WO2019223575A1 - 一种季戊四醇酯的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种季戊四醇酯的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2019223575A1
WO2019223575A1 PCT/CN2019/086867 CN2019086867W WO2019223575A1 WO 2019223575 A1 WO2019223575 A1 WO 2019223575A1 CN 2019086867 W CN2019086867 W CN 2019086867W WO 2019223575 A1 WO2019223575 A1 WO 2019223575A1
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reaction
catalyst
methanol
temperature
isopropanol
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PCT/CN2019/086867
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French (fr)
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王轲
张秀秀
吴春业
仵大兴
盖旭巧
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烟台新秀化学科技股份有限公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C319/00Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides
    • C07C319/14Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides of sulfides
    • C07C319/20Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides of sulfides by reactions not involving the formation of sulfide groups
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/10Magnesium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/002Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/02Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/20Carbon compounds
    • B01J27/232Carbonates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C319/00Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides
    • C07C319/26Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
    • C07C319/28Separation; Purification

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of chemical engineering, in particular to a preparation method of pentaerythritol ester.
  • the corresponding products are mainly obtained by reacting 3-alkylthiopropionates (the alkyl portion is 4-20 carbons) with pentaerythritol, and the reaction temperature is above 150 ° C.
  • Monobutyltin chloride and monobutyltin hydroxide are used as catalysts. Such catalysts have the disadvantages of harming the environment and biology.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an environmental protection and safety; the catalyst has the characteristics of high activity, high selectivity, mild conditions, and reusability; it is easy to separate from the reaction system, does not corrode equipment, and has a simple post-treatment process. 3-dodecylthiopropionate) process.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is:
  • a method for preparing pentaerythritol ester includes steps:
  • the temperature is lowered to 50 to 70 ° C, and the catalyst is separated from the reaction solution by hot filtration, and then the reaction solution is poured into a mixed solution of methanol and isopropanol at a temperature of 30 to 50 ° C.
  • the volume of the mixed solution is 100 ⁇ 120ml; keep stirring while gradually lowering the temperature, the cooling rate is 1 ⁇ 1.5 °C / min, the stirring rate is 1800 ⁇ 2000r / min, until the white product precipitates, and the product is filtered.
  • the transesterification reaction is rapidly proceeding to produce methanol; the temperature is then raised to 180-200 ° C and the nitrogen is evacuated at the same time in order to remove the by-product methanol and promote the reaction to proceed. At the same time, the reaction is an endothermic reaction and the temperature is increased. It can also effectively promote the reaction forward.
  • the temperature is reduced to 50 ⁇ 70 °C.
  • the purpose of hot filtration is: the temperature of the reaction system is too low, the product will solidify and precipitate. The temperature is reduced to 50 ⁇ 70 °C to filter while hot to separate the catalyst from the reaction liquid in the liquid state. , And reduce the loss of products with catalyst separation.
  • the solid base catalyst is selected from one or any of supported solid bases, molecular sieves, basic ion exchange resins, alkali metal oxides or alkaline earth metal oxides.
  • the supported solid base selected for the solid base catalyst is CaO / MgO, MgO / Al 2 O 3 , K 2 CO 3 / CaO.
  • the catalyst can be reused after being treated.
  • the crystallization solution used is a mixed solution of methanol and isopropanol, wherein the volume ratio of methanol to isopropanol is 2: 1 to 1: 1.
  • the crystal is treated and precipitated by using one or any one of methanol, isopropanol, toluene, ethyl acetate or petroleum ether solvent to obtain a white powdery solid.
  • the crystallization uses an alcohol reagent.
  • Aging data apply the products prepared above and other types of antioxidants (provided by Xinxiu Chemical) to PP, refer to the national standard GB / T 1727-92 for sample preparation, and undergo long-term thermal oxygen aging experiments (refer to GB / T 7141 -2008), performance comparison after the experiment:
  • Pentaerythritol tetra (3-lauryl thiopropionate) is a highly efficient, low-toxic, odorless, pollution-free, non-volatile, non-discoloring, heat-resistant, and aging-resistant product containing organic sulfur antioxidants, suitable for PC , PET, PP, PE, ABS, etc.
