WO2020063700A1 - Led显示屏 - Google Patents

Led显示屏 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020063700A1
WO2020063700A1 PCT/CN2019/107988 CN2019107988W WO2020063700A1 WO 2020063700 A1 WO2020063700 A1 WO 2020063700A1 CN 2019107988 W CN2019107988 W CN 2019107988W WO 2020063700 A1 WO2020063700 A1 WO 2020063700A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
led
display screen
emitting unit
diffusion film
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2019/107988
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王霖
李士杰
胡飞
孙微
李屹
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shenzhen Appotronics Corp Ltd
Original Assignee
Appotronics Corp Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Appotronics Corp Ltd filed Critical Appotronics Corp Ltd
Priority to US17/280,782 priority Critical patent/US12142713B2/en
Publication of WO2020063700A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020063700A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
    • H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H10H20/80—Constructional details
    • H10H20/85—Packages
    • H10H20/855—Optical field-shaping means, e.g. lenses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
    • H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H10H20/80—Constructional details
    • H10H20/85—Packages
    • H10H20/855—Optical field-shaping means, e.g. lenses
    • H10H20/856—Reflecting means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/003—Light absorbing elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
    • G02B5/021—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
    • G02B5/021—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures
    • G02B5/0226—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures having particles on the surface
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
    • G02B5/0236—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element
    • G02B5/0242—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element by means of dispersed particles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
    • G02B5/0284—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use used in reflection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G09F9/33—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being semiconductor devices, e.g. diodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W90/00—Package configurations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
    • G02B5/0236—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
    • G02B5/0278—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use used in transmission

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of display technology, in particular to an LED display screen.
  • Traditional film projection equipment uses a combination of a projector and a screen.
  • the projector remotely projects image light onto the screen to enlarge the image.
  • the screen reflects the image light to the audience side, thereby realizing a large screen display.
  • the traditional projection projection equipment using this method Due to the design defect of the lens in the projector and the reflective characteristics of the screen, the traditional projection projection equipment using this method has the disadvantages of poor picture uniformity, low brightness, poor picture contrast and high energy consumption.
  • the screen is a passive light-emitting device, which not only reflects the image light emitted by the projector, but also reflects environmental stray light from the auditorium, emergency indicators, etc. On the one hand, it requires a good reflectivity for the projected image light, On the other hand, it is necessary to avoid excessive reflection of ambient stray light, so it is difficult to balance projection brightness and contrast at the same time.
  • the inventors of the present application found in further research that when the projected picture contains a darker image area, the area fails to show enough "black", and theoretically high contrast has not actually been achieved. The reason is that the pixels of the LED display screen reflect the ambient stray light, so that the pixels that were originally off emit light.
  • the inventors have proposed the following solution: reduce the reflectance of the non-light emitting area outside the LED light emitting unit.
  • the pixel unit of the LED display screen includes a substrate 1, an LED light emitting unit 2, a hollow light-shielding grid 3, and an optical diffusion film 4.
  • it also includes a reflective coating applied on the side wall of the hollow light-shielding grid 3. 5 and a light absorbing material 6 coated on the surface of the substrate 1, wherein the light absorbing material 6 is coated on an area of the substrate 1 where the LED light emitting unit 2 is not provided.
  • the LED light-emitting unit 2 is arranged with its light-emitting surface facing the audience side, and at the same time, the light-absorbing material 6 is used to increase the contrast.
  • Figure 1b shows the pixel filled black area when viewing pixels of a conventional LED display screen from the audience side. It can be seen that the central area is a bright area. This is because the light emitting surface of the LED light emitting unit itself also reflects ambient stray light, thus This leads to an improvement in contrast which is not ideal.
  • the present invention discloses an LED display screen, which is composed of an LED array, a shading frame and an optical diffusion film, and can significantly increase the pixels of the LED light emitting unit without significantly increasing cost and power consumption. Fill rate, so that a softer picture is displayed on this LED display.
  • the present invention can use a relatively large-sized chip, and achieve high contrast of a display screen by increasing the black fill ratio.
  • an LED display screen which includes: an LED array composed of a plurality of LED light emitting units and used to emit light; an optical diffusion film disposed on a light emitting side of the LED array;
  • the matrix shading frame includes a plurality of hollow shading grids, and the hollow shading grids correspond to the LED light-emitting units in a one-to-one manner; and a substrate is used to support the LED array and the matrix shading frame. After the light emitted by the light emitting unit passes through its corresponding hollow shading grid, it diffuses to the audience side through the optical diffusion film, and the LED light emitting unit emits light toward the hollow shading grid.
  • the LED light emitting unit in the LED display screen of the present invention is arranged to emit light toward the side of the hollow light-shielding grid.
  • the LED light emitting unit is covered on the side facing the audience, so the LED light emitting unit does not directly reflect the ambient light, so that most of the ambient light is absorbed.
  • both the substrate and the LED light-emitting unit are covered by a black light-absorbing material, and no reflective area is formed due to the reflection of ambient light, and the black fill rate of the pixel can approach 100%.
  • the present invention adopts the above-mentioned side-emitting structure (that is, light is emitted toward the side wall of the matrix light-shielding frame), the black filling rate can be increased without reducing the size of the LED light-emitting unit. Therefore, the LED light-emitting unit in the present invention It can be assembled with mature SMT placement technology, which has the beneficial effects of high production efficiency and low cost.
  • the LED light-emitting unit further includes a light guiding device for guiding light emitted by the LED light-emitting unit toward the hollow light-shielding grid.
  • a reflection layer is provided on a side wall of the hollow shading grid.
  • the reflection layer is a diffuse reflection layer.
  • the reflection properties of the diffuse reflection layer itself can be used to improve the uniformity of light distribution. , Which can have a better light mixing effect.
  • the reflective layer is a specular reflective layer.
  • the diffusion angle of the optical diffusion film is preferably greater than 10 degrees, so as to have a better shielding effect on the spaces between the LED light emitting units.
  • the LED display screen further includes a polarizing plate, which is disposed on the light path through which the light emitted by the LED array passes, and includes an alternating array of first polarization regions and a second polarization region array. The light passes through the first polarization region to form a first polarized light, and passes through the second polarization region to form a second polarized light.
  • a polarizing plate which is disposed on the light path through which the light emitted by the LED array passes, and includes an alternating array of first polarization regions and a second polarization region array. The light passes through the first polarization region to form a first polarized light, and passes through the second polarization region to form a second polarized light.
  • FIG. 1 a shows a schematic structural diagram of a pixel unit of a conventional LED display screen.
  • FIG. 1b shows a pixel filled area when viewing pixels of the conventional LED display screen in FIG. 1a from the viewer side.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the LED display structure.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing changes before and after light passes through the optical diffusion film.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the relationship between the parallel light intensity I 0 and the angle ⁇ emitted from the LED light emitting unit.
  • Fig. 5a illustrates a circular light distribution when the optical diffusion film is an isotropic diffusion film.
  • Fig. 5b illustrates an elliptical light distribution when the optical diffusion film is an anisotropic diffusion film.
  • 6a is a side sectional view of a pixel unit of an LED display screen according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6b is a schematic view of the pixel unit of the LED display screen shown in FIG. 6a viewed from the audience side.
  • 6c is a side sectional view of a pixel unit of an LED display screen according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a side sectional view of a pixel unit of an LED display screen according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 8a is a side sectional view of a pixel unit of an LED display screen according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8b is a schematic view of the pixel unit of the LED display screen shown in FIG. 8a viewed from the audience side.
  • FIG. 8c is a side sectional view of a pixel unit of the LED display screen according to the modified embodiment of FIG. 8a.
  • 9a is a side sectional view of a pixel unit of an LED display screen according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • 9b is a side sectional view of a pixel unit of an LED display screen according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10a is a side sectional view of a pixel unit of an LED display screen according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10b is a schematic view of the pixel unit of the LED display screen of Fig. 10a viewed from the audience side.
