WO2020058638A1 - Produit fondu polycristallin a base de brownmillerite - Google Patents
Produit fondu polycristallin a base de brownmillerite Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020058638A1 WO2020058638A1 PCT/FR2019/052191 FR2019052191W WO2020058638A1 WO 2020058638 A1 WO2020058638 A1 WO 2020058638A1 FR 2019052191 W FR2019052191 W FR 2019052191W WO 2020058638 A1 WO2020058638 A1 WO 2020058638A1
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- elements
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- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 69
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 46
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 25
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 9
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Pt+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- -1 M and M ’ Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960004543 anhydrous citric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002447 crystallographic data Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009837 dry grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-NJFSPNSNSA-N hydroxyformaldehyde Chemical compound O[14CH]=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009666 routine test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000018 strontium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003438 strontium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/26—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on ferrites
- C04B35/2608—Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising manganese, zinc, nickel, copper or cobalt and one or more ferrites of the group comprising rare earth metals, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or lead
- C04B35/2633—Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising manganese, zinc, nickel, copper or cobalt and one or more ferrites of the group comprising rare earth metals, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or lead containing barium, strontium or calcium
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/26—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on ferrites
- C04B35/2683—Other ferrites containing alkaline earth metals or lead
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/78—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/653—Processes involving a melting step
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
- H01M4/9025—Oxides specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
- H01M4/9033—Complex oxides, optionally doped, of the type M1MeO3, M1 being an alkaline earth metal or a rare earth, Me being a metal, e.g. perovskites
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
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- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
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- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
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- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
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- C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
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- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3213—Strontium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
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- C04B2235/3215—Barium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
- C04B2235/3227—Lanthanum oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
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Definitions
- the invention relates to polycrystalline materials based on brownmillerite, of chemical formula X y M z Fe t M ' u 0 2,5 , X being Ca or Sr or a mixture of Ca and Sr, in particular intended for a use in which the oxygen transport is necessary, in particular as a membrane for the separation of oxygen, as an electrode for a solid oxide cell (“Solid Oxide Fuel Cell” in English or “SOFC”), as a catalyst support, or even as a catalyst .
- Solid Oxide Fuel Cell in English or “SOFC”
- the brownmillerite phase CaFe0 2.5 or SrFe0 2, 5 being optionally doped with a dopant M and / or M ', with the aim of improving the ionic conductivity and / or the sinterability and / or the thermal and / or chemical stability.
- the dopant M can be in particular Ba, La or a mixture of these elements
- the dopant M ' can be Ti, Cu, Gd, Mn, Al, Sc, Ga, Mg, Ni, Zn, Pr, In, Co or a mixture of these elements.
- brownmillerites are generally produced by the following processes: - sol-gel, in particular by the Pechini process,
- An object of the invention is to satisfy, at least partially, this need. According to the invention, this object is achieved by means of a polycrystalline molten product based on brownmillerite, consisting, for more than 95% of its mass, of the elements Ca, Sr, Fe, O, M and M ', the contents said elements in said molten product being defined by the formula X y M z Fe t M ' u C> 2.5 , in which the atomic indices are such as 0.76 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 10, z ⁇ 0.21, 0.48 ⁇ t ⁇ 1, 10, u ⁇ 0.52, 0.95 ⁇ y + z ⁇ 1, 10, and 0.95 ⁇ t + u ⁇ 1, 10, X being Ca or Sr or a mixture of Ca and Sr, M being an element chosen from the group formed by La, Ba and their mixtures, M 'being an element chosen from the group formed by Ti, Cu, Gd, Mn, Al, Sc, Ga, Mg, Ni, Zn, Pr, In, Co, and mixture
- the summed contribution of Ti and Cu to the index u in the previous formula is less than or equal to 0.1.
- said elements other than Ca, Sr, Fe, M and M ’ are in the form of oxides for more than 95%, more than 99%, or even substantially 100% by mass.