  • organic sulfur antioxidants suitable for PC , PET, PP, PE, ABS, etc.
  • As an auxiliary antioxidant it does not cause harmful reactions with other additives, does not damage the inherent properties of the material, good compatibility, solubility and emulsification. It is especially recommended for applications with high temperature and long-term aging performance requirements.
  • the synthetic routes of this antioxidant are mainly the following categories: (1) the use of 3-alkylthiopropionates (4-20 carbons in the alkyl portion) and pentaerythritol to obtain the corresponding products, such as WO 97/03954, US5093517, etc., but the catalyst used in this method is organic tin such as monobutyltin chloride, monobutyltin hydroxide, etc., which is extremely harmful to the environment and biology.
  • the target product is prepared by using pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and 1-dodecyl mercaptan as raw materials and using strong base substances such as sodium hydroxide and sodium methoxide as catalysts.
  • a strongly alkaline substance is used as a catalyst, and an acidic substance is introduced to neutralize the reaction system during the post-treatment process, which easily causes the generation of side reactions.
  • the hydroxyl groups on the pentaerythritol interact with the Lewis base center on the catalyst surface to form hydrogen bonds, and at the same time, the Lewis acid center on the catalyst surface can activate dodecane. Carbonyl group on methyl mercaptopropionate; the reactants reacted through electron transfer after activation to obtain the final product.
  • the catalyst has the characteristics of high activity, high selectivity, mild conditions, and reusability; it is easy to separate from the reaction system, does not corrode equipment, and has a simple post-treatment process.
  • reaction solution is filtered while hot and directly added to the crystallization solution at 30-50 ° C, which can avoid the product to be reheated and dissolved and then cooled and crystallized due to the rapid precipitation.
  • the energy consumption is reduced, which is beneficial to industrial production.
  • a method for preparing pentaerythritol tetrakis (3-dodecylthiopropionate) includes the following steps: 1) the molar ratio of methyl 3-dodecylmercaptopropionate and pentaerythritol is 4.2 ⁇ 4.6: 1 feeding, nitrogen protection, first heating to 100 ⁇ 120 °C, adding solid base as catalyst to the reaction system, the amount of which accounts for 2 to 4% of the mass fraction of methyl ester, and continuing to warm to 160 ⁇ 180 °C, Incubate the reaction for 1 to 2 hours, and then continue to increase the temperature to 180 to 200 ° C. At this time, stop nitrogen flow and switch to vacuum.
  • the pressure range is -0.02 to -0.03 MPa, and then continue the reaction for 5 to 6 hours. Monitor the progress of the reaction through TCL; 2) After the reaction is completed, the temperature is lowered to 50 to 70 ° C, and the catalyst is separated from the reaction solution by hot filtration, and then the reaction solution is poured into a mixed solution of methanol and isopropanol at a temperature of 30 to 50 ° C.
  • the volume of the mixed solution is 100 ⁇ 120ml; keep stirring while gradually lowering the temperature, the cooling rate is 1 ⁇ 1.5 °C / min, the stirring rate is 1800 ⁇ 2000r / min, until the white product is precipitated, and the product is filtered; environmental protection and safety; the catalyst has high activity and high selection Sex and mild conditions Reusable characteristics; readily separated from the reaction system, the device does not corrode, after simple process.
  • FIG. 1 is a nuclear magnetic resonance image of pentaerythritol tetrakis (3-dodecylthiopropionate) according to the present invention.
  • a method for preparing pentaerythritol ester includes steps:
  • the temperature is lowered to 50 to 70 ° C, and the catalyst is separated from the reaction solution by hot filtration, and then the reaction solution is poured into a mixed solution of methanol and isopropanol at a temperature of 30 to 50 ° C.
