WO2019220521A1 - 不飽和ニトリルの製造方法 - Google Patents
不飽和ニトリルの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019220521A1 WO2019220521A1 PCT/JP2018/018635 JP2018018635W WO2019220521A1 WO 2019220521 A1 WO2019220521 A1 WO 2019220521A1 JP 2018018635 W JP2018018635 W JP 2018018635W WO 2019220521 A1 WO2019220521 A1 WO 2019220521A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- bed reactor
- gas
- fluidized bed
- catalyst
- Prior art date
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 89
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- QGAVSDVURUSLQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium heptamolybdate Chemical compound N.N.N.N.N.N.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo] QGAVSDVURUSLQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C253/24—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by ammoxidation of hydrocarbons or substituted hydrocarbons
- C07C253/26—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by ammoxidation of hydrocarbons or substituted hydrocarbons containing carbon-to-carbon multiple bonds, e.g. unsaturated aldehydes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/30—Tungsten
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/1818—Feeding of the fluidising gas
- B01J8/1827—Feeding of the fluidising gas the fluidising gas being a reactant
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/1872—Details of the fluidised bed reactor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C253/24—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by ammoxidation of hydrocarbons or substituted hydrocarbons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00575—Controlling the viscosity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an unsaturated nitrile.
- Patent Document 1 intends to provide a method for producing acrylonitrile, which has a high acrylonitrile yield, a small decrease in acrylonitrile yield over time, and can be produced stably for a long time.
- a catalyst containing molybdenum, bismuth, iron, nickel, and silica as essential components is used, and 1000 hours from the start of the reaction. Since then, there has been disclosed a method for producing acrylonitrile characterized in that X-ray diffraction peak intensities derived from various crystal phases maintain a predetermined relationship.
- the yield of unsaturated nitriles can be prevented from decreasing even if a catalyst, molybdenum compound and tungsten compound are simply added to the reaction system, or the catalyst can be reduced. It is not always sufficient to further increase the activity.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and in a fluidized bed reactor, an unsaturated nitrile having a reaction step of producing a corresponding unsaturated nitrile by subjecting the hydrocarbon to a gas phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a production method that can sufficiently suppress the decrease in the yield of unsaturated nitrile.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing the unsaturated nitrile, which can sufficiently increase the yield of the unsaturated nitrile by adding a tungsten compound.
- the present inventors diligently studied to achieve the above object and found the following.
- powders such as a catalyst
- segregate in the specific location in a fluidized bed reactor As a result, the utilization efficiency of the powder is reduced, so that it is impossible to suppress the yield reduction of the unsaturated nitrile or to increase the yield of the unsaturated nitrile by adding a tungsten compound.
- the target amount of powder does not necessarily function effectively as part of the catalyst.
- the present invention is as follows.
- the production method wherein the ratio of the speed LV1 (LV1 / LV2) is 0.01 or more and 1200 or less.
- [3] The linear velocity LV1 of the carrier gas is 0.01 m / sec or more and 330 m / sec or less, and the linear velocity LV2 of the gas in the dense layer is 0.3 m / sec or more and 1.0 m / sec. ]
- the powder is a powder of a catalyst used for the gas phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction, a powder containing a Mo compound for replenishing the catalyst with Mo atoms, and a W atom for adding W atoms to the catalyst.
- the supply port is formed on a side wall in the fluidized bed reactor, and the supply angle of the carrier gas at the supply port is 15 ° to 85 ° with respect to the vertical direction.
- To [5] The production method according to any one of [5].
- [7] The manufacturing method according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the gas linear velocity LV2 in the rich layer is a linear velocity in a gas flow from vertically downward to vertically upward.
- a method for producing an unsaturated nitrile having a reaction step of producing a corresponding unsaturated nitrile by subjecting a hydrocarbon to a gas phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction in a fluidized bed reactor The manufacturing method which can fully suppress that the yield of is reduced can be provided.
- the present embodiment a mode for carrying out the present invention (hereinafter simply referred to as “the present embodiment”) will be described in detail with reference to the drawings as necessary.
- the present invention is limited to the following embodiment. It is not a thing.
- the present invention can be variously modified without departing from the gist thereof.
- the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
- the positional relationship such as up, down, left and right is based on the positional relationship shown in the drawings unless otherwise specified.
- the dimensional ratios in the drawings are not limited to the illustrated ratios.
- the method for producing an unsaturated nitrile of the present embodiment includes a reaction step of producing a corresponding unsaturated nitrile by subjecting a hydrocarbon to a gas phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction in a fluidized bed reactor.
- the carrier gas is used to supply the powder to the dense layer in the fluidized bed reactor, and the linear velocity LV1 of the carrier gas at the supply port for supplying the powder into the fluidized bed reactor with respect to the gas linear velocity LV2 in the dense layer.
- the ratio (LV1 / LV2) is 0.01 or more and 1200 or less.
- the “rich layer” refers to a catalyst per unit volume (as will be described later, a small amount of Mo-containing powder and W-containing powder) in the internal space of the fluidized bed reactor during the gas phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction. .)) Is a space where the abundance is 100 kg / m 3 or more and a space located below the space. This rich layer is distinguished from a “dilute layer” located above the space and having an amount of catalyst per unit volume of less than 100 kg / m 3 .
- the gas phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction proceeds mainly in a concentrated layer.
- the corresponding unsaturated nitrile is produced by subjecting the hydrocarbon to a gas phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction in the presence of oxygen in the fluidized bed reactor in the presence of oxygen.
- the hydrocarbon used as the raw material for the gas phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction include alkanes such as methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, and isobutane; and alkenes such as ethylene, propylene, n-butylene, and isobutylene.
- propane, isobutane, propylene, and isobutylene are preferable, and propane and / or propylene are more preferable from the viewpoint of the value of the generated nitrile compound as a chemical intermediate material.
- the hydrocarbon and ammonia feeds do not necessarily have to be of high purity, and industrial grade gases can be used.
- the supply oxygen source air, pure oxygen, or air enriched with pure oxygen can be used.
- helium, neon, argon, carbon dioxide gas, water vapor, nitrogen or the like may be supplied as a dilution gas.
- the gas phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction can be performed under the following conditions.
- the molar ratio of oxygen supplied to the reaction to propane or isobutane is preferably 0.1 to 6, more preferably 0.5 to 4.
- the molar ratio of ammonia to propane or isobutane supplied to the reaction is preferably 0.3 to 1.5, more preferably 0.7 to 1.2.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 350 to 500 ° C, more preferably 380 to 470 ° C.
- the reaction pressure is preferably 5 ⁇ 10 4 to 5 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 5 to 3 ⁇ 10 5 Pa.