- catalysis supports comprising or consisting of the products according to the invention are in particular remarkable in that the temperature necessary to reach a conversion rate equal to 50% in an oxidation reaction of CO to C0 2 is systematically lower than the temperature necessary to achieve this same rate with a support of the same composition obtained by a process other than melting. This property even appears to constitute a signature of the products according to the invention.
- the elements Ca, Sr, Fe, M, M 'and O combine in the form of at least one brownmillerite phase, or even other minority phases containing calcium and / or iron and / or strontium, in particular FeO, CaO, CaC0 3 , Fe, Fe 2 0 3 and SrC0 3 .
- a product according to the invention also comprises one, and preferably several, of the following optional characteristics:
- the element M is chosen from Ti, Cu, Ni, Co, Mn and their mixtures,
- the invention also relates to a powder comprising more than 90% or even 100% by mass of particles in a molten product as described above.
- a powder has a median size D 50 greater than 0.1 ⁇ m and less than 4 mm.
- these optional characteristics improve the catalytic properties, making the products according to the invention particularly well suited, after possible grinding, as a catalyst support or catalyst.
- the invention also relates to a powder comprising more than 90% by mass, or even more than 95%, or even substantially 100% of particles in a product according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to a manufacturing process comprising the following steps:
- step c) a) mixing of raw materials so as to form a starting charge suitable for obtaining, at the end of step c), a product according to the invention, b) melting the starting charge until obtaining a liquid mass, c) cooling until complete solidification of said liquid mass, so as to obtain a molten product according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to a product capable of being obtained by a process according to the invention.
- the invention finally relates to a device chosen from a membrane for the separation of oxygen, a catalytic membrane, an electrode for a solid oxide fuel cell, a catalyst support, a catalyst comprising or consisting of a product according to the invention, or of a powder according to the invention or of a product produced or capable of being produced by a process according to the invention.
- the invention relates to a catalytic support or catalyst comprising or consisting of a molten product as described above, or of a powder as described above, or of a product produced by a process such as previously described.
- the invention relates to a membrane for the separation of oxygen comprising or consisting of a molten product as described above, or of a powder as described above, or also of a product manufactured by a method as described above.
- the invention relates to an electrode for a SOFC solid oxide cell comprising or consisting of a molten product as described above, or of a powder as described above, or of a product manufactured by a process as described above.
- a product whose chemical composition is provided by the formula X y M z Fe t M ' u 0 2.5 should be distinguished from a phase of formula X y M z Fe t M' u 0 2.5 , in which this formula indicates the crystallographic structure of said phase.
- phase in particular one or more phases of formula X y M z Fe t M ' u 0 2.5 , in particular CaFe0 2.5 and SrFe0 2 5 ⁇
- the ICDD (“International Center for Diffraction Data”) files 00-018-0286 and 01-070-5778 make it possible to identify the angular domains of the diffraction peaks corresponding to the brownmillerite phase CaFe0 2.5 and the brownmillerite phase SrFe0 2 5 , respectively.
- the rate of brownmillerite phase and any secondary phases is determined, in weight percent based on all the detectable crystallized phases present in a product according to the invention, from an X-ray diffractogram performed on a powder. of said product according to the usual RIR method (Referenced Intensity Ratio) as described for example in the publications: "A standard test method for the determination of RIR values by x-ray diffraction", Walter N. Schreiner, Powder Diffraction, Vol. 10, No. 1, March 1995 or "The Use of Reference Intensity Ratios in X-Ray Quantitative Analysis", Robert L. Snyder, Powder Diffraction, Vol. 7, No. 4, December 1992.
- RIR method Reference Intensity Ratio
- the processing of the diagram obtained and the determination of the phases present in the product is carried out with the DIFFRAC EVA program and by the RIR method as indicated above.
- the intensities of the different phases are optimized to best match the experimental diffractogram.
- the RIR method is implemented from ICDD files of the best possible quality available for all the detectable phases (such as those whose reference was given previously) and notably presenting values of the l / l C orindon ratio, that is to say the ratio between the signal intensity of the ICDD file of a crystalline phase present in the product compared to a sample of corundum used as a standard.
- the sum of the rates of the brownmillerite phases present as determined by the RIR method is considered according to the invention, based on the ICDD sheets of the corresponding phases.
