WO2020001468A1 - 车钩、钩舌及钩体 - Google Patents

车钩、钩舌及钩体 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020001468A1
WO2020001468A1 PCT/CN2019/092973 CN2019092973W WO2020001468A1 WO 2020001468 A1 WO2020001468 A1 WO 2020001468A1 CN 2019092973 W CN2019092973 W CN 2019092973W WO 2020001468 A1 WO2020001468 A1 WO 2020001468A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
traction
hook
tongue
section
impact
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/092973
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孟庆民
崔英俊
王岩
金朋迪
王长春
丛盛国
Original Assignee
中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司 filed Critical 中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司
Priority to BR112020017259-6A priority Critical patent/BR112020017259A2/pt
Priority to CA3090366A priority patent/CA3090366C/en
Priority to US16/975,897 priority patent/US11912316B2/en
Priority to AU2019296794A priority patent/AU2019296794B2/en
Publication of WO2020001468A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020001468A1/zh
Priority to ZA2020/05161A priority patent/ZA202005161B/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
    • B61G3/00—Couplings comprising mating parts of similar shape or form which can be coupled without the use of any additional element or elements
    • B61G3/04—Couplings comprising mating parts of similar shape or form which can be coupled without the use of any additional element or elements with coupling head having a guard arm on one side and a knuckle with angularly-disposed nose and tail portions pivoted to the other side thereof, the nose of the knuckle being the coupling part, and means to lock the knuckle in coupling position, e.g. "A.A.R." or "Janney" type
    • B61G3/06—Knuckle-locking devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
    • B61G3/00—Couplings comprising mating parts of similar shape or form which can be coupled without the use of any additional element or elements
    • B61G3/10—Couplings comprising mating parts of similar shape or form which can be coupled without the use of any additional element or elements with coupling heads in the form of hook-like interengaging rigid jaws, e.g. "Willison" type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
    • B61G3/00—Couplings comprising mating parts of similar shape or form which can be coupled without the use of any additional element or elements
    • B61G3/10—Couplings comprising mating parts of similar shape or form which can be coupled without the use of any additional element or elements with coupling heads in the form of hook-like interengaging rigid jaws, e.g. "Willison" type
    • B61G3/12—Jaw-locking devices

Definitions

  • the coupler is one of the most basic and important components of a railway vehicle. It is installed at both ends of the vehicle and is used to connect two adjacent vehicles and transmit the longitudinal force of the train.
  • couplers There are many types of couplers, but the most widely used couplers are articulated couplers.
  • articulated couplers include parts such as hook body 03, hook tongue 01, hook lock, hook tongue iron, hook pin 02, and other components.
  • the hook 01 can be rotated around the hook pin 02 to realize the opening and closing of the coupler.
  • the main bearing parts inside the coupler are the traction table of the hook tongue 01 and the traction table of the hook body 03.
  • two couplers are connected to realize the connection of two adjacent vehicles.
  • the hook 01 has an upper traction table, a lower traction table, an upper impact table, and a lower impact table.
  • the hook body has a traction platform, an upper impact platform and a lower impact platform.
  • the upper traction table 01a of the hook tongue abuts the upper traction table 03b of the hook body and the lower traction table 01e of the hook tongue abuts the lower traction table 03g of the hook body.
  • the upper impact table 01c of the tongue abuts the upper impact table 03c of the hook body and the lower impact table 01g of the hook tongue abuts the lower impact table 03e of the hook body.
  • the upper traction surface 01b of the hook tongue is in contact with the upper traction surface 03a of the hook body and the lower traction face 01f of the hook tongue is in contact with the lower traction surface 03h of the hook body.
  • the upper impact surface 01d of the hook tongue is in contact with the hook body.
  • the upper impact surface 03d of the contact and abutment and the lower impact surface 01h of the hook tongue contact and abut against the lower impact surface 03f of the hook body, so that the upper and lower traction platforms carry tensile loads and the upper and lower traction platforms carry compression loads.
  • the upper and lower traction surfaces of the hook tongue are arranged side by side in the vertical direction, and the upper and lower traction surfaces on the hook body are also arranged side by side in the vertical direction. That is, cutting the hook tongue in the vertical direction to obtain the same distance between the cross section of the upper and lower traction surface and the pin hole axis on the hook tongue, and also cutting the hook body in the vertical direction to obtain the cross section of the upper and lower traction surface from the hook body.
  • the distance between the upper pin hole axis is equal, and the root of the upper and lower traction table of the hook tongue and the hook body is subject to greater stress.
  • the upper and lower traction surfaces of the hook tongue and the hook body are in the same vertical direction, which further worsens the stress state of the root section of the upper and lower traction platforms of the hook tongue and the hook body, which is more prone to fracture problems and reduces the use of the hook tongue.
  • the service life increases the cost of replacement and maintenance of the coupler and affects the safety of train operation.
  • the first object of the present invention is to provide a hook tongue and a hook body.
  • the structural design of the hook tongue and the hook body can effectively prolong the service life of the hook tongue and reduce the maintenance cost of the coupler.
  • a second object of the invention is to provide a coupler including the above-mentioned hook tongue and hook body.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a hook tongue includes an upper traction table, a lower traction table, an upper impact table, a lower impact table, a pin hole, and a neck.
  • the hook is characterized in that the hook is cut along any vertical plane passing through the axis of the pin hole.
  • the tongue obtains the section R of the traction surface of the upper traction table and the section S of the traction surface of the lower traction table;
  • the angle between the cross section R and the vertical plane is ⁇ , 5 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 15 °;
  • the angle between the section S and the vertical plane is ⁇ , and 5 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 15 °.
  • the traction surface of the lower traction table is inclined in a direction away from the neck portion in a direction gradually away from the neck portion.
  • the point closest to the hook tip and closest to the neck on the traction surface of the upper traction table and the point closest to the hook tip and closest to the neck on the impact surface of the upper impact table are at The distance in the horizontal direction is p;
  • the distance in the horizontal direction between the point closest to the hook tip and closest to the neck on the traction surface of the lower traction table and the point closest to the hook tip and closest to the neck on the impact surface of the lower impact table is q, p ⁇ q.
  • an included angle between the cross section T and the vertical plane is ⁇ 0, 5 ° ⁇ ⁇ 0 ⁇ 15 °;
  • the angle between the section U and the vertical plane is ⁇ 0, and 5 ° ⁇ ⁇ 0 ⁇ 15 °.
  • the horizontal distance between the end of the traction surface of the lower traction table closest to the root and the end of the impact surface of the lower impact table near the root of the lower traction table is q1, p1 ⁇ q1.
  • the traction surface of the upper traction table and / or the lower traction table is divided into an abutment area and a non-abutment area along a direction close to the lock cavity of the hook body.
  • An extension surface of an end near the lock cavity is an M2 surface, and the non-contact area is located on a side of the M2 surface near the pin hole.
  • the upper traction table and the lower traction table of the hook tongue are staggered in the horizontal direction, so that the heads of the upper traction table and the lower traction table of the hook tongue are not in the same vertical direction.
  • the heads of the traction platform and the lower traction platform are both weak parts in the large stress area, thereby realizing the dislocation distribution of the weak parts in the large stress areas of the upper traction platform and the lower traction platform of the hook tongue, which greatly reduces the stress of the upper and lower traction platforms.
  • the offset between the upper traction table and the lower traction table is in the range of 5mm ⁇ 25mm, the shift amount is more reasonable, so that the distance between the traction table and the impact table will not be too close, thereby avoiding the gap between the hook traction table and the impact table.
  • the abrupt change of structure causes the stress state of this part to deteriorate.
  • the hook tongue provided by the present invention can reduce stress, avoid premature fracture of the upper and lower traction platforms, prolong the service life of the hook tongue, reduce maintenance costs, and improve transportation safety and reliability.