  • FIG. 11 is an exploded view of the overall structure of the LED display screen of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a comparison graph of the mixed light effect of the LED display screen of the present invention and the conventional LED display screen.
  • FIG. 13 is a comparison graph of the light mixing effect of the LED display screen under different light-shielding grid reflective layers.
  • FIG. 14 is an exploded view of the overall structure of an LED display screen according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the LED display screen 100 includes a substrate 10, an LED array 20, a matrix shading frame 30, and an optical diffusion film 40.
  • the LED array 20 is composed of a plurality of LED light-emitting units, and the matrix light-shielding frame includes a plurality of hollow light-shielding grids corresponding to the LED light-emitting units one-to-one.
  • FIG. 14 is an exploded view of the overall structure of an LED display screen according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the LED display screen includes a substrate 10, an LED array 20, a matrix shading frame 30, an optical diffusion film 40, and a polarizing plate 60. Different from the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, this embodiment adds a polarizer 60 disposed on the optical path through which the light emitted by the LED array passes.
  • the polarizing plate 60 includes an array of first and second polarization regions 61 and 62 arranged alternately. Light emitted by the LED array passes through the first polarization region 61 to form a first polarized light, and passes through the second polarization region 62 to form a second polarized light. polarized light.
  • the polarizing plate 60 is disposed between the matrix light-shielding frame 30 and the optical diffusion film 40.
  • the polarizer may be disposed on a side of the optical diffusion film away from the LED array.
  • the polarizer may be further disposed on a surface of the transparent substrate near the LED array.
  • first polarization regions and the second polarization regions are alternately arranged in a stripe shape.
  • first polarization region and the second polarization region may be similar to a black and white lattice of chess, and are alternately arranged in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively.
  • a polarizing plate 60 is added, so that the light emitted from the LED array can form an image of two polarization states, thereby achieving 3D display.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of an LED display screen.
  • the up-down direction in FIG. 2 is a direction perpendicular to the LED display screen, and the upper side is the audience side.
  • FIG. 2 also shows the position and intensity of the light spot formed by the LED light emitting unit in the LED display screen.
  • Figure 2 only shows the LED array and the optical diffusion film included in the LED display, where p is the distance between adjacent LED light emitting units in the LED array, or the pixel size of the LED display, and h is the optical diffusion film and LED The distance between the arrays in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the optical diffusion film.
  • the optical diffusion film is placed at a certain distance closer to the audience side than the LED array, that is, it is disposed on the light emitting side of the LED array. Therefore, the light emitted from the LED array passes through the hollow light-shielding grid corresponding to each LED light-emitting unit, and is then scattered to the audience side through the optical diffusion film.
  • the human eye can see the object because the object is imaged on the retina through the eye.
  • the human eye directly images the LED light emitting unit array of the LED display screen into the human eye. Therefore, even if the light of each LED light emitting unit overlaps, the fact that the picture imaged to the human eye is composed of an array of LED light emitting units separated from each other is still not affected.
  • the optical diffusion film changes the light distribution of the light emitted by the LED light-emitting unit again, making the optical diffusion film a "passive light source".
  • the human eye images the optical diffusion film with image information onto the retina, instead of imaging the separated LED array. Therefore, as long as the filling rate of each image pixel corresponding to the optical diffusion film is sufficiently high, the graininess of image display can be eliminated.
  • the pixel filling rate of an LED light emitting unit is defined as the ratio of the light emitting surface area of the LED light emitting unit to the pixel area.
  • the optical diffusion film becomes a new light source for imaging to the human eye, so the new pixel filling rate should be Defined as the ratio of the spot area to the pixel area of a single pixel on an optical diffusion film.
  • the method for determining the light spot area is as follows: Take the light spot corresponding to a single pixel, and the central illuminance value is L, then the area of the light spot with an illuminance value not less than ⁇ L is the light spot area of the pixel, where 0 ⁇ ⁇ 0.5.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates in an exemplary manner that the LED array includes three LED light emitting units, namely LED1, LED2, and LED3, those skilled in the art should understand that the LED array may include any number of LED light emitting units as required.
  • the light spots formed by the chips LED1, LED2, and LED3 are light spot 1, light spot 2, and light spot 3, respectively.
  • the curve above the light spot is the illuminance distribution curve (or equivalently the brightness distribution curve) of the light spot along the screen direction, and the value on the corresponding curve at each position on the optical diffusion film is the value at that position.
  • Spot illumination value It can be seen that the illuminance of the light spot is larger near the center of the LED light emitting unit, and the illuminance near the edge of the LED light emitting unit is small.
  • the pixel filling rate on the incident side of the optical diffusion film is mainly increased.
  • the distance h between the optical diffusion film and the LED light emitting unit is the smallest (that is, the optical diffusion film is close to the light emitting surface of the LED light emitting unit)
  • the illumination distribution curve of a single light spot is very sharp, and the illumination distribution is concentrated on the position of the light emitting surface of the LED light emitting unit.
  • the pixel filling rate of the optical diffusion film is approximately equal to the pixel filling rate of the LED light emitting unit array itself.
  • the spot of the LED light-emitting unit gradually increases on the surface of the optical diffusion film, and the half-peak width of the illuminance distribution curve gradually increases until the adjacent two The illuminance distribution curves of the LED light emitting units overlap.
  • the LED display screen of the present invention can effectively shield the gap between the LED light-emitting units through the optical diffusion film, thereby improving the pixel filling rate of the LED display screen, and the pixel filling rate can be more than 70%.
  • the optical diffusion film used in the present invention generally uses transparent PC or PET as a substrate, and may include a bulk diffusion film or a surface diffusion film.
  • the bulk diffusion film is provided with bulk scattering particles, and a bulk diffusion film having diffusion particles can be obtained using a precision optical coating device.
  • the bulk diffusion particles are, for example, inorganic particles such as silica and titanium dioxide particles, or organic particles such as acrylic resin and epoxy resin particles.
  • the surface of the surface diffusion film has a rough structure and can be obtained by a roll-to-roll embossing process.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing changes before and after light passes through the optical diffusion film.
  • a beam of parallel light is incident on the optical diffusion film, the angular distribution of the light is changed, and the outgoing light forms a light beam with a certain divergence angle, which appears as a light cone.
  • the shape of the light cone is different.
  • the incident parallel light intensity incident on the optical diffusion film is I
  • the outgoing light of the optical diffusion film is a light whose intensity varies with the angle and is defined as I ( ⁇ ), where ⁇ is the light beam and the optical diffusion film method The angle of the line.
  • I (0) I 0, that is, the center light intensity of the emitted light
  • the value of 2 ⁇ 0 is defined as the diffusion angle of the optical diffusion film. That is, the cone angle of the light cone of the emitted light that is not less than half the intensity of the central beam is the diffusion angle of the optical diffusion film.
  • the diffusion angle of the optical diffusion film in the present invention should be greater than 10 degrees, and more preferably greater than 40 degrees. When the diffusion angle is larger, the shielding effect of the optical diffusion film on the spaces between the LED light emitting units is better. Moreover, the larger the diffusion angle, the larger the viewing angle of the LED display screen.
  • an isotropic diffusion film can be selected. As shown in FIG. 5a, when an isotropic diffusion film is used, it can be seen from the viewer that the diffusion angle of the diffusion film in all directions is the same.
  • the optical diffusion film may be an anisotropic diffusion film.
  • an anisotropic diffusion film as shown in FIG. 5b it can be seen from the viewer that the diffusion angle of the diffusion film in the horizontal direction is greater than the diffusion angle in the vertical direction, so that the horizontal field of view is obtained. increase.
  • the dotted circles / ellipses in FIGS. 5a and 5b indicate the light diffusion characteristics of the optical diffusion film, and represent the shape of the light cone (cone or ellipse cone) formed by the parallel light incident on the optical diffusion film, not the actual diffusion film. Light spot shape.
  • the anisotropic diffusion film can also make the diffusion angle in the vertical direction larger than the diffusion angle in the horizontal direction, or the diffusion angle in any direction larger than that in the other directions.
