WO2020073189A1 - 混合型铝电解电容器及其制造方法 - Google Patents

混合型铝电解电容器及其制造方法 Download PDF

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WO2020073189A1
WO2020073189A1 PCT/CN2018/109429 CN2018109429W WO2020073189A1 WO 2020073189 A1 WO2020073189 A1 WO 2020073189A1 CN 2018109429 W CN2018109429 W CN 2018109429W WO 2020073189 A1 WO2020073189 A1 WO 2020073189A1
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Prior art keywords
acid
low
temperature characteristic
capacitor element
aluminum electrolytic
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PCT/CN2018/109429
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
熊军
林薏竹
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丰宾电子（深圳）有限公司
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Priority to CN201880033213.0A priority Critical patent/CN110730994B/zh
Priority to EP18919384.0A priority patent/EP3671781B1/en
Priority to ES18919384T priority patent/ES2966119T3/es
Priority to PCT/CN2018/109429 priority patent/WO2020073189A1/zh
Priority to US16/703,324 priority patent/US11244793B2/en
Publication of WO2020073189A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020073189A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/004—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
    • H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/54—Electrolytes
    • H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
    • H01G11/60—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solvent
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/0029—Processes of manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/0029—Processes of manufacture
    • H01G9/0032—Processes of manufacture formation of the dielectric layer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/004—Details
    • H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
    • H01G9/035—Liquid electrolytes, e.g. impregnating materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/004—Details
    • H01G9/07—Dielectric layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/145—Liquid electrolytic capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/15—Solid electrolytic capacitors
    • H01G9/151—Solid electrolytic capacitors with wound foil electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/78—Cases; Housings; Encapsulations; Mountings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/004—Details
    • H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
    • H01G9/025—Solid electrolytes
    • H01G9/028—Organic semiconducting electrolytes, e.g. TCNQ
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of electrolytic capacitors, in particular to a hybrid aluminum electrolytic capacitor and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are the basic components widely used in electronic products.
  • the electrolyte is the core component of aluminum electrolytic capacitors.
  • the service life, reliability and electrification parameters of the capacitor are closely related to it.
  • the performance of the capacitor directly affects the quality of the capacitor. High and low.
  • the performance requirements for aluminum electrolytic capacitors have also been further improved, especially in harsh environments such as high temperatures and low temperatures, aluminum electrolytic capacitors are required to ensure equivalent series resistance , Good impedance characteristics and high reliability.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a low-temperature characteristic improving liquid, including an acid, an amine, and a first organic solvent; wherein, the boiling point of the amine is above 180 ° C, the boiling point of the first organic solvent is above 180 ° C, and the melting point is -50 Below °C.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a hybrid aluminum electrolytic capacitor, including the following steps:
  • the capacitor element is impregnated with a low-temperature characteristic improving liquid, so that the surface of the positive foil and the inside of the etched hole are covered with a dense dielectric oxide film;
  • the capacitor element is assembled into an aluminum shell.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a hybrid aluminum electrolytic capacitor prepared by the hybrid aluminum electrolytic capacitor method.
  • the low temperature characteristic improving liquid of the invention has the characteristics of low temperature resistance, and at very low temperatures, such as -55 ° C, the capacity attenuation is very small. Moreover, the hybrid aluminum electrolytic capacitor prepared by the low-temperature characteristic improving liquid of the present invention has the repairing ability to the defective part of the anode foil oxide film, suppresses the occurrence of short circuit, and its failure mode is an open circuit.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the hybrid aluminum electrolytic capacitor of the present invention.
  • the low-temperature characteristic improving liquid further includes a second organic solvent having a boiling point of 180 ° C or higher.
  • the low-temperature characteristic improving liquid further includes organic phosphates and / or organic nitric acid compounds.
  • Additives play a role in suppressing gas generation and reducing leakage current. On the premise of ensuring that lithium ion batteries still have excellent power performance, they can improve the cycle performance and storage performance of lithium ion batteries.
  • the content of the additive is below 1 wt%.
  • the content of the additive is 0.2 to 0.5 wt%.
  • the content of the first organic solvent accounts for more than 30 wt% of the total mass of the low-temperature characteristic improving liquid.
  • the respective molar concentrations of the acid and the amine are below 0.3 mol / kg.
  • the equivalent concentration of the acid and the amine is the same, wherein the equivalent concentration of the acid refers to the molar concentration of hydrogen ions in the acid, and the equivalent concentration of the amine refers to the molar concentration of the ionized hydroxide ions in the amine.