- the brownmillerite phase or phases present correspond to the generic formulation [Ca (1-X) Sr x ] y M z Fe t M ' u 0 2.5 with x 1 0 and x 1 1, we will consider the cumulative contributions of all the phases having a peak at a 2Q diffraction angle between 11 ° and 12 °, characteristic of the reflection on the plane [020] of said brownmillerite phase (s).
- the brownmillerite phase rate therefore takes account of all the Ca (iX) Sr x Fe0 2.5 phases in brownmillerite crystallographic form, with 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, in which an element M and / or M 'may be present.
- the contribution and the rate of the phases other than brownmillerite is determined according to the same protocol as previously explained by and the RIR method.
- the secondary phases are the phases detectable by X-ray diffraction other than the brownmillerite phases CaFe0 2.5 and SrFe0 2,5 -
- FeO, Fe 2 0 3 , SrC0 3 , CaC0 3 , Fe, SrFe0 2,75 , SrFe0 2,875 or CaO can be secondary phases identified on the X-ray diffraction diagram, in particular when the product X y M z Fe t M ' u 0 2,5 does not contain or substantially no element M and M'.
- the detection and identification of these phases is done on an X-ray diffraction diagram of said product, for example obtained from a device of the X’Pert PRO diffractometer type from the company Panalytical provided with a DX copper tube.
- the diffraction diagram is acquired from this equipment, on a 2Q angular range between 5 ° and 80 °, with a step of 0.017 °, and a counting time of 60s / step.
- the front optic has a programmable programmable 1/4 ° divergence slot, Soller slots of 0.04 rad, a mask equal to 10mm and a fixed anti-diffusion slot of 1/2 °.
- the sample is rotating on itself in order to limit the preferential orientations.
- the rear optic has a programmable anti-diffusion slot used fixed at 1/4 °, Soller slots of 0.04 rad and an Ni filter.
- molten product means a product obtained by melting a starting charge in the form of a liquid mass, then solidification of said liquid mass.
- particle is meant in particular a solid object passing through a square mesh screen with an opening equal to 10 mm.
- block is meant a solid object which is not a particle.
- a “median size” of a powder is called the particle size corresponding to a mass percentage of 50%, on the cumulative particle size distribution curve of the particle sizes of the powder, the particle sizes being classified in ascending order.
- the median size can be determined using a particle size distribution carried out using a laser granulometer.
- Impurities the inevitable constituents, introduced involuntarily and necessarily with the raw materials or resulting from reactions with these constituents. Impurities are not necessary constituents, but are only tolerated.
- oxide of a most stable element is meant the oxide of said thermodynamically most stable element at 20 ° C.
- precursor of a compound or of an element is meant a constituent capable of providing said compound or element, respectively, during the implementation of a manufacturing process according to the invention.
- precursor a constituent capable of providing said compound or element, respectively, during the implementation of a manufacturing process according to the invention.
- indices x, y , z, t, u and 2.5 are atomic indices
- a molten product according to the invention is preferably obtained by melting a starting charge, pouring the liquid mass, preferably in a mold or in the form of a net, then solidification.
- the chemistry and the amount of brownmillerite phase, in particular the brownmillerite phase content of a product according to the invention depend in particular on the composition of the starting charge prepared in step a).
- a starting charge for manufacturing a molten product according to the invention is formed from calcium and / or strontium compounds, iron, and optionally of element M and / or M ′, in particular in the form of oxides and / or carbonates and / or hydroxides, and / or precursors of the elements calcium and / or strontium, iron and M and / or M '.
- the composition of the starting charge can be adjusted by adding oxides or mixtures of oxides and / or precursors, in particular of CaO, CaC0 3 , SrO, SrC0 3 , Fe 2 0 3 , oxide (s) of M elements, oxide (s) of M 'elements, carbonate (s) of M elements, carbonate (s) of M' elements, hydroxide (s) of M elements, hydroxide (s) of the elements M '.
- oxides and / or carbonates and / or hydroxides improves the availability of oxygen necessary for the formation of brownmillerite phase and its electroneutrality, and is therefore preferred.