  • the volume of the mixed solution is 100 ⁇ 120ml; keep stirring while gradually lowering the temperature, the cooling rate is 1 ⁇ 1.5 °C / min, the stirring rate is 1800 ⁇ 2000r / min, until the white product precipitates, and the product is filtered.
  • the solid base catalyst is selected from one or any of supported solid bases, molecular sieves, basic ion exchange resins, alkali metal oxides or alkaline earth metal oxides.
  • the supported solid base selected for the solid base catalyst is CaO / MgO, MgO / Al 2 O 3 , K 2 CO 3 / CaO.
  • the catalyst can be reused after being treated.
  • the crystallization solution used is a mixed solution of methanol and isopropanol, wherein the volume ratio of methanol to isopropanol is 2: 1 to 1: 1.
  • the crystal is treated and precipitated by using one or any of methanol, isopropanol, toluene, ethyl acetate or petroleum ether solvents to obtain a white powdery solid.
  • the crystallization uses an alcohol reagent.
  • Methanol 3-dodecanemercaptopropionate and pentaerythritol are mixed at a molar ratio of 4.6: 1.
  • Pass nitrogen protection first heat to 120 ° C, and add the solid base as a catalyst to the reaction system. Its amount accounts for the mass of methyl ester. 4% of the fraction, continue to warm to 180 ° C, keep warming for 2h, and then continue to warm to 200 ° C. At this time, stop nitrogen flow and change to vacuum, the pressure range is -0.03MPa, continue to react for 6h, monitor the reaction by TCL process;
  • the solid base catalyst is selected from molecular sieves.
  • the catalyst can be reused after being treated.
  • the crystallization solution used was a mixed solution of methanol and isopropanol, wherein the volume ratio of methanol to isopropanol was 1: 1.
  • the crystal was treated and precipitated with toluene, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether solvent to obtain a white powdery solid.
  • the crystallization uses an alcohol reagent.
  • the solid base catalyst is selected from alkali metal oxides or alkaline earth metal oxides.
  • the catalyst can be reused after being treated.
  • the crystallization solution used is a mixed solution of methanol and isopropanol, wherein the volume ratio of methanol to isopropanol is 1.5: 1.
  • the crystal was treated and precipitated with methanol and ethyl acetate to obtain a white powdery solid.
  • the crystallization uses an alcohol reagent.
  • the solid base catalyst is a supported solid base.
  • the supported solid base selected for the solid base catalyst is CaO / MgO.
  • the catalyst can be reused after being treated.
  • the crystallization solution used is a mixed solution of methanol and isopropanol, wherein the volume ratio of methanol to isopropanol is 2: 1.
  • the crystal was treated and precipitated with methanol, isopropanol and toluene to obtain a white powdery solid.
  • the crystallization uses an alcohol reagent.
  • the solid base catalyst is selected from supported solid bases, molecular sieves, basic ion exchange resins, alkali metal oxides or alkaline earth metal oxides.
  • the supported solid base selected for the solid base catalyst is CaO / MgO, MgO / Al 2 O 3 , K 2 CO 3 / CaO.
  • the catalyst can be reused after being treated.
  • the crystallization solution used is a mixed solution of methanol and isopropanol, wherein the volume ratio of methanol to isopropanol is 2: 1.
  • the crystal is treated and precipitated by using methanol, isopropanol, toluene, ethyl acetate or petroleum ether solvent to obtain a white powdery solid.
  • the crystallization uses an alcohol reagent.
  • the temperature is lowered to 60 ° C, and the catalyst is separated from the reaction solution by hot filtration.
  • the catalyst can be reused after being treated.
  • the reaction solution was poured into a mixed solution of methanol and isopropanol at a temperature of 40 ° C. (the volume ratio of methanol to isopropanol was 2: 1), and the volume of the mixed solution was 100 ml.
  • the cooling rate is 1 ° C / min, and the stirring rate is 1900r / min until a white product precipitates, and the product is filtered.

