WO2019237727A1 - 一种骨传导扬声器及耳机 - Google Patents

一种骨传导扬声器及耳机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019237727A1
WO2019237727A1 PCT/CN2019/070548 CN2019070548W WO2019237727A1 WO 2019237727 A1 WO2019237727 A1 WO 2019237727A1 CN 2019070548 W CN2019070548 W CN 2019070548W WO 2019237727 A1 WO2019237727 A1 WO 2019237727A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
panel
bone conduction
conduction speaker
normal
area
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/070548
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑金波
廖风云
张磊
齐心
Original Assignee
深圳市韶音科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to RU2021100590A priority Critical patent/RU2764239C1/ru
Priority to AU2019285891A priority patent/AU2019285891B2/en
Priority to EP19819601.6A priority patent/EP3796670A4/en
Priority to PE2020002030A priority patent/PE20210542A1/es
Priority to CN202211001082.2A priority patent/CN115297416A/zh
Priority to NZ771862A priority patent/NZ771862A/en
Application filed by 深圳市韶音科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市韶音科技有限公司
Priority to MX2020013709A priority patent/MX2020013709A/es
Priority to CN202211003063.3A priority patent/CN115297418A/zh
Priority to CA3103583A priority patent/CA3103583C/en
Priority to JP2020569945A priority patent/JP2021527364A/ja
Priority to BR112020025564-5A priority patent/BR112020025564A2/pt
Priority to CN202211001060.6A priority patent/CN115334420A/zh
Priority to CN202211001097.9A priority patent/CN115297417A/zh
Priority to KR1020227010151A priority patent/KR102533576B1/ko
Priority to CN201980040094.6A priority patent/CN112438054B/zh
Priority to CN202211001068.2A priority patent/CN115334421A/zh
Priority to KR1020217000929A priority patent/KR102446016B1/ko
Publication of WO2019237727A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019237727A1/zh
Priority to US17/078,276 priority patent/US11310601B2/en
Priority to IL279394A priority patent/IL279394A/en
Priority to CONC2021/0000024A priority patent/CO2021000024A2/es
Priority to US17/169,604 priority patent/US11363362B2/en
Priority to US17/170,829 priority patent/US11570550B2/en
Priority to US17/218,804 priority patent/US11463814B2/en
Priority to US17/649,356 priority patent/US11991513B2/en
Priority to US17/662,082 priority patent/US11641538B2/en
Priority to JP2022076639A priority patent/JP7525540B2/ja
Priority to US18/154,026 priority patent/US11825259B2/en
Priority to US18/621,052 priority patent/US20240244374A1/en
Priority to US18/621,189 priority patent/US20240244375A1/en
Priority to US18/621,193 priority patent/US20240244376A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1016—Earpieces of the intra-aural type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/60—Mounting or interconnection of hearing aid parts, e.g. inside tips, housings or to ossicles
    • H04R25/604—Mounting or interconnection of hearing aid parts, e.g. inside tips, housings or to ossicles of acoustic or vibrational transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/60—Mounting or interconnection of hearing aid parts, e.g. inside tips, housings or to ossicles
    • H04R25/604—Mounting or interconnection of hearing aid parts, e.g. inside tips, housings or to ossicles of acoustic or vibrational transducers
    • H04R25/606—Mounting or interconnection of hearing aid parts, e.g. inside tips, housings or to ossicles of acoustic or vibrational transducers acting directly on the eardrum, the ossicles or the skull, e.g. mastoid, tooth, maxillary or mandibular bone, or mechanically stimulating the cochlea, e.g. at the oval window
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R31/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H04R9/066—Loudspeakers using the principle of inertia
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2803—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2225/00—Details of deaf aids covered by H04R25/00, not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2225/021—Behind the ear [BTE] hearing aids
    • H04R2225/0213—Constructional details of earhooks, e.g. shape, material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2400/00—Loudspeakers
    • H04R2400/11—Aspects regarding the frame of loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2460/00—Details of hearing devices, i.e. of ear- or headphones covered by H04R1/10 or H04R5/033 but not provided for in any of their subgroups, or of hearing aids covered by H04R25/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2460/13—Hearing devices using bone conduction transducers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a loudspeaker, in particular to a method for improving the sound quality of a bone conduction speaker or a bone conduction earphone.
  • One embodiment of the present invention provides a bone conduction speaker, which includes a panel and a driving device; the driving device is used to generate a driving force; the panel has a transmission connection with the driving device; Contacting or abutting with the user's body to transmit sound; the area on the panel for contacting or abutting with the user's body has a normal line, and the straight line where the driving force is located is not parallel to the normal line.
  • the line where the driving force is located has a positive direction pointing out of the bone conduction speaker via the panel, and if the normal line has a positive direction pointing out of the bone conduction speaker, then the two straight lines are clamped in their positive direction.
  • the angle is acute.
  • the driving device includes a coil and a magnetic circuit system, and an axis of the coil and the magnetic circuit system is not parallel to the normal line; the axis is perpendicular to a radial plane of the coil and / or a radial plane of the magnetic circuit system .
  • a housing is further included; there is a connection medium between the housing and the panel, or the housing is integrally formed with the panel.
  • the coil is connected to the panel and / or the casing through a first transmission path; and the magnetic circuit system is connected to the panel and / or the casing through a second transmission path.
  • the first transmission path includes a connection member
  • the second transmission path includes a vibration transmission plate
  • the stiffness of the connection member is higher than the stiffness of the vibration transmission plate
  • the stiffness of a component on the first transmission path or the second transmission path is positively related to the elastic modulus and thickness of the component, and negatively related to the surface area of the component.
  • the connecting member is provided with a reinforcing rib.
  • the reinforcing rib is a facade or a support bar.
  • the connecting member is a hollow cylinder, one end surface of the hollow cylinder is connected to one end surface of the coil, and the other end surface of the pillar is connected to the panel and / or the shell.
  • the connecting member is a set of connecting rods, one end of each connecting rod is connected to one end surface of the coil, and the other end of each connecting rod is connected to the panel and / or shell; each connecting rod surrounds the The coils are distributed circumferentially.
  • the driving force has a component in the first quadrant and / or the third quadrant of the xoy plane coordinate system; wherein the origin o of the xoy plane coordinate system is located on the contact surface of the bone conduction speaker with the human body, and the x-axis It is parallel to the coronal axis of the human body, y-axis is parallel to the sagittal axis of the human body, and the positive direction of the x-axis is toward the outside of the human body, and the positive direction of the y-axis is toward the front of the human body.
  • the number of the driving devices is at least two; a straight line of a resultant force composed of driving forces generated by the driving devices is not parallel to the normal line.
  • a straight line where the first driving force generated by the first driving device is parallel to the normal line and a straight line where the second driving force generated by the second driving device is perpendicular to the normal line.
  • the area of the panel ranges from 20 mm 2 to 1000 mm 2 .
  • the length of the side length of the panel is 5 mm to 40 mm, or 18 mm to 25 mm, or 11 to 18 mm.
  • the included angle between the straight line where the driving force is located and the normal is any value between 5 ° and 80 °, or the included angle is any value between 15 ° and 70 ° , Or the included angle is any value between 25 ° and 50 °, or the included angle is any value between 25 ° and 40 °, or the included angle is any value between 28 ° and 35 ° Value, or the included angle is any value between 27 ° and 32 °, or the included angle is any value between 30 ° and 35 °, or the included angle is between 25 ° and 60 ° Any value, or the included angle is between 28 ° and 50 °, or the included angle is between 30 ° and 39 °, or the included angle is between 31 ° and 38 ° Any value of, the included angle is any value between 32 ° and 37 °, or the included angle is any value between 33 ° and 36 °, or the included angle is between 33 ° and 35.8 ° Or any angle between 33.5 ° and 35 °.
  • the angle between the straight line where the driving force is located and the normal is 26 ° ⁇ 0.2, 27 ° ⁇ 0.2, 28 ° ⁇ 0.2, 29 ° ⁇ 0.2, 30 ° ⁇ 0.2, 31 ° ⁇ 0.2, 32 ° ⁇ 0.2, 33 ° ⁇ 0.2, 34 ° ⁇ 0.2, 34.2 ° ⁇ 0.2, 35 ° ⁇ 0.2, 35.8 ° ⁇ 0.2, 36 ° ⁇ 0.2, 37 ° ⁇ 0.2, or 38 ° ⁇ 0.2.
  • the area on the panel for contacting or abutting the user's body is flat.
  • the area on the panel used to contact or abut the user's body is a quasi-plane; when the area of the panel is a quasi-plane, the normal of the area is the average of the area Normal
  • the quasi-plane is a surface where an included angle between a normal of an arbitrary point and an average normal thereof is smaller than a set threshold.
  • the set threshold is less than 10 °.
  • One of the embodiments of the present application provides another bone conduction speaker, which includes a panel and a driving device; the panel and the driving device have a driving connection; all or a part of the panel is used to contact or abut with the user's body to conduct sound
  • the area on the panel for contacting or abutting with the user's body has a normal line; the axis of the driving device is not parallel to the normal line; the driving device includes a coil and a magnetic circuit system, and the axis of the driving device It is perpendicular to the radial plane of the coil and / or the radial plane of the magnetic circuit system.
  • a housing is further included; there is a connection medium between the housing and the panel, or the housing is integrally formed with the panel.
  • the coil is connected to the panel and / or the housing through a connector.
  • the connecting member is provided with a reinforcing rib.
  • the reinforcing rib is a facade or a support bar.
  • one side of the connector is shorter than the other side such that the axis of the coil is not parallel to the normal.
  • the connecting member is a hollow cylinder, one end surface of the hollow cylinder is connected to one end surface of the coil, and the other end surface of the pillar is connected to the panel and / or the shell.
  • the connecting member is a set of connecting rods, one end of each connecting rod is connected to one end surface of the coil, and the other end of each connecting rod is connected to the panel and / or shell;
  • the coils are distributed circumferentially.
  • the area on the panel for contacting or abutting the user's body is flat.
  • the area on the panel used to contact or abut the user's body is a quasi-plane; when the area of the panel is a quasi-plane, the normal of the area is the average of the area Normal
  • the quasi-plane is a surface where an included angle between a normal of an arbitrary point and an average normal thereof is smaller than a set threshold.
  • the set threshold is less than 10 °.
  • the area of the panel ranges from 20 mm 2 to 1000 mm 2 .
  • the length of the side length of the panel is 5 mm to 40 mm, or 18 mm to 25 mm, or 11 to 18 mm.
  • the axis of the driving device is set to have a positive direction pointing out of the bone conduction speaker through the panel, and the normal is set to have a positive direction pointing out of the bone conduction speaker, then the clamp of the two straight lines in its positive direction The angle is acute.
  • the included angle between the straight line where the driving force is located and the normal is any value between 5 ° and 80 °, or the included angle is any value between 15 ° and 70 ° , Or the included angle is any value between 25 ° and 50 °, or the included angle is any value between 25 ° and 40 °, or the included angle is any value between 28 ° and 35 ° Value, or the included angle is any value between 27 ° and 32 °; or the included angle is any value between 30 ° and 35 °, or the included angle is between 25 ° and 60 ° Any value, or the included angle is between 28 ° and 50 °, or the included angle is between 30 ° and 39 °, or the included angle is between 31 ° and 38 ° Any value of, the included angle is any value between 32 ° and 37 °, or the included angle is any value between 33 ° and 36 °, or the included angle is between 33 ° and 35.8 ° Or any angle between 33.5 ° and 35 °.
  • the angle between the straight line where the driving force is located and the normal is 26 ° ⁇ 0.2, 27 ° ⁇ 0.2, 28 ° ⁇ 0.2, 29 ° ⁇ 0.2, 30 ° ⁇ 0.2, 31 ° ⁇ 0.2, 32 ° ⁇ 0.2, 33 ° ⁇ 0.2, 34 ° ⁇ 0.2, 34.2 ° ⁇ 0.2, 35 ° ⁇ 0.2, 35.8 ° ⁇ 0.2, 36 ° ⁇ 0.2, 37 ° ⁇ 0.2, or 38 ° ⁇ 0.2.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides still another bone conduction speaker, which includes a panel and at least two driving devices; the panel and the two driving devices both have a transmission connection; and all or part of the panel is used to connect with a user's body Contact or abut to conduct sound; the area on the panel for contact or abutment with the user's body has a normal line; wherein the axis of the first drive device is parallel to the normal line and the axis of the second drive device It is perpendicular to the normal line; the driving device includes a coil and a magnetic circuit system, and an axis of the driving device is perpendicular to a radial plane of the coil and / or a radial plane of the magnetic circuit system.
  • the area on the panel for contacting or abutting the user's body is flat.
  • the area on the panel used to contact or abut the user's body is a quasi-plane; when the area of the panel is a quasi-plane, the normal of the area is the average of the area Normal
  • the quasi-plane is a surface where an included angle between a normal of an arbitrary point and an average normal thereof is smaller than a set threshold.
  • the set threshold is less than 10 °.
  • One embodiment of the present invention provides a bone conduction earphone, including the bone conduction speaker according to any one of the foregoing.
  • One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for setting a bone conduction speaker, including: drivingly connecting a panel with a driving device; all or a part of the panel is used to contact or abut a user's body to conduct sound; The area on the panel for contacting or abutting the user's body has a normal line; the relative position of the driving device and the panel is set so that the straight line where the driving force generated by the driving device is located is not parallel to the normal line.
  • the relative position of the driving device and the panel is set so that the driving force has a component in the first quadrant and / or the third quadrant of the xoy plane coordinate system; wherein the origin o of the xoy plane coordinate system is located in bone conduction
  • the x-axis is parallel to the human coronal axis
  • the y-axis is parallel to the human sagittal axis
  • the positive direction of the x-axis is toward the outside of the human body and the positive direction of the y-axis is toward the front of the human body.
  • the number of the driving devices is at least two; the relative positions of the driving devices and the panel are set so that the straight line of the resultant force composed of the driving forces generated by the driving devices is not parallel to the normal line.
  • the area on the panel for contacting or abutting the user's body is flat.
  • the area on the panel used to contact or abut the user's body is a quasi-plane; when the area of the panel is a quasi-plane, the normal of the area is the average of the area Normal
  • the quasi-plane is a surface where an included angle between a normal of an arbitrary point and an average normal thereof is smaller than a set threshold.
  • the set threshold is less than 10 °.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario and a structure of a bone conduction speaker provided according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an included angle direction provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a bone conduction speaker acting on human skin and bone according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is an angle-relative displacement diagram of a bone conduction speaker provided according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a frequency response graph of a bone conduction speaker provided according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a low-frequency part of a frequency response curve of a bone conduction speaker at different angles ⁇ provided according to the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a high-frequency part of a frequency response curve of a bone conduction speaker of different materials of a panel and a shell provided according to the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural sectional view of an axial direction of a bone conduction speaker according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9A is a schematic axial cross-sectional structure diagram of a bone conduction speaker according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9B is a schematic view of a disassembled structure of a bone conduction speaker shown in a product example according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9C is a longitudinal sectional structural diagram of the bone conduction speaker shown in FIG. 9B; FIG.
  • 9D and 9E are schematic structural diagrams of a bracket in a bone conduction speaker provided by some embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic axial sectional structure view of a bone conduction speaker according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic view of an axial sectional structure of a bone conduction speaker according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic axial sectional structural view of a bone conduction speaker according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic axial sectional structure view of a bone conduction speaker according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic view of an axial cross-sectional structure of a bone conduction speaker according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic axial sectional structure view of a bone conduction speaker according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic axial sectional structure view of a bone conduction speaker according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a flowchart of a method for setting a bone conduction speaker according to the present invention.
  • the words “a”, “an”, “an” and / or “the” do not specifically refer to the singular, but may include the plural unless the context clearly indicates an exception.
  • the terms “including” and “comprising” are only meant to include clearly identified steps and elements, and these steps and elements do not constitute an exclusive list, and the method or device may also include other steps or elements.
  • the term “based on” is “based at least in part on.”
  • the term “one embodiment” means “at least one embodiment”; the term “another embodiment” means “at least one other embodiment”.
  • bone conduction speakers or “bone conduction headphones” will be used.
  • This description is only a form of bone conduction application.
  • “speaker” or “headphone” can also be replaced with other similar words, such as “player”, “hearing aid”, and the like.
  • the various implementations of the present invention can be easily applied to other non-speaker-type hearing devices.
  • those skilled in the art after understanding the basic principles of bone conduction speakers, they may make various changes in the form and details of the specific methods and steps of implementing bone conduction speakers without departing from this principle.
  • a microphone such as a microphone can pick up the sound of the surroundings of the user / wearer, and transmit the sound processed (or the generated electrical signal) to the bone conduction speaker under a certain algorithm. That is, the bone conduction speaker can be modified to include the function of picking up ambient sounds, and after certain signal processing, the sound is transmitted to the user / wearer through the bone conduction speaker part, thereby realizing the function of the bone conduction hearing aid.
  • the algorithm mentioned here can include noise cancellation, automatic gain control, acoustic feedback suppression, wide dynamic range compression, active environment recognition, active noise reduction, directional processing, tinnitus processing, multi-channel wide dynamic range compression, and active howling One or more combinations of suppression, volume control, etc.
  • Bone conduction speakers transmit sound through the bones to the hearing system to produce hearing.
  • the bone conduction speaker mainly generates and conducts sound through the following steps: Step 1.
  • the bone conduction speaker acquires or generates a signal containing sound information, such as a current signal and / or a voltage signal carrying audio information;
  • Step 2 bone
  • the driving device in the conductive speaker, or a transducing device, generates vibration according to the signal;
  • step 3 transmits the vibration to the panel or housing of the speaker through a transmission component.
  • the bone conduction speaker may acquire or generate a signal containing sound information according to different modes.
  • the sound information may refer to a video or audio file with a specific data format, or it may refer to data or files that can be finally converted into sound in a specific way.
  • the signal containing sound information can come from the storage unit of the bone conduction speaker itself, or from an information generation, storage, or transmission system other than the bone conduction speaker.
  • the sound signals discussed here are not limited to electrical signals, and may include other forms other than electrical signals, such as optical signals, magnetic signals, mechanical signals, and the like. In principle, as long as the signal contains sound information that the speaker can use to generate vibration, it can be processed as a sound signal.
  • the sound signal is not limited to one signal source, and can come from multiple signal sources.
  • the way of transmitting or generating sound signals can be wired or wireless, real-time or time-delayed.
  • a bone conduction speaker can receive electrical signals containing sound information in a wired or wireless manner, or it can directly acquire data from a storage medium to generate sound signals.
  • a component with a sound collection function may be added to the bone conduction hearing aid. By picking up ambient background sounds and processing the received sound signals, the effect of noise reduction can be achieved.
  • the wired connection includes, but is not limited to, the use of metal cables, optical cables, or mixed cables of metal and optics, such as: coaxial cables, communication cables, flexible cables, spiral cables, non-metallic sheathed cables, metal sheathed cables, multiple Core cable, twisted pair cable, ribbon cable, shielded cable, telecommunication cable, twisted pair cable, parallel twisted pair conductor, and twisted pair.
  • metal cables such as: coaxial cables, communication cables, flexible cables, spiral cables, non-metallic sheathed cables, metal sheathed cables, multiple Core cable, twisted pair cable, ribbon cable, shielded cable, telecommunication cable, twisted pair cable, parallel twisted pair conductor, and twisted pair.
  • wired connection medium may also be other types, such as other electrical or optical signal transmission carriers.
  • Wireless connections include, but are not limited to, radio communications, free-space optical communications, acoustic communications, and electromagnetic induction.
  • the radio communication includes, but is not limited to, the IEEE302.11 series of standards, the IEEE302.15 series of standards (such as Bluetooth technology and Zigbee technology, etc.), the first generation of mobile communication technologies, and the second generation of mobile communication technologies (such as FDMA, TDMA, SDMA , CDMA, and SSMA, etc.), general packet wireless service technology, third-generation mobile communication technologies (such as CDMA2000, WCDMA, TD-SCDMA, and WiMAX, etc.), fourth-generation mobile communication technologies (such as TD-LTE and FDD-LTE Etc.), satellite communication (e.g. GPS technology, etc.), near field communication (NFC), and other technologies operating in the ISM band (e.g.
  • free space optical communication includes, but is not limited to, visible light, infrared signals, etc .
  • acoustic communication includes But not limited to sound waves, ultrasonic signals, etc .
  • electromagnetic induction includes, but is not limited to, near field communication technology.
  • the medium of wireless connection can also be other types, such as Z-wave technology, other charged civilian radio frequency bands and military radio frequency bands.
  • the bone conduction speaker may obtain signals containing sound information from other devices through Bluetooth technology, or may directly obtain data from a storage unit provided with the bone conduction speaker to generate a sound signal.
  • the storage devices / storage units referred to here include storage devices on storage systems such as Direct Attached Storage, Network Attached Storage, and Storage Area Network.
  • Storage devices include but are not limited to common types of storage devices such as solid-state storage devices (solid-state drives, solid-state hybrid hard drives, etc.), mechanical hard drives, USB flash drives, memory sticks, memory cards (such as CF, SD, etc.), and other drives (such as CDs) , DVD, HD DVD, Blu-ray, etc.), random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM).
  • RAM includes but is not limited to: decimal counting tube, number selection tube, delay line memory, Williams tube, dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), thyristor random access memory (T-RAM), and zero Capacitive random access memory (Z-RAM), etc .
  • ROM also includes but is not limited to: magnetic bubble memory, magnetic button memory, thin film memory, magnetic plated memory, magnetic core memory, drum memory, optical disk drive, hard disk, magnetic tape, early NVRAM (non-volatile memory), phase change memory, magnetoresistive random access memory, ferroelectric random access memory, non-volatile SRAM, flash memory, electronic erasable rewritable read-only memory, erasable programmable read-only memory Memory, programmable read-only memory, shielded stack read memory, floating connection gate random access memory, nano-random memory, track memory, variable resistance memory, and programmable metallization unit.
  • the storage device / storage unit mentioned above is a few examples, and the storage device that the
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario and a structure of a bone conduction speaker provided according to the present invention.
  • the bone conduction speaker includes a driving device 101, a transmission component 102, a panel 103, a casing 104 and the like.
  • the driving device 101 transmits the vibration signal to the panel 103 and / or the casing 104 through the transmission component 102, so as to transmit the sound to the human body through contact with the panel 103 or the casing 104 and human skin.
  • the panel 103 and / or the housing 104 of the bone conduction speaker may be in contact with human skin at the tragus, thereby transmitting sound to the human body.
  • the panel 103 and / or the housing 104 may also be in contact with human skin on the back side of the auricle.
  • Bone conduction speakers convert signals containing sound information into vibrations and produce sound.
  • the generation of vibration is accompanied by the conversion of energy.
  • the bone conduction speaker can use a specific driving device to convert the signal to mechanical vibration.
  • the conversion process may involve the coexistence and conversion of many different types of energy.
  • an electrical signal can be directly converted into mechanical vibration through a transducing device to generate sound.
  • the sound information is contained in the optical signal, and the driving device may implement the process of converting the optical signal into a vibration signal, or the driving device may first convert the optical signal into an electrical signal, and then convert the electrical signal into a vibration signal.
  • Other types of energy that can coexist and convert during the operation of the driving device include thermal energy, magnetic field energy, and so on.
  • the energy conversion modes of the driving device include, but are not limited to, moving coil type, electrostatic type, piezoelectric type, moving iron type, pneumatic type, electromagnetic type, and the like.
  • the frequency response range and sound quality of bone conduction speakers will be affected by different transduction methods and the performance of various physical components in the driving device.