  • the offset between the upper traction table and the lower traction table is in the range of 5mm ⁇ 25mm, the offset is more reasonable, so that the distance between the traction table and the impact table will not be too close, thereby avoiding the difference between the hook traction table and the impact table.
  • the abrupt change of structure causes the stress state of this part to deteriorate.
  • the hook body provided by the present invention can reduce stress, avoid premature breakage of the upper and lower traction platforms, prolong the service life of the hook body, reduce maintenance costs, and improve transportation safety and reliability.
  • the present invention further provides a coupler, the coupler comprising any of the above-mentioned hook tongues and hook bodies. Since the above-mentioned hook tongue and the hook body have the above-mentioned technical effects, the coupler having the hook tongue and the hook body should also have corresponding technical effects.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a hook body in the prior art
  • FIG. 6 is another cross-sectional view of a hook body in the prior art
  • FIG. 8 is a top view of a hook tongue according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a bottom view of the hook tongue according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a hook tongue according to an embodiment of the present invention, taken along a vertical plane;
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a hook body according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is another cross-sectional view of a hook body according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a hook body according to an embodiment of the present invention, taken along a vertical plane;
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a hook tongue and a hook body provided according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a top view of a hook tongue according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 17 is a cross-sectional view of a position of a concession area according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of a hook body provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is another cross-sectional view of a hook body provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 201-Hook upper traction table 202-Hook upper impact surface, 204-Hook body pin hole, 205-Hook body lower traction table, 206-Hook body lower impact surface, 208-Hook body lower Traction surface, 209-lock cavity, 210-hook upper traction surface, 211-hook upper impact table, 211a-abutment area, 211b-non-abutment area, 212-hook lower impact table.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide a hook tongue and a hook body.
  • the structure design of the hook tongue and the hook body can effectively extend the life of the hook tongue and reduce the maintenance cost of the coupler.
  • the object is to provide a coupler including the above-mentioned hook tongue and hook body.
  • FIG. 8-10 shows the structure of the hook tongue.
  • the hook provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes an upper traction table 101, a lower traction table 108, an upper impact table 105, a lower impact table 110, a pin hole 104, and a neck portion 102, wherein the pin hole 104 is used to pass through the hook pin.
  • the neck 102 of the hook tongue is located between the upper and lower traction platforms 108 and the upper and lower impact platforms 110.
  • the neck 102 of the hook tongue is located between the upper and lower pull tables 108 of the hook body.
  • the above-mentioned point closest to the neck portion 102 is the point at which the distance from the neck portion 102 on the section R and the section S is the smallest.
  • both the upper traction surface 111 and the lower traction surface 113 are connected to the neck 102 through a smooth transition surface
  • the distance between the connection between the upper traction surface 111 and the smooth transition surface from the neck 102 is the smallest, and the section R and The connection point of the section of the smooth transition surface is closest to the neck 102; similarly, the connection point between the lower traction surface 113 and the smooth transition surface is the smallest distance from the neck 102, and the connection point of the section S and the section of the smooth transition surface is away from the neck. 102 recently.
  • k> m or k ⁇ m may be used, and is not limited herein.
  • the upper traction table 101 and the lower traction table 108 of the hook tongue are arranged in a horizontal direction staggered, so that the heads of the upper traction table 101 and the lower traction table 108 of the hook tongue are not in the same head.
  • the heads of the upper traction table 101 and the lower traction table 108 are weak parts in the large stress area, and the weak parts of the large stress area of the upper traction table 101 and the lower traction table 108 of the hook tongue are dislocated and greatly distributed. The stress on the upper and lower traction tables 108 is reduced.
  • the offset between the upper traction table 101 and the lower traction table 108 is in the range of 5mm to 25mm, the offset is more reasonable, so that the distance between the traction table and the impact table will not be too close, thereby avoiding the difference between the hook traction table and the impact table.
  • the sudden change of the structure caused the stress state of the part to deteriorate.
  • the hook tongue provided by the embodiment of the present invention can reduce stress, avoid premature breakage of the upper and lower traction platforms 108, prolong the service life of the hook tongue, reduce maintenance costs, and improve transportation safety and reliability.
  • an included angle between the cross section R and the vertical plane is ⁇ , and 5 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 15 °.
  • the angle between the section S and the vertical plane is ⁇ , 5 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 15 °. That is, the upper traction surface 111 and the lower traction surface 113 are inclined relative to the vertical surface.
  • the upper traction surface 111 is inclined at an angle ⁇ with respect to the vertical surface, and the lower traction surface 113 is inclined at an angle ⁇ with respect to the vertical surface.
  • the values can be the same or different, which is not limited here.
  • the traction surface of the upper traction table 101 can also be inclined toward the upper impact table 105 in a direction gradually away from the neck 102, and the traction surface of the lower traction table 108 can be approached in a direction gradually away from the neck 102.
  • the direction of the lower impact table 110 is inclined.
  • both the upper traction surface 111 and the lower traction surface 113 may be vertical surfaces, which are not limited herein.
  • the point closest to the hook tip 112 and closest to the neck 102 on the traction surface of the upper traction table 101 and the point closest to the hook tip 112 and closest to the neck 102 on the impact surface of the upper impact table 105 The distance between points in the horizontal direction is p. That is, the point on the upper traction surface 111 closest to the hook tip 112 and closest to the neck 102 is point V, and the point V is the lower end of the side of the upper traction surface 111 near the hook tip 112; the upper impact surface 106 is on the upper tip surface 112 away from the hook tip 112.
  • the closest point to the neck 102 is the W point, which is the lower end of the side of the upper impact surface 106 near the hook tip 112.
  • the distance between the projections of points V and W on the same horizontal plane is p.
  • the distance in the horizontal direction between the point closest to the hook tip 112 and closest to the neck 102 on the traction surface of the lower traction table 108 and the point closest to the hook tip 112 and closest to the neck 102 on the impact surface of the lower impact table 110 is q, p ⁇ q. That is, the point on the lower traction surface 113 closest to the hook tip 112 and closest to the neck 102 is the X point, and the X point is the upper end of the side of the lower traction surface 113 near the hook tip 112; the lower impact surface 107 is on the upper point of the hook tip 112.
  • the point closest to the neck 102 is the Y point, and the Y point is the upper end of the side of the lower impact surface 107 near the hook tip 112.
  • the distance between the projections of points X and Y on the same horizontal plane is q, p ⁇ q.
  • the traction surface of the upper traction table 101 and / or the lower traction table 108 is divided into a contact area 111a and a concession area 111b in a direction gradually approaching the lock surface 115, that is, at least one of the upper traction table 101 and the lower traction table 108
  • the traction surface is divided into a contact area 111a and a concession area 111b, and the concession area 111b is located between the contact area 111a and the lock surface 115, that is, the traction surface is sequentially divided into a contact area 111a and a concession area in a direction gradually approaching the lock surface 115. 111b.
  • the extension surface of the end of the contact area 111 a near the lock surface 115 is the M1 surface, and the concession area 111 b is located on the side of the M1 surface away from the pin hole 104. If the first end of the contact area 111a is connected to the concession area 111b, the M1 surface is an extension surface of the first end of the contact area 111a, and the M1 surface is located between the concession area 111b and the pin hole 104.
  • the cross section of the M1 plane is located between the cross section of the concession region 111 b and the cross section of the pin hole 104.
  • pin hole 104 and the lock surface 115 are the same as the pin hole 104 and the lock surface 115 on the hook tongue in the prior art. Hook tip to the side.
  • the traction surface of the upper traction table 101 of the hook tongue and the traction surface of the upper traction table 201 of the hook body are in contact with each other, and the traction surface of the lower traction table 108 of the hook tongue and The traction surface of the lower traction table 205 of the hook body is in contact with each other, and the traction table of the hook body is located on the side of the traction table of the hook tongue near the pin hole 104.
