WO2020049755A1 - 加速器、およびそれを備えた粒子線治療システム - Google Patents

加速器、およびそれを備えた粒子線治療システム Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020049755A1
WO2020049755A1 PCT/JP2019/005849 JP2019005849W WO2020049755A1 WO 2020049755 A1 WO2020049755 A1 WO 2020049755A1 JP 2019005849 W JP2019005849 W JP 2019005849W WO 2020049755 A1 WO2020049755 A1 WO 2020049755A1
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Prior art keywords
magnetic field
frequency
accelerator
shim
coil
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
隆光 羽江
孝道 青木
孝義 関
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Hitachi Ltd
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Hitachi Ltd
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Priority to US17/057,161 priority Critical patent/US20210196984A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1077—Beam delivery systems
    • A61N5/1081—Rotating beam systems with a specific mechanical construction, e.g. gantries
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1077—Beam delivery systems
    • A61N5/1078—Fixed beam systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H13/00—Magnetic resonance accelerators; Cyclotrons
    • H05H13/005—Cyclotrons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H13/00—Magnetic resonance accelerators; Cyclotrons
    • H05H13/02—Synchrocyclotrons, i.e. frequency modulated cyclotrons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
    • H05H7/04—Magnet systems, e.g. undulators, wigglers; Energisation thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
    • H05H7/10—Arrangements for ejecting particles from orbits
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N2005/1085—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy characterised by the type of particles applied to the patient
    • A61N2005/1087—Ions; Protons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H2277/00—Applications of particle accelerators
    • H05H2277/10—Medical devices
    • H05H2277/11—Radiotherapy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an accelerator and a particle beam therapy system including the accelerator.
  • Patent Literature 1 discloses a hill region which is provided in a pair with a beam orbit around the beam and has a plurality of convex portions and a plurality of concave portions alternately arranged in a circumferential direction, and is sandwiched between the convex portions.
  • a pair of magnetic poles forming a valley region sandwiched between the concave portions along the orbit, a dee electrode provided in the valley region, and a beam in at least one valley region other than the valley region provided with the dee electrode
  • a high-frequency generator for generating a high-frequency electric field for accelerating the beam.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses that an accelerator capable of efficiently emitting ion beams having different energies includes a return yoke and a vacuum container, and an incidence electrode is arranged such that a beam exit path in the return yoke is located at a position closer to the center axis of the vacuum container.
  • the magnetic poles are arranged radially from the incident electrode around the incident electrode in the return yoke, the concave portions are alternately arranged with the magnetic poles in the circumferential direction of the return yoke, and in the vacuum vessel, An orbital concentric area where a plurality of beam orbits centered on the incident electrode is present, and an orbital eccentric area where a plurality of beam orbits eccentric from the incident electrode are formed around this area, and an orbital eccentric area
  • the beam trajectory becomes dense between the entrance electrode and the entrance of the beam exit path, and the 180 ° counter to the entrance of the beam exit path starts from the entrance electrode. Accelerator spacing between the beam orbit each other becomes wider on the side is described.
  • JP 2014-160613 A WO 2016/092621
  • a feature of cyclotrons and synchrocyclotrons is that a beam circulating in a static magnetic field is accelerated by a high-frequency electric field.
  • the beam increases its radius of curvature as it accelerates, moves to an outer trajectory, and is extracted after reaching its maximum energy. Therefore, the energy of the extracted beam is basically fixed.
  • a synchrotron orbits a fixed orbit by changing the frequency of the magnetic field of an electromagnet that deflects the beam and the frequency of a high-frequency electric field that accelerates it over time. Therefore, it is possible to extract the beam before reaching the designed maximum energy, and the extraction energy is variable.
  • a variable energy accelerator is characterized in that a beam orbiting in a magnetic field is accelerated by a high-frequency electric field, but the beam trajectory is decentered in one direction with the acceleration.
  • the cyclotron described in Patent Literature 1 and the variable energy accelerator described in Patent Literature 2 are types of accelerators that accelerate a beam circulating in a main magnetic field with a high-frequency electric field.
  • a main magnetic field distribution having this property is called an isochronous magnetic field.
  • the magnetic field is modulated along the orbit to ensure beam stability in the orbit plane and in the direction perpendicular to the orbit plane.
  • the main magnetic field distribution needs a maximum part (Hill) and a minimum part (Valley).
  • the non-uniform magnetic field with this distribution can be formed by making the distance (gap) between the opposing magnetic poles of the main electromagnet narrow in the Hill region and wide in the Valley region.
  • the difference between the Hill magnetic field and the Valley magnetic field is practically limited to the saturation magnetic flux density of the magnetic pole material which is a ferromagnetic material. That is, the difference between the Hill magnetic field and the Valley magnetic field is limited to about 2T.
  • the present invention provides a compact accelerator capable of extracting a beam of variable energy and a particle beam therapy system including the accelerator.