- At least one, or even all the iron elements, M and M ’ are introduced into the starting charge in the form of oxides.
- oxide powders are used to provide the elements iron, M and M ’, and a carbonate powder to provide the element calcium and / or the element strontium.
- the compounds providing the elements calcium and / or strontium, iron, M and M ' are chosen from CaO, CaC0 3 , SrO, SrC0 3 , Fe 2 0 3 , of oxide (s) of the elements M, d' oxide (s) of the elements M ', carbonate (s) of the elements M, carbonate (s) of the elements M'.
- these compounds represent, together with the impurities, 100% of the constituents of the starting charge.
- the sum of CaO, CaC0 3 , SrO, SrC0 3 , Fe 2 0 3 , oxide (s) of the M elements, oxide (s) of the M 'elements, carbonate (s) of the elements M, of carbonate (s) of the elements M 'and their precursors represents more than 99% by weight of the starting charge.
- the amounts of calcium and / or strontium, iron, element M and element M ’of the starting charge are mainly found in the molten product produced. If a part of the constituents can volatilize during the melting stage, depending on the melting conditions, from his general knowledge, or by simple routine tests, the skilled person knows how to adapt the amount of these constituents in the starting charge depending on the content it wishes to find in the molten products and the merger conditions implemented.
- the molar proportions of the elements calcium, strontium, iron, M and M ’in the starting charge are close to those of the molten brownmillerite product which it is desired to manufacture.
- the molar contents c, s, f, m and n of the elements calcium, strontium, iron, M and M ', respectively, in percentages molars based on the sum of the contents c, s, f, m and n meet the following conditions:
- x, y, z, t, u can take the values defined in this description, in particular 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0.76 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 10, z ⁇ 0.21, 0.48 ⁇ t ⁇ 1, 10, u ⁇ 0.52, 0.95 ⁇ y + z ⁇ 1, 10, and 0.95 £ t + u £ 1, 10, and k 3 0.9, preferably> 0.95, and / or
- k’-i 0.9, preferably> 0.95, and / or
- k ' 2 ⁇ 1.1, preferably ⁇ 1.05, and / or
- these values of k 1; k ' l k ” l k”, k' ”, k 2 , k ' 2 , k” 2 , k' ” 2 and k” ” 2 are those to be adopted under established operating conditions, ie in outside the transition stages between different compositions and outside the start-up stages. Indeed, if the desired product involves a change in composition of the feedstock compared to that used to manufacture the previous product, account must be taken of the residues of the previous product in the oven. Those skilled in the art, however, know how to adapt the starting charge accordingly.
- the particle sizes of the powders used in the feedstock can be those commonly encountered in melting processes.
- An intimate mixing of the raw materials can be carried out in a mixer. This mixture is then poured into a melting furnace.
- step b) the starting charge is melted.
- the energy is between 1500 and 2800 kWh / T, preferably between 1600 and 2300 kWh / T.
- Electrofusion indeed allows the production of large quantities of molten product with attractive yields.
- neither a plasma torch nor a heat gun is used.
- the methods using a plasma torch or a heat gun do not always make it possible to manufacture molten particles. Even in the case of fusion, they generally do not make it possible to manufacture molten particles of size greater than 200 microns, and at the very least greater than 500 microns.
- the fusion can be carried out in a reducing, neutral or oxygenated environment, preferably in an oxygenated environment, preferably still in air.
- the starting charge is in the form of a liquid mass, which may possibly contain a few solid particles, but in an amount insufficient for them to be able to structure said mass.
- a liquid mass must be contained in a container.
- step c) comprises the following steps:
- molten product according to the invention in particular manufactured according to this first embodiment, can be present at the end of step c) in the form of particles of size less than 5 mm, or even less than 1 mm, or even less than 500 pm, or even less than 200 pm, or even less than 100 pm.
- step c ⁇ a stream of the molten liquid, at a temperature preferably higher than the melting temperature of the product according to the invention, preferably higher than 1400 ° C is dispersed in liquid droplets.
