WO2020039732A1 - 嗅神経細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む細胞塊、及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
嗅神経細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む細胞塊、及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020039732A1 WO2020039732A1 PCT/JP2019/024964 JP2019024964W WO2020039732A1 WO 2020039732 A1 WO2020039732 A1 WO 2020039732A1 JP 2019024964 W JP2019024964 W JP 2019024964W WO 2020039732 A1 WO2020039732 A1 WO 2020039732A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cells
- cell
- signaling pathway
- tissue
- olfactory
- Prior art date
Links
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 1061
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 title abstract description 77
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 294
- 230000019491 signal transduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 249
- 230000004156 Wnt signaling pathway Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 210000001778 pluripotent stem cell Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 234
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims description 189
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 145
- 238000004114 suspension culture Methods 0.000 claims description 133
- 210000000196 olfactory nerve Anatomy 0.000 claims description 128
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 claims description 84
- 210000000981 epithelium Anatomy 0.000 claims description 74
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 73
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 claims description 68
- 210000001706 olfactory mucosa Anatomy 0.000 claims description 65
- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 61
- 102000013814 Wnt Human genes 0.000 claims description 50
- 108050003627 Wnt Proteins 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 108090001012 Transforming Growth Factor beta Proteins 0.000 claims description 43
- 210000002469 basement membrane Anatomy 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 35
- 210000000653 nervous system Anatomy 0.000 claims description 33
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 101100247004 Rattus norvegicus Qsox1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000008410 smoothened signaling pathway Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 108090000379 Fibroblast growth factor 2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 21
- 102100026888 Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 Human genes 0.000 claims description 21
- 108091008743 testicular receptors 4 Proteins 0.000 claims description 21
- 102000007354 PAX6 Transcription Factor Human genes 0.000 claims description 20
- 101150081664 PAX6 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 20
- 210000000944 nerve tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims description 20
- 102000043168 TGF-beta family Human genes 0.000 claims description 18
- 108091085018 TGF-beta family Proteins 0.000 claims description 18
- 210000004720 cerebrum Anatomy 0.000 claims description 18
- 210000000270 basal cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 17
- 108010082117 matrigel Proteins 0.000 claims description 17
- 102100024505 Bone morphogenetic protein 4 Human genes 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 102000001267 GSK3 Human genes 0.000 claims description 15
- 108060006662 GSK3 Proteins 0.000 claims description 15
- 101000762379 Homo sapiens Bone morphogenetic protein 4 Proteins 0.000 claims description 15
- NFVJNJQRWPQVOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-[3-(4-ethyl-5-ethylsulfanyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]acetamide Chemical compound CCN1C(SCC)=NN=C1C1CN(CC(=O)NC=2C(=CC=C(C=2)C(F)(F)F)Cl)CCC1 NFVJNJQRWPQVOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 210000003061 neural cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 15
- 108010066687 Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Proteins 0.000 claims description 14
- 102000018651 Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Human genes 0.000 claims description 14
- 102000001893 Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors Human genes 0.000 claims description 13
- 108010040422 Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 13
- 102000010834 Extracellular Matrix Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 13
- 108010037362 Extracellular Matrix Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 13
- 102000015735 Beta-catenin Human genes 0.000 claims description 12
- SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-YCNIQYBTSA-N all-trans-retinoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-YCNIQYBTSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000002744 extracellular matrix Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229930002330 retinoic acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 12
- 108060000903 Beta-catenin Proteins 0.000 claims description 11
- 210000002107 sheath cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 229960001727 tretinoin Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 101150040658 LHX2 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- RYVZYACBVYKUHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alk5 Natural products CC#CC#CCCCCC=CC(=O)NCC(C)C RYVZYACBVYKUHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 101150010353 Ascl1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 102100037680 Fibroblast growth factor 8 Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- 101001027382 Homo sapiens Fibroblast growth factor 8 Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 102100024506 Bone morphogenetic protein 2 Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 102100022544 Bone morphogenetic protein 7 Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 102100035363 Growth/differentiation factor 7 Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000005127 stratified epithelium Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 102100035368 Growth/differentiation factor 6 Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 101000762366 Homo sapiens Bone morphogenetic protein 2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 101000899361 Homo sapiens Bone morphogenetic protein 7 Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 101001023968 Homo sapiens Growth/differentiation factor 7 Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940124149 Tankyrase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000592 Artificial Cell Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000016289 Cell Adhesion Molecules Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010067225 Cell Adhesion Molecules Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101001023964 Homo sapiens Growth/differentiation factor 6 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000026062 Tissue disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 102100020903 Ezrin Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000007339 Nerve Growth Factor Receptors Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010032605 Nerve Growth Factor Receptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010055671 ezrin Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 102100030742 Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein Human genes 0.000 claims 3
- 101001123986 Homo sapiens Protein-serine O-palmitoleoyltransferase porcupine Proteins 0.000 claims 2
- 102100028119 Protein-serine O-palmitoleoyltransferase porcupine Human genes 0.000 claims 2
- 102100035290 Fibroblast growth factor 13 Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 102000004584 Somatomedin Receptors Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 108010017622 Somatomedin Receptors Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 203
- 108010007726 Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 113
- 102000007350 Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 113
- 229940112869 bone morphogenetic protein Drugs 0.000 description 111
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 77
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 64
- 102000018233 Fibroblast Growth Factor Human genes 0.000 description 52
- 108050007372 Fibroblast Growth Factor Proteins 0.000 description 52
- -1 BIO Chemical compound 0.000 description 50
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 47
- 229940126864 fibroblast growth factor Drugs 0.000 description 46
- 102000004887 Transforming Growth Factor beta Human genes 0.000 description 40
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 39
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 36
- 102000012547 Olfactory receptors Human genes 0.000 description 33
- 108050002069 Olfactory receptors Proteins 0.000 description 33
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 33
- 238000012744 immunostaining Methods 0.000 description 31
- 239000012679 serum free medium Substances 0.000 description 30
- 230000002207 retinal effect Effects 0.000 description 29
- 102000000905 Cadherin Human genes 0.000 description 28
- 108050007957 Cadherin Proteins 0.000 description 28
- 108010085895 Laminin Proteins 0.000 description 26
- 102000007547 Laminin Human genes 0.000 description 26
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 26
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 26
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 26
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000002771 cell marker Substances 0.000 description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- FHYUGAJXYORMHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N SB 431542 Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)N)=CC=C1C1=NC(C=2C=C3OCOC3=CC=2)=C(C=2N=CC=CC=2)N1 FHYUGAJXYORMHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 101800003838 Epidermal growth factor Proteins 0.000 description 19
- 241001481760 Erethizon dorsatum Species 0.000 description 19
- 102100033237 Pro-epidermal growth factor Human genes 0.000 description 19
- 230000002490 cerebral effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- VBEQCZHXXJYVRD-GACYYNSASA-N uroanthelone Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VBEQCZHXXJYVRD-GACYYNSASA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229940116977 epidermal growth factor Drugs 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 18
- 210000001178 neural stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 18
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 15
- 102000003974 Fibroblast growth factor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 14
- WRKPZSMRWPJJDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-(6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-2-[(4-oxo-3-phenyl-6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)thio]acetamide Chemical group S1C2=CC(C)=CC=C2N=C1NC(=O)CSC1=NC=2CCSC=2C(=O)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 WRKPZSMRWPJJDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- 210000000956 olfactory bulb Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 13
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 13
- 108050000637 N-cadherin Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 210000004940 nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- CJLMANFTWLNAKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[6-amino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl]phenol Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(C=2C(=NC=C(C=2)C=2C=C(O)C=CC=2)N)=C1 CJLMANFTWLNAKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000579 Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Substances 0.000 description 11
- 101000857870 Squalus acanthias Gonadoliberin Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 230000021164 cell adhesion Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 11
- XLXSAKCOAKORKW-AQJXLSMYSA-N gonadorelin Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)NCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1N=CNC=1)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)CC1)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 XLXSAKCOAKORKW-AQJXLSMYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229940035638 gonadotropin-releasing hormone Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- AQGNHMOJWBZFQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CT 99021 Chemical compound CC1=CNC(C=2C(=NC(NCCNC=3N=CC(=CC=3)C#N)=NC=2)C=2C(=CC(Cl)=CC=2)Cl)=N1 AQGNHMOJWBZFQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 101150118728 Dlx5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 102100024785 Fibroblast growth factor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 10
- 210000004227 basal ganglia Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 210000001671 embryonic stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 210000004263 induced pluripotent stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 108010038862 laminin 10 Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 10
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- IYOZTVGMEWJPKR-VOMCLLRMSA-N 4-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-N-pyridin-4-yl-1-cyclohexanecarboxamide Chemical compound C1CC([C@H](N)C)CCC1C(=O)NC1=CC=NC=C1 IYOZTVGMEWJPKR-VOMCLLRMSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 101150092239 OTX2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 210000004498 neuroglial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 229920002971 Heparan sulfate Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 102000011782 Keratins Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 108010076876 Keratins Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 108010069196 Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 102100027347 Neural cell adhesion molecule 1 Human genes 0.000 description 8
- KLGQSVMIPOVQAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N XAV939 Chemical compound N=1C=2CCSCC=2C(O)=NC=1C1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1 KLGQSVMIPOVQAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000001120 cytoprotective effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 8
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012758 nuclear staining Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- KHZOJCQBHJUJFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)phenyl]-n-(4-pyridin-3-ylphenyl)acetamide Chemical compound C1=NC(C)=CC(C=2C=CC(CC(=O)NC=3C=CC(=CC=3)C=3C=NC=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1 KHZOJCQBHJUJFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OQVLOWLEEHYBJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-6,7-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)ethynyl]benzoic acid Chemical compound C=1C=C2C(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)C2=CC=1C#CC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 OQVLOWLEEHYBJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000006144 Dulbecco’s modified Eagle's medium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 101100310657 Mus musculus Sox1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 102100032063 Neurogenic differentiation factor 1 Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108050000588 Neurogenic differentiation factor 1 Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 241000288906 Primates Species 0.000 description 7
- 102000004535 Tankyrases Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108010017601 Tankyrases Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000030833 cell death Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 210000002919 epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229940044601 receptor agonist Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000000018 receptor agonist Substances 0.000 description 7
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 210000001164 retinal progenitor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 7
- CRDNMYFJWFXOCH-YPKPFQOOSA-N (3z)-3-(3-oxo-1h-indol-2-ylidene)-1h-indol-2-one Chemical compound N/1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C\1=C1/C2=CC=CC=C2NC1=O CRDNMYFJWFXOCH-YPKPFQOOSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XFYYQDHEDOXWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(=O)NC1=CC=C(Br)C=N1 XFYYQDHEDOXWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UZOVYGYOLBIAJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-isocyanato-4'-methyldiphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UZOVYGYOLBIAJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heparin Chemical compound OC1C(NC(=O)C)C(O)OC(COS(O)(=O)=O)C1OC1C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(O3)C(O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)C(CO)O2)NS(O)(=O)=O)C(C(O)=O)O1 HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 101710173438 Late L2 mu core protein Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 6
- 101710188315 Protein X Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000001130 astrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229960002897 heparin Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 210000002287 horizontal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 6
- 210000001082 somatic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000001578 tight junction Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- QTRXIFVSTWXRJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxopurin-7-yl)-n-(6-phenylpyridazin-3-yl)acetamide Chemical compound C1=2C(=O)N(C)C(=O)N(C)C=2N=CN1CC(=O)NC(N=N1)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 QTRXIFVSTWXRJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XVMHQSDMKWQNBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxo-6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]sulfanyl]-n-(6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)acetamide Chemical compound S1C2=CC(C)=CC=C2N=C1NC(=O)CSC1=NC=2CCSC=2C(=O)N1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 XVMHQSDMKWQNBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BBDGBGOVJPEFBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[6-(4-piperazin-1-ylphenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]quinoline Chemical compound C1CNCCN1C1=CC=C(C2=CN3N=CC(=C3N=C2)C=2C3=CC=CN=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 BBDGBGOVJPEFBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920000936 Agarose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 102000004127 Cytokines Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108090000695 Cytokines Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 101150070744 EBF1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102000008730 Nestin Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108010088225 Nestin Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 108091005461 Nucleic proteins Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 108091005735 TGF-beta receptors Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102000016715 Transforming Growth Factor beta Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 102100027881 Tumor protein 63 Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 210000000411 amacrine cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000003981 ectoderm Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001605 fetal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000002950 fibroblast Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 229920000669 heparin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- PJUIMOJAAPLTRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N monothioglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)CS PJUIMOJAAPLTRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 210000005055 nestin Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 108010008217 nidogen Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 210000002475 olfactory pathway Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 210000004248 oligodendroglia Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000003625 skull Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 108700026220 vif Genes Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 210000001121 vomeronasal organ Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- PYTOHIUBXSJKQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-propan-2-ylphenyl)chromen-4-one Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)C)=CC=C1C1=CC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O1 PYTOHIUBXSJKQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RBFDSBJDWZOTGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(3,6-dimethyl-4-oxo-6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)sulfanyl]-n-(6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)acetamide Chemical compound C1=C(C)C=C2SC(NC(=O)CSC3=NC=4CC(SC=4C(=O)N3C)C)=NC2=C1 RBFDSBJDWZOTGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QESQGTFWEQMCMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(4-oxo-3-phenyl-6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)sulfanyl]-n-(5-phenylpyridin-2-yl)acetamide Chemical compound C=1C=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=NC=1NC(=O)CSC1=NC=2CCSC=2C(=O)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 QESQGTFWEQMCMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RHUJMHOIQBDFQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]sulfanyl]-n-(6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)acetamide Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1N1C(=O)C(SCC2)=C2N=C1SCC(=O)NC1=NC2=CC=C(C)C=C2S1 RHUJMHOIQBDFQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JCSGFHVFHSKIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-(1-methyl-3-indolyl)pyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2N(C)C=C1C(C(NC1=O)=O)=C1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl JCSGFHVFHSKIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XZOFNDFDGVAIEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-6-(3-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.COc1cccc(c1)-c1cc(NCc2ccc3OCOc3c2)nc(N)n1 XZOFNDFDGVAIEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DXLXRNZCYAYUED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-[4-(3-quinolin-4-ylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-6-yl)phenoxy]ethyl]morpholine Chemical compound C=1C=C(C2=CN3N=CC(=C3N=C2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3N=CC=2)C=CC=1OCCN1CCOCC1 DXLXRNZCYAYUED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDOVNWNANFFLFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[6-[4-(1-piperazinyl)phenyl]-3-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinyl]quinoline Chemical compound C1CNCCN1C1=CC=C(C2=CN3N=CC(=C3N=C2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3N=CC=2)C=C1 CDOVNWNANFFLFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FVRYPYDPKSZGNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[6-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]quinoline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1=CN2N=CC(C=3C4=CC=CN=C4C=CC=3)=C2N=C1 FVRYPYDPKSZGNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DKPQHFZUICCZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[2-tert-butyl-5-(6-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl]quinoxaline Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C2=C(N=C(N2)C(C)(C)C)C=2C=C3N=CC=NC3=CC=2)=N1 DKPQHFZUICCZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108010059616 Activins Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000002260 Alkaline Phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108020004774 Alkaline Phosphatase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000012583 B-27 Supplement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 108090000715 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000004219 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Human genes 0.000 description 4
- MDZCSIDIPDZWKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N CHIR-98014 Chemical compound C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(N)=NC(NCCNC=2N=C(C(=CN=2)N2C=NC=C2)C=2C(=CC(Cl)=CC=2)Cl)=C1 MDZCSIDIPDZWKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101710087047 Cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- JMIFGARJSWXZSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N DMH1 Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(C)C)=CC=C1C1=CN2N=CC(C=3C4=CC=CC=C4N=CC=3)=C2N=C1 JMIFGARJSWXZSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000283074 Equus asinus Species 0.000 description 4
- 102100026818 Inhibin beta E chain Human genes 0.000 description 4
- XXYGTCZJJLTAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N LGK974 Chemical compound C1=NC(C)=CC(C=2C(=CC(CC(=O)NC=3N=CC(=CC=3)C=3N=CC=NC=3)=CN=2)C)=C1 XXYGTCZJJLTAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000161 Locust bean gum Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 101100445103 Mus musculus Emx2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000012580 N-2 Supplement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 108010025020 Nerve Growth Factor Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102100037369 Nidogen-1 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010067372 Pancreatic elastase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000016387 Pancreatic elastase Human genes 0.000 description 4
- LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyruvic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)C(O)=O LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 4
- PQCXVIPXISBFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N SB 415286 Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(O)=CC=C1NC1=C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)[N+]([O-])=O)C(=O)NC1=O PQCXVIPXISBFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WGZOTBUYUFBEPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N SB 505124 Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C2=C(N=C(N2)C(C)(C)C)C=2C=C3OCOC3=CC=2)=N1 WGZOTBUYUFBEPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101000693614 Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972 / ATCC 24843) Nucleoporin alm1 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 101710140697 Tumor protein 63 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000000488 activin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007640 basal medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 208000029028 brain injury Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229940077737 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 4
- XHBVYDAKJHETMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dorsomorphin Chemical compound C=1C=C(C2=CN3N=CC(=C3N=C2)C=2C=CN=CC=2)C=CC=1OCCN1CCCCC1 XHBVYDAKJHETMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002518 glial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000591 gum Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 210000001262 horizontal basal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N insulin Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CN)C(C)CC)CSSCC(C(NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CSSCC(NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2NC=NC=2)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)CNC2=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)N3C(CCC3)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C)C(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C1CSSCC2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)CC1=CN=CN1 NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000010420 locust bean gum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007758 minimum essential medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000002894 multi-fate stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 102000020233 phosphotransferase Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000000844 retinal pigment epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- LBPKYPYHDKKRFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-naphthyridine, 2-[3-(6-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-1h-pyrazol-4-yl]- Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C2=C(C=NN2)C=2N=C3C=CC=NC3=CC=2)=N1 LBPKYPYHDKKRFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BHUXVRVMMYAXKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[6-methyl-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)pyridin-3-yl]phenyl]piperazine Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(C=2C(=NC=C(C=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2CCNCC2)C)=C1 BHUXVRVMMYAXKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RCKYSTKYIVULEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-5-[3-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole Chemical compound O1C(C)=NN=C1C1=CC=C(OC=C2C=3C=CC(=CC=3)S(C)=O)C2=C1 RCKYSTKYIVULEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZKJAZFUFPPSFCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethylamino]-1-methyl-4-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)pyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound CC=1NC2=CC=CC=C2C=1C=1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C=1NCCC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 ZKJAZFUFPPSFCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VPVLEBIVXZSOMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[[6-(3-aminophenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]oxy]phenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(C=2NC3=NC=NC(OC=4C=C(O)C=CC=4)=C3C=2)=C1 VPVLEBIVXZSOMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VFSUUTYAEQOIMW-YHBQERECSA-N 3-chloro-N-[trans-4-(methylamino)cyclohexyl]-N-[3-(pyridin-4-yl)benzyl]-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](NC)CC[C@@H]1N(C(=O)C1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2S1)Cl)CC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CN=CC=2)=C1 VFSUUTYAEQOIMW-YHBQERECSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PQXINDBPUDNMPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(furan-2-yl)-n-(3-imidazol-1-ylpropyl)-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=C(C=2OC=CC=2)ON=C1C(=O)NCCCN1C=CN=C1 PQXINDBPUDNMPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108091023037 Aptamer Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 108010081589 Becaplermin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108091016585 CD44 antigen Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108010040163 CREB-Binding Protein Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100021975 CREB-binding protein Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010028326 Calbindin 2 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100021849 Calretinin Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108091006146 Channels Proteins 0.000 description 3
- CRDNMYFJWFXOCH-BUHFOSPRSA-N Couroupitine B Natural products N\1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C/1=C1/C2=CC=CC=C2NC1=O CRDNMYFJWFXOCH-BUHFOSPRSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101710181403 Frizzled Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100021259 Frizzled-1 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010053759 Growth retardation Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 102000003693 Hedgehog Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000031 Hedgehog Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000008055 Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 101800001649 Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor Proteins 0.000 description 3
- ZGSXEXBYLJIOGF-ALFLXDJESA-N IWR-1-endo Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CN=C2C=1NC(=O)C(C=C1)=CC=C1N1C(=O)[C@@H]2[C@H](C=C3)C[C@H]3[C@@H]2C1=O ZGSXEXBYLJIOGF-ALFLXDJESA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- 101150111110 NKX2-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000015336 Nerve Growth Factor Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108091000080 Phosphotransferase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108010038512 Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000010780 Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 102100033762 Proheparin-binding EGF-like growth factor Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 3
- LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-M Pyruvate Chemical compound CC(=O)C([O-])=O LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 108010008281 Recombinant Fusion Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000007056 Recombinant Fusion Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 3
- 108020004459 Small interfering RNA Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108090000054 Syndecan-2 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108010008125 Tenascin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100038126 Tenascin Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010031318 Vitronectin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100035140 Vitronectin Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010047118 Wnt Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000011276 addition treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004115 adherent culture Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000006143 cell culture medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000001054 cortical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 210000002257 embryonic structure Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010363 gene targeting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000004602 germ cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000006801 homologous recombination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002744 homologous recombination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 3
- HBDSHCUSXQATPO-BGBJRWHRSA-N indirubin-3'-monoxime Chemical compound O=C/1NC2=CC=CC=C2C\1=C\1/C(=N/O)/C2=CC=CC=C2N/1 HBDSHCUSXQATPO-BGBJRWHRSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- CRDNMYFJWFXOCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoindigotin Natural products N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=C1C2=CC=CC=C2NC1=O CRDNMYFJWFXOCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 3
- AXXNRMISICMFNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[5-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl]-2-[6-(2-fluoropyridin-4-yl)-5-methylpyridin-3-yl]acetamide Chemical compound C1CN(C(=O)C)CCN1C(C=N1)=CC=C1NC(=O)CC1=CN=C(C=2C=C(F)N=CC=2)C(C)=C1 AXXNRMISICMFNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000005155 neural progenitor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 108010017992 platelet-derived growth factor C Proteins 0.000 description 3
- MDLUYYGRCGDKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 4-[(1-hexyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxoquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]benzoate Chemical compound O=C1N(CCCCCC)C2=CC=CC=C2C(O)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=C(C(=O)OCCC)C=C1 MDLUYYGRCGDKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002633 protecting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- FYBHCRQFSFYWPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N purmorphamine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N1C2=NC(OC=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC=3)=NC(NC=3C=CC(=CC=3)N3CCOCC3)=C2N=C1 FYBHCRQFSFYWPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940076788 pyruvate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008672 reprogramming Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZRKFYGHZFMAOKI-QMGMOQQFSA-N tgfbeta Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCSC)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZRKFYGHZFMAOKI-QMGMOQQFSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 3
- KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-Acetamido-2-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O3)C(O)=O)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)NC(C)=O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATBAETXFFCOZOY-DAXSKMNVSA-N (4z)-4-(2-amino-4-oxo-1h-imidazol-5-ylidene)-2-bromo-1,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrrolo[2,3-c]azepin-8-one Chemical compound N1C(N)=NC(=O)\C1=C/1C(C=C(Br)N2)=C2C(=O)NCC\1 ATBAETXFFCOZOY-DAXSKMNVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- INGCLXPSKXSYND-BTJKTKAUSA-N (z)-but-2-enedioic acid;3-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-1h-indol-5-ol Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O.C1CN(C)CCC1C1=CNC2=CC=C(O)C=C12 INGCLXPSKXSYND-BTJKTKAUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FQUYSHZXSKYCSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diazepane Chemical compound C1CNCCNC1 FQUYSHZXSKYCSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDKIEBFIMCSCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-1h-isoquinolin-2-yl)-3-(1-methyl-2-phenylpyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-one;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1C=2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=2CCN1C(=O)C=CC(C1=CC=CN=C1N1C)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 CDKIEBFIMCSCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RNUXIZKXJOGYQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-[[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyridin-4-yl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]sulfanyl]propyl]benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1C(C=2C=CN=CC=2)=NN=C1SCCCN(C1=O)C(=O)C2=C3C1=CC=CC3=CC=C2 RNUXIZKXJOGYQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-IVMDWMLBSA-N 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose Chemical compound N[C@H]1C(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-IVMDWMLBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGTAEYDIDMGJLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-aminophenyl)-4-(1-methylindol-3-yl)pyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2N(C)C=C1C(C(NC1=O)=O)=C1C1=CC=CC(N)=C1 RGTAEYDIDMGJLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMRFEKRJNZQOSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[2-(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-6,7-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl)ethynyl]benzoic acid Chemical compound C=1C=C2C(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)C2=CC=1C#CC1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 PMRFEKRJNZQOSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UOZVVPXKJGOFIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-n-(1-propylbenzimidazol-2-yl)benzene-1,3-dicarboxamide Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2N(CCC)C=1NC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(N)=O)=C1 UOZVVPXKJGOFIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AKJHMTWEGVYYSE-AIRMAKDCSA-N 4-HPR Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1NC(=O)/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C AKJHMTWEGVYYSE-AIRMAKDCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MFBCDACCJCDGBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[3-(3-tert-butyl-4-pyrrolidin-1-ylphenyl)-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]benzoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C=2C(=CC=C(C=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(O)=O)OCCO)=CC=C1N1CCCC1 MFBCDACCJCDGBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-ZVCIMWCZSA-N 9-cis-retinoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-ZVCIMWCZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BLTVBQXJFVRPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N AZD1080 Chemical compound OC=1NC2=CC=C(C#N)C=C2C=1C(N=C1)=CC=C1CN1CCOCC1 BLTVBQXJFVRPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FHCSBLWRGCOVPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N AZD2858 Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C=2N=C(C(N)=NC=2)C(=O)NC=2C=NC=CC=2)C=C1 FHCSBLWRGCOVPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101150115490 Aldh1a3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101100256985 Arabidopsis thaliana SIS3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229940123644 Bcl9 inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 101800001382 Betacellulin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101100028030 Bos taurus OPCML gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101100257372 Caenorhabditis elegans sox-3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000011632 Caseins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010076119 Caseins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000016362 Catenins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010067316 Catenins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000282693 Cercopithecidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 108010005939 Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100031614 Ciliary neurotrophic factor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010042086 Collagen Type IV Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004266 Collagen Type IV Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102000029816 Collagenase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108060005980 Collagenase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000015775 Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010024682 Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000001879 Curdlan Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002558 Curdlan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-RXMQYKEDSA-N D-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-RXMQYKEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101100239628 Danio rerio myca gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010053770 Deoxyribonucleases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000016911 Deoxyribonucleases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000004648 Distal-less homeobox proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101800000155 Epiregulin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000282324 Felis Species 0.000 description 2
- 102100028072 Fibroblast growth factor 4 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101710087964 Forkhead box protein G1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920002148 Gellan gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 102100039289 Glial fibrillary acidic protein Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101710193519 Glial fibrillary acidic protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000012571 GlutaMAX medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012981 Hank's balanced salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102100021866 Hepatocyte growth factor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101001060274 Homo sapiens Fibroblast growth factor 4 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000958332 Homo sapiens Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus protein G6d Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010003272 Hyaluronate lyase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000001974 Hyaluronidases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 102000004877 Insulin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090001061 Insulin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100024392 Insulin gene enhancer protein ISL-1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000723 Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000014429 Insulin-like growth factor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102000000589 Interleukin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010002352 Interleukin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-NUEINMDLSA-N Isotretinoin Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-NUEINMDLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108700021430 Kruppel-Like Factor 4 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101150017554 LGR5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- HRJWTAWVFDCTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N LY-2090314 Chemical compound C1CN(C=23)C=C(C=4C(NC(=O)C=4C=4N5C=CC=CC5=NC=4)=O)C3=CC(F)=CC=2CN1C(=O)N1CCCCC1 HRJWTAWVFDCTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100038210 Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus protein G6d Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101150039798 MYC gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100025748 Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101710143111 Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101100189471 Mus musculus Pbx1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101100257376 Mus musculus Sox3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108700041619 Myeloid Ecotropic Viral Integration Site 1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000047831 Myeloid Ecotropic Viral Integration Site 1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- NWIBSHFKIJFRCO-WUDYKRTCSA-N Mytomycin Chemical compound C1N2C(C(C(C)=C(N)C3=O)=O)=C3[C@@H](COC(N)=O)[C@@]2(OC)[C@@H]2[C@H]1N2 NWIBSHFKIJFRCO-WUDYKRTCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000014413 Neuregulin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108050003475 Neuregulin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010029350 Neurotoxicity Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108090000099 Neurotrophin-4 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000057128 Olfactory Marker Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101710166569 Olfactory marker protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100026459 POU domain, class 3, transcription factor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000526 Papain Proteins 0.000 description 2
- BUQLXKSONWUQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Parthenolide Natural products CC1C2OC(=O)C(=C)C2CCC(=C/CCC1(C)O)C BUQLXKSONWUQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100035846 Pigment epithelium-derived factor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 229940083344 Platelet-derived growth factor receptor agonist Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 102100029837 Probetacellulin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100025498 Proepiregulin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010059712 Pronase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010029485 Protein Isoforms Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000001708 Protein Isoforms Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000315 Protein Kinase C Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000003923 Protein Kinase C Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000004373 Pullulan Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001218 Pullulan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDKIEBFIMCSCBB-CALJPSDSSA-N SIS3 Chemical compound Cl.C1C=2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=2CCN1C(=O)\C=C\C(C1=CC=CN=C1N1C)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 CDKIEBFIMCSCBB-CALJPSDSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101150086694 SLC22A3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010039491 Sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010043267 Sp7 Transcription Factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JDSJDASOXWCHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N TDZD-8 Chemical compound O=C1N(C)SC(=O)N1CC1=CC=CC=C1 JDSJDASOXWCHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010065917 TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000013530 TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 235000004298 Tamarindus indica Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000004584 Tamarindus indica Species 0.000 description 2
- 102000000591 Tight Junction Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010002321 Tight Junction Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010044221 Toxic encephalopathy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102100032317 Transcription factor Sp7 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102000004338 Transferrin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000901 Transferrin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920004890 Triton X-100 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 102000004142 Trypsin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000631 Trypsin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004243 Tubulin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000704 Tubulin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010063130 Type II Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000010571 Type II Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010073929 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010019530 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100039037 Vascular endothelial growth factor A Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 241000251539 Vertebrata <Metazoa> Species 0.000 description 2
- 108010065472 Vimentin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100035071 Vimentin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010020277 WD repeat containing planar cell polarity effector Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100038258 Wnt inhibitory factor 1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101710194167 Wnt inhibitory factor 1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101100459258 Xenopus laevis myc-a gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960005339 acitretin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LZCDAPDGXCYOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N adapalene Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C3=CC=C(C(=C3)C34CC5CC(CC(C5)C3)C4)OC)=CC=C21 LZCDAPDGXCYOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002916 adapalene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960001445 alitretinoin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RGCKGOZRHPZPFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alizarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=C(O)C(O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 RGCKGOZRHPZPFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IHUNBGSDBOWDMA-AQFIFDHZSA-N all-trans-acitretin Chemical compound COC1=CC(C)=C(\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C(O)=O)C(C)=C1C IHUNBGSDBOWDMA-AQFIFDHZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000692 anti-sense effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- FOIVPCKZDPCJJY-JQIJEIRASA-N arotinoid acid Chemical compound C=1C=C(C(CCC2(C)C)(C)C)C2=CC=1C(/C)=C/C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 FOIVPCKZDPCJJY-JQIJEIRASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-galactosamine Natural products NC1C(O)OC(CO)C(O)C1O MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 2
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000004956 cell adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032823 cell division Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002458 cell surface marker Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001612 chondrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229960002424 collagenase Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006059 cover glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004748 cultured cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000019316 curdlan Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940078035 curdlan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004520 electroporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002242 embryoid body Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000001900 endoderm Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003797 essential amino acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020776 essential amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000001031 ethmoid bone Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002964 excitative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229950003662 fenretinide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001943 fluorescence-activated cell sorting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000010492 gellan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000216 gellan gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000005046 glial fibrillary acidic protein Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229960002442 glucosamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000004565 granule cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003494 hepatocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229920002674 hyaluronan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229960003160 hyaluronic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960002773 hyaluronidase Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000002267 hypothalamic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003016 hypothalamus Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000003364 immunohistochemistry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940125396 insulin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 108010090448 insulin gene enhancer binding protein Isl-1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000031146 intracellular signal transduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960005280 isotretinoin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000001638 lipofection Methods 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000711 locust bean gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002901 mesenchymal stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003716 mesoderm Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- BVWTXUYLKBHMOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vanillate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C(OC)=C1 BVWTXUYLKBHMOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002900 methylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000003097 mucus Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 201000006417 multiple sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- YAEMHJKFIIIULI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-methoxybenzyl)-n'-(5-nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)urea Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1CNC(=O)NC1=NC=C([N+]([O-])=O)S1 YAEMHJKFIIIULI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMPGEBOIKULBCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methyl-3-(1h-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yloxy)benzamide Chemical compound C1CN(CC)CCN1CC(C(=C1)C(F)(F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C(OC=2C=3C=CNC=3N=CC=2)=C1 SMPGEBOIKULBCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000002850 nasal mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229940053128 nerve growth factor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000004770 neurodegeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000015122 neurodegenerative disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000007135 neurotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000228 neurotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000963 osteoblast Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229940055729 papain Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019834 papain Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KTEXNACQROZXEV-PVLRGYAZSA-N parthenolide Chemical compound C1CC(/C)=C/CC[C@@]2(C)O[C@@H]2[C@H]2OC(=O)C(=C)[C@@H]21 KTEXNACQROZXEV-PVLRGYAZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940069510 parthenolide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960000292 pectin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000003819 peripheral blood mononuclear cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000026731 phosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006366 phosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000608 photoreceptor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 108090000102 pigment epithelium-derived factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000013600 plasmid vector Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004804 polysaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 108010057417 polysialyl neural cell adhesion molecule Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 101150027852 pou3f2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 235000019423 pullulan Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000004289 pyrazol-3-yl group Chemical group [H]N1N=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000246 pyrimidin-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=NC(*)=NC([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229940107700 pyruvic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000013441 quality evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003994 retinal ganglion cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000790 retinal pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940083542 sodium Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000015424 sodium Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101150077014 sox10 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 210000000278 spinal cord Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000010491 tara gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000213 tara gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012581 transferrin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229950008964 trifarotene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001322 trypsin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000002444 unipotent stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000005048 vimentin Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WFZPJYYCTSHDJI-ATIWLJMLSA-N (2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-carboxy-2-[[(2R)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-3-carboxy-2-[[(2S)-2-formamido-4-(methylthio)-1-oxobutyl]amino]-1-oxopropyl]amino]-1-oxoethyl]amino]-3-mercapto-1-oxopropyl]amino]-1-oxobutyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](NC=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O WFZPJYYCTSHDJI-ATIWLJMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGSURTOFVLAWDC-QZABAPFNSA-N (2r,3r,4r,5s,6r)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-sulfanyloxane-2,3,4-triol Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1S KGSURTOFVLAWDC-QZABAPFNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZOFCQQQCNRIBI-VMXHOPILSA-N (3s)-4-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-1-[[(1s)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-[[2-[[(2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCCN MZOFCQQQCNRIBI-VMXHOPILSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCUOEKSZWPGJIM-YBRHCDHNSA-N (e,2e)-2-hydroxyimino-6-methoxy-4-methyl-5-nitrohex-3-enamide Chemical compound COCC([N+]([O-])=O)\C(C)=C\C(=N/O)\C(N)=O HCUOEKSZWPGJIM-YBRHCDHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 1
- NCYCYZXNIZJOKI-IOUUIBBYSA-N 11-cis-retinal Chemical compound O=C/C=C(\C)/C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C NCYCYZXNIZJOKI-IOUUIBBYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRDFBSVERLRRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2'-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2,5'-bibenzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=C(C=3NC4=CC(=CC=C4N=3)N3CCN(C)CC3)C=C2N1 PRDFBSVERLRRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004198 2-fluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(F)=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- WYGLXTDVKXMJAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-4-(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)pyridine Chemical compound CC1=NC=CC(=C1)C1=NC=CC=C1C WYGLXTDVKXMJAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004105 2-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([*])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- MCKLJFJEQRYRQT-APGJSSKUSA-N 20-hydroxycholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@@](C)(O)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 MCKLJFJEQRYRQT-APGJSSKUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWHVZCLBMTZRQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2H-pyrazolo[4,3-b]quinoxalin-3-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC3=C(N)NN=C3N=C21 DWHVZCLBMTZRQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCAXGCSCRRVVLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,4,4-tetrachlorothiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound ClC1(Cl)CS(=O)(=O)CC1(Cl)Cl GCAXGCSCRRVVLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEJQXBXPRXFJDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3,3-dihydroxypropoxy)propane-1,1-diol Chemical class OC(O)CCOCCC(O)O BEJQXBXPRXFJDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQZSHPITKSPDLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-[[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]sulfanylmethyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1=NOC(CSC=2N(C(C)=NN=2)C=2C=CC(OC)=CC=2)=N1 LQZSHPITKSPDLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLGRAWDGLMENOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[5-[4-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-(1h-indol-3-yl)pyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound C1CN(C(=O)C(C)(O)C)CCN1C1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C(C=2C(NC(=O)C=2C=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=2)=O)=C1 CLGRAWDGLMENOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNTPTSFVGRSTDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-amino-5-[4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]thiophene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound NC1=C(C(=O)N)SC(C=2C=CC(CN3CCOCC3)=CC=2)=C1 UNTPTSFVGRSTDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXZDWPYJFCAZCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-4,7-difluoro-n-[4-(methylamino)cyclohexyl]-n-[(3-pyridin-4-ylphenyl)methyl]-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1CC(NC)CCC1N(C(=O)C1=C(C2=C(F)C=CC(F)=C2S1)Cl)CC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CN=CC=2)=C1 RXZDWPYJFCAZCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003349 3-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- ULVWJFBHQIXEPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethyl-7,8-dimethoxypyrrolo[3,4-c]isoquinoline-1,3-dione Chemical compound C12=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C2C(CC)=NC2=C1C(=O)NC2=O ULVWJFBHQIXEPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150053137 AIF1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100038079 AP2-associated protein kinase 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000005869 Activating Transcription Factors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010052946 Activin Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000018918 Activin Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100034134 Activin receptor type-1B Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100027647 Activin receptor type-2B Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000005751 Alcohol Oxidoreductases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010031132 Alcohol Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000024827 Alzheimer disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100038778 Amphiregulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010033760 Amphiregulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108020000948 Antisense Oligonucleotides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000486679 Antitype Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004888 Aquaporin 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001004 Aquaporin 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090000976 Aquaporin 5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004392 Aquaporin 5 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000271566 Aves Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100036597 Basement membrane-specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000255789 Bombyx mori Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010049931 Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010049955 Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010049976 Bone Morphogenetic Protein 5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010049974 Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010049870 Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100028726 Bone morphogenetic protein 10 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710118482 Bone morphogenetic protein 10 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100022526 Bone morphogenetic protein 5 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100022525 Bone morphogenetic protein 6 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100025423 Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100027052 Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100025422 Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000014644 Brain disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- IBFCBZQRZXSCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=C(N(CC=C1)C2=NC=C(C=C2)N3CCN(CC3)C(=O)C)C4=CC(=NC=C4)F Chemical compound CC1=C(N(CC=C1)C2=NC=C(C=C2)N3CCN(CC3)C(=O)C)C4=CC(=NC=C4)F IBFCBZQRZXSCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000000584 Calmodulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010041952 Calmodulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150117824 Calr gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000008122 Casein Kinase I Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010049812 Casein Kinase I Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940076606 Casein kinase 1 inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241000700198 Cavia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000202252 Cerberus Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010008111 Cerebral haemorrhage Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000251556 Chordata Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100035932 Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000012422 Collagen Type I Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010022452 Collagen Type I Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000035473 Communicable disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000699800 Cricetinae Species 0.000 description 1
- 101150059254 Cux1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100029157 Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel alpha-4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100036219 Cyclic nucleotide-gated olfactory channel Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100036194 Cytochrome P450 2A6 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101150051240 DLX2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000702421 Dependoparvovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 101150070666 Dlx1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100460668 Dothistroma septosporum (strain NZE10 / CBS 128990) Nor1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100295848 Drosophila melanogaster Optix gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000001301 EGF receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108060006698 EGF receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000006145 Eagle's minimal essential medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000032274 Encephalopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100030751 Eomesodermin homolog Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000283086 Equidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 101150099612 Esrrb gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000896 Ethulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001859 Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010000722 Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100031563 Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100026979 Exocyst complex component 4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100037733 Fatty acid-binding protein, brain Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710098548 Fatty acid-binding protein, brain Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000003971 Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000386 Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000016970 Follistatin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010014612 Follistatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091006027 G proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100033924 GS homeobox 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000030782 GTP binding Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091000058 GTP-Binding Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091010837 Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000060234 Gmelina philippensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100038367 Gremlin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010090290 Growth Differentiation Factor 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010090250 Growth Differentiation Factor 6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100040892 Growth/differentiation factor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100035379 Growth/differentiation factor 5 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710204282 Growth/differentiation factor 5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710204281 Growth/differentiation factor 6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710204283 Growth/differentiation factor 7 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150092640 HES1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000016988 Hemorrhagic Stroke Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108090000100 Hepatocyte Growth Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150029234 Hes5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100038885 Histone acetyltransferase p300 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100030234 Homeobox protein cut-like 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241001272567 Hominoidea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- 101000742699 Homo sapiens AP2-associated protein kinase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000799189 Homo sapiens Activin receptor type-1B Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000934638 Homo sapiens Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000984546 Homo sapiens Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000934635 Homo sapiens Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000715592 Homo sapiens Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000771069 Homo sapiens Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel alpha-4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000875054 Homo sapiens Cyclic nucleotide-gated olfactory channel Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000875170 Homo sapiens Cytochrome P450 2A6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001064167 Homo sapiens Eomesodermin homolog Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000911699 Homo sapiens Exocyst complex component 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100281008 Homo sapiens FGF2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001068302 Homo sapiens GS homeobox 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001032872 Homo sapiens Gremlin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000882390 Homo sapiens Histone acetyltransferase p300 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000726740 Homo sapiens Homeobox protein cut-like 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001050886 Homo sapiens Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000979249 Homo sapiens Neuromodulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000761460 Homo sapiens Protein CASP Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001051777 Homo sapiens Protein kinase C alpha type Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001092197 Homo sapiens RNA binding protein fox-1 homolog 3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001078886 Homo sapiens Retinaldehyde-binding protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001050288 Homo sapiens Transcription factor Jun Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000801254 Homo sapiens Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090000144 Human Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003839 Human Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000023105 Huntington disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001479 Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 101150047228 Id3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000002746 Inhibins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010004250 Inhibins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940123456 Insulin-like growth factor receptor agonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010064593 Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000015271 Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100040445 Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 14 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100033421 Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 18 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100025756 Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 5 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010066321 Keratin-14 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010066327 Keratin-18 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010070553 Keratin-5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000288903 Lemuridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000713666 Lentivirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940122140 Lim kinase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241000288982 Loris Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100024985 Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101150009249 MAP2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ACFGRWJEQJVZTM-LEJBHHMKSA-L Magnesium L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(OP([O-])([O-])=O)=C1O ACFGRWJEQJVZTM-LEJBHHMKSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 101150118570 Msx2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000711408 Murine respirovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100012007 Mus musculus Etv1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100175316 Mus musculus Gdf5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000978776 Mus musculus Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000687343 Mus musculus PR domain zinc finger protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100038895 Myc proto-oncogene protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710135898 Myc proto-oncogene protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940122960 Myosin inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000005156 Müller Glia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108700026495 N-Myc Proto-Oncogene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZJZWZIXSGNFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[4-[[[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxanyl]methylamino]-oxomethyl]phenyl]-2-furancarboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1(CNC(=O)C=2C=CC(NC(=O)C=3OC=CC=3)=CC=2)CCOCC1 ZJZWZIXSGNFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDIIPHSWQAYAPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[4-amino-4-[(3-pyridin-2-ylphenyl)methyl]cyclohexyl]-3-chloro-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound N1=C(C=CC=C1)C=1C=C(CC2(CCC(CC2)NC(=O)C2=C(C3=C(S2)C=CC=C3)Cl)N)C=CC=1 DDIIPHSWQAYAPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100030124 N-myc proto-oncogene protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000007072 Nerve Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000028389 Nerve injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100023206 Neuromodulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000004230 Neurotrophin 3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000742 Neurotrophin 3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003683 Neurotrophin-4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100033857 Neurotrophin-4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101150056950 Ntrk2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108700020796 Oncogene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004067 Osteocalcin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000573 Osteocalcin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010081689 Osteopontin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004264 Osteopontin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229940121878 P300 inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108091008606 PDGF receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150102856 POU2F1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 208000018737 Parkinson disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000011653 Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010039918 Polylysine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150008375 Pou4f1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000001253 Protein Kinase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000009516 Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010009341 Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100024924 Protein kinase C alpha type Human genes 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010067520 RADA16-I Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091008730 RAR-related orphan receptors β Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150036710 REEP6 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100035530 RNA binding protein fox-1 homolog 3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101100437153 Rattus norvegicus Acvr2b gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000018210 Recoverin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010076570 Recoverin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100024694 Reelin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700038365 Reelin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091027981 Response element Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100028001 Retinaldehyde-binding protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100040756 Rhodopsin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000820 Rhodopsin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010023918 S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150106167 SOX9 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000761953 Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972 / ATCC 24843) Protein kinase byr2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100030053 Secreted frizzled-related protein 3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700010572 Sine oculis homeobox homolog 3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002105 Southern blotting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000001744 T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940125920 TGFβR inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102000040945 Transcription factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091023040 Transcription factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100023132 Transcription factor Jun Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710150448 Transcriptional regulator Myc Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000006747 Transforming Growth Factor alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010009583 Transforming Growth Factors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000009618 Transforming Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101800004564 Transforming growth factor alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000030886 Traumatic Brain injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108060008682 Tumor Necrosis Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000000852 Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100033725 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101150098329 Tyro3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150088486 UNCX gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100025038 Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710186825 Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010016200 Zinc Finger Protein GLI1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QHLITPHIARVDJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1-[4-(2-naphthalenyl)-2-pyrimidinyl]-4-piperidinyl]methanamine Chemical compound C1CC(CN)CCN1C1=NC=CC(C=2C=C3C=CC=CC3=CC=2)=N1 QHLITPHIARVDJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108060000200 adenylate cyclase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000030621 adenylate cyclase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000001691 amnion Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 206010002026 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004102 animal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000074 antisense oligonucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012230 antisense oligonucleotides Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000607 artificial tear Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003305 autocrine Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003050 axon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000036815 beta tubulin Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001222 biopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002449 bone cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002805 bone matrix Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000014823 calbindin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108060001061 calbindin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000003715 calcium chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- NPAKNKYSJIDKMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carvedilol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OCCNCC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=C[CH]C3=C12 NPAKNKYSJIDKMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004195 carvedilol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010015046 cell aggregation factors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000022131 cell cycle Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005779 cell damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000037887 cell injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003855 cell nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003986 cell retinal photoreceptor Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000017455 cell-cell adhesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001638 cerebellum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 206010008118 cerebral infarction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000026106 cerebrovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010008846 chordin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000006533 chordin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000003501 co-culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005188 collagen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000512 collagen gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009260 cross reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000695 crystalline len Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000805 cytoplasm Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000030609 dephosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006209 dephosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002086 dextran Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003027 ear inner Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108010018033 endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000003038 endothelium Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001339 epidermal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 102000052116 epidermal growth factor receptor activity proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700015053 epidermal growth factor receptor activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003560 epithelium corneal Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019326 ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010195 expression analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001508 eye Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- NGOGFTYYXHNFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N fasudil Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CN=CC=C2C=1S(=O)(=O)N1CCCNCC1 NGOGFTYYXHNFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003325 follicular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012737 fresh medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002825 functional assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940014259 gelatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001654 germ layer Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001434 glomerular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009459 hedgehog signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003958 hematopoietic stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- ZFGMDIBRIDKWMY-PASTXAENSA-N heparin Chemical compound CC(O)=N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](COS(O)(=O)=O)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C(O)=O)O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OS(O)(=O)=O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]3[C@@H](OC(O)[C@H](OS(O)(=O)=O)[C@H]3O)C(O)=O)O[C@@H]2O)CS(O)(=O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O ZFGMDIBRIDKWMY-PASTXAENSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000833 heterodimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000710 homodimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920013819 hydroxyethyl ethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZAVGJDAFCZAWSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyfasudil Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=NC=CC2=C1S(=O)(=O)N1CCCNCC1 ZAVGJDAFCZAWSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000893 inhibin Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZPNFWUPYTFPOJU-LPYSRVMUSA-N iniprol Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H]2CSSC[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=4C=CC(O)=CC=4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=4C=CC=CC=4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=4C=CC(O)=CC=4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=4C=CC=CC=4)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC2=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]2N(CCC2)C(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N3)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZPNFWUPYTFPOJU-LPYSRVMUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004692 intercellular junction Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001153 interneuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002490 intestinal epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001955 intestinal smooth muscle cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004068 intracellular signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007728 intracellular signaling mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000020658 intracerebral hemorrhage Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000302 ischemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FZWBNHMXJMCXLU-BLAUPYHCSA-N isomaltotriose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O)O1 FZWBNHMXJMCXLU-BLAUPYHCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGSXEXBYLJIOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N iwr-1-endo Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CN=C2C=1NC(=O)C(C=C1)=CC=C1N1C(=O)C2C(C=C3)CC3C2C1=O ZGSXEXBYLJIOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QQUXFYAWXPMDOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N kenpaullone Chemical compound C1C(=O)NC2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C1=CC(Br)=CC=C1N2 QQUXFYAWXPMDOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011813 knockout mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 101150002688 kremen1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150108076 lin28a gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940019452 loris Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001259 mesencephalon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007431 microscopic evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 101150087532 mitF gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229960004857 mitomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010369 molecular cloning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002052 molecular layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002757 morpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004899 motility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940028444 muse Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JYCNWQGNEJYDQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-5-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amine Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(C)=CC=C1NC1=NN=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)[N+]([O-])=O)O1 JYCNWQGNEJYDQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOHYSYJDKVYCJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[3-[[6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]phenyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(NC=2N=CN=C(NC=3C=C(NC(=O)C4CC4)C=CC=3)C=2)=C1 YOHYSYJDKVYCJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003928 nasal cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000013642 negative control Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001577 neostriatum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008764 nerve damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003900 neurotrophic factor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940032018 neurotrophin 3 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940097998 neurotrophin 4 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100001083 no cytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 108700007229 noggin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000045246 noggin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethyltrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000535 oligodendrocyte precursor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002220 organoid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002997 osteoclast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004409 osteocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002188 osteogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000578 peripheral nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000033808 peripheral neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010049224 perlecan Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950004354 phosphorylcholine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001817 pituitary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003169 placental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004987 plasma desorption mass spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010000685 platelet-derived growth factor AB Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002432 poly(vinyl methyl ether) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000656 polylysine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010055896 polyornithine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002714 polyornithine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013641 positive control Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013630 prepared media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 210000004129 prosencephalon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000019419 proteases Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011814 protection agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108060006633 protein kinase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000002763 pyramidal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003753 real-time PCR Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003370 receptor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003571 reporter gene assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001533 respiratory mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000964 retinal cone photoreceptor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000880 retinal rod photoreceptor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108010056030 retronectin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102200044943 rs121913400 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000003248 secreting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HVAKSLUOHARFLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium;sodium Chemical compound [Se][Na] HVAKSLUOHARFLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000697 sensory organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008786 sensory perception of smell Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002265 sensory receptor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012174 single-cell RNA sequencing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001988 somatic stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000020431 spinal cord injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003699 striated muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002536 stromal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003523 substantia nigra Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000000225 synapse Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000946 synaptic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000001587 telencephalon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001550 testis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000025366 tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009529 traumatic brain injury Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 210000003901 trigeminal nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000701161 unidentified adenovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001430294 unidentified retrovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002861 ventricular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008189 vertebrate development Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940121396 wnt pathway inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
- A61K35/30—Nerves; Brain; Eyes; Corneal cells; Cerebrospinal fluid; Neuronal stem cells; Neuronal precursor cells; Glial cells; Oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells; Astroglia; Astrocytes; Choroid plexus; Spinal cord tissue
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
- A61K35/36—Skin; Hair; Nails; Sebaceous glands; Cerumen; Epidermis; Epithelial cells; Keratinocytes; Langerhans cells; Ectodermal cells
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/02—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for peripheral neuropathies
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
- C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
- C12N5/0618—Cells of the nervous system
- C12N5/0619—Neurons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
- C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
- C12N5/0618—Cells of the nervous system
- C12N5/062—Sensory transducers, e.g. photoreceptors; Sensory neurons, e.g. for hearing, taste, smell, pH, touch, temperature, pain
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
- C12N2501/10—Growth factors
- C12N2501/11—Epidermal growth factor [EGF]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
- C12N2501/10—Growth factors
- C12N2501/115—Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF-2)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
- C12N2501/10—Growth factors
- C12N2501/15—Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
- C12N2501/10—Growth factors
- C12N2501/155—Bone morphogenic proteins [BMP]; Osteogenins; Osteogenic factor; Bone inducing factor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
- C12N2501/40—Regulators of development
- C12N2501/41—Hedgehog proteins; Cyclopamine (inhibitor)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
- C12N2501/40—Regulators of development
- C12N2501/415—Wnt; Frizzeled
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
- C12N2501/70—Enzymes
- C12N2501/72—Transferases [EC 2.]