  • the present invention includes a plurality of means for solving the above problems, but to give an example, a main magnetic field, and an accelerator that accelerates the beam by a frequency-modulated high-frequency electric field, frequency modulation is possible,
  • An accelerating radio frequency application device for applying an accelerating radio frequency for accelerating the beam, an accelerating radio frequency different from the accelerating radio frequency, an extraction radio frequency application device for applying an extraction radio frequency for extracting a beam, and a magnetic field component having two or more poles
  • a septum electromagnet having a turbulent magnetic field region forming section that forms a turbulent magnetic field region composed of a high-order magnetic field including at least a quadrupole magnetic field component, a magnetic shim, and a septum coil.
  • FIG. 5 is a bird's-eye view of the high-frequency kicker as viewed from an arrow B shown in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a cross section taken along line A-A ′ in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 7 is a magnetic field distribution diagram on a straight line r in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating another example of a cross section taken along line A-A ′ in FIG. 2. It is a figure showing the section structure of the septum electromagnet with which the circular accelerator of an example is provided. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the exciting current of the septum coil which comprises the septum electromagnet with which the circular accelerator of an Example is provided, and the extraction beam energy.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating another example of a cross section taken along line A-A ′ in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating another example of a cross section taken along line A-A ′ of FIG. 2. It is a figure showing an operation pattern of a circular accelerator of an example.
  • the circular accelerator 39 of this embodiment accelerates protons with a high-frequency electric field whose frequency is temporally modulated in the main magnetic field 2 (see FIG. 9) having a constant intensity.
  • the energy of the extracted beam is 70 [MeV].
  • the variable is -235 [MeV].
  • the particles to be accelerated are not limited to protons, but can accelerate heavy ions such as carbon and helium and electrons.
  • FIG. 1 shows the external appearance of the circular accelerator 39
  • the circular accelerator 39 has an outer shell formed by a main electromagnet 40 which can be divided into upper and lower parts, and the inner side serving as a beam acceleration area is evacuated.
  • the input coupler 20 and the rotary condenser 30 are provided on the outer peripheral side of the circular accelerator 39.
  • the circular accelerator 39 uses this rotary capacitor 30 to frequency-modulate the high-frequency acceleration voltage.
  • An ion source 53 is provided above the main electromagnet 40, and a beam enters the inside of the circular accelerator 39 through a low energy beam transport system 54.
  • a microwave ion source, an ECR ion source, or the like can be applied.
  • the ion source may be arranged inside the vacuumed beam acceleration region inside the main electromagnet 40, and in that case, a PIG type ion source or the like can be applied.
  • the main electromagnet 40 includes a main magnetic pole 38 (see FIG. 6 and the like), a return yoke 41, a main coil 42, and the like.
  • the return yoke 41 has a plurality of through-holes, of which a beam through-hole 46 for extracting an accelerated beam, a coil through-hole 48 for drawing out an internal coil conductor to the outside, a vacuum evacuation through-hole 49, and a high-frequency acceleration air
  • a high-frequency through-hole 50 for the body is provided on the connection surface of the upper and lower main electromagnets 40.
  • the high-frequency accelerating cavity is a ⁇ / 2 resonance cavity, and includes a dee electrode 12, a dummy dee electrode 13, an outer conductor 15, an input coupler 20, a rotating capacitor 30, and the like.
  • the rotating capacitor 30 is a device for modulating the resonance frequency of the high-frequency accelerating cavity, and includes a fixed electrode 32 connected to the inner conductor 14, a rotating electrode 33 connected to the outer conductor 15, a motor 31, and the like.
  • the rotating capacitor 30 is driven by the motor 31, the facing area of the fixed electrode 32 and the rotating electrode 33 changes, so that the capacitance changes and the resonance frequency of the high-frequency acceleration cavity can be changed.
  • an acceleration high frequency for accelerating the beam is generated by generating a frequency-modulated acceleration voltage in the acceleration gap 11 between the D electrode 12 and the dummy D electrode 13.
  • the shape of the acceleration gap 11 shown in FIG. 2 shows a case where the number of harmonics is 1, and is formed according to the beam orbit shape. Further, by changing the shape of the tip of the rotating electrode 33 or the fixed electrode 32, a modulation pattern of a resonance frequency suitable for beam acceleration can be obtained.
  • an annular main coil 42 is provided inside the circular accelerator 39 along the inner wall of the return yoke 41.
  • the main coil 42 is a superconducting coil in which a cryostat is provided around the coil, but a normal conducting coil can also be used.
  • a main magnetic pole 38 is provided inside the main coil 42, and forms a magnetic field distribution suitable for beam circling and extraction with a trim coil (not shown) provided on the surface of the main magnetic pole 38.
  • the incident point 52 of the beam to be accelerated can be arranged near the center of the circular accelerator 39, in this embodiment, the incident point 52 is shifted from the center of the circular accelerator 39 to the emission side, and the beam trajectory is changed to the coil through hole.
  • the configuration in the case of being eccentric to the 48 side is shown.
  • ⁇ The trajectory of each energy is shown in Fig. 3.
  • the orbits of 50 kinds of energies are shown by solid lines at every magnetic stiffness of 0.04 [Tm] from the maximum energy of 235 [MeV].
  • the dotted line is a line connecting the same orbital phase of each orbit, and is called an equi-orbital phase line.