- step Ci) said liquid mass is brought into contact with a fluid, preferably oxygenated, preferably a gas, preferably air.
- the oxygenated fluid preferably has a volume oxygen content greater than 20% by volume.
- step c 2 the liquid droplets are transformed into solid particles by contact with an oxygenated fluid, preferably a gas, preferably air.
- the oxygenated fluid preferably has a volume oxygen content greater than 20% by volume.
- the method is adapted so that, as soon as it is formed, the droplet of molten liquid is in contact with the oxygenated fluid.
- the dispersion (step c ⁇ ) and the solidification (step c 2 )) are substantially simultaneous, the liquid mass being dispersed by an oxygenated fluid, preferably a gas, preferably air, capable of cooling and solidify this liquid.
- contact with the oxygenated fluid is maintained at least until the droplets have completely solidified.
- Air blowing at room temperature is possible.
- step c 2 solid particles are generally obtained which have a size of between 0.01 mm and 5 mm, depending on the dispersion conditions.
- step c) comprises the following steps:
- step Ci the liquid mass is poured into a mold capable of withstanding the bath of molten liquid.
- molds are used in graphite, cast iron, or as defined in US 3,993,119. In the case of an induction furnace, the turn is considered to constitute a mold.
- the casting is preferably carried out in air.
- step c 2 ' the liquid mass poured into the mold is cooled until a block at least partially solidified is obtained.
- the liquid mass is brought into contact with a fluid, preferably oxygenated, preferably gaseous, preferably with air.
- a fluid preferably oxygenated, preferably gaseous, preferably with air.
- This contacting can be carried out from the casting.
- contact with the oxygenated fluid preferably begins only after demolding, preferably as soon as possible after demolding.
- the oxygenated fluid preferably comprises at least 20% by volume of oxygen.
- contact is maintained with the oxygenated fluid until the block has solidified completely.
- step c 3 ' the block is removed from the mold. To facilitate bringing the liquid mass into contact with an oxygenated fluid, it is preferable to unmold the block as quickly as possible, if possible before complete solidification. Solidification therefore continues in step c 3 ').
- the block is removed from the mold as soon as it has sufficient rigidity to substantially retain its shape, and contact with the oxygenated fluid is then immediately started.
- the molten product obtained is crushed and / or ground so as to reduce the size of the pieces, preferably until a powder of molten particles is obtained having a median size D 50 of less than 4 mm, less than 3 mm, less than 2 mm, less than 1 mm, less than 0.5 mm, less than 0.25 mm, less than 0.1 mm and preferably more than 0.1 ⁇ m.
- All types of crushers and grinders can be used to reduce the size of the pieces.
- an attrition mill can be used after having carried out a first grinding in an air jet mill or in a ball mill .
- water is not used.
- an alcohol is used, preferably an ethanol and / or a propanol.
- an air jet mill or a ball mill is preferably used.
- a particle size selection is then made, depending on the intended application, for example by sieving, in particular so that the particle powder obtained has in particular a median size greater than 0.1 ⁇ m and less than 4 mm .
- the powder of molten particles can also undergo, in particular after step d), an additional step intended to form atomisates, agglomerates or aggregates.
- a product according to the invention in particular produced according to a process according to the invention, may have a composition having one or more of the following characteristics:
- the brownmillerite phase content that is to say the weight percentage of brownmillerite phase (s) based on all of the crystallized phases present in the molten product, is greater than 50% , preferably higher than 55%, preferably higher than 60%, preferably higher than 70%, preferably higher than 80%, preferably higher than 85%, even higher than 90%, even higher than 95%, even higher 98%;
- u ⁇ 0.5 preferably u ⁇ 0.45, preferably u ⁇ 0.4, preferably u ⁇ 0.35, preferably u ⁇ 0.3, preferably u ⁇ 0.25, preferably u ⁇ 0.2, preferably u ⁇ 0.15, preferably u ⁇ 0.1, preferably u ⁇ 0.08, preferably u ⁇ 0.05 and / or u> 0.01;
- X Ca (1-x) Sr x , with 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.