- the contact time between the raw material gas and the catalyst is preferably 0.1 to 10 (sec ⁇ g / cc), more preferably 0.5 to 5 (sec ⁇ g / cc).
- the gas phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction can be performed under the following conditions.
- the molar ratio of propylene, ammonia and oxygen (propylene / ammonia / oxygen) supplied to the reaction is preferably 1.0 / 1.0 to 1.5 / 1.6 to 2.2.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 380 to 480 ° C.
- the reaction pressure is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 5 to 3 ⁇ 10 5 Pa.
- the contact time between the raw material gas and the catalyst is preferably 2 to 7 sec ⁇ g / cc, more preferably 3 to 6 sec ⁇ g / cc.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows an example of a reaction apparatus equipped with a fluidized bed reactor that can be used in the method for producing an unsaturated nitrile of the present embodiment.
- the reactor 100 includes a fluidized bed reactor 1 that performs a gas phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction, a catalyst powder (hereinafter simply referred to as “catalyst powder”) supplied to the fluidized bed reactor 1, and Mo (molybdenum).
- Catalyst powder a catalyst powder supplied to the fluidized bed reactor 1
- Mo mobdenum
- Mo-containing powder Powder containing a Mo-containing compound as a compound
- W-containing powder powder containing a W-containing compound as a compound containing W (tungsten)
- a carrier gas flows along with the powder from the hopper 11 toward the fluidized bed reactor 1.
- the powder is supplied to the concentrated layer 3 b in the fluidized bed reactor 1 from the powder supply port 12 formed in the fluidized bed reactor 1 through the supply pipe 11 by the carrier gas.
- the powder supply port 12 may be provided on the side wall of the reactor 1 or may be provided in the internal space by laying the supply pipe 11 in the internal space of the reactor 1.
- carrier gas For example, inert gas, such as nitrogen, helium, and argon, air, a carbon dioxide, etc. are mentioned. Among these, from the viewpoint of hardly affecting the gas phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction, an inert gas inert to the gas phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction is preferable.
- the fluidized bed reactor 1 is installed so that the direction of arrow F is substantially perpendicular to the ground.
- the fluidized bed reactor 1 includes an internal space 3 in which powder 2 is flowably stored, a raw material supply port 4 for supplying a raw material gas A containing hydrocarbons to the internal space 3, and a reaction product gas C from the internal space 3. It has a discharge port 6 for discharging, and a powder supply port 12 for supplying one or more kinds of powders selected from the group consisting of catalyst powder, Mo-containing powder and W-containing powder supplied from the hopper 10 to the internal space.
- the inner space 3 has a concentrated layer 3b in which the gas phase ammoxidation reaction mainly proceeds and the powder 2 is densely present on the lower side, and a diluted layer 3a in which the powder 2 is present sparsely.
- the powder 2 is mostly a catalyst powder, but may contain a small amount of Mo-containing powder and W-containing powder.
- the fluidized bed reactor 1 includes a dispersion plate 5 that supplies an oxygen-containing gas B containing oxygen to the internal space 3 and a cyclone 7 that separates and recovers the catalyst 2 from the reaction product gas in the internal space 3. May be.
- the raw material gas A containing hydrocarbons is supplied into the internal space 3 from the raw material supply port 4 via the dispersion pipe 8.
- the fluidized bed reactor 1 may have a gas supply port 9 for supplying the oxygen-containing gas B.
- the oxygen-containing gas B introduced into the internal space 3 from the gas supply port 9 is dispersed by the dispersion plate 5.
- the source gas A supplied from the plurality of source supply ports 4 and the oxygen-containing gas B supplied after being dispersed by the dispersion plate 5 are supplied so as to face each other and mixed while being entangled.
- the powder 2 is flowing in the internal space 3 in a balance such as its own weight and bulk density, and the supply amount of the source gas A and the oxygen-containing gas B (flow rate in the direction of arrow F).
- the abundance (distribution) per unit space of the powder 2 decreases from the bottom to the top (in the direction of arrow F) of the internal space 3.
- the fluidized bed reactor 1 has a cyclone 7 for separating and recovering the powder 2 from the reaction product gas in the internal space 3.
- the fluidized bed reactor 1 is further provided with a cooling coil (not shown) for mainly removing the heat of reaction of the concentrated layer 3b in the internal space 3 to control the reaction temperature, and the gas in the internal space 3 as necessary. You may have the member (not shown) for adjusting a superficial velocity.
- the cyclone 7 receives reaction product gas accompanied by the powder 2 from the inlet 7a.
- the powder 2 that has entered the cyclone 7 falls below the internal space 3 so as to draw a spiral at the conical portion of the cyclone 7.
- reaction product gas entrained in the powder is guided to the discharge port 6 through a pipe extending upward from the upper part of the cyclone 7.
- a tube extends further below the inner space 3, and the powder 2 is guided to the lower portion of the inner space 3 through the tube.
- the gas superficial velocity in the inner space 3 is a linear velocity in the flow of gas from the lower part in the vertical direction to the upper part in the vertical direction, and varies depending on the cross-sectional area of the inner space 3 (area in the direction orthogonal to the arrow F direction). For example, when the internal space 3 having a non-uniform cross-sectional area is assumed, the gas superficial velocity is slow at a location where the cross-sectional area is wide, and the gas superficial velocity is high at a location where the cross-sectional area is narrow.
- a member may be used. The member is disposed in the internal space 3 from the viewpoint of adjusting the gas superficial velocity at various locations in the internal space 3.
- the cross-sectional area through which the gas at the location where the member for adjusting the gas superficial velocity can be circulated is narrowed by the member for adjusting the gas superficial velocity.
- the gas superficial velocity becomes faster compared with the place where the member is not installed.
- a fluidized bed reactor 1 having a non-uniform diameter may be used so that the cross-sectional area of the internal space 3 changes at a desired location.
- the ratio (LV1 / LV2) of the linear velocity LV1 to the linear velocity LV2 in the gas phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction in the reaction step is 0.01 or more and 1200 or less.
- the linear velocity LV2 is a gas linear velocity in the dense layer 3b among the gas superficial velocity
- the linear velocity LV1 is a carrier in the powder supply port 12 for supplying the powder into the fluidized bed reactor 1.
- the linear velocity of the gas When LV1 / LV2 is 0.01 or more, a desired amount of the powder can be supplied from the powder supply port 12 into the fluidized bed reactor 1 without being unevenly distributed throughout the reactor.
- a decrease in the yield of unsaturated nitrile can be sufficiently suppressed, and when a tungsten compound is added, the yield of unsaturated nitrile can be sufficiently increased.
- LV1 / LV2 is 1200 or less, it is possible to prevent the powder supplied in the fluidized bed reactor 1 from being unevenly distributed, so that the powder can effectively contribute to the reaction.