  • the equal-circumference phase line is plotted for each orbital phase ⁇ / 20 from the aggregation area.
  • the acceleration gap 11 formed between the D electrode 12 and the dummy D electrode 13 facing the D electrode 12 is provided along an equal-circulation phase line.
  • the high-energy orbits When accelerated from, the high-energy orbits are densely gathered in the vicinity of the septum electromagnet 43 used for extraction, and conversely, in the vicinity of the position where the inner conductor 14 is installed, the orbits are in a positional relationship apart from each other.
  • a point where the orbits are densely gathered is called an aggregation area, and a discrete area is called a discrete area.
  • the circular accelerator 39 of the present embodiment uses a main magnetic field distribution in which the value of the magnetic field decreases toward the radially outer side of the design orbit. ing.
  • the magnetic field is constant along the design trajectory. Accordingly, the design trajectory becomes circular, and the trajectory radius and the orbiting time increase as the beam energy increases.
  • ⁇ represents the deflection radius of the design trajectory
  • B represents the magnetic field strength
  • ⁇ B / ⁇ r represents the magnetic field gradient in the radial direction.
  • n defined by the equation (1)
  • particles that are slightly displaced in the radial direction from the design trajectory return to the design trajectory.
  • the particles displaced in the direction perpendicular to the orbital plane also receive a restoring force from the main magnetic field 2 in a direction to return to the orbital plane.
  • the betatron frequency (horizontal tune) in the direction parallel to the orbit plane is set to a value smaller than 1 and close to 1.
  • the above-described main magnetic field distribution is excited by applying a predetermined exciting current to the main coil 42 and the trim coil.
  • the shape of the main magnetic pole 38 is symmetrical with respect to the orbital plane, and has only a magnetic field component in a direction perpendicular to the orbital plane on the orbital plane.
  • the main magnetic field 2 is a weakly focused magnetic field. For this reason, the main magnetic field 2 can be increased without being restricted by the Hill magnetic field and the Valley magnetic field in the AVF (Azimutally Varying Field) cyclotron of the isochronous magnetic field, so that the deflection radius of the beam orbit can be reduced. It is.
  • the AVF cyclotron is a method of synchronizing the rotation frequency of the accelerating particles with the acceleration frequency by shortening the orbital length of the particles by increasing the strength of the magnetic field as the radius increases, thereby shortening the rotation period. It is a cyclotron.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional configuration of the high frequency kicker 70.
  • FIG. 5 is a bird's-eye view of the high-frequency kicker 70 viewed from the direction B in FIG.
  • the high-frequency kicker 70 is a device for applying an extraction high-frequency for extracting a beam, and includes a ground electrode 71, a high-voltage electrode 72, and the like.
  • the extraction high frequency is different in frequency from the acceleration high frequency.
  • the ground electrode 71 and the high-voltage electrode 72 are installed so as to sandwich the maximum emission energy trajectory 80 and the minimum emission energy trajectory 81, and are orthogonal to the trajectory in the orbit plane.
  • the shape is determined so that a high-frequency electric field acts on the surface.
  • a metal projection 73 is attached to the ground electrode 71 so as to increase the concentration of a high-frequency electric field generated between the ground electrode 71 and the high-voltage electrode 72. Have been.
  • the high-voltage electrode 72 to which the high-frequency voltage is applied is insulated from the ground electrode 71.
  • the method of insulating support is not particularly limited, and a method of supporting with an insulating support (not shown) or the like can be considered.
  • the ground electrode 71 and the high-voltage electrode 72 have a cooling mechanism (not shown) for heat generated by high-frequency power supply.
  • Both the ground electrode 71 and the high voltage electrode 72 have passage openings 71A and 72A near the orbital surface through which the beam passes. These passages 71A and 72A are made wide enough to prevent beam collision in consideration of spread due to betatron oscillation in a direction perpendicular to the beam orbital plane.
  • the high-frequency kicker 70 has a shape in which the end faces on the entrance side and the exit side of the beam are open as shown in FIG. 4, but the end faces are closed with the ground electrode 71 except for the beam passage port 71A.
  • a cavity resonator structure may be used.
  • the high frequency kicker 70 may be arranged so that the electric field acts on both the minimum emission energy trajectory 81 and the maximum emission energy trajectory 80. However, it is desirable to arrange it near the beam exit path entrance 82 as shown in FIG.
  • the peeler magnetic field region 44 and the regenerator magnetic field region 45 are regions where a multipole magnetic field (disturbing magnetic field) acting on the beam exists.
  • the multipole magnetic field includes a magnetic field component having two or more poles and is composed of a higher-order magnetic field including at least a quadrupole magnetic field component. It should be noted that a multipolar magnetic field of four or more poles or a bipolar magnetic field may be included.
  • the peel magnetic field region 44 has a magnetic field gradient in a direction of weakening the main magnetic field 2 toward the radially outer peripheral side.
  • the regenerator magnetic field region 45 has a magnetic field gradient in the direction of strengthening the main magnetic field 2 toward the radially outer side. Note that, as the peeler magnetic field region 44, a region where the main magnetic field 2 in the magnetic pole end portion decreases can be used.