- C12N2501/727—Kinases (EC 2.7.)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2506/00—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells
- C12N2506/02—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells from embryonic cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2506/00—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells
- C12N2506/45—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells from artificially induced pluripotent stem cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2513/00—3D culture
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2533/00—Supports or coatings for cell culture, characterised by material
- C12N2533/50—Proteins
- C12N2533/52—Fibronectin; Laminin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or progenitor cells thereof in vitro, and a method for producing the same. Further, the present invention relates to a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof, in which the cell mass contains both nervous system cells and non-neural epithelial tissue.
- Non-Patent Document 1 co-culture of embryoid bodies formed from mouse iPS cells with olfactory epithelium or olfactory bulb primary culture cells collected from mice It has been reported that by doing so, differentiation of nerve cells expressing some olfactory nerve cell markers is induced.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently producing a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof from pluripotent stem cells.
- using a feeder-free cultured pluripotent stem cell as a starting material without using primary cultured cells of the olfactory epithelium or olfactory bulb separated from a living body, efficiently produce a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof. Is to provide an approach.
- the present inventors have conducted repeated studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and found that pluripotent stem cells were cultured in suspension in the presence of a first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor, and once a BMP signaling pathway agent was added. After culturing for a certain period of time, it was found that a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or progenitor cells thereof can be efficiently produced by further adding at least one of an FGF signaling pathway activator and a BMP signaling pathway inhibitor. .
- the addition conditions of the BMP signaling pathway active substance, the FGF signaling pathway active substance and the BMP signaling pathway inhibitor are optimized, and the BMP signaling pathway active substance is added within 72 hours from the start of suspension culture of the pluripotent stem cells.
- the olfactory nerve by pre-culturing pluripotent stem cells in the absence of feeder cells with at least one selected from the group consisting of a TGF ⁇ family signaling pathway inhibitor and a sonic hedgehog signaling pathway agonist, the olfactory nerve It has been found that the production efficiency of a cell mass containing cells or their precursor cells can be improved. That is, the present invention relates to those exemplified below.
- a method for producing a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof comprising the following steps (1) to (3): (1) suspension culture of the pluripotent stem cells in the presence of the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor to form a cell aggregate; A step (2) of suspension-culturing the cell aggregate obtained in the step (1) in the presence of a substance acting on a BMP signaling pathway; A step (3) of suspension-culturing the cell aggregate obtained in the step (2) to obtain the cell mass, A step (3a) of suspension culture in the presence of an FGF signal transduction pathway agent, Step (3b) of suspension culture in the presence of a BMP signaling pathway inhibitor, and Step (3c) of suspension culture in the presence of an FGF signaling pathway agonist and a BMP signaling pathway inhibitor (3) including at least one step selected from the group consisting of: [2] The method according to [1], wherein the step (3) includes the step (3a), and further includes the step (3c) after the step (3a).
- the step (3) includes the step (3b) or the step (3c), and after the step (3b) or the step (3c), floats in the absence of a BMP signaling pathway inhibitor.
- an agent that acts on an EGF signaling pathway is further present.
- the pluripotent stem cell is selected from the group consisting of 1) a TGF ⁇ family signaling pathway inhibitor and a sonic hedgehog signaling pathway agonist in the absence of feeder cells.
- the start time of the step (2) is a time when 10% or more of cells in the surface layer of the cell aggregate formed in the step (1) form tight junctions with each other, [1] The production method according to any one of to [7]. [9] The method according to any one of [1] to [8], wherein the substance acting on the BMP signaling pathway includes at least one protein selected from the group consisting of BMP2, BMP4, BMP7, BMP13, and GDF7. [10] The method according to any one of [1] to [9], wherein the BMP signaling pathway acting substance comprises BMP4, and the culturing in the step (2) is started in a medium having a BMP4 concentration of 25 pM to 5 nM. The manufacturing method as described.
- the step (3) includes at least one step selected from the group consisting of the step (3a) and the step (3c), wherein the FGF signal transduction pathway agent is FGF2 and FGF8, and The production method according to any one of [1] to [10], comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of variants of the above.
- Method [13] The method according to any one of [1] to [12], wherein the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor is present in at least one step selected from the group consisting of the step (2) and the step (3).
- the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor comprises a PORCN inhibitor.
- the PORCN inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of IWP-2, IWP-3, IWP-4, IWP-L6, IWP-12, LGK-974, Wnt-C59, ETC-159 and GNF-6231.
- the production method according to [15] including at least one.
- the step (3) includes at least one step selected from the group consisting of the step (3b) and the step (3c), wherein the BMP signaling pathway inhibitor is a type I BMP receptor inhibitor
- the BMP signaling pathway inhibitor is a type I BMP receptor inhibitor
- a TGF ⁇ signaling pathway inhibitor is further present [1] to [22].
- the Alk5 / TGF ⁇ R1 inhibitor comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of SB431542, SB505124, SB525334, LY2157299, GW788388, LY364947, SD-208, EW-7197, A83-01, and RepSox.
- the GSK3 inhibitor includes CHIR99021, CHIR98014, TWS119, SB216763, SB415286, BIO, AZD2858, AZD1080, AR-A014418, TDZD-8, LY2090314, IM-12, Indirubin, Bi1072a, 3kin72A, 3kinin2, Bikinin, 3kin72A, [33] or [34], including at least one selected from the group consisting of 10Z-Hymenialdisine, Indirubin-3'-oxime, NSC 696868, TC-G24, TCS2002, TCS21311, CP21R7, and derivatives of these compounds.
- the TAK1 inhibitor comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of (5Z) -7-Oxoseaenol, N-Des (aminocarbonyl) AZ-TAK1 inhibitor, Takinib, NG25, and derivatives of these compounds. [38] ] The production method according to [1]. [40] The production according to [38] or [39], wherein the TAK1 inhibitor comprises (5Z) -7-Oxoseaenol, and the concentration of the (5Z) -7-Oxoseaenol in the medium is 10 nM to 50 ⁇ M. Method.
- step (3) includes a step (3e) of culturing after the step (3a), the step (3b) or the step (3c).
- the substance is selected from the group consisting of a BMP signaling pathway inhibitor, a TGF ⁇ signaling pathway inhibitor, a Wnt signaling pathway acting substance, an FGF signaling pathway acting substance, and an EGF signaling pathway acting substance.
- step (3e) a substance that acts on a retinoic acid transmission pathway is further present.
- the retinoic acid transfer pathway acting substance is at least one selected from the group consisting of all-trans retinoic acid, isotretinoin, 9-cis retinoic acid, TTNPB, Ch55, EC19, EC23, Fenretinide, Acitretin, Trifarotene, and Adapalene.
- the production method according to [43], comprising: [45] The production method according to [43] or [44], wherein the retinoic acid pathway pathway substance comprises EC23, and the concentration of the EC23 in the medium is 10 pM to 10 ⁇ M.
- the thickener includes methyl cellulose, pectin, guar gum, xanthan gum, tamarind gum, carrageenan, locust bean gum, gellan gum, dextrin, diutan gum, starch, tara gum, alginic acid, curdlan, sodium casein, carob bean gum, chitin,
- [62] The production method according to any one of [1] to [61], wherein in the step (3), a second Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor different from the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor is further present. .
- the production method according to [62] or [63], wherein the second Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor comprises a tankyrase inhibitor.
- the Tankyrase inhibitor comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of XAV939, IWR1-endo, MN-64, WIKI4, TC-E5001, JW55, and AZ6102. .
- the neural cell or a precursor cell thereof includes a neural cell constituting a central nervous system or a precursor cell thereof, and at least a part of the surface of the neural tissue portion is coated with the non-neural epithelial tissue portion. mass.
- the non-neural epithelial tissue portion further includes a basement membrane-like structure, wherein the basement membrane-like structure is formed between the non-neural epithelial tissue portion and the neural tissue portion, [70] or [71].
- the cell mass according to 1. [73] The cell mass according to [70], wherein the non-neural epithelial tissue portion forms a multi-row epithelium or a stratified epithelium. [74] The method according to any one of [70] to [73], wherein the non-neural epithelial tissue portion includes an olfactory epithelium-like tissue, and the olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof are contained in the olfactory epithelium-like tissue. Cell mass.
- the cell mass according to [74], wherein the olfactory epithelium-like tissue further includes at least two types of cells selected from the group consisting of supporting cells, basal cells, Bowman's gland cells, and precursor cells thereof.
- the olfactory epithelium-like tissue has a basal surface facing the nerve tissue portion, and a top end surface located on the opposite side to the basal surface, The basal plane faces the basement membrane,
- the olfactory epithelium-like tissue includes an olfactory epithelium inner portion and an olfactory epithelium peripheral portion provided around the olfactory epithelium inner portion,
- the olfactory epithelium contains Sox2, Tuj1 and Ascl1 positive cells,
- the cell mass according to any one of [74] to [77], wherein the peripheral part of the olfactory epithelium includes Pax6 and Pbx-positive cells.
- the cell mass according to any of [74] to [78], wherein the olfactory epithelium-like tissue further includes olfactory nerve sheath cells or precursor cells thereof.
- the non-neural epithelial tissue portion further includes a non-neural epithelial tissue other than the olfactory epithelium-like tissue.
- the non-neural epithelial tissue includes respiratory epithelial cells.
- the nervous system cell or a precursor cell thereof further includes a cell constituting a retina or a precursor cell thereof.
- a therapeutic agent for a disease based on impairment of the olfactory system comprising a cell or tissue contained in the cell mass according to any one of [69] to [86].
- a therapeutic agent for a disease based on a nerve tissue disorder comprising a cell or a tissue contained in the cell mass according to any one of [69] to [86].
- a kit for evaluating neurotoxicity or efficacy comprising a nerve cell or nerve tissue contained in the cell mass according to any one of [69] to [86].
- a screening kit for olfactory receptors comprising olfactory nerve cells or olfactory epithelium-like tissue contained in the cell mass according to any one of [69] to [86].
- a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof can be efficiently produced from pluripotent stem cells.
- A is a diagram schematically showing the structure of a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or their precursor cells.
- B is a schematic diagram in which a portion surrounded by a dotted line in A is enlarged.
- FIGS. 7A to 7E are diagrams schematically showing another embodiment of the cell mass of the present invention.
- the upper row shows the results of fluorescent immunostaining of the frozen section of the cell mass on day 28 of culture in Preliminary Experiment 1 using an anti-Lhx2 antibody.
- the lower part is a graph that outputs a linear fluorescence intensity profile of the region of interest indicated by the line segment A-A 'in the upper part.
- the upper part is a diagram schematically showing a procedure for producing a cell aggregate containing nerve cells from human ES cells in Comparative Experiment 1.
- the lower part A is a view showing a bright-field observation image of the cell aggregate 28 days after the start of the suspension culture in the comparative experiment 1 using an inverted microscope.
- Lower panels BG show the results of examining the expression status of each cell marker in the aggregates 28 days after the start of suspension culture by fluorescent immunostaining.
- B to E show Dlx5, Sox1, and PanCK stained images and their nuclear stained images, respectively.
- F and G show the stained image of Tuj1 and its nuclear stained image, respectively.
- the scale bar in A indicates 500 ⁇ m
- the scale bar in B indicates 200 ⁇ m
- the scale bar in F indicates 100 ⁇ m.
- H is a diagram schematically showing the structure of the cell aggregate on day 28 of culture.
- the upper part is a diagram schematically showing a procedure for producing a cell aggregate including a neural tissue and a non-neural epithelial tissue from human ES cells in Comparative Experiment 2.
- the lower row A is a view showing a bright field observation image of an inverted microscope of a cell mass 28 days after the start of suspension culture in Comparative Experiment 2.
- the lower rows BM show the results of examining the expression status of each cell marker in the cell mass 28 days after the start of the suspension culture by fluorescent immunostaining.
- B to E show the stained images of Tuj1, Sox2, and PanCK and the nuclear stained images, respectively.
- FIGS. 4A to 4U are diagrams showing the results of investigating the expression status of each cell marker in the cell aggregate 28 days after the start of suspension culture in Comparative Experiment 2 by fluorescent immunostaining.
- O and P indicate a stained image of Crystalline ⁇ A and a nuclear stained image, respectively.
- Q and R show the staining image of Prox1 and its nuclear staining image, respectively.
- the lower part V is a diagram schematically showing the structure of the cell aggregate on day 28 of culture.
- the upper part is a diagram schematically showing a procedure for producing a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof from human ES cells in Experiment 1.
- the lower part A is a view showing a bright-field observation image of an inverted microscope of a cell mass 13 days after the start of suspension culture in Experiment 1.
- B to L are diagrams showing the results of examining the expression status of each cell marker in the cell mass 13 days after the start of suspension culture in Experiment 1 by fluorescent immunostaining.
- B to E show Dlx5, Sox1, and PanCK stained images and their nuclear stained images, respectively.
- F to I show a stained image of Pax6, AP2 ⁇ , and E-Cadherin, and a nuclear stained image thereof, respectively.
- J to L show the stained images of Otx2 and Sox2 and the nucleus stained images, respectively.
- the scale bar in A indicates 500 ⁇ m.
- the scale bar in B indicates 100 ⁇ m, and the scale bar in F and J indicates 200 ⁇ m.
- M to R show the results obtained by examining the expression status of each cell marker in the cell aggregate 13 days after the start of suspension culture in Experiment 1 by fluorescent immunostaining.
- M to O show the stained images of Six1 and Sp8 and the nuclear stained images, respectively.
- the lower stage S is a diagram schematically showing the structure of a cell aggregate containing a placode-derived tissue on day 13 of culture.
- the upper part is a diagram schematically showing a procedure for producing a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or their precursor cells from human ES cells in Experiment 2.
- the lower part A is a view showing a bright-field observation image of an cell microscope on an inverted microscope 28 days after the start of suspension culture in Experiment 2.
- B to M are diagrams showing the results of examining the expression status of each cell marker in the cell mass 28 days after the start of suspension culture in Experiment 2 by fluorescent immunostaining.
- B to E show the stained images of Bf1, Sp8, and Sox2, and their nuclear stained images, respectively.
- F to I show the stained images of Six1, Ebf2 and NCAM and the nuclear stained images, respectively.
- J to M show the stained images of Otx2, NeuroD, and Tuj1, and their nuclear stained images, respectively.
- the scale bar in A indicates 500 ⁇ m, and the scale bar in B, F and J indicates 100 ⁇ m.
- N to AI show the results of examining the expression status of each cell marker in the cell mass 28 days after the start of suspension culture in Experiment 2 by fluorescent immunostaining.
- N to Q show the staining images of Pax6, Pbx1 / 2/3/4, and E-Cadherin, and the nuclear staining images thereof, respectively.
- RU indicates a stained image of Dlx5, Emx2, and PanCK and a nuclear stained image thereof, respectively.
- V to X show the stained images of Chx10 and N-Cadherin and the nuclear stained images, respectively.
- Y to AA show a stained image of Lhx2 and Calretin, and a nuclear stained image thereof, respectively.
- AB to AE show enlarged views of a part of FI of FIG. 8, respectively.
- AF to AL respectively show partially enlarged views of J to M in FIG.
- A is a diagram schematically showing the structure of a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or their precursor cells on day 28 of culture.
- B is a schematic diagram in which a portion surrounded by a dotted line in A is enlarged.
- the upper part is a diagram schematically showing a procedure for producing a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or their precursor cells from human iPS cells in Experiment 3.
- Lower panels A and B are diagrams showing bright-field observation images of the cell mass 21 days after the start of suspension culture in Experiment 3 using an inverted microscope.
- C to N are diagrams showing the results of examining the expression status of each cell marker in the cell mass 28 days after the start of suspension culture in Experiment 3 by fluorescent immunostaining.
- C to F show the stained images of Tuj1, Sox2, and PanCK and the nuclear stained images, respectively.
- G to J show the stained images of Six1, Sp8, and N-Cadherin and the nucleus stained images, respectively.
- K to N show the stained images of Pax6, Chx10, and EpCAM and the nuclear stained images, respectively.
- the scale bars in A and B indicate 500 ⁇ m, and the scale bars in C, G and K indicate 100 ⁇ m.
- FIGS. 8A to 8Z are diagrams showing the results of examining the expression status of each cell marker in the cell mass 21 days after the start of suspension culture in Experiment 3 by fluorescent immunostaining.
- O to R show the stained images of Otx2, NCAM, and E-Cadherin and the nuclear stained images, respectively.
- SV show the stained images of Tuj1, Ebf1, and PanCK and the nuclear stained images thereof, respectively.
- W to Z show a stained image of Six1, Ebf2, and NCAM and a nuclear stained image thereof, respectively.
- the scale bar in O indicates 100 ⁇ m
- the scale bar in S and W indicates 50 ⁇ m.
- the lower AA is a diagram schematically showing the structure of a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or their precursor cells on day 21 of culture.
- the upper part is a diagram schematically showing a procedure for producing a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or their precursor cells from human iPS cells in Experiment 4.
- Lower row A is a view showing a bright-field observation image of the cell mass 28 days after the start of suspension culture in Experiment 3 using an inverted microscope.
- BM are diagrams showing the results of examining the expression status of each cell marker in the cell mass 28 days after the start of suspension culture in Experiment 3 by fluorescent immunostaining.
- B to E show the stained images of Dlx5, NeuroD1, and NCAM, and their nuclear stained images, respectively.
- F to I show a stained image of p63, Sox2, and E-Cadherin and a nuclear stained image thereof, respectively.
- J to M show the stained images of Pax6, Chx10, and N-Cadherin and the nuclear stained images, respectively.
- the scale bar in A indicates 500 ⁇ m
- the scale bar in B and F indicates 100 ⁇ m
- the scale bar in J indicates 50 ⁇ m.
- NU are diagrams showing the results of examining the expression status of each cell marker in the cell mass 28 days after the start of suspension culture in Experiment 4 by fluorescent immunostaining.
- N to Q show the stained images of Six1, Sp8 and EpCAM and the nucleus stained images, respectively.
- RU indicate a stained image of Tuj1, Ebf2, and PanCK and a nuclear stained image thereof, respectively.
- Scale bars in N and R indicate 100 ⁇ m.
- V is a diagram schematically showing the structure of a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or their progenitor cells on day 28 of culture produced by the method described in Experiment 4.
- the upper part is a diagram schematically showing a procedure for producing a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or their precursor cells from human iPS cells in Experiment 5.
- the lower part A is a view showing a bright-field observation image of an inverted microscope of a cell mass 28 days after the start of suspension culture in Experiment 5.
- B to M are diagrams showing the results of examining the expression status of each cell marker in the cell mass 28 days after the start of suspension culture in Experiment 5 by fluorescent immunostaining.
- B to E show the stained images of Dlx5, NeuroD1, and NCAM, and their nuclear stained images, respectively.
- F to I show a stained image of p63, Sox2, and E-Cadherin and a nuclear stained image thereof, respectively.
- J to M show the stained images of Pax6, Chx10, and N-Cadherin and the nuclear stained images, respectively.
- the scale bar in A represents 500 ⁇ m, and the scale bar in B, F and J represents 100 ⁇ m.
- NU are diagrams showing the results of examining the expression status of each cell marker in the cell mass 28 days after the start of suspension culture in Experiment 5 by fluorescent immunostaining.
- N to Q show the stained images of Six1, Sp8 and EpCAM and the nucleus stained images, respectively.
- RU indicate a stained image of Tuj1, Ebf2, and PanCK and a nuclear stained image thereof, respectively.
- Scale bars in N, R represent 100 ⁇ m.
- the upper part is a diagram schematically showing a procedure for producing a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or their precursor cells from human iPS cells in Experiment 6.
- Lower row A is a view showing a bright-field observation image of an inverted microscope of a cell mass 28 days after the start of suspension culture in Experiment 6.
- B to M are diagrams showing the results of examining the expression status of each cell marker in the cell mass 28 days after the start of suspension culture in Experiment 6 by fluorescent immunostaining.
- B to E show the stained images of Dlx5, NeuroD1, and NCAM, and their nuclear stained images, respectively.
- F to I show a stained image of p63, Sox2, and E-Cadherin and a nuclear stained image thereof, respectively.
- J to M show the stained images of Pax6, Chx10, and N-Cadherin and the nuclear stained images, respectively.
- the scale bar in A represents 500 ⁇ m, and the scale bar in B represents 100 ⁇ m.
- N to AE are diagrams showing the results of examining the expression status of each cell marker in the cell mass 28 days after the start of suspension culture in Experiment 6 by fluorescent immunostaining.
- N to Q show the stained images of Six1, Sp8 and EpCAM and the nucleus stained images, respectively.
- RU indicate a stained image of Tuj1, Ebf2, and PanCK and a nuclear stained image thereof, respectively.
- V to Y respectively show a stained image of Nestin, Islet, ⁇ -Catenin and a nuclear stained image thereof.
- Z to AB show PKC ⁇ and Laminin staining images and nuclear staining images thereof, respectively.
- AC to AE show the stained images of Lhx2 and Calretinin and the nuclear stained images, respectively. Scale bars in N, R, V, Z, AC represent 100 ⁇ m.
- AF to AJ are diagrams showing the results of examining the expression status of each cell marker in the cell mass 28 days after the start of suspension culture in Experiment 6 by fluorescent immunostaining.
- AF to AH show the staining images of Otx2 and CK8 and the nuclear staining images, respectively.
- AI and AJ show the stained image of Eya2 and its nuclear stained image, respectively.
- AK is a diagram schematically showing the structure of a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or their progenitors on day 28 of culture produced by the method described in Experiment 6. Scale bars in AF and AI represent 100 ⁇ m.
- a to D in the upper row show the cell masses 28 days after the start of suspension culture when the added concentration of BMP4 was changed when cell masses containing olfactory nerve cells or their precursor cells were prepared from human ES cells in Experiment 7. It is a figure which shows the bright field observation image of the inverted microscope.
- A is an example of a cell mass of Grade1
- B is an example of a cell mass of Grade2
- C is an example of a cell mass of Grade3 and Grade4.
- E is a graph showing the quality evaluation results of the cell mass formed at each BMP4 concentration.
- the upper part is a diagram schematically showing a procedure in Experiment 8 for examining the effect of compound pretreatment of human iPS cells for differentiation induction in the production of a cell cluster containing olfactory nerve cells or their precursor cells from human iPS cells. .
- Lower panels AG show bright field observation images of the aggregates 13 days after the start of suspension culture in Experiment 8 using an inverted microscope.
- a to D are the controls to which only the solvent DMSO was added as a pretreatment
- E to G were the inverted cell clusters 13 days after the start of suspension culture formed from human iPS cells pretreated under different conditions. It is a figure which shows the bright-field observation image of a microscope. Scale bars in A and E indicate 500 ⁇ m.
- H is a graph of the quality evaluation result of the cell mass formed under each pretreatment condition. The upper part is a diagram schematically showing a procedure for examining the effect of each first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor on the production of a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or its precursor cells from human iPS cells in Experiment 9.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing a bright-field observation image of an inverted cell mass of the cell mass of FIG.
- the scale bar in A indicates 500 ⁇ m.
- G is a view showing the result of examining the expression status of each cell marker in the cell mass on day 28 after the start of suspension culture by fluorescent immunostaining in Experiment 9.
- the rows of the panel show the conditions of the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor, and the columns of the panel show Six1, Sox2, pancytokeratin (PanCK) and their nuclear staining images, respectively, from left to right.
- the scale bar in the upper left panel represents 100 ⁇ m.
- the upper part is a diagram schematically showing a procedure for producing a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or their precursor cells from human iPS cells using a three-dimensional incubator in Experiment 10.
- Lower panels A and B are diagrams showing bright-field observation images of an aggregate on an inverted microscope 21 days after the start of suspension culture in Experiment 10.
- the scale bar in A indicates 500 ⁇ m
- the scale bar in B indicates 200 ⁇ m.
- the upper part is a diagram schematically showing a procedure for examining the effect of the difference in the timing of adding the BMP signaling pathway activator in the production of a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or its precursor cells from human iPS cells in Experiment 11. .
- Lower panels A to E show bright field observation images of the cell aggregate 13 days after the start of suspension culture in Experiment 11 using an inverted microscope. Scale bars in A and D indicate 500 ⁇ m.
- the upper part is a diagram schematically showing a procedure in Experiment 12 for examining the optimal addition time of a substance acting on a BMP signaling pathway in the production of a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof from human iPS cells.
- Lower panels A to D show bright field observation images of an aggregate obtained by an inverted microscope 2 to 6 days after the start of suspension culture in Experiment 12.
- E to H show ZO-1 stained images of cell aggregates 2 to 6 days after the start of suspension culture, and IL show counterstained images of each nucleus.
- the scale bar in A represents 500 ⁇ m, and the scale bar in E and I represents 100 ⁇ m.
- AP are the results of the experiment 13 in which coronal sections of rat embryonic day 14.5 embryos were prepared and the expression of each marker was analyzed by immunostaining.
- A is a low magnification nuclear staining diagram.
- B to S are high-magnification staining diagrams of serial sections in a region corresponding to the region indicated by the broken line in A.
- B to E are staining images of Tuj1, Ebf2 and PanCK and their nuclear staining images
- FI are staining images of Otx2
- J to L are staining images of E-Cadherin and Sox2.
- M and N are Dlx5 stained image and its nuclear stained image
- O and P are PKC ⁇ stained image and its nuclear stained image
- QS are laminin
- FIG. The scale bar in A represents 500 ⁇ m
- the scale bar in B, F, J, M, and Q represents 100 ⁇ m.
- the upper part is a diagram schematically showing the combined conditions of a Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor and a Wnt signaling pathway acting substance in the production of a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or their precursor cells from human iPS cells in Experiment 14. is there.
- Lower panels A and B are images showing bright-field observation images of an cell microscope on day 21 after the start of suspension culture in Experiment 14 using an inverted microscope.
- the scale bar in A represents 500 ⁇ m
- the scale bar in B represents 200 ⁇ m.
- the upper part is a diagram schematically showing the use conditions of a TAK1 inhibitor in the production of a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or its precursor cells from human iPS cells in Experiment 15.
- Lower panels A and B are diagrams showing bright-field observation images of an cell microscope on day 21 after the start of suspension culture in Experiment 15 using an inverted microscope.
- the scale bar in A represents 500 ⁇ m
- the scale bar in B represents 200 ⁇ m.
- the upper part is a diagram showing a procedure in Experiment 16 in which a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof produced from human iPS cells was cultured in a viscous medium.
- the lower section A is a view showing a bright-field observation image of an inverted microscope of the cell mass on Day 45 of the suspension culture in Experiment 16.
- the scale bar in A represents 200 ⁇ m.
- the upper part is a diagram schematically showing conditions for adding a basement membrane preparation in the production of a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or their precursor cells from human iPS cells in Experiment 17.
- Lower panels A to D show bright-field observation images of an cell microscope on day 21 after the start of suspension culture in Experiment 17 using an inverted microscope.
- the scale bar in A represents 500 ⁇ m.
- the upper part is a diagram schematically showing a procedure in which a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof from human iPS cells was embedded and cultured in a basement membrane preparation in Experiment 18.
- the lower section A is a view showing a bright-field observation image of an cell microscope on the 21st day from the start of suspension culture in Experiment 18 using an inverted microscope.
- the scale bar in A represents 500 ⁇ m.
- stem cell means an undifferentiated cell having a differentiation ability and a proliferation ability (in particular, a self-renewal ability).
- the stem cells include subpopulations of pluripotent stem cells, multipotent stem cells, unipotent stem cells, and the like, depending on the differentiation ability.
- Pluripotent stem cells are capable of being cultured in vitro and capable of differentiating into all cells (tissues derived from three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm)) (multiple stem cells).
- Pluripotency refer to stem cells that have the ability, but not all, to differentiate into multiple types of tissues and cells.
- Unipotent stem cells refer to stem cells that have the ability to differentiate into specific tissues and cells.
- Pluripotent stem cells can be derived from fertilized eggs, cloned embryos, germ stem cells, tissue stem cells, somatic cells, and the like.
- pluripotent stem cells include embryonic stem cells (ES cells: Embroniconstem cell), EG cells (Embryonic germ cells), and artificial pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells: induced puripotent stem cell).
- Muse cells Multi-lineage / differentiating / Stress / Enduring / cell obtained from mesenchymal stem cells (mesenchymal / stem / cell: MSC) and GS cells produced from germ cells (for example, testis) are also included in the pluripotent stem cells.
- Embryonic stem cells were first established in 1981 and have been applied to the production of knockout mice since 1989. Human embryonic stem cells were established in 1998 and are being used in regenerative medicine. ES cells can be produced by culturing the inner cell mass on feeder cells or in a medium containing leukemia @ inhibitory @ factor (LIF). Methods for producing ES cells are described, for example, in WO 96/22362, WO 02/101057, US Pat. No. 5,843,780, US Pat. No. 6,200,806, and US Pat. No. 6,280,718. Embryonic stem cells can be obtained from a predetermined organization, or a commercially available product can be purchased.
- LIF leukemia @ inhibitory @ factor
- KhES-1, KhES-2, and KhES-3 which are human embryonic stem cells
- EB5 cells which are mouse embryonic stem cells
- D3 strain is available from the ATCC.
- a method for providing a human embryonic stem cell culture (cell line) without destroying a human embryo is described in, for example, Cell ⁇ Stem ⁇ Cell, 2008: 2 (2): 113-117, and WO 03/046141. I have.
- Nuclear transplanted ES cells which are one of the ES cells, can be established from cloned embryos produced by transplanting somatic cell nuclei into eggs from which cell lines have been removed.
- EG cells can be produced by culturing primordial germ cells in a medium containing mSCF, LIF and bFGF (Cell, 70: 841-847, 1992).
- “Induced pluripotent stem cells” are cells that have induced pluripotency by reprogramming somatic cells by a known method or the like. Specifically, differentiated somatic cells such as fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from Oct3 / 4, Sox2, Klf4, Myc (c-Myc, N-Myc, L-Myc), Glis1, Nanog, Sall4, lin28. , Esrrb, and the like, and cells that have been reprogrammed by expression of any of a combination of a plurality of genes selected from the reprogramming gene group and induced pluripotency. In 2006, Yamanaka et al.
- an induced pluripotent stem cell in a mouse cell (Cell, 2006, 126 (4) pp. 663-676). Induced pluripotent stem cells were also established in human fibroblasts in 2007 and have pluripotency and self-renewal ability like embryonic stem cells (Cell, 2007, 131 (5) pp. 861-872; Science, 2007, 318 (5858) ⁇ pp. 1917-1920; Nat. ⁇ Biotechnol., 2008, 26 (1) ⁇ pp. 101-106). As an induced pluripotent stem cell, besides the method of producing by direct reprogramming by gene expression, an induced pluripotent stem cell can be induced from a somatic cell by adding a compound or the like (Science, 2013, 341 @ pp. 651-654). ).