  • the light intensity distribution of the LED light-emitting unit itself is a Lambertian distribution. There are many large-angle lights, and it is easy to generate crosstalk between adjacent pixels, which may reduce the sharpness of the image.
  • the LED display screen of the present invention also includes a plurality of hollow light-shielding grids, and the plurality of hollow light-shielding grids form a light-shielding frame in a matrix form (also referred to as a matrix light-shielding frame), and form an LED
  • the LED light-emitting units of the array correspond one-to-one.
  • the hollow light-shielding grid is arranged between the LED light-emitting units and is used to surround each LED light-emitting unit.
  • RGB three-color chips are arranged linearly.
  • the LED display screen of the present invention is described above, and the structure of the pixel unit of the LED display screen of the present invention is described in detail below.
  • the LED light emitting unit in the LED display screen shown in FIG. 1 is different from the forward light emitting structure in that the LED light emitting unit in the present invention is set to emit light sideways.
  • FIGS. 6a-9b are schematic structural diagrams of a pixel unit of an LED display screen according to various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the pixel unit of the LED display screen includes a substrate 1, an LED light emitting unit 2, a hollow light-shielding grid 3, and an optical diffusion film 4.
  • a reflective layer 5 coated on the side wall of the hollow light-shielding grid 3 and a light-absorbing material 6 coated on the surface of the substrate 1 are also included.
  • the substrate 1 constitutes a part of the substrate 10 shown in FIG.
  • a plurality of LED light-emitting units 2 constitute an LED array 20
  • a plurality of hollow light-shielding grids 3 constitute a matrix light-shielding frame 30
  • an optical diffusion film 4 constitutes a part of the optical diffusion film 40 Further, the optical diffusion film 4 of the plurality of pixel units first constitutes a sub-optical diffusion film, and then the plurality of sub-optical diffusion films are spliced to obtain the entire optical diffusion film 40.
  • the LED light-emitting unit 2 emits light toward the hollow light-shielding grid 3, and the surface of the LED light-emitting unit 2 facing the audience is covered by a light-absorbing material 6. .
  • FIG. 6b is a schematic diagram of the pixel unit of the LED display screen shown in FIG. 6a viewed from the audience side. Compared to Figure 1b, the brighter area in the center disappears.
  • a reflection layer 5 is disposed on the side wall of the hollow light-shielding grid 3.
  • the LED light-emitting unit 2 emits light toward the hollow light-shielding grid 3
  • the light beam is reflected by the reflection layer 5 and then exits through the optical diffusion film 4.
  • the solid-line arrow shown in FIG. 6a represents a light beam, which is reflected after the reflection layer 5 is emitted once. It can be understood that other light beams, especially those incident on the reflection layer 5 at a small angle, can pass through multiple times. Emitted after reflection.
  • all the light beams emitted by the LED light emitting unit 2 are emitted after being reflected, which is beneficial to improving the uniformity of the light beam distribution.
  • the four-sided reflective wall surrounded by the reflective layer 5 of the hollow light-shielding grid 3 can be equivalent to an optical integrator rod to uniformize the light of the LED light-emitting unit.
  • the coverage of the light absorbing material 6 is greatly increased, covering not only the portion on the substrate 1 where the LED light emitting unit 2 is not provided, but also the surface of the audience side of the LED light emitting unit 2 so that there is no incident on the pixel unit.
  • the ambient light directly reflected by the LED light emitting unit 2 further improves the contrast.
  • the light absorbing material 6 may include a black organic pigment (for example, azo, etc.) or an inorganic pigment (for example, carbon black, metal oxide), or the like.
  • Fig. 6a also shows three types of ambient light beams incident on the pixel unit, which are indicated by dashed arrows.
  • L1 passes through the optical diffusion film 4 and directly hits the LED light emitting unit 2. Since the surface of the LED light emitting unit 2 facing the audience in this embodiment is covered by the light absorbing material 6, the part of the ambient light is directly absorbed by the light absorbing material 6 absorption, will not emit again and reduce the contrast of the LED display.
  • Another type of ambient light beam L2 is incident on a position on the substrate 1 where the LED light emitting unit 2 is not provided, and this position also covers the light absorbing material 6 so that the ambient light of L2 is directly absorbed.
  • the reflection layer 5 is a specular reflection layer.
  • the ambient light beam L3 is directly absorbed by the light absorbing material 6 provided on the substrate 1 and will not be emitted again.
  • the specular reflection layer when the incident light beam is determined, the reflected light beam is unique, so only the light beam incident on the reflection layer 5 at a specific angle can be reflected into the light emitting surface of the LED light emitting unit 2.
  • the reflection layer 5 of the specular reflection structure can make use of the limitation of its reflection angle to eliminate the influence of ambient light on the contrast to the greatest extent.
  • the specular reflection layer may be a metal reflection plating layer, such as a silver reflection layer, an aluminum reflection layer, etc., or a composite layer body with different refractive index media superimposed.
  • the LED light-emitting unit 2 uses mature SMT mounting technology to assemble the LED chip on the substrate 1.
  • the reflection layer 5 is not limited to the structure of the specular reflection layer.
  • FIG. 6c is a side sectional view of a pixel unit of an LED display screen according to another embodiment of the present invention. Different from the embodiment shown in FIG. 6a, the reflection layer 5 in this embodiment is a diffuse reflection layer.
  • the reflection effect of the diffuse reflection layer on the incident light is different from that of the specular reflection layer.
  • the reflected light has the shape of a light cone, that is, the reflected light has a certain angle of diffusion. According to the angular distribution of the reflected light, it can be divided into Lambertian reflective layers, Gaussian reflective layers, etc., where the reflected light incident on the Lambertian reflective layer exhibits a Lambertian distribution (uniform angular distribution of 180 °) and is incident on the Gaussian reflective layer.
  • the reflected light has a Gaussian distribution (the beam is more concentrated at the center beam position, and the center beam is the beam when specularly reflected).
  • the ambient light incident on the reflective layer 5 is reflected to form a light cone light, most of which is reflected onto the light absorbing material 6 and absorbed, and only a small part of the light emitted into the LED light emitting unit 2 is emitted.
  • Surface, part of the light is reflected to the light absorbing material 6 and absorbed during the emission process.
  • the angular distribution of the light emitted from the LED light-emitting unit 2 can be uniformly distributed, and the number of reflection times of some light can be increased. Achieve uniform light effect.
  • the emitted light of an LED chip cannot guarantee its chromaticity uniformity, which is specifically manifested by measuring the light emitted by the LED chip from different angles relative to the LED chip, and the obtained color coordinates are different.
  • the traditional blue-light chip + YAG phosphor-encapsulated white LED chip has a large angle of emitted light that is yellower than the central beam.
  • This problem also exists in LED chips in LED displays.
  • the matrix light-shielding frame is equivalent to a uniform light rod, which uniformizes the light emitted from the LED chip, thereby reducing the variation of the color deviation of the LED chip with the angle.
  • the present invention further improves the uniformity of the color coordinates of the emitted light by making all the light emitted by the LED light-emitting unit be reflected after being reflected by the reflection layer of the hollow light-shielding grid.
  • the following proves through simulation experiments.
  • CIE1976 color coordinates are used to measure the color angular uniformity of pixels.
  • the distance (i.e., color deviation) Du'v 'between the color coordinates (u1', v1 ') of the large-angle outgoing light and the color coordinates (u0', v0 ') of the central beam is calculated by the following formula:
  • the horizontal axis is the viewing angle that deviates from the LED display normal (the normal corresponds to 0 degrees), and the vertical axis is the color deviation Du'v '.
  • a specular reflective layer In order to test the effect of different types of hollow shading grid reflective layers on the color deviation of the light emitted from the LED display screen, a specular reflective layer, a Lambertian reflective layer and a Gaussian reflective layer were selected for simulation experiments.
  • the vertical angle shown on the horizontal axis is the angle between the light from the viewer or the measuring device to the pixel and the normal of the LED display screen, and the vertical axis is the color deviation Du'v ', where: The smaller the color deviation Du'v 'and the smoother the curve, the better the light mixing effect.