- a decrease in the yield of unsaturated nitrile can be sufficiently suppressed, and when a tungsten compound is added, the yield of unsaturated nitrile can be sufficiently increased.
- LV1 / LV2 is preferably 0.05 or more and 1100 or less, more preferably 0.10 or more and 1000 or less, and further preferably 0.70 or more and 1.7 or less.
- LV1 / LV2 can be controlled within a predetermined numerical range by adjusting the linear velocity LV1 and the linear velocity LV2 as described later.
- the linear velocity LV1 of the carrier gas is preferably 0.01 m / sec or more and 330 m / sec or less.
- the linear velocity LV1 is 0.01 m / sec or more, the volume of the powder in the supply pipe 11 can be further suppressed, and the powder can be supplied into the fluidized bed reactor 1 more accurately.
- the yield of the unsaturated nitrile can be further sufficiently suppressed from being lowered, and when the tungsten compound is added, the yield of the unsaturated nitrile can be more sufficiently increased.
- the linear velocity LV1 is 330 m / sec or less, the powder flowing in the supply pipe 11 joins the powder 2 flowing in the supply pipe 11, the fluidized bed reactor 1, and the fluidized bed reactor 1.
- the linear velocity LV1 is more preferably 0.05 m / sec or more and 300 m / sec or less, and further preferably 0.1 m / sec or more and 250 m / sec or less.
- the linear velocity LV1 can be controlled within a predetermined numerical range by adjusting the supply amount of the raw material gas A to the fluidized bed reactor 1. Further, the linear velocity LV1 of the carrier gas can be calculated by the following equation.
- Linear velocity LV1 (m / sec) Carrier gas flow rate (Nm 3 / hr) / Cross sectional area (m 2 ) / 3600 determined from the pipe diameter of the supply pipe 11
- the linear velocity LV1 can be controlled within a predetermined numerical range by adjusting the flow rate of the carrier gas.
- LV1 may be obtained for each of the supply pipes 11 and adjusted so that LV1 and LV1 / LV2 are within a preferable range.
- the gas linear velocity LV2 in the dense layer 3b is preferably 0.3 m / sec or more and 1.0 m / sec or less.
- the linear velocity LV2 is 0.3 m / sec or more, the powder from the supply pipe 11 can contact the powder 2 flowing in the fluidized bed reactor 1 more efficiently.
- the yield of the unsaturated nitrile can be further sufficiently suppressed from being lowered, and when the tungsten compound is added, the yield of the unsaturated nitrile can be more sufficiently increased.
- the linear velocity LV2 is 1.0 m / sec or less, the powder supply in which the powder flowing in the supply pipe 11 is joined to the powder 2 flowing in the fluidized bed reactor 1 and the fluidized bed reactor 1.
- the linear velocity LV2 is more preferably 0.35 m / sec or more and 0.90 m / sec or less, and further preferably 0.4 m / sec or more and 0.85 m / sec or less.
- the gas linear velocity LV2 in the dense layer 3b can be calculated by the following equation.
- the “effective cross-sectional area in the rich layer 3b” is a cross-sectional area in a direction orthogonal to the direction in which the gas flows in the rich layer 3b, and is a member for adjusting the gas superficial velocity and the linear velocity LV2.
- the “gas flow rate R2” is determined by the total amount of gas supplied to the internal space such as the source gas, the oxygen-containing gas, and the carrier gas.
- Linear velocity LV2 (m / sec) gas flow rate R2 (Nm 3 / hr) / smallest area / 3600 of effective sectional area (m 2 ) in the thick layer 3b
- the linear velocity LV2 can be controlled within a predetermined numerical range by adjusting the gas flow rate and / or the effective sectional area.
- the gas linear velocity LV2 in the concentrated layer 3b is a linear velocity in the gas flow from the vertically downward direction to the vertically upward direction in the concentrated layer 3b.
- the flow rate R1 (Nm 3 / hr) of the carrier gas supplied into the fluidized bed reactor 1 with respect to the flow rate R2 (Nm 3 / hr) of the gas in the internal space 3 is increased. It is preferable that 100 times the ratio (R1 / R2) is 0.0005 or more and 50 or less.
- the flow rate R1 of the carrier gas is a carrier gas flow rate (Nm 3 / hr) flowing through the supply pipe 11, and when there are a plurality of supply pipes 11, the total amount of the carrier gas flow rate of each supply pipe Indicates.
- the “gas flow rate R2” is determined by the total amount of gas supplied to the internal space such as the raw material gas, the oxygen-containing gas, and the carrier gas.
- the value of 100 times the ratio R1 / R2 is 0.0005 or more, a desired amount of the powder can be supplied from the powder supply port 12 into the fluidized bed reactor 1 without being unevenly distributed throughout the reactor. it can. As a result, a decrease in the yield of unsaturated nitrile can be sufficiently suppressed, and when a tungsten compound is added, the yield of unsaturated nitrile can be sufficiently increased. Moreover, since the value of 100 times the ratio R1 / R2 is 50 or less, it is possible to more reliably prevent the powder supplied in the fluidized bed reactor 1 from being unevenly distributed, so that the powder contributes to the reaction more effectively. It becomes possible to make it.
- the value of R1 can be appropriately adjusted by a scale of the reactor and the powder feeder, preferably 0,05 Nm 3 / hr or more 50000Nm is 3 / hr or less, 0.1 Nm 3 / hr or more 30000 nM 3 / hr or less It is more preferable that When the value of R1 is 0.05 Nm 3 / hr or more, a desired amount of the powder can be supplied within a desired time without being unevenly distributed throughout the reactor. As a result, a decrease in the yield of unsaturated nitrile can be sufficiently suppressed, and when a tungsten compound is added, the yield of unsaturated nitrile can be sufficiently increased.
- R1 when the value of R1 is 50000 Nm 3 / hr or less, it is possible to more reliably prevent the powder supplied in the fluidized bed reactor 1 from being unevenly distributed, so that the powder can contribute to the reaction more effectively. It becomes possible. As a result, a decrease in the yield of unsaturated nitrile can be sufficiently suppressed, and when a tungsten compound is added, the yield of unsaturated nitrile can be sufficiently increased. Moreover, the fluctuation
- the fluctuation width of the reaction temperature is preferably less than 20 ° C., more preferably less than 10 ° C., from the viewpoint of reducing the influence of a decrease in the yield of unsaturated nitrile.
- the fluctuation range of the reaction temperature is the largest value of the temperature change from before the charging until the charging is completed after the charging is started into the fluidized bed reactor 1.
- the fluctuation range of the reaction temperature can be measured with a thermometer installed in the dense layer in the internal space 3.
- the location of the thermometer is not limited as long as it is in the dense layer area, but in order to obtain average information, multiple thermometers should be installed in the concentration layer area, and the average value of those measurement points Is preferred.