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Abstract

本发明提供一种季戊四醇酯的制备方法,包括步骤:1)3-十二烷巯基丙酸甲酯与季戊四醇按摩尔比4.2~4.6:1进行投料,通入氮气保护,首先加热至100~120℃,以固体碱做催化剂加入反应体系中,继续升温至160~180℃,保温反应1~2h,之后继续升温至180~200℃,此时停止通氮气并改为抽真空,再继续反应5~6h;2)反应结束后降温至50~70℃,趁热过滤将催化剂与反应液分离,然后将反应液倒入温度为30~50℃的甲醇与异丙醇的混合溶液中;在逐渐降温的同时不断搅拌,直至析出白色产物,过滤得产品;催化剂具有高活性、高选择性、条件温和、可重复利用的特点。

Description

一种季戊四醇酯的制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及化工技术领域,尤其涉及一种季戊四醇酯的制备方法。
背景技术
化合物结构:
Figure PCTCN2019086867-appb-000001
目前主要是利用3-烷基硫代丙酸酯类(烷基部分为4-20个碳)与季戊四醇反应得到相应的产物,反应温度在150℃以上。是利用单丁基氯化锡和单丁基氢氧化锡作为催化剂,此类催化剂具有危害环境及生物的缺点。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种环保安全;催化剂具有高活性、高选择性、条件温和、可重复利用的特点;易于与反应体系分离,不腐蚀设备,后处理过程简单的季戊四醇四(3-十二烷基硫代丙酸酯)工艺。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案是:
一种季戊四醇酯的制备方法,包括步骤:
1)3-十二烷巯基丙酸甲酯与季戊四醇按摩尔比4.2~4.6:1进行投料,通入氮气保护,首先加热至100~120℃,以固体碱做催化剂加入反应体系中,其用量占甲酯质量分数的2~4%,继续升温至160~180℃,保温反应1~2h,之后继续升温至180~200℃,此时停止通氮气并改为抽真空,压力范围为-0.02~-0.03MPa,再继续反应5~6h,通过TCL进行监测反应进程;
2)反应结束后降温至50~70℃,趁热过滤将催化剂与反应液分离,然后将反应液倒入温度为30~50℃的甲醇与异丙醇的混合溶液中,混合溶液的体积为100~120ml;在逐渐降温的同时不断搅拌,降温速率为1~1.5℃/min,搅拌速率为1800~2000r/min,直至析出白色产物,过滤得产品。
分阶段进行升温反应的原因:首先加热至100~120℃是为了使原料由固态变为液体,此时加入催化剂可有效增大原料与催化剂接触面积,提高催化效率;继续升温至160~180℃,酯交换反应正快速进行,产生甲醇;之后升温至180~200℃,同时停氮气抽真空,是为了除去副产物甲醇,促使反应正向进行,同时因反应为吸热反应,升高温度,亦可以有效促使反应正向进行。
反应结束后降温至50~70℃,趁热过滤的目的是:反应体系温度过低,产品会凝固析出,降温至50~70℃便趁热过滤是为了在液体状态下将催化剂与反应液分离,并减少产物随催化剂分离而导致损失。
结晶时降温速度及搅拌速度均会影响结晶效果,以防晶体中包覆杂质,影响产品纯度。
利用巯基丙酸甲酯与季戊四醇进行酯交换反应合成最终产物季戊四醇四(3-十二烷基硫代丙酸酯),具体化学反应式如下:
Figure PCTCN2019086867-appb-000002
作为优选的技术方案,所述固体碱催化剂选用负载型固体碱、分子筛、碱性离子交换树脂、碱金属氧化物或碱土金属氧化物中的一种或任意几种。