- the somatic cells used for producing the induced pluripotent stem cells are not particularly limited, but include tissue-derived fibroblasts, blood cells (eg, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and T cells), hepatocytes, and pancreatic cells. , Intestinal epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and the like.
- the means for expressing the genes is not particularly limited.
- an infection method using a virus vector for example, retrovirus vector, lentivirus vector, Sendai virus vector, adenovirus vector, adeno-associated virus vector
- a plasmid vector for example, plasmid vector, episomal vector
- Gene transfer methods eg, calcium phosphate method, lipofection method, retronectin method, electroporation method
- gene transfer methods using RNA vectors eg, calcium phosphate method, lipofection method, electroporation method
- direct protein injection method etc. No.
- the induced pluripotent stem cells can be obtained from a predetermined institution, or a commercially available product can be purchased.
- the human induced pluripotent stem cell line 201B7 can be obtained from Kyoto University, and the HC-6 # 10 strain can be obtained from RIKEN.
- Pluripotent stem cells used in the present invention are preferably embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells.
- multipotent stem cells include hematopoietic stem cells, neural stem cells, retinal stem cells, and tissue stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (also referred to as tissue stem cells, tissue-specific stem cells, or somatic stem cells).
- Genetically modified pluripotent stem cells can be produced, for example, by using homologous recombination technology.
- the gene on the chromosome to be modified include a cell marker gene, a histocompatibility antigen gene, a disease-related gene based on nervous system cell damage, and the like. Modification of the target gene on the chromosome can be performed by Manipulating the Mouse Embryo, A Laboratory Manual, Second Edition, Cold Spring Laboratories Pharmaceuticals Agency, Pharmaceuticals Agency, Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceuticals, Pharmaceuticals.. 8. Gene targeting, production of mutant mice using ES cells, and methods described in Yodosha (1995) and the like.
- a genomic gene of a target gene to be modified (for example, a cell marker gene, a histocompatibility antigen gene, a disease-related gene, etc.) is isolated, and the target gene is homologously recombined using the isolated genomic gene.
- a target vector By introducing the produced target vector into a stem cell and selecting a cell that has undergone homologous recombination between the target gene and the target vector, a stem cell in which the gene on the chromosome has been modified can be produced.
- genomic gene of the target gene can also be isolated by using a genomic DNA library screening system (Genome Systems), Universal GenomeWalker Kits (CLONTECH), or the like.
- a target vector for homologous recombination of a target gene Production of a target vector for homologous recombination of a target gene and efficient selection of homologous recombinants are described in Gene Targeting, A Practical Approach, IRL Press at Oxford University Press (1993), Biomanual Series 8, Gene Targeting. , A mutant mouse using ES cells, and the method described in Yodosha (1995) and the like.
- the target vector either a replacement type or an insertion type can be used.
- a selection method a method such as positive selection, promoter selection, negative selection, or polyA selection can be used. Examples of a method for selecting a desired homologous recombinant from the selected cell lines include a Southern hybridization method and a PCR method for genomic DNA.
- “Mammal” includes rodents, ungulates, felines, primates and the like. Rodents include mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, and the like. Ungulates include pigs, cows, goats, horses, sheep and the like. Feline eyes include dogs, cats, and the like.
- the term “primate” refers to a mammal belonging to the order of the primates. Examples of the primate include sub-orders of the primates such as lemurs, loris, and birds, and sub-orders of the primates such as monkeys, apes, and humans.
- the pluripotent stem cells used in the present invention are mammalian pluripotent stem cells, preferably rodent (eg, mouse, rat) or primate (eg, human, monkey) pluripotent stem cells, most preferably. Is a human pluripotent stem cell.
- Cell adhesion refers to the adhesion between cells and between cells and the extracellular matrix. Adhesion of cells to culture equipment and the like that occurs in an in vitro artificial culture environment is also included in cell adhesion. Types of cell adhesion include anchoring (junction), communicative (junction), and occluding (junction).
- Tight junction refers to a closed junction found in vertebrates and chordates among cell-cell adhesions. Tight junctions are formed between epithelial cells. Whether or not tight junctions are present in a tissue derived from a living body and in a cell mass prepared by the production method of the present invention is determined by, for example, an antibody (anti-claudin antibody, anti-ZO-1 antibody, etc.) against a component of tight junction. ) Can be detected by a technique such as immunohistochemistry.
- Suspension culture in the present invention means culturing while maintaining a state in which cells, cell aggregates or cell aggregates are suspended in a culture solution. That is, suspension culture is performed under conditions that do not allow cells, cell aggregates or cell clumps to adhere to culture equipment and the like, and culture performed under conditions that allow cells to adhere to culture equipment and the like (adhesion culture) is not included in the category of suspension culture. .
- cell adhesion means that a strong cell-substratum junction, which is a type of cell adhesion, is formed between the cell, the cell aggregate or the cell mass and the culture device.
- suspension culture refers to culture under conditions that do not create strong cell-substrate bonds between cells, cell aggregates or cell clumps and culture equipment, and the like
- adherent culture refers to cell culture. Culturing under conditions that create strong cell-substrate bonds between cell aggregates or cell clumps and culture equipment and the like.
- a cell aggregate or a cell mass in suspension culture cells adhere to each other.
- a cell-substrate bond is hardly formed between a cell and a culture device or the like, or even if it is formed, its contribution is small.
- endogenous cell-substrate bonds are present inside the aggregates or cell mass, but cell-substrate bonds are limited to cells and culture equipment. Are hardly formed between them, or even if they are formed, their contribution is small. Plane attachment between cells and cells means that the cells adhere to each other on the surface.
- cell-to-cell surface adhesion means that the ratio of the surface area of a certain cell to the surface of another cell is, for example, 1% or more, preferably 3% or more, more preferably 5% or more. It means that it is above.
- the cell surface can be observed by staining with a reagent for staining the membrane (eg, DiI), immunostaining for cell adhesion factors (eg, E-cadherin, N-cadherin), and the like.
- the incubator used for performing the suspension culture is not particularly limited as long as it can perform “suspension culture”, and can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art.
- Examples of such an incubator include a flask, a tissue culture flask, a dish, a petri dish, a tissue culture dish, a multi-dish, a microplate, a microwell plate, a micropore, a multiplate, a multiwell plate, a chamber slide, and a petri dish. , Tubes, trays, culture bags, spinner flasks or roller bottles.
- These incubators are preferably cell non-adhesive in order to enable suspension culture.
- the surface of the incubator is artificially treated (for example, a basement membrane preparation, laminin, entactin, collagen, gelatin or other extracellular matrix, Alternatively, a material that has not been subjected to a coating treatment using a polymer such as polylysine or polyornithine, or a surface treatment such as a positive charge treatment) can be used.
- a cell-non-adhesive incubator the surface of the incubator is artificially treated for the purpose of reducing the adhesiveness to cells (for example, a super-hydrophilic treatment such as a 2-methacryloyloxyethyl @ phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer, a low protein adsorption). Processed) can be used.
- Rotary culture may be performed using a spinner flask or a roller bottle.
- the culture surface of the incubator may have a flat bottom or may have irregularities.
- Cell aggregates are used to protect cell aggregates from physical stress such as shearing forces that occur during suspension culture, increase the local concentration of growth factors and cytokines secreted by cells, and promote tissue development. May be embedded in a gel or encapsulated in a substance-permeable capsule, followed by suspension culture (Nature, 2013, 501.7467: 373).
- the gel or capsule used for embedding may be of biological origin or of synthetic polymer.
- gels or capsules used for such purposes examples include Matrigel (manufactured by Corning), PuraMatrix (manufactured by 3D Matrix), VitroGel 3D (manufactured by The Well Bioscience), collagen gel (manufactured by Nitta Gelatin Co., Ltd.), and alginate gel. (Manufactured by PG Research Co., Ltd.) and Cell-in-a-Box (manufactured by Austrianova).
- the medium used for culturing cells can be prepared using a medium usually used for culturing animal cells as a basal medium.
- a basal medium for example, Basal Medium Eagle (BME), BGJb medium, CMRL 1066 medium, Glasgow Minimum Essential Medium (Glasgow MEM), Improved MEM's Limited Edition, IscoedMed's Limited Edition Minimum Essential Medium (Eagle MEM), Alpha Modified Eagle Minimum Essential Medium ( ⁇ MEM), Dulbecco's Modified Efficiency, EDMDM, FEMDMF, 12MEM / 12FEM Scher's medium, or a mixture medium of these.
- Basal Medium Eagle BME
- BGJb medium BGJb medium
- CMRL 1066 medium Glasgow Minimum Essential Medium (Glasgow MEM), Improved MEM's Limited Edition, IscoedMed's Limited Edition Minimum Essential Medium (Eagle MEM), Alpha Modified Eagle Minimum Essential Medium ( ⁇ MEM), Dulbecco's Modified Efficiency, EDMDM,
- a pluripotent stem cell culture medium based on the above basal medium, preferably a known embryonic stem cell or artificial pluripotent stem cell culture medium, a pluripotent stem cell under feeder free.
- a culture medium (feeder-free medium) for culturing can be used.
- the feeder-free medium include Essential 8 medium, TeSR medium, mTeSR medium, mTeSR-E8 medium, and StemFit medium.
- Serum-free medium in the present invention means a medium containing no conditioned or unpurified serum.
- a medium mixed with a purified blood-derived component or an animal tissue-derived component is also included in the serum-free medium unless it contains unregulated or unpurified serum.
- the serum-free medium may contain a serum substitute.
- serum substitutes include those containing, as appropriate, albumin, transferrin, fatty acids, collagen precursors, trace elements, 2-mercaptoethanol, 3'thiolglycerol, or equivalents thereof.
- Such a serum substitute can be prepared, for example, by the method described in WO98 / 30679.
- Commercially available products may be used as serum substitutes.
- Commercially available serum substitutes include, for example, Knockout Serum Replacement (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific: hereinafter may be abbreviated as “KSR”), Chemically-defined Finite Pharmaceuticals, Inc. B27 Supplement (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific), N2 Supplement (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific), and the like.
- the serum-free medium used in the suspension culture suitably contains fatty acids or lipids, amino acids (eg, non-essential amino acids), vitamins, growth factors, cytokines, antioxidants, 2-mercaptoethanol, pyruvic acid, buffers, inorganic salts, and the like. May be.
- a commercially available KSR (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific) is added as a serum-free medium in an appropriate amount (for example, about 0.5% to about 30%, preferably about 1% to about 20%).
- a serum-free medium for example, a medium obtained by adding 1x chemically-defined ⁇ Lipid concentrated ⁇ , 5% KSR and 450 ⁇ M 1-monothioglycerol to a 1: 1 mixture of F-12 medium and IMDM medium
- KSR equivalent a medium disclosed in JP-T-2001-508302 can be mentioned.
- ⁇ The“ serum medium ”in the present invention means a medium containing unconditioned or unpurified serum.
- the medium contains fatty acids or lipids, amino acids (eg, non-essential amino acids), vitamins, growth factors, cytokines, antioxidants, 2-mercaptoethanol, 1-monothioglycerol, pyruvic acid, buffers, inorganic salts, and the like. You may.
- a pluripotent stem cell is induced to differentiate into a retinal tissue or the like using a basement membrane sample such as Matrigel
- a serum medium can be used (Cell ⁇ Stem ⁇ Cell, 10 (6), 771-775 (2012). )).
- the culture in the present invention is preferably performed under xeno-free conditions.
- Xeno-free means conditions under which components derived from an organism different from the organism of the cell to be cultured are excluded.
- the medium used in the present invention is preferably a chemically defined medium (CDM) in which the components are chemically determined from the viewpoint of avoiding contamination of chemically undetermined components.
- CDM chemically defined medium
- Basis membrane means a thin film-like structure composed of an extracellular matrix.
- the basement membrane is formed on the basal side of epithelial cells in a living body.
- Components of the basement membrane include type IV collagen, laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan (Perlecan), entactin / nidogen, cytokines, growth factors and the like.
- tissue staining such as PAM staining
- an antibody against a component of the basement membrane an anti-laminin antibody
- An anti-type IV collagen antibody etc.
- Base membrane preparation refers to a function to control epithelial cell-like cell morphology, differentiation, proliferation, motility, functional expression, etc. when seeded with desired cells having basement membrane forming ability and cultured. Which includes a basement membrane component having For example, when cells and tissues produced according to the present invention are dispersed and then adherent culture is performed, they can be cultured in the presence of a basement membrane preparation.
- the “basement membrane constituent component” refers to a thin membrane-like extracellular matrix molecule existing between an epithelial cell layer and a stromal cell layer in an animal tissue.
- the basement membrane preparation removes, for example, cells having the ability to form a basement membrane adhering to the support via the basement membrane from the support using a solution having an ability to dissolve lipids of the cells or an alkaline solution. It can be manufactured by the following.
- Examples of the basement membrane preparation include commercially available basement membrane preparations (for example, Matrigel (manufactured by Corning; hereinafter, sometimes referred to as Matrigel)), Geltrex (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and known basement membrane components. (E.g., laminin, type IV collagen, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, entactin, etc.).
- a basement membrane preparation such as Matrigel (manufactured by Corning) extracted or solubilized from tissues or cells such as Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma can be used for culturing cells or tissues.
- Matrigel manufactured by Corning
- EHS Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm
- human solubilized amniotic membrane manufactured by Biological Resources Institute, Inc.
- human recombinant laminin produced by HEK293 cells BioLamina
- human recombinant laminin fragment Nappi
- Human recombinant vitronectin manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
- a medium containing substance X and “in the presence of substance X” refer to a medium to which exogenous substance X is added, a medium containing exogenous substance X, or a substance containing exogenous substance X. Means the presence of That is, even if cells or tissues present in the medium endogenously express, secrete, or produce the substance X, the endogenous substance X is distinguished from the exogenous substance X, It is understood that the medium not containing the substance X does not fall under the category of “medium containing the substance X”. Further, the substance X in the medium may have a slight change in concentration due to decomposition of the substance X or evaporation of the medium.
- a medium containing a sonic hedgehog signaling pathway agent includes a medium to which an exogenous sonic hedgehog signaling pathway agent has been added or an exogenous sonic hedgehog signaling pathway agent Medium.
- the start of culture in a medium in which the concentration of substance X is Y preferably refers to a point in time when the concentration of substance X in the medium becomes uniform in Y, but the culture vessel is sufficiently small (for example, a 96-well plate).
- the point at which the culture medium addition operation, half volume medium exchange operation, or whole volume medium exchange operation described below is performed so that the concentration becomes Y is interpreted as the start of culture at the concentration Y.
- the term “the concentration of the substance X in the medium is Y” means that when the average concentration of the X over a certain culture period is Y, the period including the substance X at the Y concentration is 50% or more of the culture period. In some cases, the case where the period including the substance X at the concentration of Y is equal to or longer than the shortest period of the culture period assumed in each step is included.
- “in the absence of substance X” refers to a medium to which no exogenous substance X is added or a medium that does not contain exogenous substance X, or a state in which no exogenous substance X is present.
- “after time A (day A)” includes time A (day A) and means after time A (day A).
- the feeder cell refers to a cell other than the stem cell that coexists when the stem cell is cultured.
- Feeder cells used for undifferentiated maintenance culture of pluripotent stem cells include, for example, mouse fibroblasts (MEF), human fibroblasts, and SNL cells.
- the feeder cells feeder cells that have been subjected to growth suppression treatment are preferable.
- the growth suppression treatment include a growth suppression agent (for example, mitomycin C or the like) treatment or UV irradiation.
- Feeder cells used for undifferentiated maintenance culture of pluripotent stem cells can be produced by secreting humoral factors (preferably undifferentiated maintenance factors) and creating scaffolds for cell adhesion (extracellular matrix). Contributes to maintaining undifferentiated state.
- “in the absence of feeder cells (feeder-free)” means culturing in the absence of feeder cells.
- the absence of feeder cells includes, for example, conditions in which feeder cells are not added, or conditions in which feeder cells are not substantially contained (for example, the ratio of the number of feeder cells to the total number of cells is 3% or less).
- cell aggregate is a mass formed by collecting cells dispersed in a medium, and refers to a mass in which cells adhere to each other. Embryoid bodies, spheres, spheroids, and organoids are also included in the cell aggregate.
- cells are surface-adhered to each other.
- cells may form cell-cell junctions or cell-adhesion, eg, adhesion-junction. is there.
- the “cell aggregate” in the present invention is dispersed at the start of suspension culture, which is generated in step (1) in “2. Method for producing cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof” described below. Aggregates formed by the cells that have been lost.
- uniform aggregates means that the size of each aggregate is constant when culturing a plurality of aggregates, and the size of the aggregate is evaluated by the length of the maximum diameter.
- a uniform aggregate means that the dispersion of the length of the maximum diameter is small. More specifically, 75% or more of the aggregates in the entire population of aggregates have an average value of the largest diameter of the aggregate population of ⁇ 100%, preferably within a range of the average value ⁇ 50%, more preferably Means within the range of an average value ⁇ 20%.
- form uniform aggregates means that when cells are aggregated to form cell aggregates and subjected to suspension culture, "a fixed number of dispersed cells are rapidly aggregated”. Means that a uniform cell aggregate is formed.
- Dispersion refers to separating cells or tissues into small cell fragments (2 to 100 cells, preferably 50 cells or less) or single cells by a dispersion treatment such as an enzyme treatment or a physical treatment.
- a certain number of dispersed cells refers to a fixed number of cell debris or single cells.
- Methods for dispersing the pluripotent stem cells include, for example, mechanical dispersion treatment, cell dispersion treatment, treatment for adding a cell protective agent, and the like. These processes may be performed in combination.
- a cell dispersion treatment is performed, followed by a mechanical dispersion treatment.
- Examples of the method of the mechanical dispersion treatment include a pipetting treatment, a scraping operation with a scraper, and the like.
- Examples of the cell dispersion used in the cell dispersion treatment include enzymes such as trypsin, collagenase, hyaluronidase, elastase, pronase, DNase, and papain, and solutions containing any of chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
- a commercially available cell dispersion for example, Accumax (manufactured by Alternative cell Technologies) or TripLE Select (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific) can also be used.
- cytoprotective agent used in the cytoprotective agent addition treatment examples include an FGF signal transduction pathway activator, heparin, a Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, serum, and a serum substitute.
- Preferred cytoprotective agents include ROCK inhibitors.
- a method of dispersing pluripotent stem cells for example, a method of treating colonies of pluripotent stem cells with a cell dispersion (Accumax) in the presence of a ROCK inhibitor, and further dispersing the cells by pipetting may be mentioned.
- pluripotent stem cells be rapidly aggregated to form aggregates of pluripotent stem cells.
- aggregates of pluripotent stem cells By forming aggregates of pluripotent stem cells in this way, epithelial-like structures can be formed with high reproducibility in cells induced to differentiate from the formed aggregates.
- a small well plate for example, a plate having a well bottom area of about 0.1 to 2.0 cm 2 in terms of a flat bottom
- a small space using a micropore is used as an experimental operation for forming cell aggregates.
- a method in which cells are aggregated by short-time centrifugation using a small centrifuge tube is used.
- a small plate wells for example, 24-well plates (area 2 about 1.88cm flat bottom conversion), 48-well plates (2 about 1.0cm in area flat bottom conversion), 96-well plates (area flat-bottomed terms. 35 cm 2 , inner diameter of about 6 to 8 mm), and 384-well plate.
- a 96-well plate is used.
- the shape of the small plate of the well the shape of the bottom surface when the well is viewed from above includes polygon, rectangle, ellipse, and perfect circle, and preferably a perfect circle.
- the shape of the bottom surface when the wells are viewed from the side is preferably a structure in which the outer peripheral portion is high and the inner concave portion is low, and examples thereof include a U bottom, a V bottom, and an M bottom. Is a U- or V-bottom, most preferably a V-bottom.
- a plate having a small well a plate having irregularities or depressions on the bottom surface of a cell culture dish (eg, a 60 mm to 150 mm dish, a culture flask) may be used. It is preferable to use a cell non-adhesive bottom surface, preferably a cell non-adhesive coated bottom surface, as described above.
- the formation of aggregates of pluripotent stem cells and the formation of an epithelial-like structure in each of the cells forming the aggregates can be attributed to the size and number of aggregates, macroscopic morphology, and microscopic analysis by tissue staining analysis.
- the determination can be made on the basis of the morphological morphology and its uniformity, the expression of the differentiation and undifferentiation markers, the uniformity thereof, the control of the expression of the differentiation markers and their synchronization, the reproducibility of the differentiation efficiency among the aggregates, and the like.
- tissue refers to a structure of a cell population having a structure in which a plurality of types of cells having different forms and properties are three-dimensionally arranged in a certain pattern.
- neural tissue refers to a tissue constituted by nervous system cells such as the cerebrum, midbrain, cerebellum, spinal cord, retina, sensory nerve, and peripheral nerve in the developing or adult stage.
- nervous system cells such as the cerebrum, midbrain, cerebellum, spinal cord, retina, sensory nerve, and peripheral nerve in the developing or adult stage.
- nerve epithelial tissue refers to a nerve tissue that has formed an epithelial structure having a layered structure. Can be evaluated.
- Central nervous system refers to the area where nervous tissue accumulates and is central to information processing. In vertebrates, the brain and spinal cord are contained in the central nervous system.
- Neural cell refers to cells other than epidermal cells among ectoderm-derived tissues. That is, neural cells include cells such as neural precursor cells, neurons (neural cells), glial cells, neural stem cells, neuronal precursor cells, and glial precursor cells. Neural cells also include cells (retinal cells) constituting retinal tissue, retinal progenitor cells, retinal layer-specific nerve cells, neural retinal cells, and retinal pigment epithelial cells, which will be described later. Nervous cells can be identified using Nestin, ⁇ III tubulin (Tuj1), PSA-NCAM, N-cadherin and the like as markers.
- a neuron is a functional cell that forms a neural circuit and contributes to information transmission, and expresses immature neuronal markers such as TuJ1, Dcx, HuC / D and / or mature neuronal markers such as Map2 and NeuN.
- the index can be identified.
- Glial cells include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Müller glia and the like.
- Astrocyte markers include GFAP, oligodendrocyte markers include O4, and Müller glial markers include CRALBP.
- Neural stem cells are cells that have the ability to differentiate into neural cells and glial cells (multipotency), and have the ability to proliferate while maintaining pluripotency (sometimes referred to as self-renewal ability).
- Neural stem cell markers include Nestin, Sox2, Musashi, Hes family, CD133, and the like, but these markers are markers for progenitor cells in general and are not considered to be markers specific to neural stem cells.
- the number of neural stem cells can be evaluated by a neurosphere assay, a clonal assay, or the like.
- Neuronal progenitor cells are cells that have the ability to proliferate, produce nerve cells, and do not produce glial cells. Examples of markers for neuronal progenitor cells include Tbr2, T ⁇ 1, and the like. Alternatively, cells positive for juvenile neuronal markers (TuJ1, Dcx, HuC / D) and positive for proliferation markers (Ki67, pH3, MCM) can also be identified as neuronal precursor cells. Glial progenitor cells are cells that have the ability to proliferate, produce glial cells, and do not produce nerve cells.
- Neural precursor cells are an aggregate of progenitor cells including neural stem cells, neuronal progenitor cells, and glial progenitor cells, and have an ability to proliferate and to produce neurons and glia.
- Neural progenitor cells can be identified using Nestin, GLAST, Sox2, Sox1, Musashi, Pax6 and the like as markers.
- Neural cell positive and proliferation marker (Ki67, pH3, MCM) positive cells can also be identified as neural progenitor cells.
- Retinal tissue refers to at least a plurality of cells such as visual cells, horizontal cells, bipolar cells, amacrine cells, retinal ganglion cells, these precursor cells, or retinal progenitor cells constituting each retinal layer in a living retina. Means retinal tissue that is layered and three-dimensionally arranged. Which retinal layer constitutes each cell can be confirmed by a known method, for example, the presence or absence of a cell marker, its degree, and the like.
- Retinal progenitor cells refer to progenitor cells capable of differentiating into any of the following types of mature retinal cells: visual cells, horizontal cells, bipolar cells, amacrine cells, retinal ganglion cells, and retinal pigment epithelial cells.
- Photoreceptor cell, horizontal cell precursor, bipolar cell precursor, amacrine cell precursor, retinal node cell precursor, and retinal pigment epithelial progenitor are photoreceptor cell, horizontal cell, bipolar cell, amacrine cell, and retinal nerve, respectively. Refers to progenitor cells whose differentiation into node cells and retinal pigment epithelial cells is determined.
- Retinal layer-specific nerve cells refer to neurons that constitute the retinal layer and are specific to the retinal layer. Retinal layer-specific neurons include bipolar cells, retinal ganglion cells, amacrine cells, horizontal cells, photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelial cells, rod cells and cone cells.
- retinal progenitor cells include the retinal progenitor cells and retinal layer-specific nerve cells described above.
- Rx also referred to as Rax
- Aldh1a3, and Pax6 expressed in retinal progenitor cells
- Nkx2.1 expressed in hypothalamic neuron precursor cells but not expressed in retinal progenitor cells
- retinal cell markers Sox1 which is not expressed in the retina
- Crx Crx
- Blimp1 which is expressed in photoreceptor progenitor cells
- Chx10, PKC ⁇ and L7 expressed in bipolar cells As markers for retinal layer-specific neurons, Chx10, PKC ⁇ and L7 expressed in bipolar cells, Tuj1 and Brn3 expressed in retinal ganglion cells, Calretinin expressed in amacrine cells, Calbindin expressed in horizontal cells, mature visual cells And Rhodopsin and Recoverin expressed in rod cells, Nrl expressed in rod cells, Rxr-gamma expressed in pyramidal cells, REP65 and Mitf expressed in retinal pigment epithelial cells, and the like.
- Cerebral tissue refers to cells constituting the cerebrum in the fetal period or the adult (for example, cerebral nervous system precursor cells (cortical neural precursor cell), dorsal cerebral nervous system precursor cells, ventral cerebral nervous system precursor cells, cerebral layer structure Specific neurons (neurons), first-layer neurons, second-layer neurons, third-layer neurons, fourth-layer neurons, fifth-layer neurons, sixth-layer neurons, glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes), these , Etc.) means one or more types of tissues in a layered and three-dimensional array.
- the fetal cerebrum is also called the forebrain or telencephalon.
- the presence of each cell can be confirmed by a known method, for example, the presence or absence of a cell marker, the degree thereof, and the like.
- the “cerebral layer” means each layer constituting the adult cerebrum or the fetal cerebrum, and specifically, includes a molecular layer, an outer nuclear layer, an outer cone cell layer, an inner nuclear layer, a nerve cell layer (inner cone) Cell layer), polymorphic cell layer, first layer, second layer, third layer, fourth layer, fifth layer, sixth layer, cortical zone, intermediate zone, subventricular zone, and ventricular zone. ).
- the “cerebral nervous system progenitor cells” include neuron progenitor cells, first layer neuron progenitor cells, second layer neuron progenitor cells, third layer neuron progenitor cells, fourth layer neuron progenitor cells, fifth layer neuron progenitor cells, Hexalayer neuron precursor cells, astrocyte precursor cells, oligodendrocyte precursor cells and the like can be mentioned. Each cell is committed to differentiation into first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and sixth layer neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Progenitor cells.
- “Cerebral nervous system progenitor cells” comprise at least one of a first-layer neuron, a second-layer neuron, a third-layer neuron, a fourth-layer neuron, a fifth-layer neuron, a sixth-layer neuron, an astrocyte, and an oligodendrocyte.
- multipotent stem cells multipotent neural stem cells that have the ability to differentiate into a plurality of differentiation lineages (pluripotency).
- Cerebral layer-specific nerve cells refer to cells that constitute the cerebral layer and are specific to the cerebral layer. Neurons specific to the cerebral layer include first-layer neurons, second-layer neurons, third-layer neurons, fourth-layer neurons, fifth-layer neurons, sixth-layer neurons, cerebral excitatory neurons, and cerebral inhibitory neurons. Can be mentioned.
- FoxG1 also known as Bf1
- Sox2 and Nestin expressed in cerebral nervous system precursor cells
- Pax6 and Emx2 expressed in dorsal cerebral nervous system precursor cells
- ventral cerebral nervous system precursor cells Dlx1, Dlx2, and Nkx2.1 expressed in neurons
- Tbr2, Nex Svet1 expressed in neuronal progenitor cells
- Tbr1 expressed in layer 6 neurons Ctip2 expressed in layer 5 neurons
- Cux1 or Brn2 expressed in a third-layer neuron or a second-layer neuron Reelin expressed in a first-layer neuron, and the like.
- the “olfactory cortex” is a region of the cerebrum that receives monosynaptic input from the olfactory bulb and is involved in processing olfactory information. Examples of genes and markers expressed in the olfactory cortex include Tbr1, FoxP2, Ctip2, Nor1 (NR4a3), DAARP-32, CUX1, Brn2, and CART.
- the “basal ganglia” is an aggregate of nerve nuclei existing in one region of the cerebrum.
- the nerve nuclei contained in the basal ganglia include the striatum, the pallidum, the hypothalamus nucleus, the substantia nigra, and the like.
- the “basal ganglia primordium” is a structure composed of nervous system cells formed in the ventricle of a developing embryo.
- the basal ganglia primordium in addition to forming the basis of the adult basal ganglia, produces multiple types of neurons, which migrate throughout the central nervous system during development.
- the “rostral migration path” refers to the phenomenon and the pathway of the migration of new neurons produced from neural stem cells in the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb. Neurons moving along the rostral movement path can be detected using migrating neuronal markers such as, for example, PSA-NCAM, Dcx.
- the “olfactory bulb” refers to a region of the central nervous system that exists at the tip of the cerebrum, receives input from olfactory receptor cells present in the olfactory epithelium, and is involved in processing olfactory information.
- the cells present in the olfactory bulb form a layered structure, and, in order from the surface layer, an olfactory nerve layer, a glomerular layer, an external plexiform layer, and a mitral cell layer (mitral) It is called a cell layer, an internal plexiform layer, and a granule cell layer.
- Nerve cells of the olfactory bulb include a mitral cell and a tufted cell as excitatory neurons, and a paraglomerular cell and a granule cell as inhibitory neurons (interneurons). cell).
- Examples of genes and markers expressed in the olfactory bulb include Arx, Tbr1, Tbr2 / EOMES, Tbx21, Iba1, and the like.
- Non-epithelial tissue refers to a tissue having an epithelial structure other than a neuroepithelial tissue.
- Epithelial tissue is formed from any of the ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm, and trophectoderm.
- Epithelial tissue includes epithelium, mesothelium, and endothelium.
- tissues contained in non-neuronal epithelium include epidermis, corneal epithelium, nasal epithelium (including olfactory epithelium), oral epithelium, tracheal epithelium, bronchial epithelium, bronchial epithelium, renal epithelium, renal cortical epithelium, placental epithelium, etc.
- Epithelial tissues are usually connected by various intercellular junctions, and form tissues having a monolayer or multilayer structure.
- “Placode” refers to the primordium of an organ formed mainly by thickening of a part of the epidermal ectoderm during vertebrate development. Tissues derived from placode include the lens, olfactory epithelium, inner ear, trigeminal nerve, pituitary, and the like. Examples of markers for the placode or a pre-placode region (preplacode region) which is a precursor tissue thereof include Six1, Six4, Dlx5, and Eya2.
- the “olfactory epithelium” is an epithelial tissue in the nasal cavity and represents an olfactory organ from which a living body senses odor information.
- the olfactory epithelium is one of the placode-derived tissues that expresses olfactory receptors and senses volatile molecules in the air, as well as supporting cells that support olfactory nerve cells, olfactory epithelial stem cells and progenitors. It is composed of cells such as basal cells which are cells and Bowman's gland cells which secrete mucus.
- the olfactory epithelium is morphologically classified into a surface layer, an intermediate layer, and a basal layer, and there are supporting cells in the surface layer, olfactory nerve cells in the intermediate layer, and basal cells in the basal layer.
- Bowman's glands are scattered, forming branched tubular follicular glands in the olfactory epithelium.
- “Progenitor tissue of olfactory epithelium” includes olfactory epithelium placode.
- the genes and markers expressed in the olfactory epithelium and the olfactory epithelium placode include Pax6, Otx2, FoxG1 (also known as Bf1), Sox2, Pou2f1, Sp8, Chd7, N -Cadherin, E-Cadherin, EpCAM, CK18, PDGFR ⁇ and the like.
- the vomeronasal organ is a type of olfactory system tissue, and is an olfactory organ that the living body has separately from the olfactory epithelium.
- the vomeronasal organ is also called the Jacobson organ or the Jacobson organ.
- the vomeronasal organ in mammals plays a different role than the olfactory epithelium, which senses common volatile substances, and has more neurons that accept pheromone-like substances.
- olfactory system tissue refers to a fetal or adult olfactory system tissue, for example, cells constituting the olfactory epithelium (for example, olfactory nerve cells, supporting cells, basal cells, Bowman's gland cells, olfactory nerve sheath cells and precursor cells thereof).
- the cells constituting the olfactory bulb, the cells constituting the olfactory cortex, or the like means a tissue in which one kind or at least a plurality of kinds are arranged in a layered three-dimensional manner. The presence of each cell can be confirmed by a known method, for example, the presence or absence of a cell-specific gene or the degree thereof.
- Olfactory neuroreceptor neuron refers to a nerve cell that receives olfaction in the olfactory epithelium intermediate layer of the nasal mucosa. Olfactory nerve cells capture volatile molecules in the air with olfactory receptors located on the surface pili. Olfactory nerve cells are bipolar sensory cells, and olfactory information captured by olfactory receptors expressed on the peripheral side is transmitted to nerve axons called olfactory filaments on the central side. Tens of olfactory threads collectively form a bundle, and the olfactory nerve refers to all of these bundles.
- the olfactory thread reaches the olfactory bulb of the brain through the ethmoid hole of the ethmoid plate of the skull, and synapses to mitral cells and the like to transmit olfactory information to the olfactory center in the brain.
- Genes and markers expressed in olfactory nerve cells and progenitor cells include cyclic nucleotide-sensitive channel ⁇ 2 subunit (CNGA2), cyclic nucleotide-sensitive channel ⁇ 4 subunit (CNGA4), cyclic nucleotide-sensitive channel ⁇ 1b subunit, and olfactory specific G protein (Golf) adenylate cyclase, Olfactory Marker protein (OMP), NCAM, OCAM (NCAM-2), Ebf1, Ebf2, Ebf3, NeuroD, PGP 9.5, Neuron @ Specific @ EnoGoseApoE @ NeroGoseApoE @ NoseGosePhase @ NoseGosePhase @ NeroGosePhase.
- the “supporting cell” refers to a multirow columnar epithelium-like cell present on the most apical side of the olfactory epithelium. Supporting cells are involved in the functioning of other cells such as olfactory nerve cells, survival, maintenance of epithelial structure, and the like.
- the supporting cells of the olfactory epithelium are composed of two kinds of cells: supporting cells (Stentacular cells) and microvillary cells (Microvillar cells). Examples of genes and markers expressed in supporting cells include Notch2, Notch3, Carbonyl reductase 2 (Cbr2), S-100, Ezrin, Reep6, Sox2, Tyro3, CYP2A6, SUS-1, SUS-4, and EPSA1.
- Basal cell refers to a cell present in the basal layer of the olfactory epithelium.
- the basal cells are morphologically divided into globose basal cells (GBC) and horizontal basal cells (HBC).
- GBC globose basal cells
- HBC horizontal basal cells
- globular basal cells are active progenitors and stem cells that constantly undergo cell division and supply new olfactory nerve cells.
- horizontal basal cells are normally in a state where the cell cycle of cell division is stopped, and are dormant stem cells that are activated when a large-scale damage to the olfactory epithelium occurs.
- genes and markers expressed in horizontal basal cells include p63, cytokeratin 5, cytokeratin 14, ICAM-1, and the like.
- genes and markers expressed in globular basal cells include GAP43, GBC-1, Lgr5, Ascl1, LSD1, SEC8, and the like.
- Bowman's gland cell refers to a cell constituting Bowman's gland (olfactory gland).
- Bowman's gland is a tissue on a branched thin tube existing in the olfactory epithelium, and has a function such as secretion of mucus that protects the olfactory epithelium.
- genes and markers expressed in Bowman's gland cells include Sox9, E-Cadherin, Aquaporin 5, Ascl3, cytokeratin 18, and the like.
- OEG olfactory nerve sheathing cells
- Olfactory nerve sheath cells release neurotrophic factors such as BDNF and NGF, and are cells involved in the constant regeneration of the olfactory nerve.
- genes and markers expressed in the olfactory nerve sheath cells include p75NTR, S100 ⁇ , Sox10, GFAP, BLBP, Aquaporin1, Integran ⁇ 7, and the like.
- the “peripheral portion of the olfactory epithelium” (lateral olfactory epithelium) is a peripheral region of the olfactory epithelium and represents a region continuous with non-neuronal epithelium other than the olfactory epithelium.
- the “medial olfactory epithelium” in the present invention refers to the central region of the olfactory epithelium surrounded by the olfactory epithelium periphery. It is known that the ratio of constituent cells is different between the peripheral part of the olfactory epithelium and the inner part of the olfactory epithelium (Development, 2010, 137: 2471-2481).
- Pbx1 / 2/3, Meis1, and ⁇ IVTubulin are genes that are highly expressed in the periphery of the olfactory epithelium.
- Tuj1, Ascl1, and Sox2 are genes that are highly expressed in the inner part of the olfactory epithelium.
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-positive neurons are neurons that are present mainly in the hypothalamus of the central nervous system and secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) involved in the control of reproductive organs. It is. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-positive neurons develop in the olfactory epithelium during fetal life and migrate to the central nervous system. Examples of the gene and marker expressed by gonadotropin releasing hormone include gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH).
- Bone tissue refers to a bone matrix composed of cells constituting bone, calcium phosphate, type I collagen and the like.
- the cells constituting bone include osteocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts and the like.
- “Skull” refers to the bone tissue present in the head. The skull has functions such as maintaining the shape and structure of the face and head, and protecting the central nervous system.
- the ethmoid bone represents one of the bone tissues constituting the skull.
- the human ethmoid bone is located between the orbits.
- genes and markers expressed in cells constituting bone including the skull include Msx2, Runx2, Osterix, Osteocalcin, Osteopontin and the like.
- Receptor protein is a protein located in the cell membrane, cytoplasm or nucleus, and refers to a protein that binds to substances such as hormones, cytokines, cell growth factors, and compounds to induce various cell reactions.
- olfactory receptor refers to a receptor protein that is expressed in olfactory nerve cells and other cells and is involved in sensing compounds and the like.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof. Hereinafter, it is also referred to as the production method of the present invention.
- One embodiment of the production method of the present invention is a method for producing a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof, which comprises the following steps.
- One preferred embodiment of the production method of the present invention is a method for producing a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof, comprising the following steps.
- the pluripotent stem cells Prior to the step (1), are cultured in the absence of feeder cells, at least one selected from the group consisting of 1) a TGF ⁇ family signaling pathway inhibitor and a sonic hedgehog signaling pathway agonist; ) Culturing in a medium containing an undifferentiated maintenance factor; (1) suspension culture of the pluripotent stem cells in the presence of the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor to form a cell aggregate; (2) suspension culture of the cell aggregate obtained in the step (1) in the presence of a BMP signal transduction pathway agent; A step (3a) of culturing the cell aggregate obtained in the step (2) in suspension in the presence of a substance acting on the FGF signaling pathway to obtain the cell mass.
- One preferred embodiment of the production method of the present invention is a method for producing a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof, comprising the following steps. (1) suspension culture of the pluripotent stem cells in the presence of the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor to form a cell aggregate; (2) suspension culture of the cell aggregate obtained in the step (1) in the presence of a BMP signal transduction pathway agent; (3a) suspension-culturing the cell aggregate obtained in the step (2) in the presence of an FGF signaling pathway acting substance; Culturing the cell aggregate obtained in the step (3a) in the presence of an FGF signal transduction pathway active substance and a BMP signal transduction pathway inhibitor to obtain the cell mass (3c).
- One preferred embodiment of the production method of the present invention is a method for producing a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof, comprising the following steps.
- the pluripotent stem cells Prior to the step (1), are cultured in the absence of feeder cells, at least one selected from the group consisting of 1) a TGF ⁇ family signaling pathway inhibitor and a sonic hedgehog signaling pathway agonist; ) Culturing in a medium containing an undifferentiated maintenance factor; (1) suspension culture of the pluripotent stem cells in the presence of the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor to form a cell aggregate; (2) suspension culture of the cell aggregate obtained in the step (1) in the presence of a BMP signal transduction pathway agent; (3a) suspension-culturing the cell aggregate obtained in the step (2) in the presence of an FGF signaling pathway acting substance; Culturing the cell aggregate obtained in the step (3a) in the presence of an FGF signal transduction pathway active substance and a BMP signal transduction pathway inhibitor to obtain the cell mass (3c).
- a further aspect of the production method of the present invention is a method for producing a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof, comprising the following steps. (1) suspension culture of the pluripotent stem cells in the presence of the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor to form a cell aggregate; (2) suspension culture of the cell aggregate obtained in the step (1) in the presence of a BMP signal transduction pathway agent; A step (3b) of culturing the cell aggregate obtained in the step (2) in suspension in the presence of a BMP signal transduction pathway inhibitor to obtain the cell mass.
- One preferred embodiment of the production method of the present invention is a method for producing a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof, comprising the following steps. (1) suspension culture of the pluripotent stem cells in the presence of the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor to form a cell aggregate; (2) suspension culture of the cell aggregate obtained in the step (1) in the presence of a BMP signal transduction pathway agent; Culturing the cell aggregate obtained in the step (2) in suspension in the presence of a BMP signaling pathway inhibitor (3b); A step (3d) of culturing the cell aggregate obtained in the step (3b) in suspension in the absence of a BMP signal transduction pathway inhibitor to obtain the cell mass.