  • the first organic solvent is selected from diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, tripropylene glycol dimethyl ether And one or more of ethylene glycol butyl ether acetate.
  • the second organic solvent is selected from diethylene glycol ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene carbonate, 4-ethylanisole, 1-methoxy-4propylbenzene, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, glycerin , Thiobenzoic acid, glyceride, N-methylpyrrolidone and N-ethylpyrrolidone one or more.
  • the acid is selected from monochloroacetic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, kunic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid , Phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, mandelic acid, resorcinol acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, One or more of boric acid, boron fluoride acid, tetrafluoroboric acid, hexafluorophosphoric acid, benzenesulfonic acid and naphthalenesulfonic acid.
  • the amine is one or more selected from the group consisting of nonylamine, decylamine, diethylamine, triethanolamine, o-toluidine, ethylenediamine, orrotropin and tri-n-butylamine.
  • the conductivity of the low-temperature characteristic improving liquid is 0.5 ms / cm or less, and the PH is 5 to 7.
  • wt% means weight%, ie weight percentage.
  • the present invention provides a low temperature characteristic improving liquid, including: an acid, a first organic solvent and an amine, and preferably, a second organic solvent and an additive.
  • the first organic solvent is selected from diethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, tripropylene glycol dimethyl ether and ethylene glycol One or more of alcohol butyl ether acetate.
  • the content of the first organic solvent accounts for more than 30 wt% of the total mass of the low-temperature characteristic improving liquid.
  • the second organic solvent is selected from diethylene glycol ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene carbonate, 4-ethylanisole, 1-methoxy-4propylbenzene, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, glycerol, thio One or more of benzoic acid, glyceride, N-methylpyrrolidone and N-ethylpyrrolidone.
  • the acid is selected from organic acids and / or inorganic acids.
  • the organic acid is selected from monochloroacetic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, kunic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, ortho One or more of phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, mandelic acid and resorcinol acid.
  • the inorganic acid is selected from one or more of phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, alkyl phosphate, boric acid, boron fluoride acid, tetrafluoroboric acid, hexafluoro phosphoric acid, benzenesulfonic acid, and naphthalenesulfonic acid.
  • the boiling point of the amine is 180 ° C. or higher, and it is selected from one or more of nonylamine, decylamine, diethylamine, triethanolamine, o-toluidine, ethylenediamine, orropine, and tri-n-butylamine.
  • the molar concentration of the acid and the amine is preferably 0.3 mol / kg or less, more preferably 0.01 to 0.25 mol / kg, and the equivalent concentration of the acid and the amine is preferably the same.
  • addition amounts are organic phosphates or organic nitric acid compounds, and the content of the additive is preferably 0 to 1 wt%, and more preferably 0.2 to 0.5 wt%.
  • the low-temperature characteristic improving liquid of the present invention has a flash voltage of 400 V or more, a conductivity of 0.5 mS / cm or less and a pH of 5 to 7 at 28 to 32 ° C.
  • the electrolyte obtained by this formula has little capacity decay at a low temperature of -55 ° C.
  • the performance parameters such as the viscosity, conductivity, pH value, and flash voltage of the low-temperature characteristic improving liquid of the present invention can be adjusted by a scheme commonly used in the art.
  • the conductivity and flash voltage can be controlled by adjusting the amount of solute and solvent.
  • the invention also provides a method for preparing a hybrid aluminum electrolytic capacitor, including the following steps:
  • the repair of the capacitor element is to form the dielectric film on the cut surface of the anode foil and the defects of the dielectric film in the process of lead connection and winding, etc., using ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution, ammonium borate solution, ammonium adipate solution, etc.
  • the chemical solution is impregnated, and after repairing, the capacitor is washed with pure water and dried.
  • Impregnation method general impregnation methods such as ultrasonic impregnation or vacuum impregnation can be used. Impregnated vacuum control range: -55 ⁇ -85KPa.
  • the method of impregnating the capacitive element is a commonly used method such as reduced pressure impregnation and pressure impregnation.
  • Step S300 impregnating the capacitive element with the conductive polymer dispersion and drying; ensuring that the extraction rate of the electrostatic capacity of the capacitive element reaches more than 85%;
  • the conductive polymer dispersion can be produced by a known method. For example, adding poly3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) in pure water, adding polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS) solution with water-cooling stirring, adding iron (III) sulfate and persulfate of oxidation auxiliary agent, After oxidative polymerization, impurities are removed by ion exchange resin, additional filtration, etc. Thereafter, a conductive polymer dispersion liquid with small particles and stable can be obtained by a high-pressure dispersion method, an ultrasonic dispersion method, or the like.