  • the hook tongue provided by the embodiment of the present invention
  • the concession zone 111b is located on the extension surface of the contact zone 111a away from the pin hole 104
  • the hook tongue provided by the embodiment of the present invention
  • the contact area 111a on the traction surface on the upper traction table 101 and / or the lower traction table 108 and the traction surface on the traction table of the hook body are in close contact with each other and there is no gap between them.
  • the concession area 111b is located between the contact area 111a and the lock surface 115 and there is a gap between the concession area 111b and the traction table of the hook body, and there is no contact, the upper traction table 101 and / or the lower traction of the hook tongue are added.
  • the distance between the edge of the contact area between the platform 108 and the traction table of the hook body from the lock surface 115 makes the distance between the mating contact between the hook and the hook body and the load bearing position from the lock surface 115 and the lock cavity increase.
  • the bearing position is far away from the structural abrupt area, thereby reducing the stress level of the traction table of the hook and the hook body, avoiding the premature breakage of the traction table of the hook and the hook body, and prolonging the service life of the hook and the hook body, At the same time, the maintenance cost of the coupler is reduced.
  • the contact area 111a may be a curved surface, and similarly, the area on the traction surface of the hook body traction table that cooperates with the contact area is also a curved surface. In this way, the hook tongue and the hook body can be prevented from sliding against each other, and displacement and misalignment can occur.
  • the contact region 111a may be a curved surface. Specifically, the contact region 111a may be convex in a direction away from the pin hole 104, and of course, the contact region 111a may be concaved in a direction away from the pin hole 104, which is not limited herein.
  • the concession area 111b may be a curved surface or a flat surface. Since the concession area 111b is not in contact with the traction table of the hook body, the concession area 111b may be of any shape, as long as the hook tongue and the hook body cooperate to retract. It is sufficient that there is a gap between the region 111b and the traction table of the hook body.
  • the minimum distance between the position where the concession area 111b and the contact area 111a is connected to the lock surface 115 is L1, 60 mm ⁇ L1 ⁇ 10 mm. That is, the above minimum distance L1 refers to the minimum value of the vertical distances of all the points on the contact area 111a from the lock surface 115, so that the distance between the matching contact load bearing position of the hook and the hook body and the lock surface 115 is less than or equal to 60 mm and greater than It is equal to 10mm, for example, it can be 12mm, 15mm, etc., which can effectively reduce the stress of the hook traction table.
  • the minimum distance L1 between the position where the concession area 111b and the contact area 111a are connected to the lock surface 115 can also be other values, which is not limited herein.
  • Section T is a line.
  • the traction surface of the upper traction platform 201 is the upper traction surface 210
  • the traction surface of the lower traction platform 205 is the lower traction surface 208. That is, when the hook body is cut along the vertical plane, the vertical plane needs to pass through the axis of the pin hole 204, the upper traction surface 210, and the lower traction surface 208 of the hook body at the same time, so that the cross section T and the cross section U can be obtained.
  • the vertical distance between the point farthest from the lower traction table 205 on the section T and the axis of the pin hole 204 is k0
  • the vertical distance between the point farthest from the upper traction table 201 on the section U and the axis of the pin hole 204 is m0
  • n0
  • the above-mentioned point farthest from the lower traction table 205 is the point where the distance from the lower traction table 205 on the section T is the largest.
  • the point farthest from the upper traction table 201 is the point where the distance from the upper traction table 201 on the section U is the largest.
  • the distance between the connection between the upper traction surface 210 and the smooth transition surface from the lower traction table 205 is the largest,
  • the connection point between the section T and the smooth transition surface is the farthest from the lower traction table 205; similarly, the connection between the lower traction surface 208 and the smooth transition surface is the largest distance from the upper traction table 201, and the section U and the section of the smooth transition surface The connection point is farthest from the upper traction table 201.
  • k0> m0, or k0 ⁇ m0 may be used, which is not limited herein.
  • the upper and lower positions are the same as those of the hook body in normal use.
  • the upper traction table 201 and the lower traction table 205 of the hook body are staggered in the horizontal direction, so that the roots of the upper traction table 201 and the lower traction table 205 of the hook body are not in the same vertical position.
  • the roots of the upper traction table 201 and the lower traction table 205 are weak parts in the large stress area, and the weak parts of the large stress areas of the upper traction table 201 and the lower traction table 205 of the hook body are dislocated and greatly reduced.
  • the stress of the upper and lower traction table 205 is provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the shift amount of the upper traction table 201 and the lower traction table 205 is within a range of 5 mm to 25 mm, and the shift amount is more reasonable, so that the distance between the traction table and the impact table is not too close, thereby avoiding the difference between the hook traction table and the impact table.
  • the sudden change of the structure caused the stress state of the part to deteriorate.
  • the hook body provided by the embodiment of the present invention can reduce stress, avoid premature breakage of the upper and lower traction platforms 205, prolong the service life of the hook body, reduce maintenance costs, and improve transportation safety and reliability.
  • an included angle between the cross-section T and the vertical plane is ⁇ 0, and 5 ° ⁇ ⁇ 0 ⁇ 15 °.
  • the included angle between the section U and the vertical plane is ⁇ 0, 5 ° ⁇ ⁇ 0 ⁇ 15 °. That is, the upper traction surface 210 and the lower traction surface 208 are inclined relative to the vertical surface, the upper traction surface 210 is inclined at an angle ⁇ 0 to the vertical surface, and the lower traction surface 208 is inclined at an angle ⁇ 0, ⁇ 0, and ⁇ 0 to the vertical surface.
  • the values can be the same or different, which is not limited here.
  • the traction surface of the upper traction table 201 gradually inclines from the root to the head toward a direction close to the upper impact table 211, that is, the upper traction surface 210 gradually moves away from the upper impact table 211 in an upward direction.
  • the traction surface of the lower traction table 205 is gradually inclined from the root to the head toward a direction close to the lower impact table 212, that is, the lower traction surface 208 gradually moves away from the lower impact table 212 in a downward direction.
  • the angle setting of the mating surfaces of the upper traction surface 210 and the lower traction surface 208 of the hook body is more reasonable, the stress level of the upper and lower traction table 205 is reduced, the structural strength of the upper and lower traction table 205 of the hook body is increased, and the hook body is avoided.
  • the premature breakage of the traction platform has prolonged the service life of the coupler tongue and body.
  • the traction surface of the upper traction table 201 may gradually incline from the root to the head in a direction away from the upper impact table 211, and the traction surface of the lower traction table 205 may gradually inclined from the root to the head in a direction away from the lower impact table 212.
  • both the upper traction surface 210 and the lower traction surface 208 may be vertical surfaces, which are not limited herein.
  • the root of the upper and lower traction table 205 of the hook body is the end connected to other parts of the hook body, and the head of the upper and lower traction table 205 of the hook body is opposite to or in contact with the neck 102 of the hook One end.
  • the neck 102 of the hook tongue is located between the heads of the upper and lower traction platforms 205 of the hook body.
  • the distance in the horizontal direction between the end of the pulling surface of the upper traction table 201 closest to the root and the end of the impact surface of the upper impact table 211 near the root of the upper traction table 201 is p1. That is, the projection of the end of the upper traction surface 210 closest to the root on the horizontal plane L is point V0, and the projection of the end of the upper impact surface 202 near the root of the upper traction platform 201 on the horizontal plane L is point W0, then points V0 and W0 The distance between them is p1.
  • the horizontal distance between the end of the traction surface of the lower traction table 205 closest to the root and the end of the impact surface of the lower impact table 212 near the root of the lower traction table 205 is q1, p1 ⁇ q1. That is, the projection of the end of the lower traction surface 208 closest to the root on the horizontal plane L is point X0, and the projection of the end of the lower impact surface 206 near the root of the upper traction platform 201 on the horizontal plane L is point Y0, then the point X0 and the point Y0 The distance between them is q1, so p1 ⁇ q1.
  • pin hole 204 and the lock cavity 209 are the same as the pin hole 204 and the lock cavity 209 on the hook body in the prior art.
