WO2020063702A1 - Led显示屏 - Google Patents

Led显示屏 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020063702A1
WO2020063702A1 PCT/CN2019/107994 CN2019107994W WO2020063702A1 WO 2020063702 A1 WO2020063702 A1 WO 2020063702A1 CN 2019107994 W CN2019107994 W CN 2019107994W WO 2020063702 A1 WO2020063702 A1 WO 2020063702A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
led
display screen
substrate
led display
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Application number
PCT/CN2019/107994
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡飞
徐梦梦
王霖
李士杰
李屹
Original Assignee
深圳光峰科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳光峰科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 深圳光峰科技股份有限公司
Publication of WO2020063702A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020063702A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F27/00—Combined visual and audible advertising or displaying, e.g. for public address
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G09F9/33—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being semiconductor devices, e.g. diodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an LED display screen, and belongs to the field of display technology.
  • LED display is a kind of dot matrix structure light emitting diode display, which belongs to active light display device.
  • the display part of the screen body is composed of many LEDs, and a group of red, green and blue LEDs corresponds to one pixel, so as to obtain a full-color image display that can achieve pixel-level control.
  • the LED display screen has the advantages of high brightness, high contrast, and wide color gamut, etc., and has a better display effect.
  • the LED display is an integrated electronic device such as a light source, a circuit board, and the like. The sound needs to be placed on both sides of the LED display or other locations in the theater. Compared with the traditional projection display technology, the sound is placed behind the projection screen. The perfect fusion of sound and image cannot be achieved.
  • a sound-transmitting screen is usually used, and the sound is placed behind the screen to achieve the fusion of sound and image.
  • the micro-perforated screens have developed rapidly because they can achieve high gain and high polarization maintaining.
  • Micro-perforated screens are usually punched on the projection screen.
  • High acoustic transmittance can be achieved by controlling the aperture size and perforation rate.
  • punching on the screen will inevitably cause loss of reflected light. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the picture effect and transmission. Acoustic effect, design reasonable hole size and perforation rate.
  • LED display is an active light-emitting display technology that does not require a reflective screen.
  • the substrate of the LED display screen can be perforated.
  • the pixel filling rate of the substrate after perforation is very low, and the viewer will feel a stronger graininess when watching, and the viewing experience is poor.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art, and provide an LED display screen.
  • an optical diffusion film with a second sound transmission hole on the light-emitting side of the LED array, not only the sound waves behind the LED display screen are made. After passing through the first sound transmission hole on the substrate, it can continue to propagate through the second sound transmission hole to achieve the fusion of sound and image, and the optical diffusion film is used to block the first sound transmission hole and avoid image pixels. Reduced fill rate.
  • the optical diffusion film is directly shielded between the human eye and the first sound transmitting hole, so that the human eye can image the passive light-emitting optical diffusion film to the retina, and on the other hand, the light emitted from the LED array is processed. The light spot is diffused and homogenized, and the enlarged first light spot is used to block the first sound transmitting hole, and the double effect can eliminate the bad viewing experience brought by the first sound transmitting hole on the substrate.
  • the invention provides an LED display screen, comprising: an LED array including a plurality of LED light emitting units, the LED light emitting units are disposed on a substrate; an optical diffusion film is disposed on a light emitting side of the LED array; wherein the substrate A first sound transmitting hole is provided thereon, and a second sound transmitting hole is provided on the optical diffusion film.
  • the area of the second sound transmitting hole is smaller than that of the first sound transmitting hole. This technical solution further improves the shielding effect of the optical diffusion film on the first sound transmitting hole.
  • the projection of the second sound transmitting hole on the substrate is misaligned with the LED light emitting unit.
  • the LED display screen further includes a matrix shading frame disposed between the LED array and the optical diffusion film, the matrix shading frame includes a plurality of hollow shading grids, and the hollow shading gratings
  • the grid corresponds one-to-one to the LED light-emitting units, and the projection of the hollow light-shielding grid on the substrate surrounds its corresponding LED light-emitting unit.
  • the projection of the matrix light-shielding frame on the substrate has no overlapping portion with the first sound transmission hole.
  • the first sound transmission holes are at least partially distributed at the projection positions of the matrix light-shielding frame on the substrate.
  • the matrix light-shielding frame is spaced from the substrate. This technical solution on the one hand prevents the matrix shading frame from being affected by the vibration and heat of the substrate, and on the other hand makes the cavity between the optical diffusion film and the substrate integrated, which is conducive to the transmission of sound and can freely connect the first
  • the sound transmission hole is arranged at the projection position of the matrix shading frame on the substrate.
  • the matrix shading frame has a light-absorbing property. This technical solution prevents the light leaked through the space between the matrix light-shielding frame and the substrate from exiting from adjacent pixel units, thereby avoiding light crosstalk.
  • the diameter of the second sound transmitting hole is less than 200 ⁇ m.
  • an opening ratio of the second sound-transmitting hole on the optical diffusion film is 5% -9%.
  • the second sound transmitting hole is a slant hole or a blind hole.
  • a diameter of a smallest circumscribed circle of the first sound transmitting hole is larger than a distance between centers of two adjacent LED light emitting units.
  • the first sound transmitting holes are non-uniformly distributed on the substrate.
  • the distribution of the first sound transmitting holes on the substrate corresponds to the acoustic position on the back of the LED display screen.
  • the present invention provides sound transmission holes in the optical diffusion film and the LED array, which can still achieve the fusion of sound and image without affecting the pixel fill rate of the LED display screen.