- One more preferred embodiment of the production method of the present invention is a method for producing a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof, comprising the following steps.
- the pluripotent stem cells Prior to the step (1), are cultured in the absence of feeder cells, at least one selected from the group consisting of 1) a TGF ⁇ family signaling pathway inhibitor and a sonic hedgehog signaling pathway agonist; ) Culturing in a medium containing an undifferentiated maintenance factor; (1) suspension culture of the pluripotent stem cells in the presence of the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor to form a cell aggregate; (2) suspension culture of the cell aggregate obtained in the step (1) in the presence of a BMP signal transduction pathway agent; A step (3b) of culturing the cell aggregate obtained in the step (2) in suspension in the presence of a BMP signal transduction pathway inhibitor to obtain the cell mass.
- a further preferred embodiment of the production method of the present invention is a method for producing a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof, comprising the following steps.
- the pluripotent stem cells Prior to the step (1), are cultured in the absence of feeder cells, at least one selected from the group consisting of 1) a TGF ⁇ family signaling pathway inhibitor and a sonic hedgehog signaling pathway agonist; ) Culturing in a medium containing an undifferentiated maintenance factor; (1) suspension culture of the pluripotent stem cells in the presence of the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor to form a cell aggregate; (2) suspension culture of the cell aggregate obtained in the step (1) in the presence of a BMP signal transduction pathway agent; Culturing the cell aggregate obtained in the step (2) in suspension in the presence of a BMP signaling pathway inhibitor (3b); A step (3d) of culturing the cell aggregate obtained in the step (3b) in suspension in the absence of a BMP signal transduction pathway inhibitor to obtain the cell mass.
- a further aspect of the production method of the present invention is a method for producing a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof, comprising the following steps. (1) suspension culture of the pluripotent stem cells in the presence of the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor to form a cell aggregate; (2) suspension culture of the cell aggregate obtained in the step (1) in the presence of a BMP signal transduction pathway agent; The cell aggregate obtained in the step (2) is subjected to suspension culture in the presence of a substance acting on an FGF signal transduction pathway and a substance inhibiting a BMP signal transduction pathway to obtain the cell mass (3c).
- One preferred embodiment of the production method of the present invention is a method for producing a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof, comprising the following steps. (1) suspension culture of the pluripotent stem cells in the presence of the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor to form a cell aggregate; (2) suspension culture of the cell aggregate obtained in the step (1) in the presence of a BMP signal transduction pathway agent; A step (3c) of suspending and culturing the cell aggregate obtained in the step (2) in the presence of an FGF signaling pathway acting substance and a BMP signaling pathway inhibitor; A step (3d) of culturing the cell aggregate obtained in the step (3c) in suspension in the absence of a BMP signal transduction pathway inhibitor to obtain the cell mass.
- One more preferred embodiment of the production method of the present invention is a method for producing a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof, comprising the following steps.
- the pluripotent stem cells Prior to the step (1), are cultured in the absence of feeder cells, at least one selected from the group consisting of 1) a TGF ⁇ family signaling pathway inhibitor and a sonic hedgehog signaling pathway agonist; ) Culturing in a medium containing an undifferentiated maintenance factor; (1) suspension culture of the pluripotent stem cells in the presence of the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor to form a cell aggregate; (2) suspension culture of the cell aggregate obtained in the step (1) in the presence of a BMP signal transduction pathway agent; The cell aggregate obtained in the step (2) is subjected to suspension culture in the presence of a substance acting on an FGF signal transduction pathway and a substance inhibiting a BMP signal transduction pathway to obtain the cell mass (3c).
- a further preferred embodiment of the production method of the present invention is a method for producing a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof, comprising the following steps.
- the pluripotent stem cells Prior to the step (1), are cultured in the absence of feeder cells, at least one selected from the group consisting of 1) a TGF ⁇ family signaling pathway inhibitor and a sonic hedgehog signaling pathway agonist; ) Culturing in a medium containing an undifferentiated maintenance factor; (1) suspension culture of the pluripotent stem cells in the presence of the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor to form a cell aggregate; (2) suspension culture of the cell aggregate obtained in the step (1) in the presence of a BMP signal transduction pathway agent; A step (3c) of suspending and culturing the cell aggregate obtained in the step (2) in the presence of an FGF signaling pathway acting substance and a BMP signaling pathway inhibitor; A step (3d) of culturing the cell aggregate obtained in the step (3c) in suspension in the absence of a BMP signal trans
- the cell mass produced by the above production method is as described in “3. Cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or their precursor cells” described later.
- the pluripotent stem cells are obtained by: 1) at least one selected from the group consisting of a TGF ⁇ family signaling pathway inhibitor and a sonic hedgehog signaling pathway agonist, and 2) an undifferentiation maintenance factor.
- the step (a) of culturing in a culture medium containing the same will be described.
- the pluripotent stem cells are cultured in the presence of at least one selected from the group consisting of a TGF ⁇ family signaling pathway inhibitor and a sonic hedgehog signaling pathway agonist, Suspension culture changes the state of pluripotent stem cells, improves the formation efficiency of non-neural epithelial tissue, improves the quality of aggregates, facilitates differentiation, makes cell death less likely, and reduces the inside of aggregates. Cell aggregates that maintain dense undifferentiated state can be produced with high efficiency.
- Step (a) is performed in the absence of feeder cells.
- the absence of feeder cells refers to a condition that does not substantially contain feeder cells (for example, the ratio of the number of feeder cells to the total number of cells is 3% or less).
- the medium used in step (a) is not particularly limited as long as it is a medium (feeder-free medium) that enables undifferentiated maintenance culture of pluripotent stem cells under feeder-free conditions.
- a medium feeder-free medium
- Many synthetic media have been developed and marketed as feeder-free media, and include, for example, Essential 8 media.
- Essential 8 medium was added to DMEM / F12 medium, and as additives, L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate magnesium (64 mg / l), sodium selenium (14 ⁇ g / 1), insulin (19.4 mg / l), NaHCO 3 ( 543 mg / l), transferrin (10.7 mg / l), bFGF (100 ng / mL), and a TGF ⁇ family signaling pathway agonist (TGF ⁇ 1 (2 ng / mL) or Nodal (100 ng / mL)) (Nature Methods, 8, 424-429 (2011)).
- feeder-free culture media include, for example, Essential 8 (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific), S-medium (manufactured by DS Pharma Biomedical Co., Ltd.), StemPro (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific), hESF9, and mTeElSTIGlTElSTIGlEmTElSigTemElSigTemElSigTemSlEmTElSigTemSlEmTElSigTm1ElG. , MTeSR2 (manufactured by STEMCELL Technologies), TeSR-E8 (manufactured by STEMCELL Technologies), StemFit (manufactured by Ajinomoto Co.), and the like. By using these in the step (a), the present invention can be easily carried out.
- the StemFit medium contains bFGF as an undifferentiated maintenance component (Scientific Reports (2014) 4, 3594).
- the medium used in step (a) may be a serum medium or a serum-free medium. From the viewpoint of avoiding contamination of chemically undetermined components, the medium used in step (a) is preferably a serum-free medium.
- the medium may contain a serum replacement.
- the medium used in step (a) contains an undifferentiated maintenance factor to enable undifferentiated maintenance culture.
- the undifferentiation maintenance factor is not particularly limited as long as it has a function of suppressing the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells.
- Examples of undifferentiated maintenance factors widely used by those skilled in the art include primed pluripotent stem cells (eg, human ES cells and human iPS cells), FGF signaling pathway activator, TGF ⁇ family signaling pathway An active substance, insulin and the like can be mentioned.
- FGF signaling pathway activators include fibroblast growth factors (eg, bFGF, FGF4 and FGF8).
- TGF ⁇ family signal transduction pathway active substance examples include a TGF ⁇ signal transduction pathway active substance and a Nodal / Activin signal transduction pathway active substance.
- TGF ⁇ signal transduction pathway activator examples include TGF ⁇ 1 and TGF ⁇ 2.
- Nodal / Activin signaling pathway activator examples include Nodal, ActivinA, and ActivinB. These substances may be used alone or in combination.
- the medium in step (a) preferably contains bFGF as an undifferentiation maintenance factor.
- the undifferentiated maintenance factor used in the present invention is usually a mammalian undifferentiated maintenance factor.
- the mammal include those described above. Since the undifferentiated maintenance factor can have cross-reactivity between species of mammals, any undifferentiated maintenance factor of any mammal can be used as long as the undifferentiated state of the pluripotent stem cells to be cultured can be maintained. Is also good.
- the undifferentiated maintenance factor used in the present invention is preferably a mammalian undifferentiated maintenance factor of the same species as the cells to be cultured.
- human undifferentiated maintenance factor for example, bFGF, FGF4, FGF8, EGF, Nodal, ActivinA, ActivinB, TGF ⁇ 1, TGF ⁇ 2, etc.
- human protein X means that protein X (such as an undifferentiated maintenance factor) has an amino acid sequence of protein X that is naturally expressed in a human organism.
- the undifferentiated maintenance factor used in the present invention is preferably isolated.
- isolated means that an operation of removing a component other than a target component or a cell has been performed, and the state existing in nature has been removed. Therefore, the “isolated protein X” does not include endogenous protein X produced from cells or tissues to be cultured and contained in the cells, tissues, and medium.
- the purity of the “isolated protein X” (percentage of the weight of the protein X relative to the total protein weight) is usually 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and still more preferably 99% or more. Most preferably, it is 100%.
- the present invention in one aspect, comprises providing an isolated undifferentiated maintenance factor.
- the method further comprises a step of exogenously (or exogenously) adding the isolated undifferentiated maintenance factor to the medium used in step (a).
- an undifferentiated maintenance factor may be added to the medium used in step (a) in advance.
- the undifferentiated maintenance factor concentration in the medium used in step (a) is a concentration that can maintain the undifferentiated state of the pluripotent stem cells to be cultured, and can be appropriately set by those skilled in the art.
- the concentration is usually about 4 ng / mL to about 500 ng / mL, preferably about 10 ng / mL to about 200 ng / mL, more preferably about 30 ng / mL. mL to about 150 ng / mL.
- the culture of the pluripotent stem cells in the step (a) may be performed under any conditions of suspension culture and adhesion culture, but is preferably performed by adhesion culture.
- an appropriate matrix may be used as a scaffold in order to provide a pluripotent stem cell with a scaffold instead of feeder cells.
- Pluripotent stem cells are adherently cultured in a cell container whose surface is coated with a matrix serving as a scaffold.
- laminin is a heterotrimeric molecule composed of ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ chains, and is an extracellular matrix protein in which isoforms having different subunit chain compositions exist. Specifically, laminin has about 15 isoforms in combination of a heterotrimer of five ⁇ chains, four ⁇ chains and three ⁇ chains. The name of laminin is determined by combining the numbers of the ⁇ chain ( ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 5), ⁇ chain ( ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4) and ⁇ chain ( ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4). For example, laminin formed by a combination of ⁇ 5 chain, ⁇ 1 chain, and ⁇ 1 chain is called laminin 511. In the present invention, laminin 511 is preferably used (Nat Biotechnol 28, 611-615 (2010)).
- the laminin fragment used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has an adhesive property to pluripotent stem cells and enables maintenance culture of pluripotent stem cells under feeder-free conditions. It is a fragment.
- Laminin E8 fragment is a fragment obtained by digesting laminin 511 with elastase and identified as a fragment having a strong cell adhesion activity (EMBO @ J., 3: 1463-1468, 1984, J. Am. Cell @ Biol., 105: 589-598, 1987).
- the E8 fragment of laminin 511 is preferably used (Nat @ Commun @ 3, 1236 (2012), Scientific @ Reports @ 4, 3549 (2014)).
- the laminin E8 fragment used in the present invention does not need to be an elastase digestion product of laminin, but may be a recombinant. Alternatively, it may be produced by a genetically modified animal (such as silkworm). From the viewpoint of avoiding contamination of unidentified components, in the present invention, a recombinant laminin fragment is preferably used.
- the E8 fragment of laminin 511 is commercially available and can be purchased from, for example, Nippi Corporation.
- the laminin or laminin fragment used in the present invention is preferably isolated.
- pluripotent stem cells are adherently cultured.
- the culture time of the pluripotent stem cells in the step (a) is not particularly limited as long as the effect of improving the quality of the aggregate formed in the subsequent step (1) is not particularly limited. It is preferably 2 to 96 hours, more preferably 6 to 48 hours, further preferably 12 to 48 hours, particularly preferably 18 to 28 hours, for example 24 hours. That is, the step (a) is started 0.5 to 144 hours, preferably 18 to 28 hours before the start of the step (1), and the step (1) is continuously performed after the step (a) is completed.
- Culture conditions such as the culture temperature and CO 2 concentration in the step (a) can be appropriately set.
- the culture temperature is, for example, about 30 ° C. to about 40 ° C., preferably about 37 ° C.
- the CO 2 concentration is, for example, about 1% to about 10%, preferably about 5%.
- human pluripotent stem cells are adherently cultured in a serum-free medium containing bFGF in the absence of feeder cells.
- the adherent culture is preferably performed in a cell container whose surface is coated with laminin 511, the E8 fragment of laminin 511 or vitronectin.
- the adhesion culture is preferably performed using StemFit as a feeder-free medium.
- human pluripotent stem cells are suspension-cultured in a serum-free medium containing bFGF in the absence of feeder cells.
- the human pluripotent stem cells may form aggregates of human pluripotent stem cells.
- Sonic hedgehog signal (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “Shh”) signaling pathway activator is a substance that can enhance Shh-mediated signaling.
- the substance acting on the Shh signaling pathway include proteins belonging to the Hedgehog family (for example, Shh and Ihh), Shh receptor, Shh receptor agonist, Smo agonist, Purmorphamine (9-cyclohexyl-N- [4- (morpholinyl) phenyl]].
- the agent acting on the Shh signaling pathway preferably includes at least one selected from the group consisting of SAG, Purmorphamine, and GSA-10, and more preferably includes SAG.
- the concentration of the substance acting on the Shh signaling pathway in the medium can be appropriately set within a range where the above-described effects can be achieved.
- SAG is generally used at about 1 nM to about 2000 nM, preferably about 10 nM to about 1000 nM, more preferably about 10 nM to about 700 nM, still more preferably about 50 nM to about 700 nM, and particularly preferably about 100 nM to about 600 nM. , Most preferably at a concentration of about 100 nM to about 500 nM.
- the substance acting on the Shh signaling pathway other than SAG when used, it is preferable that the substance be used at a concentration that exhibits the same Shh signal transduction promoting activity as that of the aforementioned concentration of SAG.
- the sonic hedgehog signal transduction promoting activity can be determined by a method well known to those skilled in the art, for example, a reporter gene assay focusing on the expression of the Gli1 gene (Oncogene (2007) 26, 5163-5168).
- TGF ⁇ family signaling pathway ie, TGF ⁇ superfamily signaling pathway
- TGF ⁇ transforming growth factor ⁇
- Nodal / Activin a ligand
- the TGF ⁇ family signaling pathway inhibitor refers to a substance that inhibits a TGF ⁇ family signaling pathway, that is, a signaling pathway transmitted by the Smad family, and specifically, a TGF ⁇ signaling pathway inhibitor, Nodal / Activin signaling pathway Inhibitors and BMP signaling pathway inhibitors can be mentioned.
- a TGF ⁇ signaling pathway inhibitor a TGF ⁇ signaling pathway inhibitor is preferable.
- the TGF ⁇ signal transduction pathway inhibitor is not particularly limited as long as it is a substance that inhibits a signal transduction pathway caused by TGF ⁇ , and may be any of nucleic acids, proteins, and low molecular weight organic compounds.
- the substance include substances that directly act on TGF ⁇ (eg, proteins, antibodies, aptamers, etc.), substances that suppress the expression of genes encoding TGF ⁇ (eg, antisense oligonucleotides, siRNA, etc.), and the binding of TGF ⁇ to TGF ⁇ receptors.
- the inhibitor include a substance that inhibits a physiological activity caused by signal transduction by a TGF ⁇ receptor (eg, an inhibitor of a TGF ⁇ receptor, an inhibitor of Smad, and the like). Proteins known as TGF ⁇ signaling pathway inhibitors include Lefty and the like.
- SB431542 (may be abbreviated as SB431 in the present specification and drawings) (4- [4- (3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl) -5- (2-pyridyl) -1H-imidazol-2- yl] benzamide), SB505124 (2- [4- (1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl) -2- (1,1-dimethylethyl) -1H-imidazol-5-yl] -6-methylpyridine), SB525334 ( 6- [2- (1,1-Dimethylethyl) -5- (6-methyl-2-pyridinyl) -1H-imidazol-4-yl] quinoxaline), LY2157299 (4- [5,6-Dihydro-2- ( 6-met yl-2-pyridinyl) -4H-pyrrolo [1,2-b] pyr
- SB431542 is a compound known as an inhibitor of TGF ⁇ receptor (ALK5) and Activin receptor (ALK4 / 7) (that is, a TGF ⁇ R inhibitor).
- SIS3 is a TGF ⁇ signaling pathway inhibitor that inhibits the phosphorylation of SMAD3, an intracellular signaling factor under the control of the TGF ⁇ receptor.
- the TGF ⁇ signaling pathway inhibitor used in the present invention preferably contains an Alk5 / TGF ⁇ R1 inhibitor.
- the Alk5 / TGF ⁇ R1 inhibitor preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of SB431542, SB505124, SB525334, LY2157299, GW788388, LY364947, SD-208, EW-7197, A83-01, RepSox, and more preferably SB431542. Or A83-01.
- the concentration of the TGF ⁇ signal transduction pathway inhibitor in the medium can be appropriately set within a range where the above-mentioned effects can be achieved.
- SB431542 is used as the TGF ⁇ transduction pathway inhibitor in step (a)
- it is generally about 1 nM to about 100 ⁇ M, preferably about 10 nM to 100 ⁇ M, more preferably about 10 nM to about 50 ⁇ M, even more preferably about 100 nM to about 50 ⁇ M, particularly Preferably, a concentration of about 1 ⁇ M to about 10 ⁇ M is used.
- a TGF ⁇ signaling pathway inhibitor other than SB431542 it is preferable to use a TGF ⁇ signaling pathway inhibitory activity equivalent to that of SB431542 at the above concentration.
- Culture conditions such as the culture temperature and the CO 2 concentration in the step (a) and the following steps (1) to (3) can be appropriately set.
- the culture temperature is, for example, about 30 ° C. to about 40 ° C., preferably about 37 ° C.
- the CO 2 concentration is, for example, from about 1% to about 10%, preferably about 5%.
- Step (1) Undifferentiated and maintained pluripotent stem cells, preferably the pluripotent stem cells cultured in step (a), are subjected to suspension culture in the presence of the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor to form cell aggregates ( 1) will be described.
- the Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor added in the step (1) is also referred to as a first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor in order to distinguish it from the second Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor described below.
- the Wnt signaling pathway is a signaling pathway using a Wnt family protein as a ligand and mainly using Frizzled as a receptor.
- the signal pathway includes a classical Wnt pathway (Canonical @ Wnt @ pathway) transmitted by ⁇ -Catenin, a non-classical Wnt pathway (Non-Canonical @ Wnt @ pathway), and the like.
- Non-classical Wnt pathways include the Planar ⁇ Cell ⁇ Polarity (PCP) pathway, Wnt / Calcium pathway, Wnt-RAP1 pathway, Wnt-Ror2 pathway, Wnt-PKA pathway, Wnt-GSK3MT pathway, Wnt-aPKC pathway, Wnt-RYK pathway , Wnt-mTOR pathway, and the like.
- PCP Planar ⁇ Cell ⁇ Polarity
- Wnt / Calcium pathway Wnt-RAP1 pathway
- Wnt-Ror2 pathway Wnt-PKA pathway
- Wnt-GSK3MT pathway Wnt-aPKC pathway
- Wnt-RYK pathway Wnt-mTOR pathway
- the Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor is not limited as long as it can suppress signal transduction triggered by Wnt family proteins.
- the inhibitor may be any of nucleic acids, proteins, and low molecular weight organic compounds. Examples of the substance include substances that inhibit Wnt processing and extracellular secretion, substances that directly act on Wnt (eg, proteins, antibodies, aptamers, etc.), substances that suppress expression of genes encoding Wnt (eg, antisense oligos) Nucleotides, siRNAs, etc.), substances that inhibit the binding of Wnt receptor to Wnt, and substances that inhibit biological activity caused by signal transduction by Wnt receptor.
- proteins belonging to the secreted Frizzled Related Protein (sFRP) class proteins belonging to the secreted Frizzled Related Protein (sFRP1 to 5, Wnt Inhibitory Factor-1 (WIF-1), Cerberus), and Dickkopf (Dkk) classes Belonging proteins (Dkk1-4, Kremen) and the like.
- sFRP Frizzled Related Protein
- WIF-1 Wnt Inhibitory Factor-1
- Cerberus Cerberus
- Dickkopf (Dkk) classes Belonging proteins Dkk1-4, Kremen
- Wnt signaling pathway inhibitors compounds well known to those skilled in the art can be used.
- Wnt signaling pathway inhibitors include Porcupine (PORCN) inhibitor, Frizzled inhibitor, Dislevelled (Dvl) inhibitor, Tankyrase (TANK) inhibitor, casein kinase 1 inhibitor, catenin-responsive transcription inhibitor, p300 inhibitor, CREB-binding protein (CBP) inhibitors, BCL-9 inhibitors (Am J Cancer Res. 2015; 5 (8): 2344-2360) and the like.
- non-classical Wnt pathway inhibitors include, for example, Calcium / calmodulin-dependent ⁇ protein ⁇ kinase ⁇ II (CaMKII) inhibitors, (TGF- ⁇ -activated ⁇ kinase ⁇ 1 (TAK1) inhibitors, Nemo-Like ⁇ Kinase (LK) inhibitors) , LIM Kinase inhibitor, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, c-Jun NH 2-terminalsekinase (JNK) inhibitor, protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, Methioninet2Aminapine (2AminapinAminapinAminapinamine) Agent, nuclear @ factor @ of active ed @ T @ cells (NFAT) inhibitors, ROCK inhibitors, etc.
- CaMKII Calcium / calmodulin-dependent ⁇ protein ⁇ kinase ⁇ II
- KY02111 N- (6-Chloro-2-benzothiazolyl)-
- KY03-I 2,4-bis(trimethybenzenepropanamide)
- KY03-I 2,4-bis(trimethybenzenepropanamide)
- IWP-2 N- (6-methyl-2-benzothiazolyl) -2-[(3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-4--4-oxo-3-phenylthieno [3,2-d] pyrimidine) -2-yl) thio] -acetamide
- IWP-3 (2-[[3- (4-fluorophenyl) -3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-4-oxothieno [3,2-d] pyrimidine-2 -Yl] thio] -N- (6-methyl-2-benzothiazolyl) -acetamide
- IWP-4 N- (6-methyl-2-benzothiazolyl) -2-[[3,4,6,7-tetrahydro) -3- (2-methoxyp enyl) -4-oxothieno [3,2-d] pyrimidin-2-yl] thio] -acetamide
- IWP-L6 N- (6-methyl-2-benzothi
- the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor used in the present invention preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of PORCN inhibitors, KY02111 and KY03-I, and more preferably contains PORCN inhibitors. It is also preferred that the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor comprises a substance having an inhibitory activity of Wnt on non-classical Wnt pathway.
- the PORCN inhibitor used in the present invention is preferably a group consisting of IWP-2, IWP-3, IWP-4, IWP-L6, IWP-12, LGK-974, Wnt-C59, ETC-159 and GNF-6231. At least one selected from the group consisting of IWP-2 and Wnt-C59, more preferably IWP-2.
- the concentration of the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor in the medium can be appropriately set within a range where the above-mentioned effects can be achieved.
- concentration is usually about 10 nM to about 50 ⁇ M, preferably about 10 nM to about 30 ⁇ M, more preferably about 100 nM to about 10 ⁇ M, and most preferably about 2 ⁇ M.
- the concentration is usually about 10 nM to about 30 ⁇ M, preferably about 20 nM to about 10 ⁇ M, and more preferably about 500 nM.
- KY02111 its concentration is generally about 10 nM to about 50 ⁇ M, preferably 10 nM to about 30 ⁇ M, more preferably about 100 nM to about 10 ⁇ M, and still more preferably about 5 ⁇ M.
- the time of addition of the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor is usually within 48 hours, preferably within 24 hours, more preferably within 12 hours, more preferably within 12 hours, from the start of suspension culture of pluripotent stem cells in step (1). At the same time as the start.
- the medium of step (1) further contains a TGF ⁇ signal transduction pathway inhibitor.
- a TGF ⁇ signal transduction pathway inhibitor used in the step (1), the same substances as those exemplified in the step (a) are used.
- the TGF ⁇ signal transduction pathway inhibitors in step (a) and step (1) may be the same or different, but are preferably the same.
- the concentration of the TGF ⁇ signal transduction pathway inhibitor in the medium can be appropriately set within a range where the above-described effects can be achieved.
- SB431542 When SB431542 is used as a TGF ⁇ transmission pathway inhibitor, it is generally used at a concentration of about 1 nM to about 100 ⁇ M, preferably about 10 nM to about 100 ⁇ M, more preferably about 100 nM to about 50 ⁇ M, and even more preferably about 500 nM to about 10 ⁇ M. .
- a TGF ⁇ signaling pathway inhibitor other than SB431542 when used, it is desirable to use a TGF ⁇ signaling pathway inhibitory activity equivalent to that of SB431542 at the above concentration.
- the medium used in the step (1) is not particularly limited as long as it is as described in the above definition.
- the medium used in step (1) may be a serum medium or a serum-free medium.
- a serum-free medium is preferably used from the viewpoint of avoiding contamination of chemically undetermined components.
- a serum-free medium eg, 5% KSR, 450 ⁇ M4501-monothiol in a 1: 1 mixture of IMDM and F-12
- an appropriate amount of a serum substitute such as commercially available KSR can be used.
- a medium supplemented with glycerol and 1x Chemically Defined Lipid Concentrate or a medium supplemented with GMEM supplemented with 5% to 20% KSR, NEAA, pyruvate and 2-mercaptoethanol.
- the amount of KSR to be added to the serum-free medium is, for example, about 1% to about 30%, preferably about 2% to about 20% for human ES cells.
- the pluripotent stem cells are preferably dispersed in single cells. For this reason, before starting the step (1), it is preferable to perform an operation of dispersing the pluripotent stem cells obtained in the step (a) into single cells (also referred to as a step (b)).
- “Dispersed in single cells” means, for example, a state in which 70% or more of all cells are single cells and a mass of 2 to 50 cells is present in 30% or less.
- the cells dispersed in single cells preferably, 80% or more are single cells, and a state in which a mass of 2 to 50 cells exists is 20% or less.
- the cells dispersed in a single cell include a state where adhesion between cells (for example, surface adhesion) is almost eliminated.
- cells dispersed in a single cell include states in which cell-cell junctions (eg, adherent junctions) have been substantially eliminated.
- the operation of dispersing the pluripotent stem cells obtained in the step (a) may include the above-described mechanical dispersion treatment, cell dispersion treatment, and cell protection agent addition treatment. These processes may be performed in combination.
- the cell dispersion treatment is performed at the same time as the treatment for adding the cell protective agent, and then the mechanical dispersion treatment is performed.
- cytoprotective agent used in the cytoprotective agent addition treatment examples include an FGF signal transduction pathway activator, heparin, a ROCK inhibitor, a myosin inhibitor, serum, or a serum substitute.
- Preferred cytoprotective agents include ROCK inhibitors.
- a ROCK inhibitor may be added from the start of the culture in step (1).
- Y-27632 ((R)-(+)-trans-4- (1-Aminoethyl) -N- (4-pyridyl) cyclohexanecarboxamide, dihydrochloride), Fasudil (HA1077) (1- (5-) Isoquinolinylsulfonyl) homopiperazine, hydrochloride), H-1152 (5-[[(2S) -hexahydro-2-methyl-1H-1,4-diazepin-1-yl] sulfonylyl) -4-ethylhydrin) -4-methodylyl -1100 (Hydroxyfasudil) ([1- (1-Hydroxy-5-isoquinoli) esulfonyl) homopiperazine, hydrochloride) and the like can be given.
- a prepared cell protecting agent can also be used.
- the prepared cytoprotective agent include RevitaCell Supplement (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific) and CloneR (manufactured by StemCell Technologies). These substances may be used alone or in combination.
- Examples of the cell dispersion used in the cell dispersion treatment include a solution containing at least one of an enzyme such as trypsin, collagenase, hyaluronidase, elastase, pronase, DNase, and papain, and a chelating agent such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
- an enzyme such as trypsin, collagenase, hyaluronidase, elastase, pronase, DNase, and papain
- a chelating agent such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
- Commercially available cell dispersions such as TripLE Select (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific), TripLE Express (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific), and Accumax (Innovative Cell, available from Cellotech, Inc.).
- a pipetting treatment or a scraping operation with a scraper may be mentioned.
- the dispersed cells are suspended in the medium.
- the suspension of the dispersed pluripotent stem cells is seeded in the incubator, and the dispersed pluripotent stem cells are cultured under non-adhesive conditions with respect to the incubator. Are aggregated and aggregated to form cell aggregates.
- a plurality of cell aggregates may be simultaneously formed in one incubator.
- a fixed number of pluripotent stem cells dispersed in each well of a multi-well plate U-bottom, V-bottom
- a non-cell-adhesive 96-well microplate Is preferably seeded.
- Examples of the multi-well plate include PrimeSurface @ 96V bottom plate (MS-9096V, manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd.). Centrifugation may be performed in order to form cell aggregates more quickly. By collecting the aggregate formed in each well from a plurality of wells, a uniform aggregate population can be obtained.
- a culture vessel it is also preferable to use a three-dimensional cell culture vessel capable of exchanging the medium of the entire plate at a time with the cell aggregates or cell clumps remaining in each well.
- a three-dimensional cell culture vessel include PrimeSurface # 96 slit well plate (manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd.). This plate is provided with a thin opening (slit) at the top of each of the 96 wells, through which the medium can enter and exit. Since the slit is set to have a width that does not allow passage of cell aggregates or cell aggregates, the medium in the entire plate can be replaced at a time while preventing adhesion of cell aggregates or cell aggregates, thereby improving the operation efficiency. Sex and cell mass quality can be improved.
- the concentration of the pluripotent stem cells in the step (1) can be appropriately set so that cell aggregates can be formed more uniformly and efficiently.
- a human pluripotent stem cell for example, a human iPS cell obtained from the step (a)
- a human pluripotent stem cell for example, a human iPS cell obtained from the step (a)
- a 96-well microwell plate usually about 1 ⁇ 10 3 to about 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells per well
- a solution prepared so as to have about 8 ⁇ 10 3 to about 1.2 ⁇ 10 4 cells is added to each well, and the plate is allowed to stand to form an aggregate.
- the number of cells can be determined by counting with a hemocytometer.
- a medium exchange operation for example, an operation of adding a new medium without discarding the original medium (medium addition operation), about half the original medium (volume of the original medium)
- the medium may be exchanged several times a day, preferably several times within one hour (for example, two to three times). Good. If, at a certain point, the components contained in the original medium are diluted to lower the concentration, the cells or aggregates may be transferred to another culture vessel.
- the tool used for the medium exchange operation is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a pipettor, Pipetman (registered trademark), a multi-channel pipette, and a continuous pipettor.
- a pipettor When using a 96-well plate as a culture vessel, a multi-channel pipette may be used.
- the suspension culture time required to form cell aggregates can be appropriately determined depending on the pluripotent stem cells used, but is preferably as short as possible in order to form uniform cell aggregates.
- the steps up to the formation of cell aggregates of the dispersed cells are divided into the step of cell aggregation and the step of aggregation of the aggregated cells. From the point of seeding the dispersed cells (ie, from the start of suspension culture) to the time the cells converge, for example, in the case of human pluripotent stem cells (such as human iPS cells), preferably within about 24 hours, more preferably Allow the cells to form within about 12 hours.
- the time when the dispersed cells are seeded that is, at the start of suspension culture
- it is preferably about 72 hours.
- Aggregates are formed within less than about 48 hours.
- the time until the formation of the aggregate can be appropriately adjusted by adjusting a tool for aggregating cells, centrifugation conditions, and the like.
- the formation of cell aggregates is based on the size and number of aggregates, macroscopic morphology, microscopic morphology and its uniformity by tissue staining analysis, expression of differentiation and undifferentiation markers and their uniformity, The determination can be made based on the expression control, its synchronism, the reproducibility of differentiation efficiency between aggregates, and the like.
- the suspension culture time in the step (1) is usually about 8 hours to 6 days, preferably about 12 hours to 48 hours.
- the steps (1) to (3) may be performed in the presence of a substance acting on the Wnt signaling pathway.
- the Wnt signaling pathway includes the classical Wnt pathway (Canonical @ Wnt @ pathway), the non-classical Wnt pathway (Non-Canonical @ Wnt @ pathway), and the like.
- Non-classical Wnt pathways include the Planar ⁇ Cell ⁇ Polarity (PCP) pathway, Wnt / Calcium pathway, Wnt-RAP1 pathway, Wnt-Ror2 pathway, Wnt-PKA pathway, Wnt-GSK3MT pathway, Wnt-aPKC pathway, Wnt-RYK pathway , Wnt-mTOR pathway, and the like.
- PCP Planar ⁇ Cell ⁇ Polarity
- the substance acting on the Wnt signaling pathway is not limited as long as it can activate signal transduction elicited by Wnt family proteins. Any of nucleic acids, proteins, and low molecular organic compounds may be used.
- the substance for example, a substance that promotes the autocrine secretion of Wnt, a substance that stabilizes Wnt and suppresses degradation, a recombinant protein of Wnt, a partial sequence peptide of Wnt and its derivatives and derivatives, and acts on Wnt receptor Substances that activate the Wnt intracellular signal transduction mechanism, Wnt intracellular signal transduction factors and variants thereof (such as ⁇ -Catenin @ S33Y), and substances that activate gene expression downstream of the Wnt response element. Can be mentioned. Proteins known as Wnt signaling pathway activators include Wnt, R-Spondin and the like.
- ⁇ Wnt signaling pathway agents Compounds known to those skilled in the art can also be used as ⁇ Wnt signaling pathway agents.
- Examples of the compound having an activity as a substance acting on the Wnt signal transduction pathway include lithium chloride, AMBMP hydrochloride, SGC AAK1, Foxy 5, CHIR99021, CHIR98014, TWS119, SB216763, SB415286, BIO, AZD2818, AZD1081-T LY2099034, IM-12, Indirubin, Bikinin, A ⁇ 1070722, 3F8, Kenpaullone, 10Z-Hymenialdisine, Indirubin-3′-oxime, NSC 693868, TC-G 24, TCS 2002, TCS 2002, TCS 132, MCS1132 , WAY 262611, I IC3a, Methyl Vanillate, derivatives of IQ-1 and their compounds.
- the first Wnt signal transduction pathway inhibitor is added, but the Wnt signal transduction pathway inhibitor having different action points and the Wnt signal transduction pathway inhibitor are used in combination, whereby the plurality of Wnt signal Only a specific pathway among the transmission pathways can be activated or inhibited.
- the Wnt signaling pathway acting substance is preferably a substance that acts on a factor downstream of the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor added in step (1). It is also preferable that the added substance acting on the Wnt signaling pathway is a substance that activates the classical Wnt pathway (Canonical @ Wnt @ pathway), and it inhibits and stabilizes the degradation of ⁇ -catenin, which is a Wnt signaling factor in the cell.
- the added substance acting on the Wnt signaling pathway is a substance that promotes or activates ⁇ -catenin-responsive transcription (CRT).
- GSK3 inhibitors examples include CHIR99021, CHIR98014, TWS119, SB216763, SB415286, BIO, AZD2858, AZD1080, AR-A014418, TDZD-8, LY2090314, IM-12, Indirubin, Bikinin, Alikinin, Bikinin, Alikinin, Alikinin, Bikinin, Alikinin, Bikinin, Alikinin , Indirubin-3'-oxime, NSC $ 693868, TC-G # 24, TCS # 2002, TCS # 21311, CP21R7 and derivatives of these compounds.
- ⁇ Preferred combinations of the Wnt signaling pathway active substance and the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor include GSK3 inhibitors and PORCN inhibitors.
- GSK3 inhibitors and PORCN inhibitors When a GSK3 inhibitor and a PORCN inhibitor are used in combination, the classical Wnt pathway is activated and the non-classical Wnt pathway is inhibited.
- the GSK3 inhibitor When a GSK3 inhibitor and a PORCN inhibitor are used in combination, the GSK3 inhibitor preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of CHIR99021, CHIR98014, SB216763, SB415286, and BIO, and more preferably contains CHIR99021.
- the PORCN inhibitor is preferably IWP-2, IWP-3, IWP-4, IWP-L6, IWP-12, LGK-974, ETC-159, GNF- 6231 and at least one selected from the group consisting of Wnt-C59, and more preferably IWP-2.
- a GSK3 inhibitor and KY02111 or a derivative thereof may be used in combination.
- Substances having the action of inhibiting and stabilizing the degradation of ⁇ -catenin having a different mechanism of action from GSK3 inhibitors include, for example, BML-284 and SKL2001, and these compounds and their derivatives are also PORCN inhibitors, KY02111 and derivatives thereof May be used in combination.
- the concentration of the substance acting on the Wnt signaling pathway in the medium can be appropriately set within a range in which the above-mentioned effects can be achieved. From the viewpoint of promoting survival and proliferation of nervous system cells or tissues inside the cell mass, when CHIR99021 is used as a substance acting on the Wnt signaling pathway, it is usually about 10 pM to about 10 mM, preferably about 100 pM to about 1 mM, and more preferably. Is used at a concentration of about 1 nM to about 100 ⁇ M, more preferably about 10 nM to about 30 ⁇ M, most preferably about 100 nM to about 3 ⁇ M. When a Wnt signaling pathway active substance other than CHIR99021 is used, it is preferable to use the substance having a Wnt signaling pathway promoting activity equivalent to that of the above-mentioned concentration of CHIR99021.
- Step (2) The step (2) of culturing the cell aggregate obtained in the step (1) in suspension in the presence of a substance acting on the BMP signaling pathway will be described.
- BMP signaling pathway agonist is a substance capable of enhancing a signaling pathway mediated by BMP (osteogenic protein).
- BMP osteoogenic protein
- examples of the substance acting on the BMP signaling pathway include a BMP protein such as BMP2, BMP4 or BMP7, a GDF protein such as GDF7, an anti-BMP receptor antibody, and a BMP partial peptide. These substances may be used alone or in combination.
- Definitions of BMP signaling pathway agents from the standpoint of biological activity include, for example, osteoblasts on cells such as mouse precursor chondrocyte cell line ATDC5, mouse calvaria-derived cell line MC3T3-E1, mouse striated muscle-derived cell line C2C12, etc.
- Substances having the ability to induce differentiation into cell-like cells and the ability to induce alkaline phosphatase production are included.
- Examples of the substance having the above activity include BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-5, BMP-6, BMP-7, BMP-9, BMP-10, BMP-13 / GDF-6, BMP-14 / GDF -5, GDF-7 and the like.
- the BMP2 protein and the BMP4 protein can be obtained from, for example, R & D Systems, the BMP7 protein can be obtained from, for example, Biolegend, and the GDF7 protein can be obtained, for example, from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- the substance acting on the BMP signaling pathway preferably contains at least one protein selected from the group consisting of BMP2, BMP4, BMP7, BMP13 and GDF7, and more preferably contains BMP4.
- the concentration of the substance acting on the BMP signaling pathway in the medium can be appropriately set within a range in which the above-described effects can be achieved. From the viewpoint of the production efficiency of cell masses containing olfactory nerve cells or progenitor cells thereof, when BMP4 is used as a BMP signaling pathway activator, it is usually about 1 pM to about 100 nM, preferably about 10 pM to about 50 nM, and more preferably about 10 pM to about 50 nM.
- a substance other than BMP4 it is desirable to use a substance having a BMP signaling pathway promoting activity equivalent to that of the above-mentioned BMP4.
- the activity described in the product insert such as the ED 50 of the ability to induce alkaline phosphatase production against the mouse precursor chondrocyte cell line ATDC5, etc.
- the medium used in step (2) is not particularly limited as long as it contains a substance that acts on the BMP signaling pathway.
- the medium used in step (2) may be a serum medium or a serum-free medium. From the viewpoint of avoiding contamination of chemically undetermined components, a serum-free medium is preferably used.
- a serum-free medium for example, 5% KSR, 450 ⁇ M 1-monothioglycerol in a 1: 1 mixture of IMDM and F-12 in a 1: 1 mixture of IMDM and F-12
- the amount of KSR to be added to the serum-free medium is, for example, about 1% to about 30%, preferably about 2% to about 20% for human ES cells.
- the start time of the step (2) is preferably within 0.5 hours to 6 days after the start of the suspension culture in the step (1).
- the time is preferably from 0.5 hours to 72 hours, and more preferably from 24 hours to 60 hours.
- the start time of the step (2) is preferably 10% or more and 100% or less in the surface layer of the aggregate formed in the step (1). Preferably, it is a time when 30% to 100%, more preferably 50% to 100% of cells form tight junctions with each other.
- the culture in the presence of the BMP signal transduction pathway agent is started by using the culture vessel in which the step (1) has been performed, by the above-mentioned medium exchange operation (for example, a medium addition operation, a half-amount medium exchange operation, Medium exchange operation) or the cell aggregate may be transferred to another culture vessel.
- the medium exchange operation for example, a medium addition operation, a half-amount medium exchange operation, Medium exchange operation
- the cell aggregate may be transferred to another culture vessel.
- the period of suspension culture in the medium containing the BMP signal transduction pathway active substance in step (2) can be appropriately set.