  • a dynamic coil type transducing device a wound cylindrical coil is connected to a vibration transmitting plate, and a coil driven by a signal current drives the vibration transmitting sound of the vibration transmitting plate in a magnetic field, the expansion and contraction of the material of the vibration transmitting plate, the deformation of the folds,
  • the size, shape, and fixing method, as well as the magnetic density of the permanent magnets will greatly affect the final sound quality of the bone conduction speaker.
  • the vibration transmitting plate may be a mirror-symmetrical structure, a center-symmetrical structure, or an asymmetric structure; the vibration transmitting plate may be provided with an intermittent hole-like structure, so that the vibration transmitting plate has a larger displacement, thereby allowing a bone conduction speaker Achieve higher sensitivity and increase the output power of vibration and sound; for another example, the vibration transmitting plate is a torus structure, and a plurality of struts radiating toward the center are arranged in the torus. The number of struts can be two or More.
  • sound quality used herein can be understood to reflect the quality of sound, and refers to the fidelity of the audio after processing, transmission, and other processes.
  • the sound quality is mainly described by the three elements of loudness, tone and timbre. Loudness is the subjective perception of sound strength by the human ear, which is proportional to the logarithm of sound intensity. The louder the sound, the louder it sounds. It is also related to the frequency and waveform of the sound. Tone, also known as pitch, refers to the subjective perception of the frequency of sound vibrations in the human ear. The pitch is mainly determined by the fundamental frequency of the sound. The higher the fundamental frequency, the higher the pitch, and it is also related to the intensity of the sound.
  • the timbre refers to the subjective perception of the sound characteristics of the human ear.
  • the timbre mainly depends on the spectral structure of the sound, and is also related to factors such as the loudness, duration, establishment process and decay process of the sound.
  • the spectral structure of sound is described by the fundamental frequency, the number of harmonic frequencies, the distribution of harmonic frequencies, the magnitude and phase relationship. Different spectrum structures have different timbre. Even if the fundamental frequency and loudness are the same, if the harmonic structure is different, the timbre will be different.
  • the straight line B (or the vibration direction of the driving device) of the driving force generated by the driving device 101 has an angle with the normal line A of the panel 103. ⁇ . In other words, straight line B is not parallel to straight line A.
  • the panel has areas in contact with or against the user's body, such as human skin. It should be understood that when the panel is covered with other materials (such as soft materials such as silicone) to enhance the user's wearing comfort, the relationship between the panel and the user's body is not direct contact, but against each other. In some embodiments, when the bone conduction speaker is worn on the user's body, the entire area of the panel is in contact with or against the user's body. In some embodiments, after the bone conduction speaker is worn on the user's body, a partial area of the panel is in contact with or against the user's body.
  • the area on the panel for contact or abutment with the user's body may occupy more than 50% of the entire panel area, and more preferably, it may occupy more than 60% of the panel area.
  • the area on the panel that comes into contact with or abuts the user's body can be flat or curved.
  • the normal when the area on the panel used to contact or abut the user's body is flat, its normal meets the general definition of normal. In some embodiments, when the area on the panel for contacting or abutting the user's body is a curved surface, its normal is the average normal of the area.
  • the curved surface is a quasi-plane close to a plane, that is, a surface whose angle between the normal of any point in at least 50% of the area and its average normal is smaller than a set threshold.
  • the set threshold is less than 10 °; in some embodiments, the set threshold may be further less than 5 °.
  • the line B where the driving force is located and the normal line A 'of the area on the panel 103 for contact or abutment with the user's body have the included angle ⁇ .
  • the value range of the included angle ⁇ may be 0 ⁇ ⁇ 180 °, and further the value range may be 0 ⁇ ⁇ 180 ° and not equal to 90 °.
  • the setting line B has a positive direction pointing out of the bone conduction speaker, and the setting line 103's normal A (or the normal line A 'of the contact surface of the panel 103 with human skin) also has a direction pointing out of the bone conduction speaker.
  • Positive direction, the angle ⁇ formed by the straight line A or A ′ and the straight line B in the positive direction is an acute angle, that is, 0 ⁇ ⁇ 90 °.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an included angle direction provided by the present invention.
  • the driving force generated by the driving device has a component in the first quadrant and / or the third quadrant of the xoy plane coordinate system.
  • the xoy plane coordinate system is a reference coordinate system, and its origin o is located on the contact surface between the panel and / or the shell and the human body after the bone conduction speaker is worn on the human body, the x-axis is parallel to the human coronary axis, and the y-axis is parallel to the human body.
  • the shape axis is parallel, and the positive direction of the x-axis is toward the outside of the human body, and the positive direction of the y-axis is toward the front of the human body.
  • the quadrant should be understood as four regions divided by the horizontal axis (such as the x-axis) and the vertical axis (such as the y-axis) in the plane rectangular coordinate system, and each region is called a quadrant.
  • the quadrant is centered on the origin and the x and y axes are the dividing lines.
  • the upper right (the area enclosed by the positive semi-axis of the x-axis and the positive semi-axis of the y-axis) is called the first quadrant, and the upper left (the area enclosed by the negative semi-axis of the x-axis and the positive semi-axis of the y-axis) is called The second quadrant, the lower left (the area enclosed by the negative semi-axis of the x-axis and the negative semi-axis of the y-axis) is called the third quadrant, and the lower right (the positive semi-axis of the x-axis is enclosed by the negative semi-axis of the y-axis) Area) is called the fourth quadrant.
  • the points on the coordinate axis do not belong to any quadrant.
  • the driving force described in this embodiment may be directly located in the first quadrant and / or the third quadrant of the xoy plane coordinate system, or the driving force is directed in other directions, but in the xoy plane coordinate system,
  • the projection or component in the first quadrant and / or the third quadrant is not 0, and the projection or component in the z-axis direction may be 0 or not 0.
  • the z-axis is perpendicular to the xoy plane and passes through the origin o.
  • the minimum included angle ⁇ between the straight line where the driving force is located and the normal on the panel that is in contact or abutment with the user ’s body may be any acute angle.
  • the range of the included angle ⁇ is preferably 5 ° ⁇ 80 °; more preferably 15 ° to 70 °; still more preferably 25 ° to 60 °; still more preferably 25 ° to 50 °; still more preferably 28 ° to 50 °; still more preferably 30 ° to 39 °; even more preferably It is 31 ° to 38 °; more preferably 32 ° to 37 °; more preferably 33 ° to 36 °; more preferably 33 ° to 35.8 °; and more preferably 33.5 ° to 35 °.
  • the included angle ⁇ may be 26 °, 27 °, 28 °, 29 °, 30 °, 31 °, 32 °, 33 °, 34 °, 34.2 °, 35 °, 35.8 °, 36 °, 37 ° or 38 ° and so on, the error is controlled within 0.2 degrees.
  • the driving force direction should not be understood as the limitation of the driving force in the present invention.
  • the driving force may also have components in the second and fourth quadrants of the xoy plane coordinate system. , Even the driving force can be located on the y-axis and so on.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a bone conduction speaker acting on human skin and bone according to the present invention.
  • the bone conduction speaker receives, picks up or generates signals containing sound information, converts the sound information into sound vibrations through the driving device, and transmits the vibrations to the human skin 320 in contact with the panel or housing through the transmission component, further transmitting the vibrations to the human bones 310, so that the user finally hears the sound.
  • the subjects of the hearing system, sensory organs, etc. described above may be humans or animals with hearing systems. It should be noted that the following description of the use of bone conduction speakers by humans does not constitute a limitation on the use scenarios of bone conduction speakers, and similar descriptions can also be applied to other animals.
  • the bone conduction speaker includes a driving device (also referred to as a transducing device in other embodiments), a transmission assembly 303, a panel 301, and a housing 302.
  • the vibration of the panel 301 is transmitted to the auditory nerve through tissues and bones, so that a person can hear sound.
  • the panel 301 may be in direct contact with human skin, or may be in contact with the skin through a vibration transmission layer composed of a specific material.
  • the area where the panel 301 is attached to the human body may be a position near the tragus, or may be a mastoid process, behind the ear, or other positions.
  • the physical properties of the panel such as mass, size, shape, stiffness, vibration damping, etc. all affect the efficiency of panel vibration.
  • the shape of the panel can be set to rectangular, circular, or oval; or, The shape may be a shape obtained by cutting a rectangular, circular, or oval edge (for example, but not limited to, cutting a circle symmetrically to obtain a shape similar to an oval or a racetrack, etc.).
  • the panel may be set to be hollow of.
  • the area of the panel can be set as required. In some specific embodiments, the area of the panel can range from 20 mm 2 to 1000 mm 2.
  • the side length of the panel can range from 5 mm to 40 mm, or 18 mm to 25mm, or 11mm ⁇ 18mm.
  • the panel is a rectangle with a length of 22mm and a width of 14mm, and another example is an oval with a major axis of 25mm and a minor axis of 15mm.
  • the panel materials mentioned here include, but are not limited to, steel, alloy, plastic, and single or composite materials.
  • the steel includes, but is not limited to, stainless steel, carbon steel, and the like.
  • Alloys include, but are not limited to, aluminum alloys, chromium-molybdenum steels, rhenium alloys, magnesium alloys, titanium alloys, magnesium-lithium alloys, nickel alloys, and the like.
  • Plastics include, but are not limited to, Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), Polystyrene (PS), High impact polystyrene (HIPS), Polypropylene (Polypropylene (PP), Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polyester (PES), Polycarbonate (PC), Polyamides (PA), Polyvinyl chloride (Polyvinyl chloride) , PVC), polyethylene and blown nylon.
  • ABS Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
  • PS Polystyrene
  • HIPS High impact polystyrene
  • PP Polypropylene
  • PET Polyethylene terephthalate
  • PET Polyethylene terephthalate
  • PET Polyethylene terephthalate
  • PET Polyethylene terephthalate
  • PET Polyethylene terephthalate
  • PET Polyethylene terephthalate
  • PET Polyethylene terephthalate
  • PET Polyester
  • PC Polycarbonate
  • PA Polyamides
  • single or composite materials including but not limited to glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, graphite fiber, graphene fiber, silicon carbide fiber or aramid fiber and other reinforcing materials; it can also be a composite of other organic and / or inorganic materials , Such as glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester, epoxy resin or phenolic resin composed of various types of glass steel.
  • a vibration transmission layer is wrapped on the outside of the panel of the bone conduction speaker.
  • the vibration transmission layer is in contact with the skin.
  • the vibration system composed of the panel and the vibration transmission layer transmits the generated sound vibration to human tissue.
  • the vibration transmission layer may be a plurality of layers.
  • the vibration transmission layer may be made of one or more materials, and the material composition of different vibration transmission layers may be the same or different; the multilayer vibration transmission layers may be superimposed on each other in the vertical direction of the panel, or may be In the horizontal direction of the panel, the vibration transmission layer can be superimposed at a certain angle with the panel, and the angle between each layer and the panel can be the same or different, or can be arbitrarily combined in the above manner.
  • the structure of the vibration transmission layer can be a material with a certain adsorption, flexibility, and chemical properties, such as plastic (such as, but not limited to, high-molecular polyethylene, blown nylon, engineering plastics, etc.), and rubber, which can also achieve the same performance. Other single or composite materials.
  • the entire area of the panel is in contact with or against the user's body.
  • a partial area of the panel is in contact with or against the user's body.
  • the area on the panel for contact or abutment with the user's body may occupy more than 50% of the entire panel area, and more preferably, it may occupy more than 60% of the panel area.
  • the user's skin is relatively flat. When the area where the panel is attached to the skin is flat or there is no undulating quasi-plane, the area where the panel can be attached to the skin is larger, which makes the volume louder.
  • the panel may be a composite structure with a flat plane in the middle and an arc chamfered edge.
  • One of the benefits is that the panel not only makes full contact with human skin, but also has a curved surface to ensure adaptability when worn by different people.
  • the panel 301 can cooperate with the casing 302 to form a closed or quasi-closed cavity (for example, a hole is provided in the panel or the casing) to receive the driving device.
  • the panel 301 and the casing 302 may be integrally formed, that is, the panel and the casing are made of the same material, and there is no clear boundary between the two in structure.
  • the panel 301 can also be connected to the casing 302 by means of snap-fitting, riveting, hot-melt or welding.
  • the panel 301 and the housing 302 are connected through a connection medium.
  • connection medium may be an adhesive such as polyurethane, polystyrene, polyacrylate, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, shellac, butyl rubber, and the like.
  • the connection medium may further include a connection member having a specific structure, such as a vibration transmitting plate, a connection rod, and the like.
  • the stiffness of the enclosure, the panel itself, and the stiffness of the connection between the enclosure and the panel all affect the frequency response of the speaker.
  • both the shell and the panel are made of a material with greater rigidity, and the stiffness of the connection medium between the shell and the panel is smaller.
  • both the shell and the panel are made of a material with greater rigidity, and the connection rigidity between the shell and the panel is also larger, resulting in a larger overall stiffness of the vibration system, which will cause the resonance part to contain more High-frequency components.
  • the stiffness of the panel and the shell can be increased by adjusting the stiffness of the panel and the shell, and the peaks and valleys in the high frequency region can be adjusted to a higher frequency band region.
  • FIG. 7 For more description of the relationship between component stiffness and sound quality, please refer to other contents in the text (for example, FIG. 7).
  • the casing has greater rigidity and lighter weight, and can be mechanically vibrated as a whole, and the casing can ensure the consistency of vibrations, form mutually canceled leaks, ensure good sound quality, and high volume. Big.
  • the housing may be non-perforated or perforated. For example, holes in the housing can be used to adjust bone-conduction speaker leakage.
  • the stiffness can be understood as the ability of a material or structure to resist elastic deformation when subjected to a force, which is related to the elastic modulus, shape, structure, or installation method of the material of the component.
  • the stiffness of a component is positively related to the elastic modulus and thickness of the component, and negatively related to the surface area of the component.
  • the component may be a panel, a housing, a transmission assembly, or the like.
  • the stiffness of a sheet-like component such as a panel can be expressed by the following expression: k ⁇ (Eh ⁇ 3) / d ⁇ 2, where k is the stiffness of the panel, E is the elastic modulus of the panel, h is the thickness of the panel, and d is Panel radius. It can be seen that the smaller the panel radius, the thicker the thickness, and the larger the elastic modulus, the larger the corresponding panel rigidity.
  • the stiffness of a rod-shaped or strip-shaped transmission component can be expressed by the following expression: k ⁇ (Eh ⁇ 3w) / l ⁇ 3, where k is the rigidity of the transmission component and E is the elasticity of the transmission component The modulus, h is the thickness of the transmission component, w is the width of the transmission component, and l is the length of the transmission component. It can be known from this that the smaller the transmission component, the thicker the thickness, the larger the width, and the larger the elastic modulus, the greater the stiffness of the corresponding transmission component.
  • the driving device is located in a closed or quasi-enclosed space formed by the panel and the housing (for example, when there is an opening in the panel or the housing); in still other embodiments, the driving device is located in the closed or quasi-enclosed space formed by the housing.
  • the panel In an enclosed space, the panel is arranged independently of the enclosure. Regarding the situation where the panel is separated from the housing, please refer to FIG. 15 and related descriptions.
  • the driving device is used to convert electric signals into vibrations with different frequencies and amplitudes.
  • the working modes of the driving device include, but are not limited to, moving coils, moving iron, piezoelectric ceramics, or other working modes.
  • the driving device is a moving coil driving method, and includes a coil 304 and a magnetic circuit component 307.
  • the magnetic circuit assembly 307 may include a first magnetic element 3071, a first magnetically permeable element 3072, and a second magnetically permeable element 3073.
  • the magnetic element described in this application refers to an element that can generate a magnetic field, such as a magnet or the like.
  • the magnetic element may have a magnetization direction, and the magnetization direction refers to a direction of a magnetic field inside the magnetic element.
  • the first magnetic element 3071 may include one or more magnets.
  • the magnet may include a metal alloy magnet, ferrite, or the like.
  • the metal alloy magnet may include neodymium iron boron, samarium cobalt, aluminum nickel cobalt, iron chromium cobalt, aluminum iron boron, iron carbon aluminum, or the like, or a combination thereof.
  • the ferrite may include barium ferrite, ferrite, ferromanganese ferrite, lithium manganese ferrite, or the like, or a combination thereof.
  • the magnetically conductive element may also be referred to as a magnetic field concentrator or an iron core, which may adjust the distribution of a magnetic field (for example, a magnetic field generated by the first magnetic element 3071).
  • the lower surface of the first magnetically permeable element 3072 may be connected to the upper surface of the first magnetic element 3071.
  • the second magnetically permeable element 3073 may be a concave structure, and specifically, may include a bottom wall and a side wall.
  • the first magnetic element 3071 can be connected to the inner side of the bottom wall of the second magnetic conductive element 3073, and the side wall can surround the first magnetic element 3071 and form a magnetic gap with the first magnetic element 3071.
  • the connection manner between the first magnetically permeable element 3072, the second magnetically permeable element 3073, and the first magnetic element 3071 may include one or more combinations such as bonding, snapping, welding, riveting, and bolting.
  • the magnetically conductive element may include an element processed from a soft magnetic material.
  • the soft magnetic material may include a metal material, a metal alloy, a metal oxide material, an amorphous metal material, and the like, such as iron, an iron-silicon-based alloy, an iron-aluminum-based alloy, a nickel-iron-based alloy, and iron-cobalt Series alloy, low carbon steel, silicon steel sheet, silicon steel sheet, ferrite, etc.
  • the magnetizer may be processed by one or more combinations of casting, plastic working, cutting processing, powder metallurgy, and the like.
  • Casting can include sand casting, investment casting, pressure casting, centrifugal casting, etc .; plastic processing can include one or more combinations of rolling, casting, forging, stamping, extrusion, drawing, etc .; cutting processing can include turning, milling , Planing, grinding, etc.
  • the processing method of the magnetizing means may include 3D printing, a numerically controlled machine tool, and the like.
  • the number of magnetic elements in the magnetic circuit assembly is multiple, and the multiple magnetic elements are stacked from top to bottom. Additional magnetic conductive elements may be provided in adjacent magnetic elements. The upper surface of the element may be provided with another magnetically conductive element.
  • the magnetic element is an element that generates a magnetic field, and the magnetically permeable element is used to adjust the distribution of the magnetic field.
  • the magnetic circuit component structure provided according to the specific magnetic field distribution requirements can be used in the bone conduction speaker of the present invention, and the present invention does not make any limit.
  • the coil 304 may be disposed in a magnetic gap between the first magnetic element 3071 and the second magnetically permeable element 3073.
  • the driving device further includes a transmission assembly 303 for transmitting vibration of the coil 304 and / or the magnetic circuit assembly 307 to the panel and / or the housing.
  • Ampere's force is the force that the conducting wire receives in the magnetic field, and its direction is perpendicular to the plane determined by the conducting wire and the direction of the magnetic field, which can be determined by the left-hand rule.
  • the direction of the ampere force also changes.
  • the magnetic field generated by the magnetic circuit component is static.
  • the direction of the driving force switches its direction on a straight line.
  • This straight line can be regarded as the straight line of the driving force.
  • the coil is vibrated by the driving force.
  • the magnetic circuit component also vibrates due to the reaction force.
  • the vibration of the two is generally on the same line, but the directions are opposite.
  • This line can be regarded as the line where the vibration is located. , Which is the same (that is, parallel) or the same as the straight line on which the driving force is located.
  • the vibration of the coil is transmitted to the panel and / or the housing through the first transmission component
  • the vibration of the magnetic circuit component is transmitted to the panel and / or the housing through the second transmission component
  • the coil after being energized, the coil generates vibration under the effect of ampere force.
  • the vibration of the coil is transmitted to the panel and / or the shell through the first transmission component.
  • the coil interacts with the magnetic circuit component through a magnetic field, and the magnetic circuit component is subjected to
  • the reaction force of the device further generates vibration, and the vibration of the magnetic circuit component is transmitted to the panel and / or the shell through the second transmission component.
  • the transmission component may include a connecting rod, a connecting post, and / or a vibration transmitting plate.
  • the transmission component may have a moderate elastic force so as to have a damping effect in the process of transmitting vibration, and may reduce the vibration energy transmitted to the casing, thereby effectively suppressing the bone conduction speaker from leaking sound to the outside due to the vibration of the casing, It can also help avoid the occurrence of abnormal sounds caused by possible abnormal resonances, and achieve the effect of improving sound quality.
  • the transmission components located at different positions in / on the housing will also have different effects on the transmission efficiency of the vibration.
  • the transmission components can make the driving device in different states such as suspension or support.
  • the vibration transmitting sheet may be a spring sheet having a small thickness, and the main body of the specific vibration transmitting sheet may be a ring structure.
  • a plurality of struts or a plurality of connecting pieces, which are radiated toward the center, are provided in the ring body structure.
  • the number can be two or more.
  • the straight line where the driving force is located is collinear or parallel to the straight line where the driving device vibrates.
  • the direction of the driving force may be the same as or opposite to the vibration direction of the coil and / or the magnetic circuit component.
  • the panel can be flat or curved, or the panel has several protrusions or grooves.
  • the normal of the area on the panel that is in contact with or against the user's body is not parallel to the straight line where the driving force is located.
  • the area on the panel that is in contact with or abuts the user's body is relatively flat, which can be a flat surface or a quasi-plane with little curvature change.
  • the normal at any point above it can be used as the normal of the area.
  • the normal of the area may be its average normal. For the detailed definition of the average normal, please refer to the related description in FIG. 1, which will not be repeated here.
  • the normal of the area can also be determined as follows: a certain point in an area when the panel is in contact with human skin is selected, A tangent plane of the panel at the point is determined, a straight line passing through the point and perpendicular to the tangent plane is determined, and the straight line is used as the normal line of the panel.
  • the straight line where the driving force is located (or the straight line where the driving device is vibrating) has an included angle ⁇ with the normal of the region, and the included angle is 0 ⁇ ⁇ 180 °.
  • the designated driving force when the designated driving force has a straight line directed through the panel (or the surface of the panel and / or the housing contacting the human skin) to point outside the bone conduction speaker, the designated panel (or the panel and / or the housing is in contact with the human skin)
  • the contact surface) normal has a positive direction pointing out of the bone conduction speaker, and the included angle formed by the two straight lines in the positive direction is an acute angle.
  • the bone conduction speaker 300 includes a panel 301, a housing 302, a first transmission component 303, a coil 304, a vibration transmitting sheet 305, a second transmission component 306, and a magnetic circuit component 307.
  • the vibrations of the coil 304 and the magnetic circuit assembly 307 may be transmitted to the panel 301 and / or the housing 302 through different paths.
  • the vibration of the coil 304 may be transmitted out of the panel 301 and / or the housing 302 through a first transmission path
  • the vibration of the magnetic circuit assembly 307 may be transmitted to the panel 301 and / or the housing 302 through a second transmission path.
  • the first transmission path may include a first transmission component 303, and the second transmission path includes a second transmission component 306, a vibration transmitting plate 305, and a first transmission component 303.
  • a part of the first transmission component 303 is a structure having a flange, the flange is a ring shape adapted to the structure of the coil 304, and the flange is connected to one end surface of the coil 304, and another part of the first transmission component 303 is The connecting rod is connected to the panel and / or the housing.
  • the coil 304 is entirely or partially sleeved in the magnetic gap of the magnetic circuit assembly 307.
  • the second transmission component 306 is connected between the magnetic circuit component 307 and the vibration transmission plate 305, and the edge of the vibration transmission plate 305 is fixed on the flange of the first transmission component 303.