  • the average particle diameter of the conductive polymer is preferably in the median The size d50 is below 100 nmn.
  • the solid portion (amount of PEDOT and PSS) of the dispersion is preferably 10 wt% or less, and the range of 1 wt% to 5 wt% is better from the viewpoint of impregnability and productivity of the capacitive element.
  • a high-boiling organic solvent to the self-made dispersion liquid or a commercially available dispersion liquid, and re-disperse by high-pressure emulsification, ultrasonic emulsification, or high-speed shear emulsification.
  • the addition amount of the high-boiling point organic solvent is 20 wt% or less, preferably 10 wt% or less, and more preferably in the range of 1 to 5 wt%.
  • ethylene glycol (boiling point 197 ° C), diethylene glycol (boiling point 245 ° C), propylene glycol (boiling point 188 ° C), ⁇ -butyrolactone (boiling point 204 ° C) are preferably used ), ⁇ -valerolactone (boiling point 207 °C), N-methylpyrrolidone (boiling point 202 °C), sulfolane (boiling point 287 °C), polyethylene glycol (boiling point above 250 °C), polypropylene glycol (boiling point above 280 °C)
  • water-soluble organic solvents can be used without affecting the capacitance characteristics even if the drying is insufficient.
  • a dense conductive polymer film layer is coated on the surface of the capacitor element positive and negative foils and the gap between the remaining electrolytic paper.
  • the conductive polymer film layer has certain conductive properties and high pressure resistance characteristics, which can promote the repair of the defective portion of the anode foil oxide film and suppress the occurrence of short circuits.
  • the capacitance extraction rate of the capacitor element after drying is preferably 85% or more. If the capacity extraction rate is less than 85%, the equivalent series resistance (Z) and impedance characteristics (ESR) are poor when tested at a high frequency of 100KHz. In order to ensure that the capacitance element electrostatic capacity extraction rate is greater than 85%, the impregnation and drying of the conductive polymer dispersion can be repeated.
  • the method of drying is not specifically defined, and a hot air drying furnace that can control the temperature can be used. Drying temperature can be above 130 °C. A temperature of 200 ° C or higher causes oxidative degradation of the conductive polymer, so the drying temperature is preferably 180 ° C or lower. The time for the high boiling point solvent to dry and volatilize is preferably within 2 hours in consideration of productivity.
  • the capacitor element is assembled into an aluminum shell.
  • the present invention also provides a hybrid aluminum electrolytic capacitor, which is prepared by the method for preparing the hybrid aluminum electrolytic capacitor, as shown in FIG. 1, which includes a positive guide pin (4) and a negative guide pin (5) , Positive foil (3), electrolytic paper (1), negative foil (2).
  • the structure of the hybrid aluminum electrolytic capacitor of the present invention such as the capacitor element structure and the rubber cover structure, are well known to those skilled in the art, and the present invention will not describe it in detail.
  • the present invention can use the commonly used capacitors in the art Structure, you can also use a new type of capacitor structure.
  • the hybrid aluminum electrolytic capacitor of the present invention may be all kinds of existing aluminum electrolytic capacitors, for example, it may be a horn aluminum electrolytic capacitor, or a bolt aluminum electrolytic capacitor.
  • the structure and working principle of the horn aluminum electrolytic capacitor, or the bolt aluminum electrolytic capacitor are well known to those skilled in the art, and the present invention will not repeat them here.
  • the hybrid aluminum electrolytic capacitor provided by the present invention has a flashover voltage greater than 400V, less capacity attenuation at ultra-low temperature (such as -55 ° C), and can be widely used in industrial fields such as charging pile modules.
  • the hybrid aluminum electrolytic capacitor of the embodiment was prepared according to the preparation method described.
  • the positive foil, the negative foil and the electrolytic paper are cut according to the design size by a nail winding machine, and then the positive guide pin and the negative guide pin are riveted to the positive foil and the negative foil respectively, and then the positive foil and the negative foil are sandwiched between the electrolytic paper rolls Wind into a circle, and finally wrap around the periphery of the circle with a high temperature resistant insulating tape to fix it to form a capacitor element.
  • the capacitor element in S200 is impregnated with the low-pressure chemical solution of the adipic acid amine system.