作为优选的技术方案,所述固体碱催化剂选用的负载型固体碱为CaO/MgO、MgO/Al 2O 3、K 2CO 3/CaO。
作为优选的技术方案,所述催化剂经处理后可以重复利用。
作为优选的技术方案,所用结晶溶液为甲醇与异丙醇的混合溶液中,其中甲醇与异丙醇的体积比为2:1~1:1。
作为优选的技术方案,所述结晶使用甲醇、异丙醇、甲苯、乙酸乙酯或石油醚溶剂中的一种或任意几种进行处理析出,得到白色粉状固体。
作为优选的技术方案,所述结晶使用醇类试剂。
核磁:
1HNMR(CDCl 3,500MHz):δ4.16(s,8H),δ2.74(t,J=7.27Hz,8H),δ2.61(q,J=7.8Hz,8H),δ2.49(t,J=7.47Hz,8H),δ1.54(m,8H),δ1.35(t,J=6.90Hz,8H),δ1.26(m,64H);δ0.86(t,J=6.85Hz,12H)。
老化数据:将上述制备所得产物及其他类型抗氧剂(由新秀化学提供)应用于PP,参照国家标准GB/T 1727-92,进行制样,经长期热氧老化实验(参照GB/T 7141-2008),实验结束后进行性能对比:
Figure PCTCN2019086867-appb-000003
上述对比结果表明,添加0.5%本发明产物的样品的长期热氧老化性能是空白样的11倍,是传统硫代酯类抗氧剂的1.5倍,可证明比传统含硫抗氧剂效果好。
季戊四醇四(3-月桂基硫代丙酸酯)是一种具有高效、低毒、无臭、无污染、不易挥发、不变色、耐热、耐老化等性能含有机硫抗氧化剂,适用于PC、PET、PP、PE、ABS等。作为一种辅助抗氧剂,不和其他助剂发生有害反应,不损坏材料固有的性质,良好的相容性、溶解性和乳化性。特别推荐应用于对高温和长效老化性能要求严格的用途。当季戊四醇四(3-月桂基硫代丙酸酯)与受阻酚类主抗氧化剂配合使用时,比起传统的硫代醚类抗氧化剂如DLTP和DSTP,呈现卓越的稳定性。目前,国内外对于此抗氧剂有一定的研究,但也存在一系列问题。
如今关于此抗氧剂的合成路线主要有以下几类:(1)利用3-烷基硫代丙酸酯类(烷基部分为4-20个碳)与季戊四醇反应得到相应的产物,例如WO 97/03954、US 5093517等,但此类方法所用催化剂为单丁基氯化锡、单丁基氢氧化锡等有机锡类,对于环境及生物具有极大的危害性。(2)如专利CN 201310730875.2中提到的以四丙烯酸季戊四醇酯与1-十二烷基硫醇为原料,用强碱类物质如氢氧化钠、甲醇钠等做催化剂制备目标产物,其引入了强碱性物质做催化剂,且在后处理过程中引入酸性物质来中和反应体系,其容易引起副反应的产生。(3)如专利US 5057622中以十二烷基硫醇与丙烯酸为原料合成3-十二烷基硫代丙酸,之后再与季戊四醇反应的产物,但其感应过程中会产生大量浓盐废水,处理难度大、成本高。(4)部分文章(《江苏化工》,2005年06月第33卷第158-159页)及硕士论文中提到:利用1-十二烯和3-巯基丙酸为原料,通过加成反应生成十二烷基硫代丙酸。之后通过十二烷基硫代丙酸与季戊四醇进行酯化反应,生成产物;或者是如专利CN 201510020475.1中提到的通过利用季戊四醇四(3-巯基丙酸酯)与相应的R烯加成反应,得到产物。此类方法易产生副产物,且需用到原料十二烯,价格昂贵,成本高,不利于工业化生产。
本发明的优势:
1)未使用有机锡做催化剂,环保安全;之前的有机锡催化剂是一种均相催化剂,后处理麻烦,不易分离,且有机锡具有一定的毒性,对于环境与人类健康均存在一定的危害。二丁基氧化锡中的锡具有很强的形成配位离子的倾向,与原料形成配位中间体,电子云发生偏移,经过一系列亲电反应、分解等形成目标产物。而此方法中使用固体碱做催化剂在催化酯交换反应时,通过季戊四醇上的羟基与催化剂表面的Lewis碱中心相互作用,形成氢键得以活化,同时,催化剂表面的Lewis酸中心可以活化十二烷巯基丙酸甲酯上的羰基;经过活化后的反应物之间通过电子传输而发生相互作用得到最终产物。