- x ⁇ 0.1, preferably x ⁇ 0.05 the stability of the brownmillerite phase, especially during the use in catalysis is advantageously improved, or preferably x> 0.9, of preferably x> 0.95, the catalytic performance is advantageously improved.
- x 0.
- x 1;
- more than 80%, preferably more than 85%, preferably more than 90%, preferably more than 95% of the total atomic proportion z of element M, is constituted by an atomic species unique
- the element M ' is chosen from Ti, Cu, Ni, Co, Mn and their mixtures;
- the sum of the atomic indices of Ti and Cu is less than or equal to 0.08, preferably less than or equal to 0.07, preferably less than or equal to 0.05;
- more than 80%, preferably more than 85%, preferably more than 90% of the total atomic proportion u of element M ' is constituted by one or by two atomic species, preferably by a single atomic species;
- the total mass content of elements other than Ca, Sr, Fe, M, M 'and O is less than 4%, preferably less than 3%, preferably less than 2%, preferably less than 1% , preferably less than 0.7%, preferably less than 0.4%, in percentage based on the mass of the product;
- M and / or M ’ can be introduced into the starting charge to melt as traces in a raw material.
- the atomic indices z and u take account of these additions.
- the total mass content of elements other than Ca, Sr, Fe, M, M 'and O is less than 3%, preferably less than 2%, preferably less than 1%, preferably less than 0.7%, preferably less than 0.4%, as a percentage based on the mass of the product.
- the total mass content of elements other than Ca, Sr, Fe, M, M 'and O is less than 3%, preferably less than 2%, preferably less than 1%, preferably less than 0.7%, preferably less than 0.4%, as a percentage based on the mass of the product.
- the total mass content of elements other than Ca, Sr, Fe, M, M 'and O is less than 3%, preferably less than 2%, preferably less than 1%, preferably less than 0.7%, preferably less than 0.4%, as a percentage based on the mass of the product.
- the total mass content of elements other than Ca, Sr, Fe, M, M 'and O is less than 3%, preferably less than 2%, preferably less than 1%, preferably less than 0.7%, preferably less than 0.4%, as a percentage based on the mass of the product.
- the mass content of each element except oxygen is measured by chemical analysis.
- the mass oxygen content, Q 0 is considered to constitute the complement to 100%.
- Elements other than Ca, Sr, Fe, M and M ' are expressed in the form of their respective most stable oxide if such an oxide exists or in the elementary form in the contrary case.
- the amount of sodium is expressed as Na 2 0, and the amount of chlorine or fluorine is equal to the mass content of Cl or F, respectively.
- the quantity of oxygen necessary to express the mass contents of the elements other than Ca, Sr, Fe, M and M ', in the form of the most stable oxides, Q' 0 is subtracted from the mass content of oxygen Q 0 .
- a product according to the invention can in particular be in the form of a particle.
- the invention also relates to a powder comprising more than 90% by mass, or even more than 95%, or even substantially 100% of particles in a product according to the invention.
- the median size of the powder is preferably greater than 0.1 ⁇ m and / or less than 4 mm, less than 3 mm, less than 2 mm, less than 1 mm, less than 0.5 mm, less than 0.25 mm, less than 0.1 mm.
- the median size of the powder is between 0.5 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m.
- the powder according to the invention comprises atomisats, conventionally in the form of granules, and / or aggregates and / or agglomerates of particles according to the invention.
- a product according to the invention in particular in the form of a powder, or produced or capable of being produced by a process according to the invention can advantageously be used to manufacture a membrane for the separation of oxygen, a catalytic membrane , an electrode for a solid oxide fuel cell, a catalyst support, a catalyst.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are produced chemically in the following manner.
- an iron oxide powder comprising more than 99% by mass of Fe 2 0 3 , the median size of which is 0.34 ⁇ m;
- Example 3 a powder comprising more than 99% by mass of calcium carbonate CaCO 3 , the median size of which is 1.85 ⁇ m;
- a powder comprising more than 99% by mass of strontium carbonate SrC0 3 , the median size of which is equal to 4.3 ⁇ m.
