WO2020015355A1 - 像素单元及其制造方法、显示控制方法、显示面板 - Google Patents

像素单元及其制造方法、显示控制方法、显示面板 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020015355A1
WO2020015355A1 PCT/CN2019/074242 CN2019074242W WO2020015355A1 WO 2020015355 A1 WO2020015355 A1 WO 2020015355A1 CN 2019074242 W CN2019074242 W CN 2019074242W WO 2020015355 A1 WO2020015355 A1 WO 2020015355A1
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Prior art keywords
adjustment layer
control electrode
base substrate
pixel unit
transparent electrode
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PCT/CN2019/074242
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
宋文峰
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京东方科技集团股份有限公司
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Priority to US16/611,397 priority Critical patent/US11114647B2/en
Publication of WO2020015355A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020015355A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/50—OLEDs integrated with light modulating elements, e.g. with electrochromic elements, photochromic elements or liquid crystal elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/80—Constructional details
    • H10K50/86—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
    • G02F1/167—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/80—Constructional details
    • H10K59/8791—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of display technology, and in particular, to a pixel unit and a manufacturing method thereof, a display control method, and a display panel.
  • a display panel capable of achieving transparent display has appeared in the field of display technology.
  • the working principle of the display panel is: when a pixel unit in the display panel is in a display state, an image can be displayed at a position where the pixel unit is located; When a pixel unit in a display panel is in a non-display state, it is transparent, and an object located on the back of the display panel can be seen through the display panel where the pixel unit is located.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a pixel unit including a base substrate, a display area and a non-display area located on the base substrate;
  • the adjustment layer includes: charged particles configured to move toward the control electrode under the control of a first electric field, and move toward the transparent electrode under the control of a second electric field.
  • An electric field and the second electric field are electric fields formed after signals are applied to the control electrode and the transparent electrode, and a direction of the first electric field is opposite to a direction of the second electric field.
  • the gap region is filled with an insulating material.
  • the orthographic projection of the adjustment layer on the base substrate covers the orthographic projection of the transparent electrode on the base substrate, There is a non-overlapping area between the orthographic projection of the adjustment layer on the base substrate and the orthographic projection of the transparent electrode on the base substrate.
  • the height of the control electrode is not less than half of the height of the adjustment layer.
  • control electrode is disposed on the same layer as the adjustment layer, and the adjustment layer is disposed on the control electrode and the base substrate.
  • the interior of the formed recessed structure is disposed on the same layer as the adjustment layer.
  • the transparent electrode is disposed on a side of the adjustment layer close to the base substrate, or the transparent electrode is disposed on the side of the adjustment substrate. The side of the adjustment layer far from the base substrate.
  • the adjustment layer includes a first adjustment layer and a second adjustment layer, and the first adjustment layer is disposed near the transparent electrode.
  • the side of the base substrate, and the second adjustment layer is disposed on a side of the transparent electrode away from the base substrate.
  • the charged particles include: light-absorbing charged particles.
  • the pixel unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, there are at least two sizes of charged particles in the adjustment layer.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display control method.
  • the method is applied to a pixel unit according to any one of the first aspects, and a display area of each pixel unit includes at least one sub-pixel unit.
  • a signal for forming a second electric field is applied to the control electrode and the transparent electrode, respectively, so that the charged particles in the adjustment layer are oriented toward the second electric field under the control of the second electric field.
  • the transparent electrode moves;
  • a signal for forming a first electric field is applied to the control electrode and the transparent electrode, respectively, so that the charged particles are in the first electric field. Under control, it moves toward the control electrode, and the direction of the first electric field is opposite to the direction of the second electric field.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for manufacturing a pixel unit.
  • the method includes:
  • control electrode Using a material doped with charged particles to form an adjustment layer in a non-display area on a base substrate on which the control electrode is formed; wherein the control electrode surrounds the adjustment layer, and the control electrode and the control electrode Gaps between adjustment layers;
  • a transparent conductive material is used to form a transparent electrode in a non-display area on the base substrate on which the control electrode is formed, and the adjustment layer and the transparent electrode are stacked;
  • the charged particles are configured to move toward the control electrode under the control of a first electric field, and move toward the transparent electrode under the control of a second electric field, and the first electric field and the second
  • the electric fields are electric fields formed after signals are applied to the control electrode and the transparent electrode, and a direction of the first electric field is opposite to a direction of the second electric field.
  • the control electrode and the base substrate form a recessed structure, and the material doped with charged particles is used to form Forming an adjustment layer in a non-display area on a base substrate having the control electrode includes:
  • the adjustment layer is formed inside the recessed structure.
  • the forming a control electrode at a boundary between the display area and the non-display area includes:
  • control electrode is formed at a boundary between the display area and the non-display area, and an anode is formed in the display area.
  • the forming a transparent electrode in a non-display region on a base substrate on which the control electrode is formed includes:
  • the transparent electrode is formed in the non-display region through a patterning process, and a cathode is formed in the display region.
  • the forming an adjustment layer in a non-display region on a base substrate on which the control electrode is formed includes:
  • the transparent electrode is formed in a non-display area on the base substrate on which the control electrode is formed, forming the adjustment layer in a non-display area on the base substrate on which the transparent electrode is formed;
  • the forming an adjustment layer in a non-display region on a base substrate on which the control electrode is formed includes:
  • a second adjustment layer is formed in a non-display area on the base substrate on which the transparent electrode is formed.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display panel including: a plurality of pixel units according to any one of the first aspects, arranged in an array on a substrate.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display device including the display panel according to the fourth aspect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pixel unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another pixel unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of a pixel unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of still another pixel unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of still another pixel unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a display control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a pixel unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a circular polarizer is usually provided in the display panel, and the circular polarizer blocks part of the light entering the display panel, so that the light transmitted through the display panel is reduced, so that The effect of increasing the contrast of the image is achieved by reducing the brightness of the display panel.
  • the circular polarizer has a blocking effect on light, resulting in a low brightness of the display panel when the pixel unit is in a non-display state. Therefore, the light emitting efficiency of the display panel is low. .
  • the pixel unit 0 includes a base substrate 01, a display area A1 and a non-display area A2 located on the base substrate 01;
  • the control electrode 02, the adjustment layer 03, and the transparent electrode 04 are located in the non-display area A2.
  • the adjustment layer 03 and the transparent electrode 04 are stacked.
  • the control electrode 02 is located at the boundary of the non-display area A2, and the control electrode 02 surrounds the adjustment layer 03. There is a gap region between the electrode 02 and the adjustment layer 03;
  • the adjustment layer 03 may include: charged particles 031, the charged particles 031 are configured to move toward the control electrode 02 under the control of the first electric field (refer to FIG. 2 for a schematic diagram after the movement), and under the control of the second electric field, The transparent electrode 04 moves (refer to FIG. 1 for a schematic diagram after the movement).