  • the matrix shading frame between the optical diffusion films can block the crosstalk light of the adjacent LED light emitting units, further improving the viewing experience of the viewer.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the overall structure of an LED display screen according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a structural sectional view of an LED display screen according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of a substrate in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of the optical diffusion film in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an optical diffusion film of an LED display screen according to a modified embodiment of the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an optical diffusion film of an LED display screen according to another modified embodiment of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a structural sectional view of an LED display screen according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view of a substrate in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 9 is a structural sectional view of an LED display screen according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a plan view of a substrate in the embodiment shown in FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the overall structure of a display screen according to a first embodiment of the LED of the present invention.
  • the LED display screen 10 includes a substrate 100, an LED array 200, a matrix shading frame 300, and an optical diffusion film 400.
  • the LED array 200 includes a plurality of LED light-emitting units disposed on the substrate 100, and the optical diffusion film 400 is disposed on a light emitting side of the LED array 200.
  • a first sound transmission hole is provided on the substrate 100, and a second sound transmission hole is provided on the optical diffusion film 400.
  • the matrix shading frame 300 is disposed between the LED array 200 and the optical diffusion film 400, and includes a plurality of hollow shading grids arranged in a matrix form.
  • the hollow shading grids correspond to the LED light-emitting units one by one, and the hollow shading grids are on the substrate 100.
  • An orthographic projection surrounds its corresponding LED light emitting unit.
  • FIG. 1 a total of 15 ⁇ 10 LED light-emitting units and corresponding 15 ⁇ 10 hollow light-shielding grids are included. It can be understood that the number of LED light emitting units included in the LED array is not limited in the present invention, and different number of LED light emitting units can be designed according to needs (such as display resolution, etc.).
  • the LED display screen in the present invention may also be formed by splicing a plurality of the same small LED display screens, which will not be repeated here.
  • the listed LED display screens each include a matrix light-shielding frame 300.
  • the matrix light-shielding frame 300 can implement a function of preventing light crosstalk between adjacent pixel units.
  • Increasing the matrix shading frame 300 is beneficial to the improvement of the display effect of the LED display screen.
  • the matrix shading frame can also be removed. The display effect in such embodiments will be reduced to different degrees, but the product cost can be reduced, which is suitable for certain application environments.
  • the above is a description of the overall structure of the LED display screen of the present invention.
  • the detailed structure of the LED display screen is described below.
  • the display of the drawings involves several pixel units in some areas.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural cross-sectional view of an LED display screen according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides an LED display screen 10.
  • the LED display screen 10 includes an LED array 200 and an optical diffusion film 400.
  • the optical diffusion film 400 is disposed on the light emitting side of the LED array 200, and the LED array 200 is disposed on the substrate 100.
  • the matrix light-shielding frame 300 is disposed between the LED array and the optical diffusion film 400.
  • the substrate 100 includes a main body 120 and a first sound transmission hole 110
  • the optical diffusion film 400 includes a film matrix 420 and a second sound transmission hole 410
  • the LED array 200 includes a plurality of LED light emitting units 210
  • the matrix light shielding frame 300 includes a plurality of hollows.
  • Light-shielding grid 310 Light-shielding grid 310.
  • a pixel unit 11 is circled by a dotted frame in FIG. 2, and a plurality of the pixel units constitute an LED display screen.
  • the light-emitting unit 210 provided on the substrate 100 emits light, and the light passes through the cavity of the hollow light-shielding grid 310 of the matrix light-shielding frame 300, reaches the optical diffusion film 400, and diffuses after being diffused by the light spot to form.
  • the emitted light from the pixel unit 11 acoustically, the sound on the back side of the substrate 100 emits sound waves, passes through the first sound transmission hole 110 on the substrate 100, reaches the cavity of the hollow light-shielding grid 310, and then reaches the optical diffusion film 400 It reaches the audience side through the second sound transmission hole 410 in the optical diffusion film 400.
  • Each component is described in detail below.
  • the substrate 100 may be a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) circuit board, and a back surface of the substrate 100 further includes a driving circuit and a driving chip (not shown in the figure).
  • the main body 120 is coated with a black light absorbing layer on the side where the LED light emitting unit 210 is provided. When ambient light enters the pixel unit, the light reaching the substrate main body 120 is absorbed.
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of the substrate 100 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, that is, a viewing angle from a viewer side toward the substrate 100. It can be seen that on the substrate surface, the LED display screen is divided into pixel units, such as the pixel unit 11, by the matrix shading frame 300.
  • the matrix light-shielding frame 300 is directly disposed on the substrate 100.
  • the first The aperture and density of a sound transmission hole 110 preferably avoid the side walls of the matrix light shielding frame 300 without affecting the substrate routing, so that the projection of the matrix light shielding frame 300 on the substrate 100 does not coincide with the first sound transmission hole 130. section. For example, as shown in FIG.
  • each hollow shading grid contains 1 LED light emitting unit and 4 first sound transmitting holes.
  • the first sound transmitting holes 110 are uniformly distributed on the substrate 100 according to each pixel unit. It can be understood that, in an actual solution, the first sound transmission hole may also be set according to the position of the sound.
  • the first sound transmission hole near the sound may have a greater number or opening rate, that is, the first sound transmission hole. It may be non-uniformly distributed on the substrate.
  • the LED array 200 includes an LED light emitting unit 210 and is disposed on the substrate 100.
  • the LED light emitting unit 210 represents an image pixel, and is preferably an LED chip including three red, green and blue LEDs packaged together.
  • the brightness and darkness of the LED light emitting unit 210 can be driven by a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) method, and colors can be displayed in a rich gray scale. By adjusting the brightness of each LED light-emitting unit of the entire LED display screen, a high contrast of a displayed image can be achieved.
  • PWM Pulse Width Modulation
  • the LED light emitting unit 210 is disposed at a central position of the pixel unit 11. It can be understood that, in other embodiments, the LED light emitting unit may be disposed at a position (such as an edge position) that is off-center from the pixel unit.
  • the light emitting surface of the LED light emitting unit 210 faces the light emitting direction of the LED display screen, that is, the direction toward the optical diffusion film 400.