- the carrier gas supply angle (symbol ⁇ in FIG. 1) at the powder supply port 12 is preferably 15 ° or more and 85 ° or less with respect to the vertical direction.
- the supply angle ⁇ is 15 ° or more with respect to the vertical direction, the powder supplied from the powder supply port 12 can be more effectively and reliably suppressed from being unevenly distributed in the vicinity of the powder supply port 12.
- the powder can be supplied effectively and reliably by the dense layer 3b having a high density of powder, and therefore, the powder is present in the fluidized bed reactor 1.
- the powder newly added to the entire powder 2 can be mixed more uniformly. As a result, it is possible to sufficiently prevent the vapor-phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction from proceeding locally or not proceeding, making the control of the reaction easier and reducing the yield of unsaturated nitrile. Can be increased.
- the catalyst according to this embodiment escapes from the fluidized bed reactor 1 during the catalytic ammoxidation reaction, and the performance decreases as the reaction proceeds. Therefore, from the viewpoint of keeping the amount of catalyst in the fluidized bed reactor 1 above a certain amount and further suppressing the yield reduction of the unsaturated nitrile, the catalyst powder is supplied into the fluidized bed reactor 1 from the powder supply port 12. It is preferable. From the same viewpoint as described above, the supply amount of the catalyst powder is preferably 0.02 kg or more and 2 kg or less, and 0.05 kg or more and 1.5 kg or less per ton of catalyst in the fluidized bed reactor 1 per day. And more preferred.
- the catalyst amount in the reactor can be maintained at a certain amount or more, and an effect of further suppressing the yield reduction of the unsaturated nitrile can be obtained.
- the supply amount of the catalyst powder is less than or equal to the above upper limit value, the amount of catalyst in the reactor can be adjusted within an appropriate range, and the yield of unsaturated nitrile can be more effectively maintained.
- the composition of the catalyst is not particularly limited as long as it is active with respect to the gas phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction. However, from the viewpoint of more effectively and reliably achieving the effects of the present invention, it is an oxide catalyst containing at least molybdenum as an element. preferable. More specifically, for an ammoxidation reaction of propane or isobutane, a catalyst having a composition represented by the following formula (1) can be given.
- a, b, c, d, e and n indicate the atomic ratio of each atom per Mo atom, and 0.01 ⁇ a ⁇ 1, 0.01 ⁇ b ⁇ 1 , 0.01 ⁇ c ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ e ⁇ 1, and n is a value that satisfies the valence balance.
- the atomic ratio a of V is preferably 0.1 or more and less than 0.4
- the atomic ratio b of Nb is preferably 0.01 or more and less than 0.2 per Mo atom.
- the atomic ratio c of the X component per Mo atom is preferably 0.01 or more and less than 0.6, and more preferably 0.1 or more and less than 0.4.
- Examples of the element represented by X include one or more elements selected from Sb (antimony) and Te (tellurium).
- the compound containing these elements include nitrate, carboxylate, ammonium carboxylate, peroxocarboxylate, ammonium peroxocarboxylate, ammonium halide salt, halide, acetylacetonate, and alkoxide.
- the aqueous raw material represented by nitrate and carboxylate is used.
- D which is an atomic ratio per element of Mo of the element represented by T, is preferably 0 or more and less than 1, more preferably 0.001 or more and less than 0.1, and still more preferably 0.002 or more and less than 0.08.
- the element represented by T Ti (titanium), Zr (zirconium), Hf (hafnium), Ta (tantalum), Cr (chromium), W (tungsten), Mn (manganese), Re (rhenium), Fe ( Iron), Co (cobalt), Ni (nickel), Pd (palladium), Pt (platinum), Ag (silver), Au (gold), Zn (zinc), B (boron), Al (aluminum), Ga ( One or more elements selected from the group consisting of gallium), In (indium), Ge (germanium), Sn (tin), Pb (lead), P (phosphorus), and Bi (bismuth) are preferred. Ti, W And Mn are more preferable.
- E which is the atomic ratio per element of Mo of the element represented by Z, is preferably 0 or more and less than 1, and more preferably 0.0001 or more and less than 0.5.
- the element represented by Z Sr (strontium), Ba (barium), Sc (scandium), Y (yttrium), La (lanthanum), Ce (cerium), Pr (praseodymium) and Yb (ytterbium) are preferable. Ce is particularly preferred.
- the oxide catalyst preferably contains an element represented by Z, and more preferably uniformly dispersed in the catalyst particles. However, since the element represented by Z may cause an undesirable reaction in the slurry as taught in JP-A-11-244702, it is preferable that the content thereof is very small.
- Mo-containing compound examples include, for example, ammonium molybdate, ammonium heptamolybdate, phosphomolybdic acid, Silicomolybdic acid is mentioned, and among these, ammonium heptamolybdate [(NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ⁇ 4H 2 O] can be suitably used.
- V-containing compound that is a raw material for V in the catalyst examples include vanadium pentoxide, ammonium metavanadate, and vanadyl sulfate. Among them, ammonium metavanadate [NH 4 VO 3 ] can be preferably used. .
- Nb-containing compound that is a raw material for Nb in the catalyst examples include niobic acid, an inorganic acid salt of niobium, and an organic acid salt of niobium. Among these, niobic acid can be preferably used.
- telluric acid H 6 TeO 6
- Sb antimony oxidation is used as a raw material for Sb in the catalyst.
- antimony trioxide Sb 2 O 3 ] can be preferably used.
- Examples of the gas phase ammoxidation reaction of propylene or isobutylene include a catalyst having a composition represented by the following formulas (2) and (3). Mo 12 Bi a Fe b J c D d E e L f G g O n ⁇ (2)
- J represents an element of one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, Zn, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba
- D represents Cr, W
- E represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of rare earth elements
- L represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt
- G represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb and Cs.
- A, b, c, d, e, f, g, and n are bismuth (Bi), iron (Fe), an element represented by J, an element represented by D, an element represented by E, and L, respectively.
- Element for G, Element for G and Oxygen (O) for Molybdenum (Mo) 12 Atoms A is from 0.05 to 7, b is from 0.1 to 7, c is from 0 to 12, d is from 0 to 5, e is from 0 to 5, and f is from 0 to 0.2.
- g is 0.01 or more and 5 or less, and n is the number of oxygen atoms that satisfy the valence of a constituent element other than oxygen.
- X represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni and Co
- T represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Zn, Sr and Ba
- Z represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of K, Rb, and Cs
- a represents the relative atomic ratio of Ce with respect to the total of Bi and Ce, and is 0.2 to 0.2.