- the time of suspension culture in step (2) is usually about 8 hours to 6 days, preferably about 10 hours to 96 hours, more preferably about 12 hours to 72 hours, still more preferably about 14 hours to 48 hours, and most preferably. Is about 16 hours to 36 hours.
- step (2) additives used in the step (a) or the step (1), for example, a substance acting on the Shh signaling pathway, a substance inhibiting the first Wnt signaling pathway, a substance acting on the Wnt signaling pathway, inhibiting the TGF ⁇ signaling pathway Subsequent addition of substances etc. is also preferred.
- the Shh signaling pathway active substance, the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor, the Wnt signaling pathway active substance or the TGF ⁇ signaling pathway inhibitor added in the step (2) is the same as the substance used in the previous step. Although they may be present or different, they are preferably the same.
- the concentration and type of the additive can be appropriately adjusted.
- the timing of adding these substances may be simultaneous with the start of step (2) or may be different.
- Step (3) The step (3) of obtaining a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or their precursor cells, including the step of suspending and culturing the cell aggregate obtained in the step (2), will be described.
- Step (3) comprises culturing in the presence of an FGF signaling pathway acting substance (3a), culturing in the presence of a BMP signaling pathway inhibitor (3b), and FGF signaling pathway acting substance and BMP signaling.
- Step (3a) The step (3a) of culturing the cell aggregate obtained in the step (2) in suspension in the presence of an FGF signaling pathway substance will be described. Step (3a) is performed in the absence of a BMP signaling pathway inhibitor based on external factors. Further, when the reaction is performed in the presence of a BMP signaling pathway inhibitor based on an external factor, the step (3c) will be described later.
- “based on an external factor” means that it is caused by artificial addition.
- the FGF signaling pathway acting substance is not particularly limited as long as it is a substance capable of enhancing a signaling pathway mediated by FGF (fibroblast growth factor).
- FGF fibroblast growth factor
- Examples of the substance acting on the FGF signaling pathway include FGF1, FGF2 (sometimes referred to as bFGF), FGF protein such as FGF8, anti-FGF receptor antibody, FGF partial peptide, and the like. These substances may be used alone or in combination.
- the FGF signal transduction pathway agent preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of FGF2 and FGF8, and variants thereof, more preferably contains FGF2, and further preferably contains recombinant human FGF2.
- the concentration of the FGF signaling pathway acting substance in the medium can be appropriately set within a range in which the above-mentioned effects can be achieved.
- FGF2 when FGF2 is used as the FGF signaling pathway activator, usually about 1 pg / ml to about 100 ⁇ g / ml, Preferably from about 10 pg / ml to about 50 ⁇ g / ml, more preferably from about 100 pg / ml to about 10 ⁇ g / ml, even more preferably from about 500 pg / ml to about 1 ⁇ g / ml, most preferably from about 1 ng / ml to about 200 ng / ml.
- FGF2 Used at a concentration of
- FGF2 it is preferable to use the FGF2 at a concentration that exhibits the same FGF signaling pathway promoting activity as the above-mentioned concentration of FGF2.
- Heparin is available as a sodium salt, for example, from Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- concentration of heparin or heparan sulfate in the medium can be appropriately set as long as the above-mentioned effects can be achieved.
- the concentration of sodium heparin in the medium is usually about 1 ng / ml to about 100 mg / ml, preferably about 10 ng / ml to about 50 mg / ml, more preferably about 100 ng / ml to about 10 mg / ml, and still more preferably about 500 ng / ml. / Ml to about 1 mg / ml, most preferably from about 1 ⁇ g / ml to about 200 ⁇ g / ml.
- the concentration is preferably a concentration having the same FGF protein protection activity as the above concentration of heparin. In order to maintain the activity of the FGF protein in a cell culture environment at 37 ° C.
- FGF2 a modified form of FGF such as Thermostable @ FGF2 described in US Pat. It is also preferred to use FGF2 sustained release beads.
- Thermostable @ FGF2 is available from, for example, HumanZyme.
- StemBeads @ FGF2 is available, for example, from StemCulture.
- Step (3b) The step (3b) of suspension-culturing the cell aggregate obtained in the step (2) in the presence of a BMP signaling pathway inhibitor will be described. Step (3b) is performed in the absence of an FGF signaling pathway agent based on external factors. Further, when the reaction is performed in the presence of an FGF signaling pathway acting substance based on an external factor, it will be described later as step (3c).
- a BMP signaling pathway inhibitor is not limited as long as it can suppress signal transduction induced by BMP family proteins. Any of nucleic acids, proteins, and low molecular organic compounds may be used. Examples of the substance include substances that inhibit BMP processing and extracellular secretion, substances that directly act on BMP (eg, proteins, antibodies, aptamers, etc.), substances that suppress the expression of genes encoding BMP (eg, antisense oligos) Nucleotides, siRNA, etc.), substances that inhibit the binding of BMP receptor and BMP, and substances that inhibit the biological activity resulting from signal transduction by the BMP receptor.
- the BMP receptor includes a type I BMP receptor and a type II BMP receptor, and the type I BMP receptor is BMPR1A, BMPR1B, ACVR, and the type II BMP receptor is TGF-beta-R-II, ActR-II. , ActR-IIB, BMPR2 and MISR-II are known.
- BMP signaling pathway inhibitors include, for example, Noggin, Chordin, Follistatin, Gremlin, Inhibin, Twisted Gastrolation, Coco, secreted proteins belonging to the Dan family. Since the BMP signal transduction pathway agent is added to the culture solution in the step (2), the BMP signal transduction pathway in the step (3b) is more effectively inhibited from the viewpoint of inhibiting the subsequent BMP signal transduction pathway.
- the inhibitor is a substance that inhibits a signal transduction pathway after secretion of BMP to the outside of a cell, for example, a substance that inhibits binding of a BMP receptor to a BMP, and inhibits a biological activity caused by signal transduction by a BMP receptor. It preferably contains a substance or the like, and more preferably contains a type I BMP receptor inhibitor.
- BMP signaling pathway inhibitor a compound known to those skilled in the art can also be used.
- BMP signaling pathway inhibitors include K02288 (3-[(6-Amino-5- (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) -3-pyridinyl] phenol, 3- [6-Amino-5- (3, 4,5-trimethylphenyl) -3-pyridinyl] -phenol), Dorsomorphin (6- [4- [2- (1-Piperidinyl) ethoxy] phenyl] -3- (4-pyridinyl) pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidine), LDN-193189 (4- [6- [4- (1-Piperazinyl) phenyl] pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidin-3-yl] quinoline @ dihydrochloro.) de), LDN-212854 (5- [6- [4- (1-Piperazinyl) phenyl
- the BMP signaling pathway inhibitor used in the present invention is preferably a type I BMP receptor inhibitor, more preferably from K02288, Dorsomorphin, LDN-193189, LDN-212854, LDN-214117, ML347, DMH1, and DMH2. At least one selected from the group consisting of K02288.
- the concentration of the BMP signal transduction pathway inhibitor in the medium can be appropriately set within a range where the above-mentioned effects can be achieved. From the viewpoint of the formation efficiency of the olfactory epithelium-like tissue, when K02288 is used as the BMP transmission pathway inhibitor in the step (3b), it is usually about 1 nM to about 100 ⁇ M, preferably about 10 nM to about 50 ⁇ M, and more preferably about 100 nM to about 100 nM. It is used at a concentration of 50 ⁇ M, more preferably about 500 nM to about 25 ⁇ M.
- LDN-193189 When LDN-193189 is used as a BMP transmission pathway inhibitor, it is usually used at a concentration of about 1 nM to about 100 ⁇ M, preferably about 10 nM to about 10 ⁇ M, more preferably about 25 nM to about 1 ⁇ M, and still more preferably about 100 nM to about 500 nM. Is done.
- LDN-212854 When LDN-212854 is used as a BMP transmission pathway inhibitor, it is usually used at a concentration of about 1 nM to about 100 ⁇ M, preferably about 10 nM to about 10 ⁇ M, more preferably about 25 nM to about 5 ⁇ M, and still more preferably about 250 nM to about 3 ⁇ M. Is done.
- ML-347 When ML-347 is used as a BMP transmission pathway inhibitor, it is usually used at a concentration of about 1 nM to about 100 ⁇ M, preferably about 10 nM to about 50 ⁇ M, more preferably about 100 nM to about 50 ⁇ M, and still more preferably about 1 ⁇ M to about 25 ⁇ M. Is done.
- DMH2 When used as a BMP transmission pathway inhibitor, it is generally used at a concentration of about 1 nM to about 100 ⁇ M, preferably about 10 nM to about 10 ⁇ M, more preferably about 25 nM to about 5 ⁇ M, and even more preferably about 250 nM to about 3 ⁇ M.
- a BMP signaling pathway inhibitor other than K02288 it is desirable to use a BMP signaling pathway inhibitory activity equivalent to the above concentration of K02288.
- Step (3c) The step (3c) of suspension-culturing the cell aggregate obtained in the step (2) in the presence of an FGF signaling pathway inhibitor and a BMP signaling pathway inhibitor will be described.
- the type, concentration, etc. of the substance acting on the FGF signal transduction pathway and the substance inhibiting the BMP signal transduction pathway used in step (3c) can be performed under the same conditions as in step (3a) or step (3b), or under different conditions. It can also be implemented.
- FGF2 when used as the FGF signaling pathway acting substance, it is usually about 1 pg / ml to about 100 ⁇ g / ml, preferably about 10 pg / ml to about 50 ⁇ g / ml, more preferably about 100 pg / ml to It is used at a concentration of about 10 ⁇ g / ml, more preferably about 500 pg / ml to about 1 ⁇ g / ml, most preferably about 1 ng / ml to about 200 ng / ml.
- K02288 When K02288 is used as a BMP transmission pathway inhibitor in step (3c), it is generally about 1 nM to about 100 ⁇ M, preferably about 10 nM to about 50 ⁇ M, more preferably about 50 nM to about 50 ⁇ M, and still more preferably about 100 nM to about 25 ⁇ M. Used at a concentration of
- the step (3c) may be performed after the step (3a) or the step (3b), or only the step (3c) may be performed.
- the culture period of the step (3a) is usually 1 day to 40 days, preferably 2 days to 30 days, more preferably 3 days to 25 days, and furthermore Culture is preferably performed for 6 to 25 days.
- the type, concentration, and the like of the substance acting on the FGF signaling pathway used at that time may be the same conditions as when only step (3a) is performed, or may be different conditions.
- the culture period of the step (3a) is performed until the retinal tissue is formed in the cell mass. It is preferred to carry out.
- Rx, Chx10, N- It can be performed by a technique such as fluorescent immunostaining for a marker expressed in retinal tissue such as Cadherin.
- the start time of the step (3a), the step (3b) or the step (3c) is preferably 0.5 hour from the addition of the BMP signaling pathway activator in the step (2). After that, it is within 96 hours, more preferably within 12 hours and within 72 hours, further preferably within 12 hours and within 48 hours.
- the start time of the step (3a), the step (3b) or the step (3c) is determined on the surface of the cell mass after the addition of the BMP signaling pathway activator in the step (2). It is preferred to start before the neuroepithelial tissue is formed.
- E -It can be performed by a technique such as fluorescent immunostaining for a marker expressed in non-neural epithelial tissues such as Cadherin and EpCAM.
- the culture start of the step (3a), the step (3b) or the step (3c) is performed by using the culture vessel in which the step (2) has been performed, by the above-mentioned medium exchange operation (for example, a medium addition operation, a half-amount medium exchange operation, a whole-amount medium). Exchange operation or the like), or the cell aggregate may be transferred to another culture vessel.
- the medium exchange operation for example, a medium addition operation, a half-amount medium exchange operation, a whole-amount medium. Exchange operation or the like
- the cell aggregate may be transferred to another culture vessel.
- the duration of the suspension culture in the step (3a), the step (3b) or the step (3c) can be set as appropriate.
- the suspension culture time in the step (3a), the step (3b) or the step (3c) is usually about 8 hours to 200 days, preferably about 10 hours to 180 days, more preferably about 12 hours to 150 days, and still more preferably. Is about 14 hours to 120 days, most preferably about 20 hours to 100 days.
- the suspension culture time in the step (3b) or the step (3c) is usually about 8 hours to 12 days, preferably about 10 hours to It is about six days.
- the step (3) may further include, after the step (3b) or the step (3c), a step (3d) of performing suspension culture in the absence of a BMP signaling pathway inhibitor. That is, the step (3d) of obtaining a cell mass by suspension-culturing the cell aggregate obtained in the step (3b) or the step (3c) in the absence of a BMP signaling pathway inhibitor will be described.
- the cell mass obtained in the step (3b) or the step (3c) may be further subjected to suspension culture in the absence of a BMP signaling pathway inhibitor.
- the BMP signaling pathway inhibitor added in the step (3b) or the step (3c) is removed from the culture environment.
- a half volume medium exchange operation and a whole volume medium exchange operation can be mentioned.
- the above-described medium exchange operation may be performed a plurality of times a day, preferably a plurality of times (for example, two to three times) within one hour.
- cell aggregates are collected in another sterilized container (15 ml tube, dish for suspension culture, etc.), and a culture medium or physiological medium is collected. After washing with a saline solution or the like, an operation of transferring to a culture environment in the absence of a BMP signaling pathway inhibitor (transfer operation of cell aggregates) may be mentioned.
- the culture vessel used for the culture after the transfer at this time may be the same (96-well plate or the like) as that used in the step (3b) or the step (3c), or may be another vessel (a dish for floating culture). Etc.).
- the cell aggregate or the cell aggregate is contained in each well. It is also preferable to use a three-dimensional cell culture vessel capable of changing the medium of the entire plate at once with the cell mass still contained.
- the cell aggregate obtained in the step (3b) or the step (3c) is subjected to suspension culture in the absence of a BMP signaling pathway inhibitor, so that cell death hardly occurs and cell proliferation. Is further promoted, and a cell mass in which the formation efficiency of the olfactory epithelium-like tissue and the formation efficiency of the epithelial structure in the nerve tissue part are improved can be obtained.
- step (3d) preferably, an agent acting on the FGF signaling pathway is present.
- the substance that acts on the FGF signaling pathway added in step (3d) may be the same or different from the substance used in step (3a) or (3c), but is preferably the same.
- the concentration and type of the substance acting on the FGF signaling pathway can be appropriately adjusted.
- the starting time of the step (3d) is preferably 0.5 hours or more after the addition of the BMP signaling pathway inhibitor in the step (3b) or (3c).
- the period is within 0.5 days, more preferably within 0.5 hours and within 30 days, even more preferably within 12 hours and within 96 hours.
- the period of suspension culture in the absence of a BMP signaling pathway inhibitor in step (3d) can be set as appropriate.
- the suspension culture time in the step (3d) is usually about 8 hours to 200 days, preferably about 10 hours to 180 days, more preferably about 12 hours to 150 days, still more preferably about 14 hours to 120 days, and most preferably. Is about 20 days to 100 days.
- the medium used in step (3) is not particularly limited, and may be a serum medium or a serum-free medium. From the viewpoint of avoiding contamination of chemically undetermined components, a serum-free medium is preferably used. To avoid the complexity of preparation, it is preferable to use a serum-free medium to which an appropriate amount of a serum substitute such as commercially available KSR is added.
- the amount of KSR to be added to the serum-free medium is, for example, about 1% to about 30%, preferably about 2% to about 20% for human ES cells.
- the medium used in the step (3) is, for example, a 1: 1 mixture of IMDM and F-12, 5% KSR, 450 ⁇ M 1-monothioglycerol and 1 ⁇ Chemically Defined Lipid Concentrate, 5% GMEM. -20% KSR, NEAA, pyruvate, 2-mercaptoethanol-added medium, Neurobasal plus B27 Supplement, DMEM / F-12 plus N2 Supplement, StemPro ⁇ NSC SFM ⁇ serum-free human
- a prepared medium for culturing neural cells such as a neural stem cell culture medium (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific), may be used.
- step (3) an additive used for producing a cell mass in any one of step (a), step (1) and step (2), for example, a substance acting on the Shh signaling pathway, the first Wnt signaling pathway It is also preferred to subsequently add an inhibitor, a substance acting on the Wnt signaling pathway, a TGF ⁇ signaling pathway inhibitor or the like.
- the Shh signaling pathway active substance, the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor, the Wnt signaling pathway active substance and the TGF ⁇ signaling pathway inhibitor added in the step (3) are the step (a), the step (1) and the step, respectively.
- the substance used in any of the steps (2) may be the same or different, but is preferably the same.
- the concentration and type of the additive can be appropriately adjusted.
- the additive used in the step (3) more preferably contains the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor, more preferably the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor, the Wnt signaling pathway acting substance, and the TGF ⁇ signaling pathway inhibition. Contains substances.
- step (3) be performed in the presence of an EGF signaling pathway active substance.
- An EGF signaling pathway agent is a substance that can enhance a signaling pathway mediated by epidermal growth factor (EGF).
- EGF signaling pathway activators include EGFR such as EGF, TGF- ⁇ , AR (amphiregulin), EPG, HB-EGF (heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor), BTC (betacellulin), EPR (epiregulin) and the like.
- EGF proteins are available, for example, from Thermo ⁇ Fisher ⁇ Scientific and PrimeGene.
- HB-EGF protein is available, for example, from R & D @ Systems.
- EGF signaling pathway agents preferably include EGF.
- the concentration of the substance acting on the EGF signal transduction pathway in the medium can be appropriately set within a range where the above-mentioned effects can be achieved.
- EGF is used as an EGF signal transduction pathway agent, it is generally about 1 pg / ml to about 100 ⁇ g / ml, preferably about 10 pg / ml to about 50 ⁇ g / ml, more preferably about 100 pg / ml to about 10 ⁇ g / ml, and Preferably, a concentration of about 500 pg / ml to about 1 ⁇ g / ml is used, most preferably about 1 ng / ml to about 200 ng / ml.
- an EGF signaling pathway acting substance other than EGF it is desirable to use an EGF signaling pathway promoting activity equivalent to the above-mentioned concentration of EGF.
- the above-mentioned substance may be present in at least one step selected from the group consisting of steps (3a) to (3d) in step (3), or may be present in all of steps (3a) to (3d). May be present.
- the timing of adding the above substances may be simultaneous with the start of step (3a), step (3b), step (3c) or step (3d), or may be different.
- a more mature cell mass including cells with advanced differentiation can be obtained.
- Such a culture is also called a mature culture.
- a serum-free medium is suitably used from the viewpoint of avoiding contamination of chemically undetermined components.
- the same medium as that used in the steps (1) to (3) can be used.
- a known medium used for culturing nerve cells or the like for example, a medium (N2B27 medium) in which 0.5% N2 Supplement and 1% B27 Supplement are added to a 1: 1 mixture of DMEM / F-12 medium and Neurobasal medium.
- a medium (StemPro ⁇ NSC ⁇ SFM medium) obtained by adding StemPro ⁇ NSC ⁇ SFM ⁇ Supplement to Knockout ⁇ DMEM / F-12 medium can also be used.
- the culture can be continued in the culture vessel used at the start of the suspension culture. Further, the cell mass can be transferred to a new culture vessel, for example, a dish for suspension culture, a flask for suspension culture, or the like, and the culture can be performed.
- a new culture vessel for example, a dish for suspension culture, a flask for suspension culture, or the like.
- the step (3) may include a step (3e) of further culturing after the step (3a), the step (3b) or the step (3c). After the step (3d), a step (3e) may be included. By the step (3e), olfactory nerve cells having a more advanced differentiation stage can be obtained.
- the medium used may be the same as that used in the maturation culture of step (1) to step (3) or step (3).
- a known medium used for culturing nerve cells or the like for example, a medium (N2B27 medium) in which 0.5% N2 Supplement and 1% B27 Supplement are added to a 1: 1 mixture of DMEM / F-12 medium and Neurobasal medium
- a medium in which StemPro ⁇ NSC ⁇ SFM ⁇ Supplement is added to Knockout ⁇ DMEM / F-12 medium (StemPro ⁇ NSC ⁇ SFM medium); , CnT-Prime, Epithelial Culture Medium, etc. can also be used.
- any of the additives used for producing the cell mass in any of the above steps for example, a BMP signaling pathway inhibitor, a TGF ⁇ signaling pathway inhibitor, a Shh signaling pathway acting substance, a first Wnt signal It is also preferable to add a transmission pathway inhibitor, a Wnt signaling pathway agonist, an FGF signaling pathway agonist, an EGF signaling pathway agonist, or the like.
- These substances added in step (3e) may be the same or different from the substances used in any of the above steps, but are preferably the same.
- the concentration and type of the additive can be appropriately adjusted.
- the additive used in step (3e) is more preferably a BMP signaling pathway inhibitor, a TGF ⁇ signaling pathway inhibitor, a Wnt signaling pathway acting substance, an FGF signaling pathway acting substance and an EGF signaling pathway acting substance. At least one selected from the group consisting of:
- a substance that acts on the retinoic acid transmission pathway is further present.
- the retinoic acid transfer pathway acting substance include all-trans retinoic acid, isotretinoin, 9-cis retinoic acid, TTNPB, Ch55, EC19, EC23, Fenretinide, Acitretin, Trifarotene, and Adapalene. These substances may be used alone or in combination.
- ⁇ Retinoic acid signaling pathway agents preferably include EC23.
- the concentration of the substance acting on the retinoic acid transmission pathway in the medium is not particularly limited as long as the above-mentioned effect can be achieved. It is about 10 ⁇ M, preferably about 100 pM to about 5 ⁇ M, more preferably about 1 nM to about 1 ⁇ M, and still more preferably about 10 nM to about 500 nM.
- a retinoic acid transmission pathway active substance other than EC23 it is desirable to use the retinoic acid transmission pathway active substance at a concentration equivalent to the above concentration of EC23.
- serum is further present in step (3e).
- the serum is not particularly limited, but serum commonly used in cell culture can be used.
- the concentration of serum in the medium is not particularly limited as long as the above-mentioned effects can be achieved, but is, for example, about 1% to 20%, and preferably about 3% to about 15%.
- the cell mass is cultured in a viscous medium containing a thickener from the viewpoint of protecting cells and improving the production efficiency of the olfactory epithelium-like tissue by imitating the physical environment of the living body. Is preferred.
- Means for imparting viscosity to the culture medium is not particularly limited, but for example, it can be carried out by adding a substance generally known as a thickener at an appropriate concentration to the culture medium. Any thickener that can impart the above-mentioned appropriate viscosity to the medium and does not adversely affect cells (having no cytotoxicity) within a concentration range that can impart the viscosity can be used. Thickeners can also be used.
- thickener examples include methylcellulose, pectin, guar gum, xanthan gum, tamarind gum, carrageenan, locust bean gum, gellan gum, dextrin, diutan gum, starch, tara gum, alginic acid, curdlan, sodium casein, carob bean gum, chitin, chitosan, Glucosamine, pullulan, agarose, dietary fiber and chemically modified substances or derivatives thereof, cellulose, polysaccharides such as agarose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylethylcellulose, hydroxypropylethylcellulose , Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, dihydroxypropyl Ethers of polysaccharides such as cellulose, hydroxyethylhydroxypropylcellulose, polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrroli
- these thickeners can be used alone or as a mixture of several types of thickeners.
- a copolymer of a water-soluble polymer used as a thickener may be used.
- methylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose or a mixture thereof, more preferably methylcellulose can be used.
- the medium having viscosity has a viscosity of usually 100 mPa ⁇ S or more, preferably 500 mPa ⁇ S or more, more preferably 1000 mPa ⁇ S or more, and still more preferably 2000 mPa ⁇ S or more, under the condition of 37 ° C. which is suitably used as a culture environment. Is used.
- the concentration of the thickener added to the medium can be appropriately adjusted as long as the viscosity can be imparted and the cell does not have a hindrance to cells.
- methylcellulose (4000 cP) as a thickener, it is used usually at a concentration of 0.5% to 10%, preferably 1% to 7.5%, and more preferably 2% to 5%.
- step (3e) it is also preferable to adhere and culture the formed cell aggregate from the viewpoint of suppressing the thinning of the tissue containing the olfactory nerve cells in the formed cell mass and improving the production efficiency of the tissue.
- a culture device for adhering cells either a flat cell culture dish or a thin-film cell culture device such as Transwell can be used. These cell culture dishes or cell culture equipment may be coated with a basement membrane preparation, an extracellular matrix such as laminin, a synthetic cell adhesion molecule such as poly-D-lysine, etc. in order to promote cell adhesion.
- the gas-liquid interface culturing method (Air liquid interface culture) refers to culturing under conditions in which at least one surface of a cell or tissue is exposed to the air or is in a very close position.
- the gas-liquid interface culturing method for example, cells or tissues are cultured on a porous membrane or in a culture insert, the culture solution in the insert (lumen side) is extracted, and the well in the outside of the insert is removed.
- an oxygen-permeable membrane or plate such as PDMS can be placed on a cell or a tissue to adjust the exposure conditions.
- the start time of the step (3e) is, for example, within 60 days, preferably within 30 days from the start of the step (3), for example, after 12 hours. And preferably after 96 hours.
- the culture period in step (3e) can be set as appropriate.
- the culture period in step (3e) is usually about 8 hours to 200 days, preferably about 1 day to 150 days, more preferably about 2 days to 120 days, and most preferably about 4 days to 100 days.
- Step (3) may include a step of burying and culturing the cell aggregate in a gel from the viewpoint of promoting maturation of olfactory nerve cells and central nervous system cells.
- the gel include gels using agarose, methylcellulose, collagen, Matrigel and the like, and it is preferable to use Matrigel.
- step (3) is performed using a mouse sarcoma-derived basement membrane sample (Matrigel) Is preferably performed in the absence of From the viewpoint of promoting growth of the olfactory epithelium-like tissue, step (3) may be performed in the presence of Matrigel.
- concentration of the basement membrane sample in the medium is preferably 0.5% or more and 4% or less when Matrigel is used, and more preferably 0.5% or more and 1.5% or less from the viewpoint of experimental operation. is there.
- the addition time of the basement membrane preparation varies depending on the state of the cell aggregate, but is, for example, 7 days or more after the start of the step (1), and more preferably 9 days or more.
- the time of addition of the basement membrane preparation is, for example, from the fourth day and after the start of the step (3a), (3b) or (3c), and after the sixth day.
- a Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor different from the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor added in step (3) (also referred to as a second Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor in the present invention) may be present.
- the mechanism of action of the second Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor is preferably different from that of the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor.
- the second Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor preferably includes a substance having an inhibitory activity on the classical Wnt pathway (canonical-Wnt @ pathway), and more preferably includes a TANK inhibitor.
- the Wnt signaling pathway active substance is not added in step (1).
- Substances having an inhibitory activity on the intracellular signaling mechanism of the classical Wnt pathway include, for example, Frizzled inhibitors, Dvl inhibitors, TANK inhibitors, casein kinase 1 inhibitors, catenin-responsive transcription inhibitors, p300 inhibitors, CBP inhibitors Agents, BCL-9 inhibitors.
- TANK inhibitors include, for example, IWR1-endo (4-[(3aR, 4S, 7R, 7aS) -1,3,3a, 4,7,7a-hexahydro-1,3-dioxo-4,7-methano- 2H-isoindol-2-yl] -N-8-quinolinyl-benzamide), XAV939 (3,5,7,8-tetrahydro-2- [4- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl] -4H-thiopyrano [4,3-d] Pyrimidin-4-one), MN-64 (2- [4- (1-methylethyl) phenyl] -4H-1-benzopyran-4-one), WIKI4 (1-[(1S) -1- (4- Chloro-3-fluorophenyl) -2-hydr xyethyl] -4- [2-[(2-methylpyrazol-3-yl) amino] pyrimidin-4-
- the TANK inhibitor used as the second Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of IWR1-endo, XAV939 and MN-64, and more preferably contains XAV939.
- the concentration of the second Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor in the medium can be appropriately set within a range in which the above-described effects can be achieved. From the viewpoint of maintaining placode-like tissue and preventing thinning, for example, when XAV939, one of TANK inhibitors, is used as the second Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor, the concentration is usually about 0.01 ⁇ M to about 0.01 ⁇ M. 30 ⁇ M, preferably about 0.1 ⁇ M to about 30 ⁇ M, and more preferably about 0.3 ⁇ M.
- the second Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor may be added at a stage before the thinning and transdifferentiation of the placode-like tissue on the surface of the cell mass occurs in step (3). It is usually 12 hours or more from the start of the suspension culture of the competent stem cells, usually within 28 days, preferably within 24 days, more preferably within 21 days.
- the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor and the second Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor may be simultaneously present in the medium, or only the second Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor is added to the medium. It may be.
- the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor may be diluted stepwise by adding only the second Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor during half-volume medium exchange.
- the second Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor may be present in at least one step selected from the group consisting of steps (3a) to (3d) in step (3), or may be present in steps (3a) to (3d). ) May be present in all the steps.
- the timing of adding the second Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor may be simultaneous with the start of step (3a), step (3b), step (3c) or step (3d), or may be different.
- TAK1 is a serine threonine protein kinase of the MAPK kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) family that mediates signaling activated by TGF ⁇ , bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), interleukin 1 (IL-1), TNF- ⁇ and the like. .
- the TAK1 inhibitor is not limited as long as it can suppress TAK1-mediated signal transduction. Any of nucleic acids, proteins, and low molecular organic compounds may be used.
- the substance for example, a substance that inhibits the binding of TAK1 to a substrate, a substance that inhibits phosphorylation of TAK1, a substance that promotes dephosphorylation of TAK1, a substance that inhibits transcription and translation of TAK1, and a substance that promotes degradation of TAK1 And the like.
- TAK1 inhibitor for example, (5Z) -7-oxoseaenol ((3S, 5Z, 8S, 9S, 11E) -3,4,9,10-tetrahydro-8,9,16-trihydroxy-14-methythoxy-3-methylyl) -1H-2-benzoxycyclotetradecin-1,7 (8H) -dione), N-Des (aminocarbonyl) @ AZ-TAK1 @ inhibitor (3-Amino-5- [4- (4-morpholinylmethyl) phenyl] -2-thiophix) Takeninb (N1- (1-Propyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl) -1,3-benzendicarboxamide), NG25 (N- 4-[(4-Ethyl-1-piperazinyl) methyl] -3- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl] -4-methyl-3- (1H-pyrrolo [2,3-b] pyri
- the TAK1 inhibitor used in the present invention is preferably (5Z) -7-Oxoseaenol.
- (5Z) -7-Oxoseaenol is used as the TAK1 inhibitor in step (3), it is generally about 1 nM to about 100 ⁇ M, preferably about 10 nM to about 50 ⁇ M, more preferably about 100 nM to about 25 ⁇ M, and still more preferably about 500 nM. Used at a concentration of ⁇ 10 ⁇ M.
- TAK1 inhibitor other than (5Z) -7-Oxoseaenol it is preferable to use a TAK1 inhibitor having a TAK1 inhibitory activity equivalent to the above concentration of (5Z) -7-Oxoseaenol.
- step (3) it is also preferable to add a further growth factor to the medium from the viewpoint of suppressing cell death and promoting cell growth.
- the type of the growth factor to be added is not particularly limited as long as the above object can be achieved.
- growth factors used for this purpose include insulin-like growth factor (IGF), nerve growth factor (Nerve growth factor), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
- Neurotrophin 3 Neurotrophin 4/5, Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Pigment epithelium-derived factor : PEDF), hepatocyte growth factor (Hepatocyte) growth factor: HGF), and the like.
- IGF insulin-like growth factor
- Nema growth factor nerve growth factor
- BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- Neurotrophin 3 Neurotrophin 4/5
- Ciliary neurotrophic factor CNTF
- VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor
- PEDF Pigment epithelium-
- a platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or other platelet-derived growth factor receptor agonist is added to the medium from the viewpoint of suppressing cell death and promoting cell proliferation. It is also preferred.
- PDGF has four types of genes, A, B, C, and D, and functions as a ligand by forming a homodimer or a specific combination of AA, AB, BB, CC, and DD.
- the PDGF receptor has two kinds of genes, ⁇ and ⁇ , and functions as a receptor by forming a homo- or hetero-dimer of a combination of ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ .
- PDGFR ⁇ is well expressed in non-neural ectoderm containing placode
- the platelet-derived growth factor receptor agonist used in the present invention preferably has an action on PDGFR ⁇ or PDGFR ⁇ , more preferably PDGFR ⁇ .
- PDGFR ⁇ including at least one selected from the group consisting of AB, PDGF-BB, PDGF-CC and PDGF-DD, and more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of PDGF-BB and PDGF-CC.
- PDGF-AB, PDGF-BB, PDGF-CC, and PDGF-DD are available as recombinant proteins from R & D Systems, GenScript, and the like.
- step (1), step (2) and / or step (3) it is also preferable to add a compound that promotes differentiation into a placode region from the viewpoint of improving the production efficiency of the olfactory epithelium-like tissue.
- the compound having the above action include BRL-54443, Phenanthroline, and Parthenolide described in US Pat. No. 2,160,326,491A1.
- BRL-54443 is used as a compound for promoting differentiation into a placode region, the compound is generally used at a concentration of 10 nM to 100 ⁇ M
- Phenanthroline when Phenanthroline is used, usually at 10 nM to 100 ⁇ M
- Parthenolide it is usually used at a concentration of 10 nM to 100 ⁇ M.
- step (3) it is also preferable to culture in a high oxygen atmosphere from the viewpoint of suppressing cell death and promoting cell growth.
- the condition of high oxygen in the culture process can be realized by, for example, connecting an oxygen cylinder to an incubator for culturing cells and artificially supplying oxygen.
- the oxygen concentration for such purpose is usually 25% to 80%, more preferably 30% to 60%.
- a culture device having high gas exchange efficiency can be used from the viewpoint of increasing the amount of oxygen supplied into the medium for culturing the cell mass.
- Examples of such culture equipment include a cell culture dish, a Lumox dish with a gas-permeable film on the bottom of the plate (manufactured by Sarstedt Co., Ltd.), VECELL 96 well plate (manufactured by Bethel Co., Ltd.), and the like.
- cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or their precursor cells can be used to confirm their presence by immunostaining or other specific methods using the same markers as the corresponding cells and tissues existing in the living body, respectively.
- tissue are not necessarily the same in function, structure, and the like as cells and tissues existing in a living body.
- olfactory nerve cells contained in the cell mass of the present invention can be stained with the same marker as olfactory nerve cells present in a living body, but the state of gene expression and synaptic connections are not necessarily in vivo. Olfactory nerve cells are not necessarily in the same state.
- the cell mass in the present invention 1) a non-neuroepithelial tissue part containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof, and 2) including a nervous tissue part containing nervous system cells or precursor cells thereof,
- the nervous system cells or progenitor cells thereof include nervous system cells or progenitor cells constituting the central nervous system, It refers to an aggregate in which at least a part of the surface of the neural tissue is covered with the non-neural epithelial tissue.
- a cell mass is a population of cells formed artificially and has a certain cell type, cell number, shape and composition.
- the number of cells constituting the cell mass of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 or more, more preferably 500 or more, from the viewpoint of forming a cell mass composed of a plurality of cell types.
- the shape of the cell mass of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be spherical, elliptical, or sheet-like, but is preferably spherical.
- the cell mass of the present invention can be preferably produced by the above-mentioned production method of the present invention.
- the cell mass includes a non-neural epithelial tissue part and a neural tissue part. At least a part of the nerve tissue portion is covered with the non-neural epithelium tissue portion.
- the surface of the nervous tissue is preferably 30% or more, more preferably 60% or more, further preferably 80% or more, and most preferably the whole is covered with the non-neural epithelial tissue.
- a gap may be formed in at least a part between the non-neural epithelial tissue portion and the neural tissue portion.
- the non-neural epithelial tissue section contains olfactory nerve cells or olfactory nerve progenitor cells.
- the nervous tissue part includes nervous system cells constituting the central nervous system or precursor cells thereof, and may include nervous system cells constituting the retina or precursor cells thereof.
- the cell mass of the present invention includes a non-neuroepithelial tissue part.
- the non-neuroepithelial tissue portion refers to a tissue having an epithelial structure and not including a neuroepithelial tissue.
- the epithelial structure refers to a structure in which cells are connected to each other by intercellular connections to form a layer.
- the layer may be a single layer or a multilayer, but is preferably 2 or more and 5 or less, more preferably 3 or more and 4 or less. Further, a part of the epithelial structure may be a multilayer.
- the non-neuroepithelial tissue part according to the cell mass of the present invention is preferably 50% to 90%, more preferably 80% to 100%, and most preferably the whole has an epithelial structure. .
- the non-neuroepithelial tissue portion may include extracellular matrix.
- the non-neural epithelial tissue section contains olfactory nerve cells or their precursor cells.
- Olfactory nerve cells or progenitor cells thereof are at least one selected from the group consisting of Tuj1, NCAM, N-Cadherin, and Calretinin, which are markers of neural cells, and EpCAM, E-Cadherin, which are markers of non-neural cells. It can be defined as a cell that simultaneously expresses at least one selected from the group consisting of keratin, and is a transcription factor specifically expressed in olfactory nerve cells or its precursor cells, Ebf1, Ebf2, Ebf3, NeuroD, Lhx2. , Ascl1 is preferably further expressed.
- Olfactory nerve cells contained in the non-neural epithelial tissue preferably express olfactory receptors, and more preferably receive olfactory information similarly to olfactory nerve cells localized in the olfactory epithelium in a living body, Information can be transmitted to the system.
- the term olfactory nerve cell precursor cell refers to a cell that becomes an olfactory nerve cell when mature, and also includes a cell capable of differentiating into an olfactory nerve cell.
- the progenitor cells of the olfactory nerve cells preferably exhibit properties similar to those of neurons present in the olfactory epithelium placode.
- the cells constituting the non-neuronal epithelial tissue part preferably 1% or more, more preferably 5% or more, even more preferably 10% or more and 50% or less are olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof.
- the non-neural epithelial tissue portion further includes a basement membrane-like structure, and the basement membrane-like structure is more preferably formed between the non-neural epithelial tissue portion and the nerve tissue portion. It is more preferable that the cells contained in the non-neural epithelial tissue part adhere.
- the basement membrane-like structure refers to a thin film-like structure composed of an extracellular matrix, and can be determined by laminin immunostaining.
- the basement membrane-like structure preferably contributes to the maintenance of the structure of the non-neural epithelium, the mechanical separation of the non-neural epithelium and the nerve, and the selective permeation of substances, like the basement membrane in vivo. I do.
- the non-neural epithelial tissue portion preferably forms a multi-row epithelium or a stratified epithelium, and more preferably forms a multi-row epithelium.
- Multi-row epithelium is an epithelial structure in which cells form multiple layers on the basal lamina-like structure, but all cells extend their projections and come into contact with the basal lamina-like structure. Is done.
- the stratified epithelium refers to an epithelial structure in which cells form a plurality of layers on a basement membrane-like structure.
- a part of the non-neuronal epithelial tissue may form a multi-row epithelium or a stratified epithelium, or the whole may form a multi-row epithelium or a stratified epithelium.
- the non-neural epithelium tissue portion includes an olfactory epithelium-like tissue, and olfactory nerve cells or their precursor cells are preferably contained in the olfactory epithelium-like tissue.
- Olfactory epithelium-like tissues include Six1, Sp8, Sox2, Sox3, Dlx5, Emx2, Pax6, Otx2, PDGFR ⁇ , cytokeratin, EpCAM, E-Cadherin and N-Cadherin expressed in the olfactory epithelium or its precursor tissue (olfactory epithelium placode). And expressing a region expressing at least one selected from the group consisting of: Otx2, Sp8, Sox2, EpCAM, E-Cadherin, and cytokeratin.
- the olfactory epithelium-like tissue preferably further contains at least two kinds of cells selected from the group consisting of supporting cells, basal cells and Bowman's gland cells, and precursor cells thereof, and more preferably contains basal cells or precursor cells thereof.
- the feeder cell or a precursor cell thereof refers to a cell expressing at least one selected from the group consisting of HIF2 ⁇ , Sox2, Hes1, Hes5, and Six1.
- the basal cell or its precursor cell refers to a cell expressing at least one selected from the group consisting of p63, Wt1 and Lgr5.
- Bowman's gland cells or precursor cells thereof refer to cells expressing at least one selected from the group consisting of cytokeratin and Ascl3.
- the olfactory epithelium-like tissue preferably further contains olfactory nerve sheath cells or precursor cells thereof.
- Olfactory nerve sheath cells or precursor cells thereof refer to cells expressing at least one selected from the group consisting of S100, Sox10 and vimentin.
- S100, Sox10 and vimentin As a marker for olfactory nerve sheath cells or precursor cells thereof, for example, Brain Structure and Function 222.4 (2017): 1877-1895. Can also be used.
- the supporting cells, basal cells, Bowman's gland cells or olfactory nerve sheath cells or precursor cells thereof are preferably the supporting cells, basal cells, Bowman's gland cells or olfactory nerve sheath cells present in the olfactory epithelium or olfactory epithelium placode in vivo. Exhibit the same properties as the precursor cells.
- the olfactory epithelium-like tissue preferably contains a basement membrane-like structure, and more preferably forms a multi-row epithelial structure or a stratified epithelial structure.
- the olfactory epithelium-like tissue has a basal surface facing the nerve tissue part and an apical surface located on the opposite side to the basal surface, the basal surface includes olfactory nerve precursor cells and basal cells, and the apical surface is It is preferable to include supporting cells and olfactory nerve cells. It is preferable that the basal plane (or the olfactory nerve progenitor cell) is in contact with the basement membrane, which is a laminin-positive noncellular structure. It is preferred that the cells present on the apical surface express PKC ⁇ .
- FIG. 1B shows an enlarged view of a non-neuroepithelial tissue portion of one form of the cell mass according to the present invention.
- the non-neural epithelial tissue portion preferably has a basal surface facing the neural tissue portion, and an apical surface located opposite to the basal surface.
- On the basal plane there is preferably a precursor cell of the olfactory nerve cell (olfactory nerve precursor cell).