  • the light emitting surface of the LED light-emitting unit may also face the side wall of the hollow shading grid of the matrix shading frame (in this embodiment, the side wall of the hollow shading grid needs to be a reflective material), while emitting light on the LED
  • the side of the unit facing the optical diffusion film is coated with a light absorbing material, so as to further absorb the ambient light, so that the ambient light does not directly enter the pixel unit and is reflected by the light emitting surface of the LED light emitting unit and then emitted, thereby improving the contrast of the LED display screen.
  • the matrix light-shielding frame 300 is disposed between the substrate 100 and the optical diffusion film 400, and its main function is to prevent light crosstalk from adjacent pixel units.
  • the matrix light-shielding frame 300 is disposed in abutment with the substrate 100 and the optical diffusion film 400, respectively, and may be a light-reflective matrix light-shielding frame or a light-absorbing matrix light-shielding frame. Regardless of the light reflection type or the light absorption type, it can be implemented in the following two ways: 1 directly adopt the light reflection / light absorption material as the main material for preparing the matrix shade frame; 2 after preparing the matrix of the matrix shade frame, apply coating Coatings that increase light reflection / absorption.
  • the side wall of the matrix light-shielding frame 300 is coated with a high reflectance coating having a Gaussian scattering angle of 15 °, so that the light emitted by each LED light-emitting unit is limited to the hollow light-shielding grid.
  • the Gaussian scattering angle of the reflecting layer can be obtained by collimating light incident perpendicular to the reflecting surface and measuring the angular distribution of the reflected light.
  • the light cone angle of the light cone whose light intensity is not less than 50% of the central light intensity is the scattering angle of the reflecting layer .
  • Gaussian scattering means that the reflected light of the reflective coating appears as a Gaussian distribution.
  • the matrix shading frame 300 can be prepared by 3D printing, drafting, injection molding, or the like.
  • the thickness of the side wall of the hollow light-shielding grid 310 of the matrix light-shielding frame 300 gradually decreases in a direction away from the substrate 100.
  • This technical solution makes the light filling rate at the light exit port of the matrix light-shielding frame 300 higher, which is beneficial to the improvement of the pixel filling rate.
  • this structure facilitates easy drafting during injection molding.
  • the optical diffusion film 400 is disposed on the light-exiting side of the LED array 200 and is used to transmit and diffuse the light emitted by the LED array 200.
  • the optical diffusion film 400 may be a surface scattering film or a volume scattering film.
  • the optical diffusion film 400 may be an isotropic optical diffusion film. When an isotropic optical diffusion film is used, the diffusion angle of the optical diffusion film in all directions is the same.
  • the optical diffusion film 400 may be an anisotropic optical diffusion film.
  • the diffusion angle of the optical diffusion film in the horizontal direction is greater than the diffusion angle in the vertical direction, so that the field of view in the horizontal direction is increased.
  • the anisotropic optical diffusion film can also make the diffusion angle in the vertical direction larger than the diffusion angle in the horizontal direction, or the diffusion angle in any direction larger than the diffusion angle in the other directions.
  • the light emitted by the LED array 200 is irradiated on the optical diffusion film 400.
  • the individual light spot pixels formed on the optical diffusion film 400 correspond to the LED light emitting unit 210 in the LED array 200 one by one. It is assumed that the ratio of the defined light emitting area to the total area is Pixel fill ratio.
  • the light emitted by the LED light emitting unit 210 is irradiated on the optical diffusion film 400 to form a light spot larger than the area of the light emitting surface of the LED light emitting unit 210, so that the pixel lattice on the optical diffusion film 400 has more pixels than the 200 pixel lattice of the LED array. High pixel fill rate.
  • the viewer when the optical diffusion film 400 is not provided, the viewer views the screen composed of the LED array 200, and a plurality of LED light emitting units 210 are imaged on the retina; and after the optical diffusion film 400 is provided, the viewer views the LED array 200
  • the screen of the optical diffusion film 400 it is the entire optical diffusion film 400 that is imaged to the retina, and its pixel filling rate is significantly increased.
  • the propagation angle of the light after passing through the optical diffusion film 400 is enlarged, so that the LED display screen having the optical diffusion film 400 has a larger viewing angle.
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of the optical diffusion film in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2.
  • the optical diffusion film 400 is provided with a second sound transmission hole 410 for sound transmission, and the second sound transmission hole 410 is obtained by opening a hole in the film substrate 420.
  • the area of the second sound transmission hole 410 is smaller than that of the first sound transmission hole 110.
  • the optical diffusion film 400 directly displays the screen.
  • the diameter of the second sound transmitting hole 210 is less than 200 ⁇ m.
  • the aperture ratio (the ratio of the total area of all the sound-transmitting holes to the total area of the optical diffusion film) of the second sound-transmitting hole 410 is 5% -9%.
  • the second sound transmission hole 410 is a straight hole in the optical diffusion film 400, that is, the axis direction of the hole is perpendicular to the optical diffusion film 400.
  • the second sound transmitting hole may be another type of hole.
  • the second sound transmission hole 410 avoids the 0 ° light emitting direction of the LED light emitting unit, so that the projection of the second sound transmission hole on the substrate and the LED light emitting unit are misaligned.
  • This technical solution prevents the strongest light of the LED light emitting unit from being directly emitted without the diffusion effect of the optical diffusion film.
  • the arrangement of the second sound-transmitting hole may not consider the position of the LED light-emitting unit, especially when the aperture of the second sound-transmitting hole is small, the direct light emitted by the LED light-emitting unit brings The glare effect is weak.
  • FIG. 5 it is a cross-sectional view of an optical diffusion film of an LED display screen according to a modified embodiment of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the second sound-transmitting hole 410 'on the optical diffusion film is an oblique hole, that is, the axis direction of the hole is inclined with respect to the optical diffusion film, instead of being disposed vertically.
