰流筋可以避免搅拌死角提高搅拌效果，一方面可使反应更均匀效率更高，另一方面，能提高导热速度，使釜温均匀稳定；通过采用带有夹套的反应釜作为反应容器，并在夹套内设有冷凝管，通过冷凝水来移走反应放出的多余热量，使反应液充分散热，进一步提高了处理的安全性。
作为优选方案，所述扰流筋的数目为4-8根，扰流筋绕着釜体内层内壁一周对称分布。
作为优选方案，所述釜体内设有用于监测反应液温度的温度传感器，所述进水管上设有进水调节阀，温度传感器、进水阀均与控制系统相连。本发明通过设置与控制系统相连的温度传感器和进水调节阀，可以进一步提高反应液的散热效率，降低反应釜内物料的温度以控制反应釜内温度在安全范围内，其中，当反应釜内液体温度高于60度时，温度传感器将信号发送给控制系统，控制系统接受信号发出指令，调节进水调节阀使冷却水的进水流速增大，以提高反应液的散热效率，使反应釜内物料的温度降低，从而控制釜温低于60度。
作为优选方案，所述碱液喷淋塔包括塔体，所述塔体顶部中心处设有与碱液箱相连通的进液管，进液管下端伸入塔体内，进液管下端设有缓冲圆盘，缓冲圆盘的圆周侧面上水平连通设置有水平喷淋管，缓冲圆盘的底部上竖向连通设置有竖向喷淋管，水平喷淋管和竖向喷淋管上均间隔设置有喷嘴；所述塔体顶部还设有出气口，出气口通过出气管与烟囱相连，出气管上设有风机；所述塔体底部设有出液口，出液口通过回流管与石灰乳池相连通；所述塔体体内设有若干层水平导流板，水平导流板位于竖向喷淋管下方，水平导流板在竖向上交错间隔分布，每层水平导流板上均设有透液孔；所述塔体内还设有竖向设置的圆管，圆管位于塔体底部，圆管侧壁与排气管相连通，圆管上端与锥形罩相连通，锥形罩上设有透气孔。本发明通过在碱液喷淋塔中设置锥形罩和透气孔可以使得有毒气体如NO 2均匀分布到塔体内，通过设置水平喷淋管和竖向喷淋管并在其上间隔设置喷 嘴，可以多方位多点喷淋碱液，增大气体与碱液的接触面积，使有毒气体被充分的吸收；通过设置交错间隔分布的水平导流板并在导流板上设置透水孔，可以增加气体与碱液的接触时间，使有毒气体被充分的吸收。
作为进一步优选方案，所述水平导流板的下侧均固定安装有侧面进液管，侧面进水管上间隔设置有喷嘴。本发明通过设置侧面进液管，可以根据通入气体流量有选择性的在侧面进液管处通入碱液，其中，当通入气体量大时，启用侧面进水管，通入气体量较小时只启用水平喷淋管和竖向喷淋管，在达到较好处理效果的同时能够对碱液进行合理利用。
作为优选方案，所述酸液管上设有第一调节阀，碱液管上第二调节阀。本发明通过设置第一调节阀和第二调节阀可以根据实际情况分别对投入到反应釜中的废浓酸和石灰乳的流速进行调节。
作为优选方案，所述第一pH计、第二pH计、第一调节阀、第二调节阀、第一流量计、第二流量计均与控制系统相连。通过监控石灰乳池中石灰乳和原水池中废浓酸的pH值，监控投加的石灰乳和废浓酸的流量，可以实现对中和反应的自动控制。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图；
图2是本发明中的中和反应釜不含冷凝管部分的结构示意图；
图3是本发明中的顶盖的仰视结构示意图；
图4是本发明中的顶盖的俯视结构示意图；
图5是本发明中的水平导流板的仰视结构示意图；
附图标记：
1.原水池 2.石灰乳池 300.中和反应釜 310.酸液管 311.第一流量计 312.第一调节阀 320.碱液管 321.第二流量计 322.第二调节阀 330.排气管 340.釜体 341.顶盖 342.环形管 3421.微孔 343.排水管 3431.排水阀 344.温度传感器 345.扰流筋 351.电机 352.搅拌轴 353.搅拌叶 360.夹套 361.冷凝管 370.进水管 371.进水调节阀 380.出水管 400.碱液喷淋塔 410.塔体 420.进液管 430.缓冲圆盘 431.水平喷淋管 4311.喷嘴 432.竖向喷淋管 440.水平导流板  441.透液孔 450.侧面进液管 460.锥形罩 461.透气孔 470.圆管 480.回流管 490.出气管 491.风机 5.沉淀池 6.烟囱
具体实施方式
结合图1至图5，详细说明本发明的一个具体实施例，但不对本发明的权利要求做任何限定。
如图1至图5所示，一种工业废浓酸安全处理装置，包括原水池1、石灰乳池2、中和反应釜300、碱液喷淋塔400和沉淀池5；
所述原水池1中设有第一pH计(图中未示出)；所述石灰乳池2中设有第二pH计(图中未示出)；