  • the capacitor element is converted into a repair and dried in an oven at 125 °C for 60 minutes.
  • the conductive polymer dispersion impregnated in S300 contains 3wt% PEDOT / PSS and 3wt% ethylene glycol; the capacitor element is immersed in a vacuum of -65kPa for 10 minutes and dried in an oven at 150 ° C for 60 minutes; the impregnation and drying are repeated Operation twice. It should be noted that it is necessary to ensure that the electrostatic capacity extraction rate of the capacitive element reaches 85% or more. In order to improve the electrostatic capacity extraction rate, the impregnation and drying of the conductive polymer dispersion can be repeated.
  • the capacitor element is impregnated with a low-temperature characteristic improving liquid under a vacuum of -65kPa for 5 minutes.
  • the low-temperature characteristic improving liquid includes: 50wt% diethylene glycol butyl ether as a first organic solvent, 29wt% sulfolane, 18wt% polyethylene glycol, 0.7wt% phthalic acid as an acid, and amine as 1.5wt% triethanolamine, 0.4wt% monobutyl phosphate and 0.4wt% nitrobenzoic acid as additives.
  • the operation steps of the comparative example and the example are basically the same, and aluminum electrolytic capacitors of the same specifications are prepared.
  • the composition of the solution impregnated in step S400 includes: 30wt% phthalic acid-1,2,3,4-tetramethylimidazole dissolved in a mixture of 35wt% ⁇ -butyrolactone and 35wt% sulfolane Porphyrin.
  • the electrolyte is used as an electrolyte for high-temperature long-life capacitors, with a conductivity of 7 ms / cm (30 ° C test) and a PH of 6.3 (30 ° C test).
  • the aluminum electrolytic capacitors of the examples and the comparative examples were subjected to a low-temperature reliability life test (-55 ° C / -40 ° C / 0 ° C / 25 ° C), and the electrostatic capacitance (CAP) and loss angle (tan ⁇ ) of the comparative examples and the examples
  • CAP electrostatic capacitance
  • TSR loss angle
  • Electrostatic capacity change rate standard ⁇ C / C ⁇ ⁇ 20%
  • the comparative example is impregnated with a high-temperature, long-life electrolyte. Since the viscosity of the electrolyte increases at low temperatures, which leads to a decrease in electrical conductivity, the comparative example has a large attenuation of the electrostatic capacity (CAP) at low temperatures (-55 ° C / -40 ° C). The loss angle (tan ⁇ ) and equivalent series electrical impedance (ESR) change greatly (increasing), resulting in poor low temperature characteristics of the hybrid aluminum electrolytic capacitor.