- b represents the total atomic ratio of Bi and Ce to 12 atoms of molybdenum (Mo), 0.5 to 1.5
- c represents the atomic ratio of Fe to Mo12 atoms, 0 1 or more and 3 or less
- d represents the atomic ratio of X to Mo12 atoms, 0.1 to 9.5 or less
- e represents the atomic ratio of T to Mo12 atoms, and 0 to 9.5
- f is the atomic ratio of Z to Mo12 atoms
- g represents an atomic ratio of oxygen relative to Mo12 atoms, the number of oxygen atoms required to satisfy the valence requirements of the other elements present.
- ammonium salts, nitrates, carboxylates, ammonium carboxylates, peroxocarboxylates, ammonium peroxocarboxylates, ammonium halides, halides, acetylacetonates and Alkoxides can be used, preferably water-soluble raw materials such as nitrates and carboxylates.
- Examples of the Mo-containing compound that is a raw material of Mo in the catalyst include ammonium molybdate, ammonium heptamolybdate, phosphomolybdic acid, and silicomolybdic acid.
- ammonium heptamolybdate [(NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ⁇ 4H 2 O] can be preferably used.
- the catalyst in the present embodiment may be a catalyst containing silica, more specifically, a silica-supported catalyst supported on silica.
- the content of silica contained in the silica supported catalyst, content of preferably the carrier silica comprises from the viewpoint of improving the strength of the catalyst, in terms of SiO 2, an oxide and silica It is preferable that it is 20 mass% or more with respect to the total mass of a silica supported catalyst. Further, the content thereof is, from the viewpoint of imparting sufficient activity, in terms of SiO 2 is preferably 70 wt% or less based on the total weight of the silica supported catalyst comprising an oxide and silica. More preferably, the content is 40% by mass or more and 65% by mass or less in terms of SiO 2 with respect to the total mass of the silica-supported catalyst containing oxide and silica.
- silica sol, powder silica or the like can be added as a silica raw material.
- the powdered silica is preferably produced by a high heat method, and it is easier to add and mix into the slurry by previously dispersing it in water.
- distribution method Powder silica can be disperse
- molybdenum in the catalyst according to the present embodiment escapes from the reactor during the gas phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction, the molybdenum content in the oxide catalyst tends to decrease if nothing is done. Therefore, it is preferable to supply the Mo-containing powder from the powder supply port 12 into the fluidized bed reactor 1 so as to suppress a decrease in the molybdenum content in the catalyst present in the fluidized bed reactor 1.
- the supply amount of the Mo-containing powder into the fluidized bed reactor 1 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.02 kg to 2 kg per ton of catalyst in the fluidized bed reactor 1 per day, and 0.05 kg to 1 kg. The following is more preferable.
- an amount of the Mo-containing compound in the above range an amount of molybdenum commensurate with the escape from the catalyst is supplied to the reactor, and the amount of molybdenum in the catalyst is maintained, thereby making it easier to prevent a decrease in yield.
- the supply amount equal to or less than the above upper limit value, it is possible to more effectively and reliably suppress the ammonia in the reaction gas from being burned and wasteful consumption of ammonia by the surplus molybdenum compound or its decomposition product. it can. Furthermore, it is possible to more easily prevent the reaction temperature from becoming unstable due to an increase in temperature in the fluidized bed reactor 1.
- the Mo-containing compound in the Mo-containing powder is supplied to the fluidized bed reactor 1 well generic and for example, ammonium heptamolybdate ((NH 4) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ⁇ 4H 2 O), trioxide molybdenum (MoO 3), phosphomolybdic acid (H 3 PMo 12 O 40) , silicomolybdic acid (H 4 SiMo 12 O 40) and molybdenum pentachloride (MoCl 5) can be mentioned.
- ammonium heptamolybdate (NH 4) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ⁇ 4H 2 O ] is preferred.
- ammonium heptamolybdate Since ammonium heptamolybdate is easily decomposed after addition, it is easily taken up by the catalyst, and there is little adverse effect on the catalyst due to the counter ion of molybdenum in the Mo-containing compound. For these reasons, when ammonium heptamolybdate is used, the effect of maintaining the yield of unsaturated nitrile tends to be more easily obtained.
- the catalyst according to this embodiment has catalytic activity even if it is used as it is.
- the selectivity of the unsaturated nitrile can be improved by bringing the W-containing compound into contact with the catalyst in the gas phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction using the fluidized bed reactor 1.
- the selectivity of the unsaturated nitrile may not be sufficient in a state where the raw material gas or the like is supplied to the fluidized bed reactor 1 containing the catalyst and the gas phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction proceeds. Even in such a case, it is possible to improve the selectivity from the initial state by supplying the W-containing powder while the reaction proceeds.
- the amount of the W-containing compound to be supplied is the tungsten contained in the W-containing compound and the molybdenum contained in the catalyst.
- the molar ratio (W / Mo ratio) is preferably 0.0001 or more and 0.1 or less in the fluidized bed reactor 1.
- the molar ratio (Wc / Mo ratio) to the amount of molybdenum contained in the catalyst is preferably 0.0001 or more and 0.1 or less.
- tungsten may be contained as an element constituting the catalyst. Even in that case, the selectivity of unsaturated nitrile can be improved by supplying the W-containing powder to the fluidized bed reactor 1. This is because the W-containing compound supplied to the fluidized bed reactor 1 is involved in reforming in the vicinity of the surface of the catalyst and has a different effect from the tungsten component that has entered the catalyst crystals. The present inventors presume. However, the factor is not limited to this.
- the method for bringing the W / Mo ratio into the predetermined numerical range is not particularly limited, but the W-containing powder and / or the Mo-containing powder is appropriately fluidized from the hopper 10 through the powder supply pipe 11 as described above. It is preferable to feed into the reactor 1.
- the frequency of supply and the amount supplied at a time can be appropriately set as long as the W / Mo ratio is maintained at 0.0001 or more and 0.1 or less.
- the particle size of the powder supplied into the fluidized bed reactor 1 is not particularly limited, for example, the average particle size is 1 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less.
- the bulk density of the powder is not particularly limited, for example, it is 0.1 g / cm 3 or more 10.0 g / cm 3 or less at 25 ° C..
- the size of the fluidized bed reactor used in the method for producing an unsaturated nitrile of the present embodiment is not particularly limited.
- a reactor having a reactor inner diameter of 0.5 m ⁇ or more and 20 m ⁇ or less can be used.
- the method for producing an unsaturated nitrile according to this embodiment can achieve the effects and advantages of the present invention more effectively and reliably, particularly when an industrial-scale large fluidized bed reactor is used. That is, in a large-scale fluidized bed reactor on an industrial scale, powder is more unevenly distributed and powder is deposited in a powder supply pipe than in a small fluidized bed reactor (eg, pilot plant or laboratory scale). .