  • the pin hole 204 is located on the front side of the hook body, and the front side of the hook body is used to communicate with Hook and tongue fit.
  • the abutment region 211a on the traction surface of the upper traction table 201 and / or the lower traction table 205 of the hook body and the traction surface on the traction table of the hook tongue are in close contact with each other and there is no gap between the two.
  • the non-contact area 211b is located on the side of the contact area 211a close to the lock cavity 209 and there is a gap between the non-contact area 211b and the traction table of the hook tongue, and there is no contact, the upper traction table of the hook body is added.
  • the load-bearing position in cooperation with the hook tongue is far away from the structural abrupt area, thereby reducing the stress level of the upper and lower traction tables of the hook body and the hook tongue, avoiding the premature breakage of the traction table of the hook body and the hook tongue, and prolonging the hook body and
  • the service life of the coupler reduces the maintenance cost of the coupler.
  • the direction of the hook body from left to right is perpendicular to the direction of the vehicle.
  • the hook body extends from the left side to the right side and is perpendicular to the pin hole axis as the first extension direction
  • the extension distance from the first end to the second end of the non-contact area 211b along the first extension direction is L2.
  • the distance between the matching contact load bearing position of the hook body and the hook tongue and the lock cavity 209 is greater than 10 mm, for example, 12 mm, 15 mm, etc., thereby effectively reducing the stress of the hook body traction table.
  • the extension distances of the different positions of the first end of the non-contact region 211b along the first extension direction to the different positions of the second end are all L2.
  • the extension distance L2 from the first end to the second end of the non-contact area 211b along the first extension direction may also be other values, which is not limited herein.
  • the abutting region 211a may be a curved surface, and similarly, a region on the traction surface of the hook tongue traction table that cooperates with the abutting region is a curved surface. In this way, the hook body and the hook tongue can be prevented from sliding against each other, and displacement and misalignment can occur.
  • the contact area 211a may be a curved surface.
  • the abutting region 211a may protrude in a direction away from the pin hole 204, and of course, the abutting region 211a may protrude in a direction close to the pin hole 204, which is not limited herein.
  • the abutting area 211a may also be another type of curved surface, such as a part of a spherical surface, or the abutting area 211a may also be a flat surface.
  • the non-contact area 211 b may be specifically an inner wall of a groove provided on a traction surface of the upper traction table 201 and / or the lower traction table 205.
  • a groove can be directly provided on the traction surface of the upper traction table 201 and / or the lower traction table 205, and the operation is simpler and more convenient.
  • the non-contact area 211b may be a curved surface. Since the non-contact area 211b is not in contact with the traction table of the hook tongue, the non-contact area 211b may have any shape, as long as the hook body and the hook tongue are ensured It is sufficient that there is a gap between the non-contact area 211b and the traction table of the hook tongue after the fitting.