  • the specular reflection layer has a better light mixing effect. This is also because the technical solution of the specular reflection layer has better resistance to ambient light, and can reduce the influence of ambient stray light on the detection result.
  • the LED chips of the LED light-emitting unit are mounted on the substrate 1 in a side-emitting manner.
  • the present invention can also mount the LED chip in a forward-lighting manner.
  • the LED chip 2 ′ of the LED light-emitting unit 2 (the portion inside the dotted frame in the figure) is mounted on the substrate 1 in a forward-lighting manner.
  • the LED light-emitting unit 2 also includes a light guide device 2 "For reflecting the light of the LED chip 2 ', and finally guiding the light emitted from the LED light-emitting unit 2 toward the hollow light-shielding grid 3.
  • the light guiding device 2 "includes a mirror. It can be understood that in other modified embodiments, the light guiding device may also be replaced with other optical devices, such as a light guide, as long as the light from the LED light emitting unit can be guided. Just shoot towards the cutout grid.
  • the LED light-emitting unit 2 is disposed at the center of the pixel unit. It can be understood that when the LED light-emitting unit emits light in the forward direction (directly toward the audience), it is set at the center of the pixel unit Conducive to light uniformity. However, in the present invention, the LED light-emitting unit 2 does not directly emit light toward the audience side, and the light emitted from the pixel unit of the LED display screen is actually light that has been reflected multiple times by the reflective layer of the hollow light-shielding grid. Therefore, the LED light emitting unit 2 does not have to be disposed at the center of the pixel unit.
  • FIG. 8a and 8b are side sectional views of a pixel unit of an LED display screen according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the LED light emitting unit 2 of this embodiment is disposed at the edge position of the pixel unit shown, that is, at a position deviated from the center of its corresponding hollow shading grid.
  • the light-emitting unit 2 is covered by the light-absorbing material 6 with a dotted line, and the light-emitting unit 2 is located at a middle position on one side of the pixel unit. It can be understood that the light emitting unit 2 may also be located at other positions, such as a corner.
  • FIG. 8c is a side sectional view of a pixel unit of the LED display screen according to the modified embodiment of FIG. 8a. Different from FIG. 8 a, in this embodiment, the light emitting unit 2 is disposed below the corresponding hollow shading grid 3.
  • This technical solution can reduce the height of the matrix shading frame (with the same distance from the optical diffusion film to the substrate), reduce material consumption and overall weight; on the other hand, the back side of the light emitting unit 2 (that is, away from the One side of the light emitting direction) is hidden in the hollow shading grid 3, which reduces the non-uniformity caused by no light emission on the back side of the light emitting unit 2 (of course, the non-uniformity can be solved by increasing the height of the matrix shading frame), so that the light Can fill the entire interior space of the pixel unit.
  • the LED light-emitting unit shown in the figure includes one LED chip. It can be understood that the LED light-emitting unit may also be replaced with a plurality of LED chips or a multi-chip integrated packaged LED.
  • 9a and 9b are side sectional views of a pixel unit of an LED display screen according to another embodiment of the present invention. The difference from the above embodiments is only that the LED light emitting unit in the two implementation manners includes RGB three-color chips, and the dotted line box shows the LED light emitting unit.
  • the RGB three-color chips of the LED light-emitting unit 2a are separately provided, and the surface of each LED chip facing the audience side is coated with a light-absorbing material 6.
  • FIG. 9a the RGB three-color chips of the LED light-emitting unit 2a are separately provided, and the surface of each LED chip facing the audience side is coated with a light-absorbing material 6.
  • FIG. 9a the RGB three-color chips of the LED light-emitting unit 2a are separately provided, and the surface of each LED chip facing
  • the The RGB three-color chip is packaged in a structure, and the entire surface facing the audience is coated with a light absorbing material 6.
  • the light emitting direction of the LED light emitting unit is directed toward the paper surface inward or outward, indicating that the light is not drawn.
  • the LED light emitting unit includes three RGB LED chips, in other embodiments of the present invention, it may be a combination of any number and any color type of LED chips.
  • 10a and 10b are side sectional views of a pixel unit of an LED display screen according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • This embodiment is different from the above embodiments in that the LED light-emitting unit 2 includes a plurality of LED chips, and the different LED chips emit light toward different sides of the hollow light-shielding grid corresponding to the LED light-emitting unit 2.
  • the light-emitting unit 2 includes four LED chips—2-1, 2-2, 2-3, and 2-4, which are indicated by dotted lines under the light-absorbing material 6. Affected by the cross section, only two LED chips 2-1 and 2-2 are shown in FIG. 10a.
  • the four LED chips of the light emitting unit 2 emit light toward the four sides of the hollow light-shielding grid 3 respectively, so that the pixel unit can obtain sufficient light distribution uniformity at a shorter propagation distance.
  • the plurality of LED chips included in the light emitting unit 2 are multi-color LED chips, and the LED chips of the same color are symmetrically distributed with respect to the center of the pixel unit.
  • This technical solution can further improve color uniformity.
  • both 2-1 and 2-2 may be green LEDs, so that the green light is more uniformly distributed in the pixel unit.
  • the LED chip emitting light toward one side of the hollow light-shielding grid may include multiple sub-chips.
  • the LED chips 2-4 may include a blue LED sub-chip and a red LED sub-chip, so that the LED chips 2-4 emit red and blue light at the same time.
  • the LED light emitting unit 2 including a plurality of LED chips is disposed at the center position of the pixel unit, it can be understood that in other embodiments of the present invention, the LED light emitting unit may also include multiple LED light emitting units. The two LED chips are separated, so that different LED chips are located at the edge position of the pixel unit or below the hollow shading grid, and at the same time, different LED chips emit light toward different sides of the hollow shading grid.
  • the position of a single LED chip reference may be made to the design shown in FIG. 8a and FIG. 8c, which will not be repeated here.
  • the application range of the LED display screen can be effectively improved by combining the LED array and the optical diffusion film, and the pixel filling rate of the LED light-emitting unit can be improved, thereby reducing
  • the upper graininess brings the problem of non-softness, which improves the display effect of the LED display screen, thereby improving the visual enjoyment and experience of the audience.
  • the LED light emitting unit in the LED display screen of the present invention emits light sideways toward the shading frame. Even if the size of the LED light emitting unit is not reduced, the black fill ratio of the pixel can be improved, thereby increasing the contrast of the display screen.
  • the LED display screen of the present invention has excellent contrast effects, and is particularly suitable for consumer-side cinema and living room application scenarios, and can also meet other high-end commercial scenarios.