2)催化剂具有高活性、高选择性、条件温和、可重复利用的特点;易于与反应体系分离,不腐蚀设备,后处理过程简单。
3)利用先通氮气后抽真空的方式来改变不同时间段下的反应体系环境,主要是为了避免开始时反应过于剧烈,同时又可以保证有效除去副产物甲醇,促 使反应进行完全。
4)与现有技术相比,本方案的后处理过程仅重结晶一次即可,无需进行多次结晶,且所用溶剂价格低廉,成本低。
5)将反应液趁热过滤并直接加入30~50℃的结晶溶液可避免产品因骤冷析出而需再次加热溶解后再进行降温结晶,能耗降低,利于工业生产。
由于采用了上述技术方案,一种季戊四醇四(3-十二烷基硫代丙酸酯)的制备方法,包括步骤:1)3-十二烷巯基丙酸甲酯与季戊四醇按摩尔比4.2~4.6:1进行投料,通入氮气保护,首先加热至100~120℃,以固体碱做催化剂加入反应体系中,其用量占甲酯质量分数的2~4%,继续升温至160~180℃,保温反应1~2h,之后继续升温至180~200℃,此时停止通氮气并改为抽真空,压力范围为-0.02~-0.03MPa,再继续反应5~6h,通过TCL进行监测反应进程;2)反应结束后降温至50~70℃,趁热过滤将催化剂与反应液分离,然后将反应液倒入温度为30~50℃的甲醇与异丙醇的混合溶液中,混合溶液的体积为100~120ml;在逐渐降温的同时不断搅拌,降温速率为1~1.5℃/min,搅拌速率为1800~2000r/min,直至析出白色产物,过滤得产品;环保安全;催化剂具有高活性、高选择性、条件温和、可重复利用的特点;易于与反应体系分离,不腐蚀设备,后处理过程简单。
附图说明
图1为本发明季戊四醇四(3-十二烷基硫代丙酸酯)的核磁共振图。
具体实施方式
一种季戊四醇酯的制备方法,包括步骤:
1)3-十二烷巯基丙酸甲酯与季戊四醇按摩尔比4.2~4.6:1进行投料,通入氮气保护,首先加热至100~120℃,以固体碱做催化剂加入反应体系中,其用量占甲酯质量分数的2~4%,继续升温至160~180℃,保温反应1~2h,之后继续升温至180~200℃,此时停止通氮气并改为抽真空,压力范围为-0.02~-0.03MPa,再继续反应5~6h,通过TCL进行监测反应进程;
2)反应结束后降温至50~70℃,趁热过滤将催化剂与反应液分离,然后将反应液倒入温度为30~50℃的甲醇与异丙醇的混合溶液中,混合溶液的体积为100~120ml;在逐渐降温的同时不断搅拌,降温速率为1~1.5℃/min,搅拌速 率为1800~2000r/min,直至析出白色产物,过滤得产品。
所述固体碱催化剂选用负载型固体碱、分子筛、碱性离子交换树脂、碱金属氧化物或碱土金属氧化物中的一种或任意几种。
所述固体碱催化剂选用的负载型固体碱为CaO/MgO、MgO/Al 2O 3、K 2CO 3/CaO。
所述催化剂经处理后可以重复利用。
所用结晶溶液为甲醇与异丙醇的混合溶液中,其中甲醇与异丙醇的体积比为2:1~1:1。
所述结晶使用甲醇、异丙醇、甲苯、乙酸乙酯或石油醚溶剂中的一种或任意几种进行处理析出,得到白色粉状固体。
所述结晶使用醇类试剂。
下面结合实施例,进一步阐述本发明。在下面的详细描述中,只通过说明的方式描述了本发明的某些示范性实施例。毋庸置疑,本领域的普通技术人员可以认识到,在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以用各种不同的方式对所描述的实施例进行修正。因此,附图和描述在本质上是说明性的,而不是用于限制权利要求的保护范围。
实施例1