- the starting charge of a mass of 5 kg was poured into a Hérault-type arc melting furnace. It was then melted following a fusion with a voltage of 120 Volts and an applied energy substantially equal to 2000 kWh / T, in order to melt the whole mixture completely and homogeneously.
- the blowing cooled these droplets and froze them in the form of molten particles.
- the molten particles of Examples 3 and 4 were received in a tank.
- the chemical analysis was carried out by X-ray fluorescence on a pearl of the product to be analyzed, made by melting the product with lithium borate.
- the determination of the brownmillerite phase level was carried out on samples which, after dry grinding, had a median size of less than 40 ⁇ m.
- the specific surface is measured by the BET method (Brunauer Emmet Teller) described in Journal of American Chemical Society 60 (1938), pages 309 to 316.
- the median size is measured using a Partica LA-950 laser particle size analyzer from the company HORIBA.
- the X-ray diffraction patterns of the products of Examples 3 and 4 do not show, at the low angles, a halo characteristic of the presence of an amorphous phase.
- Example 1 and 2 outside the invention, and 3 and 4, according to the invention, were used in the manufacture of catalytic systems as catalyst support, platinum being used as catalyst, the mass quantity of platinum being substantially equal to 0.99%, based on the mass of the catalyst support and the platinum.
- the preparation of the catalytic systems was carried out by impregnating the powder of each example with a solution of platinum nitrate Pt (N0 3 ) 2 - This method, simple to implement, is well known to those skilled in the art. After suspending the powder in the platinum nitrate solution, it is left in an ultrasonic bath for 30 minutes at room temperature. The various impregnated powders are dried in a rotary evaporator at 47 ° C. at a pressure of 130 mbar for 3 h. The various impregnated powders are then calcined in air at 500 ° C. for a holding time at this temperature equal to 2 hours, with a rate of temperature rise equal to 10 ° C./min and a descent at an uncontrolled speed.
- the powders are compacted on a hand press so as to form a pellet.
- the pellet is then broken using a pestle mortar, and the powder obtained is sieved so as to recover the catalytic system corresponding to the fraction of powder not passing through a mesh screen. square with an opening of 125 ⁇ m and passing through a square mesh screen with an opening of 250 ⁇ m.
- Catalytic tests were then carried out with each catalytic system, on an oxidation reaction of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide (CO + 1 ⁇ 2 0 2 ⁇ C0 2 ), in an open reactor with a fixed bed passing through Quartz, and at atmospheric pressure, according to the following procedure: 200 mg of the catalytic system (in this case the powder of Examples 1 * , 2 * , 3 and 4, impregnated with platinum) are placed in the reactor.
- a first step in reducing powders consists in injecting a flow of 10 l / h of a mixture of 40% hydrogen and 60% argon by volume in a cycle having a rise speed equal to 10 ° C / min up to a temperature equal to 300 ° C and maintenance at this temperature equal to 1 hour. The temperature is lowered under helium at the speed of the inertia of the furnace up to ambient temperature.
- a first catalytic cycle is carried out, consisting of a rise at a speed equal to 2 ° C / min up to a temperature equal to 350 ° C, a maintenance at 350 ° C for 10 minutes, then a descent to room temperature at speed of inertia of the reactor.
- a reaction mixture of 6000 ppm of CO and 10,000 ppm of oxygen diluted in helium is injected into the reactor at a total flow rate equal to 10 l / h.
- the descent is carried out under helium, the helium flow being equal to 1 l / h.
- the rate of conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide, in% is defined as the ratio of the amount of carbon monoxide that has reacted to the amount of carbon monoxide introduced into the reactor, the amount of carbon monoxide that has reacted being equal to the amount of carbon monoxide introduced into the reactor minus the amount of carbon monoxide leaving the unreacted reactor.
- the quantity of carbon monoxide leaving the unreacted reactor and the quantity of carbon dioxide leaving the reactor are measured during the entire catalytic cycle by means of gas phase micro-chromatography with thermal conductivity detector, equipped with two columns in parallel, and at the rate of a sampling every 235 seconds.