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Abstract

一种LED显示屏（100），包括：LED阵列（20），由多个LED发光单元（2）组成，用于发光；光学扩散膜（40），设置在LED阵列（20）的光出射侧；矩阵遮光架（30），包括多个镂空遮光栅格（3），镂空遮光栅格（3）与LED发光单元（2）一一对应；以及基板（1），用于支撑LED阵列（20）和矩阵遮光架（30），其中，LED发光单元（2）发出的光穿过其对应的镂空遮光栅格（3）后，透过光学扩散膜（40）而扩散到观众侧，且LED发光单元（2）朝向镂空遮光栅格（3）发光。LED显示屏（100）避免了外部环境光直接入射到LED发光单元（2）的光学面而被反射，提高了LED显示屏（100）的对比度。

Description

LED显示屏 技术领域
本发明涉及显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种LED显示屏。
背景技术
传统的电影放映设备采用投影机和银幕相结合的方式，通过投影机远程投射图像光到银幕上放大成像，银幕将图像光反射到观众侧，从而实现大屏幕显示。由于投影机中镜头的设计缺陷和银幕的反光特性，导致采用该方式的传统投影放映设备具有画面均匀性差、亮度低、画面对比度差和能耗高的缺点。尤其地，银幕为被动发光器件，不仅会反射投影机发出的图像光，还会反射来自观众席、应急指示灯等发出的环境杂散光，一方面要求对投影的图像光具有良好的反射率，另一方面又要避免反射过多的环境杂散光，因此，难以同时兼顾放映亮度和对比度。
与此同时，由于观众对电影视觉效果的要求不断提高，越来越多的影院放映采用4K分辨率的片源。为了降低成本并提高画面的对比度，有技术提出采用像素化LED阵列的LED显示屏，以一个LED芯片对应一个像素的方式进行显示。该技术方案中，由于LED显示屏本身就是自发光的光源，没有中间传播的光损耗，因此能够提供非常高的亮度；而且可以通过控制单个像素的LED的开关实现图像的明暗变化，获得极高的对比度。
然而，本申请发明人在进一步研究中发现，当放映画面中包含较暗的图像区域时，该区域未能表现出足够的“黑”，理论上的高对比度实际并未达成。其原因在于，LED显示屏的像素对环境杂散光进行了反射，使得原本处于关闭状态的像素发出了光。
为了提高LED显示屏的对比度，减少像素对环境杂散光的影响，发明人提出了下述方案：降低LED发光单元之外的非发光区域的反射率。
如图1a所示，LED显示屏的像素单元包括基板1、LED发光单元2、镂空遮光栅格3和光学扩散膜4，此外，还包括涂覆在镂空遮光栅格3侧壁上的反射涂料5和涂覆在基板1表面上的吸光材料6，其中，吸光材 料6涂覆在基板1未设置LED发光单元2的区域。在该LED显示屏中，LED发光单元2设置为其发光面朝向观众侧，同时利用吸光材料6来增加对比度。图1b示出了从观众侧观看常规LED显示屏的像素时的像素黑色填充区域情况，可以看到中心区域为亮区，这是由于LED发光单元的发光面本身也会反射环境杂散光，从而会导致对比度的改善并不是十分理想。
为了减小LED发光单元发光面对对比度的影响，需要减小LED发光单元的尺寸，然而减小LED尺寸又会带来一系列如贴装工艺、良率等技术问题，大幅地提高产品成本，不利于该产品的应用推广。
发明内容
为了提高LED显示屏的对比度，本发明公开了一种LED显示屏，其由LED阵列、遮光架和光学扩散膜构成，能够在不显著提高成本和功耗的条件下显著提高LED发光单元的像素填充率，从而在该LED显示屏上显示更加柔和的画面。此外，本发明通过采用侧面发光的LED发光单元，能够采用尺寸相对较大的芯片，并通过提高黑色填充率来实现显示屏的高对比度。
在本发明的第一方面提供一种LED显示屏，其包括：LED阵列，其由多个LED发光单元组成，并用于发出光；光学扩散膜，其设置在所述LED阵列的光出射侧；矩阵遮光架，其包括多个镂空遮光栅格，所述镂空遮光栅格与所述LED发光单元一一对应；以及基板，其用于支撑所述LED阵列和所述矩阵遮光架，其中，LED发光单元发出的光穿过其对应的镂空遮光栅格后，透过所述光学扩散膜而扩散到观众侧，且所述LED发光单元朝向所述镂空遮光栅格发光。
本发明的LED显示屏中的LED发光单元设置为朝向镂空遮光栅格侧面发光。通过该结构，即使环境光从屏幕表面之外入射到像素中，也不能够直接入射到LED的发光面。这是由于在面对观众侧的一面上，LED发光单元被覆盖，因此该LED发光单元并不会直接反射该环境光，使得大部分环境光被吸收。即使存在少量环境光经遮光框架反射到达LED发光单元的发光面，也因多次反射而损失较多，而且在再次出射的路径上，可能被各种结构吸收。
因此，从观众侧观看LED显示屏时，基板和LED发光单元都被黑色吸光材料所覆盖，不会由于反射环境光而形成有反光区域，该像素的黑色填充率可以接近100％。
另外，由于本发明采用了上述侧面发光的结构(即朝向矩阵遮光架的侧壁发光)，不需要通过缩小LED发光单元的尺寸就能提高黑色填充率，由此，本发明中的LED发光单元可以采用成熟的SMT贴装技术进行组装，具有高生产效率和低成本的有益效果。
另外，由于侧面发光的LED发光单元所发出的全部光线都需要在镂空遮光栅格的侧壁上经过一次或多次反射，使得光束的分布更加一致，不存在正向发光LED发光单元的技术方案中存在的该种情况——既有直接出射的光也有反射后出射的光，因此能够显著改善LED显示屏的颜色均匀性。
在一个实施方式中，所述LED发光单元还包括光引导装置，用于将所述LED发光单元发出的光引导朝向所述镂空遮光栅格出射。该技术方案可以将原有的正向发光的LED改造为整体侧向发光的LED发光单元。
优选地，镂空遮光栅格的侧壁上设置有反射层。
在一个实施方式中，反射层为漫反射层，漫反射层除了利用多次反射将LED发光单元的出射光进行匀光，还能够利用漫反射层本身的反射性质对光分布的均匀性进行改善，从而能够具有更好的混光效果。
在一个实施方式中，反射层为镜面反射层。该技术方案中，穿过光学扩散膜的环境光中，仅有特定角度的环境光能够通过镜面反射层到达LED发光单元的发光面，使得LED显示屏具有更高的抗环境光对比度。
在一个实施方式中，光学扩散膜的扩散角度优选大于10度，从而对LED发光单元之间的空隙具有较好的遮蔽效果。
在一个实施方式中，LED显示屏还包括偏振片，设置在所述LED阵列发出的光线所经过的光路上，包括交替排列的第一偏振区和第二偏振区阵列，所述LED阵列发出的光线经过第一偏振区形成第一偏振光，经过第二偏振区形成第二偏振光。
附图说明
图1a示出了常规LED显示屏的像素单元的结构示意图。
图1b示出了从观众侧观看图1a中常规LED显示屏的像素时的像素黑色填充区域情况。
图2为LED显示屏构造的概要剖视图。
图3为光透过光学扩散膜前后变化的示意图。
图4说明LED发光单元出射的平行光光强I 0与角度θ之间的关系。
图5a说明光学扩散膜为各向同性扩散膜时的圆形光分布。
图5b说明光学扩散膜为各向异性扩散膜时的椭圆形光分布。
图6a示出了本发明一实施例的LED显示屏的像素单元的侧剖图。
图6b为图6a所示LED显示屏的像素单元在观众侧观看的示意图。
图6c为本发明另一实施例的LED显示屏的像素单元的侧剖图。
图7为本发明又一实施例的LED显示屏的像素单元的侧剖图。
图8a为本发明又一实施例的LED显示屏的像素单元的侧剖图。
图8b为图8a所示LED显示屏的像素单元在观众侧观看的示意图。
图8c为图8a的变形实施例的LED显示屏的像素单元的侧剖图。
图9a为本发明又一实施例的LED显示屏的像素单元的侧剖图。
图9b为本发明又一实施例的LED显示屏的像素单元的侧剖图。
图10a为本发明又一实施例的LED显示屏的像素单元的侧剖图。
图10b为图10a LED显示屏的像素单元在观众侧观看的示意图。
图11为本发明LED显示屏的整体结构爆炸图。
图12为本发明LED显示屏与常规LED显示屏的混光效果对比曲线图。