1)3-十二烷巯基丙酸甲酯与季戊四醇按摩尔比4.6:1进行投料,通入氮气保护,首先加热至120℃,以固体碱做催化剂加入反应体系中,其用量占甲酯质量分数的4%,继续升温至180℃,保温反应2h,之后继续升温至200℃,此时停止通氮气并改为抽真空,压力范围为-0.03MPa,再继续反应6h,通过TCL进行监测反应进程;
2)反应结束后降温至70℃,趁热过滤将催化剂与反应液分离,然后将反应液倒入温度为50℃的甲醇与异丙醇的混合溶液中,混合溶液的体积为120ml;在逐渐降温的同时不断搅拌,降温速率为1.5℃/min,搅拌速率为2000r/min,直至析出白色产物,过滤得产品。
所述固体碱催化剂选用分子筛。
所述催化剂经处理后可以重复利用。
所用结晶溶液为甲醇与异丙醇的混合溶液中,其中甲醇与异丙醇的体积比 为1:1。
所述结晶使用甲苯、乙酸乙酯和石油醚溶剂进行处理析出,得到白色粉状固体。
所述结晶使用醇类试剂。
实施例2
1)3-十二烷巯基丙酸甲酯与季戊四醇按摩尔比4.3:1进行投料,通入氮气保护,首先加热至110℃,以固体碱做催化剂加入反应体系中,其用量占甲酯质量分数的3%,继续升温至170℃,保温反应1.5h,之后继续升温至190℃,此时停止通氮气并改为抽真空,压力范围为-0.025MPa,再继续反应5.5h,通过TCL进行监测反应进程;
2)反应结束后降温至60℃,趁热过滤将催化剂与反应液分离,然后将反应液倒入温度为40℃的甲醇与异丙醇的混合溶液中,混合溶液的体积为110ml;在逐渐降温的同时不断搅拌,降温速率为1.2℃/min,搅拌速率为1900r/min,直至析出白色产物,过滤得产品。
所述固体碱催化剂选用碱金属氧化物或碱土金属氧化物。
所述催化剂经处理后可以重复利用。
所用结晶溶液为甲醇与异丙醇的混合溶液中,其中甲醇与异丙醇的体积比为1.5:1。
所述结晶使用甲醇、乙酸乙酯进行处理析出,得到白色粉状固体。
所述结晶使用醇类试剂。
实施例3
1)3-十二烷巯基丙酸甲酯与季戊四醇按摩尔比4.2:1进行投料,通入氮气保护,首先加热至100℃,以固体碱做催化剂加入反应体系中,其用量占甲酯质量分数的2%,继续升温至160℃,保温反应1h,之后继续升温至180℃,此时停止通氮气并改为抽真空,压力范围为-0.02MPa,再继续反应5h,通过TCL进行监测反应进程;
2)反应结束后降温至50℃,趁热过滤将催化剂与反应液分离,然后将反应液倒入温度为30℃的甲醇与异丙醇的混合溶液中,混合溶液的体积为100ml; 在逐渐降温的同时不断搅拌,降温速率为1℃/min,搅拌速率为1800r/min,直至析出白色产物,过滤得产品。
所述固体碱催化剂选用负载型固体碱。
所述固体碱催化剂选用的负载型固体碱为CaO/MgO。
所述催化剂经处理后可以重复利用。
所用结晶溶液为甲醇与异丙醇的混合溶液中,其中甲醇与异丙醇的体积比为2:1。
所述结晶使用甲醇、异丙醇、甲苯进行处理析出,得到白色粉状固体。
所述结晶使用醇类试剂。
实施例4
1)3-十二烷巯基丙酸甲酯与季戊四醇按摩尔比4.4:1进行投料,通入氮气保护,首先加热至107℃,以固体碱做催化剂加入反应体系中,其用量占甲酯质量分数的2.8%,继续升温至175℃,保温反应1.4h,之后继续升温至185℃,此时停止通氮气并改为抽真空,压力范围为-0.029MPa,再继续反应5.7h,通过TCL进行监测反应进程;
2)反应结束后降温至65℃,趁热过滤将催化剂与反应液分离,然后将反应液倒入温度为35℃的甲醇与异丙醇的混合溶液中,混合溶液的体积为115ml;在逐渐降温的同时不断搅拌,降温速率为1.3℃/min,搅拌速率为1880r/min,直至析出白色产物,过滤得产品。
所述固体碱催化剂选用负载型固体碱、分子筛、碱性离子交换树脂、碱金属氧化物或碱土金属氧化物。
所述固体碱催化剂选用的负载型固体碱为CaO/MgO、MgO/Al 2O 3、K 2CO 3/CaO。