- a second catalytic cycle, then a third catalytic cycle are carried out under the same conditions.
- Example 1 outside the invention
- Example 2 outside the invention
- Example 4 according to the invention
- the powder according to the invention makes it possible to improve the catalytic performance.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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JP2021512865A JP7461341B2 (ja) | 2018-09-20 | 2019-09-19 | ブラウンミラライト系多結晶溶融生成物 |
CN201980061668.8A CN112955418A (zh) | 2018-09-20 | 2019-09-19 | 基于钙铁石的多晶熔合产品 |
BR112021003950A BR112021003950A2 (pt) | 2018-09-20 | 2019-09-19 | Produto fundido policristalino com base em brownmillerita |
US17/275,539 US11912626B2 (en) | 2018-09-20 | 2019-09-19 | Brownmillerite-based polycrystalline fused product |
EP19794605.6A EP3853188A1 (fr) | 2018-09-20 | 2019-09-19 | Produit fondu polycristallin a base de brownmillerite |
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FR1858500A FR3086282B1 (fr) | 2018-09-20 | 2018-09-20 | Produit fondu polycristallin a base de brownmillerite |
FR1858500 | 2018-09-20 |
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US (1) | US11912626B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3853188A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP7461341B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN112955418A (fr) |
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CN102836719B (zh) * | 2012-07-24 | 2015-08-05 | 浙江树人大学 | 一种钙钛矿型光催化剂的制备方法及其制品 |
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DE3741888A1 (de) * | 1987-12-10 | 1989-06-22 | Asea Brown Boveri | Katalysator und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
US6017504A (en) | 1998-07-16 | 2000-01-25 | Universite Laval | Process for synthesizing perovskites using high energy milling |
EP1408018A1 (fr) * | 2002-10-09 | 2004-04-14 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Oxide de structure perovskite supporté et leur préparation |
CN100335415C (zh) * | 2003-02-28 | 2007-09-05 | 新加坡纳米材料科技有限公司 | 一种制备各种晶态钙钛矿类化合物粉体的方法 |
FR2857355B1 (fr) * | 2003-07-11 | 2007-04-20 | Air Liquide | Materiau perovskite, procede de preparation et utilisation dans un reacteur catalytique membranaire |
US20050201919A1 (en) * | 2004-03-11 | 2005-09-15 | National Cheng Kung University | Materials for cathode in solid oxide fuel cells |
JP2006108598A (ja) | 2004-10-08 | 2006-04-20 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | 熱電酸化物材料 |
US7438889B2 (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2008-10-21 | University Of South Carolina | Use of complex metal oxides in the autothermal generation of hydrogen |
EP1795260A1 (fr) | 2005-12-07 | 2007-06-13 | L'AIR LIQUIDE, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Catalyseur constitué d'un support solide, d'un oxyde, et d'une phase active métallique greffée sur l'oxyde, procédé pour sa préparation et application |
FR2925486B1 (fr) * | 2007-12-21 | 2011-07-01 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Procede de fabrication d'un produit fondu a base de lanthane et de manganese |
ES2710074T3 (es) * | 2014-01-31 | 2019-04-22 | Univ Hokkaido Nat Univ Corp | Batería secundaria de zinc/aire, y electrodo de aire |
CN106165171B (zh) * | 2014-03-31 | 2018-12-11 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | 多孔集电体和燃料电池 |
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CN102836719B (zh) * | 2012-07-24 | 2015-08-05 | 浙江树人大学 | 一种钙钛矿型光催化剂的制备方法及其制品 |
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JP2022501294A (ja) | 2022-01-06 |
FR3086282B1 (fr) | 2020-09-25 |
BR112021003950A2 (pt) | 2022-07-12 |
US20220033310A1 (en) | 2022-02-03 |
EP3853188A1 (fr) | 2021-07-28 |
JP7461341B2 (ja) | 2024-04-03 |
US11912626B2 (en) | 2024-02-27 |
FR3086282A1 (fr) | 2020-03-27 |
CN112955418A (zh) | 2021-06-11 |
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