- the olfactory epithelium-like tissue includes an olfactory epithelium inner part and a peripheral part of the olfactory epithelium provided around the inner part of the olfactory epithelium, and it is preferable that the olfactory epithelium has a lateral-media region.
- the olfactory epithelium-like tissue may consist of the olfactory epithelium and the olfactory epithelium.
- the olfactory epithelium inner part refers to a region where cells expressing at least one selected from the group consisting of Sox2, Tuj1, and Ascl1 are located.
- the peripheral part of the olfactory epithelium refers to a region where cells expressing at least one selected from the group consisting of Pbx, Meis1, Pax6, and ⁇ IVtubulin, preferably Pax6 and Pbx are localized.
- the non-neuroepithelial tissue portion may include non-neuroepithelial tissue other than the olfactory epithelium-like tissue.
- the non-neuronal epithelial tissue does not contain olfactory nerve cells or progenitor cells thereof, expresses at least one selected from the group consisting of cytokeratin, E-cadherin and EpCAM, and expresses Ebf1, Ebf2, Ebf3, NeuroD, Lhx2, Ascl1. Refers to a region that is not expressed.
- the non-neural epithelial tissue preferably comprises respiratory epithelium and corneal cells, and their precursor cells.
- the cell mass may be such that the entire nerve tissue portion is covered with the non-neural epithelial tissue portion, and the olfactory epithelium-like tissue is formed in a part of the non-neural epithelial tissue portion.
- the olfactory epithelium-like tissue may include an olfactory epithelium inner part and an olfactory epithelium peripheral part provided around the olfactory epithelium inner part. 60% or more and 80% or less of the surface of the cell mass covered with the non-neuronal epithelial tissue may be the inner part of the olfactory epithelium.
- the structure, size, positional relationship, and the like of the olfactory epithelium-like tissue and the non-neuronal epithelium are not particularly limited.
- a gap may be formed between the olfactory epithelium-like tissue and the non-neuroepithelial tissue part.
- a part of the nervous tissue may be covered with the non-neural epithelial tissue.
- the cell mass of the present invention includes a nerve tissue part.
- the nervous tissue section contains nervous system cells or their precursor cells.
- the nervous system cells or precursor cells thereof include nervous system cells or precursor cells thereof constituting the central nervous system.
- the nervous system cells or progenitor cells constituting the central nervous system express at least one selected from the group consisting of Pax6, Bf1, Sp8, Sox1, Sox2, Emx2, Tuj1, and N-Cadherin, and express cytokeratin.
- the cells can be defined as cells that have not been expressed, and preferably express Pax6, Sox2, and Tuj1.
- the nervous system cells constituting the central nervous system or the precursor cells thereof preferably show nerve cells, glial cells, neural stem cells and the like in the central nervous system in the living body, or the same properties as these precursor cells.
- the nerve tissue may form an epithelial structure.
- One form of the cell mass according to the present invention is shown in FIG.
- the nervous tissue is covered with a non-neural epithelium, and the nervous tissue forms an epithelial structure.
- the epithelial structure may be formed on a part of the nerve tissue part or may be formed entirely.
- a gap may be formed in at least a part between the non-neural epithelial tissue portion and the neural tissue portion.
- Nervous system cells or precursor cells thereof preferably include nervous system cells or progenitor cells constituting the retina.
- Neural cells or progenitor cells thereof that constitute the retina can be defined as cells expressing at least one selected from the group consisting of Rax, Six3, Chx10, Pax6, Lhx2, and Aldh1a3, and express Rax and Chx10. Is preferred.
- the nervous system cells constituting the retina or their precursor cells preferably show retinal cells, retinal progenitor cells, retinal-specific nerve cells, or the like in a living body, or properties similar to these progenitor cells.
- the central nervous system includes the cerebrum.
- the cerebrum (including cells constituting the cerebrum) refers to a tissue that expresses at least one selected from the group consisting of the Emx family gene, Otx2, Bf1, and Pax6.
- the cerebrum preferably has a layer structure.
- the cerebrum preferably contains the olfactory cortex.
- the olfactory cortex indicates a tissue expressing at least one selected from the group consisting of Tbr1, Ctip2 and FoxP2.
- the cerebrum preferably contains the basal ganglia or its primordium.
- the basal ganglia or its primordium refers to a tissue expressing at least one selected from the group consisting of a Dlx family gene, Gsh2, Nkx2.1 and Islet1.
- the basal ganglia or its primordium is the outer basal ganglia primordium.
- the outer basal ganglia refers to a tissue expressing at least one selected from the group consisting of Er81 and Islet1.
- the cerebrum preferably contains the olfactory bulb or its precursor tissue.
- the olfactory bulb or its precursor tissue refers to a tissue expressing at least one selected from the group consisting of Arx, Tbr1 and Tbx21.
- the cell mass preferably contains gonadotropin-releasing hormone-positive nerve cells.
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-positive neurons refer to cells expressing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and precursor cells thereof.
- a bone mass is not usually formed in the cell mass of the present invention, but a bone mass may be contained in the cell mass. It is preferable that the bone tissue, the bone cell or its precursor cell expresses at least one selected from the group consisting of Runx2, Osterix and ATF. Whether or not bone tissue is formed in the formed cell mass can be determined by a method known to those skilled in the art, for example, alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase staining, or immunostaining for the bone tissue-specific gene. .
- the method for detecting cells and tissues contained in the produced cell mass is not particularly limited, but a method that can be easily performed with high reliability and reproducibility is preferable. Examples include optical observation with a microscope, immunostaining using antibodies against each cell or tissue marker, gene expression analysis such as real-time PCR for the marker gene, functional assays using olfactory receptor agonists, mice, rats, etc. And preferably immunostaining using an antibody against the above-mentioned marker.
- Interpretation of the results of immunostaining can be carried out by a method known to those skilled in the art, such as visual discrimination by those skilled in the art, or quantitative analysis of captured images using image analysis software or the like.
- the protein nucleic acid enzyme Vol. 54 No. 2 (2009) P185-192, etc. false positives caused by autofluorescence, nonspecific adsorption of secondary antibodies, leakage of fluorescence during multiple staining, etc., must be eliminated.
- the presence or absence of protein expression was determined according to the method described in Preliminary Experiment 1 described below.
- the present invention can provide a method for evaluating an olfactory receptor active substance using the above-mentioned "cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof".
- a method for evaluating an olfactory receptor agonist for example, a step of contacting olfactory nerve cells or olfactory epithelium-like tissue prepared from the cell mass with a test substance, and assaying the effect of the test substance on the cell or the tissue And a method for identifying a specific olfactory receptor that reacts with the compound to be evaluated.
- One embodiment of the method for evaluating an olfactory receptor agonist according to the present invention is a method for evaluating an olfactory receptor agonist, which includes the following steps (A) to (D).
- A a step of sorting cells expressing an olfactory receptor from a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof,
- B a step of bringing the test substance into contact with the sorted cells expressing the olfactory receptor,
- C a step of identifying cells activated by contact with the test substance;
- D a step of identifying an olfactory receptor expressed in a cell activated by contact with the test substance.
- Step (A)> The step of sorting cells expressing an olfactory receptor from a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof will be described.
- the sorting method in the step (A) can sort the olfactory nerve cells from the cell mass. Should be fine.
- the sorting method desirably causes less damage to cells and less contamination of unintended cells.
- One embodiment of the sorting method in the step (A) may include a step of treating the tissue and dispersing it into single cells. Examples of the dispersion method include dispersion by an enzyme treatment using a protease, dispersion by a calcium chelating agent treatment, mechanical dispersion, and the like, and preferably dispersion by an enzyme treatment.
- the target cells can be purified and sorted using a cell surface marker.
- the method for sorting cells of interest include fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) using an antibody against an olfactory nerve cell-specific cell surface marker, and magnetic cell separation (MACS).
- Olfactory nerve cell-specific cell surface markers include, for example, OCAM.
- proteins, sugar chains, lipids and the like expressed in the cell membrane of olfactory nerve cells can be used as markers with reference to PloS @ one, 10 (1), e0113170 and the like.
- the sorted cells can be cultured in a medium used for ordinary cell culture. At that time, a growth factor and a cytoprotective agent can be added to suppress cell death.
- the olfactory epithelium-like tissue can be separated from the cell mass and used for evaluation. From the cell mass described above, the olfactory epithelium-like tissue formed outside the cell mass can be exfoliated and collected using tweezers or the like under microscopic observation. Olfactory epithelium-like tissues are described, for example, in Nature @ communications, 2016,7. As described in (1), the resulting cell mass can be identified as a translucent thin epithelium on the surface layer.
- a freeze-thaw method preferably a slow freezing method, may be used as a method for collecting the olfactory epithelium-like tissue.
- the method involves freezing and thawing a cell mass having an olfactory epithelium-like tissue on the outside and a neuroepithelium tissue on the inside, whereby the outer olfactory epithelium-like tissue is detached from the cell mass without physical treatment. .
- Step (B)> The step of bringing the test substance into contact with the sorted cells or tissues expressing the olfactory receptor will be described.
- the cells or tissues to be brought into contact with the test substance in the step (B) may be in a floating state or an adhered state, but from the viewpoint of increasing the survival rate of the olfactory nerve cells and facilitating operations such as washing in the subsequent steps.
- Adherent cells are preferred.
- a culture device for adhering cells either a flat cell culture dish or a thin-film cell culture device such as Transwell can be used. These cell culture dishes or cell culture equipment may be coated with an extracellular matrix such as laminin or a synthetic matrix such as poly-D-lysine to promote cell adhesion.
- the test substance used in step (B) can be used as it is or diluted with a solvent.
- the solvent used for dilution at this time is preferably one that does not affect the test results.
- physiological saline Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), DMEM, etc.
- PBS Phosphate buffered saline
- HBSS Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution
- DMEM fetal calf serum
- DMSO ethanol, mineral oil or the like
- Culture conditions such as a culture temperature and a CO 2 concentration under the exposure conditions of the test substance in the step (B) can be appropriately set.
- the culture temperature is, for example, about 30 ° C. to about 40 ° C., preferably about 37 ° C.
- the CO 2 concentration is, for example, about 1% to about 10%, preferably about 5%.
- the exposure period of the test substance in the step (B) can be appropriately set. The exposure period is, for example, 30 seconds to 2 days, preferably 1 minute to 1 day.
- Step (C)> The step of identifying cells activated by contact with a test substance will be described.
- the method performed in the step (C) is not particularly limited as long as cells activated by contact with the test substance can be identified, but a method that can easily process a large amount of a sample at a low cost at a time is preferable.
- Examples include a method for detecting a change in membrane potential, a method for detecting a change in gene expression, a method for detecting a change in intracellular ion concentration, and the like.
- intracellular ions using a calcium indicator such as Fluo4 @ AM This is a method for detecting a change in density.
- Step (D)> The step of identifying an olfactory receptor expressed in a cell activated by contact with a test substance will be described.
- the method performed in the step (D) is not limited as long as the olfactory receptor expressed in the activated cells can be identified, but a method that can easily process a large amount of a sample at a low cost at a time is preferable.
- One example is the single-cell RNA sequencing method.
- the present invention can provide a kit for evaluating an olfactory receptor active substance or a screening kit for an olfactory receptor for carrying out the above-mentioned “4. Method for using as olfactory receptor active substance evaluation reagent”.
- the reagent or the kit includes the cell mass of the present invention or the olfactory nerve cells or the olfactory epithelium-like tissue separated from the cell mass in the above-mentioned step (A) and the like, and the above-mentioned steps (B) to (D).
- Identifying at least one of a reagent, a culture solution, a culture vessel, and an analysis program used for performing, preferably a reagent used as a positive control or a negative control, or a cell activated by contact with a test substance Contains reagents.
- the kit may further include a document or instruction describing the screening procedure.
- the present invention provides a method for preparing a cell mass in the same manner as in the above-mentioned “4. Method for using as an olfactory receptor active substance evaluation reagent” or “5. Kit for evaluating olfactory receptor active substance or screening kit for olfactory receptor”.
- a method and a kit for evaluating neurotoxicity or pharmacological effect by contacting the contained nerve cells or nerve tissue with a test substance can be provided.
- the present invention can provide a therapeutic agent for a disease based on a disorder of nerve tissue or a disorder of a sensory organ, preferably a disorder of an olfactory system, including the cell mass or cells or tissues contained in the cell mass.
- Nervous tissue disorders include disorders of the central nervous system, such as spinal cord injury, brain injury, or neurodegenerative diseases. Examples of the brain injury include hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic attack, brain injury due to encephalopathy, traumatic brain injury, brain injury due to cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage, and the like.
- neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), peripheral neuropathy, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and the like. These diseases may be diseases of non-human animals.
- Cells present in the olfactory epithelium include olfactory nerve cells and their precursor cells) have a higher regenerative capacity than cells derived from other nerve tissues, and are therefore excellent as therapeutic agents for nerve damage.
- the therapeutic agent includes, for example, a cell mass of the present invention or a suspension containing cells or tissues contained in the cell mass, and a graft (carrier for transplant) containing these.
- the suspension include a liquid in which a cell mass is suspended in artificial tears or physiological saline.
- the suspension may contain non-neural epithelial cells isolated from the cell mass, or may contain factors promoting cell adhesion, such as extracellular matrix and hyaluronic acid.
- a method for treating a disease which comprises the step of transplanting the cells or tissues contained in the cell mass of the present invention into a therapeutically effective amount of a subject in need of transplantation.
- Transplantation of a therapeutically effective cell mass can restore nervous tissue and typically reduce the symptoms associated with the disease.
- Fluorescence intensity was quantified for discriminating between positive and negative fluorescent immunostained specimens.
- the fluorescence intensity in the region where no tissue is present is 219, and the numerical value of the region where the fluorescence intensity is visually determined to be positive is 4053.333, which is lower than the above.
- the value of the positive area was 2043.667. Therefore, as shown by a broken line in the lower graph of FIG. 2, a place showing a value that is 5 times or more higher than the average value of the fluorescence intensity in the region where it is confirmed that no tissue exists in the bright field is defined as positive. It was found that the positive or negative discrimination result of the antigen staining result can be quantitatively determined. In the following experiments, expression was determined to be positive or negative by the same method as the preliminary experiment.
- a specific maintenance culture operation first, subconfluent human ES cells are washed with PBS, and then subjected to an enzyme treatment using Accumax (manufactured by Innovative Cell Technologies), and then a StemFit medium is added. The cells were peeled off from the surface of the culture dish using a cell scraper, and dispersed into single cells by pipetting. Thereafter, the human ES cells dispersed into single cells were seeded on a plastic culture dish coated with Laminin 511-E8, and a StemFit medium was added in the presence of Y27632 (ROCK inhibitor, 10 ⁇ M, manufactured by Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). For feeder-free culture.
- Y27632 Y27632
- the number of seeded cells of human ES cells dispersed into single cells is 1.2 ⁇ 10 4 And One day after seeding, the whole medium was replaced with a StemFit medium containing no Y27632. Thereafter, once every 1 to 2 days, the entire medium was replaced with a StemFit medium containing no Y27632. The cells were cultured for 7 days after seeding until they became subconfluent (to the extent that 60% of the culture area was covered with cells).
- SB-431542 TGF- ⁇ signal transduction pathway inhibitor, manufactured by Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Inc., final concentration: 5 ⁇ M
- SAG a substance acting on the Shh signal pathway, manufactured by Enzo Life Sciences, final concentration: 300 nM
- the serum-free medium contained a 5: 1 mixture of F-12 + Glutamax medium (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific) and IMDM + Glutamax medium (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific) in a 5% by volume mixture of a 1% by volume of a mixture of 1: 1 of a ratio of a 1: 1 mixture of a thermo-chemical and a 1% by volume of a mixture of 1: 1 and 2: 1.
- Y27632 final concentration: 20 ⁇ M
- IWP-2 first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor, manufactured by Tocris Bioscience
- SB-431542 TGF signal transduction pathway inhibitor, Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., 1 ⁇ M final concentration
- a serum-free medium not containing Y27632 but containing IWP-2 and SB-431542 (abbreviated as SB431) was added at 100 ⁇ l per well. Then, on days 6, 10, 13, 17, 21, and 24 after the start of the suspension culture, half-volume medium exchange was performed using a serum-free medium containing I276-2 and SB-431542 without Y27632.
- the cell aggregate on the 28th day after the start of the suspension culture was collected in a culture tube using a 200 ⁇ l tip having a large tip diameter, washed twice with PBS, and then washed with 4% paraformaldehyde / phosphate buffer (Fuji Film (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) for 15 minutes at room temperature. After the fixed cell aggregates were washed three times with PBS, they were immersed in 20% sucrose / PBS at 4 ° C. overnight to perform cryoprotection treatment. The aggregate after the cryoprotection treatment was transferred to Cryomold ⁇ No.
- the secondary antibody was diluted with a buffer solution mixed with / TBS at a volume ratio of 1:19, and the diluted solution was added to 300 ⁇ l of frozen sections per slide glass and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour.
- the frozen section after the secondary antibody treatment was washed three times with 0.05% @ Tween-20 / TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature, then the frozen section was washed once with pure water, and then NEO cover glass ( Frozen sections were enclosed using Matsunami Glass Co., Ltd.) and 30 ⁇ l of Prolong Diamond (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific) per slide glass.
- Examples of the primary antibody include an anti-Dlx5 antibody that stains placode and cells of the central nervous system, an anti-Sox1 antibody that stains cells of the central nervous system, and a pancreatic antibody that stains non-neural tissues containing placode, as shown in Table 1.
- a cytokeratin (PanCK) antibody and an anti-Tuj1 antibody that stains nerve cells were used. Multiplex staining was performed using the Alexa488-labeled donkey anti-rabbit antibody, CF555-labeled donkey anti-goat antibody, CF555-labeled donkey anti-mouse antibody, and Alexa647-labeled donkey anti-mouse antibody shown in Table 2 as the fluorescent-labeled secondary antibody. For counterstaining, 1 ⁇ g / ml Hoechst 33342 (Sigma-Aldrich) was added to the secondary antibody diluent.
- the staining results are shown in FIG.
- the cell aggregates contained cells of the central nervous system expressing Sox1 and Dlx5 (B, C in FIG. 3).
- no pancytokeratin-positive tissue could be confirmed on the surface of the cell aggregate, and since the cell aggregate was Tuj1-positive, a cell aggregate consisting of only cells of the central nervous system, excluding non-neuronal epithelial tissue, was obtained. It was found that it was formed (D, F in FIG. 3).
- FIG. 3H shows a schematic diagram of the cell aggregate assumed from the staining results.
- step (2) Preparation of cell aggregate containing neural tissue and non-neural epithelial tissue
- step (2) Preparation of cell aggregate containing neural tissue and non-neural epithelial tissue
- a step (step (2)) of culturing in the presence of a substance acting on the BMP signaling pathway was added to Comparative Experiment 1, and a cell aggregate was prepared according to the procedure shown in the upper part of FIG.
- human ES cells KhES-1 strain
- step (a) were subjected to maintenance culture and step (a) in the same manner as in Comparative Experiment 1, and then Y27632 (final concentration 20 ⁇ M), IWP-2 (final concentration 2 ⁇ M) and SB Suspension culture was started in the presence of -431542 (final concentration: 1 ⁇ M) (day 0 after the start of suspension culture, step (1) started).
- step ( 2) On day 2 after the start of the suspension culture, 100 ⁇ l of a serum-free medium containing IWP-2, SB-431542 and BMP4 (a substance acting on a BMP signal transduction pathway, manufactured by R & D Systems Inc.) was added per well without Y27632 (step ( 2) Start). BMP4 was added at 3 nM to the medium to be added so that the final concentration in the well was 1.5 nM. Thereafter, on days 6, 10, 13, 17, 21, and 24 after the start of the suspension culture, half-volume medium exchange was performed using a serum-free medium not containing Y27632 and BMP4 but containing IWP-2 and SB-431542.
- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Fluorescent immunostaining was performed on the cell aggregate 28 days after the start of the suspension culture in the same manner as in Comparative Experiment 1.
- the primary antibody include an anti-Tuj1 antibody that stains nerve cells, an anti-Sox2 antibody that stains placode and the central nervous system, an anti-PanCK antibody that stains non-neural epithelial tissue containing placode, and an anti-tumor antibody described in Table 1.
- Alexa488-labeled donkey anti-rabbit antibody CF555-labeled donkey anti-mouse antibody, CF555-labeled donkey anti-goat antibody, Alexa647-labeled donkey anti-mouse antibody, and Alexa647-labeled donkey anti-goat antibody shown in Table 2 were used as the fluorescent-labeled secondary antibodies. Multiple staining was performed, and Hoechst 33342 was used for counterstaining of nuclei.
- the staining results are shown in FIGS.
- the inside of the cell aggregate produced on the 28th day after the start of the suspension culture produced by the above-described culture method is Tuj1, N-Cadherin, Pax6, Chx10-positive neural retina epithelial tissue (B, H, K, L in FIG. 4). ),
- the outer side was found to be EpCAM, Six1, pancytokeratin-positive cornea or non-neuroepithelial tissue of the ocular surface ectoderm (FIGS. 4, J, F, D).
- a part of the non-neuroepithelial tissue is thickened, and the thickened part is positive for C-Maf, Sox1, Prox1, and Crystallineli ⁇ A (O to U in FIG.
- Example 1 Preparation of Cell Mass Containing Olfactory Nerve Cell or Its Progenitor Cell from ES Cell
- a cell mass was prepared according to the procedure shown in the upper part of FIG. 6 by adding a step (3b) of culturing in the presence of a BMP signaling pathway inhibitor to Comparative Experiment 2.
- cell aggregates were observed on day 13 from the start of suspension culture.
- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Fluorescent immunostaining of the cell aggregate on the 13th day after the start of suspension culture was performed in the same manner as in Comparative Experiment 1.
- the primary antibody include anti-Dlx5 antibody, anti-Six1 antibody, anti-pan-cytokeratin (PanCK) antibody and anti-E-Cadherin antibody, placode and neuroepithelium described in Table 1 for staining placode and non-neuroepithelial tissue.
- Anti-N-cadherin antibody for staining tissue anti-sox1, anti-sox2, anti-sox3, anti-pax6 and anti-sp8 antibodies for staining placode and nervous system cells, anti-staining for ectoderm early in embryonic development
- An AP2 ⁇ antibody and an anti-Otx2 antibody for staining the anterior region of the embryo were used. Multiple staining was performed using the antibody described in Comparative Experiment 2 as a fluorescent-labeled secondary antibody, and Hoechst 33342 was used for counterstaining of nuclei. The determination of positive or negative staining results was performed in the same manner as in Preliminary Experiment 1.
- the staining results are shown in FIGS.
- the inside of the cell aggregate 13 days after the start of the suspension culture induced by the above differentiation induction method is a tissue composed of Sox1, Sox2, Sox3, Sp8, N-cadherin-positive central nervous system cells or precursor cells thereof. Yes, the outside was found to be Dlx5, Pax6, AP2 ⁇ , Six1, Sp8, Sox2, Sox3, pancytokeratin, E-Cadherin, N-Cadherin positive non-neural epithelial tissue or placode (B to B in FIG. 6). L, M to R in FIG. 7).
- Experiment 2 Preparation of Cell Mass Containing Olfactory Nerve Cell or Its Progenitor Cell from ES Cell
- the same experimental operation as in Experiment 1 was performed, and as shown in the upper part of FIG. 8, the culture period was extended from Experiment 1, and a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or their precursor cells was produced.
- Steps (a) (1) and (2) in the same manner as in Experiment 1, YWP32, SB-431542, and K02288 were not contained on day 3 after the start of suspension culture without Y27632 and BMP4.
- a half-volume medium was exchanged using the serum-free medium containing the medium (start of step (3b)). Thereafter, on days 6, 10, 13, 17, 21, and 24 after the start of the suspension culture, half-volume medium exchange was performed using a serum-free medium containing I276-2, SB-431542, and K02288 without Y27632 and BMP. .
- the primary antibody examples include an anti-Dlx5 antibody, an anti-Six1 antibody, an anti-pan cytokeratin (PanCK) antibody, an anti-E-Cadherin antibody and an anti-Otx2 antibody described in Table 1 for staining the olfactory epithelium placode, Anti-Pax6 antibody and Pbx1 / 2/3/4, anti-N-Cadherin antibody, anti-Sox2 antibody, anti-Sp8 antibody and anti-Emx2 antibody for staining olfactory epithelium placode and cells of the central nervous system, olfactory nerve cells and An anti-Ebf1 antibody that stains the precursor cells, an anti-NCAM antibody, an anti-Calretinin antibody and an anti-NeuroD antibody, an anti-Bf1 antibody that stains cells of the
- the staining results are shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.
- the outside is E-Cadherin, N-Cadherin, pancytokeratin, Sox2, Six1, Dlx5, Sp8, Pax6, Otx2-positive, placode-like (olfactory epithelium-like tissue) non-neural epithelial tissue
- the inner part is a nervous system part containing the E-cadherin, pan-cytokeratin-negative and N-cadherin, Sox2, Sp8, Bf1, Emx2, Tuj1-positive central nervous system (cerebrum) or a neural tissue part containing its precursor cells. A certain cell mass was formed.
- olfactory epithelium-like tissue Some cells in the outer placode-like epithelial tissue (olfactory epithelium-like tissue) were Lhx2, Ebf2, Tuj1, NCAM, Calretinin-positive olfactory nerve cells or immature precursor cells thereof. A Pax6-positive margin of the olfactory epithelium was formed outside the cell mass. In addition, NeuroD-positive cells were found on the basal plane of the olfactory epithelium-like tissue (FIGS. 8B-M, 9N-AI). As described above, pluripotent stem cells were cultured in suspension in the presence of the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor, and the obtained cell aggregates were cultured in the presence of a BMP signaling pathway agent, and then BMP signaling was further performed.
- pluripotent stem cells were cultured in suspension in the presence of the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor, and the obtained cell aggregates were cultured in the presence of a BMP signaling pathway agent, and
- the nervous system contains 1) a non-neural epithelial tissue portion containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof, and 2) a nerve tissue portion containing nervous system cells or precursor cells thereof. It has been found that the cells or their progenitors include nervous system cells or their progenitors constituting the central nervous system and can produce a cell mass in which at least a part of the surface of the nervous tissue is covered with the non-neuroepithelial tissue.
- the non-neural epithelial tissue portion included an olfactory epithelium-like tissue in which olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof were present, and the olfactory epithelium-like tissue included an inner portion of the olfactory epithelium and a peripheral portion of the olfactory epithelium.
- FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of the cell mass formed by the above-described production method.
- step (1) and step (2) using the human iPS cells maintained and cultured
- step (3) and step (2) using the human iPS cells maintained and cultured
- step (3) and step (2) were not contained.
- Half-volume medium exchange was performed using a serum-free medium containing IWP-2, SB-431542, FGF2 and Heparin @ Sodium (starting of step (3a)).
- FGF2 a substance acting on the FGF signal pathway, manufactured by Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- Heparin @ Sodium manufactured by Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- the concentration was adjusted to 20 ng / ml and 10 ⁇ g / ml. Thereafter, on days 6, 10, 13, and 17 after the start of the suspension culture, half-volume medium exchange was performed using a serum-free medium containing IWP-2, SB-431542, FGF2, and Heparin @ Sodium without containing Y27632 and BMP4.
- the staining results are shown in FIGS.
- the outside was E-Cadherin, N-Cadherin, pancytokeratin, EpCAM, Sox2, Six1, and Sp8-positive placode-like (olfactory epithelium-like tissue) non-neuroepithelial tissue
- the inside was A cell mass was formed as a neuroepithelial tissue of the neural retina of E-Cadherin, pan-cytokeratin, EpCAM-negative and N-Cadherin, NCAM, Tuj1, Chx10-positive. It was found that the tissue in the anterior region of the embryo was formed from the positiveness of Otx2.
- the pluripotent stem cells were cultured in suspension in the presence of the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor, and the obtained cell aggregate was cultured in the presence of the BMP signaling pathway acting substance.
- the nervous system contains 1) a non-neural epithelial tissue portion containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof, and 2) a nerve tissue portion containing nervous system cells or precursor cells thereof.
- the cells or precursor cells thereof include nervous system cells constituting the central nervous system or precursor cells thereof, and a cell mass in which at least a part of the surface of a nerve tissue portion is covered with the non-neural epithelial tissue portion can be produced. Do you get it. In addition, it was found that the nervous tissue part inside the cell mass forms an epithelial structure, and the nervous system cells or their precursor cells include cells constituting the retina.
- a schematic diagram of the cell mass formed by the above production method is shown in AA of FIG.
- Experiment 4 Preparation of Cell Mass Containing Olfactory Nerve Cells or Its Progenitor Cells from Human iPS Cells
- the step (3) after the step (3a) of culturing in the presence of the FGF signaling pathway acting substance, the FGF signaling pathway acting substance and the BMP signaling pathway
- the step (3c) of culturing in the presence of the inhibitor was performed to prepare a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or precursor cells thereof.
- the culture period was 28 days. Operations similar to those in Experiment 3 were performed except for the operations particularly indicated.
- step (1) and step (2) using the human iPS cells maintained and cultured
- step (3) and step (2) using the human iPS cells maintained and cultured
- step (3) and step (2) were not contained.
- Half-volume medium exchange was performed using a serum-free medium containing IWP-2, SB-431542, FGF2 and Heparin @ Sodium (starting of step (3a)).
- FGF2 and Heparin @ Sodium were added to the medium to be added at 40 ng / ml and 20 ⁇ g / ml, respectively, so that the final concentrations in the wells were 20 ng / ml and 10 ⁇ g / ml.
- half-volume medium exchange was performed using a serum-free medium not containing Y27632 and BMP4 but containing IWP-2, SB-431542, FGF2, and Heparin @ Sodium. Further, on the 13th day after the start of the suspension culture, the culture was started in a medium containing 1 ⁇ M final concentration of K02288 in addition to the above substances (step (3c) start), and on days 17, 21, and 24, IWP-2, SB-431542, A half volume medium exchange was performed with a medium containing FGF2, Heparin @ Sodium and K02288.
- the staining results are shown in FIGS.
- the outside is E-Cadherin, N-Cadherin, pancytokeratin, EpCAM, Sox2, Six1, and Sp8-positive placode-like (olfactory epithelium-like tissue) non-neural epithelial tissue
- the inside is A cell mass was formed as a neuroepithelial tissue of the neural retina of E-Cadherin, pan-cytokeratin, EpCAM-negative and N-Cadherin, NCAM, Tuj1, Chx10-positive.
- some cells in the outer placode-like epithelial tissue were NeuroD1, Ebf2, Tuj1, NCAM-positive olfactory nerve cells or immature precursor cells thereof (FIGS. 13B to 13M). 14N-U).
- the pluripotent stem cells were cultured in suspension in the presence of the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor, and the obtained cell aggregate was cultured for a certain period of time in the presence of the BMP signaling pathway active substance.
- a transduction pathway agent By culturing in the presence of a transduction pathway agent, and further culturing in the presence of an FGF signal transduction pathway agent and a BMP signal transduction pathway inhibitor, the same cell mass as in Experiment 3 could be produced.
- the nervous system cells or their precursor cells inside the cell mass formed the neuroepithelial tissue of the neural retina. Furthermore, as compared with Experiment 3, the culture was performed in the presence of both the FGF signaling pathway active substance and the BMP signaling pathway inhibitor from day 13 of the suspension culture, whereby the presence of only the FGF signaling pathway active substance was achieved. It was found that the non-neuroepithelial tissue portion containing the olfactory nerve cells or the precursor cells thereof was formed more stably than when cultured in. A schematic diagram of the cell mass formed by the above production method is shown in FIG.
- Experiment 5 Production of Cell Mass Containing Olfactory Nerve Cells or Its Progenitor Cells from Human iPS Cells
- a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or their precursor cells from human iPS cells was added to the conditions of Experiment 4 by further adding an EGF signaling pathway active substance in step (3c).
- step (3c) was prepared. Operations similar to those in Experiment 3 were performed except for the operations particularly indicated.
- Step (a) after performing the step (a) using the maintenance-cultured human iPS cells, the cells are seeded on a non-cell-adherent 96-well culture plate (PrimeSurface @ 96V bottom plate), and then subjected to the step (1). ), Step (2) and step (3a), on the 13th day after the start of the suspension culture, K02288 was added to the above substance at a final concentration of 1 ⁇ M, and human recombinant EGF (EGF signaling pathway activator, PrimeGene) was added.
- EGF EGF signaling pathway activator, PrimeGene
- a final concentration of 20 ng / ml was added (start of step (3c)), and on days 17, 21, and 24, half-volume medium exchange was performed with a medium containing IWP-2, SB-431542, FGF2, Heparin @ Sodium, K02288, and EGF. .
- the staining results are shown in FIGS.
- the outside is E-Cadherin, N-Cadherin, pancytokeratin, EpCAM, Sox2, Six1, and Sp8-positive placode-like (olfactory epithelium-like tissue) non-neural epithelial tissue
- the inside is A cell mass was formed as a neuroepithelial tissue of the neural retina of E-Cadherin, pan-cytokeratin, EpCAM-negative and N-Cadherin, NCAM, Tuj1, Chx10-positive.
- Some cells in the outer placode-like epithelial tissue were NeuroD1, Ebf2, Tuj1, NCAM-positive olfactory nerve cells or their immature precursor cells (FIGS. 15B-M). 16N-U).
- the pluripotent stem cells were cultured in suspension in the presence of the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor, and the obtained cell aggregate was cultured in the presence of the BMP signaling pathway acting substance.
- the same cell mass as in Experiment 3 was obtained.
- the nervous system cells or the progenitor cells inside the cell mass formed the neuroepithelial tissue of the neural retina.
- the culture in the presence of an EGF signal transduction pathway active substance in addition to an FGF signal transduction pathway active substance and a BMP signal transduction pathway inhibitor from the 13th day of the suspension culture was started, whereby FGF signal transduction was performed. It was found that a non-neural epithelial tissue portion containing olfactory nerve cells or their precursor cells was formed more stably than when cultured in the presence of only a pathway agent.
- step (3c) is performed from the beginning as step (3), EGF is added in the middle of step (3c), and then as a second Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor.
- Culture was performed in the presence of XAV939 to produce a cell mass containing olfactory nerve cells or their precursor cells. Operations similar to those in Experiment 3 were performed except for the operations particularly indicated.
- step (1) and the step (2) using the human iPS cells maintained and cultured, three days after the start of the suspension culture, Y27632 and BMP4 were not contained, A half-volume medium exchange was performed using a serum-free medium containing IWP-2, SB-431542, FGF2, Heparin @ Sodium and K02288 (start of step (3c)). FGF2 and Heparin @ Sodium and K02288 were used to give final concentrations in the wells of 20 ng / ml, 10 ⁇ g / ml and 1 ⁇ M.
- Non-neuroepithelial tissue part a cell mass in which the inner part of the neuroepithelial tissue of E-Cadherin, pan-cytokeratin, EpCAM negative and N-Cadherin, NCAM, Tuj1, Chx10 positive neural retina is formed was done.
- the olfactory epithelium-like tissue on the outside of the cell mass had a PKC ⁇ -positive apical surface on the outside, and a Laminin-positive basal surface on the inside, and had apical-basal surface polarity.
- Some cells in the outer placode-like epithelial tissue were Lhx2, NeuroD1, Ebf2, Tuj1, Calretinin and NCAM-positive olfactory nerve cells or immature precursor cells thereof. (FIGS. 17B-M, 18N-AE, 19AF-AJ).
- pluripotent stem cells were cultured in suspension in the presence of the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor, and the obtained cell aggregates were cultured in the presence of a BMP signaling pathway agent, and then FGF By culturing in the presence of a signal transduction pathway agent and a BMP signal transduction pathway inhibitor, and adding an EGF signal transduction pathway agent and a second Wnt signaling pathway material, the same cell mass as in Experiment 3 was obtained. It turns out that it can be manufactured. In addition, it was found that the nervous system cells or the progenitor cells inside the cell mass formed the neuroepithelial tissue of the neural retina.
- Experiment 7 Examination of addition concentration of BMP signaling pathway acting substance in production of cell mass
- the production efficiency of the cell mass was examined based on the concentration of the substance acting on the BMP signaling pathway in step (2).
- the same experimental operation as in Experiment 2 (see the upper part of FIG. 8) was performed, and in step (2), the concentrations of BMP4 in the medium were 0.025 nM, 0.1 nM, 0.25 nM, 0.5 nM, 1.5 nM, The conditions were 5 nM and no addition control.
- the concentration of BMP4 to be added in the step (2) is preferably 0.5 nM or more in the efficient production of the cell mass including the non-neural epithelial tissue portion including the olfactory nerve cells or the precursor cells thereof.
- Experiment 8 Examination of pretreatment before starting differentiation induction in production of cell mass
- the production efficiency of the cell mass was examined using human iPS cells depending on the presence or absence of the pretreatment step (a).
- the experiment was performed in accordance with the procedure shown in the upper part of FIG.
- Step (1) Twenty-four hours after the start of step (a), suspension culture was started in the same manner as in Experiment 1 in the presence of Y27632 (final concentration: 20 ⁇ M), SB-431542 (final concentration: 1 ⁇ M) and IWP-2 (final concentration: 2 ⁇ M).
- Step (1) On the second day after the start of the suspension culture, half of the medium was replaced with a medium not containing Y27632 but containing IWP-2, SB-431542 and BMP4 (1.5 nM final concentration) (Step (1)). 2) Start).
- half-volume medium exchange was performed using a serum-free medium not containing Y27632 and BMP4 but containing IWP-2, SB-431542, FGF2, Heparin @ Sodium and K02288.
- IWP-2 (manufactured by Tocris Bioscience, final concentration 2 ⁇ M), IWP-3 (manufactured by Cayman Chemicals, final concentration 2 ⁇ M), IWP-4 (manufactured by Cayman Chemicals, final concentration 2 ⁇ M) ), Wnt @ C-59 (manufactured by Cayman Chemicals, final concentration 20 nM), and KY02111 (manufactured by Cayman Chemicals, final concentration 1 ⁇ M) were used.
- DMSO was added as a control without addition of the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor.
- K02288, FGF2, Heparin @ Sodium, and EGF were adjusted to have final concentrations of 10 ⁇ M, 20 ng / ml, 10 ⁇ g / ml and 20 ng / ml in the wells.
- Y27632 and BMP4 were not included, and the first Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor and SB-431542, K02288, FGF2, Heparin @ Sodium and EGF were not included.
- a half volume medium exchange was performed using a serum medium.
- Experiment 10 Production of cell mass using three-dimensional incubator
- human iPS cells were cultured in a culture container different from that of Experiment 5, and on day 4 after the start of suspension culture, BMP signaling pathway inhibitor was washed to produce a cell mass. The experiment was performed in accordance with the procedure shown in the upper part of FIG.
- the human iPS cells dispersed in a single cell are transferred to a non-cell-adherent 96-well three-dimensional incubator (Prime Surface 96).
- a non-cell-adherent 96-well three-dimensional incubator (Prime Surface 96).
- MS-9096S manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd.
- the cells were suspended in 100 ⁇ l of a serum-free medium at 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells per well, followed by suspension culture at 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2 . .
- step (2) start On the second day after the start of the suspension culture, 19.2 ml of a serum-free medium containing IWP-2, SB-431542 and BMP4 without Y27632 was added per plate (step (2) start). BMP4 was added at 2.25 nM to the medium to be added so that the final concentration in the medium was 1.5 nM.
- Y27632 and BMP4 were not contained, but IWP-2, SB-431542, K02288 (final concentration 10 ⁇ M), FGF2 (final concentration 20 ng / ml), EGF (final concentration 20 ng / ml) and Heparin @ Sodium Using a serum-free medium containing (final concentration of 10 ⁇ g / ml), half-volume medium exchange was performed (step (3c) start). K02288, FGF2, EGF and Heparin @ Sodium were added at twice the concentration to the medium to be added, so that the final concentration in the wells was as described.
- the medium in the plate was removed by aspiration with a pipette, and a washing operation was performed three times with 15 ml of a 1: 1 mixture of IMDM and F-12. Further, Y27632, BMP4, and K02288 were washed. Was added, 30 ml of a medium containing IWP-2, SB-431542, FGF2, EGF and Heparin @ Sodium was added, and K02288 in the plate was removed as much as possible (step (3d) start).
- half-volume medium exchange was performed using a serum-free medium not containing Y27632, BMP4 and K02288, but containing IWP-2, SB-431542, FGF2, EGF, and Heparin @ Sodium.
- the human iPS cells dispersed in a single cell are transferred to a non-cell-adherent 96-well three-dimensional incubator (PrimeSurface 96 slit well plate, MS -9096S, manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd.) and suspended in 100 ⁇ l of serum-free medium at 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells per well, followed by suspension culture at 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2 .
- a non-cell-adherent 96-well three-dimensional incubator PriormeSurface 96 slit well plate, MS -9096S, manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd.
- step ( 2) Start 100 ⁇ l of a serum-free medium containing I276-2, SB-431542, and BMP4 without Y27632 was added per well (step ( 2) Start). BMP4 was added at 3 nM to the medium to be added so that the final concentration in the well was 1.5 nM.
- a half-volume medium exchange was performed using a serum-free medium containing SB-431542, K02288, FGF2, Heparin @ Sodium, and EGF without Y27632 and BMP4 (step (3c)).
- K02288, FGF2, Heparin @ Sodium and EGF were added to the added medium at 20 ⁇ M, 40 ng / ml, 20 ⁇ g / ml and 40 ng / ml, respectively, and the final concentrations in the wells were 10 ⁇ M, 20 ng / ml, 10 ⁇ g / ml and 20 ng / ml. I made it.
- the step (2) is started by adding a substance acting on the BMP signaling pathway within 96 hours after the start of suspension culture. It was found that it is more preferable to add a substance acting on the BMP signaling pathway within 24 hours to 72 hours after the start of the free culture.