  • the control electrode 02 is disposed at the boundary between the display area A1 and the non-display area A2, and the extension direction of the control electrode 02 is parallel to the light emitting direction of the pixel unit 0 (as shown by the dotted arrow in FIG. 1), and the extension direction of the transparent electrode 04 is vertical. In the direction of light.
  • the first electric field and the second electric field are electric fields formed after signals are applied to the control electrode 02 and the transparent electrode 04, respectively, and the direction of the first electric field is opposite to that of the second electric field.
  • a control electrode, an adjustment layer, and a transparent electrode are provided in a non-display area of the pixel unit.
  • the charged particles in the adjustment layer can be moved toward the control electrode or the transparent electrode under the action of an electric field. After the charged particles move toward the transparent electrode, the charged particles can block part of the light entering the display panel, which can improve the contrast of the displayed image. After the charged particles move toward the control electrode, the charged particles will not block the light entering the display panel.
  • the brightness of the display panel is ensured when the pixel unit is in a non-display state, thereby improving the light-emitting efficiency of the display panel.
  • a gap region needs to exist between the control electrode and the adjustment layer, and the existence of the gap region is to ensure that the control electrode and the adjustment layer are insulated from each other, so that the control electrode and the transparent electrode are at a voltage preset in time.
  • An electric field with a predetermined direction is formed, and the charged particles in the adjustment layer are driven to move toward the predetermined direction, so that the non-display area can achieve light shielding or light transmission.
  • the gap region is filled with an insulating material.
  • an insulating material In order to better ensure the insulation between the control electrode and the adjustment layer.
  • the charged particles 031 may include: light-absorbing charged particles 031.
  • the charged particles 031 may be metal ions or charged nanoparticles.
  • the charged particle 031 is a light-absorbing charged particle 031
  • the charged particle 031 can not only block light entering the display panel, but also absorb light entering the display panel to further In order to reduce the light entering the display panel, the luminous efficiency of the display panel is further improved.
  • the charged particles 031 in the adjustment layer there are at least two sizes of the charged particles 031 in the adjustment layer, that is, there are at least two sizes of the charged particles in the adjustment layer.
  • the charged particles 031 of various sizes can be staggered. After the charged particles 031 move toward the transparent electrode 04, the charged particles 031 can Tile as much as possible on the light-emitting surface of the non-display area A2 to block as much light as possible from entering the display panel. And, when there are multiple sizes of the charged particles 031, please continue to refer to FIG. 2.
  • the total volume occupied by all the charged particles 031 in the adjustment layer 03 is reduced, which can make the The charged particles 031 do not block light as much as possible, thereby further improving the luminous efficiency of the display panel.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial enlarged view of the non-display area.
  • the orthographic projection 032 of the adjustment layer 03 on the substrate 01 can cover the orthography of the transparent electrode 04 on the substrate 01.
  • This setting method can ensure that the charged particles 031 have sufficient movable space. After the charged particles 031 move toward the transparent electrode 04, the charged particles 031 can be tiled on the light emitting surface of the non-display area A2 as much as possible to block as much as possible.
  • the light entering the display panel, and after the charged particles 031 move toward the control electrode 02, the charged particles 031 can be as close as possible to the control electrode 02, so that the charged particles 031 do not block the light as much as possible, so as to further improve the light emission of the display panel. effectiveness.
  • the height of the control electrode is not less than half of the height of the adjustment layer.
  • the height of the control electrode In order to ensure the strength of the electric field formed between the control electrode and the transparent electrode, the height of the control electrode needs to be set to at least half the height of the adjustment layer. If the height of the control electrode is too small, the electric field formed between the control electrode and the transparent electrode is insufficient. To drive the charged particles in the adjustment layer.
  • the control electrode 02 may be disposed on the same layer as the adjustment layer 03.
  • the control electrode 02 and the substrate substrate 01 can form a recessed structure, and the adjustment layer 03 can be disposed inside the recessed structure.
  • This setting method can ensure that the charged particles 031 have sufficient movable space, and further ensure that after the charged particles 031 move toward the transparent electrode 04, as much light as possible entering the display panel can be blocked, and that the charged particles 031 face the control electrode. After 02 is moved, the charged particles 031 should not block light as much as possible to further improve the luminous efficiency of the display panel.
  • the transparent electrode 04 and the adjustment layer 03 may be provided in various ways.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure use the following three implementable modes as examples to describe them:
  • a transparent electrode 04 is disposed on a side of the adjustment layer 03 near the substrate 01. At this time, the transparent electrode 04 and the adjustment layer 03 may be stacked on the base substrate 01 provided with the control electrode 02.
  • the transparent electrode 04 is disposed on a side of the adjustment layer 03 away from the substrate 01.
  • the adjustment layer 03 and the transparent electrode 04 may be stacked on the base substrate 01 provided with the control electrode 02.
  • the adjustment layer 03 may include a first adjustment layer 033 and a second adjustment layer 034.
  • the first adjustment layer 033 is disposed on a side of the transparent electrode 04 near the substrate 01.
  • the two adjustment layers 034 are disposed on a side of the transparent electrode 04 away from the base substrate 01.
  • the first adjustment layer 033, the transparent electrode 04, and the second adjustment layer 034 may be stacked on the base substrate 01 provided with the control electrode 02.
  • the display area A1 of the pixel unit 0 may further be provided with a pixel defining layer 05, an anode 06, a light emitting layer 07, a cathode 08, and a color resist layer 09 (including filters of multiple colors). And so on.
  • a cofferdam may be formed in the pixel unit 0. The cofferdam is used to prevent the material of the film layer from being unintentionally diffused on the base substrate 01 when the film layer in the pixel unit 0 is manufactured.
  • the anode and the control electrode 02 may be made of the same material. At this time, the anode and the control electrode 02 can be made by a one-shot process.
  • the cathode 08 and the transparent electrode 04 can be made of the same material. At this time, the cathode 08 and the transparent electrode 04 can be made by a one-shot process.
  • the pixel unit 0 can emit light in a direction away from the substrate 01.
  • the anode can be made of a material having a reflective function, and reflected by the reflective electrode The light on the anode can increase the amount of light emitted from the display panel, thereby improving the light emitting efficiency of the display panel.
  • the pixel unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure is provided with a control electrode, an adjustment layer, and a transparent electrode in a non-display area.
  • the charged particles in the adjustment layer can move toward the control electrode or the transparent electrode under the action of an electric field. After the charged particles move toward the transparent electrode, the charged particles can block part of the light entering the display panel, which can improve the contrast of the displayed image. After the charged particles move toward the control electrode, the charged particles will not produce light that enters the display panel.
  • the occlusion effect improves the display image contrast and ensures the brightness of the display panel when the pixel unit is in a non-display state, thereby improving the light-emitting efficiency of the display panel.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display control method.
  • the method can be applied to the pixel units provided in the foregoing embodiments, and a display area of each pixel unit may include at least one sub-pixel unit. Please refer to FIG. 6, the method may include:
  • Step 201 For each pixel unit, obtain a display state of each sub-pixel unit in the pixel unit.