  • non-contact area 211b may be a curved surface or a plane, which is not limited herein.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a coupler, including a hook tongue and a hook body, where the hook tongue is the hook tongue of any one of the embodiments described above, and the hook body is the hook body of any of the foregoing embodiments. Since the coupler uses the hook tongue and the hook body in the above embodiment, for the beneficial effects of the coupler, please refer to the above embodiment.

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Abstract

提供了一种车钩、钩舌及钩体，将钩舌（01）和钩体（03）的上牵引台（101）和下牵引台（108）在水平方向上相错设置，沿着过所述销孔（104）轴线的任一竖直面剖切该钩舌得到所述上牵引台（101）牵引面的断面R和所述下牵引台（108）牵引面的断面S；所述断面R上最靠近所述颈部（102）的点与所述销孔（104）的轴线之间的垂直距离为k，所述断面S上最靠近所述颈部（102）的点与所述销孔（104）的轴线之间的垂直距离为m，则n＝|k-m|，10mm≤n≤25mm，从而避免了钩舌和钩体的上牵引台和下牵引台的头部处于同一竖直方向上，进而实现了钩舌的上牵引台和下牵引台的大应力区薄弱部位错位分布，大大降低了上下牵引台的应力。另外，上牵引台和下牵引台的错移量5mm～25mm范围内，错移量更合理，使牵引台与冲击台距离不会过近，进而避免了牵引台与冲击台之间的结构陡变而引起该部位受力状态恶化。综上，提供的钩舌和钩体能够降低应力，避免上下牵引台过早发生断裂问题，延长钩舌的使用寿命，减少了维护成本，提高运输安全可靠性。

Description

车钩、钩舌及钩体 技术领域
本申请要求于2018年06月29日提交中国专利局、申请号为201810701432.3、发明名称为“车钩、钩舌及钩体”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及铁道交通技术领域，更具体地说，涉及一种车钩、钩舌及钩体。
背景技术
车钩是铁道车辆最基本的也是最重要的部件之一，其安装于车辆的两端，用于连接相邻的两节车辆以及传递列车纵向力。车钩的种类较多，但应用最广泛的车钩为关节式车钩，如图1所示，关节式车钩包括钩体03、钩舌01、钩锁、钩舌推铁、钩舌销02等零部件，钩舌01可绕钩舌销02转动实现车钩的开闭。车钩内部的主要承载部位是钩舌01的牵引台和钩体03的牵引台。如图2所示，两个车钩连挂实现相邻的两节车辆的连接。
目前，如图3-4所示，钩舌01上具有上牵引台、下牵引台、上冲击台和下冲击台。如图5-6所示，钩体上具有牵引台、下牵引台上冲击台和下冲击台。如图7所示，钩舌与钩体配合时，钩舌的上牵引台01a与钩体的上牵引台03b相抵且钩舌的下牵引台01e与钩体的下牵引台03g相抵，同时钩舌的上冲击台01c与钩体的上冲击台03c相抵且钩舌的下冲击台01g与钩体的下冲击台03e相抵。进而钩舌的上牵引面01b与钩体的上牵引面03a接触并相抵且钩舌的下牵引面01f与钩体的下牵引面03h接触并相抵，同时钩舌的上冲击面01d与钩体的上冲击面03d接触并相抵且钩舌的下冲击面01h与钩体的下冲击面03f接触并相抵，以实现上下牵引台承载拉伸载荷，上下牵引台承载压缩载荷。
从图7中可以看出，钩舌的上下牵引面沿着竖直方向并排设置，钩体上的上下牵引面也沿着竖直并排设置。即沿着竖直方向剖切钩舌得到其上下牵引面的断面距钩舌上的销孔轴线的距离相等，同样地沿着竖直方向剖切钩体得到其上下牵引面的断面距钩体上的销孔轴线的距离相等，且钩舌和钩体的上下牵引台的根部所受应力较大。如此，钩舌和钩体的上下牵引面上下处于同一竖直方向内，这样更加恶化了钩舌和钩体的上下牵引台根部断面的受力状态，更易产生断裂问题，降低了钩舌的使用寿命，增加了车钩的更换与检修成本，影响列车的运行安全。
综上所述，如何有效地延长钩舌的使用寿命且降低车钩的维护成本，是目前本领域技术人员急需解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种钩舌和一种钩体，该钩舌和钩体的结构设计可以有效地延长钩舌的使用寿命且降低车钩的维护成本，本发明的第二个目的是提供一种包括上述钩舌和钩体的车钩。
为了达到上述第一个目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种钩舌，包括上牵引台、下牵引台、上冲击台、下冲击台、销孔和颈部，其特征在于，沿着过所述销孔轴线的任一竖直面剖切该钩舌得到所述上牵引台牵引面的断面R和所述下牵引台牵引面的断面S；
所述断面R上最靠近所述颈部的点与所述销孔的轴线之间的垂直距离为k，所述断面S上最靠近所述颈部的点与所述销孔的轴线之间的垂直距离为m，则n＝|k-m|，10mm≤n≤25mm。
优选地，上述钩舌中，所述断面R与竖直面之间的夹角为α，5°≤α≤15°；
所述断面S与竖直面之间的夹角为β，5°≤β≤15°。
优选地，上述钩舌中，所述上牵引台的牵引面沿着逐渐远离所述颈部的方向向远离所述上冲击台的方向倾斜；
所述下牵引台的牵引面沿着逐渐远离所述颈部的方向向远离所述下冲击台的方向倾斜。
优选地，上述钩舌中，所述上牵引台牵引面上的最靠近钩尖且最靠近颈部的点与所述上冲击台冲击面上的最靠近钩尖且最靠近颈部的点在水平方向上的距离为p；
所述下牵引台牵引面上的最靠近钩尖且最靠近颈部的点与所述下冲击台冲击面上的最靠近钩尖且最靠近颈部的点在水平方向上的距离为q，p＜q。
优选地，上述钩舌中，所述上牵引台的牵引面和/或下牵引台的牵引面沿着靠近该钩舌的锁面的方向分为接触区和退让区，所述接触区的靠近所述锁面的一端的延伸面为M1面，则所述退让区位于所述M1面的远离所述销孔的一侧。
一种钩体，包括上牵引台、下牵引台、上冲击台、下冲击台、销孔和锁腔，沿着过所述销孔轴线的任一竖直面剖切该钩体得到所述上牵引台牵引面的断面T和所述下牵引台牵引面的断面U；
所述断面T上最远离所述下牵引台的点与所述销孔的轴线之间的垂直距离为k0，所述断面U上最远离所述上牵引台的点与所述销孔的轴线之间的垂直距离为m0，则n0＝|k0-m0|，10mm≤n0≤25mm。
优选地，上述钩体中，所述断面T与竖直面之间的夹角为α0，5°≤α0≤15°；
所述断面U与竖直面之间的夹角为β0，5°≤β0≤15°。
优选地，上述钩体中，所述上牵引台牵引面最靠近根部的一端与所述上冲击台冲击面的靠近所述上牵引台根部的一端在水平方向上的距离为p1；
所述下牵引台牵引面最靠近根部的一端与所述下冲击台冲击面的靠近所述下牵引台根部的一端在水平方向上的距离为q1，p1＜q1。
优选地，上述钩体中，所述上牵引台和/或下牵引台的牵引面沿着靠近该钩体的锁腔的方向分为抵接区和非抵接区，所述抵接区的靠近所述锁腔的一端的延伸面为M2面，则所述非抵接区位于所述M2面的靠近所述销孔的一侧。
一种车钩，包括钩舌和钩体，所述钩舌为如上述中任一项所述的钩舌，所述钩体为如上述中任一项所述的钩体。
本发明提供的钩舌中，将钩舌的上牵引台和下牵引台在水平方向上相错设置，避免了钩舌的上牵引台和下牵引台的头部处于同一竖直方向上，上牵引台和下牵引台的头部均为大应力区薄弱部位，进而实现了钩舌的上牵引台和下牵引台的大应力区薄弱部位错位分布，大大降低了上下牵引台的应力。另外，上牵引台和下牵引台的错移量5mm～25mm范围内，错移量更合理，使牵引台与冲击台距离不会过近，进而避免了钩舌牵引台与冲击台之间的结构陡变而引起该部位受力状态恶化。综上，本发明提供的钩舌能够降低应力，避免上下牵引台过早发生断裂问题，延长钩舌的使用寿命，减少了维护成本，提高运输安全可靠性。
本发明提供的钩体中，将钩体的上牵引台和下牵引台在水平方向上相错设置，避免了钩体的上牵引台和下牵引台的根部处于同一竖直方向上，上牵引台和下牵引台的根部均为大应力区薄弱部位，进而实现了钩体的上牵引台和下牵引台的大应力区薄弱部位错位分布，大大降低了上下牵引台的应力。另外，上牵引台和下牵引台的错移量5mm～25mm范围内，错移量更合理，使牵引台与冲击台距离不会过近，进而避免了钩体牵引台与冲击台之间的结构陡变而引起该部位受力状态恶化。综上，本发明提供的钩体能够降低应力，避免上下牵引台过早发生断裂问题，延长钩体的使用寿命，减少了维护成本，提高运输安全可靠性。