- the human iPS cells dispersed in a single cell are transferred to a non-cell-adherent 96-well three-dimensional incubator (PrimeSurface 96 slit well plate, MS -9096S, manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd.) and suspended in 100 ⁇ l of serum-free medium at 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells per well, followed by suspension culture at 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2 .
- a non-cell-adherent 96-well three-dimensional incubator PriormeSurface 96 slit well plate, MS -9096S, manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd.
- Experiment 13 Analysis of genes expressed in living olfactory epithelium
- a coronal section of the head including the olfactory epithelium was prepared from embryonic day 14.5 rat embryos, immunostained, and compared with the olfactory epithelium produced by the production method described in the present application.
- Embryos in the uterus were collected from 14.5 day pregnant rats, washed with PBS, and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde / phosphate buffer (Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) for 1 hour at room temperature.
- a frozen section having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m was prepared using a Leica CM1950 cryostat (manufactured by Leica) and attached to a platinum pro-coated slide glass (manufactured by Matsunami Glass Industry Co., Ltd.).
- the secondary antibody was diluted with a buffer mixed with / TBS at a ratio of 1:19, and the diluted solution was added to frozen sections of 300 ⁇ l per slide glass, and reacted at room temperature for 1 hour.
- the frozen section after the secondary antibody treatment was washed three times with 0.05% @ Tween-20 / TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature, then the frozen section was washed once with pure water, and then NEO cover glass ( Frozen sections were enclosed using Matsunami Glass Co., Ltd.) and 30 ⁇ l of Prolong Diamond (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific) per slide glass.
- the staining results are shown in FIG.
- the olfactory epithelium of the living body was found to be cytokeratin, EpCAM, ⁇ -Catenin and E-Cadherin positive non-neuronal epithelium, and at the same time Ebf1, Ebf2 and Tuj1 positive olfactory nerve cells were present. Furthermore, placode marker genes in the anterior region of the embryo, such as Otx2, Dlx5, and Sox2, were expressed.
- the surface of the olfactory epithelium was a PKC ⁇ -positive apical surface, the inside was a Laminin-positive basal surface, and it was found that the apical-basal axis had polarity.
- the tissue in the cell mass containing the olfactory nerve cells or progenitor cells produced by the method described in the present application succeeded in reproducing a structure very similar to the olfactory epithelium of a living body. I knew it was.
- IWP-2 which is a Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor and CHIR99021 which is a Wnt signaling pathway activator are used in combination
- ⁇ -catenin-dependent Wnt-Canonical @ Pathway is activated and ⁇ -catenin-independent Wnt-non -Canonical @ Pathway is inhibited.
- the concentration and the time of addition of K02288 were adjusted for the human iPS cell line HC-6 # 10, and 2 ⁇ M was added to the medium to be added on day 6 after the start of suspension culture, so that the final concentration in the well was 1 ⁇ M. did.
- the medium containing IWP-2, SB-431542, FGF2, CHIR99021 and K02288 was replaced with a medium in which EGF was added twice so that the final concentration became 20 ng / ml. Was.
- the medium was replaced with a medium containing IWP-2, SB-431542, FGF, CHIR99021, K02288, and EGF, and the cells were cultured until the 21st day after the start of the suspension culture.
- the obtained cell mass was observed in a bright field using an inverted microscope.
- Y27632 final concentration 20 ⁇ M
- IWP-2 final concentration 2 ⁇ M
- SB-431542 final concentration 1 ⁇ M
- CHIR99021 final concentration 300 nM
- a serum-free medium containing IWP-2, SB-431542, FGF2, Heparin @ Sodium, CHIR99021, K02288 and 5z-7-oxoseanol was used without Y27632 and BMP4.
- the medium was exchanged for a half amount (step (3c) start).
- EGF was added to the medium containing IWP-2, SB-431542, FGF2, Heparin @ Sodium, CHIR99021, K02288, and 5z-7-oxozeaenolol in a double amount so that the final concentration was 20 ng / ml.
- the medium was replaced with a half volume medium.
- half-volume medium exchange was performed with a medium containing IWP-2, SB-431542, FGF2, Heparin @ Sodium, CHIR99021, K02288, 5z-7-oxoseaenol and EGF, and until the 21st day after the start of the suspension culture. Cultured. On the 21st day after the start of the suspension culture, the obtained cell mass was observed in a bright field using an inverted microscope.
- the cell mass 21 days after the start of the suspension culture induced by the above differentiation induction method from the human iPS cell line HC-6 # 10 is more efficient than the cell mass produced without adding the TAK1 inhibitor.
- An olfactory epithelium-like tissue was formed on the surface of (A, B in FIG. 29). From these results, in step (3), in addition to the TGF- ⁇ receptor inhibitor and the BMP receptor inhibitor, the TGF- ⁇ receptor and TAK1, which is an intracellular signaling factor downstream of the BMP receptor, are inhibited. As a result, it was found that induction of differentiation into placode and olfactory epithelium-like tissue occurred more efficiently.
- Example 16 Production of cell mass in viscous medium and maturation culture of cell mass in the same medium
- the cell mass was mature-cultured in a viscous medium.
- a viscous medium was prepared. Specifically, 3 g of methylcellulose (manufactured by Sigma Aldrich, viscosity: 4000 cP, M0512) was weighed and sterilized by an autoclave in a 500 ml wide-mouthed medium bottle containing a stirrer, and then 100 ml of a medium was added.
- the viscous medium prepared by the above method was applied to a gas-permeable film bottom 6 cm dish (lumox dish, 94.6077.333, Sarstedt) using a positive displacement type pipette (Microman M1000, Gilson). 8 ml was added and equilibrated in a CO 2 incubator. Thereafter, the cell mass on day 21 of culture prepared by the method described in Experiment 15 was collected from the 96-well plate into a 15 ml tube, washed once with 5% KSR gfCDM medium, and then suspended with 5% KSR gfCDM medium. Transferred to a 6 cm dish for culture.
- cell clumps in the dish were collected using a wide-mouth pipette tip, and discharged one by one into a dish containing a viscous medium together with 8 ⁇ l of the medium.
- the number of cell clumps per 6 cm dish was 24.
- the dish to which the cell mass had been transferred was returned to the CO 2 incubator and cultured (starting the step (3e)).
- 500 ⁇ l of 5% KSR gfCDM containing 400 ng / ml FGF-TS and 400 ng / ml EGF was dripped so as to be uniform.
- bright field observation was performed using an inverted microscope.
- step (3) Examination of effect of basement membrane preparation in production of cell mass
- Human iPS cells (HC-6 # 10 strain, obtained from RIKEN) were subjected to maintenance culture and step (a) in the same manner as in Experiment 1.
- Suspension culture was started in a 96-well culture plate in the same manner as in Experiment 1, except that the number of cells per well was 9 ⁇ 10 3 cells.
- Y27632 final concentration 20 ⁇ M
- IWP-2 final concentration 2 ⁇ M
- SB-431542 final concentration 1 ⁇ M
- CHIR99021 final concentration 300 nM
- a serum-free medium containing IWP-2, SB-431542, FGF2, CHIR99021, Heparin @ Sodium, K02288 and 5z-7-oxoseanol was used without Y27632 and BMP4.
- the medium was exchanged for a half amount (step (3c) start).
- EGF was added to the medium containing IWP-2, SB-431542, FGF2, CHIR99021, Heparin @ Sodium, K02288, 5z-7-oxoseaenol in a double amount so that the final concentration became 20 ng / ml.
- the medium was replaced with a half volume medium.
- a half-volume medium exchange was performed with a medium containing IWP-2, SB-431542, FGF2, CHIR99021, Heparin @ Sodium, K02288, 5z-7-oxoseaenol and EGF, and until the 21st day after the start of the suspension culture. Cultured.
- the cell mass 21 days after the start of the suspension culture induced by the above differentiation induction method from the human iPS cell line HC-6 # 10 the cell mass was compared with the control without Matrigel on the 6th day after the start of the suspension culture. While the mass grew large, the proportion of the olfactory epithelium-like epithelium on the surface was reduced (A and B in FIG. 31). Under the conditions in which Matrigel was added on the 10th or 13th day of the suspension culture, the olfactory epithelium-like epithelium on the surface was greatly thickened and proliferated (C and D in FIG. 31).
- the concentration of the basement membrane preparation is preferably 0.5% or more and 4% or less when Matrigel is used, and is 0.5% or more and 1.5% or less from the viewpoint of experimental operation. When was the most favorable.
- the collected cell mass was discharged one by one into a Matrigel in a dish using a wide bore chip, and then placed at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes to gel the Matrigel.
- 20 ng / ml FGF-TS, 20 ng / ml EGF, 10 ⁇ g / ml Heparin Sodium, 2 ⁇ M IWP-2, 1 ⁇ M SB431542, 1 ⁇ M K02288, 300 nM CHIR99021, 2 ⁇ M 5z-ol were added to 5% KSR gfCDM.
- 5 ml of the added medium was added and cultured (step (3e) start).
- Bright field observation was performed using an inverted microscope on the 11th day after the start of the Matrigel embedding culture and 21 days after the start of the differentiation induction.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
多能性幹細胞を、第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養し、細胞凝集体を形成させる工程(1)、
前記工程(1)で得られた細胞凝集体を、BMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(2)、
前記工程(2)で得られた細胞凝集体を浮遊培養して、前記細胞塊を得る工程(3)であって、
FGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(3a)、
BMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(3b)、及び
FGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質及びBMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(3c)
からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの工程を含む、工程(3)。
[2]前記工程(3)は前記工程(3a)を含み、前記工程(3a)の後に、前記工程(3c)をさらに含む、[1]に記載の製造方法。
[3]前記工程(1)において、前記多能性幹細胞は単一細胞に分散されている、[1]又は[2]に記載の製造方法。
[4]前記工程(3)は、前記工程(3b)又は前記工程(3c)を含み、前記工程(3b)又は前記工程(3c)の後に、BMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の非存在下で浮遊培養する工程(3d)をさらに含む、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[5]前記工程(3)において、EGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質がさらに存在する、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[6]前記工程(1)の前に、前記多能性幹細胞をフィーダー細胞非存在下で、1)TGFβファミリーシグナル伝達経路阻害物質及びソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路作用物質からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つと、2)未分化維持因子と、を含む培地で培養する工程(a)をさらに含む、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[7]前記工程(2)の開始時期は、前記工程(1)における多能性幹細胞の浮遊培養開始から0.5時間以降72時間以内である、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[8]前記工程(2)の開始時期は、前記工程(1)において形成された前記細胞凝集体の表層における1割以上の細胞が互いに密着結合を形成している時期である、[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[9]前記BMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質は、BMP2、BMP4、BMP7、BMP13及びGDF7からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つのタンパク質を含む、[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[10]前記BMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質はBMP4を含み、前記BMP4の濃度が25pM~5nMである培地中で前記工程(2)の培養を開始する、[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[11]前記工程(3)は、前記工程(3a)及び前記工程(3c)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの工程を含み、前記FGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質は、FGF2及びFGF8、並びに、これらの改変体からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを含む、[1]~[10]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[12]前記工程(3)の開始時期は、前記工程(2)のBMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質添加から12時間以降72時間以内である、[1]~[11]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[13]前記工程(2)及び前記工程(3)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの工程において、前記第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質が存在する、[1]~[12]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[14]前記第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質は、非古典的Wnt経路に対する阻害活性を有する物質を含む、[1]~[13]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[15]前記第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質は、PORCN阻害剤を含む、[1]~[14]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[16]前記PORCN阻害剤は、IWP-2、IWP-3、IWP-4、IWP-L6、IWP-12、LGK-974、Wnt-C59、ETC-159及びGNF-6231からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを含む、[15]に記載の製造方法。
[17]前記PORCN阻害剤はIWP-2を含み、前記IWP-2の濃度が10nM~50μMである培地中で前記工程(1)の培養を開始する、[15]又は[16]に記載の製造方法。
[18]前記第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質は、KY02111及びKY03-Iからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを含む、[1]~[17]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[19]前記第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質はKY02111を含み、前記KY02111の濃度が10nM~50μMである培地中で前記工程(1)の培養を開始する、[1]~[18]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[20]前記工程(3)は、前記工程(3b)及び前記工程(3c)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの工程を含み、前記BMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質は、I型BMP受容体阻害剤を含む、[1]~[19]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[21]前記I型BMP受容体阻害剤は、K02288、Dorsomorphin、LDN-193189、LDN-212854、LDN-214117、ML347、DMH1及びDMH2からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを含む、[20]に記載の製造方法。
[22]前記I型BMP受容体阻害剤はK02288を含み、前記K02288の濃度が10nM~50μMである培地中で前記工程(3)を開始する、[20]又は[21]に記載の製造方法。
[23]前記工程(1)、前記工程(2)及び前記工程(3)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの工程において、TGFβシグナル伝達経路阻害物質がさらに存在する、[1]~[22]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[24]前記TGFβシグナル伝達経路阻害物質は、Alk5/TGFβR1阻害剤を含む、[23]に記載の製造方法。
[25]前記Alk5/TGFβR1阻害剤は、SB431542、SB505124、SB525334、LY2157299、GW788388、LY364947、SD-208、EW-7197、A83-01、RepSoxからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを含む、[24]に記載の製造方法。
[26]前記Alk5/TGFβR1阻害剤はSB431542を含み、培地中の前記SB431542の濃度が10nM~100μMである、[24]又は[25]に記載の製造方法。
[27]前記ソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路作用物質がSAG、Purmorphamine及びGSA-10からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つを含む、[6]に記載の製造方法。
[28]前記ソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路作用物質は、10nMから700nMのSAGに相当するソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達促進活性を有する濃度である、[6]又は[27]に記載の製造方法。
[29]前記工程(1)、前記工程(2)及び前記工程(3)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの工程において、Wntシグナル伝達経路作用物質がさらに存在する、[1]~[28]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[30]前記Wntシグナル伝達経路作用物質は、前記第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の作用点よりも下流のシグナル伝達因子に作用する、[29]に記載の製造方法。
[31]前記Wntシグナル伝達経路作用物質は、Wnt-Canonical経路を活性化させる物質を含む、[29]又は[30]に記載の製造方法。
[32]前記Wnt-Canonical経路を活性化させる物質は、βカテニンの分解を阻害又はβカテニンの安定化を促進する、[31]に記載の製造方法。
[33]前記Wntシグナル伝達経路作用物質はGSK3阻害剤を含む、[29]~[32]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[34]前記第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質はPORCN阻害剤を含み、前記Wntシグナル伝達経路作用物質はGSK3阻害剤を含む、[29]~[33]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[35]前記GSK3阻害剤は、CHIR99021、CHIR98014、TWS119、SB216763、SB415286、BIO、AZD2858、AZD1080、AR-A014418、TDZD-8、LY2090314、IM-12、Indirubin、Bikinin、A 1070722、3F8、Kenpaullone、10Z-Hymenialdisine、Indirubin-3’-oxime、NSC 693868、TC-G 24、TCS 2002、TCS 21311、CP21R7及びこれらの化合物の誘導体からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを含む、[33]又は[34]に記載の製造方法。
[36]前記GSK3阻害剤はCHIR99021を含み、培地中の前記CHIR99021の濃度が10nM~50μMである、[33]~[35]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[37]前記Wntシグナル伝達経路作用物質は、BML-284、SKL2001からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを含む、[29]~[36]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[38]前記工程(3)において、TAK1阻害物質がさらに存在する、[1]~[37]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[39]前記TAK1阻害物質は、(5Z)-7-Oxozeaenol、N-Des(aminocarbonyl)AZ-TAK1 inhibitor、Takinib、NG25及びこれら化合物の誘導体からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを含む、[38]に記載の製造方法。
[40]前記TAK1阻害物質は、(5Z)-7-Oxozeaenolを含み、培地中の前記(5Z)-7-Oxozeaenolの濃度が10nM~50μMである、[38]又は[39]に記載の製造方法。
[41]前記工程(3)は、前記工程(3a)、前記工程(3b)又は前記工程(3c)の後に、さらに培養を行う工程(3e)を含む、[1]~[40]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[42]前記工程(3e)において、BMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質、TGFβシグナル伝達経路阻害物質、Wntシグナル伝達経路作用物質、FGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質及びEGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つが存在する、[41]に記載の製造方法。
[43]前記工程(3e)において、レチノイン酸伝達経路作用物質がさらに存在する、[41]又は[42]に記載の製造方法。
[44]前記レチノイン酸伝達経路作用物質は、オールトランスレチノイン酸、イソトレチノイン、9-cisレチノイン酸、TTNPB、Ch55、EC19、EC23、Fenretinide、Acitretin、Trifarotene、Adapaleneからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを含む、[43]に記載の製造方法。
[45]前記レチノイン酸伝達経路作用物質は、EC23を含み、培地中の前記EC23の濃度が10pM~10μMである、[43]又は[44]に記載の製造方法。
[46]前記工程(3e)において、血清がさらに存在する、[41]~[45]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[47]培地中の前記血清の濃度が1%~20%である、[46]に記載の製造方法。
[48]前記工程(3e)において、インスリン様成長因子受容体作用物質がさらに存在する、[41]~[47]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[49]前記工程(3e)において、神経栄養因子受容体作用物質がさらに存在する、[41]~[48]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[50]前記工程(3e)を、増粘剤を含む培地中で行う、[41]~[49]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[51]前記増粘剤を含む培地は、100mPa・s以上の粘度を有する、[50]に記載の製造方法。
[52]前記増粘剤は、メチルセルロース、ペクチン、グアーガム、キサンタンガム、タマリンドガム、カラギーナン、ローカストビーンガム、ジェランガム、デキストリン、ダイユータンガム、デンプン、タラガム、アルギン酸、カードラン、カゼインナトリウム、カロブビーンガム、キチン、キトサン、グルコサミン、プルラン、アガロース、食物繊維及びこれらの化学修飾された物質又は誘導体からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを含む、[50]又は[51]に記載の製造方法。
[53]前記増粘剤はメチルセルロースを含み、培地中の前記メチルセルロースの濃度が1%以上である、[50]~[52]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[54]前記工程(3e)において、接着培養を行う、[41]~[53]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[55]細胞外基質、基底膜標品及び合成細胞接着分子からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つでコートされた培養器材上で前記接着培養を行う、[54]に記載の製造方法。
[56]前記工程(3e)において、セルカルチャーインサート又は多孔性メンブレン上で培養を行う、[41]~[55]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[57]前記工程(3e)において、気相液相境界面培養法により培養を行う、請求項[41]~[56]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[58]前記工程(3)において、細胞凝集体をゲル中に包埋して培養する工程を含む、[1]~[57]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[59]前記ゲルはマトリゲルである、[58]に記載の製造方法。
[60]前記工程(3)において、基底膜標品を含有する培地中で浮遊培養を行う工程を含む、[1]~[59]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[61]前記基底膜標品がマトリゲルであり、培地中の前記マトリゲルの濃度が0.5%~4%である、[60]に記載の製造方法。
[62]前記工程(3)において、前記第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質とは異なる第二Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質がさらに存在する、[1]~[61]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[63]前記第二Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質は、古典的Wnt経路に対する阻害活性を有する物質を含む、[62]に記載の製造方法。
[64]前記第二Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質は、Tankyrase阻害剤を含む、[62]又は[63]に記載の製造方法。
[65]前記Tankyrase阻害剤は、XAV939、IWR1-endo、MN-64、WIKI4、TC-E 5001、JW 55及びAZ6102からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを含む、[64]に記載の製造方法。
[66]前記Tankyrase阻害剤はXAV939を含み、培地中の前記XAV939の濃度が10nM~50μMである、[64]又は[65]に記載の製造方法。
[67]前記第二Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質は、前記工程(1)における浮遊培養開始から28日以内に培地に添加される、[62]~[66]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[68]前記工程(1)、前記工程(2)及び前記工程(3)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの工程を、マトリゲルの非存在下で行う、[1]~[58]のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
[69][1]~[68]のいずれかに記載の製造方法により得られる嗅神経細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む細胞塊。
[70]1)嗅神経細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む非神経上皮組織部、及び、
2)神経系細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む神経組織部を含み、
前記神経系細胞又はその前駆細胞は、中枢神経系を構成する神経系細胞又はその前駆細胞を含み、前記神経組織部の表面の少なくとも一部が前記非神経上皮組織部で被覆されている、細胞塊。
[71]前記嗅神経細胞又はその前駆細胞は、Tuj1、EpCAM及びLhx2を発現している、[70]に記載の細胞塊。
[72]非神経上皮組織部は基底膜様構造をさらに含み、前記基底膜様構造は前記非神経上皮組織部と前記神経組織部との間に形成されている、[70]又は[71]に記載の細胞塊。
[73]前記非神経上皮組織部は、多列上皮又は重層上皮を形成している、[70]に記載の細胞塊。
[74]前記非神経上皮組織部は、嗅上皮様組織を含み、前記嗅神経細胞又はその前駆細胞は、前記嗅上皮様組織に含まれる、[70]~[73]のいずれかに記載の細胞塊。
[75]前記嗅上皮様組織は、支持細胞、基底細胞及びボーマン腺細胞、並びにこれらの前駆細胞からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも2種の細胞をさらに含む、[74]に記載の細胞塊。
[76]前記嗅上皮様組織は、基底細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む、[74]又は[75]に記載の細胞塊。
[77]前記嗅上皮様組織は、前記神経組織部に対向している基底面と、前記基底面とは反対側に位置する頂端面とを有し、
前記基底面は基底膜に面し、
前記頂端面はPKCζ陽性である、[74]~[76]のいずれかに記載の細胞塊。
[78]前記嗅上皮様組織は、嗅上皮内側部と、前記嗅上皮内側部の周囲に設けられた嗅上皮周縁部とを含み、
前記嗅上皮内側部は、Sox2、Tuj1及びAscl1陽性細胞を含み、
前記嗅上皮周縁部は、Pax6及びPbx陽性細胞を含む、[74]~[77]のいずれかに記載の細胞塊。
[79]前記嗅上皮様組織は、嗅神経鞘細胞又はその前駆細胞をさらに含む、[74]~[78]のいずれかに記載の細胞塊。
[80]前記非神経上皮組織部は、前記嗅上皮様組織以外の非神経上皮組織をさらに含む、[74]~[79]のいずれかに記載の細胞塊。
[81]前記非神経上皮組織は、呼吸器上皮細胞を含む、[80]に記載の細胞塊。
[82]前記神経組織部は、上皮構造を形成している、[70]~[81]のいずれかに記載の細胞塊。
[83]前記神経系細胞又はその前駆細胞は、網膜を構成する細胞又はその前駆細胞をさらに含む、[70]~[82]のいずれかに記載の細胞塊。
[84]前記神経系細胞又はその前駆細胞は大脳を含む、[70]~[83]のいずれかに記載の細胞塊。
[85]前記大脳は嗅球を含む、[84]に記載の細胞塊。
[86]骨組織を含まない、[70]~[85]のいずれかに記載の細胞塊。
[87][69]~[86]のいずれかに記載の細胞塊に含まれる細胞又は組織を含む、嗅覚系の障害に基づく疾患の治療薬。
[88][69]~[86]のいずれかに記載の細胞塊に含まれる細胞又は組織を含む、神経組織の障害に基づく疾患の治療薬。
[89][69]~[86]のいずれかに記載の細胞塊に含まれる神経細胞又は神経組織を含む、神経毒性又は薬効評価用キット。
[90][69]~[86]のいずれかに記載の細胞塊に含まれる嗅神経細胞又は嗅上皮様組織を含む、嗅覚受容体のスクリーニングキット。
「幹細胞」とは、分化能及び増殖能(特に自己複製能)を有する未分化な細胞を意味する。幹細胞には、分化能力に応じて、多能性幹細胞(pluripotent stem cell)、複能性幹細胞(multipotent stem cell)、単能性幹細胞(unipotent stem cell)等の亜集団が含まれる。多能性幹細胞とは、インビトロにおいて培養することが可能で、かつ、生体を構成するすべての細胞(三胚葉(外胚葉、中胚葉、内胚葉)由来の組織)に分化しうる能力(分化多能性(pluripotency))を有する幹細胞をいう。複能性幹細胞とは、全ての種類ではないが、複数種の組織及び細胞へ分化し得る能力を有する幹細胞を意味する。単能性幹細胞とは、特定の組織や細胞へ分化し得る能力を有する幹細胞を意味する。
選別した細胞株の中から目的とする相同組換え体を選択する方法としては、ゲノムDNAに対するサザンハイブリダイゼーション法やPCR法等があげられる。
細胞と細胞とが面接着(plane attachment)するとは、細胞と細胞とが面で接着することをいう。より詳細には、細胞と細胞とが面接着するとは、ある細胞の表面積のうち別の細胞の表面と接着している割合が、例えば1%以上、好ましくは3%以上、より好ましくは5%以上であることをいう。細胞の表面は、膜を染色する試薬(例えばDiI)による染色、細胞接着因子(例えばE-cadherin、N-cadherin)の免疫染色等により、観察できる。
多能性幹細胞の培養には、上記基礎培地をベースとした多能性幹細胞培養用の培地、好ましくは公知の胚性幹細胞又は人工多能性幹細胞の培地、フィーダーフリー下で多能性幹細胞を培養するための培地(フィーダーフリー培地)等を用いることができる。フィーダーフリー培地としては、例えばEssential 8培地、TeSR培地、mTeSR培地、mTeSR-E8培地、StemFit培地等を挙げることができる。
例えば「ソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路作用物質を含む培地」とは、外来性のソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路作用物質が添加された培地又は外来性のソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路作用物質を含む培地である。
多能性幹細胞を分散させる方法としては、例えば機械的分散処理、細胞分散液処理、細胞保護剤添加処理等が挙げられる。これらの処理を組み合わせて行ってもよい。好ましくは細胞分散液処理を行い、次いで機械的分散処理をするとよい。
細胞分散液処理に用いられる細胞分散液としては、例えばトリプシン、コラゲナーゼ、ヒアルロニダーゼ、エラスターゼ、プロナーゼ、DNase、パパイン等の酵素類や、エチレンジアミン四酢酸等のキレート剤のいずれかを含む溶液等を挙げることができる。市販の細胞分散液、例えばAccumax(Innovative cell technologies社製)やTripLE Select (Thermo Fisher Scientific社製)を用いることもできる。
細胞保護剤添加処理に用いられる細胞保護剤としては、FGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質、ヘパリン、Rho-associated protein kinase(ROCK)阻害物質、血清、血清代替物等を挙げることができる。好ましい細胞保護剤としては、ROCK阻害物質が挙げられる。
多能性幹細胞を分散させる方法としては、例えば多能性幹細胞のコロニーをROCK阻害物質の存在下で細胞分散液(Accumax)で処理し、さらにピペッティングにより分散させる方法が挙げられる。
本発明において、「神経上皮組織」とは、神経組織が層構造をもつ上皮構造を形成したもののことをいい、神経組織中の神経上皮組織は光学顕微鏡を用いた明視野観察等により存在量を評価することができる。
グリア前駆細胞とは、増殖能もち、グリア細胞を産生し、神経細胞を産生しない細胞である。
視細胞前駆細胞、水平細胞前駆細胞、双極細胞前駆細胞、アマクリン細胞前駆細胞、網膜節細胞前駆細胞、網膜色素上皮前駆細胞とは、それぞれ、視細胞、水平細胞、双極細胞、アマクリン細胞、網膜神経節細胞、網膜色素上皮細胞への分化が決定付けられている前駆細胞をいう。
網膜細胞マーカーとしては、網膜前駆細胞で発現するRx(Raxとも言う)、Aldh1a3、及びPax6、視床下部ニューロンの前駆細胞では発現するが網膜前駆細胞では発現しないNkx2.1、視床下部神経上皮で発現し網膜では発現しないSox1、視細胞の前駆細胞で発現するCrx、Blimp1等が挙げられる。網膜層特異的神経細胞のマーカーとしては、双極細胞で発現するChx10、PKCα及びL7、網膜神経節細胞で発現するTuj1及びBrn3、アマクリン細胞で発現するCalretinin、水平細胞で発現するCalbindin、成熟視細胞で発現するRhodopsin及びRecoverin、杆体細胞で発現するNrl、錐体細胞で発現するRxr-gamma、網膜色素上皮細胞で発現するREP65及びMitf等が挙げられる。
「大脳神経系前駆細胞」は、第一層ニューロン、第二層ニューロン、第三層ニューロン、第四層ニューロン、第五層ニューロン、第六層ニューロン、アストロサイト、及びオリゴデンドロサイトのうちの少なくとも複数の分化系譜への分化能(多分化能)をもつ複能性幹細胞(複能性神経幹細胞、multi-potent neural stem cell)を含む。
嗅皮質で発現する遺伝子及びマーカーとしては、Tbr1、FoxP2、Ctip2、Nor1(NR4a3)、DAARP-32、CUX1、Brn2、CART等が挙げられる。
「大脳基底核原基」とは、発生中の胚の脳室内に形成される神経系細胞からなる構造である。大脳基底核原基は成体の大脳基底核の基となることに加え、複数種の神経細胞を産生し、それらの細胞は発生中に中枢神経系の各所へと遊走する。
嗅球で発現する遺伝子及びマーカーとしては、Arx、Tbr1、Tbr2/EOMES、Tbx21、Iba1等が挙げられる。
上皮組織は通常種々の細胞間結合によりつながれており、単層又は重層化した層構造を有する組織を形成する。これら上皮組織の有無の確認、存在量の定量は光学顕微鏡による観察か、上皮細胞マーカーに対する抗体(抗E-Cadherin抗体、抗N-Cadherin抗体、抗EpCAM抗体等)を用いた免疫組織化学等の手法により可能である。
支持細胞で発現する遺伝子及びマーカーとしては、Notch2、Notch3、Carbonyl reductase 2(Cbr2)、S-100、Ezrin、Reep6、Sox2、Tyro3、CYP2A6、SUS-1、SUS-4、EPAS1等が挙げられる。
水平基底細胞で発現する遺伝子及びマーカーとしては、p63、サイトケラチン5、サイトケラチン14、ICAM-1等が挙げられる。
球状基底細胞で発現する遺伝子及びマーカーとしては、GAP43、GBC-1、Lgr5、Ascl1、LSD1、SEC8等が挙げられる。
ボーマン腺細胞で発現する遺伝子及びマーカーとしては、Sox9、E-Cadherin、Aquaporin5、Ascl3、サイトケラチン18等が挙げられる。
嗅神経鞘細胞で発現する遺伝子及びマーカーとしては、p75NTR、S100β、Sox10、GFAP、BLBP、Aquaporin1、Integrin α7等が挙げられる。
性腺刺激ホルモン放出ホルモンで発現する遺伝子及びマーカーとしては、性腺刺激ホルモン放出ホルモン(gonadotropin releasing hormone:GnRH)等が挙げられる。
本発明は、嗅神経細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む細胞塊の製造方法を提供する。以下、本発明の製造方法とも称する。
本発明の製造方法の一態様は、下記工程を含む嗅神経細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む細胞塊の製造方法である。
多能性幹細胞を、第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養し、細胞凝集体を形成させる工程(1)、
工程(1)で得られた細胞凝集体を、BMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(2)、
工程(2)で得られた細胞凝集体を、FGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で浮遊培養し、上記細胞塊を得る工程(3a)。
工程(1)の前に、多能性幹細胞をフィーダー細胞非存在下で、1)TGFβファミリーシグナル伝達経路阻害物質及びソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路作用物質からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つと、2)未分化維持因子と、を含む培地で培養する工程(a)、
多能性幹細胞を、第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養し、細胞凝集体を形成させる工程(1)、
工程(1)で得られた細胞凝集体を、BMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(2)、
工程(2)で得られた細胞凝集体を、FGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で浮遊培養し、上記細胞塊を得る工程(3a)。
多能性幹細胞を、第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養し、細胞凝集体を形成させる工程(1)、
工程(1)で得られた細胞凝集体を、BMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(2)、
工程(2)で得られた細胞凝集体を、FGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(3a)、
工程(3a)で得られた細胞凝集体を、FGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質及びBMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で培養し、上記細胞塊を得る工程(3c)。
工程(1)の前に、多能性幹細胞をフィーダー細胞非存在下で、1)TGFβファミリーシグナル伝達経路阻害物質及びソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路作用物質からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つと、2)未分化維持因子と、を含む培地で培養する工程(a)、
多能性幹細胞を、第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養し、細胞凝集体を形成させる工程(1)、
工程(1)で得られた細胞凝集体を、BMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(2)、
工程(2)で得られた細胞凝集体を、FGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(3a)、
工程(3a)で得られた細胞凝集体を、FGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質及びBMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で培養し、上記細胞塊を得る工程(3c)。
多能性幹細胞を、第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養し、細胞凝集体を形成させる工程(1)、
工程(1)で得られた細胞凝集体を、BMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(2)、
工程(2)で得られた細胞凝集体を、BMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養し、上記細胞塊を得る工程(3b)。
多能性幹細胞を、第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養し、細胞凝集体を形成させる工程(1)、
工程(1)で得られた細胞凝集体を、BMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(2)、
工程(2)で得られた細胞凝集体を、BMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(3b)、
工程(3b)で得られた細胞凝集体を、BMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の非存在下で浮遊培養し、上記細胞塊を得る工程(3d)。
工程(1)の前に、多能性幹細胞をフィーダー細胞非存在下で、1)TGFβファミリーシグナル伝達経路阻害物質及びソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路作用物質からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つと、2)未分化維持因子と、を含む培地で培養する工程(a)、
多能性幹細胞を、第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養し、細胞凝集体を形成させる工程(1)、
工程(1)で得られた細胞凝集体を、BMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(2)、
工程(2)で得られた細胞凝集体を、BMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養し、上記細胞塊を得る工程(3b)。
工程(1)の前に、多能性幹細胞をフィーダー細胞非存在下で、1)TGFβファミリーシグナル伝達経路阻害物質及びソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路作用物質からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つと、2)未分化維持因子と、を含む培地で培養する工程(a)、
多能性幹細胞を、第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養し、細胞凝集体を形成させる工程(1)、
工程(1)で得られた細胞凝集体を、BMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(2)、
工程(2)で得られた細胞凝集体を、BMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(3b)、
工程(3b)で得られた細胞凝集体を、BMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の非存在下で浮遊培養し、上記細胞塊を得る工程(3d)。
多能性幹細胞を、第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養し、細胞凝集体を形成させる工程(1)、
工程(1)で得られた細胞凝集体を、BMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(2)、
工程(2)で得られた細胞凝集体を、FGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質及びBMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養し、上記細胞塊を得る工程(3c)。
多能性幹細胞を、第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養し、細胞凝集体を形成させる工程(1)、
工程(1)で得られた細胞凝集体を、BMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(2)、
工程(2)で得られた細胞凝集体を、FGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質及びBMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(3c)、
工程(3c)で得られた細胞凝集体を、BMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の非存在下で浮遊培養し、上記細胞塊を得る工程(3d)。
工程(1)の前に、多能性幹細胞をフィーダー細胞非存在下で、1)TGFβファミリーシグナル伝達経路阻害物質及びソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路作用物質からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つと、2)未分化維持因子と、を含む培地で培養する工程(a)、
多能性幹細胞を、第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養し、細胞凝集体を形成させる工程(1)、
工程(1)で得られた細胞凝集体を、BMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(2)、
工程(2)で得られた細胞凝集体を、FGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質及びBMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養し、上記細胞塊を得る工程(3c)。
工程(1)の前に、多能性幹細胞をフィーダー細胞非存在下で、1)TGFβファミリーシグナル伝達経路阻害物質及びソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路作用物質からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つと、2)未分化維持因子と、を含む培地で培養する工程(a)、
多能性幹細胞を、第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養し、細胞凝集体を形成させる工程(1)、
工程(1)で得られた細胞凝集体を、BMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(2)、
工程(2)で得られた細胞凝集体を、FGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質及びBMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(3c)、
工程(3c)で得られた細胞凝集体を、BMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の非存在下で浮遊培養し、上記細胞塊を得る工程(3d)。
多能性幹細胞をフィーダー細胞非存在下で、1)TGFβファミリーシグナル伝達経路阻害物質及びソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路作用物質からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つと、2)未分化維持因子と、を含む培地で培養する工程(a)について説明する。
フィーダーフリー培地として、多くの合成培地が開発・市販されており、例えばEssential 8培地が挙げられる。Essential 8培地は、DMEM/F12培地に、添加剤として、L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate magnesium(64mg/l)、sodium selenium(14μg/1),insulin(19.4mg/l)、NaHCO3(543mg/l)、transferrin(10.7mg/l)、bFGF(100ng/mL)、及びTGFβファミリーシグナル伝達経路作用物質(TGFβ1(2ng/mL)又はNodal(100ng/mL))を含む(Nature Methods,8,424-429(2011))。市販のフィーダーフリー培地としては、例えばEssential 8(Thermo Fisher Scientific社製)、S-medium(DSファーマバイオメディカル株式会社製)、StemPro(Thermo Fisher Scientific社製)、hESF9、mTeSR1(STEMCELL Technologies社製)、mTeSR2(STEMCELL Technologies社製)、TeSR-E8(STEMCELL Technologies社製)、StemFit(味の素株式会社製)等が挙げられる。工程(a)ではこれらを用いることにより、簡便に本発明を実施することができる。StemFit培地は未分化維持成分としてbFGFを含有する(Scientific Reports(2014)4,3594)。
「単離」とは、目的とする成分や細胞以外の因子を除去する操作がなされ、天然に存在する状態を脱していることを意味する。従って、「単離されたタンパク質X」には、培養対象の細胞や組織から産生され細胞や組織及び培地中に含まれている内在性のタンパク質Xは包含されない。「単離されたタンパク質X」の純度(総タンパク質重量に占めるタンパク質Xの重量の百分率)は、通常70%以上、好ましくは80%以上、より好ましくは90%以上、さらに好ましくは99%以上、最も好ましくは100%である。
本発明は、一態様において、単離された未分化維持因子を提供する工程を含む。また、一態様において、工程(a)に用いる培地中へ、単離された未分化維持因子を外来的(又は外因的)に添加する工程を含む。あるいは、工程(a)に用いる培地に予め未分化維持因子が添加されていてもよい。
すなわち、工程(1)開始の0.5~144時間、好ましくは18~28時間前に工程(a)を開始し、工程(a)を完了した後引き続き工程(1)が行われる。
未分化で維持された多能性幹細胞、好ましくは工程(a)で培養した多能性幹細胞を、第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養し、細胞凝集体を形成させる工程(1)について説明する。
工程(1)において用いられるTGFβシグナル伝達経路阻害物質としては工程(a)で例示したものと同様のものが用いられる。工程(a)及び工程(1)のTGFβシグナル伝達経路阻害物質は同一であっても異なっていてもよいが、好ましくは同一である。
培地中のTGFβシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の濃度は、上述の効果を達成可能な範囲で適宜設定することが可能である。TGFβ伝達経路阻害物質としてSB431542を用いる場合は、通常約1nM~約100μM、好ましくは約10nM~約100μM、より好ましくは約100nM~約50μM、さらに好ましくは約500nM~約10μMの濃度で使用される。また、SB431542以外のTGFβシグナル伝達経路阻害物質を使用する場合、前記濃度のSB431542と同等のTGFβシグナル伝達経路阻害活性を示す濃度で用いられることが望ましい。
ある時点で、元の培地に含まれる成分を希釈して濃度を下げる場合、例えば培地交換操作を、1日に複数回、好ましくは1時間以内に複数回(例えば2~3回)行ってもよい。また、ある時点で、元の培地に含まれる成分を希釈して濃度を下げる場合、細胞又は凝集体を別の培養容器に移してもよい。
培地交換操作に用いる道具は特に限定されないが、例えばピペッター、ピペットマン(登録商標)、マルチチャンネルピペット、連続分注器等が挙げられる。例えば培養容器として96ウェルプレートを用いる場合、マルチチャンネルピペットを使ってもよい。