  • the peeler magnetic field region 44 and the regenerator magnetic field region 45 are arranged on the outer peripheral side of the maximum emission energy trajectory 80 in the azimuth regions sandwiching the beam emission path entrance 82. However, the peeler magnetic field region 44 is disposed on the upstream side with respect to the beam traveling direction, and the regenerator magnetic field region 45 is disposed on the downstream side with respect to the beam traveling direction.
  • the peeler magnetic field region 44 and the regenerative magnetic field region 45 are formed by disposing a plurality of magnetic pole pieces or coils made of a magnetic material or both of them with a non-magnetic material with respect to the main magnetic pole 38.
  • the coil may be arranged in a space different from the peeler magnetic field region 44 where the pole piece is arranged and the regenerator magnetic field region 45.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of such an arrangement. That is, the pole pieces are arranged in or around the peeler magnetic field region 44 and the regenerator magnetic field region 45, respectively.
  • the upstream coil 34 and the downstream coil 35 are arranged as shown in FIG.
  • the upstream coil 34 generates a magnetic field in a direction that weakens the main magnetic field 2
  • the downstream coil 35 generates a magnetic field in a direction that strengthens the main magnetic field 2.
  • FIG. 6, which is a view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 2, shows an example of the pole piece arrangement of the regenerator magnetic field region 45 when the upstream coil and the downstream coil are not used.
  • FIG. 7 shows a magnetic field distribution diagram on the straight line r in FIG.
  • the magnetic pole pieces include a magnetic field gradient shim 36 that generates a magnetic field gradient in the regenerator magnetic field region 45 and an unnecessary magnetic field gradient shim 36 that is generated on the inner peripheral side of the maximum emission energy orbit 80.
  • a magnetic field correction shim 37 for canceling the leakage magnetic field is used.
  • the main magnetic field 2 on the r-axis in FIG. 6 has a distribution as shown in FIG. 7, and the beam stably circulates to the maximum emission energy orbit.
  • FIG. 8 shows a case where an upstream coil or a downstream coil is used.
  • the downstream coil 35 is arranged in the regenerator magnetic field region 45, the downstream coil 35 is wound around a magnetic field gradient shim 36 which is a pole piece.
  • the upstream coil 34 is wound around a magnetic field gradient shim (not shown).
  • the septum electromagnet 43 includes an inner shim 3 of a magnetic material, an outer shim 4 of a magnetic material, a septum coil that conducts bipolar current, and a bipolar power supply 10.
  • the septum coil includes an inner septum coil conductor 5, an outer septum coil conductor 6, a coil conductor connector 7, and a coil outlet 8.
  • FIG. 9 shows a case where a septum coil is configured with one turn. That is, the inner septum coil conductor 5 and the outer septum coil conductor 6 are electrically connected by the coil conductor connecting portion 7 and electrically connected to the bipolar power supply 10 for coil excitation at the coil lead portion 8. Have been.
  • the coil conductor connection portion 7 and the coil outlet portion 8 may be provided in reverse, and the coil outlet portion 8 is provided on the side close to the beam exit path entrance 82 and the coil conductor connection portion 7 is provided on the opposite side. You may. Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the coil outlet 8 does not need to be provided at the ends of the inner septum coil conductor 5 and the outer septum coil conductor 6, and the inner septum coil conductor 5 and the outer septum coil conductor 6 may be cut off and provided at an intermediate portion in the beam extraction direction.
  • a bipolar magnetic field can be formed inside the septum electromagnet 43 by supplying an exciting current to the septum coil by the bipolar power supply 10.
  • Each of the inner septum coil conductor 5, the outer septum coil conductor 6, the coil conductor connecting portion 7, and the coil outlet portion 8 has a cooling means for heat generation, and the deformation due to the electromagnetic stress due to the exciting current is within an allowable range. It is supported by a support (not shown).
  • the inner shim 3 and the outer shim 4 are magnetic and made of, for example, a laminated steel plate.
  • the inner peripheral side shim 3 has a wedge shape so as not to interfere with the trajectory 1 of the last one turn immediately before the beam reaches the beam exit path entrance 82.
  • the outer peripheral side shim 4 may be installed so as to face the inner peripheral side shim 3 across the beam passage area, and the shape is not particularly limited.
  • the B ⁇ product of the maximum emission energy is B ⁇ max
  • the B ⁇ product of the minimum emission energy is B ⁇ min
  • the beam energy corresponding to the B ⁇ product equal to (B ⁇ max + B ⁇ min ) / 2 is the intermediate energy. Is defined.
  • the thickness and shape of each shim are set so that only the inner shim 3 and the outer shim 4 provide a magnetic field for extracting a beam of intermediate energy.
  • FIG. 10 shows the relationship between the exciting current of the septum coil and the extracted beam energy.
  • the bipolar power supply 10 which is the excitation power supply for the septum coil, can reduce the power consumption of the power supply by using pulse excitation instead of DC excitation.
  • the number of turns of the septum coil is preferably 10 turns or less in order to suppress inductance.
  • a unipolar power supply can be used instead of the bipolar power supply 10.