  • the charged particles By acquiring the display state of the sub-pixel unit in the pixel unit, the charged particles can be linked and controlled according to the display state, so that the charged particles move in different motion modes under different display states, thereby improving the transmittance of the display panel.
  • Step 202 When any sub-pixel unit in the pixel unit is in a display state, the control electrode and the transparent electrode are respectively loaded with a signal for forming a second electric field, so that the charged particles in the adjustment layer are oriented transparently under the control of the second electric field. The electrode moves.
  • the sub-pixel unit When the sub-pixel unit is in the display state in the pixel unit, by controlling the charged particles to move toward the transparent electrode, the charged particles can be blocked from entering the display panel to reduce the transmittance of the display panel and pass the reduced transmission
  • the over-rate improves the display effect of the image viewed by the user, so as to achieve the effect of increasing the contrast of the displayed image.
  • the implementation process of loading the control electrode and the transparent electrode with a signal for forming a second electric field may include: obtaining the electrical properties of the charged particles in the adjustment layer, and separately controlling the charged particles based on the electrical properties of the charged particles. And the transparent electrode is loaded with a signal for forming a second electric field.
  • a positive voltage signal may be applied to the transparent electrode and a negative voltage signal may be applied to the control electrode to form the second electric field.
  • a negative voltage signal can be applied to the transparent electrode and a positive voltage signal can be applied to the control electrode to form the second electric field.
  • Step 203 When all sub-pixel units in the pixel unit are in a non-display state, a signal for forming a first electric field is applied to the control electrode and the transparent electrode, respectively, so that the charged particles move toward the control electrode under the control of the first electric field. .
  • the direction of the first electric field is opposite to the direction of the second electric field.
  • the charged particles can be prevented from blocking the light entering the display panel as little as possible, or the charged particles do not block the light entering the display panel to Increasing the transmittance of the display panel, so that users can more clearly see the objects located on the back of the display panel through the display panel, that is, the effect of transparent display is improved.
  • the implementation process of loading the control electrode and the transparent electrode with a signal for forming a first electric field may include: obtaining the electrical properties of the charged particles in the adjustment layer, and separately controlling the electrical properties of the charged particles based on the electrical properties of the charged particles. And the transparent electrode is loaded with a signal for forming a first electric field.
  • a negative voltage signal can be applied to the transparent electrode and a positive voltage signal can be applied to the control electrode to form the first electric field.
  • a positive voltage signal can be applied to the transparent electrode and a negative voltage signal can be applied to the control electrode to form the first electric field.
  • the display control method by applying signals to the control electrode and the transparent electrode according to the display state of the sub-pixel unit in the pixel unit, it is possible to implement linkage control on the charged particles according to the display state of the pixel unit, so that the charging is carried out.
  • the particles move toward the control electrode or the transparent electrode under the action of an electric field, and after the charged particles move toward the transparent electrode, the charged particles can block part of the light entering the display panel, which can improve the contrast of the displayed image.
  • the charged particles are directed toward the control electrode. After moving, the charged particles will not block the light entering the display panel.
  • the brightness of the display panel is ensured when the pixel unit is in a non-display state, thereby improving the luminous efficiency of the display panel.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for manufacturing a pixel unit. As shown in FIG. 7, the method may include:
  • Step 301 Determine the positions of the display area and the non-display area on the base substrate.
  • the base substrate may be a transparent substrate, which may be a flexible substrate, or may be made of a light guide material having a certain hardness, such as glass, quartz, transparent resin, polyimide (PI), or metal foil.
  • a transparent substrate which may be a flexible substrate, or may be made of a light guide material having a certain hardness, such as glass, quartz, transparent resin, polyimide (PI), or metal foil.
  • Step 302 Use a conductive material to form a control electrode at the boundary of the non-display area.
  • the extending direction of the formed control electrode may be parallel to the light emitting direction of the pixel unit, and the control electrode is disposed at the boundary between the display area and the non-display area.
  • a method such as magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation, or plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) can be used to deposit a layer of conductive material with a certain thickness on the substrate to obtain a control electrode film layer, and then The control electrode film is processed through a patterning process to obtain a control electrode.
  • one patterning process may include: photoresist coating, exposure, development, etching, and photoresist stripping.
  • the conductive material may refer to a conductive material, for example, the conductive material may be a metal or indium tin oxide (ITO). Alternatively, the conductive material may also refer to multiple conductive materials.
  • the conductive material may be metallic silver (Ag) and ITO
  • the control electrode formed by using the metallic Ag and ITO may be an ITO film layer or a metallic silver Ag film layer. And ITO film layer. And the thickness of the control electrode film layer can be set according to actual needs.
  • Step 303 Use a material doped with charged particles to form an adjustment layer in a non-display region on the base substrate on which the control electrode is formed; wherein the control electrode surrounds the adjustment layer, and a gap region exists between the control electrode and the adjustment layer ;
  • a method such as coating can be used to form a layer of a material doped with charged particles having a certain thickness in a non-display region on a base substrate on which a control electrode is formed to obtain an adjustment layer.
  • the thickness of the adjustment layer and the material doped with charged particles can be set according to actual needs.
  • the material doped with charged particles may be a glue doped with charged nanoparticles, and the glue may also be a low-viscosity glue (such as polyimide) with a viscosity less than a preset threshold.
  • the glue is a low-viscosity glue, it can ensure that the control of the charged particles in the electric field can effectively move.
  • step 303 may include: using a material doped with charged particles, An adjustment layer is formed inside the recessed structure. The method of forming the adjustment layer can ensure that the charged particles have sufficient movable space, and further ensure that after the charged particles move toward the transparent electrode, as much as possible, light entering the display panel can be blocked, and the charged particles move toward the control electrode. Then, the charged particles are not shielded from light as much as possible, so as to further improve the luminous efficiency of the display panel.
  • Step 304 Use a transparent conductive material to form a transparent electrode in a non-display area on the base substrate on which the control electrode is formed, and set the adjustment layer and the transparent electrode to be stacked.
  • the extending direction of the formed transparent electrode may be perpendicular to the light output direction, and the adjustment layer and the transparent electrode are stacked.
  • the charged particles are configured to move toward the control electrode under the control of the first electric field, and move toward the transparent electrode under the control of the second electric field.
  • the first electric field and the second electric field respectively load signals to the control electrode and the transparent electrode.
  • An electric field formed later, and the direction of the first electric field is opposite to that of the second electric field.
  • a method such as magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation, or PECVD can be used to deposit a layer of transparent conductive material with a certain thickness on the base substrate to obtain a transparent electrode film layer, and then the transparent electrode film layer is processed through a patterning process to obtain a transparent electrode.
  • One patterning process may include: photoresist coating, exposure, development, etching, and photoresist stripping.
  • the thickness of the transparent electrode film layer and the transparent conductive material may be set according to actual needs.
  • the transparent conductive material may be metal Ag, metal magnesium (Mg), or indium zinc oxide (IZO).