  • the center of the vibration transmission plate 305 can be connected to one end of the second transmission component 306, and the edge of the vibration transmission plate 305 can be connected to the inside of the flange of the first transmission component 303.
  • the connection method can be snap-on, hot pressing, riveting, gluing Knot, or injection molding. It should be noted that the first transmission path and the second transmission path may also have other structures, and this embodiment should not be used as a limitation of the transmission assembly. For more structural description of the transmission assembly, refer to other parts in the text.
  • the coil 304 and the magnetic circuit component 307 are both annular structures.
  • the coil 304 and the magnetic circuit component 307 have mutually parallel axes, and the axis of the coil 304 or the magnetic circuit component 307 and the diameter of the coil 304 are The radial plane and / or the radial plane of the magnetic circuit assembly 307 is perpendicular.
  • the coil 304 and the magnetic circuit assembly 307 have the same central axis.
  • the central axis of the coil 304 is perpendicular to the radial plane of the coil 304 and passes through the geometric center of the coil 304.
  • the radial plane of the circuit component 307 is perpendicular and passes through the geometric center of the magnetic circuit component 307.
  • the axis ⁇ of the coil 304 or the magnetic circuit assembly 307 and the normal line of the panel 301 have the aforementioned angle ⁇ .
  • the energized coil 304 generates amperage and vibrates in the magnetic field generated by the magnetic circuit component 307, and transmits the vibration of the coil 304 to the panel through the first transmission component 303
  • the reaction force generated by the magnetic circuit component 307 vibrates, and the vibration generated by the magnetic circuit component 307 is transmitted to the panel 301 through the second transmission component 306, the vibration transmitting sheet 305, and the first transmission component 303, and then the The vibration and the vibration of the magnetic circuit assembly 307 are transmitted to the skin and bones of the human body through the panel 301, so that people can hear sound.
  • the vibration generated by the coil 304 and the vibration generated by the magnetic circuit component 307 form a composite vibration and transmitted to the panel 301, and then the composite vibration is transmitted to the skin and bones of the human body through the panel 301, the person hears bone conduction sound.
  • the relationship between the driving force F and the skin deformation S will be described below with reference to FIG. 3.
  • the driving force generated by the driving device is parallel to the normal line of the panel 301 (that is, the included angle ⁇ is zero)
  • F ⁇ the driving force
  • S ⁇ the total deformation of the skin in the vertical skin direction
  • E is the elastic modulus of the skin
  • A is the contact area of the panel and the skin
  • h is the total thickness of the skin (that is, the panel and the bone Distance).
  • F // is the driving force
  • S // is the total deformation of the skin in a direction parallel to the skin
  • G is the shear modulus of the skin
  • A is the contact area between the panel and the skin
  • h is the total thickness of the skin (that is, the panel Distance to bones).
  • the Poisson's ratio of the skin is close to 0.4.
  • FIG. 4 is an angle-relative displacement relationship diagram of a bone conduction speaker provided according to the present invention.
  • the relationship between the included angle ⁇ and the total skin deformation is that the larger the included angle ⁇ and the larger the relative displacement, the larger the total skin deformation S.
  • S ⁇ skin deformation increases as the included angle ⁇ , relative displacement small, S ⁇ skin deformation becomes smaller in a direction perpendicular to the skin in a direction perpendicular to the skin; and when the angle ⁇ approaches 90 degrees, the deformation of the skin S in the vertical direction of the skin ⁇ gradually approaches 0.
  • the volume of bone conduction headphones in the low frequency part is positively related to the total skin deformation S.
  • the greater the S the greater the volume of bone conduction low frequencies.
  • Bone conduction headset positive correlation between the volume of the high frequency portion with the skin deformation S ⁇ in the vertical direction of the skin.
  • the greater S ⁇ the greater the volume of the bone conduction low frequency.
  • the relationship between the included angle ⁇ and the total skin deformation S is that the larger the included angle ⁇ , the larger the total skin deformation S, and the greater the volume of the low-frequency part corresponding to the bone conduction headset.
  • the relationship between the included angle ⁇ and the skin deformation S ⁇ in the vertical skin direction is that the larger the included angle ⁇ , the smaller the skin deformation S ⁇ in the vertical skin direction, and the higher the volume of the high-frequency part of the bone conduction headset. small.
  • the included angle ⁇ should be at a proper size.
  • the range of ⁇ is 5 ° to 80 °, or 15 ° to 70 °, or 25 ° to 50 °, or 25 ° to 35 °, or 25 ° to 30 °.
  • FIG. 5 is a frequency response graph of a bone conduction speaker provided by the present invention.
  • the horizontal axis of the coordinate is the vibration frequency
  • the vertical axis is the vibration intensity of the bone conduction headset.
  • the flatter the frequency response curve the better the sound quality exhibited by the bone-conduction earphone is considered.
  • the structure, design of parts, and material properties of bone conduction headphones may affect the frequency response curve.
  • low frequencies refer to sounds less than 500Hz
  • intermediate frequencies refer to sounds in the range of 500Hz-4000Hz
  • high frequencies refer to sounds greater than 4000Hz.
  • the frequency response curve of the bone conduction earphone may have two resonance peaks (510 and 520) in a low frequency region, and a first high frequency valley 530, a first high frequency peak 540, and a second high frequency peak 550 in a high frequency region.
  • the two resonance peaks (510 and 520) in the low frequency region can be generated for the joint action of the vibration transmitting plate and the earphone fixing component.
  • the first high-frequency valley 530 and the first high-frequency peak 540 may be generated by deformation of the side surface of the casing at high frequencies
  • the second high-frequency peak 550 may be generated by deformation of the casing panel at high frequencies.
  • the positions of the different resonance peaks and high-frequency peaks / valleys are related to the stiffness of the corresponding component.
  • the stiffness is generally referred to as the degree of softness and rigidity, and is the ability of a material or structure to resist elastic deformation when subjected to a force. Stiffness is related to the Young's modulus of the material and its structural dimensions. The greater the stiffness, the smaller the deformation of the structure when subjected to force.
  • the frequency response from 500 to 6000 Hz is particularly critical for bone conduction headphones. In this frequency range, sharp peaks and valleys are not expected. The flatter the frequency response curve, the better the sound quality of the headphones.
  • the peaks and valleys in the high frequency region can be adjusted to a higher frequency region by adjusting the stiffness of the shell panel and the back of the shell.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a low-frequency portion of a frequency response curve of a bone conduction speaker at different included angles ⁇ according to the present invention.
  • the panel is in contact with the skin and transmits vibrations to the skin.
  • the skin also affects the vibration of the bone conduction speaker, which affects the frequency response curve of the bone conduction speaker. From the above analysis, we found that the larger the angle, the greater the total deformation of the skin under the same driving force, and corresponding to the bone conduction speaker, it is equivalent to the reduction of the skin's elasticity relative to its panel portion.
  • the frequency response can be The resonance peak in the low frequency region of the curve is adjusted to a lower frequency region, which makes the low frequency dive deeper and the low frequency increase.
  • setting the included angle can effectively suppress the increase in vibration while increasing the low-frequency energy, thereby reducing the vibration feeling relatively, so that Bone conduction speakers have significantly improved low-frequency sensitivity, improving sound quality and human experience.
  • the increase in low frequency and less vibration can be expressed as the increase in the angle ⁇ in the range of (0, 90 °), the energy in the low frequency range in the vibration or sound signal increases, and Vibration is also increased, but the increase in energy in the low frequency range is greater than the increase in vibration. Therefore, the relative effect is relatively reduced.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a high-frequency part of a frequency response curve of a bone conduction speaker of different materials of a panel and a shell provided according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, when the material of the panel and the shell is hard, the frequencies corresponding to the first high-frequency peak and the second high-frequency peak are higher; when the material of the panel and the shell is soft, the first high-frequency peak and the second high-frequency peak are The corresponding frequency is lower than when the materials of the panel and the case are harder.
  • the frequency corresponding to the first high-frequency valley is higher; when the material of the panel and the casing is soft, the frequency corresponding to the first high-frequency valley is higher than that of the panel and the casing. Low when the material is hard.
  • the rigid (harder) materials of the panel and the shell can increase the corresponding frequency value when high frequency peaks / valleys appear. According to the description in FIG. 5, a frequency response from 1000 to 10000 Hz is particularly critical for bone conduction headphones. In this frequency range, sharp peaks and valleys are not expected. The flatter the frequency response curve, the better the sound quality of the headphones.
  • the rigid (harder) material of the panel and casing in FIG. 7 can prolong the flat portion of the frequency curvature in disguise, thereby improving the sound quality of the headphones.
  • the stiffness of different components is related to the Young's modulus, thickness, size, etc. of their materials.
  • the relationship between the stiffness of the housing and its material is used as an example.
  • the housing may include a housing panel, a housing back, and a housing side.
  • the shell panel, the back of the shell, and the sides of the shell can be made of the same material, or they can be made of different materials.
  • the back of the casing and the panel of the casing can be made of the same material, and the side of the casing can be made of other materials.
  • the larger the Young's modulus of the casing material, the greater the rigidity of the casing, and the peak and valley of the frequency response curve of the earphone will change to the high frequency, which is beneficial to the high frequency
  • the peaks and valleys are adjusted to higher frequencies.
  • the frequency response curve at high frequencies can be adjusted to higher frequencies by adjusting the Young's modulus of the shell material.
  • the Young's modulus of the shell can be greater than 2000 MPa, preferably, the Young's modulus of the shell can be greater than 4000 MPa, preferably, the Young's modulus of the shell is greater than 6000 MPa, Preferably, the Young's modulus of the shell is greater than 8000 MPa, preferably, the Young's modulus of the shell is greater than 12000 MPa, more preferably, the Young's modulus of the shell is greater than 15000 MPa, and even more preferably, the Young's modulus of the shell is greater than 18000 MPa.
  • the high-frequency peak-valley frequency in the frequency response curve of the bone-conduction earphone can be not less than 1000 Hz, preferably, the high-frequency peak-valley frequency can be not less than 2000 Hz, and preferably, the high-frequency peak-valley frequency can be Not less than 4000Hz, preferably, the high-frequency peak-valley frequency can be not less than 6000Hz, more preferably, the high-frequency peak-valley frequency can be not less than 8000Hz, more preferably, the high-frequency peak-valley frequency can be not less than 10000Hz, and more preferably, the high-frequency peak-valley can be made
  • the frequency is not less than 12000 Hz, further preferably, the high-frequency peak-valley frequency can be not less than 14000 Hz, further preferably, the high-frequency peak-valley frequency can be not less than 16000 Hz, even more preferably, the high-frequency peak-valley frequency can be not less than 18000 Hz, and even
  • the high-frequency peak-valley frequency in the frequency response curve of the bone-conduction earphone can be outside the hearing range of the human ear. In some embodiments, by adjusting the stiffness of the casing, the high-frequency peak-valley frequency in the frequency response curve of the earphone can be within the hearing range of the human ear. In some embodiments, when there are multiple high-frequency peaks / valleys, by adjusting the stiffness of the casing, one or more high-frequency peak / valley frequencies in the frequency response curve of the bone conduction earphones can be outside the hearing range of the human ear, and the rest One or more high-frequency peak / valley frequencies are within the hearing range of the human ear. For example, the second high-frequency peak may be located outside the hearing range of the human ear, and the first high-frequency valley and the first high-frequency peak may be located within the hearing range of the human ear.
  • increasing the rigidity of the casing can be achieved by changing the connection mode of the casing panel, the back of the casing, and the side of the casing to ensure that the overall casing has a greater rigidity.
  • the case panel, the case back, and the case side may be integrally formed.
  • the back of the case and the side of the case may be a one-piece structure.
  • the shell panel and the side of the shell can be fixed directly by glue, or fixed by snapping or welding.
  • the glue may be glue with strong viscosity and high hardness.
  • the shell panel and the side of the shell may be an integrally formed structure, and the back of the shell and the side of the shell may be directly fixed by glue, or fixed by means of snapping or welding.
  • the glue may be glue with strong viscosity and high hardness.
  • the shell panel, the back of the shell, and the side of the shell are independent components, and the three can be fixedly connected by one or any combination of glue, snap-in or welding.
  • the shell panel and the side of the shell are connected by glue, and the back of the shell and the side of the shell are connected by snapping or welding.
  • the shell back and the shell side are connected by glue, and the shell panel and the shell side are connected by snapping or welding.
  • materials with different Young's modulus can be used for matching to improve the overall rigidity of the shell.
  • the shell panel, the back of the shell, and the sides of the shell may all be made of one material.
  • the shell panel, the back of the shell, and the side of the shell may be made of different materials, and the different materials may have the same Young's modulus or different Young's moduli.
  • the shell panel and the back of the shell are made of the same material, and the sides of the shell are made of other materials.
  • the Young's modulus of the two materials may be the same or different.
  • the Young's modulus of the material on the side of the case can be greater than the Young's modulus of the material on the case panel and the back of the case, or the Young's modulus of the material on the side of the case can be less than the Young's modulus of the material on the case panel and the back of the case. the amount.
  • the shell panel and the side of the shell are made of the same material, and the back of the shell is made of other materials. The Young's modulus of the two materials may be the same or different.
  • the Young's modulus of the material on the back of the case can be greater than the Young's modulus of the material on the case panel and the side of the case, or the Young's modulus of the material on the back of the case can be less than the Young's modulus of the material on the case panel and the side of the case. the amount.
  • the back of the case and the side of the case are made of the same material, and the case panel is made of other materials.
  • the Young's modulus of the two materials may be the same or different.
  • the Young's modulus of the material of the case panel may be greater than the Young's modulus of the material on the back of the case and the side of the case, or the Young's modulus of the material of the case panel may be less than the Young's modulus of the material on the back of the case and the side of the case. the amount.
  • the materials of the shell panel, the back of the shell, and the sides of the shell are different.
  • the Young's moduli of the three materials can be all the same or different, and the Young's moduli of the three materials are all greater than 2000 MPa.
  • the stiffness of the vibration transmitting plate and the earphone fixing component can be adjusted so that the two resonance peak frequencies of the low frequency region of the bone conduction earphone are less than 2000 Hz.
  • the two resonance peaks of the low frequency region of the bone conduction earphone can be made.
  • the frequency is less than 1000 Hz, and more preferably, the two resonance peak frequencies of the low-frequency region of the bone conduction earphone can be less than 500 Hz.
  • the present application may adjust the peaks and valleys of the high-frequency region to higher frequencies by adjusting the stiffness of each component of the bone-conduction earphone (for example, the shell, the shell bracket, the vibration transmitting plate, or the earphone fixing component).
  • the low-frequency resonance peak is adjusted to the low frequency to ensure a frequency response curve platform in the range of 1000 Hz to 10000 Hz, which improves the sound quality of bone conduction headphones.
  • bone conduction headphones can cause sound leakage during vibration transmission.
  • the sound leakage refers to the vibration of the internal components of the bone conduction earphone or the vibration of the shell, which will cause the volume of the surrounding air to change, causing the surrounding air to form a compressed or sparse area and spread to the surroundings, leading to the transmission of sound to the surrounding environment, so that in addition to bone conduction People other than the headset wearer can hear the sound from the headset.
  • This application can provide a solution to reduce the sound leakage of bone conduction earphones from the perspective of changing the shell structure, stiffness, and the like.
  • the bone conduction speaker leakage can be further effectively reduced by a well-designed vibration generating portion including a vibration transmitting layer (not shown).
  • a vibration transmitting layer (not shown).
  • punching holes on the surface of the vibration transmission layer can reduce sound leakage.
  • the vibration transmission layer is glued to the panel, and the bonding area on the vibration transmission layer and the panel is more convex than the non-adhesion area on the vibration transmission layer, and a cavity is below the non-adhesion area.
  • the non-adhesive area on the vibration transmission layer and the surface of the casing are respectively provided with sound introduction holes.
  • the non-adhesive area where a part of the sound introduction hole is opened is not in contact with the user.
  • the sound introduction hole can effectively reduce the area of the non-adhesive area on the vibration transmission layer, which can allow the air inside and outside the vibration transmission layer to pass through, reduce the pressure difference between the inside and outside, and thus reduce the vibration of the non-adhesion area;
  • the sound introduction hole can lead the sound waves formed by the air vibration inside the shell to the outside of the shell, and cancel out the sound waves caused by the vibration of the shell to push the air outside the shell to reduce the amplitude of the sound waves.
  • the manner in which the direction of the driving force generated by the setting driving device and the direction of the panel has an angle is not unique.
  • the setting driving is respectively driven from different embodiments. Devices and panels are exemplified.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic axial sectional structure view of a bone conduction speaker according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the bone conduction speaker 800 includes a panel 801, a housing 802, a first transmission component 803, a coil 804, a vibration transmitting plate 805, and a magnetic circuit component 806.
  • the panel 801 and the housing 802 form a closed or quasi-closed cavity, and the driving device including the first transmission component 803, the coil 804, the vibration transmitting sheet 805, and the magnetic circuit component 806 is located in the cavity.
  • the coil 804 and the magnetic circuit component 806 are both annular structures. In some embodiments, the coil 804 and the magnetic circuit component 806 have axes parallel to each other.
  • the axis of the drive means the axis of the coil 804 and / or the magnetic circuit assembly 806.
  • the included angle ⁇ of the axis of the driving device and the normal line of the area on the panel that is in contact or abutment with the user's body 0 ⁇ ⁇ 90 °.
  • the included angle ⁇ is formed by the axis of the driving device and the normal line of the area where the panel contacts or abuts the user's body.
  • the axis of the coil 804 or the magnetic circuit component 806 and its spatial relationship with the normal line reference may be made to the related description in FIG. 3, and details are not described herein again.
  • a part of the first transmission component 803 has a ring structure adapted to the structure of the coil 804, and the ring structure is connected to one end surface of the coil 804, and the other part of the first transmission component 803 is a connecting rod. Connects to panel and / or case.
  • the coil 804 is entirely or partially sleeved in the magnetic gap of the magnetic circuit assembly 806. All or part of the coil 804 is sleeved in the annular groove of the magnetic circuit assembly 806.
  • an annular end surface of the magnetic circuit component 806 is connected to the outer edge of the vibration transmitting plate 805, and the first transmission component 803 passes through the middle region of the vibration transmitting plate 805 and is fixedly connected thereto.
  • the coil 804 after being energized generates ampere force and vibrates in the magnetic field generated by the magnetic circuit component 806, transmits the vibration of the coil 804 to the panel 801 through the first transmission component 803, and vibrates through the reaction force received by the magnetic circuit component 806.
  • the vibration generated by the magnetic circuit component 806 is directly transmitted to the first transmission component 803 through the vibration transmitting sheet 805, and transmitted to the panel 801, and then the vibration of the coil 804 and the vibration of the magnetic circuit component 806 are transmitted to the skin of the human body through the panel 801 , Bones, make people hear sound.
  • the vibration transmitting plate is directly connected to the magnetic circuit component 806 and the first transmission component 803, the vibration generated by the magnetic circuit component 806 is directly transmitted to the panel through the first transmission component 803, and further, the vibration generated by the coil 804 and the When the vibration generated by the magnetic circuit component 806 is transmitted to the panel 801 as a composite vibration, and then the composite vibration is transmitted to the skin and bones of the human body through the panel 801, the person hears bone conduction sound.
  • FIG. 9A is a schematic axial cross-sectional structure diagram of a bone conduction speaker according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the bone conduction speaker 900a includes a panel 901, a housing 902, a first transmission component 903, a coil 904, a vibration transmitting piece 905, a second transmission component 906, and a magnetic circuit component 907.
  • the first transmission component 903 is a hollow cylinder, one end surface of the first transmission component 903 is connected to the panel 901, the other end surface of the first transmission component 903 is connected to one end surface of the coil 904, and all or part of the coil 904 is sleeved.
  • both the coil 904 and the magnetic circuit component 907 are ring structures.
  • the coil 904 and the magnetic circuit component 907 have mutually parallel axes.
  • the area of the center of the magnetic circuit component 907 or near the center is connected to one end of the second transmission component 906, and the other end of the second transmission component 906 is connected to the center area or the area near the center of the vibration transmitting plate 905.
  • the outer edge of the vibration transmitting plate 905 It is connected to the inner side of the flange of the first transmission component 903, and the connection method includes, but is not limited to, snap-fitting, hot pressing, bonding, or injection molding.
  • the coil 904 after being energized generates amperage and vibrates in the magnetic field generated by the magnetic circuit assembly 907, and transmits the vibration of the coil 904 to the panel 901 through the first transmission assembly 903, and receives the vibration through the magnetic circuit assembly 907.
  • the vibration of the reaction force occurs, the vibration generated by the magnetic circuit component 907 is transmitted to the panel 901 through the second transmission component 906, the vibration transmitting piece 905, and the first transmission component 903, and then the vibration of the coil 904 and the vibration of the magnetic circuit component 907 are passed
  • the panel 901 is transmitted to the skin and bones of a human body so that a person can hear sound.
  • the vibration generated by the coil 904 and the vibration generated by the magnetic circuit assembly 907 form a composite vibration and transmit it to the panel 901, and then the composite vibration is transmitted to the skin and bones of the human body through the panel 901, people will hear bone conduction sound.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 9A is different from the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 in that the first transmission component is changed from a connecting rod to a hollow cylindrical structure, so that the combination of the first transmission component and the coil is more sufficient and the structure is more stable.
  • the frequency at which the speaker generates higher-order modes i.e., the vibrations at different points on the speaker are inconsistent
  • the low frequency resonance peak of the frequency response curve of the bone conduction speaker can be moved to a lower frequency, so that the flat area of the frequency response curve is wider, and Speaker sound quality.
  • FIG. 9B is a schematic diagram of a disassembled structure of a bone conduction speaker shown in a product example according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • FIG. 9C is a longitudinal sectional structure diagram of the bone conduction speaker shown in FIG. 9B.
  • the structure of the bone conduction speaker shown in FIGS. 9B and 9C corresponds to FIG. 9A.
  • the bone conduction speaker 900b includes a vibration plate and a face-attached silicone component 910, a bracket and a vibration transmitting plate 911, a coil 912, a connection member 913, a bolt and nut assembly 914, an upper magnet 915, a magnetically conductive plate 916, and a lower portion.
  • the vibration plate and the face-attached silicone component 910 further include a face-attached silica gel 9101 and a vibration plate 9102.
  • the bracket and the vibration transmitting sheet 911 further include a bracket 9111 and a vibration transmitting sheet 9112.
  • the bolt and nut assembly 914 further includes a bolt 9141 and a nut 9142.
  • the vibration plate 9102 can be functionally equivalent to the aforementioned panel
  • the face-attaching silica gel 9101 is equivalent to a soft material covering the panel. It can be understood that the face-attaching silica gel 9101 is not an essential component and may be omitted in some embodiments.
  • the bracket 9111 may correspond to the aforementioned first transmission assembly.
  • the connecting member 913 may correspond to the aforementioned second transmission assembly.
  • the speaker shell 921 may be equivalent to the aforementioned shell.
  • the vibration plate and the close-faced silicone component 910 are combined with the horn shell 921 to form a closed or quasi-closed cavity to accommodate magnetic circuit components, transmission components and other components.
  • the magnetic shield 918 is a concave structure, and specifically includes a bottom plate and a side wall.
  • the upper magnet 915, the magnetically conductive plate 916, and the lower magnet 917 are stacked on the bottom plate of the magnetically conductive cover 918 from top to bottom.
  • the upper magnet 915, the magnetic guide plate 916, the lower magnet 917, and the magnetic guide cover 918 are respectively provided with through holes, and are assembled together by bolts and nuts 914 to form a magnetic circuit assembly.