  • This technical solution enables the light to be diffused as much as possible when passing through the optical diffusion film, and reduces the amount of light directly passing through the second sound transmitting hole 410 '.
  • FIG. 6 it is a cross-sectional view of an optical diffusion film of an LED display screen according to another modified embodiment of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the second sound transmission hole 410 "on the optical diffusion film is a blind hole, that is, the hole is not a through hole as in the above embodiment.
  • the front has been diffused to ensure the uniformity of the emitted light and make the image softer.
  • This technical solution improves the optical performance at the expense of some acoustic performance.
  • the blind hole can be oriented toward the audience side or the LED array. When the blind hole is facing the LED array, the surface of the LED display screen can be smooth and flat, and has a better appearance experience.
  • the blind hole can reduce the thickness of the optical diffusion film in some areas (and the blind hole area). Improve the sound transmission effect to a certain extent.
  • FIG. 7 is a structural cross-sectional view of the LED display screen according to the second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a top view of the substrate in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7.
  • the LED display screen 10 in this embodiment does not include the matrix shading frame 300. This technical solution avoids the influence of the matrix light-shielding frame on the sound wave propagation, and forms a whole sound cavity between the optical diffusion film 400 and the substrate 100.
  • the first sound transmitting hole 110 in this embodiment may have a larger size, and there is no need to consider the contact between the matrix light-shielding frame and the substrate in the first embodiment.
  • the disadvantage of corresponding to the first embodiment is that there is no light-shielding crosstalk function of the matrix shading frame, which will affect the image display quality, but it has a cost advantage for outdoor advertising displays that do not require high display quality.
  • FIG. 9 is a structural cross-sectional view of an LED display screen according to a third embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a top view of a substrate in the embodiment shown in FIG. 9.
  • the LED display screen 10 includes a substrate 100, an LED array 200, a matrix shading frame 300, and an optical diffusion film 400.
  • the substrate 100 includes a main body 120 and a first sound transmission hole 110 provided on the main body 120.
  • the LED array 200 includes a plurality of LED light emitting units 210.
  • the optical diffusion film 400 includes a film substrate 420 and a second substrate 420 disposed on the film substrate 420. Sound transparent hole 410.
  • the difference from the embodiments shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 is that, in this embodiment, the matrix light-shielding frame 300 and the substrate 100 are spaced apart, that is, a gap is provided between the matrix light-shielding frame 300 and the substrate 100.
  • This technical solution makes it possible to dispose the first sound transmitting hole 110 without considering the bearing problem of the matrix shading frame 300, so that the first sound transmitting hole 110 can be made larger and more favorable for sound transmission.
  • the diameter of the smallest circumscribed circle of the first sound transmission hole is larger than the distance between the centers of two adjacent LED light emitting units, so that the maximum length of the first sound transmission hole can exceed the size of the pixel unit, and achieve cross-pixel Settings.
  • the first sound transmission holes are at least partially distributed at the projection positions of the matrix light-shielding frame 300 on the substrate 100.
  • This embodiment does not limit the shape and installation position of the first sound transmitting hole, and the shape of the first sound transmitting hole may be oval, rectangular, or the like.
  • the diameter of the smallest circumscribed circle is the long axis of the ellipse; when the first sound transmitting hole is rectangular, the diameter of the smallest circumscribed circle is the diagonal of the rectangle.
  • the matrix light-shielding frame 300 is suspended relative to the substrate 100, the large-angle light emitted by the LED light emitting unit 210 can leak to adjacent pixel units through the gap between the matrix light-shielding frame 300 and the substrate 100.
  • the height of the matrix shading frame can be limited. Specifically, the height l of the matrix shading frame 300 satisfies the following formula:
  • h is the vertical distance from the optical diffusion film to the surface of the LED light emitting unit
  • p is the distance between the centers of adjacent LED light emitting units
  • d is the thickness of the side wall of the matrix shading frame 300
  • e is the length of the LED light emitting unit .
  • This height limitation can prevent large-angle-side leakage light from directly exiting through the optical diffusion film 400 of the adjacent pixel unit.
  • the side wall of the matrix light-shielding frame 300 is preferably light absorbing.
  • the large-angle light of the LED light emitting units 210 enters the adjacent In the pixel area, the large-angle light is first incident on the side wall of the matrix light-shielding frame 300 and absorbed by it, thereby eliminating the light cross-talk of adjacent pixels by the large-angle light.
  • the first sound transmission holes may also be distributed at least partially at the projection position of the matrix light-shielding frame on the substrate. In fact, as long as the projection of the matrix light-shielding frame on the substrate does not fully fall into the area of the first sound-transmitting hole, the substrate can achieve the bearing effect on the matrix light-shielding frame.
  • the present invention provides an LED display screen.
  • the fusion of sound and image can be achieved without affecting the pixel fill rate of the LED display screen.