- the method for producing an unsaturated nitrile of the present embodiment even in such a large fluidized bed reactor, uneven distribution of the powder can be more effectively suppressed, and the accumulation of the powder in the powder supply pipe is prevented. It can prevent more effectively. As a result, it is possible to sufficiently suppress the decrease in the yield of unsaturated nitrile, or to sufficiently increase the selectivity of unsaturated nitrile when supplying a tungsten compound, and thus the yield of unsaturated nitrile. .
- the size of such a large fluidized bed reactor is, for example, in the range where the reactor inner diameter is 3 m ⁇ or more and 20 m ⁇ or less.
- Example 1 A first reactor having the same configuration as shown in FIG. 1 was prepared except that the powder supply port 12 was positioned between the dispersion plate 5 and the dispersion tube 8.
- the fluidized bed reactor 1 had a vertical cylindrical shape with an inner diameter of 0.6 m and a length of 15 m.
- the center of the powder supply port 12 (the cross-sectional area of a circle obtained from the pipe diameter of the supply pipe 11: 0.0006 m 2 ) is located at a height of 0.14 m from the lower end (dispersion plate 5) of the internal space 3;
- the hopper 10 and the fluidized bed reactor 1 were connected via a powder supply pipe 11.
- the distance between the dispersion tube 8 and the dispersion plate 5 was 0.26 m, and the supply angle ⁇ of the carrier gas at the powder supply port 12 was 45 °.
- Example 1 of Japanese Patent No. 5777192 Mo 1.0 V 0.214 Sb 0.220 Nb 0.105 W 0.030 Ce 0.005 O n / 50 580 kg of 0.0 wt% -SiO 2 ).
- WO 3 powder (average particle size: 45 ⁇ m, bulk density: 2.0 g / cm 3 ) was contained in the hopper 10 as W-containing powder.
- 0.4 kg of the WO 3 powder is fed into the fluidized bed reactor 1 from the powder supply port 12 through the supply pipe 11 as nitrogen as a carrier gas. Supplied with.
- the flow rate of nitrogen was adjusted so that the linear velocity LV1 at this time would be the amount shown in Table 1.
- the linear velocity LV2 was adjusted to the amounts shown in Table 1 by adjusting the amounts of air, propane and ammonia.
- the smallest area among the effective cross-sectional areas in the concentrated layer of the fluidized bed reactor 1 was 0.25 m 2 .
- the flow rate R1 of the carrier gas nitrogen in the supply pipe 11 was 11 m 3 / hr
- the flow rate R2 of the gas in the internal space 3 was 450 m 3 / hr.
- the height h1 is the height of the dispersion plate 5.
- the height from the lower end (dispersion plate 5) of the internal space 3 is shown as "the upper end of the thick layer”.
- the catalyst immediately before supplying the powder and the catalyst 30 days after the start of the reaction were collected, and the respective compositions were determined by fluorescent X-ray analysis.
- the total amount of powder fed into the fluidized bed reactor 1 for 30 days is defined as “theoretical increase amount”, and the ratio of the “real increase amount” represented by the following formula to the theoretical increase amount (kg) (substantial increase amount / The percentage of theoretical increase) was derived as utilization efficiency. Higher utilization efficiency means that the powder was fed into the fluidized bed reactor 1 as desired.
- the “WO 3 amount” in the following formula means an amount converted as WO 3 from the amount of W obtained by fluorescent X-ray analysis. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Substantial increase (kg) (WO 3 content in the catalyst after 30 days from the start of the reaction (mass%) - First WO 3 content in the powder catalyst just before being fed (wt%)) ⁇ fluidized bed Amount of catalyst in reactor 1 (kg)
- the yield of acrylonitrile immediately after the start of the gas phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction and the yield of acrylonitrile after 30 days from the start of the reaction were derived. From the yield of acrylonitrile immediately after the start, the degree of increase in the yield of acrylonitrile after 30 days was examined and evaluated as “yield improvement width”. The larger the yield improvement, the higher the catalytic activity. Further, the temperature fluctuation width in the fluidized bed reactor 1 when the powder is supplied is the average value of the indicated values of the four thermometers installed 50 mm above the dispersion plate in the thick layer in the reactor internal space 3. As recorded. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 to 6, 8 to 10, and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 Utilization efficiency, yield improvement range, and temperature fluctuation range were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the linear velocities LV1 and LV2 were changed to the numerical values shown in Table 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 7 The linear velocity LV2 is the same as that of Example 1 except that members are installed in the concentrated layer of the fluidized bed reactor 1 and the smallest area of the effective cross-sectional area is 0.22 m 2 and the numerical values shown in Table 1 are obtained. Similarly, utilization efficiency, yield improvement range, and temperature fluctuation range were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 11 to 18 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4 The powder contained in the hopper 10 and supplied into the fluidized bed reactor 1 is changed from WO 3 powder to ammonium heptamolybdate (AHM) powder, and the linear velocities LV1 and LV2 and the supply amount of the powder are shown in Table 1.
- the utilization efficiency and the yield improvement range were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the change was made.
- the “substantial increase amount” is obtained as follows, and the “AHM amount” in the following formula means the amount converted as AHM from the amount of Mo obtained by fluorescent X-ray analysis. To do.
- Substantial increase (kg) (AHM amount (mass%) contained in the catalyst after 30 days from the start of the reaction ⁇ AHM amount (mass%) contained in the catalyst immediately before supplying the powder first) ⁇ fluid bed reactor Amount of catalyst in 1 (kg)
- Example 19 to 26 and Comparative Examples 5 and 6 Implemented except that the powder contained in the hopper 10 and supplied into the fluidized bed reactor 1 was changed from WO 3 powder to catalyst powder, and the linear velocities LV1 and LV2 and the supply amount of the powder were changed as shown in Table 1. In the same manner as in Example 1, the yield improvement range and the temperature fluctuation range were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 27 A second reactor having the same configuration as shown in FIG. 1 was prepared.
- the fluidized bed reactor 1 had a vertical cylindrical shape with an inner diameter of 8 m and a length of 20 m.
- the center of the powder supply port 12 (the cross-sectional area of a circle determined from the pipe diameter of the supply pipe 11: 0.019 m 2 ) is positioned at a height of 0.40 m from the lower end (dispersion plate 5) of the internal space 3;
- the hopper 10 and the fluidized bed reactor 1 were connected via a powder supply pipe 11.
- the distance between the dispersion tube 8 and the dispersion plate 5 was 0.39 m, and the supply angle ⁇ of the carrier gas at the powder supply port 12 was 45 °.
- WO 3 powder average particle size: 45 ⁇ m, bulk density: 2.0 g / cm 3 ) was contained in the hopper 10 as W-containing powder.
- the flow rate R1 of the carrier gas nitrogen in the supply pipe 11 was 800 m 3 / hr, and the gas flow rate R2 in the internal space 3 was 120,000 m 3 / hr.