  • a magnetic gap is formed between the magnetically conductive cover 918 and the upper magnet 915, the magnetically conductive plate 916, and the lower magnet 917 provided on the bottom plate thereof.
  • the coil 912 is partially or entirely disposed in the magnetic gap.
  • the bracket 9111 may have a ring structure with uneven thickness. Specifically, one side is thicker than the other side. The size and size of one end surface of the bracket 9111 are compatible with the coil 912, and One end surface of the coil 912 is connected, and the other end of the bracket 9111 is abutted or connected with the vibration plate and the face-attached silicone component 910.
  • the structure of the bracket 9111 is thicker on one side than the other side, and the driving device can be tilted relative to the vibration plate and the face-attaching silicone component 910, thereby ensuring the axis (or the direction of the driving force) of the driving device and the face-attaching silicone piece 910.
  • the normal of the contact surface (surface in contact with human skin) has an included angle ⁇ .
  • the connecting member 913 connects the upper magnet 915 in the magnetic circuit assembly with the vibration transmitting plate 9112, and at the same time plays a function of transmitting vibration.
  • the specific connection methods include, but are not limited to: bolt connection, bonding, welding, and the like.
  • the edge of the vibration transmitting sheet 9112 is clamped to the inner side of the bracket 9111.
  • the bracket 9111 is also responsible for transmitting the vibration of the coil and the vibration of the magnetic circuit component to the vibration plate and the face-attached silicone component 910.
  • the outer edge of the bracket can be snapped into a groove or a limit card slot on the inner wall of the horn housing 921, and then fixed in the cavity, so that the bracket can realize transmission, and can also start to suspend or support the entire driving device. effect.
  • the bracket 9111 has a ring-shaped body 91111.
  • the body may be a ring-shaped sheet structure.
  • One side is lower than the other side (for example, the facade A side is lower than the facade B side), the connection between the high and low sides can be changed through the continuous change of the connection portion C, D, or the height of the connection can be discontinuous.
  • the transition, such as the connection portions C, D is configured as a stepped structure with a discontinuous change in height.
  • connection part C can be regarded as four different parts of the inside 91112, which can be integrally formed with each other, and there is no obvious boundary in the structure, or the A side, B
  • the side, the connection part C, and the connection part D are structurally independent from each other, and are assembled together by an additional connection process.
  • the specific connection process may be bonding, welding, hot-melt connection, and the like.
  • the bracket 9111 is used to connect the coil to the vibration plate and the face-attached silicone component 910 to realize vibration transmission.
  • the bottom end surface of the bracket body 91111 may be fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the coil, and the upper end surface of the elevation 91112 is abutted or connected with the vibration plate and the face-attached silicone component 910 (refer to FIG. 9C).
  • the distance between the vibration plate and the face-attached silicone component 910 and the driving device is relatively long, so that the height of the facade is large. If the facade 91112 is thin, the strength is low and it is easy to be damaged. If the facade 91112 is thick and heavy, it will affect the transmission and affect the sound quality.
  • the reinforcing rib 91113 may be provided on the outside or inside of the facade 91112, which can ensure the strength of the facade 91112 without affecting the sound quality.
  • the reinforcing rib 91113 may be a smaller elevation perpendicular to the elevation 91112, one end surface of which is connected to the body 91111, and the other end surface thereof is connected to the elevation 91112.
  • the connection method includes, but is not limited to, bonding, welding, thermoplastic molding, or integral molding.
  • the reinforcing rib 91113 may also be a short support rod. The support rod is diagonally supported between the elevation and the body. One end of the support rod is connected to the body 91111, and the other end thereof is connected to the elevation 91112.
  • the connection method includes, but is not limited to, bonding, welding, thermoplastic molding, or integral molding.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic axial sectional structure view of a bone conduction speaker according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first transmission component 1003 may be multiple connecting rods or connecting posts. One end of some connecting rods is connected to the panel 1001, one end of the other connecting rods is connected to the first side 1002 of the housing, and the other end of each connecting rod is connected to the coil 1004. One end is connected. That is, each connecting rod is distributed between the coil and the panel and / or the housing along the circumferential direction of the coil 1004, and the connecting rods may be distributed at equal intervals or at different intervals.
  • the first transmission component 1003 can also be designed as a hollow cylinder like the first transmission component 903, and its cross section is adapted to the size and shape of the coil.
  • a first end surface of the first transmission component 1003 is connected to one end surface of the coil, a portion of the second end surface of the first transmission component 1003 is connected to the panel 1001, and another portion is connected to the casing 1002.
  • the length of the first transmission component 1003 in the bone-conduction speaker 1000 is smaller, which helps to further increase the frequency at which the speaker generates higher-order modes (that is, vibrations at different points on the speaker are inconsistent).
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic axial sectional structure view of a bone conduction speaker according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the bone conduction speaker 1100 shown in FIG. 11 includes a driving device 1101, a transmission component 1102, a panel 1103, and a housing 1105.
  • the transmission component 1102 may include structures such as a vibration transmission plate, a connecting rod, and a connecting column.
  • the transmission component 1102 is connected between the driving device 1101 and the panel 1103 as a transmission path so as to transmit the vibration or driving force generated by the driving device 1101 to the panel 1103. .
  • a larger transmission path length is required.
  • the length of the transmission component is also required to be large, for example, the length of the connecting rod or the connecting post is required to be large. If the structure of the transmission component is thin, the strength will be relatively low, and the long-term vibration has been damaged; if the transmission component structure is set thicker and thicker to overcome this problem, it will also affect the transmission of vibration and then affect the sound quality.
  • additional reinforcing ribs 1104 may be provided on the surface of the transmission component to increase the strength of the transmission component and have a small impact on the structure of the transmission component. In some embodiments, the ribs 1104 may be facades, ridges, or struts, and the like.
  • connection manner between the reinforcing rib 1104 and the transmission component 1102 includes, but is not limited to, bonding, welding, hot-melt connection or integral molding.
  • a plurality of reinforcing ribs 1104 may be provided on the surface of the transmission component.
  • the reinforcing ribs can be distributed at equal or unequal intervals around the circumference of the transmission component.
  • the bone conduction speaker 1100 shown in FIG. 11 is provided with a reinforcing rib 1104 on the transmission component. While increasing the strength of the transmission component, it can improve the speaker's high-order mode (that is, the vibrations at different points on the speaker are inconsistent) Frequency for better sound quality.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic axial sectional structure view of a bone conduction speaker according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 12, in some embodiments, one end of the first transmission component 1203 of the bone conduction speaker 1200 is connected to the bottom surface of the housing 1202, that is, the entire driving device is fixed to the housing 1202 obliquely with respect to the panel.
  • the housing 1202 and the panel 1201 both have a relatively large hardness, and the two are integrally formed or connected through a connection medium with a relatively high rigidity.
  • the vibration generated by the coil 1204 and the vibration generated by the magnetic circuit component 1207 form a composite vibration transmitted to the housing 1202, and then to the panel 1201, and then the composite vibration is transmitted to the skin and bones of the human body through the panel 1201, which makes people hear Bone conducts sound.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic axial sectional view of a bone conduction speaker according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the bone conduction speaker 1300 includes a housing 1302, a panel 1301 provided independently of the housing, and a first transmission component 1303, a coil 1304, a vibration transmitting plate 1305, and a second transmission component 1306.
  • the housing 1302 includes a first housing 13021 and a third transmission component 13022.
  • the first housing 13021 is a rectangular parallelepiped with a cavity. In other embodiments, the first housing 13021 may also be a closed cylinder, a sphere, or the like having a cavity.
  • the driving device is disposed in the cavity, and the internal structure of the driving device may be any one of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the upper side of the first housing 13021 is connected to the upper side of the panel 1301 through the third transmission component 13022, and the lower side of the first housing 13021 is directly connected to the lower side of the panel 1301.
  • the connection manner between the first casing 13021 and the panel 1301 is not limited to the foregoing manner.
  • the lower side of the first casing 13021 may be connected to the lower side of the panel 1301 through the third transmission component 13022, and the upper side of the first casing 13021 is directly connected to The upper side of the panel 1301, like the first housing 13021, is only connected to the panel through a third transmission component.
  • the third transmission component may be a rod-like, plate-like, hollow column-like structure.
  • the energized coil 1304 generates amperage and vibrates in the magnetic field generated by the magnetic circuit component 1307, and transmits the vibration of the coil 1304 to the first housing 13021 through the first transmission component 1303, and the first housing 13021 passes through the first
  • the three transmission components 13022 directly transmit vibration to the panel 1301, and generate vibration through the reaction force received by the magnetic circuit component 1307.
  • the vibration generated by the magnetic circuit component 1307 is transmitted to the first transmission component through the connection of the second transmission component 1306 and the transmission plate 1305.
  • the first casing 13021 transmits the vibration to the panel 1301 through the third transmission component 13022 or directly, and then transmits the vibration of the coil 1304 and the vibration of the magnetic circuit component 1307 to the skin and bones of the human body through the panel 1301 for human hearing To the sound.
  • the vibration generated by the coil 1304 and the vibration generated by the magnetic circuit component 1307 form a composite vibration first transmitted to the first housing 13021, and then directly to the panel 1301 or through the third transmission component 13022 to the panel 1301, and then through the panel 1301.
  • the compound vibration is transmitted to the skin and bones of the human body, people can hear bone conduction sound.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic axial sectional structure view of a bone conduction speaker according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • the bone conduction speaker 1400 shown in FIG. 14 has a first transmission path and a second transmission path that are independent of each other.
  • the first transmission path includes a first transmission component 1403
  • the transmission component on the second transmission path includes a vibration transmission plate 1405 and a second transmission component 1406.
  • the bone conduction speaker 1400 has a first transmission path and a second transmission path that are independent of each other. It can be understood that there is no common transmission component in the two transmission paths.
  • the bone conduction speaker 1400 includes a panel 1401, a housing 1402, a first transmission component 1403, a coil 1404, a vibration transmitting sheet 1405, a second transmission component 1406, and a magnetic circuit component 1407.
  • the panel 1401 and the housing 1402 form a closed or quasi-closed cavity, and the driving device including the first transmission component 1403, the coil 1404, the vibration transmitting plate 1405, the second transmission component 1406, and the magnetic circuit component 1407 is located in the cavity.
  • the included angle between the axis of the driving device and the normal of the area where the panel contacts or abuts the user's body 0 ⁇ ⁇ 90 °.
  • the bottom surface of the magnetic circuit component 1407 is connected to the vibration transmission plate 1405 through the second transmission component 1406, and the outer edge of the vibration transmission plate 1405 is connected to the housing 1402.
  • the outer edge of the vibration transmission plate 1405 may be connected to the bottom surface of the housing 1402 or It is connected to the side of the shell 1402, and part of it can be connected to the bottom of the shell 1402, and the other part is connected to the side of the shell 1402.
  • the energized coil 1404 generates ampere force and vibrates in the magnetic field generated by the magnetic circuit component 1407, and transmits the vibration of the coil 1404 to the panel 1401 through the first transmission component 1403.
  • the reaction force received by the magnetic circuit component 1407 vibrates.
  • the vibration generated by the magnetic circuit component 1407 is transmitted to the bottom and sides of the housing 1402 through the second transmission component 1406 and the vibration plate 1405.
  • the housing transmits the vibration of the magnetic circuit component 1407 to the panel 1401.
  • the vibration of the coil 1404 and the vibration of the magnetic circuit assembly 1407 are transmitted to the skin and bones of the human body through the panel 1401, so that people can hear sound.
  • the vibration transmitting piece is directly connected to the housing 1402
  • the magnetic circuit component is connected to the housing 1402 softly, and the vibration generated by the magnetic circuit component 1407 is directly transmitted to the bottom surface of the housing 1402 and one side of the housing 1402 through the coil 1404.
  • the generated vibration and the vibration generated by the magnetic circuit assembly 1407 form a composite vibration to be transmitted to the panel 1401, and then the composite vibration is transmitted to the skin and bones of the human body through the panel 1401, so that people can hear bone conduction sound.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic axial sectional structure view of a bone conduction speaker according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the bone conduction speaker 1500 shown in FIG. 15 uses a dual-vibration plate structure, and a peak is added to the low frequency region of the speaker vibration frequency response curve, making the speaker's low frequency response more sensitive, thereby improving sound quality.
  • the bone conduction speaker 1500 includes a panel 1501, a housing 1502, a first transmission component 1503, a coil 1504, a first vibration transmitting piece 1505, a second vibration transmitting piece 1506, a second transmission component 1507, and Magnetic circuit assembly 1508.
  • connection method between the panel 1501, the first transmission component 1507, the first vibration transmitting piece 1505, the second transmission component 1507, and the magnetic circuit component 1508 is the same as that shown in FIG. 9, and refer to FIG. 9 for details.
  • the edge of the second vibration transmitting plate 1506 is connected to the open end surface of the housing 1502, and the first transmission component 1503 passes through the middle region of the second vibration transmitting plate 1506 and is fixedly connected to it.
  • a central axis surface of the second vibration transmitting plate 1506 is clamped on a solid cylindrical body of the first transmission component 1503.
  • the working principle of the bone conduction speaker 1500 in this embodiment is specifically: the coil 1504 after being energized generates ampere force and vibrates in the magnetic field generated by the magnetic circuit component 1508, and transmits the vibration of the coil 1504 directly to the panel through the first transmission component 1503 1501, the reaction force received by the magnetic circuit component 1508 vibrates, and the vibration generated by the magnetic circuit component 1508 is transmitted to the panel 1501 through the second transmission component 1507 and the first vibration transmitting plate 1505, and the vibration of the housing 1502 is transmitted through the second vibration plate Go to the panel 1501, and then transmit the vibration of the coil 1504 and the vibration of the magnetic circuit assembly 1508 to the skin and bones of the human body through the panel 1501, so that people can hear the sound.
  • the soft connection between the panel 1501 and the housing 1502 is realized through the second vibration transmitting sheet 1506, and the vibration generated by the coil 1504 and the vibration generated by the magnetic circuit component 1508 form a composite vibration transmitted to the panel 1501 and the housing 1502 at the same time. Then, when the composite vibration is transmitted to the skin and bones of the human body through the panel 1501, a person can hear bone conduction sound.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic axial sectional structure view of a bone conduction speaker according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
  • the bone conduction speaker 1600 includes a panel 1601, a housing 1602, and two driving devices 1605 and 1606.
  • the panel 1601 and the housing 1602 form a closed or quasi-closed cavity, and two driving devices 1605 and 1606 are located inside the cavity.
  • the driving device in this embodiment may be the driving device in the foregoing embodiments of the present invention.
  • the driving device 1605 is connected to the panel 1601 through the first transmission component 1603; the driving device 1606 is connected to the partition plate disposed in the cavity through the second transmission component 1604. A certain included angle is formed between the driving device 1605 and the driving device 1606.
  • the driving device 1606 may be directly connected to the panel or the housing through the second transmission component 1604 bent at a right angle. It should be noted that, in other embodiments, the axis of the driving device 1605 does not need to be parallel to the normal line of the panel, and the axis of the driving device 1606 does not need to be perpendicular to the normal line of the panel, but the two driving devices are relative to the panel. The position is such that the straight line where the resultant direction of the driving force generated by the driving force and the normal line of the area on the panel used to contact or abut the user's body are at the included angle ⁇ , 0 ⁇ ⁇ 90 °.
  • the number of driving devices may be three, four, or more, and the positions of the driving devices in the cavity are adjusted so that the direction of the resultant force of the driving force generated by each driving device is on the line with the panel.
  • the normal of the area that is in contact or abutment with the user's body is at the included angle ⁇ , 0 ⁇ ⁇ 90 °.
  • the driving force of the driving device 1605 is parallel to the normal line of the area on the panel for contacting or abutting with the user's body
  • the driving force of the driving device 1606 is perpendicular to the panel for contacting or abutting with the user's body.
  • the two driving devices vibrate at the same time, and transmit the two kinds of vibrations to the panel.
  • the composite vibration is transmitted to the skin and bones of the human body through the panel 1601, people can hear bone conduction sound.
  • the invention also provides a bone-conduction earphone.
  • the earphone holder / earphone strap secures the bone-conduction speaker to a specific part of the user (for example, the head), and provides a clamping force between the vibration unit and the user.
  • the contact surface is connected with the driving device and keeps contact with the user, and transmits sound to the user through vibration.
  • the center point position on the headphone holder / headphone strap can be selected as the equivalent fixed end; if the bone conduction speaker can Provide stereo sound, that is, the instantaneous driving force provided by the two transducers is not the same, or there is asymmetry in the structure of the bone conduction speaker, you can choose the earphone rack / headphone strap or other than the earphone rack / headphone strap A point or area serves as the equivalent fixed end.
  • the fixed end mentioned here can be regarded as the equivalent end where the position of the bone conduction speaker is relatively fixed in the process of generating vibration.
  • the fixed end and the vibration unit are connected through a headphone holder / headphone strap, and the transmission relationship is related to the clamping force provided by the headphone holder / headphone strap and the headphone holder / headphone strap, which depends on the physical properties of the headphone holder / headphone strap .
  • the quality of the headphone holder / headphone strap can change the sound transmission efficiency of the bone conduction speaker, and affect the frequency response of the system in a specific frequency range.
  • a headset holder / headphone strap made of a higher-strength material and a headset holder / headphone strap made of a lower-strength material will provide different clamping forces, or the Structure, adding an auxiliary device that can provide elastic force to the earphone holder / earphone strap can also change the clamping force, thereby affecting the sound transmission efficiency; the change in the size of the earphone holder / earphone strap while wearing will also affect the clamping force.
  • the size and clamping force increase with the distance between the vibration units at both ends of the headphone holder / headphone strap.
  • a person of ordinary skill in the art may choose materials with different rigidities and different moduli to make a headphone holder / headphone strap or adjust the headphone holder / earphone according to the actual situation.
  • the size and size of the strap It should be noted that the clamping force of the headphone holder / headphone strap not only affects the efficiency of sound transmission, but also affects the user's sound experience in the bass frequency range.
  • the clamping force mentioned here is the pressure between the contact surface and the user.
  • the clamping force is between 0.1N-5N, more preferably, the clamping force is between 0.2N-4N, and even more preferably, The clamping force is between 0.2N-3N, more preferably, the clamping force is between 0.2N-1.5N, and even more preferably, the clamping force is between 0.3N-1.5N.
  • the foregoing embodiments of the bone conduction speaker are merely examples, and the components and structures described in these embodiments should not be taken as limiting the present invention.
  • the components, shapes, structures, and connection methods in these embodiments may be In combination, for example, the ribs in FIG. 11 may be applied to any one of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 9 to 16.
  • the first transmission component 903 of the bone conduction speaker 900a in FIG. 9 can be connected to the panel and the casing at the same time as the first transmission component 1003 of the bone conduction speaker 1000, and can also be connected to the rear side of the casing like the bone conduction speaker 1200. .
  • FIG. 17 is a flowchart of a method for setting a bone conduction speaker according to the present invention.
  • the process 1700 is a step involved in setting a bone conduction speaker according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • the panel is drivingly connected with the driving device.
  • the driving device may be connected to the panel using a transmission component such as a vibration transmitting plate, a connecting member, and the like.
  • the transmission assembly can also play a role in transmitting vibration.
  • the driving device includes a coil and a magnetic circuit component. The vibrations of the coil and magnetic circuit components can be transmitted to the panel and / or the housing via different paths. For example, the vibration of the coil may be transmitted to the panel and / or the housing through the first transmission path, and the vibration of the magnetic circuit assembly may be transmitted to the panel and / or the housing through the second transmission path.
  • the first transmission path may include a first transmission component, and the second transmission path includes a second transmission component, a vibration transmitting plate, and a first transmission component.
  • the first transmission component may be a connection post or a connection rod; the second transmission component may be a connection post or a connection rod.
  • the bone conduction speaker may transmit the vibration generated by the driving device to the panel by connecting the panel and the driving component of the driving device, thereby further transmitting the vibration to the human body through the panel attached to the human body.
  • the transmission connection between the panel and the driving device can effectively transmit the vibration signal generated by the driving device, so that the human body can receive the signal.
  • the panel, the transmission assembly, and the driving device are generally rigid materials and are rigidly connected to each other to improve the quality of the transmitted audio signals.
  • the relative position of the driving device and the panel may be set so that the straight line where the driving force generated by the driving device is not parallel to the normal line of the panel.
  • the relative positions of the driving device and the panel may be set according to the forms of the foregoing various embodiments.
  • the adopted setting method can change the structure of the transmission assembly, for example, setting the transmission assembly at a lower side than the other side to ensure that the straight line where the driving force is located is not parallel to the normal line of the panel; or The structure of the casing is improved to achieve this technical purpose.
  • a platform inclined relative to the panel is provided in the casing, and the driving device is disposed on the platform.
  • the driving device is horizontally disposed in the casing, and the panel is inclined to cover. On the shell.
  • the driving device can be tilted relative to the panel so that any straight line where the driving force is located is not parallel to the normal line of the area on the panel used to contact or abut the user's body, it can be applied to the present invention.
  • the present invention There are no restrictions on this.
  • the above two steps are not completely separate processes, that is, the two steps can be performed simultaneously. For example, when the driving device is connected to the panel, the relative positional relationship between the two is adjusted.
  • aspects of this application can be illustrated and described through several patentable categories or situations, including any new and useful process, machine, product, or combination of materials or their Any new and useful improvements. Accordingly, various aspects of the present application can be executed entirely by hardware, can be executed entirely by software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), and can also be executed by a combination of hardware and software.
  • the above hardware or software can be called “data block”, “module”, “engine”, “unit”, “component” or “system”.
  • aspects of the present application may manifest as a computer product located in one or more computer-readable media, the product including computer-readable program code.