  • the thickness of the inner peripheral side shim 3 and the outer peripheral side shim 4 is set such that a magnetic field from which a beam having the maximum energy is extracted only by the inner peripheral side shim 3 and the outer peripheral side shim 4. It is desirable to set the thickness and shape of each shim. In addition, it is desirable that beams other than the maximum energy be extracted by energizing the septum coil.
  • FIG. 6, FIG. 8, FIG. 11, and FIG. 12 show cross sections taken along the line A-A 'in FIG. 9 (the same as the cross section taken along the line A-A' in FIG. 2).
  • the inner peripheral shim 3 and the outer peripheral shim 4 can be placed independently without being connected to each other.
  • the inner shim 3 and the outer shim 4 are connected on the upper surface side by an upper shim 100 disposed vertically above the track surface of the beam, and the beam A septum electromagnet 43A having a structure connected on the lower surface side by a lower shim 101 arranged vertically below the raceway surface can be used.
  • a septum electromagnet 43B having a structure in which the inner peripheral shim 3 is omitted may be used.
  • FIG. 12 shows a case where the upper shim 100 and the lower shim 101 are arranged, the upper shim 100 and the lower shim 101 can be omitted as shown in FIG.
  • the inner peripheral side shim 3 it is possible to divide the inner peripheral side shim 3 in the vicinity of the raceway surface, and to more reliably suppress the interference with the beam trajectory. Even in the case where the inner peripheral side shim 3 has a divided structure, the shim made of a magnetic material can be appropriately arranged at the same position as the upper shim 100 and the lower shim 101.
  • One acceleration cycle starts when the acceleration high-frequency rises, that is, when the application of the acceleration voltage Vacc is started at the timing when the resonance frequency f cav of the high-frequency acceleration cavity reaches a predetermined value.
  • the beam is incident on the main magnetic pole 38 inside the vacuum space from the ion source 53, a beam of high-frequency capture is completed to the time t 1 after the lapse.
  • Acceleration frequency is turned OFF and then the time t 2 has elapsed. At the same time, the application of the high-frequency voltage V ext to the high-frequency kicker 70 is started. If the high-frequency kicker 70 is designed not to have a resonator structure but to have an appropriate capacitance, the high-frequency voltage of the high-frequency kicker 70 quickly rises with a response of several ⁇ s or less.
  • the frequency f ext of the extraction high-frequency voltage V ext is set to be equal to the product ⁇ r ⁇ f rev of the decimal part ⁇ r of the horizontal tune ⁇ r of the circulating beam and the circulating frequency f rev. .
  • the amplitude of the horizontal betatron oscillation continues to increase.
  • the shape of the ground electrode 71 and the high-voltage electrode 72 is determined so that a high-frequency electric field acts in a direction (horizontal direction) orthogonal to the orbit within the orbit plane, and the beam is kicked by the high-frequency electric field.
  • a high-frequency electric field acts in a direction (horizontal direction) orthogonal to the orbit within the orbit plane, and the beam is kicked by the high-frequency electric field.
  • the amplitude of the betatron oscillation in the horizontal direction can be efficiently increased.
  • only the high frequency kicker 70 cannot obtain a sufficient turn separation for extracting the beam. Therefore, a peeler magnetic field region 44 and a regenerator magnetic field region 45 are required.
  • the beam eventually reaches the peeler magnetic field region 44 and the regenerator magnetic field region 45 by the action of the high-frequency kicker 70.
  • the beam passes through the peeler magnetic field region 44, the beam is kicked to the outer peripheral side, and when the beam passes through the regenerator magnetic field region 45, the beam is kicked to the inner peripheral side.
  • the septum electromagnet 43 Since the septum electromagnet 43 is installed at the beam exit path entrance 82, when a turn separation that greatly exceeds the total thickness of the inner peripheral side shim 3 and the inner peripheral side septum coil conductor 5 comes to be obtained, the beam becomes septum. It is guided into the electromagnet 43.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates an example in which the septum coil is pulse-excited.
  • the excitation current of the septum electromagnet 43 starts to flow. It is desirable to cut off the excitation current of the septum coil after the application of high-frequency extraction, so that the beam is not extracted.However, if the time interval until the next beam extraction is short, the excitation of the septum coil is continued. May be.
  • V ext a high-frequency voltage as large as possible is applied so that the beam is irradiated with the peeler magnetic field region 44 and the regenerator magnetic field region.
  • V ext the amplitude of V ext can be reduced. Thereby, the time until the start of beam emission can be shortened, and the dose rate can be improved.
  • the beam emission current can be adjusted. That is, as the amplitude of V ext increases, the beam emission current also increases. Also, beam emission can be stopped by stopping the application of V ext at an arbitrary timing. Therefore, the spot dose required for scanning irradiation can be radiated by a single output pulse beam without excess and deficiency, and the dose rate is improved.
  • the beam emission can be restarted by applying V ext again, so that it can be used for the next spot irradiation. For this reason, the charge incident from the ion source 53 can be used without waste, and the dose rate is further improved.
  • One acceleration cycle ends when the amount of orbiting charges remaining in the accelerator falls below a certain level. The beam is extracted by repeating such an acceleration cycle.