  • the method for manufacturing a pixel unit includes a control electrode, an adjustment layer, and a transparent electrode in a non-display region of the pixel unit manufactured by the method.
  • the charged particles in the adjustment layer can be subjected to an electric field. Moving toward the control electrode or transparent electrode, after the charged particles move toward the transparent electrode, the charged particles can block part of the light entering the display panel, which can improve the contrast of the displayed image. After the charged particles move toward the control electrode, the charged particles do not It can block the light entering the display panel. Compared with the related art, it can ensure the brightness of the display panel when the pixel unit is in a non-display state, thereby improving the luminous efficiency of the display panel.
  • a pixel-defining layer can also be formed by operations such as coating, exposure, and etching
  • an anode can be formed by methods such as magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation, or PECVD
  • a light-emitting layer can be formed by evaporation.
  • Methods such as magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation, or PECVD are used to form cathodes and color resist layers (including multi-color filters), and can also form a cofferdam (DAM), which is used to manufacture pixels
  • DAM cofferdam
  • step 302 may include: forming a control electrode at a boundary between the display area and the non-display area through a patterning process, and forming an anode in the display area.
  • the control electrode and the anode are formed through one patterning process, the manufacturing process of the pixel unit can be simplified.
  • the cathode and the transparent electrode can be made of the same material.
  • the implementation of step 304 may include: forming a transparent electrode in a non-display region through a patterning process on the base substrate on which the adjustment layer is formed, and forming a cathode in the display region.
  • the transparent electrode is disposed on a side of the adjustment layer remote from the base substrate. And when the transparent electrode and the cathode are formed through one patterning process, the manufacturing process of the pixel unit can be simplified.
  • step 303 may include at least the following two implementation manners:
  • the implementation process of step 303 may include: after forming a transparent electrode in a non-display area on the base substrate on which the control electrode is formed, non-display on the base substrate on which the transparent electrode is formed An adjustment layer is formed in the area.
  • the adjustment layer may include a first adjustment layer and a second adjustment layer.
  • the implementation process of step 303 may include: forming a first adjustment layer in a non-display region on the base substrate on which the control electrode is formed. And after forming a transparent electrode in a non-display area on the base substrate on which the first adjustment layer is formed, a second adjustment layer is formed in a non-display area on the base substrate on which the transparent electrode is formed.
  • the method for manufacturing a pixel unit includes a control electrode, an adjustment layer, and a transparent electrode in a non-display region of the pixel unit manufactured by the method.
  • the charged particles in the adjustment layer can be subjected to an electric field. Moving toward the control electrode or transparent electrode, after the charged particles move toward the transparent electrode, the charged particles can block part of the light entering the display panel and can improve the contrast of the displayed image. After the charged particles move toward the control electrode, the charged particles do It can block the light entering the display panel. Compared with the related art, it can ensure the brightness of the display panel when the pixel unit is in a non-display state, thereby improving the luminous efficiency of the display panel.