  • CAP electrostatic capacity
  • ESR equivalent series electrical impedance
  • the embodiment is impregnated with a low-temperature characteristic improvement liquid, since it contains an organic solvent with a high boiling point and a low melting point and an amine with a boiling point of 180 ° C or higher, so the embodiment has an electrostatic capacity (CAP) and a loss angle at a low temperature (-55 ° C / -40 ° C) ( tan ⁇ ), equivalent series resistance (ESR) change rate is small.
  • CAP electrostatic capacity
  • ESR equivalent series resistance
  • This application has industrial applicability.

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Abstract

一种混合型铝电解电容器及其制造方法。该混合型铝电解电容器通过含浸低温特性改善液，低温特性改善液的组成包括：沸点180℃以上、熔点-50℃以下的第一有机溶剂，少量的无机酸或有机酸，沸点180℃以上的胺。该方法制备的混合型铝电解电容器耐低温特性优良，在极低温度时，如-55℃时，其容量衰减很小，能促进阳极箔氧化皮膜缺陷部的修复作用，及抑制短路情况的发生。

Description

      混合型铝电解电容器及其制造方法 技术领域
本发明涉及电解电容技术领域，具体涉及一种混合型铝电解电容器及其制造方法。
 背景技术
铝电解电容器是电子产品中应用广泛的基础元件，电解液是铝电解电容器的核心组分，电容器的使用寿命、可靠性及电气化参数都与之息息相关，其性能的优劣直接影响到电容器品质的高低。随着电子产品质量的不断提高及铝电解电容器应用范围的扩大，对铝电解电容器的性能的要求也进一步提升，特别是对高温以及低温等恶劣环境下，要求铝电解电容器能保证等价串联抵抗，阻抗特性良好，可靠性高。
 技术问题
现有的混合型电容器在低温（如-55℃）环境时，容量衰减较大，阻抗、等价串联电阻值较低。这可能是由于电解液在低温时粘度上升电导度的降低所致。
 技术解决方案
本发明的目的之一是提供一种低温特性改善液，包括酸、胺和第一有机溶剂；其中，胺的沸点为180℃以上，第一有机溶剂的沸点为180℃以上，熔点为-50℃以下。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种混合型铝电解电容器制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S100，制作电容素子；
S200，将电容素子含浸化成液，并根据正箔的耐压对电容素子施加电压，将电容素子的正箔表面因裁切和钉卷造成的氧化皮膜缺陷部进行修复；
S300，将电容素子含浸导电高分子分散液并干燥，以在电容素子的电极箔上形成一定厚度的导电聚合层，通过反复进行导电性高分子分散液的含浸和干燥，使电容素子的静电容量引出率高于85%；
S400，将电容素子含浸低温特性改善液，使正箔的表面和蚀孔内部覆盖了一层致密的电介质氧化膜；
S500，将电容素子组立封装铝壳。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种混合型铝电解电容器，通过混合型铝电解电容器方法制备。
 有益效果
本发明的低温特性改善液具有耐低温的特性，在极低温度时，如-55°C时，其容量衰减很小。且由本发明低温特性改善液制备的混合型铝电解电容器，对阳极箔氧化膜缺陷部有修复能力，抑制短路情况的发生，其失效模式是开路。
 附图说明
图1为本发明的混合型铝电解电容器的结构示意图。
附图标记：1、电解纸；2、负箔；3、正箔；4、正导针；5、负导针。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
 优选的，低温特性改善液还包括沸点为180℃以上的第二有机溶剂。
优选的，低温特性改善液还进一步包括有机磷酸酯类和/或有机硝酸化合物。
添加剂起到抑制气体产生，降低漏电流的作用，在保证锂离子电池仍然具有优异的功率性能的前提下，能够提高锂离电池的循环性能和存储性能。