工程(1)で得られた細胞凝集体を、BMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(2)について説明する。
工程(2)で得られた細胞凝集体を浮遊培養する工程を含み、嗅神経細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む細胞塊を得る工程(3)について説明する。工程(3)は、FGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で培養する工程(3a)、BMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で培養する工程(3b)及びFGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質及びBMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で培養する工程(3c)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの工程を含む。
工程(2)で得られた細胞凝集体を、FGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(3a)について説明する。工程(3a)は、外的要因に基づくBMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の非存在下で行う。さらに外的要因に基づくBMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で行う場合は、工程(3c)として後述する。ここで、「外的要因に基づく」とは、人為的に添加することに起因することを意味する。
工程(2)で得られた細胞凝集体を、BMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(3b)について説明する。工程(3b)は、外的要因に基づくFGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質の非存在下で行う。さらに外的要因に基づくFGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で行う場合は、工程(3c)として後述する。
工程(2)で得られた細胞凝集体を、FGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質及びBMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(3c)について説明する。
工程(3)は、工程(3b)又は工程(3c)の後に、BMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の非存在下で浮遊培養する工程(3d)をさらに含んでもよい。すなわち、工程(3b)又は工程(3c)で得られた細胞凝集体を、BMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の非存在下で浮遊培養して細胞塊を得る工程(3d)について説明する。工程(3b)又は工程(3c)で得られた細胞塊を、さらにBMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の非存在下で浮遊培養してもよい。
工程(3)は、前記工程(3a)、前記工程(3b)又は前記工程(3c)の後に、さらに培養を行う工程(3e)を含んでもよい。工程(3d)の後に、工程(3e)を含んでもよい。工程(3e)により、より分化段階が進んだ嗅神経細胞を得ることができる。
本発明において、「細胞」及び「組織」という表記は、それぞれ生体内に存在する対応する細胞及び組織と同様のマーカーによる免疫染色その他特定の方法によってその存在を確認することができるが、「細胞」及び「組織」の機能、構造等は生体内に存在する細胞及び組織と必ずしも同一であるとは限らない。例えば、本発明の細胞塊に含まれる「嗅神経細胞」は、生体内に存在する嗅神経細胞と同様のマーカーで染色することができるが、その遺伝子発現の状態やシナプス結合は、必ずしも生体内の嗅神経細胞と同一の状態にあるとは限らない。
1)嗅神経細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む非神経上皮組織部、及び、
2)神経系細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む神経組織部を含み、
上記神経系細胞又はその前駆細胞は、中枢神経系を構成する神経系細胞又はその前駆細胞を含み、
上記神経組織部の表面の少なくとも一部が上記非神経上皮組織部で被覆されている凝集体をいう。
本発明の細胞塊は、非神経上皮組織部を含む。非神経上皮組織部は、上皮構造を有する組織であって、神経上皮組織を含まないものをいう。上皮構造とは細胞同士が細胞間結合によりつながれており、層を形成している構造をいう。層は単層であってもよいし、多層であってもよいが、好ましくは2層以上5層以下であり、より好ましくは3層以上4層以下である。また、上皮構造の一部が多層であってもよい。本発明の細胞塊に係る非神経上皮組織部は、非神経上皮組織部のうち、好ましくは5割以上9割以下、より好ましくは8割以上10割以下、最も好ましくは全体が上皮構造を有する。非神経上皮組織部は、細胞外基質を含んでいてもよい。
また、嗅上皮様組織は、嗅神経鞘細胞又はその前駆細胞をさらに含んでいることが好ましい。嗅神経鞘細胞又はその前駆細胞はS100、Sox10及びビメンチンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを発現している細胞を指す。嗅神経鞘細胞又はその前駆細胞のマーカーとして、例えばBrain Structure and Function 222.4(2017):1877-1895.に記載のマーカーを用いることもできる。
支持細胞、基底細胞、ボーマン腺細胞もしくは嗅神経鞘細胞又はこれらの前駆細胞は、好ましくは生体内の嗅上皮又は嗅上皮プラコードに存在する支持細胞、基底細胞、ボーマン腺細胞もしくは嗅神経鞘細胞又はこれらの前駆細胞と同様の性質を示す。
本発明の細胞塊は神経組織部を含む。神経組織部は神経系細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む。神経系細胞又はその前駆細胞は、中枢神経系を構成する神経系細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む。中枢神経系を構成する神経系細胞又はその前駆細胞は、Pax6、Bf1、Sp8、Sox1、Sox2、Emx2、Tuj1、N-Cadherinからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを発現し、かつサイトケラチンを発現していない細胞と定義することができ、Pax6、Sox2及びTuj1を発現していることが好ましい。中枢神経系を構成する神経系細胞又はその前駆細胞は、好ましくは生体内の中枢神経系における神経細胞、グリア細胞、神経幹細胞等又はこれらの前駆細胞と同様の性質を示す。
大脳は、嗅皮質を含むことが好ましい。嗅皮質は、Tbr1、Ctip2及びFoxP2からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを発現している組織を指す。
大脳は、大脳基底核又はその原基を含むことが好ましい。大脳基底核又はその原基はDlxファミリー遺伝子、Gsh2、Nkx2.1及びIslet1からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを発現している組織を指す。
大脳基底核又はその原基は外側基底核原基であることが好ましい。外側基底核原基はEr81及びIslet1からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを発現している組織を指す。
大脳は、嗅球又はその前駆組織を含むことが好ましい。嗅球又はその前駆組織はArx、Tbr1及びTbx21からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを発現している組織を指す。
本発明は、上述の「嗅神経細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む細胞塊」を用いた嗅覚受容体作用物質の評価方法を提供することができる。
嗅覚受容体作用物質の評価方法として、例えば上記細胞塊より調製した嗅神経細胞又は嗅上皮様組織と被験物質とを接触させる工程と、該被験物質が該細胞又は該組織に及ぼす影響を検定する工程とを含む嗅覚受容体作用物質の評価方法であり、評価対象の化合物に反応する特定の嗅覚受容体の同定方法である。本発明の嗅覚受容体作用物質評価の実施方法の一態様として、例えばScientific Reports 6,19934(2016)に記載の方法を参考に実施することができる。
本発明の嗅覚受容体作用物質評価の実施方法の一態様は、下記工程(A)~(D)を含む、嗅覚受容体作用物質評価の実施方法である。
(A)嗅神経細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む細胞塊から嗅覚受容体を発現している細胞を分取する工程、
(B)分取した嗅覚受容体を発現している細胞に被検物質を接触させる工程、
(C)被検物質との接触により活性化された細胞を同定する工程、
(D)被検物質との接触により活性化された細胞に発現している嗅覚受容体を同定する工程。
嗅神経細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む細胞塊から嗅覚受容体を発現している細胞を分取する工程について説明する。
分取した嗅覚受容体を発現している細胞又は組織に被検物質を接触させる工程について説明する。
工程(B)で用いる被験物質は原体のまま、あるいは溶媒で希釈して用いることもできる。その際に用いる希釈に用いる溶媒としては、試験結果に影響を与えないものが好ましく、例えば生理食塩水、Phosphate buffered saline(PBS)、Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution(HBSS)、DMEM等の細胞培養用の培地を用いることができる。被験物質が培養液に不溶で、かつ良好な懸濁性が得られない場合には、必要に応じてDMSO、エタノール、ミネラルオイル等を可溶化溶媒として用いることができる。
被検物質との接触により活性化された細胞を同定する工程について説明する。
被検物質との接触により活性化された細胞に発現している嗅覚受容体を同定する工程について説明する。
本発明は、上述の「4.嗅覚受容体作用物質評価用試薬としての使用方法」を実施するための嗅覚受容体作用物質の評価用キット又は嗅覚受容体のスクリーニングキットを提供することができる。
本試薬又はキットには、本発明の細胞塊、又は上述の工程(A)等によって細胞塊から分取された嗅神経細胞もしくは嗅上皮様組織と、上述の工程(B)~(D)を行うために用いられる試薬、培養液、培養容器、解析プログラムの少なくとも1つとを含み、好ましくはポジティブコントロール若しくはネガティブコントロールとして用いられる試薬、又は被検物質との接触により活性化された細胞を同定する試薬を含む。本キットには、さらにスクリーニングの手順を記載した書面や説明書が含まれていてもよい。
本発明は、上述の「4.嗅覚受容体作用物質評価用試薬としての使用方法」又は「5.嗅覚受容体作用物質の評価用キット又は嗅覚受容体のスクリーニングキット」と同様に、細胞塊に含まれる神経細胞又は神経組織を被検物質と接触させて、神経毒性又は薬効を評価する方法及びキットを提供することができる。
本発明は、上記細胞塊又は上記細胞塊に含まれる細胞若しくは組織を含む、神経組織の障害又は感覚器の障害、好ましくは嗅覚系の障害に基づく疾患の治療薬を提供することができる。神経組織の障害としては、中枢神経系の障害、例えば脊髄損傷、脳損傷、又は神経変性疾患等が挙げられる。脳損傷としては、例えば出血性発作、虚血性発作、脳症による脳損傷、外傷性脳損傷、脳梗塞や脳出血による脳損傷等が挙げられる。神経変性疾患としては、例えばアルツハイマー病、多発性硬化症(MS)、末梢神経障害、ハンチントン病、筋萎縮性側索硬化症、パーキンソン病等が挙げられる。これらの疾患は、非ヒト動物の疾患であってもよい。嗅上皮に存在する細胞(嗅神経細胞及びその前駆細胞を含む)は、他の神経組織由来の細胞よりも再生能力が高いため、神経損傷の治療薬として優れている。
蛍光免疫染色標本の陽性・陰性の判別のための蛍光強度の定量化を行った。染色強度の定量化手法としては、後述する試験例2において作製した培養28日目の細胞塊の凍結切片の抗Lhx2抗体による蛍光免疫染色結果の撮影像(図2の上段)(最大励起波長490nm、最大蛍光波長525nm)に対し、線分A-A’で示す関心領域の線形の蛍光強度プロファイルを出力し、組織の凍結切片がある領域と組織の存在しない領域の蛍光強度を比較した。図2の下段に示した解析結果では、組織の存在しない領域の蛍光強度が219であり、目視で陽性と判別された蛍光強度の強い領域の数値は4053.333、上記よりも蛍光強度の弱い陽性領域の数値は2043.667であった。よって、図2の下段のグラフに破線で示す通り、明視野中で組織が存在しないと確認した領域の蛍光強度の平均値に対し、5倍以上高い数値を示した所を陽性とすることにより、抗原の染色結果の陽性又は陰性の判別を定量的に行えることが分かった。以下の実験は、本予備実験と同様の方法によって発現の陽性又は陰性の判断を行った。
図3の上段に示す手順に従って、多能性幹細胞をWntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養し、細胞凝集体を作製した。ヒトES細胞(KhES-1株、京都大学より入手)を、Scientific Reports,4,3594(2014)に記載の方法に準じてフィーダーフリー条件で培養した。フィーダーフリー培地としてはStemFit培地(AK02N、味の素社製)、フィーダーフリー足場にはLaminin511-E8(ニッピ社製)を用いた。
その後、単一細胞に分散されたヒトES細胞を非細胞接着性の96ウェル培養プレート(PrimeSurface 96V底プレート、MS-9096V、住友ベークライト株式会社製)に、1ウェルあたり1.2×104細胞になるように100μlの無血清培地に浮遊させ、37℃、5%CO2の条件下で浮遊培養した。その際の無血清培地(gfCDM+KSR)には、F-12+Glutamax培地(Thermo Fisher Scientific社製)とIMDM+Glutamax培地(Thermo Fisher Scientific社製)の体積比1:1混合液に5% Knockout Serum Replacement(Thermo Fisher Scientific社製)、450μM 1-モノチオグリセロール(富士フィルム和光純薬株式会社社製)、1x Chemically defined lipid concentrate(Thermo Fisher Scientific社製)、50unit/mlペニシリン-50μg/mlストレプトマイシン(ナカライテスク株式会社製)を添加した無血清培地を用いた。
比較実験1にBMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質存在下で培養する工程(工程(2))を追加し、図4の上段に示す手順に従って、細胞凝集体を作製した。まず、ヒトES細胞(KhES-1株)を、比較実験1と同様の操作で維持培養及び工程(a)を行った後、Y27632(終濃度20μM)、IWP-2(終濃度2μM)及びSB-431542(終濃度1μM)存在下で浮遊培養を開始した(浮遊培養開始後0日目、工程(1)開始)。
比較実験2に、BMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で培養する工程(3b)を追加して、図6の上段に示す手順に従って、細胞塊を作製した。実験1では、浮遊培養開始から13日目の細胞凝集体の観察を行った。
実験2では、実験1と同様の実験操作を行い、図8の上段に示すように、実験1よりも培養期間を延長して、嗅神経細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む細胞塊を作製した。実験1と同様に、工程(a)、工程(1)及び工程(2)を行った後、浮遊培養開始後3日目にY27632とBMP4を含まず、IWP-2、SB-431542、K02288を含む無血清培地を用いて半量培地交換を行った(工程(3b)開始)。その後、浮遊培養開始後6、10、13、17、21、24日目にY27632とBMPを含まず、IWP-2、SB-431542及びK02288を含む無血清培地を用いて半量培地交換を行った。
実験3では、図11の上段に示すように、実験2で行ったBMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下での培養工程(3b)の代わりに、FGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質であるFGF2の存在下での培養工程(3a)を行い、嗅神経細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む細胞塊を作製した。また、多能性幹細胞として、ヒトiPS細胞(HC-6#10株、理化学研究所より入手)を用いた。加えて、培養期間を21日とした。特に示された操作以外は実験1と同様の操作を行った。
実験4では、図13の上段に示すように、工程(3)において、まずFGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で培養する工程(3a)の後に、FGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質及びBMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で培養する工程(3c)を行い、嗅神経細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む細胞塊を作製した。培養期間は28日とした。特に示された操作以外は実験3と同様の操作を行った。
実験5では、図15の上段に示すように、実験4の条件にさらに工程(3c)においてEGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質を添加して、ヒトiPS細胞から嗅神経細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む細胞塊を作製した。特に示された操作以外は実験3と同様の操作を行った。
実験6では、図17の上段に示すように、工程(3)として最初から工程(3c)を行い、工程(3c)の途中からEGFを添加し、さらにその後第二Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質としてXAV939の存在下で培養を行い、嗅神経細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む細胞塊を作製した。特に示された操作以外は実験3と同様の操作を行った。
実験7では、ヒトES細胞を用いて、工程(2)におけるBMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質の濃度による、細胞塊の製造効率の検討を行った。実験2(図8上段を参照)と同様の実験操作を行い、工程(2)において、BMP4の培地中の濃度は0.025nM、0.1nM、0.25nM、0.5nM、1.5nM、5nM及び無添加コントロールの7条件とした。
実験8では、ヒトiPS細胞を用いて、前処理工程(a)の有無による、細胞塊の製造効率の検討を行った。実験は、図21の上段に示す手順に従って行い、特に示された操作以外は実験1と同様の実験操作を行った。維持培養されたヒトiPS細胞を、6ウェルプレートに播種した6日後に、StemFit培地の培地交換と同時に、(1)他の条件と同量のDMSOのみ(control)、(2)300nM SAGのみ、(3)5μM SB-431542のみ、(4)5μM SB431542及び300nM SAGを添加する4つの条件にわけて前処理を行った。
実験9では、ヒトiPS細胞を用いて、第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の種類による、細胞塊の製造効率の検討を行った。図22の上段に示す手順に従って実験を行い、特に示された操作以外は、実験3と同様の実験操作を行った。維持培養及び工程(a)を行ったヒトiPS細胞を、第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質、Y27632(終濃度20μM)及びSB-431542(終濃度1μM)を添加した培地で浮遊培養を開始した。
実験10では、ヒトiPS細胞を実験5とは異なる培養容器を用いて培養し、浮遊培養開始4日目にBMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の洗浄を行って細胞塊の製造を行った。実験は、図24の上段に示す手順に従い、特に示された実験操作以外は実験3と同様に行った。
実験11では、ヒトiPS細胞を用いて、BMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質の添加時期、すなわち工程(2)の開始時期を浮遊培養開始後1日目から6日目まで変化させ、細胞塊の製造効率の検討を行った。実験は、図25上段に示す手順に従って行い、特に記載された実験操作以外は実験1と同様に行った。
実験12は、浮遊培養開始後2日目から6日目の細胞凝集塊の表面を観察し、BMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質の適切な添加時期の検討を行った。実験は、図26上段に示す手順に従って行い、特に示された実験操作以外は、比較実験1と同様に行った。
実験13では、胎生14.5日目ラット胚より嗅上皮を含む頭部の冠状切片を作製し、免疫染色を行い、本願に記載の製造法に製造された嗅上皮と比較した。妊娠14.5日目ラットより子宮内の胚を回収し、PBSで洗浄後、4%パラホルムアルデヒド・りん酸緩衝液(富士フィルム和光純薬株式会社製)で室温1時間固定した。固定後の胚をPBSで洗浄後、凍結時の組織の保護のために10%、20%、30%スクロース/PBS溶液に固定後の胚を沈降するまで順に浸漬した。凍結保護処理後の胚の頸部を解剖用ハサミで切断し、その頭部をクリオモルド<2号>(Sakura Finetek社製)に移し、頭部の周囲の余分な30%スクロース/PBSをマイクロピペッターで除いた後にO.C.Tコンパウンド(Sakura Finetek社製)に包埋し、ドライアイスで冷却したアルミヒートブロック上で急速凍結し、凍結切片作製用のブロックを作製した。上記胚を包埋したブロックからライカCM1950クライオスタット(Leica社製)により10μm厚の凍結切片を作製し、プラチナプロコートスライドグラス(松浪硝子工業株式会社製)に張り付けた。スライドグラス上の凍結切片の周囲をウルトラパップペン(株式会社バイオメディカルサイエンス製)で囲んだ後、0.2%Triton-X100/TBSで室温10分間透過処理し、続けてブロッキング試薬N-102(日油株式会社製)とSuperBlock (TBS) Blocking Buffer(Thermo Fisher Scientific社製)の体積比1:4混合液で室温30分間ブロッキング処理を行った。
図28上段に示す手順に従って、Wntシグナル伝達経路作用物質と阻害物質とを併用して細胞塊を作製した。ヒトiPS細胞(HC-6#10株、理化学研究所より入手)は、実験1と同様の方法により維持培養及び工程(a)を行った。1ウェルあたりの細胞数が9×103細胞となるようにした以外は、実験1と同様の方法により96ウェル培養プレートにて浮遊培養を開始した。
図29上段に示す手順に従って、工程(3)においてTAK1阻害剤を添加して細胞塊を作製した。ヒトiPS細胞(HC-6#10株、理化学研究所より入手)は、実験1と同様の方法により維持培養及び工程(a)を行った。1ウェルあたりの細胞数が9×103細胞となるようにした以外は、実験1と同様の方法により96ウェル培養プレートにて浮遊培養を開始した。
図30上段に示す方法に従って、細胞塊を粘性を有する培地で成熟培養させた。特許第6176770号公報を参照し、粘性を有する培地を調製した。具体的には、メチルセルロース(Sigma Aldrich社製、viscosity:4000cP、M0512)を3g秤量し、撹拌子を入れた500mlの広口メディウム瓶中でオートクレーブにより滅菌した後、100mlの培地を添加した。培地としては、F-12+Glutamax培地とIMDM+Glutamax培地の体積比1:1混合液に5% Knockout Serum Replacement、10%ウシ胎児血清(Biosera社製)、450μM 1-モノチオグリセロール、1x Chemically defined lipid concentrate、50unit/mlペニシリン-50μg/mlストレプトマイシン、20ng/ml FGF-TS、20ng/ml EGF、20ng/ml IGF-1(R&D Systems社製)、10μg/ml Heparin Sodium、1μM SB431542、1μM K02288、300nM CHIR99021、100nM EC23(レチノイン酸シグナル伝達経路作用物質)を添加した培地を用いた。培地を添加したメチルセルロース入りのメディウム瓶を、低温室内で高粘度液体対応のスターラー(アサヒ理化製作所製、AMG-H)を用いて一晩攪拌した。翌日にメチルセルロースの溶け残りがないか確認した後に、冷蔵庫内に3日間静置し、培養液中の気泡を除去した。この方法により調製された3%メチルセルロースを含有する培地は、水あめ状の高い粘性を有する液体であった。
図31上段に示す手順に従って、工程(3)において基底膜標品存在下で細胞塊を作製した。ヒトiPS細胞(HC-6#10株、理化学研究所より入手)は、実験1と同様の方法により維持培養及び工程(a)を行った。1ウェルあたりの細胞数が9×103細胞となるようにした以外は、実験1と同様の方法により96ウェル培養プレートにて浮遊培養を開始した。
図32上段の手順に従って、マトリゲル包埋培養を行った。実験15に記載の方法で調製した培養10日目又は培養13日目の細胞塊を96ウェルプレートから15mlチューブへと回収し、5%KSR gfCDM培地で一度洗浄した後、5%KSR gfCDM培地が入った浮遊培養用6cmディッシュへと移し、37℃に置いた。4℃で保冷しておいた保冷剤の上に置いた浮遊培養用6cmディッシュ中に氷上で解凍したマトリゲルを30μlずつ滴下し、20個程度の液滴を作成した。回収した上記細胞塊をワイドボアチップにより1個ずつディッシュ中のマトリゲル内に吐出した後、37℃に30分間置き、マトリゲルをゲル化させた。マトリゲルが固まったのち、5%KSR gfCDMに20ng/ml FGF-TS、20ng/ml EGF、10μg/ml Heparin Sodium、2μM IWP-2、1μM SB431542、1μM K02288、300nM CHIR99021、2μM 5z-7-Oxozeaenolを添加した培地を5ml加え、培養した(工程(3e)開始)。マトリゲル包埋培養開始後11日目、分化誘導開始より21日目に倒立顕微鏡を用いて明視野観察を行った。
Claims (52)
- 下記工程(1)~(3)を含む、嗅神経細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む細胞塊の製造方法:
多能性幹細胞を、第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養し、細胞凝集体を形成させる工程(1)、
前記工程(1)で得られた細胞凝集体を、BMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(2)、
前記工程(2)で得られた細胞凝集体を浮遊培養して、前記細胞塊を得る工程(3)であって、
FGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(3a)、
BMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(3b)、及び
FGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質及びBMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の存在下で浮遊培養する工程(3c)
からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの工程を含む、工程(3)。 - 前記工程(3)は前記工程(3a)を含み、前記工程(3a)の後に、前記工程(3c)をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記工程(3)は、前記工程(3b)又は前記工程(3c)を含み、前記工程(3b)又は前記工程(3c)の後に、BMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の非存在下で浮遊培養する工程(3d)をさらに含む、請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記工程(3)において、EGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質がさらに存在する、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記工程(1)の前に、前記多能性幹細胞をフィーダー細胞非存在下で、1)TGFβファミリーシグナル伝達経路阻害物質及びソニック・ヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路作用物質からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つと、2)未分化維持因子と、を含む培地で培養する工程(a)をさらに含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記BMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質は、BMP2、BMP4、BMP7、BMP13及びGDF7からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つのタンパク質を含む、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記工程(3)は、前記工程(3a)及び前記工程(3c)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの工程を含み、前記FGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質は、FGF2及びFGF8、並びに、これらの改変体からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記工程(3)の開始時期は、前記工程(2)のBMPシグナル伝達経路作用物質添加から12時間以降72時間以内である、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記工程(2)及び前記工程(3)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの工程において、前記第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質が存在する、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質は、非古典的Wnt経路に対する阻害活性を有する物質を含む、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質は、PORCN阻害剤を含む、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質は、KY02111及びKY03-Iからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記工程(3)は、前記工程(3b)及び前記工程(3c)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの工程を含み、前記BMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質は、I型BMP受容体阻害剤を含む、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記工程(1)、前記工程(2)及び前記工程(3)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの工程において、TGFβシグナル伝達経路阻害物質がさらに存在する、請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記TGFβシグナル伝達経路阻害物質は、Alk5/TGFβR1阻害剤を含む、請求項14に記載の製造方法。
- 前記工程(1)、前記工程(2)及び前記工程(3)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの工程において、Wntシグナル伝達経路作用物質がさらに存在する、請求項1~15のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記Wntシグナル伝達経路作用物質は、前記第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質の作用点よりも下流のシグナル伝達因子に作用する、請求項16に記載の製造方法。
- 前記Wntシグナル伝達経路作用物質は、Wnt-Canonical経路を活性化させる物質を含む、請求項16又は17に記載の製造方法。
- 前記Wnt-Canonical経路を活性化させる物質は、βカテニンの分解を阻害又はβカテニンの安定化を促進する、請求項18に記載の製造方法。
- 前記Wntシグナル伝達経路作用物質はGSK3阻害剤を含む、請求項16~19のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質はPORCN阻害剤を含み、前記Wntシグナル伝達経路作用物質はGSK3阻害剤を含む、請求項16~20のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記工程(3)において、TAK1阻害物質がさらに存在する、請求項1~21のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記工程(3)は、前記工程(3a)、前記工程(3b)又は前記工程(3c)の後に、さらに培養を行う工程(3e)を含む、請求項1~22のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記工程(3e)において、BMPシグナル伝達経路阻害物質、TGFβシグナル伝達経路阻害物質、Wntシグナル伝達経路作用物質、FGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質及びEGFシグナル伝達経路作用物質からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つが存在する、請求項23に記載の製造方法。
- 前記工程(3e)において、レチノイン酸伝達経路作用物質、血清、インスリン様成長因子受容体作用物質、神経栄養因子受容体作用物質からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つがさらに存在する、請求項23又は24に記載の製造方法。
- 前記工程(3e)を、増粘剤を含む培地中で行う、請求項23~25のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記増粘剤を含む培地は、100mPa・s以上の粘度を有する、請求項26に記載の製造方法。
- 前記工程(3e)において、接着培養を行う、請求項23~27のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 細胞外基質、基底膜標品及び合成細胞接着分子からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つでコートされた培養器材上で前記接着培養を行う、請求項28に記載の製造方法。
- 前記工程(3e)において、気相液相境界面培養法により培養を行う、請求項23~29のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記工程(3)において、細胞凝集体をゲル中に包埋して培養する工程を含む、請求項1~30のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記ゲルはマトリゲルである、請求項31に記載の製造方法。
- 前記工程(3)において、基底膜標品を含有する培地中で浮遊培養を行う工程を含む、請求項1~32のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記基底膜標品がマトリゲルであり、培地中の前記マトリゲルの濃度が0.5%~4%である、請求項33に記載の製造方法。
- 前記工程(3)において、前記第一Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質とは異なる第二Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質がさらに存在する、請求項1~34のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記第二Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質は、古典的Wnt経路に対する阻害活性を有する物質を含む、請求項35に記載の製造方法。
- 前記第二Wntシグナル伝達経路阻害物質は、Tankyrase阻害剤を含む、請求項35又は36に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1~37のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法により得られる嗅神経細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む細胞塊。
- 1)嗅神経細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む非神経上皮組織部、及び、
2)神経系細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む神経組織部を含み、
前記神経系細胞又はその前駆細胞は、中枢神経系を構成する神経系細胞又はその前駆細胞を含み、前記神経組織部の表面の少なくとも一部が前記非神経上皮組織部で被覆されている、細胞塊。 - 前記嗅神経細胞又はその前駆細胞は、Tuj1、EpCAM及びLhx2を発現している、請求項39に記載の細胞塊。
- 非神経上皮組織部は基底膜様構造をさらに含み、前記基底膜様構造は前記非神経上皮組織部と前記神経組織部との間に形成されている、請求項39又は40に記載の細胞塊。
- 前記非神経上皮組織部は、多列上皮又は重層上皮を形成している、請求項39に記載の細胞塊。
- 前記非神経上皮組織部は、嗅上皮様組織を含み、前記嗅神経細胞又はその前駆細胞は、前記嗅上皮様組織に含まれる、請求項39~42のいずれか1項に記載の細胞塊。
- 前記嗅上皮様組織は、基底細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む、請求項43に記載の細胞塊。
- 前記嗅上皮様組織は、前記神経組織部に対向している基底面と、前記基底面とは反対側に位置する頂端面とを有し、
前記基底面は基底膜に面し、
前記頂端面はPKCζ又はEzrin陽性である、請求項43又は44に記載の細胞塊。 - 前記嗅上皮様組織は、嗅上皮内側部と、前記嗅上皮内側部の周囲に設けられた嗅上皮周縁部とを含み、
前記嗅上皮内側部は、Sox2、Tuj1及びAscl1陽性細胞を含み、
前記嗅上皮周縁部は、Pax6及びPbx陽性細胞を含む、請求項43~45のいずれか1項に記載の細胞塊。 - 前記嗅上皮様組織は、嗅神経鞘細胞又はその前駆細胞をさらに含む、請求項43~46のいずれか1項に記載の細胞塊。
- 前記非神経上皮組織部は、前記嗅上皮様組織以外の非神経上皮組織をさらに含む、請求項43~47のいずれか1項に記載の細胞塊。
- 前記神経系細胞又はその前駆細胞は、網膜を構成する細胞又はその前駆細胞をさらに含む、請求項39~48のいずれか1項に記載の細胞塊。
- 前記神経系細胞又はその前駆細胞は大脳を含む、請求項39~49のいずれか1項に記載の細胞塊。
- 請求項38~50のいずれか1項に記載の細胞塊に含まれる細胞又は組織を含む、嗅覚系の障害に基づく疾患の治療薬。
- 請求項38~50のいずれか1項に記載の細胞塊に含まれる細胞又は組織を含む、神経組織の障害に基づく疾患の治療薬。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA3110464A CA3110464A1 (en) | 2018-08-24 | 2019-06-24 | Cell cluster including olfactory neuron or precursor cell thereof, and method for producing same |
US17/270,349 US20210308188A1 (en) | 2018-08-24 | 2019-06-24 | Cell cluster including olfactory neuron or precursor cell thereof, and method for producing same |
CN201980055406.0A CN112601814A (zh) | 2018-08-24 | 2019-06-24 | 包含嗅神经细胞或其前体细胞的细胞团块及其制备方法 |
EP19852199.9A EP3842527A4 (en) | 2018-08-24 | 2019-06-24 | CELL AGGREGATION COMPRISING AN OLFACTORY NEURON OR A PRECURSOR CELL THEREOF, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING IT |
JP2020538205A JP7352553B2 (ja) | 2018-08-24 | 2019-06-24 | 嗅神経細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む細胞塊、及びその製造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2018157653 | 2018-08-24 | ||
JP2018-157653 | 2018-08-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2020039732A1 true WO2020039732A1 (ja) | 2020-02-27 |
Family
ID=69591990
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2019/024964 WO2020039732A1 (ja) | 2018-08-24 | 2019-06-24 | 嗅神経細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む細胞塊、及びその製造方法 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20210308188A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3842527A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP7352553B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN112601814A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA3110464A1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI847985B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2020039732A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2022063226A1 (zh) * | 2020-09-24 | 2022-03-31 | 广州辑因医疗科技有限公司 | 化合物用于提高人造血干细胞移植效率的用途 |
WO2022124298A1 (ja) | 2020-12-07 | 2022-06-16 | 株式会社カネカ | 多能性幹細胞集団を製造する製造方法 |
WO2023277135A1 (ja) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-01-05 | 住友化学株式会社 | 鼻腔上皮を構成する細胞の製造方法、及び鼻腔上皮を構成する細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む細胞集団 |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWI810142B (zh) | 2014-10-24 | 2023-08-01 | 日商住友製藥股份有限公司 | 神經組織的製造方法 |
KR102388863B1 (ko) * | 2016-04-22 | 2022-04-22 | 다이닛본 스미토모 세이야꾸 가부시끼가이샤 | 망막 조직의 제조 방법 |
CN113207297B (zh) * | 2018-12-20 | 2024-09-24 | 住友化学株式会社 | 包含胚胎型成红细胞的细胞群体及其制备方法、细胞培养组合物以及化合物试验方法 |
WO2023129429A2 (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-07-06 | University Of Washington | Human ipsc derived ameloblasts and uses thereof |
WO2024192567A1 (zh) * | 2023-03-17 | 2024-09-26 | 北京大学 | 建立新型人肠道及结直肠肿瘤类器官培养体系 |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1996022362A1 (en) | 1995-01-20 | 1996-07-25 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Primate embryonic stem cells |
WO1998030679A1 (en) | 1997-01-10 | 1998-07-16 | Life Technologies, Inc. | Embryonic stem cell serum replacement |
US6280718B1 (en) | 1999-11-08 | 2001-08-28 | Wisconsin Alumni Reasearch Foundation | Hematopoietic differentiation of human pluripotent embryonic stem cells |
WO2002101057A1 (fr) | 2001-06-08 | 2002-12-19 | Dnavec Research Inc. | Transfert genique dans des cellules souches embryonnaires de primate a l'aide d'un virus de l'immunodeficience simienne de pseudo type vsv-g utilise comme vecteur |
WO2003046141A2 (en) | 2001-11-26 | 2003-06-05 | Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. | Methods for making and using reprogrammed human somatic cell nuclei and autologous and isogenic human stem cells |
JP2014076048A (ja) * | 2012-09-20 | 2014-05-01 | Yuichiro Onishi | オルファクトリースフィア細胞の生成・単離方法及び製造方法並びに該オルファクトリースフィア細胞を用いた脱随疾患治療剤及び末梢神経軸索再生増強剤の製造方法 |
US8772460B2 (en) | 2011-12-16 | 2014-07-08 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Thermostable FGF-2 mutant having enhanced stability |
US20160326491A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 | 2016-11-10 | Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center | Specification of functional cranial placode derivatives from human pluripotent stem cells |
JP6176770B2 (ja) | 2015-05-14 | 2017-08-09 | 公立大学法人横浜市立大学 | 高分子を細胞と共に凝集させる技術 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6969608B1 (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 2005-11-29 | Mcgill University | Pharmaceuticals containing multipotential precursor cells from tissues containing sensory receptors |
AU2001273215A1 (en) * | 2000-07-07 | 2002-01-21 | Case Western Reserve University | Olfactory neuron cultures and method of making and using the same |
CN101156944A (zh) * | 2006-10-07 | 2008-04-09 | 于廷曦 | 防治神经精神疾病和损伤的神经干细胞裂解液 |
DE102008008558A1 (de) * | 2008-02-08 | 2009-08-13 | Phenion Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Gewinnung olfaktorischer Epithelzellen aus nicht-menschlichen embryonalen Stammzellen |
ES2569373T3 (es) * | 2008-10-31 | 2016-05-10 | University Of Louisville Research Foundation, Inc. | Células madre derivadas del epitelio olfativo y procedimientos para su utilización |
EP3530730B1 (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2022-07-20 | Riken | Method for culturing stem cell |
WO2013166488A1 (en) * | 2012-05-04 | 2013-11-07 | Indiana University Research & Technology Corporation | Methods for generating the inner ear and other cranial placode-derived tissues using pluripotent stem cells |
TWI810142B (zh) * | 2014-10-24 | 2023-08-01 | 日商住友製藥股份有限公司 | 神經組織的製造方法 |
CA3083344A1 (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2019-05-31 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Production method for cell mass including neural cells/tissue and non-neural epithelial tissue, and cell mass from same |
-
2019
- 2019-06-24 WO PCT/JP2019/024964 patent/WO2020039732A1/ja unknown
- 2019-06-24 US US17/270,349 patent/US20210308188A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-06-24 CA CA3110464A patent/CA3110464A1/en active Pending
- 2019-06-24 CN CN201980055406.0A patent/CN112601814A/zh active Pending
- 2019-06-24 EP EP19852199.9A patent/EP3842527A4/en active Pending
- 2019-06-24 JP JP2020538205A patent/JP7352553B2/ja active Active
- 2019-06-25 TW TW108122135A patent/TWI847985B/zh active
Patent Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1996022362A1 (en) | 1995-01-20 | 1996-07-25 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Primate embryonic stem cells |
US5843780A (en) | 1995-01-20 | 1998-12-01 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Primate embryonic stem cells |
US6200806B1 (en) | 1995-01-20 | 2001-03-13 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Primate embryonic stem cells |
WO1998030679A1 (en) | 1997-01-10 | 1998-07-16 | Life Technologies, Inc. | Embryonic stem cell serum replacement |
JP2001508302A (ja) | 1997-01-10 | 2001-06-26 | ライフ テクノロジーズ,インコーポレイテッド | 胚性幹細胞血清置換 |
US6280718B1 (en) | 1999-11-08 | 2001-08-28 | Wisconsin Alumni Reasearch Foundation | Hematopoietic differentiation of human pluripotent embryonic stem cells |
WO2002101057A1 (fr) | 2001-06-08 | 2002-12-19 | Dnavec Research Inc. | Transfert genique dans des cellules souches embryonnaires de primate a l'aide d'un virus de l'immunodeficience simienne de pseudo type vsv-g utilise comme vecteur |
WO2003046141A2 (en) | 2001-11-26 | 2003-06-05 | Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. | Methods for making and using reprogrammed human somatic cell nuclei and autologous and isogenic human stem cells |
US8772460B2 (en) | 2011-12-16 | 2014-07-08 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Thermostable FGF-2 mutant having enhanced stability |
JP2014076048A (ja) * | 2012-09-20 | 2014-05-01 | Yuichiro Onishi | オルファクトリースフィア細胞の生成・単離方法及び製造方法並びに該オルファクトリースフィア細胞を用いた脱随疾患治療剤及び末梢神経軸索再生増強剤の製造方法 |
US20160326491A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 | 2016-11-10 | Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center | Specification of functional cranial placode derivatives from human pluripotent stem cells |
JP6176770B2 (ja) | 2015-05-14 | 2017-08-09 | 公立大学法人横浜市立大学 | 高分子を細胞と共に凝集させる技術 |
Non-Patent Citations (36)
Title |
---|
"Bio Manual Series 8, Gene targeting, Generation of mutant mouse using ES cells", 1995, YODOSHA CO., LTD., article "Gene targeting, Generation of mutant mouse using ES cells" |
"Gene Targeting, A Practical Approach", 1993, IRL PRESS AT OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS |
"Manipulating the Mouse Embryo, A Laboratory Manual", 1994, COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY PRESS |
"Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual", 1989, COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY PRESS |
AM J CANCER RES., vol. 5, no. 8, 2015, pages 2344 - 2360 |
BRAIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, vol. 222.4, 2017, pages 1877 - 1895 |
CELL STEM CELL, vol. 10, no. 6, 2012, pages 771 - 775 |
CELL STEM CELL, vol. 2, no. 2, 2008, pages 113 - 117 |
CELL, vol. 131, no. 5, 2007, pages 861 - 872 |
CELL, vol. 70, 1992, pages 841 - 847 |
DEVELOPMENT, vol. 137, 2010, pages 2471 - 2481 |
EMBO J., vol. 3, 1984, pages 1463 - 1468 |
INT J CLIN EXP PATHOL, vol. 10, no. 7, 2017, pages 8072 - 8081 |
J. CELL BIOL., vol. 105, 1987, pages 589 - 598 |
KATOH, HIROYUKI ET AL.: "The dual origin of the peripheral olfactory system: placode and neural crest", MOLECULAR BRAIN, vol. 4, no. 34, 2011, XP021114737, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.molecularbrain.com/content/4/1/34> [retrieved on 20190830] * |
KROLEWSKI, R. C. ET AL.: "The generation of olfactory epithelial neurospheres in vitro predicts engraftment capacity following transplantation in vivo", EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY, vol. 229, 2011, pages 308 - 323, XP028387142 * |
NAT BIOTECHNOL, vol. 19, 2001, pages 971 - 974 |
NAT BIOTECHNOL, vol. 28, 2010, pages 611 - 615 |
NAT BIOTECHNOL., vol. 28, 2010, pages 611 - 615 |
NAT COMMUN, vol. 3, 2012, pages 1236 |
NAT. BIOTECHNOL., vol. 26, no. 1, 2008, pages 101 - 106 |
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 2016, pages 7 |
NATURE METHODS, vol. 8, 2011, pages 424 - 429 |
NATURE, vol. 501.7467, 2013, pages 373 |
OHNISHI, YU-ICHIRO ET AL.: "Adult olfactory sphere cells are a source of oligodendrocyte and Schwann cell progenitors", STEM CELL RESEARCH, vol. 11, 2013, pages 1178 - 1190, XP028761069, DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.08.005 * |
OHNISHI, YU-ICHIRO ET AL.: "Isolation of human adult olfactory sphere cells as a cell source of neural progenitors", STEM CELL RESEARCH, vol. 15, 2015, pages 23 - 29, XP055689057 * |
ONCOGENE, vol. 26, 2007, pages 5163 - 5168 |
PLOS ONE, vol. 10, no. 1, pages eOl 13170 |
PROTEIN, NUCLEIC ACID AND ENZYME, vol. 54, no. 2, 2009, pages 185 - 192 |
SCIENCE, vol. 318, no. 5858, 2007, pages 1917 - 1920 |
SCIENCE, vol. 341, 2013, pages 651 - 654 |
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, vol. 4,3549, 2014, pages 3594 |
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, vol. 6, 2016, pages 19934 |
VICARIO-ABEJON, CARLOS ET AL.: "Locally Born Olfactory Bulb Stem Cells Proliferate in Response to Insulin-Related Factors and Require Endogenous Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I for Differentiation into Neurons and Glia", THE JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, vol. 23, no. 3, 2003, pages 895 - 906, XP008146528 * |
WANG Y. Z. ET AL.: "Canonical Wnt signaling promotes the proliferation and neurogenesis of peripheral olfactory stem cells during postnatal development and adult regeneration", J CELL SCI., vol. 124, no. 9, 2011, pages 1553 - 1563, XP055688834 * |
YAMANAKA, CELL, vol. 126, no. 4, 2006, pages 663 - 676 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2022063226A1 (zh) * | 2020-09-24 | 2022-03-31 | 广州辑因医疗科技有限公司 | 化合物用于提高人造血干细胞移植效率的用途 |
WO2022124298A1 (ja) | 2020-12-07 | 2022-06-16 | 株式会社カネカ | 多能性幹細胞集団を製造する製造方法 |
WO2023277135A1 (ja) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-01-05 | 住友化学株式会社 | 鼻腔上皮を構成する細胞の製造方法、及び鼻腔上皮を構成する細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む細胞集団 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20210308188A1 (en) | 2021-10-07 |
CN112601814A (zh) | 2021-04-02 |
JPWO2020039732A1 (ja) | 2021-08-26 |
TWI847985B (zh) | 2024-07-11 |
EP3842527A4 (en) | 2022-05-18 |
EP3842527A1 (en) | 2021-06-30 |
TW202024323A (zh) | 2020-07-01 |
CA3110464A1 (en) | 2020-02-27 |
JP7352553B2 (ja) | 2023-09-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP7352553B2 (ja) | 嗅神経細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む細胞塊、及びその製造方法 | |
JP7397448B2 (ja) | 神経組織の製造方法 | |
JP6682446B2 (ja) | 網膜組織の製造方法 | |
JP7360583B2 (ja) | 網膜組織の製造方法 | |
WO2017043605A1 (ja) | 網膜色素上皮細胞の製造方法 | |
JPWO2019017492A1 (ja) | 連続的な上皮を含む網膜組織の成熟化方法 | |
JP7297674B2 (ja) | 下垂体組織を含む細胞塊の製造方法及びその細胞塊 | |
JPWO2018164240A1 (ja) | 網膜色素上皮細胞の製造方法 | |
JP2023156413A (ja) | 背側化シグナル伝達物質又は腹側化シグナル伝達物質による錐体視細胞又は桿体視細胞の増加方法 | |
CN111386338B (zh) | 包含神经系统细胞或神经组织和非神经上皮组织的细胞团块的制备方法及该细胞团块 | |
WO2023277135A1 (ja) | 鼻腔上皮を構成する細胞の製造方法、及び鼻腔上皮を構成する細胞又はその前駆細胞を含む細胞集団 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 19852199 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2020538205 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 3110464 Country of ref document: CA |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2019852199 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20210324 |