  • the matrix shading frame between the LED array and the optical diffusion film can block the crosstalk light of the adjacent LED light emitting units, further improving the viewing experience of the viewer.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Led Device Packages (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
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Abstract

一种LED显示屏（10），包括：LED阵列（200），包括多个LED发光单元（210），LED发光单元（210）设置在基板（100）上；光学扩散膜（400），设置在LED阵列（200）的出光侧；其中，基板（100）上设有第一透声孔（110），光学扩散膜（400）上设有第二透声孔（410、410'、410"）。通过在LED阵列（200）的出光侧设置设有第二透声孔（410）的光学扩散膜（400），不但使得LED显示屏（10）后方的声波能够在穿过基板（100）上的第一透声孔（110）后，继续通过第二透声孔（410）传播，实现声音与图像的融合，而且利用光学扩散膜（400）实现了对第一透声孔（110）的遮挡，避免了图像像素填充率的降低。

Description

LED显示屏 技术领域
本发明涉及一种LED显示屏，属于显示技术领域。
背景技术
LED显示屏是一种点阵结构的发光二极管显示器，属于主动发光的显示器件。其屏体的显示部分由许多LED组成，一组红绿蓝LED对应一个像素，从而得到可实现像素级控制的全彩图像显示。
2017年三星推出了首款应用于影院的LED显示屏，使得LED显示屏在大屏显示领域的应用受到极大关注。LED显示屏相对于传统的投影技术具有高亮度、高对比度、广色域等优点，具有更好的显示效果。但LED显示屏是光源、电路板等器件的集成电子设备，需要将音响放置在LED显示屏的两侧或者影院的其他位置，与传统的投影显示技术中将音响置于投影屏幕后方相比，无法实现声音与图像的完美融合。
影院传统的投影技术中通常使用透声幕，将音响置于屏幕后方，以实现声音和图像的融合。目前的透声幕主要有微孔幕和编织幕，其中微孔幕因可实现高增益、高保偏性，而发展迅速。微孔幕通常是在投影幕布上打孔，通过控制孔径大小和穿孔率可实现较高的声学透过率，但是在屏幕上打孔必然会引起反射光损失，因而需要综合考虑画面效果和透声效果，设计合理的孔径大小和穿孔率。
与传统的投影技术不同，LED显示屏是主动发光显示技术，不需要反射幕布。为了实现声音和图像的融合，与微孔幕类似的，可以在LED显示屏的基板上穿孔。然而，穿孔后基板的像素填充率很低，观看者观看时会感到较强的颗粒感，观影体验差。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于针对现有技术的不足，提供一种LED显示屏，通过在LED阵列的出光侧设置设有第二透声孔的光学扩散膜，不但使得LED显示屏后方的声波能够在穿过基板上的第一透声孔后，继续通过第二透声孔传播，实现声音与图像的融合，而且利用光学扩散膜实现了对第一透声孔的遮挡，避免了图像像素填充率的降低。此处，光学扩散膜一方面通过设置在人眼与第一透声孔之间直接进行遮挡，使人眼将被动发光的光学扩散膜成像到视网膜，另一方面通过对LED阵列发出的光进行光斑扩散和匀化，利用扩大后的光斑对第一透声孔进行遮挡，双重作用下消除基板上的第一透声孔带来的不良观影体验。
本发明所要解决的技术问题具体是通过如下技术方案实现的：
本发明提供一种LED显示屏，包括：LED阵列，包括多个LED发光单元，所述LED发光单元设置在基板上；光学扩散膜，设置在所述LED阵列的出光侧；其中，所述基板上设有第一透声孔，所述光学扩散膜上设有第二透声孔。
在一个实施方式中，所述第二透声孔小于所述第一透声孔的面积。该技术方案进一步提高了光学扩散膜对第一透声孔的遮挡作用。
在一个实施方式中，所述第二透声孔在所述基板上的投影与所述LED发光单元错位排布。该技术方案避免了LED发光单元发出的0°光未经光学扩散膜的扩散作用直接出射，减弱了LED显示屏的刺眼亮点。
在一个实施方式中，所述LED显示屏还包括设置在所述LED阵列与所述光学扩散膜之间的矩阵遮光架，所述矩阵遮光架包括多个镂空遮光栅格，所述镂空遮光栅格与所述LED发光单元一一对应，且所述镂空遮光栅格在所述基板上的投影包围其对应的LED发光单元。该技术方案避免了相邻像素单元之间的光串扰，有利于提高图像显示的准确度和提高对比度。
在一个实施方式中，所述矩阵遮光架在所述基板上的投影与所述第一透声孔无重合部分。
在一个实施方式中，所述第一透声孔至少部分分布在所述矩阵遮 光架在所述基板上的投影位置。
在一个实施方式中，所述矩阵遮光架与所述基板间隔设置。该技术方案一方面避免了矩阵遮光架受到基板的震动影响和热量影响，另一方面使得光学扩散膜与基板之间的空腔连为一体，有利于声音的传播，而且可以自由地将第一透声孔设置在矩阵遮光架在基板上的投影位置。
在一个进一步的实施方式中，矩阵遮光架具有吸光属性。该技术方案使得经矩阵遮光架与基板之间的间隔侧漏的光不会从相邻像素单元中出射，避免了光串扰。
在一个实施方式中，所述第二透声孔的直径小于200μm。
在一个实施方式中，所述第二透声孔在所述光学扩散膜上的开孔率为5％-9％。
在一个实施方式中，所述第二透声孔为斜孔或者盲孔。该技术方案能够防止LED发光单元发出的光未经扩散而直接出射，同时在一定程度上满足声音传播的需求。
在一个实施方式中，所述第一透声孔的最小外接圆的直径大于相邻两个LED发光单元中心之间的间距。该技术方案尽可能大的增加了第一透声孔的透声效果。第一透声孔可以为长方孔、椭圆孔等形状。
在一个实施方式中，所述第一透声孔在所述基板上非均匀分布。