  • numbers describing components and the number of attributes are used. It should be understood that, for such numbers used in the description of the embodiments, the modifiers "about”, “approximate” or “substantially” are used in some examples To modify. Unless stated otherwise, “about”, “approximately” or “substantially” indicates that the number allows for a change of ⁇ %. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical data used in the specification and claims are approximate values, and the approximate values may be changed according to the characteristics required by individual embodiments. In some embodiments, the numerical data should take the specified significant digits into account and adopt a general digits retention method. Although the numerical fields and data used to confirm the breadth of the range in some embodiments of this application are approximate values, in specific embodiments, the setting of such values is as accurate as possible within the feasible range.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种骨传导扬声器及耳机，包括面板和驱动装置；所述驱动装置用于产生驱动力；所述面板与所述驱动装置具有传动连接；所述面板的全部或局部用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠，以传导声音；所述面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域具有法线，所述驱动力所在直线与所述法线不平行。

Description

一种骨传导扬声器及耳机
交叉引用
本发明要求2018年06月15日递交的申请号为201810623408.2的中国申请的优先权，其内容以引用方式被包含于此。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种扬声器，尤其涉及改善骨传导扬声器或骨传导耳机音质的方法。
背景技术
一般情况下，人能够听见声音是因为空气通过外耳耳道把振动传递到耳膜，通过耳膜形成的振动驱动人的听觉神经，由此感知声音的振动。骨传导扬声器在工作时，通常可以通过人的皮肤、皮下组织及骨骼传递到人的听觉神经，从而使人听到声音。
发明内容
本发明实施例之一提供了一种骨传导扬声器，包括面板和驱动装置；所述驱动装置用于产生驱动力；所述面板与所述驱动装置具有传动连接；所述面板的全部或局部用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠，以传导声音；所述面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域具有法线，所述驱动力所在直线与所述法线不平行。
在一些实施例中，设定驱动力所在直线具有经面板指向骨传导扬声器外的正方向，设定所述法线具有指向骨传导扬声器外的正方向，则两条直线在其正方向上的夹角为锐角。
在一些实施例中，所述驱动装置包括线圈以及磁路系统，线圈与磁路系统的轴线与所述法线不平行；所述轴线与线圈径向平面和/或磁路系统径向平面垂直。
在一些实施例中，还包括外壳；所述外壳与所述面板之间具有连接介质，或者所述外壳与所述面板一体成型。
在一些实施例中，所述线圈通过第一传动路径与所述面板和/或所述外壳连接；所述磁路系统通过第二传动路径与所述面板和/或所述外壳连接。
在一些实施例中，所述第一传动路径包括连接件，所述第二传动路径包括传振片；所述连接件的刚度高于所述传振片的刚度。
在一些实施例中，所述第一传动路径或第二传动路径上某一组件的刚度正相关于该部件的弹性模量及厚度，负相关于该部件的表面积。
在一些实施例中，所述连接件上设置有加强筋。
在一些实施例中，所述加强筋为立面或支杆。
在一些实施例中，所述连接件为空心柱体，所述空心柱体的一个端面与线圈的一个端面连接，所述柱体的另一端面与所述面板和/或外壳连接。
在一些实施例中，所述连接件为一组连接杆，各连接杆的一端与线圈的一个端面连接，各连接杆的另一端与所述面板和/或外壳连接；各连接杆围绕所述线圈周向分布。
在一些实施例中，所述驱动力在xoy平面坐标系的第一象限和/或第三象限内具有分量；其中，xoy平面坐标系的原点o位于骨传导扬声器与人体接触面上，x轴与人体冠状轴平行，y轴与人体矢状轴平行，且x轴正方向朝向人体外侧，y轴正方向朝向人体前方。
在一些实施例中，所述驱动装置数量至少为2；各驱动装置产生的驱动力组成的合力所在直线与所述法线不平行。
在一些实施例中，第一驱动装置产生的第一驱动力所在直线与所述法线平行，第二驱动装置产生的第二驱动力所在直线与所述法线垂直。
在一些实施例中，所述面板的面积范围为20mm 2～1000mm 2。
在一些实施例中，所述面板的边长的长度范围为5mm～40mm，或者为18mm～25mm，或者为11～18mm。
在一些实施例中，所述驱动力所在直线与所述法线之间的夹角为5°～80°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为15°～70°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为25°～50°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为25°～40°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为28°～35°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为27°～32°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为30°～35°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为25°～60°之间的任 意值，或者所述夹角为28°～50°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为30°～39°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为31°～38°之间的任意值，所述夹角为32°～37°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为33°～36°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为33°～35.8°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为33.5°～35°之间的任意值。
在一些实施例中，所述驱动力所在直线与所述法线之间的夹角为26°±0.2、27°±0.2、28°±0.2、29°±0.2、30°±0.2、31°±0.2、32°±0.2、33°±0.2、34°±0.2、34.2°±0.2、35°±0.2、35.8°±0.2、36°±0.2、37°±0.2或38°±0.2。
在一些实施例中，所述面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域为平面。
在一些实施例中，所述面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域为准平面；当所述面板所述区域为准平面时，所述区域的法线为所述区域的平均法线；
其中，平均法线为：
Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-000002
为平均法线；
Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-000003
为面上任意一点的法线，ds为面元；
所述准平面为其上任意一点的法线与其平均法线的夹角小于设定阈值的面。
在一些实施例中，所述设定阈值小于10°。
本申请实施例之一提供了另一种骨传导扬声器，包括面板和驱动装置；面板与驱动装置具有传动连接；所述面板的全部或局部用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠，以传导声音；所述面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域具有法线；所述驱动装置的轴线与所述法线不平行；所述驱动装置包括线圈及磁路系统，驱动装置的轴线与线圈径向平面和/或磁路系统径向平面垂直。
在一些实施例中，还包括外壳；所述外壳与所述面板之间具有连接介质，或者所述外壳与所述面板一体成型。
在一些实施例中，所述线圈通过连接件与面板和/或外壳连接。
在一些实施例中，所述连接件上设置有加强筋。
在一些实施例中，所述加强筋为立面或支杆。
在一些实施例中，所述连接件的一侧短于其另一侧，以使得所述线圈的轴线与所述法线不平行。
在一些实施例中，所述连接件为空心柱体，所述空心柱体的一个端面与线圈的一个端面连接，所述柱体的另一端面与所述面板和/或外壳连接。
在一些实施例中，所述连接件为一组连接杆，各连接杆的一端与线圈的一个端面连接，各连接杆的另一端与所述面板和/或外壳连接；各连接杆围绕所述线圈周向分布。
在一些实施例中，所述面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域为平面。
在一些实施例中，所述面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域为准平面；当所述面板所述区域为准平面时，所述区域的法线为所述区域的平均法线；
其中，平均法线为：
Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-000005
为平均法线；
Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-000006
为面上任意一点的法线，ds为面元；
所述准平面为其上任意一点的法线与其平均法线的夹角小于设定阈值的面。
在一些实施例中，所述设定阈值小于10°。
在一些实施例中，所述面板的面积范围为20mm 2～1000mm 2。
在一些实施例中，所述面板的边长的长度范围为5mm～40mm，或者为18mm～25mm，或者为11～18mm。
在一些实施例中，设定驱动装置的轴线具有经面板指向骨传导扬声器外的正方向，设定所述法线具有指向骨传导扬声器外的正方向，则两条直线在其正方向上的夹角为锐角。
在一些实施例中，所述驱动力所在直线与所述法线之间的夹角为5°～80°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为15°～70°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为25°～50°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为25°～40°之间的任意值，或者所 述夹角为28°～35°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为27°～32°之间的任意值；或者所述夹角为30°～35°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为25°～60°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为28°～50°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为30°～39°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为31°～38°之间的任意值，所述夹角为32°～37°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为33°～36°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为33°～35.8°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为33.5°～35°之间的任意值。
在一些实施例中，所述驱动力所在直线与所述法线之间的夹角为26°±0.2、27°±0.2、28°±0.2、29°±0.2、30°±0.2、31°±0.2、32°±0.2、33°±0.2、34°±0.2、34.2°±0.2、35°±0.2、35.8°±0.2、36°±0.2、37°±0.2或38°±0.2。
本发明又一实施例提供了又一种骨传导扬声器，包括面板和至少两个驱动装置；所述面板与两个驱动装置均具有传动连接；所述面板的全部或局部用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠，以传导声音；所述面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域具有法线；其中，第一驱动装置的轴线与所述法线平行，第二驱动装置的轴线与所述法线垂直；所述驱动装置包括线圈及磁路系统，驱动装置的轴线与线圈径向平面和/或磁路系统径向平面垂直。
在一些实施例中，所述面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域为平面。
在一些实施例中，所述面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域为准平面；当所述面板所述区域为准平面时，所述区域的法线为所述区域的平均法线；
其中，平均法线为：
Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-000008
为平均法线；
Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-000009
为面上任意一点的法线，ds为面元；
所述准平面为其上任意一点的法线与其平均法线的夹角小于设定阈值的面。
在一些实施例中，所述设定阈值小于10°。
本发明的实施例之一提供了一种骨传导耳机，包括前述任意一项所述的骨传导扬声器。
本发明的实施例之一提供了一种设置骨传导扬声器的方法，包括：使面板与驱动装置传动连接；所述面板的全部或局部用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠，以传导声音；所述面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域具有法线；设置驱动装置与面板的相对位置，使得所述驱动装置产生的驱动力所在直线与所述法线不平行。
在一些实施例中，设置驱动装置与面板的相对位置，使得所述驱动力在xoy平面坐标系的第一象限和/或第三象限具有分量；其中，xoy平面坐标系的原点o位于骨传导扬声器与人体接触面上，x轴与人体冠状轴平行，y轴与人体矢状轴平行，且x轴正方向朝向人体外侧，y轴正方向朝向人体前方。
在一些实施例中，所述驱动装置数量至少为2；设置各驱动装置与所述面板的相对位置，使得各驱动装置产生的驱动力组成的合力所在直线与所述法线不平行。
在一些实施例中，所述面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域为平面。
在一些实施例中，所述面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域为准平面；当所述面板所述区域为准平面时，所述区域的法线为所述区域的平均法线；
其中，平均法线为：
Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-000011
为平均法线；
Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-000012
为面上任意一点的法线，ds为面元；
所述准平面为其上任意一点的法线与其平均法线的夹角小于设定阈值的面。
在一些实施例中，所述设定阈值小于10°。
附图说明
本发明根据示例性实施例进行了进一步的描述。这些示例性实施例参照附图详细描述。这些实施例是非限制性示例性实施例，其中类似的参考编号在附图的至少两个视图中表示相似的结构，并且其中：
图1是根据本发明提供的一种骨传导扬声器的应用场景及结构示意图；
图2是根据本发明提供的一种夹角方向的示意图；
图3是根据本发明提供的一种骨传导扬声器作用于人体皮肤、骨骼的结构示意图；
图4是根据本发明提供的一种骨传导扬声器的夹角-相对位移关系图；
图5是根据本发明提供的一种骨传导扬声器的频率响应曲线图；
图6是根据本发明提供的不同夹角θ时骨传导扬声器的频率响应曲线低频段部分的示意图；
图7是根据本发明提供的不同面板、外壳的材料的骨传导扬声器的频率响应曲线高频段部分的示意图；
图8是根据本发明的实施例一所示的骨传导扬声器的轴向剖面结构示意图；
图9A是根据本发明的实施例二所示的骨传导扬声器的轴向剖面结构示意图；
图9B是根据本发明的实施例二的产品实例所示的骨传导扬声器的部件拆解结构示意图；
图9C是根据图9B所示的骨传导扬声器的纵向剖面结构示意图；
图9D、9E是本发明一些具体实施例提供的骨传导扬声器中支架的结构示意图；
图10是根据本发明的实施例三所示的骨传导扬声器的轴向剖面结构示意图；
图11是根据本发明的实施例四所示的骨传导扬声器的轴向剖面结构示意图；
图12是根据本发明的实施例五所示的骨传导扬声器的轴向剖面结构示意图；
图13是根据本发明的实施例六所示的骨传导扬声器的轴向剖面结构示意图；
图14是根据本发明的实施例七所示的骨传导扬声器的轴向剖面结构示意图；
图15是根据本发明的实施例八所示的骨传导扬声器的轴向剖面结构示意图；以及
图16是根据本发明的实施例九所示的骨传导扬声器的轴向剖面结构示意图。
图17是根据本发明提供的一种设置骨传导扬声器的方法流程图。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，并不限定本发明的应用范围，对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，可以根据这些附图将本发明应用于其他类似场景。
如本说明书和权利要求书中所示，除非上下文明确提示例外情形，“一”、“一个”、“一种”和/或“该”等词并非特指单数，也可包括复数。一般说来，术语“包括”与“包含”仅提示包括已明确标识的步骤和元素，而这些步骤和元素不构成一个排它性的罗列，方法或者设备也可能包含其它的步骤或元素。术语“基于”是“至少部分地基于”。术语“一个实施例”表示“至少一个实施例”；术语“另一实施例”表示“至少一个另外的实施例”。其他术语的相关定义将在下文描述中给出。
以下，不失一般性，在描述本发明中骨传导相关技术时，将采用“骨传导扬声器”或“骨传导耳机”的描述。该描述仅仅为骨传导应用的一种形式，对于该领域的普通技术人员来说，“扬声器”或“耳机”也可用其他同类词语代替，比如“播放器”、“助听器”等。事实上，本发明中的各种实现方式可以很方便地 应用到其它非扬声器类的听力设备上。例如，对于本领域的专业人员来说，在了解骨传导扬声器的基本原理后，可能在不背离这一原理的情况下，对实施骨传导扬声器的具体方式与步骤进行形式和细节上的各种修正和改变，特别地，在骨传导扬声器中加入环境声音拾取和处理功能，使该扬声器实现助听器的功能。例如，麦克风等传声器可以拾取使用者/佩戴者周围环境的声音，在一定的算法下，将声音处理后(或者产生的电信号)传送至骨传导扬声器部分。即骨传导扬声器可以经过一定的修改，加入拾取环境声音的功能，并经过一定的信号处理后通过骨传导扬声器部分将声音传递给使用者/佩戴者，从而实现骨传导助听器的功能。作为举例，这里所说的算法可以包括噪声消除、自动增益控制、声反馈抑制、宽动态范围压缩、主动环境识别、主动抗噪、定向处理、耳鸣处理、多通道宽动态范围压缩、主动啸叫抑制、音量控制等一种或多种的组合。
骨传导扬声器将声音通过骨头传递给听力系统，从而产生听觉。一般来说，骨传导扬声器主要通过以下几个步骤产生及传导声音：步骤1，骨传导扬声器获取或产生含有声音信息的信号，例如携带音频信息的电流信号和/或电压信号；步骤2，骨传导扬声器中的驱动装置，或称为换能装置，根据信号产生振动；步骤3，通过传动组件将振动传递给扬声器的面板或外壳。
具体的，在步骤1中，骨传导扬声器可以根据不同的方式获取或者产生含有声音信息的信号。声音信息可以指具有特定数据格式的视频、音频文件，也可以指一般意义上能够携带最终可通过特定途径转化为声音的数据或文件。含有声音信息的信号可以来自于骨传导扬声器本身的存储单元，也可以来自于骨传导扬声器以外的信息产生、存储或者传递系统。此处所讨论的声音信号并不局限于电信号，也可包括电信号之外的其它形式的如光信号、磁信号、机械信号等。原则上，只要该信号包含有扬声器可以用以产生振动的声音信息，均可作为声音信号进行处理。声音信号也不局限于一个信号源，可以来自于多个信号源。这些多个信号源可以相关也可以相互无关。声音信号传递或产生的方式可以是有线的也可以是无线的，可以是实时的也可以是延时的。例如，骨传导扬声器可以通过有线或者无线的方式接收含有声音信息的电信号，也可以直接从存储介质上获取数据，产生声音信号。在一些实施例中，骨传导 助听器中可以加入具有声音采集功能的组件，通过拾取环境背景声音，对其接收到的含有声音信号进行处理，可以达到降噪的效果。其中，有线连接包括但不限于使用金属电缆、光学电缆或者金属和光学的混合电缆，例如：同轴电缆、通信电缆、软性电缆、螺旋电缆、非金属护皮电缆、金属护皮电缆、多芯电缆、双绞线电缆、带状电缆、屏蔽电缆、电信电缆、双股电缆、平行双芯导线、和双绞线。
以上描述的例子仅作为方便说明之用，有线连接的媒介还可以是其它类型，例如，其它电信号或光信号等的传输载体。无线连接包括但不限于无线电通信、自由空间光通信、声通讯、和电磁感应等。其中无线电通讯包括但不限于，IEEE302.11系列标准、IEEE302.15系列标准(例如蓝牙技术和紫蜂技术等)、第一代移动通信技术、第二代移动通信技术(例如FDMA、TDMA、SDMA、CDMA、和SSMA等)、通用分组无线服务技术、第三代移动通信技术(例如CDMA2000、WCDMA、TD-SCDMA、和WiMAX等)、第四代移动通信技术(例如TD-LTE和FDD-LTE等)、卫星通信(例如GPS技术等)、近场通信(NFC)和其它运行在ISM频段(例如2.4GHz等)的技术；自由空间光通信包括但不限于可见光、红外线讯号等；声通讯包括但不限于声波、超声波讯号等；电磁感应包括但不限于近场通讯技术等。以上描述的例子仅作为方便说明之用，无线连接的媒介还可以是其它类型，例如，Z-wave技术、其它收费的民用无线电频段和军用无线电频段等。例如，作为本技术的一些应用场景，骨传导扬声器可以通过蓝牙技术从其他设备获取含有声音信息的信号，也可以直接从骨传导扬声器自带的存储单元中直接获取数据，再产生声音信号。
这里所说的存储设备/存储单元，包括直接连接存储(Direct Attached Storage)，网络附加存储(Network Attached Storage)和存储区域网络(Storage Area Network)等存储系统上的存储设备。存储设备包括但不限于常见的各类存储设备如固态存储设备(固态硬盘、固态混合硬盘等)、机械硬盘、USB闪存、记忆棒、存储卡(如CF、SD等)、其他驱动(如CD、DVD、HD DVD、Blu-ray等)、随机存储器(RAM)和只读存储器(ROM)。其中RAM有但不限于：十进计数管、选数管、延迟线存储器、威廉姆斯管、动态随机存储器(DRAM)、静态随机存储器(SRAM)、晶闸管 随机存储器(T-RAM)、和零电容随机存储器(Z-RAM)等；ROM又有但不限于：磁泡存储器、磁钮线存储器、薄膜存储器、磁镀线存储器、磁芯内存、磁鼓存储器、光盘驱动器、硬盘、磁带、早期NVRAM(非易失存储器)、相变化内存、磁阻式随机存储式内存、铁电随机存储内存、非易失SRAM、闪存、电子抹除式可复写只读存储器、可擦除可编程只读存储器、可编程只读存储器、屏蔽式堆读内存、浮动连接门随机存取存储器、纳米随机存储器、赛道内存、可变电阻式内存、和可编程金属化单元等。以上提及的存储设备/存储单元是列举了一些例子，该存储设备/存储单元可以使用的存储设备并不局限于此。
图1是根据本发明提供的一种骨传导扬声器的应用场景及结构示意图。如图1所示，所述骨传导扬声器包括驱动装置101、传动组件102、面板103、以及外壳104等。其中，驱动装置101通过传动组件102将振动信号传送至面板103和/或外壳104，从而通过与面板103或外壳104与人体皮肤的接触，将声音传送至人体。在一些实施例中，骨传导扬声器的面板103和/或外壳104可以在耳屏处与人体皮肤接触，从而将声音传递至人体。在一些实施例中，面板103和/或外壳104也可以在耳廓后侧与人体皮肤接触。
骨传导扬声器可以将含有声音信息的信号转换成振动并产生声音。振动的产生伴随着能量的转换，骨传导扬声器可以使用特定的驱动装置实现信号向机械振动转换。转换的过程中可能包含多种不同类型能量的共存和转换。例如，电信号通过换能装置可以直接转换成机械振动，产生声音。再例如，声音信息包含在光信号中，驱动装置可以实现由光信号转换为振动信号的过程，或者驱动装置可以先将光信号转换为电信号，再将电信号转换为振动信号。其它可以在驱动装置工作过程中共存和转换的能量类型包括热能、磁场能等。驱动装置的能量转换方式包括但不限于动圈式、静电式、压电式、动铁式、气动式、电磁式等。骨传导扬声器的频率响应范围以及音质会受到不同换能方式以及驱动装置中各个物理组件性能的影响。例如，在动圈式换能装置中，缠绕的柱状线圈与传振片相连，受信号电流驱动的线圈在磁场中带动传振片振动发声，传振片材质的伸展和收缩、褶皱的变形、大小、形状以及固定方式，永磁体的磁密度等，都会对骨传导扬声器最终的音效质量带来很大的影响。再例 如，传振片可以是镜面对称的结构、中心对称的结构或者非对称的结构；传振片上可以设置有间断的孔状结构，使传振片产生更大的位移，从而让骨传导扬声器实现更高的灵敏度，提高振动与声音的输出功率；又例如，传振片是圆环体结构，在圆环体内设置向中心辐辏的多个支杆，支杆的个数可以是两个或者更多。