为了达到上述第二个目的，本发明还提供了一种车钩，该车钩包括上述任一种钩舌和钩体。由于上述的钩舌和钩体具有上述技术效果，具有该钩舌和钩体的车钩也应具有相应的技术效果。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述 中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为现有技术中单个车钩的结构示意图；
图2为现有技术中两个车钩处于连挂状态时的示意图；
图3为现有技术中钩舌的俯视图；
图4为现有技术中钩舌的仰视图；
图5为现有技术中钩体的剖视图；
图6为现有技术中钩体的另一剖视图；
图7中为现有技术中的钩舌和钩体配合的剖视图；
图8为本发明实施例提供的钩舌的俯视图；
图9为本发明实施例提供的钩舌的仰视图；
图10为本发明实施例提供的钩舌沿着竖直面剖切的剖视图；
图11为本发明实施例提供的钩体的剖视图；
图12为本发明实施例提供的钩体的另一剖视图；
图13为本发明实施例提供的钩体沿着竖直面剖切的剖视图；
图14为本发明实施例提供的钩舌与钩体配合的剖视图；
图15为本发明实施例提供的钩舌的俯视图；
图16为本发明实施例提供的钩舌的仰视图；
图17为本发明实施例提供的退让区位置的剖视图；
图18为本发明实施例中提供的钩体的一种剖视图；
图19为本发明实施例中提供的钩体的另一种剖视图。
在图1-7中：
01-钩舌、01a-钩舌的上牵引台、01b-钩舌的上牵引面、01c-钩舌的上冲击台、01d-钩舌的上冲击面、01e-钩舌的下牵引台、01f-钩舌的下牵引面、01g-钩舌的下冲击台、01h-钩舌的下冲击面、02-钩舌销、03-钩体、03a-钩体的上牵引面、03b-钩体的上牵引台、03c-钩体的上冲击台、03d-钩体的上冲击面、03e-钩体的下冲击台、03f-钩体的下冲击面、03g-钩体的下牵引台、03h-钩体的下牵引面；
在图8-19中：
101-钩舌的上牵引台、102-颈部、104-钩舌的销孔、105-钩舌的上冲击台、106-钩舌的上冲击面、107-钩舌的下冲击面、108-钩舌的下牵引台、110-钩舌的下冲击台、111-钩舌的上牵引面、111a-接触区、111b-退让区、112-钩尖、113-钩舌的下牵引面、115-锁面、116-钩舌销；
201-钩体的上牵引台、202-钩体的上冲击面、204-钩体的销孔、205-钩体的下牵引台、206-钩体的下冲击面、208-钩体的下牵引面、209-锁腔、210-钩体的上牵引面、211-钩体的上冲击台、211a-抵接区、211b-非抵接区、212-钩体的下冲击台。
具体实施方式
本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种钩舌和一种钩体，该钩舌和钩体的结构设计可以有效地延长钩舌的使用寿命且降低车钩的维护成本，本发明的第二个目的是提供一种包括上述钩舌和钩体的车钩。
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”和“右”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的位置或元件必须具有特定方位、以特定的方位构成和操作，因此不能理解为本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
请参阅图8-图10，图8-10为钩舌的结构。本发明实施例提供的钩舌包括上牵引台101、下牵引台108、上冲击台105、下冲击台110、销孔104和颈部102，其中销孔104用于穿过钩舌销。钩舌的颈部102位于上下牵引台108与上下冲击台110之间，钩舌与钩体配合时，钩舌的颈部102位于钩体的上下牵 引台108之间。
重点在于，沿着过钩舌的销孔104轴线的任一竖直面剖切该钩舌得到上牵引台101牵引面的断面R和下牵引台108牵引面的断面S，该处断面R和断面S均为线条。上牵引台101牵引面即为上牵引面111，下牵引台108牵引面即为下牵引面113。即沿着竖直面剖切钩舌时，竖直面需同时过钩舌的销孔104轴线、上牵引面111和下牵引面113，如此才可以得到断面R和断面S。
断面R上最靠近颈部102的点与销孔104的轴线之间的垂直距离为k，断面S上最靠近颈部102的点与销孔104的轴线之间的垂直距离为m，则n＝|k-m|，10mm≤n≤25mm。上述最靠近颈部102的点即为断面R和断面S上距颈部102的距离最小的点。需要说明的是，当上牵引面111和下牵引面113均通过圆滑过渡面与颈部102连接时，则上牵引面111与圆滑过渡面的连接处距颈部102的距离最小，断面R与圆滑过渡面的断面的连接点距颈部102最近；同样地，下牵引面113与圆滑过渡面的连接处距颈部102的距离最小，断面S与圆滑过渡面的断面的连接点距颈部102最近。
上述实施例中，k＞m，或者k＜m，都可以，在此不作限定。
或者，也可以说断面R的下端点与销孔104的轴线之间的垂直距离为k和断面S的上端点与销孔104的轴线之间的垂直距离为m，则n＝|k-m|，10mm≤n≤25mm。各实施例中，上下均与钩舌处于正常使用时上下方位相同。
本发明实施例提供的钩舌中，将钩舌的上牵引台101和下牵引台108在水平方向上相错设置，避免了钩舌的上牵引台101和下牵引台108的头部处于同一竖直方向上，上牵引台101和下牵引台108的头部均为大应力区薄弱部位，进而实现了钩舌的上牵引台101和下牵引台108的大应力区薄弱部位错位分布，大大降低了上下牵引台108的应力。另外，上牵引台101和下牵引台108的错移量5mm～25mm范围内，错移量更合理，使牵引台与冲击台距离不会过近，进而避免了钩舌牵引台与冲击台之间的结构陡变而引起该部位受力状态恶化。综上，本发明实施例提供的钩舌能够降低应力，避免上下牵引台108过早发生断裂问题，延长钩舌的使用寿命，减少了维护成本，提高运输安全可靠性。
在一具体实施例中，断面R与竖直面之间的夹角为α，5°≤α≤15°。 断面S与竖直面之间的夹角为β，5°≤β≤15°。即上牵引面111和下牵引面113相对于竖直面倾斜设置，上牵引面111相对于竖直面倾斜角度为α，下牵引面113相对于竖直面倾斜角度为β，α和β的值可以相同，也可以不同，在此不作限定。
进一步地，上牵引台101的牵引面沿着逐渐远离颈部102的方向向远离上冲击台105的方向倾斜，即上牵引面111沿着向上的方向逐渐远离上冲击台105。下牵引台108的牵引面沿着逐渐远离颈部102的方向向远离所述下冲击台110的方向倾斜，即下牵引面113沿着向下的方向逐渐远离下冲击台110。该实施例中通过使钩舌上牵引面111和下牵引面113配合面角度设置更加合理，降低上下牵引台108的应力水平，提高钩舌的上下牵引台108部位的结构强度，避免钩舌的牵引台过早发生断裂问题，延长车钩钩舌和钩体的使用寿命。
当然，也可以上牵引台101的牵引面沿着逐渐远离颈部102的方向向靠近上冲击台105的方向倾斜，下牵引台108的牵引面沿着逐渐远离颈部102的方向向靠近所述下冲击台110的方向倾斜。或者，上牵引面111和下牵引面113也可以均为竖直面，在此不作限定。
在另一具体实施例中，上牵引台101牵引面上的最靠近钩尖112且最靠近颈部102的点与上冲击台105冲击面上的最靠近钩尖112且最靠近颈部102的点在水平方向上的距离为p。即上牵引面111上距钩尖112最近且距颈部102最近的点为V点，V点为上牵引面111靠近钩尖112的一侧的下端点；上冲击面106上距钩尖112最近且距颈部102最近的点为W点，W点为上冲击面106靠近钩尖112的一侧的下端点。V点和W点在同一水平面上的投影之间的距离为p。
下牵引台108牵引面上的最靠近钩尖112且最靠近颈部102的点与下冲击台110冲击面上的最靠近钩尖112且最靠近颈部102的点在水平方向上的距离为q，p＜q。即下牵引面113上距钩尖112最近且距颈部102最近的点为X点，X点为下牵引面113靠近钩尖112的一侧的上端点；下冲击面107上距钩尖112最近且距颈部102最近的点为Y点，Y点为下冲击面107靠近钩尖112的一侧的上端点。X点和Y点在同一水平面上的投影之间的距离为q，p＜q。如此 设置，可避免钩舌的牵引台与冲击台之间距离减小而导致牵引台壁厚减小以及钩舌的牵引台的结构强度降低，保证钩舌牵引台与冲击台之间部位的结构强度。
本发明实施例提供的钩舌包括上牵引台101、下牵引台108、锁面115和销孔104，其中锁面115用于与钩锁抵接以使钩舌不能围绕钩舌销116转动，销孔104用于穿过钩舌销116。重点在于，上牵引台101和/或下牵引台108的牵引面沿着逐渐靠近锁面115的方向分为接触区111a和退让区111b，即上牵引台101和下牵引台108中的至少一个的牵引面分为接触区111a和退让区111b，并且退让区111b位于接触区111a和锁面115之间，即牵引面上沿着逐渐靠近锁面115的方向依次分为接触区111a和退让区111b。