在进一步的一个实施方式中，所述第一透声孔在所述基板上的分布与LED显示屏背面的音响位置相对应。
综上所述，本发明通过在光学扩散膜和LED阵列上分别设置透声孔，在不影响LED显示屏像素填充率的情况下，仍能够实现声音与图像的融合；设置在所述LED阵列以及光学扩散膜之间的矩阵遮光架则能遮挡相邻LED发光单元的串扰光线，进一步地提高观看者的观看体验。
下面结合附图和具体实施例，对本发明的技术方案进行详细地说明。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例一LED显示屏的整体结构爆炸图；
图2为本发明实施例一LED显示屏的结构剖视图；
图3为图2所示实施例中的基板的俯视图；
图4为图2所示实施例中的光学扩散膜的俯视图；
图5为本发明实施例一的变形实施例的LED显示屏的光学扩散膜的剖视图；
图6为本发明实施例一的另一变形实施例的LED显示屏的光学扩散膜的剖视图；
图7为本发明实施例二的LED显示屏的结构剖视图；
图8为图7所示实施例中的基板的俯视图；
图9为本发明实施例三的LED显示屏的结构剖视图；
图10为图9所示实施例中的基板的俯视图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明中LED显示屏的结构作进一步地介绍。显而易见地，以下描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员而言，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图所示实施例得到其它的实施例及其附图。
请参见图1，为本发明LED实施例一显示屏的整体结构爆炸图。LED显示屏10包括基板100、LED阵列200、矩阵遮光架300和光学扩散膜400。其中，LED阵列200包括设置在基板100上的多个LED发光单元，光学扩散膜400设置在LED阵列200的出光侧。在基板100上设置有第一透声孔，在光学扩散膜400上设置有第二透声孔。矩阵遮光架300设置在LED阵列200与光学扩散膜400之间，包括排列呈矩阵形式的多个镂空遮光栅格，镂空遮光栅格与LED发光单元一一对应，且镂空遮光栅格在基板100上的正投影包围其对应的LED发光单元。
图1中，共包括15×10个LED发光单元及对应的15×10个镂空遮光栅格。可以理解，在本发明中并不对LED阵列包含的LED发光单元的数量进行限制，可以根据需要(如显示分辨率等)设计不同的LED发光单元数量需求。本发明中的LED显示屏还可以由多个相同的小LED显示屏拼接而成，此处不再赘述。
在本发明的图1实施例及下述各实施例中，列举的LED显示屏都包 含矩阵遮光架300，这是由于矩阵遮光架300能够实现各相邻像素单元之间的防光串扰功能，增加矩阵遮光架300有利于LED显示屏显示效果的提升。但是，在本发明的另外一些实施方式中，也可以将矩阵遮光架去除，该类实施方式中的显示效果会有不同程度的降低，但可以减少产品成本，适用于某些应用环境。
以上为本发明LED显示屏的整体结构描述，下面对LED显示屏的具体细节结构进行描述，附图的展示涉及部分区域若干像素单元。
图2为本发明实施例一LED显示屏的结构剖视图。如图2所示，本发明提供一种LED显示屏10，LED显示屏10包含LED阵列200以及光学扩散膜400，光学扩散膜400设置在LED阵列200的出光侧，LED阵列200设置在基板100上，矩阵遮光架300设置在LED阵列与光学扩散膜400之间。其中，基板100包括主体120和第一透声孔110，光学扩散膜400包括膜基质420和第二透声孔410，LED阵列200包括多个LED发光单元210，矩阵遮光架300包括多个镂空遮光栅格310。
为便于说明，图2中用虚线框圈出了一个像素单元11，复数个该像素单元构成了LED显示屏。对于像素单元11，光学上，设置在基板100上的发光单元210发出光，该光通过矩阵遮光架300的镂空遮光栅格310的空腔，到达光学扩散膜400，经光斑扩散后出射，形成该像素单元11的出射光；声学上，位于基板100背侧的音响发出声波，穿过基板100上的第一透声孔110，到达镂空遮光栅格310的空腔，而后到达光学扩散膜400，经光学扩散膜400上的第二透声孔410到达观众侧。下面对各个组成器件进行详细描述。
<基板>
基板100可以为PCB(Printed Circuit Board，印制电路板)电路板，基板100的背面还包括驱动电路、驱动芯片(图中未示出)。为了减少对环境光的反射，主体120在设置LED发光单元210的一侧涂覆黑色吸光层，当环境光入射进入像素单元时，到达基板主体120的光会被吸收。
请参见图3，为图2所示实施例中的基板100的俯视图，即从观众侧朝向基板100观看的视角。可以看到，在基板表面，LED显示屏 被矩阵遮光架300分割成为一个个像素单元，如像素单元11。
在本实施例中，矩阵遮光架300直接设置在基板100上，为了优化LED显示屏的透声效果，防止矩阵遮光架300在垂直于基板100的方向上阻挡声音的传播，基板100上的第一透声孔110的孔径和密度优选在不影响基板走线的前提下，避开矩阵遮光架300的侧壁，使矩阵遮光架300在基板100上的投影与第一透声孔130无重合部分。例如图3所示，在本实施例中，在被镂空遮光栅格围成的像素单元11中，四个第一透声孔110环绕LED发光单元210设置，且四个第一透声孔都被围设在像素单元11中。换句话说，每个镂空遮光栅格内均包含1个LED发光单元和4个第一透声孔。
在本实施例中，第一透声孔110在基板100上根据每个像素单元均匀分布。可以理解，在实际方案中，第一透声孔也可以根据音响的位置设置，在靠近音响的位置处的第一透声孔可以具有更多的数量或开孔率，即第一透声孔在基板上可以是非均匀分布的。
<LED阵列>
LED阵列200包括LED发光单元210，设置在基板100上。LED发光单元210代表一个图像像素，优选为包含红绿蓝三色LED封装在一起的LED芯片。LED发光单元210亮暗可以通过PWM(脉冲宽度调制)方式驱动，可以在丰富的灰阶下显示彩色。通过对整个LED显示屏的各LED发光单元的亮度调制，能够实现显示图像的高对比度。