显然，对于本领域的专业人员来说，在了解换能方式及具体装置能够影响骨传导扬声器音效质量的基本原理后，可能在不背离这一原理的情况下，对上述提及的影响因素进行适当的取舍、组合、修正或改变，从而获得理想的音质。例如，采用高磁密度的永磁体，更理想的振动板材料以及设计，能够获得更好的音质。
这里使用的术语“音质”可以理解为能够反映出声音的质量，指经处理、传输等过程后音频的保真度。音质主要由响度、音调和音色三要素来描述。响度是人耳对声音强弱的主观感受，其正比于声音强度的对数值，声音强度越大听起来感到越响亮。而且与声音的频率和波形有关。音调，又称音高，是指人耳对声音振动频率高低的主观感受。音调主要取决于声音的基波频率，基频越高，音调越高，同时它还与声音的强度有关。音色是指人耳对声音特色的主观感觉。音色主要取决于声音的频谱结构，还与声音的响度、持续时间、建立过程及衰变过程等因素有关。声音的频谱结构是用基频、谐频数目、谐频分布情况、幅度大小以及相位关系来描述的。不同的频谱结构，就有不同的音色。即使基频和响度相同，如果谐波结构不同，音色也不相同。
如图1所示，根据本发明一些具体实施例提供的骨传导扬声器，驱动装置101产生的驱动力所在直线B(或者说驱动装置的振动方向)，与面板103的法线A具有一个夹角θ。或者说，直线B与直线A不平行。
面板上具有与使用者身体，如人体皮肤，接触或抵靠的区域。应当理解为，当面板上覆盖有其他材料(如硅胶等软性材料)以增强用户佩戴舒适感时，面板与使用者身体的关系则不为直接接触，而是相互抵靠。在一些实施例中，当骨传导扬声器佩戴在使用者身体上后，面板的全部区域与使用者身体接触或抵靠。在一些实施例中，当骨传导扬声器佩戴在使用者身体上后，面板的部分区域与使用者身体接触或抵靠。在一些实施例中，面板上用于与使用者身 体接触或抵靠的区域可以占整个面板面积的50％以上，更优选的，可以占面板面积的60％以上。一般来说，面板上与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域可以是平面或者曲面。
在一些实施例中，当面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域为平面时，其法线满足法线的一般定义。在一些实施例中，当面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域为曲面时，其法线为该区域的平均法线。
其中，平均法线的定义如下：
Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-000014
为平均法线；
Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-000015
为曲面上任意一点的法线，ds为面元。
更进一步地，所述曲面为接近平面的准平面，即所述曲面上至少50％区域内任意一点的法线与其平均法线的夹角小于设定阈值的面。在一些实施例中，所述设定阈值小于10°；在一些实施例中，所述设定阈值可以进一步小于5°。
在一些实施例中，所述驱动力所在直线B与面板103上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域的法线A’具有所述夹角θ。所述夹角θ的数值范围可以为0＜θ＜180°，进一步其数值范围可以为0＜θ＜180°且不等于90°。在一些实施例中，设定直线B具有指向骨传导扬声器外的正方向，设定面板103的法线A(或者面板103与人体皮肤接触面的法线A’)也具有指向骨传导扬声器外的正方向，则直线A或A’与直线B在其正方向上形成的夹角θ为锐角，即0＜θ＜90°。
图2是根据本发明提供的一种夹角方向的示意图。如图2所示，在一些实施例中，驱动装置产生的驱动力在xoy平面坐标系的第一象限和/或第三象限内具有分量。其中，xoy平面坐标系为一个参考坐标系，其原点o位于骨传导扬声器佩戴在人体上后，面板和/或外壳与人体的接触面上，x轴与人体冠状轴平行，y轴与人体矢状轴平行，且x轴正方向朝向人体外侧，y轴正方向朝向人体前方。象限应当被理解为平面直角坐标系中的横轴(如x轴)和纵轴(如y轴)所划分的四个区域，每一个区域叫做一个象限。象限以原点为中心，x、y轴为分界线。右上的(x轴的正半轴与y轴的正半轴围成的区域)称为第一象 限，左上的(x轴的负半轴与y轴的正半轴围成的区域)称为第二象限，左下的(x轴的负半轴与y轴的负半轴围成的区域)称为第三象限，右下的(x轴的正半轴与y轴的负半轴围成的区域)称为第四象限。其中，坐标轴上的点不属于任何象限。应当理解为，本实施例所述驱动力可以直接位于所述xoy平面坐标系的第一象限和/或第三象限中，或者所述驱动力朝向其他方向，但是在所述xoy平面坐标系的第一象限和/或第三象限中的投影或分量不为0，以及在z轴方向的投影或分量可以为0或不为0。其中，z轴垂直于所述xoy平面，且经过所述原点o。在一些具体实施例中，驱动力所在直线与面板上与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域的法线之间的最小夹角θ可以为任意锐角，例如夹角θ的范围优选为5°～80°；更优选为15°～70°；再优选为25°～60°；再优选为25°～50°；再优选为28°～50°；再优选为30°～39°；再优选为31°～38°；更优选为32°～37°；更优先选为33°～36°；更优先选为33°～35.8°；更优先选为33.5°～35°。具体的，夹角θ可以是26°、27°、28°、29°、30°、31°、32°、33°、34°、34.2°、35°、35.8°、36°、37°或38°等，误差控制在0.2度以内。需要说明的是，上述对驱动力方向的说明不应理解为本发明中驱动力的限制，在其他实施例中，所述驱动力还可以在xoy平面坐标系中的第二、四象限具有分量，甚至所述驱动力还可以位于y轴上等等。
图3是根据本发明提供的骨传导扬声器作用于人体皮肤、骨骼的结构示意图。骨传导扬声器接收、拾取或产生含有声音信息的信号，通过驱动装置将声音信息转换成声音振动，并通过传动组件将振动传递给与面板或外壳接触的人体皮肤320，进一步将振动传递给人体骨骼310，使用户最终听到声音。不失一般性，以上描述的听力系统、感觉器官等的主体可以是人，也可以是具有听力系统的动物。需要注意的是，以下对于人类使用骨传导扬声器的描述并不构成对骨传导扬声器使用场景的限制，类似的描述同样可以适用于其它动物。
如图3所示，所述骨传导扬声器包括驱动装置(在其他实施例中也可称为换能装置)，传动组件303，面板301，以及外壳302。
面板301的振动通过组织与骨骼传递到听觉神经，从而使人听到声音。面板301与人体皮肤可以是直接接触的，也可以通过由特定材料组成的振 动传递层与皮肤接触。面板301与人体贴合的部位可以是在耳屏附近的位置，也可以是乳突，耳后或其他位置。
面板的物理属性，例如质量、大小、形状、刚度、振动阻尼等都会影响面板振动的效率。本领域的技术人员可以根据实际需要选择适当材料做成的面板，或者使用不同模具将面板注塑成不同的形状，例如，面板的形状可以设置成长方形、圆形或椭圆形；又或者，面板的形状可以是将长方形、圆形或椭圆形的边缘进行切割后所获得的形状(例如但不限于，将圆形对称切割获得类似椭圆或跑道的形状等)，进一步优选地，面板可以设置成镂空的。仅仅作为示例，面板的面积大小可以根据需要进行设置，在一些具体实施例中，面板面积的范围可以是20mm 2～1000mm 2，具体的，面板的边长范围可以是5mm～40mm，或者18mm～25mm，或者11mm～18mm。例如，面板为长度为22mm，宽度为14mm的长方形，又例如面板为长轴25mm，短轴为15mm的椭圆。
这里所说的面板材料包括但不限于，钢材、合金、塑胶和单一或复合材料。其中，钢材包括但不限于不锈钢、碳素钢等。合金包括但不限于铝合金、铬钼钢、钪合金、镁合金、钛合金、镁锂合金、镍合金等。塑胶包括但不限于丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene,ABS)、聚苯乙烯(Polystyrene,PS)、高冲击聚苯乙烯(High impact polystyrene,HIPS)、聚丙烯(Polypropylene,PP)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(Polyethylene terephthalate,PET)、聚酯(Polyester,PES)、聚碳酸酯(Polycarbonate,PC)、聚酰胺(Polyamides,PA)、聚氯乙烯(Polyvinyl chloride,PVC)、聚乙烯和吹塑尼龙等。对于，单一或复合材料，包括但不限于玻璃纤维、碳纤维、硼纤维、石墨纤维、石墨烯纤维、碳化硅纤维或芳纶纤维等增强材料；也可以是其他有机和/或无机材料的复合物，例如玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯、环氧树脂或酚醛树脂基体组成的各类玻璃钢等。
在其他一些实施例中，骨传导扬声器的面板外侧包裹着振动传递层，振动传递层与皮肤接触，面板和振动传递层组成的振动体系将产生的声音振动传递给人体组织。所述振动传递层可以为多层。振动传递层可以是由一种或多种材料制成，不同振动传递层的材料构成可以相同，也可以不同；多层振动传 递层之间可以是在面板垂直的方向上相互叠加，也可以是在面板水平的方向上铺开排列，振动传递层还可以和面板呈一定角度进行叠加，并且每一层和面板之间的角度可以相同也可以不同，或者以上述方式任意进行组合。振动传递层的构成可以是具有一定吸附性、柔性、化学性的材料，例如塑料(例如但不限于高分子聚乙烯、吹塑尼龙、工程塑料等)，橡胶，也可以是能达到同样性能的其他单一或复合材料。
在一些实施例中，当骨传导扬声器佩戴在使用者身体上后，面板的全部区域与使用者身体接触或抵靠。在一些实施例中，当骨传导扬声器佩戴在使用者身体上后，面板的部分区域与使用者身体接触或抵靠。在一些实施例中，面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域可以占整个面板面积的50％以上，更优选的，可以占面板面积的60％以上。一般来说，使用者的皮肤较平，将面板与皮肤的贴合区域设置为平面或没有较大的起伏的准平面时，面板能够与皮肤的贴合面积更大，进而使得音量更大。例如，面板可以是中间为平面，边缘具有圆弧倒角的复合构造。这样的好处之一是使得面板既与人体皮肤充分接触，又有曲面保证不同人佩戴时的适配性。
在一些实施例中，面板301可以与外壳302配合形成一个封闭或准封闭(如面板或外壳上开设有孔)的空腔，以容纳驱动装置。具体的，面板301与外壳302可以为一体成型，即面板与外壳使用相同的材料制成，且两者在结构上没有明确的分界。或者面板301也可以采用卡接、铆接、热熔或焊接的方式连接在外壳302上。在又一些实施例中，面板301与外壳302通过连接介质相连。所述连接介质可以粘合剂，例如聚氨酯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯酸酯、乙烯—醋酸乙烯共聚物、虫胶、丁基橡胶等。连接介质还可以包括具有具体构造的连接部件，例如传振片、连接杆等。外壳、面板本身的刚度以及外壳和面板之间的连接刚度都会对扬声器的频响产生影响。在一些实施例中，外壳和面板均使用刚度较大的材料制成，而外壳与面板之间的连接介质的刚度较小，驱动装置振动时，面板与外壳不同步振动。在另一些实施例中，外壳与面板均使用刚度较大的材料制成，外壳和面板之间的连接刚度也较大，导致振动系统的整体刚度变大，因此会使得谐振部分含有更多的高频成分。在一些实施例中，可以通过调整面板和外壳的刚度，使面板和外壳的刚度增大，可以将高频区的峰谷 调节至更高频的频段区域。关于部件刚度与音质的关系的更多描述可以参见文中其他内容(例如，图7)。
在一些实施例中，所述外壳具有较大的刚度，且质量较轻，能够作为整体进行机械振动，并且所述外壳能够保证振动的一致性，形成相互抵消的漏音，保证音质好，音量大。在一些实施例中，外壳上可以无孔，也可以有孔。例如，外壳上有孔可以用来调节骨传导扬声器漏音。
所述刚度可以理解为材料或结构在受力时抵抗弹性变形的能力，其与部件的材料的弹性模量、形状、结构或安装方式相关。例如，部件的刚度正相关于该部件的弹性模量及厚度，负相关于该部件的表面积。在具体实施例中，部件可以是面板、外壳或传动组件等等。具体的，面板等片状部件的刚度可以用下述表达式表示：k∝(Eh^3)/d^2，其中k为面板刚度，E为面板弹性模量，h为面板厚度，d为面板半径。由此可知，面板半径越小、厚度越厚、弹性模量越大，对应的面板刚度越大。在又一些实施例中，杆状或条状的传动组件的刚度可以用下述表达式表示：k∝(Eh^3w)/l^3，其中k为传动组件的刚度，E为传动组件弹性模量，h为传动组件的厚度，w为传动组件的宽度，l为传动组件的长度。由此可知，传动组件的长度越小、厚度越厚、宽度越大、弹性模量越大，对应的传动组件刚度越大。
在一些实施例中，驱动装置位于面板与外壳形成的封闭或准封闭空间(例如，面板或外壳上有开孔的情形)中；在又一些实施例中，驱动装置位于外壳形成的封闭或准封闭空间中，面板独立于外壳设置。关于面板与外壳分离设置的情形可以进一步参见图15及其相关说明。驱动装置用于将电信号转换成不同频率、幅度的振动，驱动装置的工作方式包括但不限于动圈、动铁、压电陶瓷或者其他的工作方式。
仅仅作为示例，以下以动圈方式为例，进一步阐述。在图3中，驱动装置为动圈驱动方式，包括线圈304及磁路组件307。
磁路组件307可以包括第一磁性元件3071、第一导磁元件3072和第二导磁元件3073。在本申请中描述的磁性元件是指可以产生磁场的元件，例如磁铁等。所述磁性元件可以具有磁化方向，所述磁化方向是指在所述磁性元件内部的磁场方向。第一磁性元件3071可以包括一个或多个磁铁。在一些实施例 中，所述磁铁可以包括金属合金磁铁，铁氧体等。其中，金属合金磁铁可以包括钕铁硼、钐钴、铝镍钴、铁铬钴、铝铁硼、铁碳铝，或类似的，或其中多种的组合。铁氧体可以包括钡铁氧体，钢铁氧体，美锰铁氧体，锂锰铁氧体，或类似的，或其中多种组合。
导磁元件也可以称为磁场集中器或铁芯，其可以调整磁场(例如，第一磁性元件3071产生的磁场)的分布。在一些实施例中，第一导磁元件3072的下表面可以连接第一磁性元件3071的上表面。第二导磁元件3073可以是一个凹形结构，具体的，可以包括底壁和侧壁。第二导磁元件3073的底壁内侧可以连接第一磁性元件3071，侧壁可以环绕第一磁性元件3071并和第一磁性元件3071之间形成一个磁间隙。第一导磁元件3072、第二导磁元件3073与第一磁性元件3071之间的连接方式可以包括粘接、卡接、焊接、铆接、螺栓连接等一种或多种组合。
所述导磁元件可以包括由软磁材料加工而成的元件。在一些实施例中，所述软磁材料可以包括金属材料、金属合金、金属氧化物材料、非晶金属材料等，例如铁、铁硅系合金、铁铝系合金、镍铁系合金、铁钴系合金、低碳钢、硅钢片、矽钢片、铁氧体等。在一些实施例中，可以通过铸造、塑性加工、切削加工、粉末冶金等一种或多种组合的方法加工所述导磁体。铸造可以包括砂型铸造、熔模铸造、压力铸造、离心铸造等；塑性加工可以包括轧制、铸造、锻造、冲压、挤压、拔制等一种或多种组合；切削加工可以包括车削、铣削、刨削、磨削等。在一些实施例中，所述导磁体的加工方法可以包括3D打印、数控机床等。
应当理解，上述对驱动装置构造的描述不应作为本发明的限制。在其他一些实施例中，磁路组件中的磁性元件数量为多个，多个磁性元件从上到下叠放在一起，相邻磁性元件中可以设置额外的导磁元件，在最顶端的磁性元件上表面可以设置又一导磁元件。磁性元件为产生磁场的元件，导磁元件则用于调整磁场的分布，根据特定的磁场分布要求设置的磁路组件结构都可以用于本发明中的骨传导扬声器，对此本发明不做任何限制。
线圈304可以设置在第一磁性元件3071和第二导磁元件3073之间的磁间隙中。位于磁间隙中的线圈304通电后，在安培力(即驱动力)的作用下 产生振动，同时磁路组件307会受到反作用力并产生振动。所述驱动装置还包括传动组件303，传动组件303用于将线圈304和/或磁路组件307的振动传递给面板和/或外壳。其中，安培力(Ampere's force)是通电导线在磁场中受到的作用力，其方向垂直于由通电导线和磁场方向所确定的平面，可以左手定则判定。当电流方向与磁场方向改变时，安培力的方向也会发生改变。在一些实施例中，磁路组件产生的磁场的静态的，当电流方向改变时，驱动力方向会在一条直线上正反切换其方向，这条直线则可以视为驱动力所在直线。线圈受到驱动力的作用会产生振动，与此同时，磁路组件因收到反作用力也会产生振动，两者的振动一般是在同一直线上，只是方向相反，这条直线可以视为振动所在直线，其与驱动力所在直线等同(即平行)或相同。
在一些实施例中，线圈的振动通过第一传动组件传递给面板和/或外壳，磁路组件的振动通过第二传动组件传递给面板和/或外壳。
在一些实施例中，通电后，线圈在安培力的作用下产生振动，线圈的振动通过第一传动组件传递至面板和/或外壳上，线圈与磁路组件通过磁场相互作用，磁路组件受到的反作用力进而也产生振动，磁路组件的振动通过第二传动组件传递至面板和/或外壳，在一些具体实施中，传动组件可以包括连接杆、连接柱和/或传振片等。在一些实施例中，传动组件可以具有适度弹性力以便在传递振动的过程中有减震的效果，可以减少传递到外壳的振动能量，从而有效抑制外壳振动导致的骨传导扬声器向外界漏音，也可以帮助避免可能的异常共振导致的异常声音的发生，达到改善音质的效果。位于外壳内/上不同位置的传动组件对振动的传递效率也会产生不同程度的影响，在一些具体实施例中，传动组件可以使得驱动装置处于悬吊或支撑等不同的状态。传振片可以是具有较小厚度的弹片，具体的传振片的主体可以是环形结构，在环体结构内设置向中心辐辏的多个支杆或多个连接片，支杆或连接片的个数可以是两个或者更多。关于传动组件的更多描述可以参见文中其他内容(如具体实施例部分)。
在一些具体实施例中，驱动力所在的直线与驱动装置振动所在的直线共线或平行。例如，在动圈原理的驱动装置中，驱动力的方向可以与线圈和/或磁路组件的振动方向相同或相反。面板可以为平面，也可以为曲面，或者面板上具有若干凸起或凹槽。在一些实施例中，当骨传导扬声器佩戴在使用者身体 上后，面板上与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域的法线与所述驱动力所在的直线不平行。一般来说，面板上与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域较为平坦，具体可以是平面，或者曲度变化不大的准平面。当面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域为平面时，其上任意一点的法线均可以作为所述区域的法线。当面板上用于与使用者身体接触面板为非平面时，所述区域的法线可以为其平均法线。关于平均法线的详细定义可以参见图1中的相关描述，在此不再赘述。在其他一些实施例中，当面板上用于与使用者身体接触面板为非平面时，所述区域的法线还可以如下确定，选定面板与人体皮肤接触时的一个区域中的某一点，确定面板在该点处的切平面，再确定过该点且与所述切平面垂直的直线，将该直线作为所述面板的所述法线。根据本发明一个具体实施例，所述驱动力所在直线(或驱动装置振动所在直线)与所述区域的法线具有夹角θ，所述夹角0＜θ＜180°。在一些具体实施例中，当指定驱动力所在直线具有经面板(或者面板和/或外壳与人体皮肤接触面)指向骨传导扬声器外的正方向，指定面板(或者面板和/或外壳与人体皮肤接触面)法线具有指向骨传导扬声器外的正方向，这两条直线在正方向上形成的夹角为锐角。
更进一步地，在一些实施例中，所述骨传导扬声器300，包括面板301、外壳302、第一传动组件303、线圈304、传振片305、第二传动组件306、和磁路组件307。线圈304与磁路组件307的振动可以经由不同的路径传递到面板301和/或外壳302。例如，线圈304的振动可以通过第一传动路径传输出面板301和/或外壳302，磁路组件307的振动通过第二传动路径传输至面板301和/或外壳302。其中第一传动路径可以包括第一传动组件303，第二传动路径包括第二传动组件306、传振片305以及第一传动组件303。具体的，第一传动组件303的一部分为具有凸缘的结构，所述凸缘为与线圈304结构相适应的环形，且凸缘与线圈304的一个端面连接，第一传动组件303的另一部分为连接杆，连接杆与面板和/或外壳连接。线圈304全部或部分套接于磁路组件307的磁间隙中。在第二传动路径中，第二传动组件306连接于磁路组件307及传振片305之间，传振片305的边缘固定于第一传动组件303的凸缘上。传振片305的中心可以与第二传动组件306的一端连接，传振片305的边缘可以与第一传动组件303的凸缘内侧连接，其连接方式可以是卡接、热压、铆接、 粘结、或注塑等方式。需要说明的是，第一传动路径与第二传动路径还可以具有其他构造，不应将本实施例作为传动组件的限制，关于传动组件更多的结构描述可参见文中其他部分。
在一些实施例中，线圈304与磁路组件307均为环状结构，在一些实施例中线圈304与磁路组件307具有相互平行的轴线，线圈304或磁路组件307的轴线与线圈304径向平面和/或磁路组件307径向平面垂直。在又一些实施例中，线圈304与磁路组件307具有相同的中心轴线，线圈304的中心轴线与线圈304径向平面垂直，且经过线圈304的几何中心，磁路组件307的中心轴线与磁路组件307径向平面垂直，且经过磁路组件307的几何中心。线圈304或磁路组件307的轴线与面板301的法线具有前述夹角θ。
在本实施例中，通电后的线圈304在磁路组件307产生的磁场中产生安培力并发生振动，将线圈304的振动通过第一传动组件303传递到面板
301，以及通过磁路组件307受到的反作用力发生振动，将磁路组件307产生的振动通过第二传动组件306、传振片305、第一传动组件303传递到面板301，然后将线圈304的振动与磁路组件307的振动通过面板301传递至人体的皮肤、骨骼，使人听到声音。简单的说，通过线圈304产生的振动和磁路组件307产生的振动形成复合振动传递至面板301，然后通过面板301将复合振动传递到人体的皮肤、骨骼时，使人听到骨传导声音。
仅仅作为示例，下面结合图3，阐述驱动力F与皮肤变形S之间的关系。当驱动装置产生的驱动力所在直线与面板301法线平行时(也就是夹角θ为零)，驱动力与皮肤总形变的关系为F ⊥＝S ⊥×E×A/h(1)，其中F ⊥为驱动力大小，S ⊥为皮肤在垂直皮肤方向的总形变，E为皮肤的弹性模量，A为面板与皮肤的接触面积，h为皮肤的总厚度(也即面板与骨骼之间的距离)。
当驱动装置的驱动力所在直线与面板上与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域的法线垂直时(也就是夹角θ为90度)，垂直方向的驱动力与皮肤总形变的关系可以如公式(2)所示：
F //＝S //×G×A/h   (2)
其中F //为驱动力大小，S //为皮肤在平行皮肤方向的总形变，G为皮肤的剪切模量， A为面板与皮肤的接触面积，h为皮肤的总厚度(也即面板与骨骼之间的距离)。剪切模量G与弹性模量E之间的关系为G＝E/2(1+γ)，其中γ为皮肤的泊松比0<γ<0.5，因而剪切模量G小于弹性模量E，对应在相同的驱动力下皮肤的总形变S //>S ⊥。通常，皮肤的泊松比接近0.4。
当驱动装置产生驱动力所在直线与面板与使用者身体接触的区域的法线不平行时，水平方向驱动力与垂直方向的驱动力分别表示为以下的公式(3)和公式(4)：
F ⊥＝F×cos(θ)   (3)
F //＝F×sin(θ)   (4)
其中，驱动力F与皮肤变形S之间的关系可由以下公式(5)表示：
Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-000016
当皮肤的泊松比为0.4时，夹角θ与皮肤总形变之间的关系的详细描述可以在图4中找到。
图4是根据本发明提供的一种骨传导扬声器的夹角-相对位移关系图。如图4所示，夹角θ与皮肤总形变之间的关系为夹角θ越大，相对位移越大，则皮肤总形变S越大。皮肤在垂直皮肤方向形变S ⊥随着夹角θ的变大，相对位移变小，皮肤在垂直皮肤方向形变S ⊥变小；并且在夹角θ接近90度时，皮肤在垂直皮肤方向形变S ⊥逐渐趋向于0。
骨传导耳机在低频部分的音量与皮肤总变形S正相关。S越大，骨传导低频的音量越大。骨传导耳机在高频部分的音量与皮肤在垂直皮肤方向形变S ⊥正相关。S ⊥越大，骨传导低频的音量越大。
当皮肤的泊松比为0.4时，夹角θ与皮肤总形变S,皮肤在垂直皮肤方向形变S ⊥之间的关系的详细描述可以在图4中找到。如图4所示，夹角θ与皮肤总形变S之间的关系为夹角θ越大，皮肤总形变S越大，对应骨传导耳机的低频部分音量越大。如图4所示，夹角θ与皮肤在垂直皮肤方向形变S⊥之间的关系为夹角θ越大，皮肤在垂直皮肤方向形变S⊥越小，对应骨传导耳机的高频部分音量越小。
通过方程(4)以及图4的曲线可以看出，随着夹角θ的增大，皮肤总 形变S增大的速度与皮肤在垂直皮肤方向形变S ⊥减小的速度不同。皮肤总形变S增大的速度先变快后变慢，皮肤在垂直皮肤方向形变S ⊥减小的速度越来越快。为平衡骨传导耳机低频与高频的音量，夹角θ要在一个合适的大小。例如θ的范围为5°～80°，或者为15°～70°,或者为25°～50°,或者为25°～35°，或者为25°～30°等等。
图5是根据本发明提供的一种骨传导扬声器的频率响应曲线图。如图5所示，坐标横轴为振动频率，纵轴为骨传导耳机的振动强度。在一些实施例中，在频率从500～6000Hz的频响范围内，频响曲线越平直，认为骨传导耳机表现出的音质越好。骨传导耳机的结构、零部件的设计、材料属性等都可能对频响曲线产生影响。一般的，低频指的是小于500Hz的声音，中频指是500Hz-4000Hz范围的声音，高频是指大于4000Hz的声音。如图5所示，骨传导耳机的频率响应曲线可以在低频区具有两个谐振峰(510和520)，在高频区具有第一高频谷530、第一高频峰540和第二高频峰550。低频区的两个谐振峰(510和520)可以为传振片和耳机固定组件共同作用产生。第一高频谷530和第一高频峰540可以为外壳侧面在高频下变形而产生的，第二高频峰550可以为外壳面板在高频下变形产生的。
所述不同谐振峰、高频峰/谷的位置与对应组件的刚度有关。所述刚度就是通常所说的软硬程度，是材料或结构受力时抵抗弹性变形的能力。刚度和材料本身的杨氏模量及结构尺寸有关。刚度越大，结构受力时变形越小。如上所述，频率从500～6000Hz的频响对于骨传导耳机尤为关键，在这个频率范围内，不希望出现很尖锐的峰谷，频响曲线越平坦，耳机的音质越好。在一些实施例中，可以通过调整外壳面板和外壳背面的刚度，可以将高频区的峰谷调节至更高频的区域。
图6是根据本发明提供的不同夹角θ时骨传导扬声器的频率响应曲线低频段部分的示意图。如图6所示，面板与皮肤接触，将振动传递到皮肤。在这个过程中，皮肤也会影响骨传导扬声器的振动，从而影响到骨传导扬声器的频率响应曲线。从上面的分析中，我们发现夹角度越大，相同的驱动力下皮肤的总形变越大，而对应骨传导扬声器来说，相当于皮肤相对其面板部分的弹性减小。进一步地可以理解为，在驱动装置的驱动力所在直线与面板上与使用者身体接触或抵靠区域的法线形成一定夹角θ时，尤其是当夹角θ加大时，可以 将频率响应曲线中的低频区域的谐振峰调节至更低频的区域，使低频下潜更深，低频增多。相对于其他提高声音中低频成分的技术手段，如在骨传导扬声器中增设传振片，设置所述夹角能够在提高低频能量的同时有效抑制振动感的增加，进而使振动感相对减少，使得骨传导扬声器低频灵敏度显著提高，提高音质和人体的体验感。应当注意的是，在一些实施例中，低频增多，振动感少可以表现为夹角θ在(0，90°)范围内增大时，振动或声音信号中的低频范围的能量增加了，同时振动感也增加了，但是低频范围的能量增加的程度比振动感增加的程度更大，因此，在相对效果上，振动感相对减小了。