  • the display panel may include a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array on a base substrate as provided in the above embodiments.
  • the display panel can be: LCD panel, electronic paper, organic light emitting diode (English: Organic Light-Emitting Diode, OLED for short) panel, mobile phone, tablet computer, television, monitor, notebook computer, digital photo frame, navigator, etc. Parts with display function.
  • the display device includes the display panel provided in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the display device may be a public information display device capable of transparent display to achieve synergistic effects such as display, interaction, and advertisement.
  • the display device may be a department store display, a refrigerator door perspective, a vending machine, and the like.

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Abstract

一种像素单元（0）及其制造方法、显示控制方法、显示面板，属于显示技术领域。像素单元（0）包括衬底基板（01），位于衬底基板（01）上的显示区域（A1）和非显示区域（A2）；位于非显示区域（A2）的控制电极（02）、调整层（03）和透明电极（04），调整层（03）与透明电极（04）层叠设置，控制电极（02）位于非显示区域（A2）的边界处，且控制电极（02）包围调整层（03），控制电极（02）与调整层（03）之间存在间隙区域；调整层（03）包括：带电粒子（031），带电粒子（031）被配置为：在第一电场的控制下，朝向控制电极（02）移动，在第二电场的控制下，朝向透明电极（04）移动，第一电场和第二电场分别为向控制电极（02）和透明电极（04）加载信号后形成的电场，且第一电场的方向与第二电场的方向相反以提高显示面板的发光效率。

Description

像素单元及其制造方法、显示控制方法、显示面板
本公开要求在2018年07月16日提交中国专利局、公开号为201810778587.7、公开名称为“像素单元及其制造方法、显示控制方法、显示面板”的中国专利公开的优先权，其全部内容以引入的方式并入本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及显示技术领域，特别涉及像素单元及其制造方法、显示控制方法、显示面板。
背景技术
目前，在显示技术领域中出现了一种能够实现透明显示的显示面板，该显示面板的工作原理为：在显示面板中的像素单元处于显示状态时，该像素单元所在的位置处可以显示图像；在显示面板中的像素单元处于非显示状态时，其为透明状态，可以透过该像素单元所在位置处的显示面板，看见位于该显示面板背面的物体。
发明内容
第一方面，本公开实施例提供了像素单元，所述像素单元包括衬底基板，位于所述衬底基板上的显示区域和非显示区域；
位于所述非显示区域的控制电极、调整层和透明电极，所述调整层与所述透明电极层叠设置，所述控制电极位于所述非显示区域的边界处，且所述控制电极包围所述调整层，所述控制电极与所述调整层之间存在间隙区域；
所述调整层包括：带电粒子，所述带电粒子被配置为：在第一电场的控制下，朝向所述控制电极移动，在第二电场的控制下，朝向所述透明电极移动，所述第一电场和所述第二电场分别为向所述控制电极和所述透明电极加载信号后形成的电场，且所述第一电场的方向与所述第二电场的方向相反。
在一种可能的实施方式中，在本公开实施例提供的像素单元中，所述间隙区域填充有绝缘材料。
在一种可能的实施方式中，在本公开实施例提供的像素单元中，所述调整层在所述衬底基板上的正投影覆盖所述透明电极在所述衬底基板上的正投影，且所述调整层在所述衬底基板上的正投影与所述透明电极在所述衬底基板上的正投影存在非重叠区域。
在一种可能的实施方式中，在本公开实施例提供的像素单元中，所述控制电极的高度不小于所述调整层的高度的一半。
在一种可能的实施方式中，在本公开实施例提供的像素单元中，所述控制电极与所述调整层同层设置，且所述调整层设置在所述控制电极与所述衬底基板所形成的凹陷结构的内部。
在一种可能的实施方式中，在本公开实施例提供的像素单元中，所述透明电极设置在所述调整层靠近所述衬底基板的一侧，或者，所述透明电极设置在所述调整层远离所述衬底基板的一侧。
在一种可能的实施方式中，在本公开实施例提供的像素单元中，所述调整层包括：第一调整层和第二调整层，所述第一调整层设置在所述透明电极靠近所述衬底基板的一侧，所述第二调整层设置在所述透明电极远离所述衬底基板的一侧。
在一种可能的实施方式中，在本公开实施例提供的像素单元中，所述带电粒子包括：吸光性带电粒子。
在一种可能的实施方式中，在本公开实施例提供的像素单元中，所述调整层中带电粒子的尺寸至少有两种。
第二方面，本公开实施例提供了一种显示控制方法，所述方法应用于第一方面任一所述的像素单元，每个像素单元的显示区域中包括至少一个亚像素单元，所述方法包括：
对于每个所述像素单元，获取所述像素单元中每个亚像素单元的显示状态；
当所述像素单元中任一亚像素单元处于显示状态时，分别向控制电极和透明电极加载用于形成第二电场的信号，使得调整层中带电粒子在所述第二电场的控制下，朝向所述透明电极移动；
当所述像素单元中所有亚像素单元均处于非显示状态时，分别向所述控制电极和所述透明电极加载用于形成第一电场的信号，使得所述带电粒子在所述第一电场的控制下，朝向所述控制电极移动，且所述第一电场的方向与所述第二电场的方向相反。
第三方面，本公开实施例提供了一种像素单元的制造方法，所述方法包括：
在衬底基板上确定显示区域和非显示区域的位置；
采用导电材料，在所述非显示区域的边界处形成控制电极；
采用掺杂有带电粒子的材料，在形成有所述控制电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成调整层；其中，所述控制电极包围所述调整层，且所述控制电极与所述调整层之间存在间隙区域；
采用透明导电材料，在形成有所述控制电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成透明电极，且所述调整层与所述透明电极层叠设置；
其中，所述带电粒子被配置为：在第一电场的控制下，朝向所述控制电极移动，在第二电场的控制下，朝向所述透明电极移动，所述第一电场和所述第二电场分别为向所述控制电极和所述透明电极加载信号后形成的电场，且所述第一电场的方向与所述第二电场的方向相反。
在一种可能的实施方式中，在本公开实施例提供的像素单元的制造方法中，所述控制电极与所述衬底基板形成凹陷结构，所述采用掺杂有带电粒子的材料，在形成有所述控制电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成调整层，包括：
采用所述掺杂有带电粒子的材料，在所述凹陷结构内部形成所述调整层。
在一种可能的实施方式中，在本公开实施例提供的像素单元的制造方法中，所述在所述显示区域与所述非显示区域的交界处形成控制电极，包括：
通过一次构图工艺，在所述显示区域与所述非显示区域的交界处形成所述控制电极，以及，在所述显示区域中形成阳极。
在一种可能的实施方式中，在本公开实施例提供的像素单元的制造方法中，所述在形成有所述控制电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成透明电极，包括：
在形成有所述调整层的衬底基板上，通过一次构图工艺，在所述非显示区中形成所述透明电极，以及，在所述显示区域中形成阴极。
在一种可能的实施方式中，在本公开实施例提供的像素单元的制造方法中，所述在形成有所述控制电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成调整层，包括：