另外，接触区111a的靠近锁面115的一端的延伸面为M1面，则退让区111b位于M1面的远离销孔104的一侧。若接触区111a的第一端与退让区111b连接，则上述M1面即为接触区111a的第一端的延伸面，并且M1面位于退让区111b与销孔104之间。当上述钩舌处于正常使用状态时，沿着水平面剖切钩舌得到的M1面的截面、接触区111a的截面和退让区111b的截面，M1面的截面为接触区111a的截面的延长线，M1面的截面位于退让区111b的截面和销孔104的截面之间。
需要说明的是，上述销孔104和锁面115与现有技术中的钩舌上的销孔104和锁面115相同，销孔104位于上牵引台101和下牵引台108的靠近钩舌的钩尖的一侧。
应用本发明实施例提供的钩舌与钩体配合时，钩舌的上牵引台101的牵引面与钩体的上牵引台201的牵引面接触相抵，钩舌的下牵引台108的牵引面与钩体的下牵引台205的牵引面接触相抵，并且钩体的牵引台位于钩舌的牵引台的靠近销孔104的一侧。由于钩舌的上牵引台101和/或下牵引台108上设置有退让区111b，且退让区111b位于接触区111a延伸面的远离销孔104的一侧，因此本发明实施例提供的钩舌与钩体配合时，钩舌的上牵引台101和/或下牵引台108上的牵引面上的退让区111b与钩体的牵引台上的牵引面之间具有间隙不能接 触，同时钩舌的上牵引台101和/或下牵引台108上的牵引面上的接触区111a与钩体的牵引台上的牵引面相互贴合接触且两者不具有间隙。
如此设置，由于退让区111b位于接触区111a和锁面115之间且退让区111b与钩体的牵引台之间具有间隙且不接触，故增加了钩舌的上牵引台101和/或下牵引台108与钩体的牵引台接触区域的边缘距锁面115的距离，使得钩舌和钩体的配合接触承载位置距锁面115和锁腔的距离增加，进而钩舌和钩体的配合接触承载位置远离了结构突变区域，从而降低了钩舌和钩体的上下牵引台应力水平，避免了钩舌和钩体的牵引台过早发生断裂问题，延长了钩舌和钩体的使用寿命，同时降低了车钩的维护成本。
为了防止钩舌与钩体配合时发生错位，接触区111a可以为曲面，同样地钩体牵引台的牵引面上与接触区配合的区域也为曲面。如此可以防止钩舌与钩体相互滑动，发生偏移错位。
另外，接触区111a也可以为弧面。具体地，并且接触区111a可以朝向远离销孔104的方向凸起，当然接触区111a也可以朝向远离销孔104的方向凹陷，在此不作限定。
接触区111a还可以为其它类型的曲面，比如球面的局部，或者接触区111a还可以为平面。
在另一具体实施例中，退让区111b可以为弧面或平面，由于退让区111b不与钩体的牵引台接触，因此退让区111b可以为任意形状，只要保证钩舌与钩体配合后退让区111b与钩体的牵引台之间具有间隙即可。
优选地，退让区111b与接触区111a连接的位置距锁面115的最小距离为L1，60mm≥L1≥10mm。即上述最小距离L1是指接触区111a上的所有点距锁面115的垂直距离中的最小值，如此保证了钩舌和钩体的配合接触承载位置距锁面115的距离小于等于60mm且大于等于10mm，比如可以为12mm、15mm等，进而有效降低了钩舌牵引台的应力。
当然，根据实际情况退让区111b与接触区111a连接的位置距锁面115的最小距离L1还可以为其它值，在此不作限定。
请参阅图11-图13，图11-13为钩体的结构。本发明实施例提供的钩体包 括上牵引台201、下牵引台205、上冲击台211、下冲击台212、销孔204和锁腔209，其中锁腔209用于容纳钩锁，以实现钩舌能够围绕钩舌销转动。
重点在于，沿着过钩体的销孔204轴线的任一竖直面剖切该钩体得到上牵引台201牵引面的断面T和下牵引台205牵引面的断面U，该处断面T和断面U均为线条。上牵引台201牵引面即为上牵引面210，下牵引台205牵引面即为下牵引面208。即沿着竖直面剖切钩体时，竖直面需同时过钩体的销孔204轴线、上牵引面210和下牵引面208，如此才可以得到断面T和断面U。
断面T上最远离下牵引台205的点与销孔204的轴线之间的垂直距离为k0，断面U上最远离上牵引台201的点与销孔204的轴线之间的垂直距离为m0，则n0＝|k0-m0|，10mm≤n0≤25mm。上述最远离下牵引台205的点即为断面T上距下牵引台205的距离最大的点。最远离上牵引台201的点即为断面U上距上牵引台201的距离最大的点。需要说明的是，当上牵引面210和下牵引面208均通过圆滑过渡面与钩体的其它位置连接时，则上牵引面210与圆滑过渡面的连接处距下牵引台205的距离最大，断面T与圆滑过渡面的断面的连接点距下牵引台205最远；同样地，下牵引面208与圆滑过渡面的连接处距上牵引台201的距离最大，断面U与圆滑过渡面的断面的连接点距上牵引台201最远。
上述实施例中，k0＞m0，或者k0＜m0，都可以，在此不作限定。
或者，也可以说断面T的上端点与销孔204的轴线之间的垂直距离为k0和断面U的下端点与销孔204的轴线之间的垂直距离为m0，则n0＝|k0-m0|，10mm≤n0≤25mm。各实施例中，上下均与钩体处于正常使用时上下方位相同。
本发明实施例提供的钩体中，将钩体的上牵引台201和下牵引台205在水平方向上相错设置，避免了钩体的上牵引台201和下牵引台205的根部处于同一竖直方向上，上牵引台201和下牵引台205的根部均为大应力区薄弱部位，进而实现了钩体的上牵引台201和下牵引台205的大应力区薄弱部位错位分布，大大降低了上下牵引台205的应力。另外，上牵引台201和下牵引台205的错移量5mm～25mm范围内，错移量更合理，使牵引台与冲击台距离不会过 近，进而避免了钩体牵引台与冲击台之间的结构陡变而引起该部位受力状态恶化。综上，本发明实施例提供的钩体能够降低应力，避免上下牵引台205过早发生断裂问题，延长钩体的使用寿命，减少了维护成本，提高运输安全可靠性。
在一具体实施例中，断面T与竖直面之间的夹角为α0，5°≤α0≤15°。断面U与竖直面之间的夹角为β0，5°≤β0≤15°。即上牵引面210和下牵引面208相对于竖直面倾斜设置，上牵引面210相对于竖直面倾斜角度为α0，下牵引面208相对于竖直面倾斜角度为β0，α0和β0的值可以相同，也可以不同，在此不作限定。
进一步地，上牵引台201的牵引面从根部至头部逐渐向靠近上冲击台211的方向倾斜，即上牵引面210沿着向上的方向逐渐远离上冲击台211。下牵引台205的牵引面从根部至头部逐渐向靠近下冲击台212的方向倾斜，即下牵引面208沿着向下的方向逐渐远离下冲击台212。该实施例中通过使钩体的上牵引面210和下牵引面208配合面角度设置更加合理，降低上下牵引台205的应力水平，提高钩体的上下牵引台205部位的结构强度，避免钩体的牵引台过早发生断裂问题，延长车钩钩舌和钩体的使用寿命。
当然，也可以上牵引台201的牵引面从根部至头部逐渐向远离上冲击台211的方向倾斜，下牵引台205的牵引面从根部至头部逐渐向远离下冲击台212的方向倾斜。或者，上牵引面210和下牵引面208也可以均为竖直面，在此不作限定。
需要说明的是，钩体的上下牵引台205的根部即为其与钩体其它部位相连的一端，钩体的上下牵引台205的头部即为其与钩舌的颈部102相对或接触的一端。钩舌与钩体配合后，钩舌的颈部102位于钩体的上下牵引台205的头部之间。
优选地，上牵引台201牵引面最靠近根部的一端与上冲击台211冲击面的靠近上牵引台201根部的一端在水平方向上的距离为p1。即上牵引面210的最靠近根部的一端在水平面L上的投影为点V0，上冲击面202的靠近上牵引台201根部的一端在水平面L上的投影为点W0，则点V0和点W0之间的距离为p1。
下牵引台205牵引面最靠近根部的一端与下冲击台212冲击面的靠近下牵引台205根部的一端在水平方向上的距离为q1，p1＜q1。即下牵引面208的最靠近根部的一端在水平面L上的投影为点X0，下冲击面206的靠近上牵引台201根部的一端在水平面L上的投影为点Y0，则点X0和点Y0之间的距离为q1，则p1＜q1。
本发明实施例提供的钩体包括上牵引台201、下牵引台205、锁腔209和销孔204，其中锁腔209用于容纳钩锁以使钩舌能够围绕钩舌销116转动，销孔204用于穿过钩舌销116。重点在于，上牵引台201和/或下牵引台205的牵引面沿着逐渐靠近锁腔209的方向分为抵接区211a和非抵接区211b，即上牵引台201和下牵引台205中的至少一个的牵引面分为抵接区211和非抵接区211b，并且非抵接区211b比抵接区211a更加靠近锁腔209，即牵引面上沿着逐渐靠近锁腔209的方向依次分为抵接区211a和非抵接区211b。
另外，抵接区211a的靠近锁腔209的一端的延伸面为M2面，则非抵接区211b位于M2面的靠近销孔204的一侧。若抵接区211a的第一端与非抵接区211b连接，则上述M2面即为抵接区211a的第一端的延伸面，并且非抵接区211b位于M2面与销孔204之间。当上述钩体处于正常使用状态时，沿着水平面剖切钩体得到的M2面的截面、抵接区211a的截面和非抵接区211b的截面，M2面的截面为抵接区211a的截面的延长线，非抵接区211b的截面位于M2面的截面和销孔204的截面之间。