从图6可以看出，夹角较大时，低频区的谐振峰出现在更低频段处，可以变相地延长频率曲率平坦的部分，从而提高耳机的音质。
图7是根据本发明提供的不同面板、外壳的材料的骨传导扬声器的频率响应曲线高频段部分的示意图。如图7所示，当面板、外壳的材料较硬时，其第一高频峰和第二高频峰所对应的频率更高；当面板、外壳的材料较软时，其第一高频峰和第二高频峰所对应的频率比面板、外壳的材料较硬时的低。且，当面板、外壳的材料较硬时，其第一高频谷所对应的频率更高；当面板、外壳的材料较软时，其第一高频谷所对应的频率比面板、外壳的材料较硬时的低。可以发现，面板、外壳的刚性(较硬)材料可以提高高频峰/谷出现时所对应的频率值。根据图5的描述可知，频率从1000～10000Hz的频响对于骨传导耳机尤为关键，在这个频率范围内，不希望出现很尖锐的峰谷，频响曲线越平坦，耳机的音质越好。图7中的面板、外壳的刚性(较硬)材料可以变相地延长频率曲率平坦的部分，从而提高耳机的音质。
在一些实施例中，不同组件(例如，外壳、传动组件和驱动装置等)的刚度与其材料的杨氏模量、厚度、大小等有关。以下以外壳的刚度和其材料的关系作为例子来进行说明。在一些实施例中，外壳可以包括外壳面板、外壳背面和外壳侧面。外壳面板、外壳背面和外壳侧面可以采用同样的材料制成，也可以采用不同的材料制成。例如，外壳背面和外壳面板可以采用同种的材料，外壳侧面可以采用其他材料制成。在一些实施例中，在尺寸不变的条件下，外壳材料的杨氏模量越大，外壳的刚度越大，耳机的频响曲线得峰谷会向高频方向变化，有利于将高频的峰谷调整至更高频率。在一些实施例中，可以 通过调整外壳材料的杨氏模量，将频响曲线在高频的峰谷向更高频率调整。在一些实施例中，使用特定杨氏模量的材料，外壳的杨氏模量可以大于2000MPa，优选地，外壳的杨氏模量可以大于4000MPa，优选地，外壳的杨氏模量大于6000MPa，优选地，外壳的杨氏模量大于8000MPa，优选地，外壳的杨氏模量大于12000MPa，更优选地，外壳的杨氏模量大于15000MPa，进一步优选地，外壳的杨氏模量大于18000MPa。
在一些实施例中，通过调整外壳的刚度，可以使骨传导耳机的频响曲线中的高频峰谷频率不小于1000Hz，优选地，可以使高频峰谷频率不小于2000Hz，优选地，可以使高频峰谷频率不小于4000Hz，优选地，可以使高频峰谷频率不小于6000Hz，更优选地，可以使高频峰谷频率不小于8000Hz，更优选地，可以使高频峰谷频率不小于10000Hz，更优选地，可以使高频峰谷频率不小于12000Hz，进一步优选地，可以使高频峰谷频率不小于14000Hz，进一步优选地，可以使高频峰谷频率不小于16000Hz，进一步优选地，可以使高频峰谷频率不小于18000Hz，进一步优选地，可以使高频峰谷频率不小于20000Hz。在一些实施例中，通过调整外壳的刚度，可以使骨传导耳机的频响曲线中的高频峰谷频率位于人耳听力范围之外。在一些实施例中，通过调整外壳的刚度，可以使耳机的频响曲线中的高频峰谷频率位于人耳听力范围之内。在一些实施例中，当有多个高频峰/谷时，通过调整外壳的刚度，可以使骨传导耳机的频响曲线中的一个或多个高频峰/谷频率位于人耳听力范围之外，其余的一个或多个高频峰/谷频率位于人耳听力范围之内。例如，可以使第二高频峰位于人耳听力范围之外，使第一高频谷和第一高频峰位于人耳听力范围之内。
在一些实施例中，提高外壳的刚度可以通过改变外壳面板、外壳背面和外壳侧面的连接方式实现，以保证外壳整体具有较大的刚度。在一些实施例中，外壳面板、外壳背面和外壳侧面可以是一体成型。在一些实施例中，外壳背面和外壳侧面可以是一体成型结构。外壳面板和外壳侧面可以通过胶水直接粘贴固定，或是通过卡接或焊接的方式进行固定。所述胶水可以是粘性强、硬度较大的胶水。在一些实施例中，外壳面板和外壳侧面可以是一体成型结构，外壳背面和外壳侧面之间可以通过胶水直接粘贴固定，或是通过卡接或焊接的方式进行固定。所述胶水可以是粘性强、硬度较大的胶水。在一些实施例中， 外壳面板、外壳背面和外壳侧面都是独立的部件，三者之间可以通过胶水、卡接或焊接方式中的一种或任意几种的组合进行固定连接。例如，外壳面板和外壳侧面之间通过胶水连接，外壳背面和外壳侧面之间通过卡接或焊接进行连接。或是外壳背面和外壳侧面之间通过胶水连接，外壳面板和外壳侧面之间通过卡接或焊接进行连接。
在一些实施例中，可以通过选用不同杨氏模量的材料进行搭配，提高外壳的整体刚度。在一些实施例中，外壳面板、外壳背面和外壳侧面可以都采用一种材料制成。在一些实施例中，外壳面板、外壳背面和外壳侧面可以采用不同的材料制成，不同材料可以具有相同的杨氏模量或是不同的杨氏模量。在一些实施例中，外壳面板和外壳背面采用同样的材料制成，外壳侧面采用其他材料制成，两种材料的杨氏模量可以相同，也可以不同。例如，外壳侧面的材料的杨氏模量可以大于外壳面板和外壳背面的材料的杨氏模量，或是外壳侧面的材料的杨氏模量可以小于外壳面板和外壳背面的材料的杨氏模量。在一些实施例中，外壳面板和外壳侧面采用同样的材料制成，外壳背面采用其他材料制成，两种材料的杨氏模量可以相同，也可以不同。例如，外壳背面的材料的杨氏模量可以大于外壳面板和外壳侧面的材料的杨氏模量，或是外壳背面的材料的杨氏模量可以小于外壳面板和外壳侧面的材料的杨氏模量。在一些实施例中，外壳背面和外壳侧面采用同样的材料制成，外壳面板采用其他材料制成，两种材料的杨氏模量可以相同，也可以不同。例如，外壳面板的材料的杨氏模量可以大于外壳背面和外壳侧面的材料的杨氏模量，或是外壳面板的材料的杨氏模量可以小于外壳背面和外壳侧面的材料的杨氏模量。在一些实施例中，外壳面板、外壳背面和外壳侧面的材料都不同，三种材料的杨氏模量可以全都相同或是全不相同，且三种材料的杨氏模量均大于2000MPa。
在一些实施例中，可以通过调整传振片和耳机固定组件的刚度，使得骨传导耳机低频区的两个谐振峰频率均小于2000Hz，优选地，可以使骨传导耳机低频区的两个谐振峰频率均小于1000Hz，更优选地，可以使骨传导耳机低频区的两个谐振峰频率均小于500Hz。
在一些实施例中，本申请可以通过对骨传导耳机各部件的刚度(例如，外壳、外壳支架、传振片或耳机固定组件)的调整，将高频区的峰谷向更 高频率调整，将低频谐振峰向低频调整，保证在1000Hz～10000Hz范围内频响曲线平台，提高骨传导耳机的音质。
另一方面，骨传导耳机在进行振动传递的过程中会产生漏音。所述漏音是指骨传导耳机的内部部件振动或外壳的振动会导致周围空气的体积发生变化，使周围空气形成压缩区或稀疏区并向四周传播，导致向周围环境传递声音，使得除了骨传导耳机的佩戴者之外的人员能够听到耳机发出的声音。本申请可以从改变外壳结构、刚度等角度，提供降低骨传导耳机漏音的解决方案。
在一些实施例中，可以通过一种精心设计的包含振动传递层(未示出)的振动产生部分来进一步有效地降低骨传导扬声器漏音。优选地，在振动传递层表面打孔可以降低漏音。例如，振动传递层通胶水与面板粘结，振动传递层上与面板的粘结区域凸起程度高于振动传递层上非粘结区域，在非粘合区域下方为一空腔。振动传递层上非粘合区域和外壳表面分别开设有引声孔。优选地，开设部分引声孔的非粘合区域不与使用者接触。一方面，引声孔可以有效地减小振动传递层上非粘合区域面积，可以使得振动传递层内外空气通透，减小内外气压差，从而减少非粘合区域的振动；另一方面，引声孔可以将外壳内部空气振动所形成的声波引出至外壳的外部，与外壳振动推动壳外空气所形成的漏音声波相消，以降低漏音声波的振幅。
在一些实施例中，所述设置驱动装置产生的驱动力的方向与所述面板的方向具有一夹角的方式并不唯一，在图8-图16中分别从不同的实施例角度对设置驱动装置和面板的方式进行了举例。
实施例一
图8是根据本发明实施例一所示的骨传导扬声器的轴向剖面结构示意图。如图8所示，在一些实施例中，骨传导扬声器800包括面板801、外壳802、第一传动组件803、线圈804、传振片805、和磁路组件806。面板801与外壳802形成一个封闭或准封闭的空腔，包括第一传动组件803、线圈804、传振片805和磁路组件806的驱动装置位于所述空腔中。
在一些实施例中，线圈804与磁路组件806均为环状结构，在一些实施例中，线圈804与磁路组件806具有相互平行的轴线。驱动装置的轴线指线 圈804和/或磁路组件806的轴线。驱动装置的轴线与面板上与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域的法线形成所述夹角θ，0<θ<90°。具体的，驱动装置的轴线与面板与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域的法线形成所述夹角θ。关于线圈804或磁路组件806的轴线及其与所述法线的空间关系可以参见图3中的相关说明，在此不再赘述。
在一些实施例中，第一传动组件803的一部分为具有与线圈804结构相适应的环形结构，且环形结构与线圈804的一个端面连接，第一传动组件803的另一部分为连接杆，连接杆与面板和/或外壳连接。线圈804全部或部分套接于磁路组件806的磁间隙中。线圈804的全部或部分套接于磁路组件806的环形凹槽内。在本实施例中，磁路组件806的一个环形端面与传振片805的外边缘连接，第一传动组件803穿过传振片805的中部区域并与其固定连接。
通电后的线圈804在磁路组件806产生的磁场中产生安培力并发生振动，将线圈804的振动通过第一传动组件803传递到面板801，以及通过磁路组件806受到的反作用力发生振动，将磁路组件806产生的振动通过传振片805直接将振动传递至第一传动组件803，传递到面板801，然后将线圈804的振动与磁路组件806的振动通过面板801传递至人体的皮肤、骨骼，使人听到声音。可以理解为，由于传振片直接与磁路组件806、第一传动组件803连接，直接将磁路组件806产生的振动通过第一传动组件803传递至面板，进而，通过线圈804产生的振动和磁路组件806产生的振动形成复合振动传递至面板801，然后通过面板801将复合振动传递到人体的皮肤、骨骼时，使人听到骨传导声音。
实施例二
图9A是根据本发明的实施例二所示的骨传导扬声器的轴向剖面结构示意图。所述骨传导扬声器900a，包括面板901、外壳902、第一传动组件903、线圈904、传振片905、第二传动组件906、和磁路组件907。其中，第一传动组件903呈空心圆柱体，第一传动组件903的一端面与面板901连接，第一传动组件903的另一端面与线圈904的一端面连接，线圈904的全部或部分套接于磁路组件907的环形凹槽或磁间隙中，应当理解为，线圈904与磁路组 件907均为环状结构，在一些实施例中，线圈904与磁路组件907具有相互平行的轴线，关于线圈904或磁路组件907的轴线及其与面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域的法线的空间关系可以参见图3中的相关说明，在此不再赘述。磁路组件907中心或中心附近的区域与第二传动组件906的一端连接，第二传动组件906的另一端与传振片905的中心区域或中心附近的区域连接，传振片905的外边缘与第一传动组件903的凸缘内侧连接，连接方式包括但不限于卡接、热压、粘结、或注塑等方式。
在本实施例中，通电后的线圈904在磁路组件907产生的磁场中产生安培力并发生振动，将线圈904的振动通过第一传动组件903传递到面板901，以及通过磁路组件907受到的反作用力发生振动，将磁路组件907产生的振动通过第二传动组件906、传振片905以及第一传动组件903传递到面板901，然后将线圈904的振动与磁路组件907的振动通过面板901传递至人体的皮肤、骨骼，使人听到声音。简单的说，通过线圈904产生的振动和磁路组件907产生的振动形成复合振动传递至面板901，然后通过面板901将复合振动传递到人体的皮肤、骨骼时，使人听到骨传导声音。
图9A所示的实施例与图8所示的实施例相比，区别在于第一传动组件由连接杆变为空心圆柱结构，使得第一传动组件与线圈的结合更加充分，结构更加稳定。同时提高扬声器产生高阶模态(即扬声器上不同点的振动不一致)的频率，而且能够使骨传导扬声器的频率响应曲线低频谐振峰向更低的频率移动，使频率响应曲线的平坦区域更宽，提高扬声器音质。
图9B是根据本发明的实施例二的产品实例所示的骨传导扬声器的部件拆解结构示意图，图9C是图9B所示的骨传导扬声器的纵向剖面结构示意图。图9B、9C展示的骨传导扬声器的结构与图9A对应。
如图9B所示，骨传导扬声器900b包括振动板及贴脸硅胶组件910、支架及传振片911、线圈912、连接件913、螺栓及螺母组件914、上磁铁915、导磁板916、下磁铁917、导磁罩918、多功能按键PCB 919、多功能按键硅胶920、喇叭壳921、耳挂多功能按键922、耳挂923。如图9C所示，振动板及贴脸硅胶组件910进一步包括贴脸硅胶9101及振动板9102。支架及传振片911进一步包括支架9111及传振片9112。螺栓及螺母组件914进一步包 括螺栓9141及螺母9142。其中，振动板9102在功能上可以等同于前述的面板，贴脸硅胶9101相当于覆于面板上的软性材料，可以理解，贴脸硅胶9101并非必要部件，在一些实施例中可以省略。支架9111可以相当于前述的第一传动组件。连接件913可以相当于前述的第二传动组件。喇叭壳921则可以相当于前述的外壳。
参照图9C，振动板及贴脸硅胶组件910与喇叭壳921结合形成一封闭或准封闭的空腔，以容纳磁路组件、传动组件等部件。导磁罩918为凹形结构，具体的，包括底板及侧壁。上磁铁915、导磁板916以及下磁铁917从上到下堆叠设置在导磁罩918底板上。上磁铁915、导磁板916、下磁铁917、导磁罩918上分别开设有通孔，通过螺栓螺母914装配在一起，形成磁路组件。导磁罩918与设置于其底板上的上磁铁915、导磁板916以及下磁铁917之间形成磁间隙。线圈912部分或全部设置于所述磁间隙中。如图9D、9E所示，支架9111可以具有厚度不均匀的环形结构，具体的，其一侧比另一侧厚，支架9111的一个端面的尺寸与大小与线圈912相适应，且与所述线圈912的一端面连接，支架9111的另一端则与振动板及贴脸硅胶组件910抵靠或者连接。支架9111这种一侧比另一侧厚的构造可以将驱动装置相对于振动板及贴脸硅胶组件910倾斜设置，进而确保驱动装置的轴线(或驱动力的方向)与振动贴脸硅胶件910的接触面(与人体皮肤接触的面)法线具有夹角θ。连接件913将磁路组件中的上磁铁915与传振片9112连接，同时起到传振的功能。其具体的连接方式包括但不限于：螺栓连接、粘接、焊接等。传振片9112的边缘卡接于支架9111的内侧。支架9111同时承担传递线圈振动及磁路组件振动到振动板及贴脸硅胶组件910的功能。支架的外边缘可以卡入喇叭壳921内壁上的凹槽或限位卡槽中，进而固定在所述空腔中，使得支架能实现传动的同时，还能启动悬吊或支撑整个驱动装置的作用。
图9D、9E是本发明一些具体实施例提供的骨传导扬声器中支架的结构示意图。如图9D、9E所示，仅作为示例，支架9111具有环形构造的本体91111，所述本体可以是环形的片状结构，本体上设置有与本体形状相适应的环形立面91112，立面91112的一侧低于其另一侧(例如，立面A侧低于立面B侧)，高低两侧之间可以通过高度连续变化的连接部C、D过渡也可以高度变 化非连续的连接部过渡，如连接部C、D被配置为高度不连续变化的台阶式构造。需要说明的是，A侧、B侧、连接部C、连接部D可以看成是里面91112的四个不同的部位，彼此可以是一体成型，在结构上没有明显的分界，或者A侧、B侧、连接部C、连接部D之间在结构上相互独立，而通过附加的连接工艺组装在一起。具体的连接工艺可以是粘接、焊接、热熔连接等。支架9111用于连接线圈与振动板及贴脸硅胶组件910，实现振动传递。具体的，支架本体91111的底端面可以与线圈的上端面固定连接，立面91112的上端面则与振动板及贴脸硅胶组件910抵靠或连接(可参照图9C)。在一些实施例中，振动板及贴脸硅胶组件910与驱动装置(如线圈)之间的距离较远，使得立面的高度较大。如果立面91112较薄，则强度较低，易损坏；如果立面91112较厚，重量较大，又会影响传动进而影响音质。因此，在一些实施例中，在立面91112的外侧或内侧可以设置有若干加强筋91113，既能保证立面91112的强度，又不会影响音质。在一些实施例中，所述加强筋91113可以是与立面91112垂直的更小立面，其一个端面与本体91111连接，其另一侧端面与立面91112连接。所述连接方式包括但不限于粘接、焊接、热塑成型或一体成型。在一些实施例中，所述加强筋91113还可以是短小的支杆，支杆斜撑于立面与本体之间，支杆的一端与本体91111连接，其另一端与立面91112连接。所述连接方式包括但不限于粘接、焊接、热塑成型或一体成型。
实施例三
图10是根据本发明的实施例三所示的骨传导扬声器的轴向剖面结构示意图。相对于骨传导扬声器1000，骨传导扬声器1000的区别在于第一传动组件1003的安装位置以及长度上。第一传动组件1003可以为多个连接杆或连接柱，部分连接杆的一端与面板1001连接，另一部分连接杆的一端与外壳的第一侧面1002连接，各连接杆的另一端与线圈1004的一端面连接。即各连接杆沿着线圈1004周向分布在线圈与面板和/或外壳之间，所述各连接杆可以等间隔分布，也可以不等间隔分布。作为本实施例的变形，第一传动组件1003也可以如第一传动组件903那样设计为一个空心圆柱，其横截面与线圈的大小及形 状相适应。第一传动组件1003的第一端面与线圈的一端面连接，第一传动组件1003的第二端面的一部分与面板1001连接，另一部分与外壳1002连接。
相对于骨传导扬声器900，骨传导扬声器1000中的第一传动组件1003的长度较小，有助于进一步提高扬声器产生高阶模态(即扬声器上不同点的振动不一致)的频率。
实施例四
图11是根据本发明的实施例四所示的骨传导扬声器的轴向剖面结构示意图。所如图11所示的骨传导扬声器1100包括，驱动装置1101、传动组件1102、面板1103以及外壳1105。其中传动组件1102可以包含传振片、连接杆、连接柱等结构，传动组件1102连接于驱动装置1101以及面板1103之间，作为传动路径以便将驱动装置1101产生的振动或者驱动力传递给面板1103。在一些实施例中，由于面板与驱动装置之间的距离较远，需要传动路径长度较大。进而要求传动组件的长度也较大，例如要求连接杆或连接柱的长度较大。如果传动组件的结构较细，则强度会比较低，长期振动已损坏；如果为了克服这一问题而将传动组件结构设置的较粗较厚，又会影响振动的传递，进而影响音质。在一些实施例中，可以在传动组件表面设置附加的加强筋1104，以增加传动组件的强度，又对传动组件的结构影响较小。在一些实施例中，加强筋1104可以是立面、凸脊或者支杆等等。加强筋1104与传动组件1102的连接方式包括但不限于粘接、焊接、热熔连接或一体成型。在一些实施例中，可以在传动组件表面设置多个加强筋1104。对于环形的传动组件，加强筋可以围绕传动组件的周向等间距或不等间距分布。关于加强筋更详细的描述，可以参见文中其他相关内容(如图9D、9E的相关说明)。
图11所示的骨传导扬声器1100相对于其他实施例，在传动组件上增设了加强筋1104，在增加传动组件强度的同时，能够提高扬声器产生高阶模态(即扬声器上不同点的振动不一致)的频率，使其音质更佳。
实施例五
图12是根据本发明的实施例五所示的骨传导扬声器的轴向剖面结构示意图。如图12所示，在一些实施例中，骨传导扬声器1200的第一传动组件1203的一端与外壳1202的底面连接，即整个驱动装置相对于面板倾斜固定于外壳1202上。
具体的，外壳1202与面板1201均具有较大的硬度，且两者一体成型或通过较大刚度的连接介质连接。通电后，线圈1204产生的振动和磁路组件1207产生的振动形成复合振动传递至外壳1202，进而传递至面板1201，然后通过面板1201将复合振动传递到人体的皮肤、骨骼时，使人听到骨传导声音。
实施例六
图13是根据本发明的实施例六所示的骨传导扬声器的轴向剖面结构示意图。如图13所示，在又一些实施例中，骨传导扬声器1300，包括外壳1302、独立于外壳设置的面板1301以及包括第一传动组件1303、线圈1304、传振片1305、第二传动组件1306和磁路组件1307的驱动装置。外壳1302包括第一外壳13021和第三传动组件13022，第一外壳13021为具有空腔的长方体，在其他实施例中第一外壳13021还可以是具有空腔的密闭圆柱体、球体等。所述驱动装置设于所述空腔中，驱动装置的内部结构可以为前述各实施例中的任意一种。
第一外壳13021的上侧通过第三传动组件13022连接在面板1301的上侧，第一外壳13021的下侧直接连接至面板1301的下侧。第一外壳13021与面板1301的连接方式不限于前述方式，例如还可以是第一外壳13021的下侧通过第三传动组件13022连接在面板1301的下侧，第一外壳13021的上侧直接连接至面板1301的上侧，又如第一外壳13021仅中间区域通过第三传动组件与面板连接。第三传动组件可以是杆状、板状、空心柱状等结构。
本实施例中，通电后的线圈1304在磁路组件1307产生的磁场中产生安培力并发生振动，将线圈1304的振动通过第一传动组件1303传递到第一外壳13021，第一外壳13021通过第三传动组件13022或直接将振动传递至面板1301，以及通过磁路组件1307受到的反作用力发生振动，将磁路组件1307产生的振动通过第二传动组件1306、传振片1305的连接传递到第一外壳13021， 第一外壳13021通过第三传动组件13022或直接将振动传递至面板1301，然后将线圈1304的振动与磁路组件1307的振动通过面板1301传递至人体的皮肤、骨骼，使人听到声音。简单的说，线圈1304产生的振动和磁路组件1307产生的振动形成复合振动首先传递至第一外壳13021，再直接传递至面板1301或通过第三传动组件13022传递至面板1301，然后通过面板1301将复合振动传递到人体的皮肤、骨骼时，使人听到骨传导声音。
实施例七
图14是根据本发明的实施例七所示的骨传导扬声器的轴向剖面结构示意图。如图14所示的骨传导扬声器1400具有相互独立的第一传动路径及第二传动路径。具体的，第一传动路径包括第一传动组件1403，第二传动路径上的传动组件包括传振片1405、第二传动组件1406。骨传导扬声器1400具有相互独立的第一传动路径及第二传动路径可以理解为，两条传动路径中没有共有的传动组件。
如图14所示，骨传导扬声器1400，包括面板1401、外壳1402、第一传动组件1403、线圈1404、传振片1405、第二传动组件1406和磁路组件1407。面板1401与外壳1402形成一个封闭或准封闭的空腔，包括第一传动组件1403、线圈1404、传振片1405、第二传动组件1406和磁路组件1407的驱动装置位于所述空腔中。驱动装置的轴线与面板与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域的法线形成所述夹角，0<θ<90°。磁路组件1407底面通过第二传动组件1406与传振片1405连接，传振片1405的外边缘与外壳1402连接，例如，传振片1405的外边缘分可以连接在外壳1402的底面，也可以连接在外壳1402的侧面上，还可以一部分连接在外壳1402的底面，另一部分连接在外壳1402侧面上。
本实施例中，通电后的线圈1404在磁路组件1407产生的磁场中产生安培力并发生振动，将线圈1404的振动通过第一传动组件1403传递到面板1401。磁路组件1407受到的反作用力发生振动，磁路组件1407产生的振动通过第二传动组件1406、振动片1405传递至外壳1402的底面和侧面，外壳再将磁路组件1407的振动传递到面板1401，最后线圈1404的振动与磁路组件1407 的振动通过面板1401传递至人体的皮肤、骨骼，使人听到声音。可以理解为，由于传振片直接与外壳1402连接，磁路组件与外壳1402为软连接，直接将磁路组件1407产生的振动直接传递至外壳1402的底面和外壳1402的一侧面，通过线圈1404产生的振动和磁路组件1407产生的振动形成复合振动传递至面板1401，然后通过面板1401将复合振动传递到人体的皮肤、骨骼时，使人听到骨传导声音。
实施例八
图15是根据本发明的实施例八所示的骨传导扬声器的轴向剖面结构示意图。图15所示的骨传导扬声器1500采用了双传振片结构，扬声器振动频率响应曲线的低频区域多出了一个峰，使得扬声器低频响应更灵敏，进而提高音质。具体的，如图15所示，骨传导扬声器1500包括面板1501、外壳1502、第一传动组件1503、线圈1504、第一传振片1505、第二传振片1506、第二传动组件1507、和磁路组件1508。其中，面板1501、第一传动组件1507、第一传振片1505、第二传动组件1507、和磁路组件1508之间的连接方式与图9所示的连接方式相同，具体参见图9。第二传振片1506的边缘与外壳1502的开口端面连接，第一传动组件1503穿过第二传振片1506的中部区域并与其固定连接。第二传振片1506的中轴面卡接在第一传动组件1503的实心柱状体上。
本实施例的骨传导扬声器1500的工作原理具体为：通电后的线圈1504在磁路组件1508产生的磁场中产生安培力并发生振动，将线圈1504的振动通过第一传动组件1503直接传递到面板1501，磁路组件1508受到的反作用力发生振动，将磁路组件1508产生的振动通过第二传动组件1507、第一传振片1505传递到面板1501上，外壳1502的振动经由第二振动片传递至面板1501，然后将线圈1504的振动与磁路组件1508的振动通过面板1501传递至人体的皮肤、骨骼，使人听到声音。可以理解为，通过第二传振片1506实现了面板1501、和外壳1502的软连接，以及通过线圈1504产生的振动和磁路组件1508产生的振动形成复合振动同时传递至面板1501和外壳1502，然后通过面板1501将复合振动传递到人体的皮肤、骨骼时，使人听到骨传导声音。
实施例九
图16是根据本发明的实施例九所示的骨传导扬声器的轴向剖面结构示意图。如图16所示，在又一实施例中，骨传导扬声器1600包括面板1601、外壳1602以及两个驱动装置1605、1606。面板1601与外壳1602形成一个封闭或准封闭的空腔，两个驱动装置1605、1606位于所述空腔内部。本实施例中的驱动装置可以为本发明前述各实施例中的驱动装置。其中，驱动装置1605通过第一传动组件1603连接于面板1601上；驱动装置1606通过第二传动组件1604连接于设置在空腔内的隔板上。且驱动装置1605与驱动装置1606之间成一定的夹角。在其他实施例中，驱动装置1606可以通过呈直角弯曲的第二传动组件1604直接连接与面板或外壳上。需要说明的是，在其他实施例中，驱动装置1605的轴线并不需要与面板的法线平行，驱动装置1606的轴线并不需要与面板的法线垂直，而是两个驱动装置相对于面板的位置使得其产生的驱动力的合力方向所在直线与面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域的法线呈所述夹角θ，0<θ<90°。可以进一步理解为，驱动装置还可以为3个、4个甚至更多，调节各个驱动装置在所述空腔内的位置，使得各个驱动装置产生的驱动力的合力的方向所在直线与面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域的法线呈所述夹角θ，0<θ<90°。