  • FIG. 14 shows a block diagram of a high-frequency power supply and a control system for realizing the above extraction method.
  • FIG. 14 shows a configuration in which the triodes 24A and 24B are both used for the accelerating high-frequency power supply 25 and the high-frequency kicker power supply 86.
  • a tetraode or a semiconductor amplifier can be used.
  • an input coupler 20 As the beam acceleration system, an input coupler 20, a pickup loop 21, an acceleration high-frequency power supply 25 having a cathode resistor 22, a plate DC power supply 23, and a triode 24A, a rotating capacitor 30, an angle detection mechanism 90, and a D electrode 12 And the outer conductor 15.
  • the accelerating high frequency power supply 25 is of a self-excited oscillation type, and a part of the accelerating high frequency is fed back to the cathode circuit in the pickup loop 21.
  • the high frequency acceleration voltage is controlled by modulating the output voltage of the plate DC power supply 23 at high speed.
  • the cathode bias potential is applied by dividing the plate potential by the cathode resistor 22 or by using a cathode power supply.
  • the acceleration high-frequency power supply 25 may be a separately excited oscillation type, the pickup loop 21 may be omitted, and a pre-amplified output of the original oscillator may be used as the input of the triode 24A.
  • the beam extraction system includes a bipolar power supply 10, a septum electromagnet 43, an upstream coil 34, a downstream coil 35, an upstream coil power supply 87, a downstream coil power supply 88, a triode 24B, a plate DC A power supply 26, a grid bias power supply 89, an original oscillator 92, a switch 93, a pre-amplifier 94, a high-frequency kicker power supply 86, and a high-frequency kicker 70 are used.
  • the original oscillator 92 generates a signal in a certain frequency band for the high-frequency kicker 70.
  • the signal is assumed to include a necessary frequency band component.
  • This signal is amplified by a pre-amplifier 94 via a switch 93. After amplification, it is further amplified by the triode 24B and supplied to the high-frequency kicker 70.
  • the amplitude of the high frequency voltage V ext of the high frequency kicker 70 is controlled by changing the gain of the pre-amplifier 94 or by modulating the output voltage of the plate DC power supply 26 at high speed.
  • the arithmetic unit 91 controls the application timing of the acceleration high frequency f cav in the acceleration system, the application timing of the extraction high frequency f ext in the beam extraction system, and the like.
  • the arithmetic unit 91 includes a frequency modulation pattern of the acceleration high frequency f cav detected from the angle detection mechanism 90 of the rotary condenser 30 or the acceleration high frequency pickup signal, permission of each spot irradiation from the control device 191 (see FIG. 15), In response to the input of the information on the required dose to the spot, a command signal for ON / OFF timing and voltage amplitude of the acceleration high frequency f cav is output to the acceleration high frequency power supply 25.
  • the arithmetic unit 91 outputs an ON / OFF timing of the septum electromagnet 43 and a command signal of an exciting current to the bipolar power supply 10 based on the input of the information.
  • the arithmetic unit 91 outputs an ON / OFF timing of the high frequency kicker 70 and a command signal of the amplitude of the voltage V ext to the high frequency kicker power supply 86.
  • the arithmetic unit 91 also outputs an on / off timing and an exciting current command signal to the downstream coil power supply 88, that is, to the downstream coil 35, and outputs the signal to the upstream coil power supply 87, that is, to the upstream coil 34. And outputs an on / off timing and an exciting current command signal.
  • a beam monitor 95 for electrostatically or magnetically measuring the amount of orbital charge remaining inside the accelerator for the beams in all the emission energy bands is installed at any arbitrary position on the beam orbit. Then, when the amount of orbital charges is reduced below a certain level, the arithmetic unit 91 starts applying the acceleration voltage again, and repeats the process of capturing, accelerating, and extracting.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating the overall configuration of the particle beam therapy system according to the present embodiment.
  • the particle beam therapy system 300 includes a circular accelerator 39, a high energy beam transport system 47, a rotating gantry 190, an irradiation device 192, a treatment table 201, and a control device 191.
  • the ion beam of the specific energy emitted from the circular accelerator 39 is transported to the irradiation device 192 by the high energy beam transport system 47 and the rotating gantry 190.
  • the transported ion beam of the specific energy is shaped by the irradiation device 192 so as to conform to the shape of the affected part, and is irradiated with a predetermined amount on the affected part target of the patient 200 lying on the treatment table 201.
  • the operations of the circular accelerator 39, the high-energy beam transport system 47, the rotating gantry 190, the irradiation device 192, and the treatment table 201 are executed by the control device 191.
  • the control device 191 is configured by a computer or the like.
  • the computers constituting these are provided with a CPU, a memory, an interface, and the like, and control the operation of each device and execute various arithmetic processing described later based on various programs. These programs are stored in an internal recording medium, an external recording medium, or a data server in each configuration, and are read and executed by the CPU.
  • the operation control process may be integrated into one program, may be divided into a plurality of programs, or a combination thereof. Further, a part or all of the program may be realized by dedicated hardware, or may be modularized. Furthermore, various programs may be installed in each device from a program distribution server, an internal storage medium, or an external recording medium.