所述催化剂经处理后可以重复利用。
所用结晶溶液为甲醇与异丙醇的混合溶液中,其中甲醇与异丙醇的体积比为2:1。
所述结晶使用甲醇、异丙醇、甲苯、乙酸乙酯或石油醚溶剂进行处理析出,得到白色粉状固体。
所述结晶使用醇类试剂。
实施例5
1)取3-十二烷巯基丙酸甲酯62g与季戊四醇6.7g加入三口烧瓶中,通入氮气保护,首先加热至110℃,加入2g的CaO/MgO作为催化剂,继续升温至165℃,保温反应1.5h,之后继续升温至180℃,此时停止通氮气并改为抽真空,压力为-0.02MPa,再继续反应5h,通过TCL进行监测反应进程。
2)反应结束后降温至60℃,趁热过滤将催化剂与反应液分离,催化剂经处理后可以重复利用。然后将反应液倒入温度为40℃的甲醇与异丙醇的混合溶液中(甲醇与异丙醇的体积比为2:1),混合溶液的体积为100ml。在逐渐降温的同时不断搅拌,降温速率为1℃/min,搅拌速率为1900r/min,直至析出白色产物,过滤得产品。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征及本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种季戊四醇酯的制备方法,其特征在于,包括步骤:
    1)3-十二烷巯基丙酸甲酯与季戊四醇按摩尔比4.2~4.6:1进行投料,通入氮气保护,首先加热至100~120℃,以固体碱做催化剂加入反应体系中,其用量占甲酯质量分数的2~4%,继续升温至160~180℃,保温反应1~2h,之后继续升温至180~200℃,此时停止通氮气并改为抽真空,压力范围为-0.02~-0.03MPa,再继续反应5~6h,通过TCL进行监测反应进程;
    2)反应结束后降温至50~70℃,趁热过滤将催化剂与反应液分离,然后将反应液倒入温度为30~50℃的甲醇与异丙醇的混合溶液中,混合溶液的体积为100~120ml;在逐渐降温的同时不断搅拌,降温速率为1~1.5℃/min,搅拌速率为1800~2000r/min,直至析出白色产物,过滤得产品。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的季戊四醇酯的制备方法,其特征在于:所述固体碱催化剂选用负载型固体碱、分子筛、碱性离子交换树脂、碱金属氧化物或碱土金属氧化物中的一种或任意几种。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的季戊四醇酯的制备方法,其特征在于:所述固体碱催化剂选用的负载型固体碱为CaO/MgO、MgO/Al 2O 3、K 2CO 3/CaO。
  4. 如权利要求2或3所述的季戊四醇酯的制备方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂经处理后可以重复利用。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的季戊四醇酯的制备方法,其特征在于:所用结晶溶液为甲醇与异丙醇的混合溶液中,其中甲醇与异丙醇的体积比为2:1~1:1。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的季戊四醇酯的制备方法,其特征在于:所述结晶使用甲醇、异丙醇、甲苯、乙酸乙酯或石油醚溶剂中的一种或任意几种进行处理析出,得到白色粉状固体。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的季戊四醇酯的制备方法,其特征在于:所述结晶使用醇类试剂。
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