在形成有所述控制电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成透明电极之后，在形成有所述透明电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成所述调整层；
或者，
所述在形成有所述控制电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成调整层，包括：
在形成有所述控制电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成第一调整层；
在形成有所述第一调整层的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成透明电极之后，在形成有所述透明电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成第二调整层。
第四方面，本公开实施例提供了一种显示面板，所述显示面板包括：在衬底基板上阵列排布的多个如第一方面任一所述的像素单元。
第五方面，本公开实施例提供了一种显示装置，包括如第四方面所述的显示面板。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本公开的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的 前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本公开实施例提供的一种像素单元的结构示意图；
图2为本公开实施例提供的另一种像素单元的结构示意图；
图3为本公开实施例提供的一种像素单元的局部放大示意图；
图4为本公开实施例提供的再一种像素单元的结构示意图；
图5为本公开实施例提供的又一种像素单元的结构示意图；
图6为本公开实施例提供的一种显示控制方法的流程图；
图7为本公开实施例提供的一种像素单元的制造方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本公开的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本公开实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
相关技术中，为了提高该显示面板显示的图像的对比度，通常在显示面板中设置圆偏光片，该圆偏光片会对进入显示面板的部分光进行遮挡，使得透过显示面板的光减少，以通过降低显示面板亮度的方式达到提高图像的对比度的效果。
但是，在像素单元处于显示状态和非显示状态时，该圆偏光片对光产生遮挡作用，导致在像素单元处于非显示状态时显示面板的亮度偏低，因此，该显示面板的发光效率较低。
针对上述问题，本公开实施例提供了像素单元0，如图1所示，该像素单元0包括衬底基板01，位于该衬底基板01上的显示区域A1和非显示区域A2；
位于非显示区域A2的控制电极02、调整层03和透明电极04，调整层03与透明电极04层叠设置，控制电极02位于非显示区域A2的边界处，且控制电极02包围调整层03，控制电极02与调整层03之间存在间隙区域；
调整层03可以包括：带电粒子031，带电粒子031被配置为：在第一电场的控制下，朝向控制电极02移动(移动后的示意图请参考图2)，在第二电 场的控制下，朝向透明电极04移动(移动后的示意图请参考图1)。
控制电极02设置在显示区域A1与非显示区域A2的交界处，且控制电极02的延伸方向平行于像素单元0的出光方向(如图1中虚线箭头所示)，透明电极04的延伸方向垂直于出光方向。
其中，第一电场和第二电场分别为向控制电极02和透明电极04加载信号后形成的电场，且第一电场的方向与第二电场的方向相反。
综上，本公开实施例提供的像素单元，像素单元的非显示区域中设置有控制电极、调整层和透明电极，该调整层中的带电粒子可在电场作用下朝向控制电极或透明电极移动，在该带电粒子朝向透明电极移动后，带电粒子可阻挡进入显示面板的部分光，能够提高显示图像的对比度，在该带电粒子朝向控制电极移动后，带电粒子不会对进入显示面板的光产生遮挡作用，相较于相关技术，在提高显示图像对比度的基础上，保证了像素单元处于非显示状态时显示面板的亮度，进而提高了显示面板的发光效率。
需要说明的是，控制电极与调整层之间需要存在间隙区域，该间隙区域的存在是为了保证控制电极与调整层之间相互绝缘，从而使的控制电极与透明电极在时间预设的电压时形成具有预设方向上的电场，驱动调整层中的带电粒子朝向预设方向移动，以使非显示区域实现遮光或透光。
可选地，在本公开实施例提供的像素单元中，该间隙区域填充有绝缘材料。以更好的保证控制电极与调整层之间的绝缘性。
可选地，在本公开实施例提供的像素单元中，该带电粒子031可以包括：吸光性带电粒子031。示例地，该带电粒子031可以为金属离子或带电纳米粒子。当带电粒子031为吸光性带电粒子031时，在该带电粒子031朝向透明电极04移动后，该带电粒子031不仅可以对进入显示面板的光进行遮挡，还能够吸收进入显示面板的光，以进一步地减少进入显示面板的光，从而进一步地提高显示面板的发光效率。
并且，调整层中的带电粒子031的尺寸至少有两种，即调整层中有至少两种尺寸的带电粒子。当带电粒子031包括多种尺寸的带电粒子031时，请 继续参考图1，该多种尺寸的带电粒子031能够交错排布，在该带电粒子031朝向透明电极04移动后，使得带电粒子031能够尽量平铺在非显示区域A2的出光面上，以尽量多地阻挡进入显示面板的光。以及，当带电粒子031的尺寸有多种时，请继续参考图2，在该带电粒子031朝向控制电极02移动后，该调整层03中所有带电粒子031所占的总体积减小，能够使带电粒子031尽可能不对光进行遮挡，从而进一步地提高显示面板的发光效率。
在一种可实现方式中，请参考图3，图3为非显示区域的局部放大图，调整层03在衬底基板01上的正投影032可以覆盖透明电极04在衬底基板01上的正投影041，且调整层03在衬底基板01上的正投影032与透明电极04在衬底基板01上的正投影021存在非重叠区域。该设置方式能够保证带电粒子031有足够的可移动空间，在该带电粒子031朝向透明电极04移动后，使得带电粒子031能够尽量平铺在非显示区域A2的出光面上，以尽量多地阻挡进入显示面板的光，以及，在该带电粒子031朝向控制电极02移动后，使得带电粒子031能够尽量靠近控制电极02，使带电粒子031尽可能不对光进行遮挡，以进一步地提高显示面板的发光效率。
可选地，在本公开实施例提供的像素单元中，控制电极的高度不小于调整层的高度的一半。
为了保证控制电极与透明电极之间所形成的电场强度，需将控制电极的高度设置为调整层至少一半的高度，若控制电极的高度过小，则控制电极与透明电极之间形成的电场不足以驱动调整层中的带电粒子运动。
可选地，在本公开实施例提供的像素单元中，如图1所示，控制电极02可以与调整层03同层设置。并且，由于控制电极02设置在显示区域A1与非显示区域A2的交界处，该控制电极02与衬底基板01可形成凹陷结构，该调整层03可以设置在该凹陷结构的内部。该设置方式能够保证带电粒子031有足够的可移动空间，进而保证在该带电粒子031朝向透明电极04移动后，能够尽量多地阻挡进入显示面板的光，以及，在该带电粒子031朝向控制电极02移动后，使带电粒子031尽可能不对光进行遮挡，以进一步地提高显示面 板的发光效率。
在本公开实施例中，该透明电极04和调整层03的设置方式可以有多种实现方式，本公开实施例以以下三种可实现方式为例对其进行说明：
第一种可实现方式，请参考图4，透明电极04设置在调整层03靠近衬底基板01的一侧。此时，该透明电极04和该调整层03可以层叠设置在设置有控制电极02的衬底基板01上。
第二种可实现方式，请参考图1或图2，透明电极04设置在调整层03远离衬底基板01的一侧。此时，该调整层03和该透明电极04可以层叠设置在设置有控制电极02的衬底基板01上。
第三种可实现方式，请参考图5，调整层03可以包括：第一调整层033和第二调整层034，第一调整层033设置在透明电极04靠近衬底基板01的一侧，第二调整层034设置在透明电极04远离衬底基板01的一侧。此时，该第一调整层033、该透明电极04和该第二调整层034可以层叠设置在设置有控制电极02的衬底基板01上。
请继续参考图1至图5，像素单元0的显示区域A1中还可以设置有像素界定层05、阳极06、发光层07、阴极08和色阻层09(包括多种颜色的滤光片)等膜层。且像素单元0中还可以形成围堰(DAM)，该围堰用于在制造像素单元0中的膜层时，防止制造膜层的材料在衬底基板01上无意图的扩散。
可选地，该阳极和该控制电极02可以采用同种材料制成。此时，该阳极和该控制电极02可以通过一次工图工艺制成。类似的，该阴极08和该透明电极04可以采用同种材料制成。此时，该阴极08和该透明电极04可以通过一次工图工艺制成。
其中，该像素单元0可以沿远离衬底基板01的方向发光，此时，为了进一步提高显示面板的发光效率，该阳极可以由具有反射功能的材料制成，通过该具有反射功能的阳极反射照射至阳极上的光，能够增加显示面板的出光量，进而提高显示面板的发光效率。