  • the circular accelerator 39 of the present invention can be downsized and the beam loss is reduced, so that the dose rate is improved, the irradiation time is shortened, and the patient throughput can be increased. .
  • the beam can be directly extracted from the circular accelerator 39 to the irradiation device 192. Further, a plurality of irradiation devices 192 can be provided. Further, the irradiation device 192 may be fixed without rotating.
  • the irradiation method used in the irradiation device 192 is not particularly limited, and may be any of a scanning method of scanning a beam and a wobble method of using a scatterer.
  • the above-described particle beam therapy system 300 includes a circular accelerator 39 for accelerating a beam using the main magnetic field 2 and a frequency-modulated high-frequency electric field, and an irradiation device 192 for irradiating a beam having a specific energy extracted from the circular accelerator 39.
  • the circular accelerator 39 is capable of frequency modulation, and applies an accelerating high frequency applying device for applying an accelerating high frequency for accelerating a beam, and a high frequency kicker 70 for applying an extracting high frequency for extracting a beam, which has a different frequency from the accelerating high frequency.
  • a peeler magnetic field region 44 and a regenerator magnetic field region 45 that form a disturbing magnetic field region including a magnetic field component having two or more poles and a high-order magnetic field including at least a quadrupole magnetic field component; Septum electromagnets 43, 43A, 43B having an inner septum coil conductor 5 and an outer septum coil conductor 6 are provided.
  • Such a circular accelerator 39 greatly contributes to improving the patient throughput of the particle beam therapy system.
  • the septum electromagnets 43, 43A, and 43B further include the bipolar power supply 10 that supplies bipolar current to the septum coil, the amplitude of the exciting current can be reduced to approximately half as compared with the case where the bipolar current is not supplied. As a result, the thermal load on the septum coil can be reduced to about 1/4. Therefore, since the structure of the septum electromagnets 43, 43A, 43B can be simplified, the size and cost can be reduced.
  • the shim is constituted by the outer peripheral side shim 4 arranged on the outer peripheral side of the beam orbit with respect to the outer peripheral side septum coil conductor 6, the magnetic field to be generated by the septum coil can be reduced. Load and electromagnetic stress can be suppressed.
  • the shim includes an inner shim 3 arranged on the inner circumferential side of the beam orbit from the inner circumferential septum coil conductor 5 and an outer shim 4 arranged on the outer circumferential side of the beam orbit from the outer septum coil conductor 6. Also, the magnetic field to be generated by the septum coil can be reduced, and the thermal load and electromagnetic stress of the septum coil can be suppressed.
  • the inner peripheral side shim 3 has a wedge shape that does not interfere with the beam orbit, the beam loss in the circular accelerator 39 can be suppressed, and a higher irradiation dose rate can be realized.
  • the septum electromagnet 43 can be configured with a simple structure, and further reduction in size and reduction in size can be achieved. Costs can be reduced.
  • the inner shim further includes an upper shim 100 disposed vertically above the track surface of the beam and a lower shim 101 disposed vertically below the track surface of the beam. Since at least one of the outer shim 3 and the outer shim 4 is connected to the upper shim 100 and the lower shim 101, a magnetic field for guiding the beam to the high energy beam transport system 47 generated by the septum electromagnets 43A and 43B. Can more efficiently shield the end leakage magnetic field of the main magnetic field 2 formed by the main electromagnet 40, and can reduce the exciting current of the septum coil.
  • the shim is a laminated steel sheet core, and the coil winding composed of the inner peripheral side septum coil conductor 5 and the outer peripheral side septum coil conductor 6 is constituted by 10 turns or less, thereby enabling pulse excitation and consuming the excitation power. Power can be reduced.
  • the beam kick amount of the high-frequency kicker 70 required for emitting a beam of variable energy is such that the beam incident point 52 is located at the center of the circular accelerator 39 and the main magnetic field distribution is concentric with the center. Is formed as compared with the case of forming the high-frequency kicker, so that the high-frequency power required for the high-frequency kicker can be reduced.
  • a peeler magnetic field region 44 and a regenerator magnetic field region 45 are respectively arranged at one place, and the peeler magnetic field region 44 is a first disturbance magnetic field region having a magnetic field gradient in which the main magnetic field 2 weakens toward the radially outer peripheral side.
  • the generator magnetic field region 45 is a second disturbing magnetic field region having a magnetic field gradient in which the main magnetic field 2 increases toward the radially outer side, the beam reaching these disturbing magnetic field regions by a kick by the high-frequency kicker 70 is: The kick is further increased and enters the entrance of the septum electromagnet 43, and is eventually taken out of the accelerator.
  • the peeler magnetic field region 44 and the regenerator magnetic field region 45 are formed only by the magnetic field gradient shim 36 and the magnetic field correction shim 37 made of a magnetic material, and the upstream coil 34 and the downstream coil 35 are omitted, the heat load can be reduced. And power supply costs can be reduced.
  • the magnetic field correction shim 37 suppresses the leakage magnetic field from the peeler magnetic field region 44 and the regenerator magnetic field region 45, the trajectory of the beam is less likely to be disturbed before reaching the extraction energy, and the beam is more stable. Can be accelerated.