更优选的是，添加剂的含量在1wt%以下。
更优选的是，添加剂的含量为0.2~0.5wt%。
优选的，第一有机溶剂的含量占低温特性改善液总质量的30wt%以上。
优选的，酸和胺各自的质量摩尔浓度在0.3mol/kg以下。
优选的，酸和胺的当量浓度相同，其中酸的当量浓度指酸中氢离子的摩尔浓度，胺的当量浓度指胺中电离出的氢氧根离子的摩尔浓度。
优选的，第一有机溶剂选自二乙二醇丁醚、二乙二醇二丁醚、二乙二醇甲醚、二乙二醇单甲醚、二乙二醇乙醚、三丙二醇二甲醚和乙二醇丁醚醋酸酯中的一种或多种。
优选的，第二有机溶剂选自二甘醇乙醚、三甘醇单甲醚、碳酸丙烯酯、4-乙基苯甲醚、1-甲氧-4丙基苯、环丁砜、甲基环丁砜、甘油、硫代苯甲酸、甘油酯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和N-乙基吡咯烷酮中的一种或多种。
优选的，酸选自一氯乙酸、草酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、戊二酸、已二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、葵酸、马来酸、富马酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、偏苯三甲酸、均苯四甲酸、安息香酸、水杨酸、扁桃酸、间苯二酚酸、磷酸、亚磷酸、次磷酸、硼酸、硼氟酸、四氟硼酸、六氟磷酸、苯磺酸和萘磺酸中的一种或多种。
优选的，胺选自壬胺、癸胺、二乙胺、三乙醇胺、邻甲基苯胺、乙二胺、鸟洛托品和三正丁胺中的一种或多种。
优选的，在28~32℃时，低温特性改善液的电导率为0.5ms/cm以下，PH为5~7。
 本发明的实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
以下，只要没有特别规定，wt%表示重量%，即重量百分比。
正如背景技术中最后一段所言，为了解决这一问题，本发明提供了一种低温特性改善液，包括：酸、第一有机溶剂和胺，优选的，还包括第二有机溶剂和添加剂。
第一有机溶选自二乙二醇丁醚、二乙二醇二丁醚、二乙二醇甲醚、二乙二醇单甲醚、二乙二醇乙醚、三丙二醇二甲醚和乙二醇丁醚醋酸酯中的一种或多种。
第一有机溶剂的含量占所述低温特性改善液总质量的30wt%以上。
第二有机溶剂选自二甘醇乙醚、三甘醇单甲醚、碳酸丙烯酯、4-乙基苯甲醚、1-甲氧-4丙基苯、环丁砜、甲基环丁砜、甘油、硫代苯甲酸、甘油酯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和N-乙基吡咯烷酮中的一种或多种。
酸选自有机酸和/或无机酸。
有机酸选自一氯乙酸、草酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、戊二酸、已二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、葵酸、马来酸、富马酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、偏苯三甲酸、均苯四甲酸、安息香酸、水杨酸、扁桃酸和间苯二酚酸中的一种或多种。
无机酸选自磷酸、亚磷酸、次磷酸、烷基磷酸酯、硼酸、硼氟酸、四氟硼酸、六氟磷酸、苯磺酸和萘磺酸中的一种或多种。
胺的沸点为180℃以上，选自壬胺、癸胺、二乙胺、三乙醇胺、邻甲基苯胺、乙二胺、鸟洛托品和三正丁胺中的一种或多种。
所述酸和胺的质量摩尔浓度优选为0.3mol/kg以下，更优选的是0.01~0.25mol/kg，且酸和胺的当量浓度优选为相同。
其他添加量为有机磷酸酯类或有机硝酸化合物，添加剂的含量为优选为0~1wt%，更优选为0.2wt%~0.5wt%。
本发明的低温特性改善液的闪火电压为400V以上，在28~32℃时电导率为0.5mS/cm以下，PH为5~7。
发明人发现，电容器的低温特性是否良好，其核心在于电容器中电解液的低温特性是否良好，本发明的发明人依托现有电解液开发技术，开发出的上述低温特性改善液。通过该配方获得的电解液在低温-55°C时容量衰减很小。
可以理解的是，通过本领域常用的方法制备上述低温特性改善液，只需要按上述成分及含量进行配比即可。同样的，可以通过本领域常用的方案调整本发明的低温特性改善液的粘度、电导率、pH值及闪火电压等性能参数。例如，可以通过调整溶质和溶剂的量来控制电导率和闪火电压。
同时，本发明还提供一种混合铝电解电容器的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S100，制作电容素子，通过钉卷机将正箔、负箔和电解纸按设计尺寸裁断，然后将正导针和负导针分别铆接在正箔和负箔上，随后将正箔和负箔夹电解纸卷绕成圆形，最后在所述圆形的外围缠上耐高温绝缘胶带固定以形成电容素子；
S200，将电容素子含浸化成液将电容素子的正箔表面因裁切和钉卷造成的氧化皮膜缺陷部进行修复；
电容素子的修复化成是对阳极箔的切断面的电介质皮膜形成和引线连接、卷绕等工程中发生的电介质皮膜的缺陷部，用磷酸二氢铵溶液、硼酸铵溶液、己二酸铵溶液等化成液进行含浸，修复之后用纯水清洗电容器进行干燥。
含浸方法可以使用超声波含浸或真空含浸等一般的含浸方法。含浸真空度控制范围：-55～-85KPa。
在本发明中，对电容素子的含浸方法是通过减压含浸、加压含浸等通常使用的方法。
步骤S300，将电容素子含浸导电聚合物分散液并干燥；保证电容素子的静电容量引出率达到85%以上；