本实施例中，驱动装置1605的驱动力平行于面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域的法线，驱动装置1606的驱动力垂直于面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域的法线，两个驱动装置同时振动，并将两种振动转递到面板上，进而通过面板1601将复合振动传递到人体的皮肤、骨骼时，使人听到骨传导声音。
本发明还提供了骨传导耳机，在使用过程中，耳机架/耳机挂带将骨传导扬声器固定在使用者的特定部位(例如，头部)，为振动单元和使用者之间提供夹紧力。接触面和驱动装置连接，并与使用者保持接触，将声音通过振动传递给使用者。如果骨传导扬声器呈对称结构，并假设工作过程中两边驱动装置提供的驱动力大小相等，方向相反，那么可以选择耳机架/耳机挂带上中心点位置为等效固定端；如果骨传导扬声器能够提供立体声音，即两处换能装置 提供的即时驱动力大小不等，或者骨传导扬声器在结构上存在非对称性，则可以选取耳机架/耳机挂带上或耳机架/耳机挂带以外其它点或者区域作为等效固定端。这里所说的固定端可以看作是骨传导扬声器在产生振动的过程中位置相对固定的等效端。固定端和振动单元之间通过耳机架/耳机挂带相连，传递关系与耳机架/耳机挂带以及耳机架/耳机挂带提供的夹紧力有关，取决于耳机架/耳机挂带的物理属性。优选地，改变耳机架/耳机挂带提供的夹紧力、耳机架/耳机挂带的质量等物理量可以改变骨传导扬声器的声音传递效率，影响系统在特定频率范围内的频率响应。例如，采用强度较高的材料做成的耳机架/耳机挂带与采用强度较低的材料做成的耳机架/耳机挂带会提供不同的夹紧力，或者改变耳机架/耳机挂带的结构，在耳机架/耳机挂带上加入可以提供弹性力的辅助装置也可以改变夹紧力，从而影响声音的传递效率；佩戴时耳机架/耳机挂带尺寸的变化也会影响夹紧力的大小，夹紧力随着耳机架/耳机挂带两端振动单元间距离的增大而增大。
为获得满足特定夹紧力条件的耳机架/耳机挂带，本领域的普通技术人员可以根据实际情况选用具有不同刚性、不同模量的材料做成耳机架/耳机挂带或者调整耳机架/耳机挂带的尺寸和大小。需要注意的是，耳机架/耳机挂带的夹紧力不但会影响声音的传递效率，也会影响用户在低音频率范围内的声音感受。这里所说的夹紧力是接触面与使用者之间的压力，优选地，夹紧在0.1N-5N之间，更优选地，夹紧力在0.2N-4N之间，进一步优选地，夹紧力在0.2N-3N之间，再优选地，夹紧力在0.2N-1.5N之间，更进一步优选地，夹紧力在0.3N-1.5N之间。
需要说明的是，前述骨传导扬声器各个实施例仅仅作为示例，不应将这些实施例中记载中的部件及构造作为对本发明的限制，这些实施例中的部件、形状、构造及其连接方式可以进行组合，例如图11中的加强筋可以适用于图9到图16所示的任意一种实施例中。图9中的骨传导扬声器900a的第一传动组件903也可以如骨传导扬声器1000的第一传动组件1003那样同时连接与面板与外壳上，还可以如骨传导扬声器1200那样连接于外壳的后侧。
图17是根据本发明提供的一种设置骨传导扬声器的方法流程图。流程1700是根据本发明一个具体实施例，设置骨传导扬声器时所包含的步骤。
在步骤1710中，使面板与驱动装置传动连接。在一些实施例中，可以使用传振片、连接件等传动组件将驱动装置与面板连接。传动组件除了其结构上的连接作用外，还可以起到传递振动的作用。具体的，驱动装置包括线圈及磁路组件。线圈与磁路组件的振动可以经由不同的路径传递到面板和/或外壳。例如，线圈的振动可以通过第一传动路径传输到面板和/或外壳，磁路组件的振动通过第二传动路径传输至面板和/或外壳。其中第一传动路径可以包括第一传动组件，第二传动路径包括第二传动组件、传振片以及第一传动组件。其中，第一传动组件可以是连接柱或连接杆；第二传动组件可以是连接柱或连接杆。
在一些实施例中，骨传导扬声器可以通过连接面板与驱动装置的传动组件，将驱动装置产生的振动传递到面板中，从而进一步地通过与人体相贴的面板传递振动到人体。面板与驱动装置之间的传动连接可以有效地传递驱动装置产生的振动信号，从而使得人体可以接收到该信号。在一些实施例中，面板、传动组件和驱动装置一般为刚性材料且相互之间刚性连接，以提高传输音频信号的质量。
在步骤1720中，可以设置驱动装置与面板的相对位置，使得所述驱动装置产生的驱动力所在直线与所述面板的法线不平行。具体的，可以按照前述各种实施例的形态设置驱动装置与面板的相对位置。其中，采用的设置方式可以改变传动组件的构造，例如，将传动组件设置一侧比另一侧低的构造，以确保将驱动力所在直线与所述面板的法线不平行；或者对面板或外壳的构造进行改进以达到该技术目的，例如，在外壳内设置相对于面板倾斜的平台，将驱动装置设置于该平台上，又例如，将驱动装置水平设置在外壳内，而将面板倾斜覆盖在外壳上。只要能将驱动装置相对于面板倾斜设置以使得驱动力所在直线与面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域的法线不平行的任意一种手段都可以适用于本发明，本发明对此不做任何限制。
需要说明的是，上述两个步骤在设置骨传导扬声器的过程中没有必然的先后顺序，两者的顺序可以调换。在一些实施例中，上述两个步骤也不是完全分离的过程，即，两个步骤可同时进行。例如，在将驱动装置与面板连接的同时就调整两者的相对位置关系。
上文已对基本概念做了描述，显然，对于本领域技术人员来说，上述发明披露仅仅作为示例，而并不构成对本申请的限定。虽然此处并没有明确说明，本领域技术人员可能会对本申请进行各种修改、改进和修正。该类修改、改进和修正在本申请中被建议，所以该类修改、改进、修正仍属于本申请示范实施例的精神和范围。
同时，本申请使用了特定词语来描述本申请的实施例。如“一个实施例”、“一实施例”和/或“一些实施例”意指与本申请至少一个实施例相关的某一特征、结构或特点。因此，应强调并注意的是，本说明书中在不同位置两次或多次提及的“一实施例”或“一个实施例”个或“一替代性实施例”并不一定是指同一实施例。此外，本申请的一个或多个实施例中的某些特征、结构或特点可以进行适当的组合。
此外，本领域技术人员可以理解，本申请的各方面可以通过若干具有可专利性的种类或情况进行说明和描述，包括任何新的和有用的工序、机器、产品或物质的组合或对他们的任何新的和有用的改进。相应地，本申请的各个方面可以完全由硬件执行、可以完全由软件(包括固件、常驻软件、微码等)执行、也可以由硬件和软件组合执行。以上硬件或软件均可被称为“数据块”、“模块”、“引擎”、“单元”、“组件”或“系统”。此外，本申请的各方面可能表现为位于一个或多个计算机可读介质中的计算机产品，该产品包括计算机可读程序编码。
此外，除非权利要求中明确说明，本申请所述处理元素和序列的顺序、数字字母的使用或其他名称的使用，并非用于限定本申请流程和方法的顺序。尽管上述披露中通过各种示例讨论了一些目前认为有用的发明实施例，但应当理解的是，该类细节仅起到说明的目的，附加的权利要求并不仅限于披露的实施例，相反，权利要求旨在覆盖所有符合本申请实施例实质和范围的修正和等价组合。例如，虽然以上所描述的系统组件可以通过硬件设备实现，但是也可以只通过软件的解决方案得以实现，如在现有的服务器或移动设备上安装所描述的系统。
同理，应当注意的是，为了简化本申请披露的表述，从而帮助对一个或多个发明实施例的理解，前文对本申请实施例的描述中，有时会将多种特征 归并至一个实施例、附图或对其的描述中。但是，这种披露方法并不意味着本申请对象所需要的特征比权利要求中提及的特征多。实际上，实施例的特征要少于上述披露的单个实施例的全部特征。
一些实施例中使用了描述成分、属性数量的数字，应当理解的是，此类用于实施例描述的数字，在一些示例中使用了修饰词“大约”、“近似”或“大体上”等来修饰。除非另外说明，“大约”、“近似”或“大体上”表明所述数字允许有±明所％的变化。相应地，在一些实施例中，说明书和权利要求中使用的数值数据均为近似值，该近似值根据个别实施例所需特点可以发生改变。在一些实施例中，数值数据应考虑规定的有效数位并采用一般位数保留的方法。尽管本申请一些实施例中用于确认其范围广度的数值域和数据为近似值，在具体实施例中，此类数值的设定在可行范围内尽可能精确。
最后，应当理解的是，本申请中所述实施例仅用以说明本申请实施例的原则。其他的变形也可能属于本申请的范围。因此，作为示例而非限制，本申请实施例的替代配置可视为与本申请的教导一致。相应地，本申请的实施例不仅限于本申请明确介绍和描述的实施例。

Claims (48)

  1. 一种骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，包括面板和驱动装置；
    所述驱动装置用于产生驱动力；
    所述面板与所述驱动装置具有传动连接；所述面板的全部或局部用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠，以传导声音；
    所述面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域具有法线，所述驱动力所在直线与所述法线不平行。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，设定驱动力所在直线具有经面板指向骨传导扬声器外的正方向，设定所述法线具有指向骨传导扬声器外的正方向，则两条直线在其正方向上的夹角为锐角。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述驱动装置包括线圈以及磁路系统，线圈与磁路系统的轴线与所述法线不平行；
    所述轴线与线圈径向平面和/或磁路系统径向平面垂直。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，还包括外壳；所述外壳与所述面板之间具有连接介质，或者所述外壳与所述面板一体成型。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述线圈通过第一传动路径与所述面板和/或所述外壳连接；
    所述磁路系统通过第二传动路径与所述面板和/或所述外壳连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述第一传动路径包括连接件，所述第二传动路径包括传振片；
    所述连接件的刚度高于所述传振片的刚度。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述第一传动路径或第二传动路径上某一组件的刚度正相关于该部件的弹性模量及厚度，负相关于该部件的表面积。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述连接件上设置有加强筋。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述加强筋为立面或支杆。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述连接件为空心柱体，所述空心柱体的一个端面与线圈的一个端面连接，所述柱体的另一端面与所述面板和/或外壳连接。
  11. 根据权利要求6所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述连接件为一组连接杆，各连接杆的一端与线圈的一个端面连接，各连接杆的另一端与所述面板和/或外壳连接；
    各连接杆围绕所述线圈周向分布。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述驱动力在xoy平面坐标系的第一象限和/或第三象限内具有分量；其中，
    xoy平面坐标系的原点o位于骨传导扬声器与人体接触面上，x轴与人体冠状轴平行，y轴与人体矢状轴平行，且x轴正方向朝向人体外侧，y轴正方向朝向人体前方。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述驱动装置数量至少为2；各驱动装置产生的驱动力组成的合力所在直线与所述法线不平行。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，第一驱动装置产生的第一驱动力所在直线与所述法线平行，第二驱动装置产生的第二驱动力所在直线与所述法线垂直。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述面板的面积范围为20mm 2～1000mm 2。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述面板的边长的长度范围为5mm～40mm，或者为18mm～25mm，或者为11～18mm。
  17. 根据权利要求1或2所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述驱动力所在直线与所述法线之间的夹角为5°～80°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为15°～70°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为25°～50°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为25°～40°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为28°～35°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为27°～32°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为30°～35°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为25°～60°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为28°～50°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为30°～39°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为31°～38°之间的任意值，所述夹角为32°～37°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为33°～36°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为33°～35.8°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为33.5°～35°之间的任意值。
  18. 根据权利要求1或2所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述驱动力所在直线与所述法线之间的夹角为26°±0.2、27°±0.2、28°±0.2、29°±0.2、30°±0.2、31°±0.2、32°±0.2、33°±0.2、34°±0.2、34.2°±0.2、35°±0.2、35.8°±0.2、36°±0.2、37°±0.2或38°±0.2。
  19. 根据权利要求1所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域为平面。
  20. 根据权利要求1所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域为准平面；当所述面板所述区域为准平面时，所述区域的法线为所述区域的平均法线；
    其中，平均法线为：
    Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-100002
    为平均法线；
    Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-100003
    为面上任意一点的法线，ds为面元；
    所述准平面为其上至少50％区域内任意一点的法线与其平均法线的夹角小于设定阈值的面。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述设定阈值小于10°。
  22. 一种骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，包括面板和驱动装置；
    面板与驱动装置具有传动连接；
    所述面板的全部或局部用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠，以传导声音；所述面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域具有法线；
    所述驱动装置的轴线与所述法线不平行；
    所述驱动装置包括线圈及磁路系统，驱动装置的轴线与线圈径向平面和/或磁路系统径向平面垂直。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，还包括外壳；所述外壳与所述面板之间具有连接介质，或者所述外壳与所述面板一体成型。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述线圈通过连接件与面板和/或外壳连接。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述连接件上设置有加强筋。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述加强筋为立面或支杆。
  27. 根据权利要求24所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述连接件的一侧短于其另一侧，以使得所述线圈的轴线与所述法线不平行。
  28. 根据权利要求24所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述连接件为空心柱体，所述空心柱体的一个端面与线圈的一个端面连接，所述柱体的另一端面与所述面板和/或外壳连接。
  29. 根据权利要求24所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述连接件为一组连接杆，各连接杆的一端与线圈的一个端面连接，各连接杆的另一端与所述面板和/或外壳连接；
    各连接杆围绕所述线圈周向分布。
  30. 根据权利要求22所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域为平面。
  31. 根据权利要求22所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域为准平面；当所述面板所述区域为准平面时，所述区域的法线为所述区域的平均法线；
    其中，平均法线为：
    Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-100004
    Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-100005
    为平均法线；
    Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-100006
    为面上任意一点的法线，ds为面元；
    所述准平面为其上至少50％区域内任意一点的法线与其平均法线的夹角小于设定阈值的面。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述设定阈值小于10°。
  33. 根据权利要求22所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述面板的面积范围为20mm 2～1000mm 2。
  34. 根据权利要求22所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述面板的边长的长度范围为5mm～40mm，或者为18mm～25mm，或者为11～18mm。
  35. 根据权利要求22所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，设定驱动装置的轴线具有经面板指向骨传导扬声器外的正方向，设定所述法线具有指向骨传导扬声器外的正方向，则两条直线在其正方向上的夹角为锐角。
  36. 根据权利要求22或35所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述驱动力所在直线与所述法线之间的夹角为5°～80°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为15°～70°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为25°～50°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为25°～40°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为28°～35°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为27°～32°之间的任意值；或者所述夹角为30°～35°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为25°～60°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为28°～50°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为30°～39°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为31°～38°之间的任意值，所述夹角为32°～37°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为33°～36°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为33°～35.8°之间的任意值，或者所述夹角为33.5°～35°之间的任意值。
  37. 根据权利要求22或35所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述驱动力所在直线与所述法线之间的夹角为26°±0.2、27°±0.2、28°±0.2、29°±0.2、30°±0.2、31°±0.2、32°±0.2、33°±0.2、34°±0.2、34.2°±0.2、35°±0.2、35.8°±0.2、36°±0.2、37°±0.2或38°±0.2。
  38. 一种骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，包括面板和至少两个驱动装置；
    所述面板与两个驱动装置均具有传动连接；所述面板的全部或局部用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠，以传导声音；所述面板上用于与使用者身体接触或 抵靠的区域具有法线；
    其中，
    第一驱动装置的轴线与所述法线平行，第二驱动装置的轴线与所述法线垂直；
    所述驱动装置包括线圈及磁路系统，驱动装置的轴线与线圈径向平面和/或磁路系统径向平面垂直。
  39. 根据权利要求38所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域为平面。
  40. 根据权利要求38所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域为准平面；当所述面板所述区域为准平面时，所述区域的法线为所述区域的平均法线；
    其中，平均法线为：
    Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-100007
    Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-100008
    为平均法线；
    Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-100009
    为面上任意一点的法线，ds为面元；
    所述准平面为其上至少50％区域内任意一点的法线与其平均法线的夹角小于设定阈值的面。
  41. 根据权利要求40所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述设定阈值小于10°。
  42. 一种骨传导耳机，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1～41任意一项所述的骨传导扬声器。
  43. 一种设置骨传导扬声器的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    使面板与驱动装置传动连接；所述面板的全部或局部用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠，以传导声音；所述面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域具 有法线；
    设置驱动装置与面板的相对位置，使得所述驱动装置产生的驱动力所在直线与所述法线不平行。
  44. 根据权利要求43所述的方法，其特征在于，设置驱动装置与面板的相对位置，使得所述驱动力在xoy平面坐标系的第一象限和/或第三象限具有分量；其中，
    xoy平面坐标系的原点o位于骨传导扬声器与人体接触面上，x轴与人体冠状轴平行，y轴与人体矢状轴平行，且x轴正方向朝向人体外侧，y轴正方向朝向人体前方。
  45. 根据权利要求43所述的方法，其特征在于，所述驱动装置数量至少为2；
    设置各驱动装置与所述面板的相对位置，使得各驱动装置产生的驱动力组成的合力所在直线与所述法线不平行。
  46. 根据权利要求43所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域为平面。
  47. 根据权利要求43所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述面板上用于与使用者身体接触或抵靠的区域为准平面；当所述面板所述区域为准平面时，所述区域的法线为所述区域的平均法线；
    其中，平均法线为：
    Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-100010
    Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-100011
    为平均法线；
    Figure PCTCN2019070548-appb-100012
    为面上任意一点的法线，ds为面元；
    所述准平面为其上至少50％区域内任意一点的法线与其平均法线的夹角小于设定阈值的面。
  48. 根据权利要求47所述的骨传导扬声器，其特征在于，所述设定阈值小于10°。
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