  • the upstream coil 34 and the downstream coil 35 are used in addition to the magnetic material to form the peeler magnetic field region 44 and the regenerator magnetic field region 45, the first and second coils for efficient extraction of the beam are used. It is possible to adjust the magnetic field strength in the two disturbing magnetic field regions.
  • a high-frequency kicker 70 is applied with a high-frequency wave for increasing the amplitude of the betatron oscillation in the orbit plane of the beam of the energy to be extracted and in a direction orthogonal to the orbit of the beam.
  • the beam emission current can be controlled by controlling at least one of the voltage amplitude, phase, frequency, and application time of the extracted high frequency.
  • a computing device 91 for controlling the timing of applying the accelerating radio frequency by the accelerating radio frequency applying device and the timing of applying the extracting radio frequency by the radio frequency kicker 70 is provided.
  • the cutoff is started, then the application of the extraction high frequency is started, and an excitation current is applied to the septum coils of the septum electromagnets 43, 43A, 43B before the extraction of the beam is started, and the excitation of the septum coil is completed after the application of the extraction high frequency. Cut off the current.
  • the beam does not reach the peeler magnetic field region 44 and the regenerator magnetic field region 45, and the emission of the beam from the circular accelerator 39 can be interrupted. become.
  • the beam emission can be restarted without re-entering, capturing, and accelerating the beam if the circulating charge remains.
  • the output beam charge can be controlled with high accuracy by the extracted high frequency for each acceleration cycle, dose control suitable for scanning can be performed.
  • the orbital charges can be taken out completely and no scatterer is required for energy change, the dose rate increases, the irradiation time can be shortened, and the patient throughput of the particle beam therapy system can be improved.
  • the arithmetic unit 91 further reduces the electric field of the extracted high frequency after the start of the application of the extracted high frequency and before the beam reaches the disturbing magnetic field region, thereby shortening the time until beam emission.
  • Bipolar power supply 11 Acceleration gap 12 D electrode 13 Dummy electrode 14 Inner conductor 15 Outer conductor 20 Input coupler 21
  • Pickup loop 22 Cathode resistor 23
  • Acceleration high frequency Power supply 26 Plate DC power supply 30
  • Rotating capacitor 31 Motor 32 Fixed electrode 33
  • Rotary electrode 34 Upstream coil (disturbance magnetic field region forming section, disturbance magnetic field forming coil) 35: Downstream coil (disturbance magnetic field region forming section, disturbance magnetic field forming coil) 36: Shim for magnetic field gradient (disturbance magnetic field region forming part, magnetic pole piece) 37: Shim for magnetic field correction (disturbance magnetic field region forming part, pole piece) 38 main magnetic pole 39
  • circular accelerator 40 main electromagnet 41 return yoke 42
  • Regenerator magnetic field area (second disturbance magnetic field area) 47 high-energy beam transport system 70 high-frequency kicker (removal high-frequency application device) 71 Ground electrodes 71A, 72A Beam passage port 72 High voltage electrode 73 Projection 80 Maximum emission energy orbit 81 Minimum emission energy orbit 82 Beam emission path entrance 86 High frequency kicker power supply 87 Upstream coil power supply 88 Downstream coil power supply 89 Grid bias power supply 90 Angle detection mechanism 91 Arithmetic unit 92 Original oscillator 93 Switch 94 Preamplifier 95 Beam monitor 100 Upper shim 101 Lower shim 190 Rotating gantry 191 Controller 192—irradiation device 200—patient 201—treatment table 300—particle beam therapy system

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PCT/JP2019/005849 2018-09-04 2019-02-18 加速器、およびそれを備えた粒子線治療システム Ceased WO2020049755A1 (ja)

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JP7002952B2 (ja) * 2018-01-29 2022-01-20 株式会社日立製作所 円形加速器、円形加速器を備えた粒子線治療システム、及び円形加速器の運転方法
JP2019200899A (ja) * 2018-05-16 2019-11-21 株式会社日立製作所 粒子線加速器および粒子線治療システム
JP7465042B2 (ja) * 2021-01-15 2024-04-10 株式会社日立製作所 円形加速器、および、粒子線治療システム
JP7399127B2 (ja) * 2021-02-08 2023-12-15 株式会社日立製作所 加速器および粒子線治療システム
JP7634441B2 (ja) * 2021-08-03 2025-02-21 株式会社日立ハイテク 円形加速器および粒子線治療システム
JP7671708B2 (ja) * 2022-03-02 2025-05-02 株式会社日立ハイテク 加速器及び粒子線治療装置
JP7765353B2 (ja) * 2022-07-01 2025-11-06 株式会社日立ハイテク 加速器及び粒子線治療装置
JP2024086081A (ja) * 2022-12-16 2024-06-27 株式会社日立製作所 加速器用電磁石、加速器、及び粒子線治療システム
CN115802580B (zh) * 2023-01-29 2023-05-23 合肥中科离子医学技术装备有限公司 磁场校正线圈装置和具有其的回旋加速器

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