所述中和反应釜300包括釜体340和搅拌装置，所述釜体340上部为圆柱形，下部为锥形，所述釜体340顶部设有顶盖341，所述顶盖341上设有酸液进口、碱液进口和排气口，酸液进口通过酸液管310与原水池1相连通，其中，酸液管310上设有第一流量计311、第一调节阀312和输送泵，碱液进口通过碱液管320与石灰乳池2相连通，其中，碱液管320上设有第二流量计321、第二调节阀322和输送泵，排气口通过排气管330与碱液喷淋塔400的进气口相连，所述顶盖341底部安装有环形管342，环形管342顶部与酸液进口相连通，环形管342底部开设有朝向釜体340内底部的微孔3421，所述釜体340底部设有出水口，出水口处设有排水阀3431，出水口通过排水管343与沉淀池5相连通；所述釜体340内壁上设有温度传感器344和若干根扰流筋345，其中，扰流筋345根数优选为4-8根，扰流筋345绕着釜体340内层内壁一周对称分布；所述釜体340外设置有夹套360，所述夹套360内设有冷凝管361，冷凝管361沿着釜体340外壁螺旋盘升，冷凝管361底端和顶端分别与进水管370和出水管380相连通，其中，进水管370上设有进水调节阀371；所述搅拌装置包括电机351、搅拌轴352和若干个搅拌叶353，搅拌轴352竖直设置且由电机351驱动，搅拌叶353沿搅拌轴352轴向间隔设置；
所述碱液喷淋塔400包括塔体410，所述塔体410顶部中心处设有与碱液箱相连通的进液管420，进液管420下端伸入塔体410内，进液管420下端设有缓冲圆盘430，缓冲圆盘430的圆周侧面上水平连通设置有水平喷淋管431，缓冲圆盘430的底部上竖向连通设置有竖向喷淋管432，水平喷淋管431和竖向喷淋 管432上均间隔设置有喷嘴4311；所述塔体410顶部还设有出气口，出气口通过出气管490与烟囱6相连，出气管490上设有风机491；所述塔体410底部设有进气口和出液口，进气口通过排气管330与中和反应釜300的排气口相连通，出液口通过回流管480与石灰乳池2相连通；所述塔体410体内设有3层水平导流板440，水平导流板440位于竖向喷淋管432下方，水平导流板440在竖向上交错间隔分布，每层水平导流板440上均设有透液孔441，每层水平导流板440的下侧均固定安装有侧面进液管450，水平喷淋管431、竖向喷淋管432以及侧面进水管370上均间隔设置有喷嘴4311；所述塔体410内还设有竖向设置的圆管470，圆管470位于塔体410底部，圆管470侧壁与排气管330相连通，圆管470上端与锥形罩460相连通，锥形罩460上设有透气孔461。
为实现装置的自动控制，所述装置还包括控制系统，控制系统与温度传感器344、进水阀、第一pH计、第二pH计、第一流量计311、第一调节阀312、第二流量计321和第二调节阀322均相连，控制系统可以根据第一pH计和第二pH计测得的pH值自动计算得出废浓酸和石灰乳两者混合反应后pH＝9时的投加比例，并能相应调节两者的进样流量。
工作原理：
将石灰乳池中的石灰乳通过输送泵加入到反应釜中，然后再将原水池中的废浓酸通过输送泵输送至环形管中，经由环形管上的微孔喷洒到反应釜内，在搅拌装置的不断搅拌下废浓酸与石灰乳发生中和反应，其中，根据废浓酸和石灰乳的pH值可以计算得出两者混合反应后pH＝9时的投加比例从而能根据石灰乳的投入量计算出废浓酸的投加量，两者投加用量不超过反应釜容积的75％，中和反应过程中产生的有毒气体如NO 2通过排气管进入碱液喷淋塔的圆管中，经由锥形罩上的透气孔均匀分布到塔体内，碱液由输送泵输送至碱液喷淋塔的缓冲圆盘内，经由水平喷淋管、竖向喷淋管和侧面进液管上的喷嘴喷出后对有毒气体进行充分吸收，经处理后的废气被风机抽入烟囱后排出，废碱液通过回流管流入石灰乳池中二次利用，中和反应完成(0.5h)后，打开排水阀，反应釜中的液体通过排水管排入沉淀池。
综上所述，本发明具有以下优点：
1.本发明装置结构简单，可以提高废浓酸在处理时的散热效率，保证处理的安全性，解决现有废酸处理装置在处理废浓酸时存在的散热不充分的问题；其中，通过设置环形管废浓酸可以多点方式进入反应釜，从而使得废浓酸与石灰乳之间的混合及反应更均匀，可提高散热效率，有效防止局部过热等不安全隐患；通过在反应釜内壁设置扰流筋可以避免搅拌死角提高搅拌效果，一方面可使反应更均匀效率更高，另一方面，能提高导热速度，使釜温均匀稳定；通过采用带有夹套的反应釜作为反应容器，并在夹套内设有冷凝管，通过冷凝水来移走反应放出的多余热量，使反应液充分散热，进一步提高了处理的安全性。
2.本发明通过设置与控制系统相连的温度传感器和进水调节阀，可以进一步提高反应液的散热效率，降低反应釜内物料的温度以控制反应釜内温度在安全范围内。