综上，本公开实施例提供的像素单元，该像素单元的非显示区域中设置 有控制电极、调整层和透明电极，该调整层中的带电粒子可在电场作用下朝向控制电极或透明电极移动，在该带电粒子朝向透明电极移动后，带电粒子可阻挡进入显示面板的部分光，能够提高显示图像的对比度，在该带电粒子朝向控制电极移动后，带电粒子不会对进入显示面板的光产生遮挡作用，相较于相关技术，在提高显示图像对比度的基础上，保证了像素单元处于非显示状态时显示面板的亮度，进而提高了显示面板的发光效率。并且，由于相关技术中圆偏光片的使用会影响显示面板的使用寿命，采用本公开实施提供的像素单元后，由于显示面板中无需设置圆偏光片，能够提高显示面板的使用寿命。
本公开实施例提供了显示控制方法，该方法可应用于上述实施例提供的像素单元，且每个像素单元的显示区域中可以包括至少一个亚像素单元。请参考图6，该方法可以包括：
步骤201、对于每个像素单元，获取像素单元中每个亚像素单元的显示状态。
通过获取像素单元中亚像素单元的显示状态，可以根据该显示状态对带电粒子进行联动控制，使得带电粒子在不同的显示状态下按照不同的运动方式进行运动，进而改善显示面板的透过率。
步骤202、当像素单元中任一亚像素单元处于显示状态时，分别向控制电极和透明电极加载用于形成第二电场的信号，使得调整层中带电粒子在第二电场的控制下，朝向透明电极移动。
在像素单元中亚像素单元处于显示状态时，通过控制带电粒子朝向透明电极移动，可以使带电粒子阻挡进入显示面板的光，以减小显示面板的透过率，并通过该减小后的透过率改善用户所看到的图像的显示效果，以达到提高显示的图像的对比度的效果。
在该步骤202中，分别向控制电极和透明电极加载用于形成第二电场的信号的实现过程，可以包括：获取调整层中带电粒子的电性，基于带电粒子的电性，分别向控制电极和透明电极加载用于形成第二电场的信号。
示例地，当该带电粒子为带正电的离子时，可以向透明电极加载正电压信号，向控制电极加载负电压信号，以形成该第二电场。当该带电粒子为带负电的离子时，可以向透明电极加载负电压信号，向控制电极加载正电压信号，以形成该第二电场。
步骤203、当像素单元中所有亚像素单元均处于非显示状态时，分别向控制电极和透明电极加载用于形成第一电场的信号，使得带电粒子在第一电场的控制下，朝向控制电极移动。
其中，该第一电场的方向与该第二电场的方向相反。
在像素单元中亚像素单元处于非显示状态时，通过控制带电粒子朝向控制电极移动，可以使带电粒子尽量少地阻挡进入显示面板的光，或者，使带电粒子不遮挡进入显示面板的光，以增大显示面板的透过率，以便于用户能够透过显示面板更清晰地看见位于该显示面板背面的物体，即提高透明显示的效果。
在该步骤203中，分别向控制电极和透明电极加载用于形成第一电场的信号的实现过程，可以包括：获取调整层中带电粒子的电性，基于带电粒子的电性，分别向控制电极和透明电极加载用于形成第一电场的信号。
示例地，当该带电粒子为带正电的离子时，可以向透明电极加载负电压信号，向控制电极加载正电压信号，以形成该第一电场。当该带电粒子为带负电的离子时，可以向透明电极加载正电压信号，向控制电极加载负电压信号，以形成该第一电场。
综上，本公开实施例提供的显示控制方法，通过根据像素单元中亚像素单元的显示状态，对控制电极和透明电极加载信号，能够根据像素单元的显示状态对带电粒子实现联动控制，使得带电粒子在电场作用下朝向控制电极或透明电极移动，且在该带电粒子朝向透明电极移动后，带电粒子可阻挡进入显示面板的部分光，能够提高显示的图像的对比度，在该带电粒子朝向控制电极移动后，带电粒子不会对进入显示面板的光产生遮挡作用，相较于相关技术，保证了像素单元处于非显示状态时显示面板的亮度，进而提高了显 示面板的发光效率。
本公开实施例提供了像素单元的制造方法，如图7所示，该方法可以包括：
步骤301、在衬底基板上确定显示区域和非显示区域的位置。
在制造像素单元之前，可以提前规划像素单元中显示区域和非显示区域的位置，以便于在规划的位置中形成相应的膜层。其中，该衬底基板可以为透明基板，其可以是柔性基板，或者，可以是采用玻璃、石英、透明树脂、聚酰亚胺(Polyimide，PI)或金属薄片等具有一定硬度的导光材料制成的基板。
步骤302、采用导电材料，在非显示区域的边界处形成控制电极。
其中，形成的控制电极的延伸方向可以平行于像素单元的出光方向，且该控制电极设置在显示区域与非显示区域的交界处。
可以采用磁控溅射、热蒸发或者等离子体增强化学气相沉积法(Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition；PECVD)等方法在衬底基板上沉积一层具有一定厚度的导电材料，得到控制电极膜层，然后通过一次构图工艺对控制电极膜层进行处理得到控制电极。其中，一次构图工艺可以包括：光刻胶涂覆、曝光、显影、刻蚀和光刻胶剥离。可选地，该导电材料可以指一种导电材料，例如该导电材料可以为金属或氧化铟锡(Indium Tin Oxide；ITO)。或者，该导电材料也可以指多种导电材料，例如：该导电材料可以为金属银(Ag)和ITO，采用该金属Ag和ITO形成的控制电极可以为由ITO膜层、金属银Ag膜层和ITO膜层形成的叠层结构。且该控制电极膜层的厚度可以根据实际需要进行设置。
步骤303、采用掺杂有带电粒子的材料，在形成有控制电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成调整层；其中，控制电极包围调整层，且控制电极与调整层之间存在间隙区域；
可以采用涂布等方法，在形成有控制电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成一层具有一定厚度的掺杂有带电粒子的材料，以得到调整层。其中，该调整层的厚度和该掺杂有带电粒子的材料可以根据实际需要进行设置。例如： 该掺杂有带电粒子的材料可以为掺杂有带电纳米粒子的胶，且该胶也可以为粘度小于预设阈值的低粘度胶(例如聚酰亚胺等)。当该胶为低粘度胶时，能够保证带电粒子在电场的控制能够有效地移动。
可选地，由于控制电极设置在显示区域与非显示区域的交界处，该控制电极与衬底基板可形成凹陷结构，因此，步骤303的实现方式可以包括：采用掺杂有带电粒子的材料，在凹陷结构内部形成调整层。该形成调整层的方式能够保证带电粒子有足够的可移动空间，进而保证在该带电粒子朝向透明电极移动后，能够尽量多地阻挡进入显示面板的光，以及，在该带电粒子朝向控制电极移动后，使带电粒子尽可能不对光进行遮挡，以进一步地提高显示面板的发光效率。
步骤304、采用透明导电材料，在形成有控制电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成透明电极，且调整层与透明电极层叠设置。
其中，形成的透明电极的延伸方向可以垂直于出光方向，且调整层与透明电极层叠设置。该带电粒子被配置为：在第一电场的控制下，朝向控制电极移动，在第二电场的控制下，朝向透明电极移动，第一电场和第二电场分别为向控制电极和透明电极加载信号后形成的电场，且第一电场的方向与第二电场的方向相反。
可以采用磁控溅射、热蒸发或者PECVD等方法在衬底基板上沉积一层具有一定厚度的透明导电材料，得到透明电极膜层，然后通过一次构图工艺对透明电极膜层进行处理得到透明电极。其中，一次构图工艺可以包括：光刻胶涂覆、曝光、显影、刻蚀和光刻胶剥离，该透明电极膜层的厚度和该透明导电材料均可以根据实际需要进行设置。例如：透明导电材料可以为金属Ag、金属镁(Mg)或氧化铟锌(Indium zinc oxide；IZO)等。
综上，本公开实施例提供的像素单元的制造方法，通过该方法制造的像素单元的非显示区域中设置有控制电极、调整层和透明电极，该调整层中的带电粒子可在电场作用下朝向控制电极或透明电极移动，在该带电粒子朝向透明电极移动后，带电粒子可阻挡进入显示面板的部分光，能够提高显示的 图像的对比度，在该带电粒子朝向控制电极移动后，带电粒子不会对进入显示面板的光产生遮挡作用，相较于相关技术，保证了像素单元处于非显示状态时显示面板的亮度，进而提高了显示面板的发光效率。
可选地，还可以在显示区域中，通过涂布、曝光和刻蚀等操作形成像素界定层，通过磁控溅射、热蒸发或者PECVD等方法形成阳极，通过蒸镀方式形成发光层，通过磁控溅射、热蒸发或者PECVD等方法形成阴极和色阻层(包括多种颜色的滤光片)等膜层，以及，还可以形成围堰(DAM)，该围堰用于在制造像素单元中的膜层时，防止制造膜层的材料在衬底基板上无意图的扩散。
其中，该阳极和该控制电极可以采用同种材料制成。此时，步骤302的实现方式，可以包括：通过一次构图工艺，在显示区域与非显示区域的交界处形成控制电极，以及，在显示区域中形成阳极。当通过一次构图工艺形成控制电极和阳极时，能够简化像素单元的制造过程。
类似的，该阴极和该透明电极可以采用同种材料制成。此时，步骤304的实现方式，可以包括：在形成有调整层的衬底基板上，通过一次构图工艺，在非显示区中形成透明电极，以及，在显示区域中形成阴极。在该实现方式中，透明电极设置在调整层远离衬底基板的一侧。且当通过一次构图工艺形成透明电极和阴极时，能够简化像素单元的制造过程。
此外，步骤303的实现方式至少还可以包括以下两种可实现方式：