导电性高分子分散液可以用公知的方法制造。例如，在纯水中加入聚3、4－乙烯二氧噻吩（PEDOT）一边水冷搅拌一边加聚苯乙烯磺酸（PSS）溶液，加氧化辅助剂的硫酸铁（III）和过硫酸盐，进行氧化聚合之后，通过离子交换树脂、额外过滤等去除杂质。此后，可以通过高压分散法、超声波分散法等得到颗粒小、稳定的导电性高分子分散液。导电性高分子的平均颗粒直径优选在median size d50在100nmn以下。另外，分散液的固型部分（PEDOT和PSS量）最好在10wt%以下，从对电容素子含浸性和生产性的观点看从1wt%到5wt%的范围更好。
或者通过自制分散液或市场购买的分散液中添加高沸点有机溶剂，通过高压乳化、超声波乳化或高速剪切乳化法进行再分散。高沸点有机溶剂添加量为20wt%以下，优选的是10wt%以下，更优选的是从1~5wt%的范围。作为在分散液中含有高沸点有机溶剂，优选的是使用乙二醇（沸点197℃）、二乙二醇（沸点245℃）、丙二醇（沸点188℃）、γ-丁内酯（沸点204℃）、γ-戊内酯（沸点207℃）、N-甲基吡咯烷酮（沸点202℃）、环丁砜（沸点287℃）、聚乙二醇（沸点250℃以上）、聚丙二醇（沸点280℃以上）水溶性有机溶剂中的一种或多种，即使干燥不够充分也可以使用不影响电容特性。 
电容素子分散液含浸后，经过高温干燥，在电容素子正负箔的表面及其余电解纸的间隙内覆着一层致密的导电高分子膜层。该导电高分子膜层具有一定的导电特性和耐高压特性，能促进阳极箔氧化皮膜缺陷部的修复，抑制短路的发生。
干燥后的电容素子静电容量引出率（静电容量引出率：低温特性改善液含浸前的静电容量和低温特性改善液含浸后的静电容量值比）优选在85%以上。如果容量引出率低于85%，在高频100KHz测试，等价串联电阻（Z）和阻抗特性（ESR）不良。为了保证电容素子静电容量引出率大于85%，可以反复进行导电性高分子分散液的含浸和干燥。
干燥的方法没有特别的规定，可以使用能控制温度的热风干燥炉等。干燥温度可在130℃以上进行。200℃以上的温度会引起导电性高分子的氧化劣化，因此干燥温度优选在180℃以下进行。高沸点溶剂干燥挥发的时间，考虑到生产性优选在2个小时内。
 S400，将电容素子含浸所述的低温特性改善液；
S500，将电容素子组立封装铝壳。
同时，本发明还提供一种混合型铝电解电容器，通过所述混合型铝电解电容器的制备方法来制备，见图1，包括，其包含有正导针(4)，负导针(5)，正箔(3)，电解纸(1)，负箔(2)。
可以理解的是，本发明混合型铝电解电容器的结构，例如电容素子结构、橡胶胶盖结构，为本领域技术人员所公知，本发明对此不作详细描述，本发明可以采用本领域常用的电容器结构，也可以采用新型的电容器结构。
可以理解的是，本发明的混合型铝电解电容器可以为现有的各类铝电解电容器，例如，可以为牛角铝电解电容器，或螺栓铝电解电容器。牛角铝电解电容器，或螺栓铝电解电容器的结构及工作原理为本领域技术人员所公知，本发明对此不作赘述。
本发明提供的混合型铝电解电容器，其闪火电压大于400V，在超低温(如-55°C)时的容量衰减较少，可以广泛应用在充电桩模块等工业领域。
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明的实施例对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。以下实施例部分可采用常用的测试方法以测试产品的容量衰减。
以下是关于本发明的实施案例说明。
实施例：
按照所述的制备方法制备实施例的混合型铝电解电容器。
S100中通过钉卷机将正箔、负箔和电解纸按设计尺寸裁断，然后将正导针和负导针分别铆接在正箔和负箔上，随后将正箔和负箔夹电解纸卷绕成圆形，最后在圆形的外围缠上耐高温绝缘胶带固定以形成电容素子。
S200中电容素子含浸己二酸胺体系的低压化成液，通过给导针线施加92V电压，电流密度3mA/pcs，将电容素子进行化成修复，在125℃烤箱内干燥60分钟。
S300中含浸的导电聚合物分散液含有3wt%的PEDOT/PSS和3wt%的乙二醇；电容素子在- 65kPa的真空下浸10分钟，在150℃烤箱内干燥60分钟；再重复含浸和干燥的操作两次。需要说明的是要保证电容素子的静电容量引出率达到 85 %以上，为了使静电容量引出率提高可以反复进行导电性高分子分散液的含浸和干燥。
S400中将电容素子在- 65kPa的真空下含浸低温特性改善液5分钟。
实施例低温特性改善液包括：作为第一有机溶剂的50wt%二乙二醇丁醚、29wt%的环丁砜、18wt%的聚乙二醇，作为酸的0.7wt%邻苯二甲酸，作为胺的1.5wt%的三乙醇胺，作为添加剂的0.4wt%的磷酸单丁酯、0.4wt%的硝基苯甲酸。
实施例低温特性改善液的电导度为0.42mS/ cm（30℃测试），PH为6.0（30℃测试）。
S500、将电容素子组立封装成铝壳。
样品老化，老化电压是50V，老化温度是130℃，老化时间是60min。
比较例：
比较例与实施例的操作步骤基本相同，制备成相同规格的铝电解电容器。不同之处在于，步骤S400进行含浸的溶液组成包括：35wt%γ-丁内酯和35wt%环丁砜的混合剂中溶解的30wt%的苯二甲酸-1,2,3,4-四甲基咪唑啉。该电解液被作为高温长寿命电容器的电解液，电导度为7ms/cm（30℃测试），PH为6.3（30℃测试）。