- 250 kg of WO 3 powder was fed into the fluidized bed reactor 1 every 25 days for a total of 6 times over 25 days.
- region where a concentrated layer exists was calculated
- Table 1 shows the height from the lower end (dispersion plate) of the internal space 3 as “the upper end of the thick layer”.
- the temperature fluctuation range was recorded as the average value of the indicated values of four thermometers installed at a position 800 mm above the dispersion plate.
- Example 28 to 32 Comparative Examples 7 to 8
- the powder contained in the hopper 10 and supplied into the fluidized bed reactor 1 is changed from WO 3 powder to ammonium heptamolybdate (AHM) powder, and the linear velocities LV1 and LV2 and the supply amount of the powder are shown in Table 1.
- the utilization efficiency, the yield improvement range, and the temperature fluctuation range were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the change was made. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 33 Except for changing the supply angle ⁇ to the value shown in Table 1, the utilization efficiency, yield improvement range, and temperature fluctuation range were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 15. The results are shown in Table 1.
- a method for producing an unsaturated nitrile capable of sufficiently suppressing a decrease in the yield of the unsaturated nitrile, and a method capable of sufficiently increasing the yield of the unsaturated nitrile by adding a tungsten compound can be provided. Therefore, the present invention has industrial applicability in fields where such effects are expected.
- DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Fluidized bed reactor, 2 ... Powder, 3 ... Internal space, 3a ... Dilute layer, 3b ... Thick layer, 4 ... Raw material supply port, 5 ... Dispersing plate, 6 ... Discharge port, 7 ... Cyclone, 7a ... Inlet, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 8 ... Dispersion pipe, 9 ... Gas supply port, 10 ... Hopper, 11: Supply pipe, 12 ... Powder supply port, 100 ... Reactor, A ... Raw material gas, B ... Oxygen-containing gas, C ... Reaction product gas.
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Abstract
Description
[1]流動床反応器において、炭化水素を気相接触アンモ酸化反応に供することにより対応する不飽和ニトリルを製造する反応工程を有する不飽和ニトリルの製造方法であって、前記反応工程において、キャリアガスを用いて前記流動床反応器内の濃厚層に粉末を供給し、前記濃厚層におけるガスの線速度LV2に対する、前記粉末を前記流動床反応器内に供給する供給口における前記キャリアガスの線速度LV1の比(LV1/LV2)が0.01以上1200以下である、製造方法。
[2]前記流動床反応器内のガスの流量R2に対する、前記流動床反応器内に供給する前記キャリアガスの流量R1の比(R1/R2)の100倍が、0.0005以上50以下である、[1]に記載の製造方法。
[3]前記キャリアガスの線速度LV1が0.01m/sec以上330m/sec以下であり、前記濃厚層におけるガスの線速度LV2が0.3m/sec以上1.0m/secである、[1]又は[2]に記載の製造方法。
[4]前記キャリアガスが、不活性ガスである、[1]~[3]のいずれか1つに記載の製造方法。
[5]前記粉末が、前記気相接触アンモ酸化反応に用いられる触媒の粉末、前記触媒にMo原子を補充するためのMo化合物を含有する粉末、及び、前記触媒にW原子を添加するためのW化合物を含有する粉末、からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の粉末を含む、[1]~[4]のいずれか1つに記載の製造方法。
[6]前記供給口は、前記流動床反応器内の側壁に形成されており、前記供給口における前記キャリアガスの供給角度が、鉛直方向に対して15°以上85°以下である、[1]~[5]のいずれか1つに記載の製造方法。
[7]前記濃厚層におけるガスの線速度LV2は、鉛直方向下方から鉛直方向上方へのガスの流れにおける線速度である、[1]~[6]のいずれか1つに記載の製造方法。
線速度LV1(m/sec)=キャリアガス流量(Nm3/hr)/供給管11の配管径より求められる円の断面積(m2)/3600
線速度LV1は、上記キャリアガスの流量を調整することにより、所定の数値範囲内に制御することができる。供給管11が複数ある場合は、供給管11の各々1つ当たりでLV1を求め、LV1及びLV1/LV2が好ましい範囲内となるよう調整すればよい。
線速度LV2(m/sec)=ガス流量R2(Nm3/hr)/濃厚層3bにおける有効断面積(m2)のうち最も小さい面積/3600
線速度LV2は、上記ガス流量、及び/又は有効断面積を調整することにより、所定の数値範囲内に制御することができる。
MoVaNbbXcTdZeOn・・・(1)
ここで、式(1)中、a、b、c、d、e及びnは、Mo1原子当たりのそれぞれの原子の原子比を示し、0.01≦a≦1、0.01≦b≦1、0.01≦c≦1、0≦d<1、0≦e<1の範囲にあり、nは原子価のバランスを満たす値である。
Mo12BiaFebJcDdEeLfGgOn ・・・(2)
ここで、式(2)中、Jは、Ni、Co、Mn、Zn、Mg、Ca、Sr及びBaからなる群より選ばれる1種以上の元素の元素を示し、Dは、Cr、W、V、Nb、B、Al、Ga、In、P、Sb及びTeからなる群より選ばれる1種以上の元素を示し、Eは、希土類元素からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の元素を示し、Lは、Ru、Rh、Pd、Os、Ir及びPtからなる群より選ばれる1種以上の元素を示し、Gは、Na、K、Rb及びCsからなる群より選ばれる1種以上の元素を示し、a、b、c、d、e、f、g及びnは、それぞれ、ビスマス(Bi)、鉄(Fe)、Jで示される元素、Dで示される元素、Eで示される元素、Lで示される元素、Gで示される元素及び酸素(O)のモリブデン(Mo)12原子に対する原子比を示し、aは0.05以上7以下、bは0.1以上7以下、cは0以上12以下、dは0以上5以下、eは0以上5以下、fは0以上0.2以下、gは0.01以上5以下、nは酸素以外の構成元素の原子価を満足する酸素原子の数である。