图13为本发明LED显示屏在不同遮光栅格反射层下的混光效果对比曲线图。
图14为本发明另一实施例的LED显示屏的整体结构爆炸图。
具体实施方式
下面，将参照附图详细说明根据本发明的各具体实施例。需要强调的是，附图中的所有尺寸仅是示意性的并且不一定是按照真实比例图示的，因而不具有限定性。例如，应当理解，图示中的LED阵列、光学扩 散膜、遮光架等组件的尺寸、比例等参数并不是按照实际的尺寸和比例示出的，仅是为了图示方便，但不是用于限定本发明的具体范围。
如图11所示，为本发明LED显示屏的整体结构爆炸图，LED显示屏100包括基板10、LED阵列20、矩阵遮光架30和光学扩散膜40。其中，LED阵列20由多个LED发光单元组成，矩阵遮光架包括与多个LED发光单元一一对应的多个镂空遮光栅格。
图14为本发明另一实施例的LED显示屏的整体结构爆炸图。LED显示屏包括基板10、LED阵列20、矩阵遮光架30、光学扩散膜40和偏振片60。与图11所示实施例不同的是，本实施例增加了设置在LED阵列发出的光线所经过的光路上的偏振片60。其中，偏振片60包括交替排列的第一偏振区61和第二偏振区62阵列，LED阵列发出的光线经过第一偏振区61后形成第一偏振光，经过第二偏振区62后形成第二偏振光。
在本实施例中，偏振片60设置在矩阵遮光架30与光学扩散膜40之间。在其他实施方式中，偏振片还可以设置在光学扩散膜远离LED阵列的一侧。为了保护偏振片，防止其磨损，还可以进一步将偏振片设置在一透明基板的靠近LED阵列的表面上。
在本实施例中，第一偏振区和第二偏振区呈条形交替排列。在其他实施方式中，第一偏振区和第二偏振区也可以类似于国际象棋的黑白格子，沿横向和纵向分别交替排列。
本实施例通过增加了偏振片60，使得LED阵列发出的光能够形成两种偏振态的图像，从而实现3D显示。
图2说明了LED显示屏构造的概要剖视图。在图2中的上下方向为垂直于LED显示屏的方向，其中上方为观众侧。图2中还示出了该LED显示屏中由LED发光单元形成的光斑的位置和光斑强度大小。
图2仅显示了LED显示屏包括的LED阵列和光学扩散膜，其中，p为LED阵列中相邻LED发光单元之间的间距，或称LED显示屏的像素尺寸，h为光学扩散膜与LED阵列之间在垂直于光学扩散膜表面方向上的距离。将光学扩散膜按照一定的距离放置为比LED阵列更靠近观众侧的位置处，即设置在LED阵列的光出射侧。由此，从LED阵列发出的光，分别穿过各个LED发光单元对应的镂空遮光栅格后，通过光学扩散 膜散射到观众侧。
人眼能够看到物体，是由于物体通过眼睛成像到视网膜上。当LED显示屏中没有光学扩散膜时，人眼直接将LED显示屏的LED发光单元阵列成像到人眼中。因此，即使各LED发光单元的光发生交叠，仍然不影响成像到人眼的画面是由彼此分离的LED发光单元阵列组成的事实。当LED显示屏中设置了光学扩散膜后，光学扩散膜将LED发光单元发出的光重新改变了光分布，使得光学扩散膜成为一个“被动发光源”。此时，人眼将带有图像信息的光学扩散膜成像到视网膜上，而非对分离的LED阵列进行成像。因此，只要使得光学扩散膜对应的各个图像像素的填充率足够高，即可消除图像显示的颗粒感。
LED发光单元的像素填充率定义为LED发光单元的发光面面积与像素面积的比率，当设置了光学扩散膜后，光学扩散膜成为新的成像到人眼的光源，因此新的像素填充率应当定义为光学扩散膜上的对应单个像素的光斑面积与像素面积的比率。其中光斑面积的确定方法如下：取对应单个像素的光斑，其中心照度值为L，则该光斑的照度值不小于αL的区域为该像素的光斑面积，其中0＜α＜0.5。
虽然图2中以示例性的方式说明了LED阵列包含有三个LED发光单元，即LED1、LED2和LED3，但本领域技术人员应当能理解该LED阵列可以根据需要包含有任意数量的LED发光单元。由芯片LED1、LED2和LED3形成的光斑分别为光斑1、光斑2和光斑3。在图2中，光斑上方的曲线为光斑沿屏幕方向的照度分布曲线(或者也可以等效为亮度分布曲线)，在光学扩散膜上每一位置处对应的曲线上的值为该位置处的光斑照度值。可以看出，光斑在靠近LED发光单元中心位置的照度较大，在靠近LED发光单元边缘位置的照度较小。
为了使光学扩散膜输出侧的像素填充率足够大，主要通过提高光学扩散膜的入射侧的像素填充率。当光学扩散膜与LED发光单元之间的距离h最小时(即光学扩散膜紧贴LED发光单元的发光面)，单个光斑的照度分布曲线非常尖锐，照度分布集中于LED发光单元的发光面位置，而其他区域的照度趋近于0，光学扩散膜的像素填充率约等于LED发光单元阵列本身的像素填充率。随着光学扩散膜与LED发光单元的发光面 的距离h逐渐增大，LED发光单元的光斑在光学扩散膜的表面逐渐增大，照度分布曲线的半峰宽逐渐扩大，直至使得相邻两个LED发光单元的照度分布曲线出现交叠。
通过上述结构，本发明中的LED显示屏能够通过光学扩散膜有效地遮蔽LED发光单元之间的空隙，从而提高LED显示屏的像素填充率，可以使像素填充率达到70％以上。
在本发明中使用的光学扩散膜一般采用透明的PC或者PET作为基材，可以包括体扩散膜或表面扩散膜。
体扩散膜中设置有体散射粒子，可以使用精密光学涂布设备得到有扩散粒子的体扩散膜。该体扩散粒子例如为二氧化硅、二氧化钛颗粒等无机颗粒或者丙烯酸树脂、环氧系树脂颗粒等有机颗粒。
表面扩散膜的表面具有粗糙结构，可以通过卷对卷的压印工艺而获得。
光学扩散膜的重要光学性能参数为扩散角度。接下来参考图3-图4来说明光学扩散膜的扩散角度的定义。
图3为光透过光学扩散膜前后变化的示意图。当一束平行光入射到光学扩散膜，光的角分布被改变，出射光形成具有一定发散角的光束，呈现为光锥形。对于不同光学性能的光学扩散膜，光锥形的形状不同。
根据图3，入射到光学扩散膜上的入射平行光强为I，光学扩散膜的出射光是一个光强随角度变化的光，定义为I(θ)，其中θ为光束与光学扩散膜法线的夹角。设当θ为0时，I(0)＝I 0，即为出射光的中心光强；计算出射光光强为0.5I 0时对应的角度值θ 0，即0.5I 0＝I(θ 0)，则2θ 0的值定义为光学扩散膜的扩散角度。也即，出射光的不小于中心光束光强一半的光锥的光锥角为该光学扩散膜的扩散角度。
本发明中光学扩散膜的扩散角度应大于10度，更优选为大于40度。当该扩散角度越大时，光学扩散膜对LED发光单元之间空隙的遮蔽效果越好。而且，扩散角度越大，LED显示屏的可视角度越大。
光学扩散膜可选择各向同性的扩散膜。如图5a所示，在采用各向同性的扩散膜时，从观众侧可以看出，该扩散膜在各个方向的扩散角度都是相同的。
但该光学扩散膜也可以选择各向异性的扩散膜。例如，在采用如图5b所示的各向异性的扩散膜时，从观众侧可以看出，该扩散膜在水平方向的扩散角度大于在垂直方向的扩散角度，从而使得水平方向的视场得到增加。可以理解，图5a和图5b的虚线圆形/椭圆形表明光学扩散膜的光扩散特性，表示平行光入射到光学扩散膜后形成的光锥(圆锥或椭圆锥)的形状，并非实际扩散膜上的光斑的形状。
当然，各向异性的扩散膜也可以使垂直方向的扩散角度大于水平方向的扩散角度，或任一方向的扩散角度大于其他方向的扩散角度。
LED发光单元本身的光强分布是朗伯分布，存在很多大角度的光线，就容易在相邻像素之间产生串扰，从而可能降低图像的清晰度。
为解决该串扰问题，在本发明的LED显示屏中还包含有多个镂空遮光栅格，该多个镂空遮光栅格构成矩阵形式的遮光架(也称为矩阵遮光架)，并与构成LED阵列的LED发光单元一一对应。该镂空遮光栅格设置在LED发光单元之间，用于包围每一LED发光单元。在每一LED发光单元封装中，使RGB三色芯片线性排列。
以上描述了本发明的LED显示屏整体的基本结构，下面对本发明LED显示屏的像素单元的结构进行详细的描述。为提高LED显示屏的对比度，与图1中所示的LED显示屏中的LED发光单元正向发光的结构不同的是，本发明中的LED发光单元设置为侧面发光。