在本实施例中，LED发光单元210设置在像素单元11的中央位置，可以理解，在其他实施方式中，LED发光单元也可以设置在像素单元的偏离中央的位置(如边缘位置)。
在本实施例中，LED发光单元210的发光面朝向LED显示屏的出光方向，即朝向光学扩散膜400的方向。在其他实施方式中，LED发光单元的发光面也可以朝向矩阵遮光架的镂空遮光栅格的侧壁(该类实施方式中，镂空遮光栅格的侧壁需为反射材料)，同时在LED发光单元朝向光学扩散膜的一侧涂覆吸光材料，从而进一步实现对环境光的吸收，使得环境光不会直接进入像素单元而被LED发光单元的发光面反射后出射，从而提高LED显示屏的对比度。
<矩阵遮光架>
矩阵遮光架300设置在基板100与光学扩散膜400之间，主要功能为防止相邻像素单元的光串扰。
本实施例中，矩阵遮光架300分别与基板100和光学扩散膜400抵接设置，既可以为光反射型矩阵遮光架，也可以为光吸收型矩阵遮光架。无论光反射型还是光吸收型，都可以采用如下两种方式实现：①直接采用光反射/光吸收材料作为制备矩阵遮光架的主体材料；②在制备得到矩阵遮光架的骨架后，通过涂覆、镀膜等方式增加光反射/吸收的涂层。
具体地，在一个优选的实施方式中，矩阵遮光架300的侧壁涂覆高斯散射角度为15°的高反射率涂层，从而使得每个LED发光单元发出的光线被限制在镂空遮光栅格内传播。此处，反射层的高斯散射角度可以通过准直光垂直于反射面入射，测量反射光的角分布得到，光强不小于中心光强50％的光锥的光锥角为反射层的散射角度。高斯散射代表该反射涂层的反射光呈现为高斯分布。
矩阵遮光架300可以通过3D打印、拔模注塑等方式制备得到。在本实施例中，矩阵遮光架300的镂空遮光栅格310的侧壁厚度呈现出沿远离基板100的方向逐渐减小的特征。该技术方案使得在矩阵遮光架300的出光口的光填充率更高，有利于像素填充率的提高。而且，该结构有利于注塑成型时的拔模容易实现。
<光学扩散膜>
光学扩散膜400设置在LED阵列200的出光侧，用于透射并扩散LED阵列200发出的光线。光学扩散膜400可以为表面散射膜或体散射膜。光学扩散膜400可以选择各向同性的光学扩散膜。在采用各向同性的光学扩散膜时，该光学扩散膜在各个方向的扩散角度都是相同的。光学扩散膜400也可以选择各向异性的光学扩散膜。该光学扩散膜在水平方向的扩散角度大于在垂直方向的扩散角度，从而使得水平方向的视场得到增加。当然，各向异性的光学扩散膜也可以使垂直方向的扩散角度大于水平方向的扩散角度，或任一方向的扩散角度大于其他方向的扩散角度。
LED阵列200发出的光线照射在光学扩散膜400上，光学扩散膜400上形成的一个个光斑像素点与LED阵列200中的LED发光单元210一一对应，假设定义发光面积与总面积的比值为像素填充率，LED发光单元210发出的光线照射在光学扩散膜400上形成大于LED发光单元210发光面面积的光斑，从而使光学扩散膜400上的像素点阵拥有比LED阵列200像素点阵更高的像素填充率。换句话说，当不设置光学扩散膜400时，观看者观看LED阵列200组成的屏幕，成像到视网膜的是多个LED发光单元210；而设置光学扩散膜400之后，观看者观看包含LED阵列200和光学扩散膜400的屏幕，成像到视网膜的是整个光学扩散膜400，其像素填充率明显增大。另外，光线经过光学扩散膜400之后传播角度扩大，使得拥有光学扩散膜400的LED显示屏有更大的可视角。
如图4所示，为图2所示实施例中的光学扩散膜的俯视图。为了实现声音和图像的融合，光学扩散膜400上设有用于透声的第二透声孔410，该第二透声孔410通过在膜基质420上开孔得到。为了保证光学扩散膜400对LED阵列200的遮挡作用，提高LED显示屏的像素填充率，第二透声孔410小于第一透声孔110的面积。光学扩散膜400直接显示画面，如果光学扩散膜400上的第二透声孔410的孔径过大，则光学扩散膜400对LED阵列200的遮挡作用减弱，需要控制第二透声孔410的大小，优选地，第二透声孔210的直径小于200μm。
为了兼顾LED显示屏的光学性能和声学性能，第二透声孔410的开孔率(所有透声孔的面积总和与光学扩散膜总面积的比值)为5％-9％。
在本实施例中，第二透声孔410为光学扩散膜400上的直孔，即孔的轴线方向垂直于光学扩散膜400。在本发明的其他实施例中，第二透声孔也可以为其他形式的孔。
如图2所示，在本实施例中，第二透声孔410避开LED发光单元的0°光出射方向，使得第二透声孔在基板上的投影与LED发光单元错位排布。该技术方案避免了LED发光单元最强的光直接未经光学扩散膜的扩散作用出射。可以理解，在一些实施方式中，第二透声孔的 排布也可以不考虑LED发光单元的位置，尤其是当第二透声孔的孔径较小时，LED发光单元的直接出射光带来的刺眼效果很弱。
如图5所示，为本发明实施例一的变形实施例的LED显示屏的光学扩散膜的剖视图。在该实施例中，光学扩散膜上的第二透声孔410’为斜孔，即孔的轴线方向相对于光学扩散膜倾斜，而非垂直设置。该技术方案能够使得光线通过光学扩散膜时，能够尽可能多的被扩散，减少直接通过第二透声孔410’的光线的数量。
如图6所示，为本发明实施例一的另一变形实施例的LED显示屏的光学扩散膜的剖视图。在该实施例中，光学扩散膜上的第二透声孔410”为盲孔，即该孔并非如上述实施例中的通孔。该实施方式中，确保了所有光线在从LED显示屏发出前都经过扩散，确保了出射光的分布均匀性，使得图像更加柔和。该技术方案以牺牲部分声学性能为代价，提高了光学性能。盲孔的朝向可以朝向观众侧，也可以朝向LED阵列，当盲孔朝向LED阵列时，可以保证LED显示屏表面光滑平整，具有更好的外观体验。另一方面，盲孔通过将部分区域(及盲孔区域)的光学扩散膜减薄，能够在一定程度上提高透声效果。
请参见图7和图8，图7为本发明实施例二的LED显示屏的结构剖视图，图8为图7所示实施例中的基板的俯视图。与图2和图3所示的实施例不同的是，本实施例中的LED显示屏10不包含矩阵遮光架300。该技术方案避免了矩阵遮光架对声波传播的影响，在光学扩散膜400与基板100之间形成了一整块音腔。