在第一种可实现方式中，步骤303的实现过程可以包括：在形成有控制电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成透明电极之后，在形成有透明电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成调整层。
在第二种可实现方式中，调整层可以包括第一调整层和第二调整层。此时，步骤303的实现过程可以包括：在形成有控制电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成第一调整层。以及，在形成有第一调整层的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成透明电极之后，在形成有透明电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成第二调整层。
综上，本公开实施例提供的像素单元的制造方法，通过该方法制造的像 素单元的非显示区域中设置有控制电极、调整层和透明电极，该调整层中的带电粒子可在电场作用下朝向控制电极或透明电极移动，在该带电粒子朝向透明电极移动后，带电粒子可阻挡进入显示面板的部分光，能够提高显示的图像的对比度，在该带电粒子朝向控制电极移动后，带电粒子不会对进入显示面板的光产生遮挡作用，相较于相关技术，保证了像素单元处于非显示状态时显示面板的亮度，进而提高了显示面板的发光效率。
本公开实施例提供了显示面板，该显示面板可以包括在衬底基板上阵列排布的多个如上述实施例所提供的像素单元。该显示面板可以为：液晶面板、电子纸、有机发光二极管(英文：Organic Light-Emitting Diode，简称：OLED)面板、手机、平板电脑、电视机、显示器、笔记本电脑、数码相框、导航仪等任何具有显示功能的部件。
本公开实施例提供了显示装置，该显示装置包括上述实施例提供的显示面板，该显示装置可以为能够实现透明显示的公共信息显示装置，以实现展示、互动和广告等协同效果。示例地，该显示装置可以为：百货陈列创、冰箱门透视和自动售货机等。
以上仅为本公开的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本公开，凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种像素单元，其中，包括衬底基板，位于所述衬底基板上的显示区域和非显示区域；
    位于所述非显示区域的控制电极、调整层和透明电极，所述调整层与所述透明电极层叠设置，所述控制电极位于所述非显示区域的边界处，且所述控制电极包围所述调整层，所述控制电极与所述调整层之间存在间隙区域；
    所述调整层包括：带电粒子，所述带电粒子被配置为：在第一电场的控制下，朝向所述控制电极移动，在第二电场的控制下，朝向所述透明电极移动，所述第一电场和所述第二电场分别为向所述控制电极和所述透明电极加载信号后形成的电场，且所述第一电场的方向与所述第二电场的方向相反。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的像素单元，其中，所述间隙区域填充有绝缘材料。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的像素单元，其中，
    所述调整层在所述衬底基板上的正投影覆盖所述透明电极在所述衬底基板上的正投影，且所述调整层在所述衬底基板上的正投影与所述透明电极在所述衬底基板上的正投影存在非重叠区域。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的像素单元，其中，所述控制电极的高度不小于所述调整层的高度的一半。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的像素单元，其中，
    所述控制电极与所述调整层同层设置，且所述调整层设置在所述控制电极与所述衬底基板所形成的凹陷结构的内部。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一所述的像素单元，其中，所述透明电极设置在所述调整层靠近所述衬底基板的一侧。
  7. 根据权利要求1至5任一所述的像素单元，其中，所述透明电极设置在所述调整层远离所述衬底基板的一侧。
  8. 根据权利要求1至5任一所述的像素单元，其中，所述调整层包括：第一调整层和第二调整层，所述第一调整层设置在所述透明电极靠近所述衬底基板的一侧，所述第二调整层设置在所述透明电极远离所述衬底基板的一侧。
  9. 根据权利要求1至5任一所述的像素单元，其中，所述带电粒子包括：吸光性带电粒子。
  10. 根据权利要求1至5任一所述的像素单元，其中，所述调整层中带电粒子的尺寸至少有两种。
  11. 一种显示控制方法，其中，所述方法应用于权利要求1至10任一所述的像素单元，每个像素单元的显示区域中包括至少一个亚像素单元，所述方法包括：
    对于每个所述像素单元，获取所述像素单元中每个亚像素单元的显示状态；
    当所述像素单元中任一亚像素单元处于显示状态时，分别向控制电极和透明电极加载用于形成第二电场的信号，使得调整层中带电粒子在所述第二电场的控制下，朝向所述透明电极移动；
    当所述像素单元中所有亚像素单元均处于非显示状态时，分别向所述控制电极和所述透明电极加载用于形成第一电场的信号，使得所述带电粒子在所述第一电场的控制下，朝向所述控制电极移动，且所述第一电场的方向与所述第二电场的方向相反。
  12. 一种像素单元的制造方法，其中，所述方法包括：
    在衬底基板上确定显示区域和非显示区域的位置；
    采用导电材料，在所述非显示区域的边界处形成控制电极；
    采用掺杂有带电粒子的材料，在形成有所述控制电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成调整层；其中，所述控制电极包围所述调整层，且所述控制电极与所述调整层之间存在间隙区域；
    采用透明导电材料，在形成有所述控制电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域 中形成透明电极，且所述调整层与所述透明电极层叠设置；
    其中，所述带电粒子被配置为：在第一电场的控制下，朝向所述控制电极移动，在第二电场的控制下，朝向所述透明电极移动，所述第一电场和所述第二电场分别为向所述控制电极和所述透明电极加载信号后形成的电场，且所述第一电场的方向与所述第二电场的方向相反。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，所述控制电极与所述衬底基板形成凹陷结构，所述采用掺杂有带电粒子的材料，在形成有所述控制电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成调整层，包括：
    采用所述掺杂有带电粒子的材料，在所述凹陷结构内部形成所述调整层。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的方法，其中，所述在所述显示区域与所述非显示区域的交界处形成控制电极，包括：
    通过一次构图工艺，在所述显示区域与所述非显示区域的交界处形成所述控制电极，以及，在所述显示区域中形成阳极。
  15. 根据权利要求12或13所述的方法，其中，所述在形成有所述控制电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成透明电极，包括：
    在形成有所述调整层的衬底基板上，通过一次构图工艺，在所述非显示区中形成所述透明电极，以及，在所述显示区域中形成阴极。
  16. 根据权利要求12或13所述的方法，其中，
    所述在形成有所述控制电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成调整层，包括：
    在形成有所述控制电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成透明电极之后，在形成有所述透明电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成所述调整层；
    或者，
    所述在形成有所述控制电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成调整层，包括：
    在形成有所述控制电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成第一调整层；
    在形成有所述第一调整层的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成透明电极之 后，在形成有所述透明电极的衬底基板上的非显示区域中形成第二调整层。
  17. 一种显示面板，其中，所述显示面板包括：在衬底基板上阵列排布的多个如权利要求1至10任一所述的像素单元。
  18. 一种显示装置，其中，包括如权利要求17所述的显示面板。
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