需要说明的是，上述销孔204和锁腔209与现有技术中的钩体上的销孔204和锁腔209相同，销孔204位于钩体的前侧，钩体的前侧用于与钩舌配合。
应用本发明实施例提供的钩体与钩舌配合时，钩体的上牵引台201的牵引面与钩舌的上牵引台101的牵引面接触相抵，钩体的下牵引台205的牵引面与钩舌的下牵引台108的牵引面接触相抵，并且钩体的牵引台位于钩舌的牵引台的靠近销孔204的一侧。由于钩体的上牵引台201和/或下牵引台205上设置有非抵接区211b，且非抵接区211b位于抵接区211a延伸面的靠近销孔204的一侧，因此本发明实施例提供的钩体与钩舌配合时，钩体的上牵引台201和/或下牵引台205上的牵引面上的非抵接区211b与钩舌的牵引台上的牵引面之间具有间隙不 能接触，同时钩体的上牵引台201和/或下牵引台205上的牵引面上的抵接区211a与钩舌的牵引台上的牵引面相互贴合接触且两者不具有间隙。
如此设置，由于非抵接区211b位于抵接区211a靠近锁腔209的一侧且非抵接区211b与钩舌的牵引台之间具有间隙且不接触，故增加了钩体的上牵引台201和/或下牵引台205与钩舌的牵引台接触区域的边缘距锁腔209的距离，使得钩体和钩舌的配合接触承载位置距锁腔209和锁面的距离增加，进而钩体和钩舌的配合接触承载位置远离了结构突变区域，从而降低了钩体和钩舌的上下牵引台应力水平，避免了钩体和钩舌的牵引台过早发生断裂问题，延长了钩体和钩舌的使用寿命，同时降低了车钩的维护成本。
在一具体实施例中，非抵接区211b的第一端与抵接区211a连接且第二端远离抵接区，即非抵接区211b沿着靠近锁腔209的方向的两端分别为第一端和第二端，其中第一端与抵接区211a连接，第二端比第一端远离抵接区211a。该钩体的前侧用于与钩舌配合，该钩体的后侧用于与车辆配合连接，该钩体处于正常使用状态时，其左侧和右侧与车辆的左侧和右侧一致，即该钩体沿着左侧至右侧的方向与车辆行驶的方向垂直。其中，该钩体沿着左侧至右侧且垂直于销孔轴线的方向为第一延伸方向，非抵接区211b的第一端至第二端沿着第一延伸方向的延伸距离为L2，L2＞10mm。如此保证了钩体和钩舌的配合接触承载位置距锁腔209的距离大于10mm，比如可以为12mm、15mm等，进而有效降低了钩体牵引台的应力。具体地，非抵接区211b的第一端的不同位置沿着第一延伸方向至第二端的不同位置的延伸距离均为L2。
当然，根据实际情况非抵接区211b的第一端至第二端沿着第一延伸方向的延伸距离L2还可以为其它值，在此不作限定。
为了防止钩体与钩舌配合时发生错位，抵接区211a可以为曲面，同样地钩舌牵引台的牵引面上与抵接区配合的区域也为曲面。如此可以防止钩体与钩舌相互滑动，发生偏移错位。
另外，抵接区211a也可以为弧面。具体地，并且抵接区211a可以朝向远离销孔204的方向凸起，当然抵接区211a也可以朝向靠近销孔204的方向凸起，在此不作限定。
抵接区211a还可以为其它类型的曲面，比如球面的局部，或者抵接区211a还可以为平面。
优选地，非抵接区211b可以具体为设置于上牵引台201和/或下牵引台205的牵引面上的凹槽的内壁。如此直接在上牵引台201和/或下牵引台205的牵引面上开设凹槽即可，操作更加简单便捷。
在另一具体实施例中，非抵接区211b可以为曲面，由于非抵接区211b不与钩舌的牵引台接触，因此非抵接区211b可以为任意形状，只要保证钩体与钩舌配合后非抵接区211b与钩舌的牵引台之间具有间隙即可。
当然，非抵接区211b可以为弧面或平面，在此不作限定。
基于上述实施例，本发明实施例还提供了一种车钩，包括钩舌和钩体，钩舌为如上述任一实施例钩舌，钩体为如上述任一实施例钩体。由于该车钩采用了上述实施例中的钩舌和钩体，所以该车钩的有益效果请参考上述实施例。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种钩舌，包括上牵引台(101)、下牵引台(108)、上冲击台(105)、下冲击台(110)、销孔(104)和颈部(102)，其特征在于，沿着过所述销孔(104)轴线的任一竖直面剖切该钩舌得到所述上牵引台(101)牵引面的断面R和所述下牵引台(108)牵引面的断面S；
    所述断面R上最靠近所述颈部(102)的点与所述销孔(104)的轴线之间的垂直距离为k，所述断面S上最靠近所述颈部(102)的点与所述销孔(104)的轴线之间的垂直距离为m，则n＝|k-m|，10mm≤n≤25mm。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的钩舌，其特征在于，所述断面R与竖直面之间的夹角为α，5°≤α≤15°；
    所述断面S与竖直面之间的夹角为β，5°≤β≤15°。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的钩舌，其特征在于，所述上牵引台(101)的牵引面沿着逐渐远离所述颈部(102)的方向向远离所述上冲击台(105)的方向倾斜；
    所述下牵引台(108)的牵引面沿着逐渐远离所述颈部(102)的方向向远离所述下冲击台(110)的方向倾斜。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的钩舌，其特征在于，所述上牵引台(101)牵引面上的最靠近钩尖(112)且最靠近颈部(102)的点与所述上冲击台(105)冲击面上的最靠近钩尖(112)且最靠近颈部(102)的点在水平方向上的距离为p；
    所述下牵引台(108)牵引面上的最靠近钩尖(112)且最靠近颈部(102)的点与所述下冲击台(110)冲击面上的最靠近钩尖(112)且最靠近颈部(102)的点在水平方向上的距离为q，p＜q。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的钩舌，其特征在于，所述上牵引台(101)的牵引面和/或下牵引台(108)的牵引面沿着靠近该钩舌的锁面(115)的方向分为接触区(111a)和退让区(111b)，所述接触区(111a)的靠近所述锁面(115)的一端的延伸面为M1面，则所述退让区(111b)位于所述M1面的远离所述销孔(104)的一侧。
  6. 一种钩体，包括上牵引台(201)、下牵引台(205)、上冲击台(211)、下冲击台(212)、销孔(204)和锁腔(209)，其特征在于，沿着过所述销孔(204)轴线的任一竖直面剖切该钩体得到所述上牵引台(201)牵引面的断面T和所述下牵引台(205)牵引面的断面U；
    所述断面T上最远离所述下牵引台(205)的点与所述销孔(204)的轴线之间的垂直距离为k0，所述断面U上最远离所述上牵引台(201)的点与所述销孔(204)的轴线之间的垂直距离为m0，则n0＝|k0-m0|，10mm≤n0≤25mm。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的钩体，其特征在于，所述断面T与竖直面之间的夹角为α0，5°≤α0≤15°；
    所述断面U与竖直面之间的夹角为β0，5°≤β0≤15°。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的钩体，其特征在于，所述上牵引台(201)牵引面最靠近根部的一端与所述上冲击台(211)冲击面的靠近所述上牵引台(201)根部的一端在水平方向上的距离为p1；
    所述下牵引台(205)牵引面最靠近根部的一端与所述下冲击台(212)冲击面的靠近所述下牵引台(205)根部的一端在水平方向上的距离为q1，p1＜q1。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的钩体，其特征在于，所述上牵引台(201)和/或下牵引台(205)的牵引面沿着靠近该钩体的锁腔(209)的方向分为抵接区(211a)和非抵接区(211b)，所述抵接区(211a)的靠近所述锁腔(209)的一端的延伸面为M2面，则所述非抵接区(211b)位于所述M2面的靠近所述销孔(204)的一侧。
  10. 一种车钩，包括钩舌和钩体，其特征在于，所述钩舌为如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的钩舌，所述钩体为如权利要求6-9中任一项所述的钩体。
PCT/CN2019/092973 2018-06-29 2019-06-26 车钩、钩舌及钩体 WO2020001468A1 (zh)

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