3.本发明通过在碱液喷淋塔中设置锥形罩和透气孔可以使得有毒气体如NO 2均匀分布到塔体内，通过设置水平喷淋管和竖向喷淋管并在其上间隔设置喷嘴，可以多方位多点喷淋碱液，增大气体与碱液的接触面积，使有毒气体被充分的吸收；通过设置交错间隔分布的水平导流板并在导流板上设置透水孔，可以增加气体与碱液的接触时间，使有毒气体被充分的吸收。
4.本发明通过在碱液喷淋塔中设置侧面进液管，可以根据通入气体流量有选择性的在侧面进液管处通入碱液，其中，当通入气体量大时，启用侧面进水管，通入气体量较小时只启用水平喷淋管和竖向喷淋管，在达到较好处理效果的同时能够对碱液进行合理利用。
5.本发明通过设置回流管能够将喷淋塔中的废碱液二次利用，从而可以减少石灰乳的使用量及污泥产生量。
6.本发明通过设置控制系统，通过监控原水池中废浓酸和石灰乳池中石灰乳的pH值，可以自动计算出两者混合反应后pH＝9时的投加比例，通过监控投加的流量、反应釜内的物料温度，可以对中和反应过程进行自动控制，从而进一步提高装置对废浓酸的处理效率。
可以理解的是，以上关于本发明的具体描述，仅用于说明本发明而并非受限于本发明实施例所描述的技术方案。本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，仍然可以对本发明进行修改或等同替换，以达到相同的技术效果；只要满足使用需要，都在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种工业废浓酸安全处理装置，包括原水池、石灰乳池、中和反应釜、碱液喷淋塔和沉淀池，其特征在于，所述原水池中设有第一pH计；所述石灰乳池中设有第二pH计；所述中和反应釜包括釜体和搅拌装置，所述釜体上部为圆柱形，下部为锥形，所述釜体顶部设有顶盖，所述顶盖上设有酸液进口、碱液进口和排气口，酸液进口通过酸液管与原水池相连通，酸液管上设有第一流量计，碱液进口通过碱液管与石灰乳池相连通，碱液管上设有第二流量计，排气口通过排气管与碱液喷淋塔的进气口相连，所述顶盖底部安装有环形管，环形管顶部与酸液进口相连通，环形管底部开设有朝向釜体内底部的微孔，所述釜体底部设有出水口，出水口处设有排水阀，出水口通过排水管与沉淀池相连通；所述釜体内壁上设有若干扰流筋；所述釜体外设置有夹套，所述夹套内设有冷凝管，冷凝管沿着釜体外壁螺旋盘升，冷凝管底端和顶端分别与进水管和出水管相连通；所述搅拌装置包括电机、搅拌轴和若干个搅拌叶，搅拌轴竖直设置且由电机驱动，搅拌叶沿搅拌杆轴向间隔设置。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种工业废浓酸安全处理装置，其特征在于，所述扰流筋的数目为4-8根，扰流筋绕着釜体内层内壁一周对称分布。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种工业废浓酸安全处理装置，其特征在于，所述釜体内设有用于监测反应液温度的温度传感器，所述进水管上设有进水调节阀，温度传感器、进水阀均与控制系统相连。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种工业废浓酸安全处理装置，其特征在于，所述碱液喷淋塔包括塔体，所述塔体顶部中心处设有与碱液箱相连通的进液管，进液管下端伸入塔体内，进液管下端设有缓冲圆盘，缓冲圆盘的圆周侧面上水平连通设置有水平喷淋管，缓冲圆盘的底部上竖向连通设置有竖向喷淋管，水平喷淋管和竖向喷淋管上均间隔设置有喷嘴；所述塔体顶部还设有出气口，出气口通过出气管与烟囱相连，出气管上设有风机；所述塔体底部设有出液口，出液口通过回流管与石灰乳池相连通；所述塔体体内设有若干层水平导流板，水平导流板位于竖向喷淋管下方，水平导流板在竖向上交错间隔分布，每层水平导流板上均设有透液孔；所述塔体内还设有竖向设置的圆管，圆管位于塔体底部，圆管侧壁与排气管相连通，圆管上端与锥形罩相连通，锥形罩上设有透气孔。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的一种工业废浓酸安全处理装置，其特征在于，所述水平导流板的下侧均固定安装有侧面进液管，侧面进水管上间隔设置有喷嘴。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的一种工业废浓酸安全处理装置，其特征在于，所述酸液管上设有第一调节阀，碱液管上第二调节阀。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的一种工业废浓酸安全处理装置，其特征在于，所述第一pH计、第二pH计、第一调节阀、第二调节阀、第一流量计、第二流量计均与控制系统相连。
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