相对于实施例一，本实施例中的第一透声孔110可以具有更大的尺寸，无需考虑实施例一中的矩阵遮光架与基板的接触问题。其相对应实施例一的劣势在于没有矩阵遮光架的防光串扰功能，对于图像显示质量会有影响，但是对于显示质量要求不高的户外广告显示更具成本优势。
实施例二中的LED阵列200、LED发光单元210、光学扩散膜400及其第二透声孔420等结构的描述可以参考实施例一中的描述，此处不再赘述。
请参见图9和图10，图9为本发明实施例三的LED显示屏的结构 剖视图，图10为图9所示实施例中的基板的俯视图。本实施例中，LED显示屏10包括基板100、LED阵列200、矩阵遮光架300和光学扩散膜400。其中，基板100包括主体120和设置在主体120上的第一透声孔110，LED阵列200包括多个LED发光单元210，光学扩散膜400包括膜基质420和设置在膜基质420上的第二透声孔410。
与图2和图3所示的实施例不同之处在于，本实施例中，矩阵遮光架300与基板100间隔设置，即矩阵遮光架300与基板100之间设置一间隙。该技术方案使得第一透声孔110的设置可以不必考虑矩阵遮光架300的承载问题，使得第一透声孔110可以做的更大，更有利于声音的透过。
在本实施例中，第一透声孔的最小外接圆的直径大于相邻两个LED发光单元中心之间的间距，使得第一透声孔的最大长度可以超出像素单元的尺寸，实现跨像素设置。该实施方式中，第一透声孔至少部分分布在矩阵遮光架300在基板100上的投影位置。
本实施例并不限制第一透声孔的形状和设置位置，第一透声孔的形状可以为椭圆形、长方形等。当第一透声孔为椭圆形时，其最小外接圆的直径为椭圆形的长轴；当第一透声孔为长方形时，最小外接圆的直径为长方形的对角线。
在本实施例中，由于矩阵遮光架300相对于基板100悬空，使得LED发光单元210的大角度出射光可以经矩阵遮光架300与基板100之间的间隙泄漏到相邻像素单元。为避免这部分侧泄漏的光从相邻像素单元出射，可以限定矩阵遮光架的高度。具体地，使矩阵遮光架300的高度l满足以下公式：
Figure PCTCN2019107994-appb-000001
其中，h为光学扩散膜到LED发光单元的表面的垂直距离，p为相邻LED发光单元的中心之间的距离，d为矩阵遮光架300的侧壁的厚度，e为LED发光单元的长度。
该高度限制能够避免大角度侧泄漏光直接通过相邻像素单元的光学扩散膜400出射。
需要说明的是，在本实施例中，为了防止相邻LED发光单元210 的光线串扰，矩阵遮光架300的侧壁优选地具有吸光性，当LED发光单元210的大角度光线进入到相邻的像素区域时，大角度光线首先入射到矩阵遮光架300的侧壁上，被其吸收，从而消除大角度光线对相邻像素的光串扰。
本实施例的其他光学结构的描述可以参考上述各实施方式中的描述，此处不再赘述。
在实施例一的一个变形实施例中，也可以使得第一透声孔至少部分分布在矩阵遮光架在基板上的投影位置。事实上，只要矩阵遮光架在基板上的投影未完全落入第一透声孔的范围区域，基板都可以实现对矩阵遮光架的承载作用。
综上，本发明提供一种LED显示屏，通过在光学扩散膜和LED阵列上分别设置透声孔，在不影响LED显示屏像素填充率的情况下，仍能够实现声音与图像的融合；设置在LED阵列以及光学扩散膜之间的矩阵遮光架则能遮挡相邻LED发光单元的串扰光线，进一步地提高观看者的观看体验。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种LED显示屏，其特征在于，包括：
    LED阵列，包括多个LED发光单元，所述LED发光单元设置在基板上；
    光学扩散膜，设置在所述LED阵列的出光侧；
    其中，所述基板上设有第一透声孔，所述光学扩散膜上设有第二透声孔。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述第二透声孔小于所述第一透声孔的面积。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述第二透声孔在所述基板上的投影与所述LED发光单元错位排布。
  4. 如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述LED显示屏还包括设置在所述LED阵列与所述光学扩散膜之间的矩阵遮光架，所述矩阵遮光架包括多个镂空遮光栅格，所述镂空遮光栅格与所述LED发光单元一一对应，且所述镂空遮光栅格在所述基板上的投影包围其对应的LED发光单元。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述矩阵遮光架在所述基板上的投影与所述第一透声孔无重合部分。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述第一透声孔至少部分分布在所述矩阵遮光架在所述基板上的投影位置。
  7. 如权利要求4所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述矩阵遮光架与所述基板间隔设置。
  8. 如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述第二透声孔的直径小于200μm。
  9. 如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述第二透声孔在所述光学扩散膜上的开孔率为5％-9％。
  10. 如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述第二透声孔为斜孔或者盲孔。
  11. 如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述第一透声孔的最小外接圆的直径大于相邻两个LED发光单元中心 之间的间距。
  12. 如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述第一透声孔在所述基板上非均匀分布。
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