将实施例与比较例的铝电解电容器进行低温特性信赖性寿命试验（-55℃/-40℃/0℃/25℃），比较例与实施例的静电容量（CAP），损失角（tanδ），等价串联电阻抗（ESR）的变化率见表一至表三。
表一：比较例/实施例混合型铝电解电容器静电容量（CAP）变化率对比：
静电容量变化率标准：△C/C≤±20%
Figure 872657dest_path_image001
表二：比较例/实施例混合型铝电解电容器损失角变化率参数对比：
Figure 429541dest_path_image002
表三：比较例/实施例混合型铝电解电容器等价串联电阻抗变化率参数对比：
Figure 663951dest_path_image003
比较例含浸的是高温长寿命电解液，由于该电解液在低温时粘度上升导致电导度的降低，所以比较例在低温（-55℃/-40℃）时静电容量（CAP)衰减较大，损失角（tanδ）、等价串联电阻抗（ESR）的变化较大（上升），造成混合型铝电解电容器低温特性不良。而实施例含浸低温特性改善液，由于含有高沸点低熔点的有机溶剂和沸点180℃以上的胺，所以实施例在低温（-55℃/-40℃）时静电容量（CAP)、损失角（tanδ）、等价串联电阻抗（ESR）的变化率较小。说明本发明的低温特性改善液在极低温度时，即使在-55°C时其容量衰减也很小，且由本发明低温特性改善液制备的混合型铝电解电容器，对阳极箔氧化膜缺陷部有修复能力。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换或改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
工业实用性
本申请具有工业实用性。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种低温特性改善液，其特征在于，包括酸、胺和第一有机溶剂；其中，所述胺的沸点为180℃以上，所述第一有机溶剂的沸点为180℃以上，熔点为－50℃以下。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的低温特性改善液，其特征在于，还包括沸点为180℃以上的第二有机溶剂。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的低温特性改善液，其特征在于，所述第一有机溶剂的含量占所述低温特性改善液总质量的30wt%以上。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的低温特性改善液，其特征在于，所述酸和所述胺各自的质量摩尔浓度在0.3mol/kg以下。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的低温特性改善液，其特征在于，所述酸和所述胺的当量浓度相同。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的低温特性改善液，其特征在于，所述第一有机溶剂选自二乙二醇丁醚、二乙二醇二丁醚、二乙二醇甲醚、二乙二醇单甲醚、二乙二醇乙醚、三丙二醇二甲醚和乙二醇丁醚醋酸酯中的一种或多种，所述第二有机溶剂选自二甘醇乙醚、三甘醇单甲醚、碳酸丙烯酯、4－乙基苯甲醚、1-甲氧-4丙基苯、环丁砜、甲基环丁砜、甘油、硫代苯甲酸、甘油酯、N－甲基吡咯烷酮和N-乙基吡咯烷酮中的一种或多种。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的低温特性改善液，其特征在于，所述酸选自一氯乙酸、草酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、戊二酸、已二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、葵酸、马来酸、富马酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、偏苯三甲酸、均苯四甲酸、安息香酸、水杨酸、扁桃酸、间苯二酚酸、磷酸、亚磷酸、次磷酸、硼酸、硼氟酸、四氟硼酸、六氟磷酸、苯磺酸和萘磺酸中的一种或多种，所述胺选自壬胺、癸胺、二乙胺、三乙醇胺、邻甲基苯胺、乙二胺、鸟洛托品和三正丁胺中的一种或多种。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的低温特性改善液，其特征在于，28~32℃时，所述低温特性改善液的电导率为0.5ms/cm以下，PH为5～7。
  9. 一种混合型铝电解电容器的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S100，制作电容素子；
    S200，将电容素子含浸化成液，并根据正箔的耐压对电容素子施加电压，将电容素子的正箔表面因裁切和钉卷造成的氧化皮膜缺陷部进行修复；
    S300，将电容素子含浸导电高分子分散液并干燥，以在电容素子的电极箔上形成一定厚度的导电聚合层，通过反复进行导电性高分子分散液的含浸和干燥，使电容素子的静电容量引出率高于85%；
    S400，将电容素子含浸权利要求1-8任一项所述的低温特性改善液，使正箔的表面和蚀孔内部覆盖了一层致密的电介质氧化膜；
    S500，将电容素子组立封装铝壳。
  10. 一种混合型铝电解电容器，其特征在于，通过权利要求9所述的方法制备。
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