ここで、式(3)中、Xは、Ni及びCoからなる群より選ばれる1種以上の元素を示し、Tは、Mg、Ca、Zn、Sr及びBaからなる群より選ばれる1種以上の元素を示し、Zは、K、Rb及びCsからなる群より選ばれる1種以上の元素を示し、aは、BiとCeの合計に対するCeの相対原子比を示し、0.2以上0.8以下であり、bは、モリブデン(Mo)12原子に対するBiとCeの合計原子比を示し、0.5以上1.5以下であり、cは、Mo12原子に対するFeの原子比を示し、0.1以上3以下であり、dは、Mo12原子に対するXの原子比を示し、0.1以上9.5以下であり、eは、Mo12原子に対するTの原子比を示し、0以上9.5以下であり、fは、Mo12原子に対するZの原子比を示し、0.01以上2以下であり、gは、Mo12原子に対する酸素の原子比を示し、存在する他の元素の原子価要求を満足させるのに必要な酸素の原子数である。
粉末供給口12が分散板5と分散管8との間に位置する以外は図1に示すのと同様の構成を備える第一の反応装置を用意した。流動床反応器1は、内径0.6m、長さ15mの縦型円筒形を有していた。内部空間3の下端(分散板5)から0.14mの高さに粉末供給口12(供給管11の配管径より求められる円の断面積:0.0006m2)の中心が位置するように、ホッパー10と流動層反応器1とを、粉末の供給管11を介して接続した。なお、分散管8と分散板5の間隔は0.26mであり、粉末供給口12におけるキャリアガスの供給角度θは45°であった。
(高さh1から高さh2(高さh1よりも高い。)までの間の単位体積当たりの触媒の存在量)=(h2とh1との間の差圧)/(h2とh1との間の距離)
ここで、高さh1は分散板5の高さとする。
表1には、内部空間3の下端(分散板5)からの高さを「濃厚層の上端」として示す。
実質増加量(kg)=(反応開始から30日経過後に触媒に含まれるWO3量(質量%)-最初に粉末を供給する直前の触媒に含まれるWO3量(質量%))×流動床反応器1内の触媒量(kg)
線速度LV1及びLV2を表1に示す数値になるように変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、利用効率、収率改善幅及び温度変動幅を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
線速度LV2を、流動床反応器1の濃厚層に部材を設置し、有効断面積のうち最も小さい面積を0.22m2として表1に示す数値となるように変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、利用効率、収率改善幅及び温度変動幅を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
ホッパー10に収容し、流動床反応器1内に供給した粉末をWO3粉末からヘプタモリブデン酸アンモニウム(AHM)粉末に変更し、線速度LV1及びLV2、並びに粉末の供給量を表1に示すように変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、利用効率及び収率改善幅を評価した。なお、「実質増加量」は下記のようにして求められたものを用い、下記式中の「AHM量」は、蛍光X線分析により求められたMoの量からAHMとして換算された量を意味する。
実質増加量(kg)=(反応開始から30日経過後に触媒に含まれるAHM量(質量%)-最初に粉末を供給する直前の触媒に含まれるAHM量(質量%))×流動床反応器1内の触媒量(kg)
ホッパー10に収容し、流動床反応器1内に供給した粉末をWO3粉末から触媒粉末に変更し、線速度LV1及びLV2、並びに粉末の供給量を表1に示すように変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、収率改善幅及び温度変動幅を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
図1に示すのと同様の構成を備える第二の反応装置を用意した。流動床反応器1は、内径8m、長さ20mの縦型円筒形を有していた。内部空間3の下端(分散板5)から0.40mの高さに粉末供給口12(供給管11の配管径より求められる円の断面積:0.019m2)の中心が位置するように、ホッパー10と流動層反応器1とを、粉末の供給管11を介して接続した。なお、分散管8と分散板5の間隔は0.39mであり、粉末供給口12におけるキャリアガスの供給角度θは45°であった。流動床反応器1内に、特開5779192号公報の実施例1に記載の触媒100トンを充填した。反応温度445℃、反応圧力常圧下にプロパン:アンモニア:空気=1:1:15のモル比となるように、反応原料であるプロパン及びアンモニアを原料供給口4から供給し、ガス供給口9を介して空気を分散板5から供給し、気相接触アンモ酸化反応を開始した。また、W含有粉末として、WO3の粉末(平均粒径:45μm、嵩密度:2.0g/cm3)をホッパー10に収容した。気相接触アンモ酸化反応を開始して触媒性能が安定したところで、そのWO3の粉末250kgを、供給管11を介して粉末供給口12から流動床反応器1内にキャリアガスである窒素と共に供給した。このときの線速度LV1が表1に示す量になるよう、窒素の流量を調整した。線速度LV2は、空気、プロパン及びアンモニアの量を調整して表1に示す量となった。このとき流動床反応器1の濃厚層における有効断面積のうち最も小さい面積は、67.3m2であった。また、キャリアガスである窒素の供給管11内での流量R1は800m3/hr、内部空間3内のガスの流量R2は120000m3/hrであった。その後、気相接触アンモ酸化反応を継続しながら、WO3の粉末を5日おきに250kgずつ、25日間で計6回、流動床反応器1内に供給した。なお、流動床反応器1内の差圧と差圧測定点の高さから、実施例1と同様にして濃厚層が存在する領域を求めたところ、濃厚層の上端は、内部空間3の下端(分散板5)から13mの位置であった。表1には、内部空間3の下端(分散板)からの高さを「濃厚層の上端」として示す。温度変動幅は、分散板から800mm上部の位置に設置した4点の温度計の指示値の平均値として記録した。
ホッパー10に収容し、流動床反応器1内に供給した粉末をWO3粉末からヘプタモリブデン酸アンモニウム(AHM)粉末に変更し、線速度LV1及びLV2、並びに粉末の供給量を表1に示すように変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、利用効率、収率改善幅及び温度変動幅を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
供給角度θを表1に示す値に変更した以外は実施例15と同様にして、利用効率、収率改善幅及び温度変動幅を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
Claims (7)
- 流動床反応器において、炭化水素を気相接触アンモ酸化反応に供することにより対応する不飽和ニトリルを製造する反応工程を有する不飽和ニトリルの製造方法であって、
前記反応工程において、キャリアガスを用いて前記流動床反応器内の濃厚層に粉末を供給し、
前記濃厚層におけるガスの線速度LV2に対する、前記粉末を前記流動床反応器内に供給する供給口における前記キャリアガスの線速度LV1の比(LV1/LV2)が0.01以上1200以下である、製造方法。 - 前記流動床反応器内のガスの流量R2に対する、前記流動床反応器内に供給する前記キャリアガスの流量R1の比(R1/R2)の100倍が、0.0005以上50以下である、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記キャリアガスの線速度LV1が0.01m/sec以上330m/sec以下であり、
前記濃厚層におけるガスの線速度LV2が0.3m/sec以上1.0m/secである、請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。 - 前記キャリアガスが、不活性ガスである、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記粉末が、前記気相接触アンモ酸化反応に用いられる触媒の粉末、前記触媒にMo原子を補充するためのMo化合物を含有する粉末、及び、前記触媒にW原子を添加するためのW化合物を含有する粉末、からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の粉末を含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記供給口は、前記流動床反応器内の側壁に形成されており、前記供給口における前記キャリアガスの供給角度が、鉛直方向に対して15°以上85°以下である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記濃厚層におけるガスの線速度LV2は、鉛直方向下方から鉛直方向上方へのガスの流れにおける線速度である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
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BR112020021485-0A BR112020021485A2 (pt) | 2018-05-15 | 2018-05-15 | processo para produção nitrila insaturada |
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