请参见图6a-9b，为本发明多种实施例的LED显示屏的像素单元的结构示意图。为便于表述，将相同的器件进行统一编号。LED显示屏的像素单元包括基板1、LED发光单元2、镂空遮光栅格3和光学扩散膜4。此外，还包括涂覆在镂空遮光栅格3侧壁上的反射层5和涂覆在基板1表面上的吸光材料6。其中，基板1构成图11所示的基板10的一部分；多个LED发光单元2组成LED阵列20；多个镂空遮光栅格3构成矩阵遮光架30；光学扩散膜4构成光学扩散膜40的一部分，进一步的，多个像素单元的光学扩散膜4先构成子光学扩散膜，然后由多个子光学扩散膜拼接得到光学扩散膜40整体。
请参见图6a，与图1a所示的技术方案不同的是，本实施例中LED发光单元2朝向镂空遮光栅格3发光，且LED发光单元2中朝向观众侧 的表面上由吸光材料6覆盖。
请参见图6b，为图6a所示LED显示屏的像素单元在观众侧观看的示意图。相比图1b，中心的较亮区域消失了。
本实施例中，镂空遮光栅格3的侧壁上设置有反射层5，当LED发光单元2朝向镂空遮光栅格3发光时，光束被反射层5反射后经光学扩散膜4出射。图6a中示出的实线箭头代表了一光束，该光束经过反射层5一次反射后出射，可以理解，另外一些光束，尤其是以小角度入射到反射层5上的光束，可以经过多次反射后出射。该实施方式通过使LED发光单元2发出的光束都经过反射后出射，有利于使光束的分布均匀性提高。镂空遮光栅格3的反射层5所围成的四面反射壁能够相当于一个光学积分棒，对LED发光单元的光进行匀光。
本实施例中，吸光材料6的覆盖范围大大增加，不仅覆盖了基板1上未设置LED发光单元2的部分，还覆盖了LED发光单元2的观众侧的表面，使得不存在入射到像素单元而直接被LED发光单元2反射出来的环境光，进一步提高了对比度。在本发明的上述结构中，即使不使LED发光单元的尺寸减小，仍然能够实现较高的像素黑色填充率。吸光材料6可以包含黑色的有机颜料(例如偶氮等)或无机颜料(例如炭黑、金属氧化物)等。
图6a中还示出了三种入射到像素单元的环境光束，用虚线箭头表示。其中，L1穿过光学扩散膜4之后，直接射向LED发光单元2，由于本实施例中的LED发光单元2朝向观众侧的表面上由吸光材料6覆盖，使得该部分环境光直接被吸光材料6吸收，不会再次出射而降低LED显示屏的对比度。另一种环境光束L2入射到基板1上不设置LED发光单元2的位置，该位置同样覆盖了吸光材料6，使得L2环境光直接被吸收。
此外，另一种环境光束L3穿过光学扩散膜4之后，入射到镂空遮光栅格3的反射层5上，然后被反射。本实施例中，反射层5为镜面反射层，L3环境光束被反射后直接被设置在基板1上的吸光材料6吸收，不会再次出射。对于镜面反射层而言，当入射光束确定时，反射光束唯一，因此只有特定角度入射到反射层5的光束才能够被反射进入到LED发光单元2的发光面。即使该特定角度的环境光到达了LED发光单元2的发 光面，经发光面反射后的光束仍有被反射到吸光材料6上而被吸收的可能性。因此，综上所述，镜面反射结构的反射层5能够利用其反射角度的限制，最大限度的消除环境光对对比度的影响。
镜面反射层可以为金属反射镀层，如银反射层、铝反射层等，也可以为不同折射率介质叠加的复合层体。
本实施例中，LED发光单元2采用成熟的SMT贴装技术将LED芯片组装到基板1上。
在本发明中，反射层5不限于镜面反射层的结构。请参见图6c，为本发明另一实施例的LED显示屏的像素单元的侧剖图。与图6a所示实施例不同的是，本实施例中的反射层5为漫反射层。
漫反射层对入射光的反射效果与镜面反射层不同，反射光呈现出光锥的形状，即反射光发生了一定的角度扩散。根据反射光的角分布的不同，可以分为朗伯反射层、高斯反射层等，其中入射到朗伯反射层的反射光呈现朗伯分布(180°的均匀角分布)，入射到高斯反射层的反射光呈现高斯分布(光束更多的集中在中心光束位置，而中心光束为镜面反射时的光束)。
如图所示，入射到反射层5上的环境光被反射后形成一个光锥光，其中大部分被反射至吸光材料6上而被吸收，仅有极少部分入射到LED发光单元2的发光面，该部分光在出射过程中又有部分光被反射到吸光材料6而被吸收。
本实施例中，漫反射层结构的反射层5除了可以将大部分环境光反射至吸光材料6，还能够对LED发光单元2的出射光进行角分布匀光，增加部分光的反射次数，以达到匀光效果。
关于图6c实施例的其他器件的描述，请参见图6a所示实施例的相应描述。
一般地，LED芯片的出射光不能保证其色度均匀性，具体表现为：从相对LED芯片的不同角度测量LED芯片发出的光线，得到的色坐标不同。例如传统的蓝光芯片+YAG荧光粉封装的白光LED芯片，其大角度出射光相对中心光束偏黄。在LED显示屏中，LED芯片同样存在该问题。但是通过矩阵遮光架的反射作用，矩阵遮光架相当于一个匀光棒， 对LED芯片的出射光进行了匀光，从而减弱了LED芯片的色偏差随角度的变化。
本发明通过使LED发光单元发出的光全部经镂空遮光栅格的反射层反射后出射，进一步提高了出射光的色坐标一致性。下面通过模拟实验进行证明。
一般地，采用CIE1976色坐标来衡量像素的颜色角度均匀性。大角度出射光的色坐标(u1’，v1’)和中心光束的色坐标(u0’，v0’)的距离(即色偏差)Du’v’通过下述公式来计算：
Figure PCTCN2019107988-appb-000001
在图12中，横轴为偏离LED显示屏法线(法线对应0度)的观看角度，纵轴为色偏差Du’v’，Du’v’的值越大，代表测量角度的光与0度的光的色差越大。
通过测试不同测量角度下的色偏差值，如图12所示的仿真结果可以看出，遮光架高度相同的情况下，与正面发光的LED发光单元(对应图12虚线)相比，本发明中侧面发光的LED(对应图12实线)在具有更好的混色效果，尤其是较大角度的观看视角。这使得本发明技术方案的LED显示屏具有更优异的可视角参数。
为了测试不同类型的镂空遮光栅格反射层对LED显示屏的出射光色偏差的影响，分别选取镜面反射层、朗伯反射层和高斯反射层进行了模拟实验。在图13中，横轴中所示的垂直角度(vertical angle)为观众或测量仪到像素的光线与LED显示屏的法线的夹角，纵轴为为色偏差Du’v’，其中，色偏差Du’v’越小且曲线越平滑，则混光效果更好。如图13所示的仿真结果可以看出，在遮光架高度相同的情况下，镜面反射层具有更好的混光效果。这同时也是由于镜面反射层的技术方案的抗环境光效果更好，能够减小环境杂光对检测结果的影响。
在图6a和图6c所示的实施例中，LED发光单元的LED芯片都是侧发光的方式贴装在基板1上，本发明通过额外增加光学结构，也能够将LED芯片正向发光贴装在基板1上。如图7所示，LED发光单元2(图中虚线框内的部分)的LED芯片2’以正向发光的方式贴装在基板1上，此外，LED发光单元2还包括一光引导装置2”，用于将LED芯片2’的 光反射，并最终将LED发光单元2的出射光引导朝向镂空遮光栅格3出射。
本实施例中，光引导装置2”包括一反射镜。可以理解，在其他变形实施方式中，光引导装置也可以替换为其他光学器件，如光导，只要能够实现将LED发光单元的出射光引导朝向镂空遮光栅格出射即可。
上述各实施例中，LED发光单元2都设置在像素单元的中心位置，可以理解，当LED发光单元为正向发光(直接朝向观众侧发光)的情况下，将其设置在像素单元的中心有利于出光均匀性。但是在本发明中，LED发光单元2并非直接朝向观众侧发光，LED显示屏的像素单元的出射光实际为经镂空遮光栅格的反射层多次反射后的光。因此，LED发光单元2并不一定要设置在像素单元的中心位置。
请参见图8a和图8b，为本发明又一实施例的LED显示屏的像素单元的侧剖图。与图6a所示的实施例不同之处在于，本实施例的LED发光单元2设置于所示像素单元的边缘位置，即设置于偏离其对应的镂空遮光栅格中心的位置。如图8b中，用虚线表示出发光单元2被覆盖在吸光材料6的下面，发光单元2位于像素单元的一个侧边的中间位置处。可以理解，发光单元2也可以位于其他位置，如角落等。
在该实施例中，不必限定LED发光单元在像素单元中的位置，极大的提高了产品实际制造中的良率。
请参见图8c，为图8a的变形实施例的LED显示屏的像素单元的侧剖图。与图8a不同的是，本实施例中，发光单元2设置在其对应的镂空遮光栅格3的下方。该技术方案一方面能够使得矩阵遮光架的高度降低(在光学扩散膜到基板的距离不变的情况下)，减少了材料消耗和整体重量；另一方面将发光单元2的背侧(即背离出光方向的一侧)隐藏在镂空遮光栅格3位置，减少了发光单元2背侧无发光带来的不均匀问题(当然，该不均匀问题可以通过增加矩阵遮光架的高度解决)，使得光能够充满整个像素单元的内部空间。
以上各实施方式中，图示中的LED发光单元包括一个LED芯片，可以理解，也可以将其替换为多个LED芯片，或者多芯片集成封装的LED。请参见图9a和图9b，为本发明又一实施例的LED显示屏的像素 单元的侧剖图。与上述实施例不同之处仅在于，该两种实施方式中的LED发光单元包括RGB三色芯片，图中虚线框内示出了LED发光单元。其中，图9a的实施例中，LED发光单元2a的RGB三色芯片分别独立设置，各个LED芯片的朝向观众侧的表面涂覆有吸光材料6；图9b的实施例中，LED发光单元2b的RGB三色芯片封装在一个结构中，整体的朝向观众侧的表面涂覆有吸光材料6。在图9a和图9b中，LED发光单元的发光方向朝向纸面向内或向外，示意光线未画出。
可以理解，虽然图9a和9b示出的实施方式中，LED发光单元包括RGB三个LED芯片，但是在本发明的其他实施方式中，也可以为任意数量、任意颜色类型的LED芯片的组合。
请参见图10a和图10b，为本发明又一实施例的LED显示屏的像素单元的侧剖图。在该实施方式中，与上述各实施例不同之处在于，LED发光单元2包括多个LED芯片，且不同的LED芯片朝向LED发光单元2对应的镂空遮光栅格的不同侧面发光。
其中根据图10b，发光单元2包括四个LED芯片——2-1、2-2、2-3和2-4，以虚线表示其被覆盖在吸光材料6的下方。受剖面影响，在图10a中仅示出了两个LED芯片2-1和2-2。在该实施方式中，发光单元2的四个LED芯片分别朝向镂空遮光栅格3的四个侧面发光，使得像素单元能够在更短的传播距离获得足够的光分布均匀性。
进一步优选地，发光单元2所包含的多个LED芯片为多色LED芯片，且同一颜色的LED芯片相对于像素单元的中心呈对称分布。该技术方案能够进一步提高颜色均匀性。例如，如图10b中，2-1和2-2可以都是绿光LED，以使得绿光的光分布在像素单元中更加均匀。
可以理解，朝向镂空遮光栅格的一个侧面发射光的LED芯片可以包含多个子芯片。例如，LED芯片2-4可以包含蓝光LED子芯片和红光LED子芯片，使得LED芯片2-4同时出射红蓝光。
虽然如图10a和10b的实施例中，包含多个LED芯片的LED发光单元2设置在像素单元的中心位置，可以理解，在本发明的其他实施方式中，也可以将LED发光单元包含的多个LED芯片分离开，使得不同的LED芯片位于像素单元的边缘位置或镂空遮光栅格下方，并同时使得 不同的LED芯片朝向镂空遮光栅格的不同侧面出射光。单个LED芯片的位置设置可以参考如图8a和图8c的设计，此处不再赘述。
综上所述，根据本发明中上述的LED显示屏，能够通过LED阵列和光学扩散膜相结合的方式有效地提高LED显示屏的应用范围，提高LED发光单元的像素填充率，从而减少由于画面上颗粒感带来不柔和的问题，提高LED显示屏的显示效果，从而提高观众的视觉享受和体验。
另外，在本发明的LED显示屏中通过设置矩阵遮光架，能够防止在相邻像素之间产生串扰。
另外，本发明的LED显示屏中的LED发光单元朝向遮光架侧向发光，即使不使LED发光单元的尺寸减小，也能够提高像素的黑色填充率，从而提高显示屏的对比度。
本发明的LED显示屏具有优秀的对比度效果，尤其适于消费端的影院、客厅的应用场景，也能满足其他高端商用场景。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
本领域技术人员应当理解，依据设计要求和其他因素，可以在本发明随附的权利要求或其等同物的范围内进行各种修改、组合、次组合以及改变。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种LED显示屏，其特征在于，包括：
    LED阵列，其由多个LED发光单元组成，并用于发出光；
    光学扩散膜，其设置在所述LED阵列的光出射侧；
    矩阵遮光架，其包括多个镂空遮光栅格，所述镂空遮光栅格与所述LED发光单元一一对应；以及
    基板，其用于支撑所述LED阵列和所述矩阵遮光架，
    其中，所述LED发光单元发出的光穿过其对应的镂空遮光栅格后，透过所述光学扩散膜而扩散到观众侧，且所述LED发光单元朝向所述镂空遮光栅格发光。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述LED发光单元中朝向所述观众侧的表面上由吸光材料覆盖。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述LED发光单元还包括光引导装置，用于将所述LED发光单元发出的光引导朝向所述镂空遮光栅格出射。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，在所述镂空遮光栅格的侧壁上设置有反射层。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述反射层为漫反射层。
  6. 据权利要求4所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述反射层为镜面反射层。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述发光单元设置于偏离其对应的镂空遮光栅格中心的位置；或者，
    所述发光单元设置于其对应的镂空遮光栅格的下方。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述吸光材料还覆盖至少部分所述基板未设置所述LED发光单元的表面部分。
  9. 根据权利要求4所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述LED发光单元包括多个LED芯片，且所述多个LED芯片朝向该LED发光单元对应的镂空遮光栅格的不同侧面发光。
  10. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述光学扩散膜为体扩散膜，所述体扩散膜中设置有散射粒子，所述散射粒子为无机颗粒或者有机颗粒。
  11. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述光学扩散膜为表面扩散膜。
  12. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述光学扩散膜的扩散角度大于10度，且优选大于40度。
  13. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，所述光学扩散膜为各向同性的扩散膜或各向异性的扩散膜。
  14. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的LED显示屏，其特征在于，还包括偏振片，设置在所述LED阵列发出的光线所经过的光路上，包括交替排列的第一偏振区和第二偏振区阵列，所述LED阵列发出的光线经过第一偏振区形成第一偏振光，经过第二偏振区形成第二偏振光。
PCT/CN2019/107988 2018-09-28 2019-09-26 Led显示屏 Ceased WO2020063700A1 (zh)

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