WO2019210784A1 - 多电平逆变器 - Google Patents

多电平逆变器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019210784A1
WO2019210784A1 PCT/CN2019/083514 CN2019083514W WO2019210784A1 WO 2019210784 A1 WO2019210784 A1 WO 2019210784A1 CN 2019083514 W CN2019083514 W CN 2019083514W WO 2019210784 A1 WO2019210784 A1 WO 2019210784A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flying capacitor
power source
disposed
switching device
pole
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/083514
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姜一鸣
邵金呈
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP19796051.1A priority Critical patent/EP3767815B1/en
Publication of WO2019210784A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019210784A1/zh
Priority to US17/068,127 priority patent/US11201564B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4837—Flying capacitor converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of power electronics, and in particular to a multi-level inverter.
  • power electronics technology has been widely used in new energy systems, power systems, power systems, etc.
  • power electronics technology the most common technology is to turn DC power into a multi-level inverter. AC power and output a variety of level states.
  • a flying capacitor clamp multi-level inverter is a typical multi-level inverter.
  • a flying capacitor clamp multi-level inverter includes a power supply device, at least one flying capacitor, and at least one semiconductor switching device.
  • at least one semiconductor switching device is connected in parallel with the capacitor, and at least one semiconductor switch is connected in parallel. After the device, at least one semiconductor switching device is connected in series.
  • the flying-span capacitor clamp multi-level inverter When the flying-span capacitor clamp multi-level inverter is just starting to work, the flying-span capacitor is just starting to charge, and the voltage is extremely small. Since the voltage of the semiconductor switching device connected in parallel with the flying-span capacitor is the same as the voltage of the flying capacitor, The voltage of the semiconductor switching device in parallel with the flying capacitor is also relatively small, and the voltage of the entire power device is loaded on the semiconductor switching device connected in series, so that the voltage on the semiconductor switching device connected in series is too large, which may cause damage of the serial switching device in series. .
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a multi-level inverter.
  • the technical solution is as follows:
  • a multilevel inverter comprising a main topology, at least four resistance devices, a switching device, and a controller, the main topology including a power source, at least one fly a transcapacitor and at least four semiconductor switching devices; a first end of the flying capacitor is electrically connected to a positive pole of the power source, and a second end of the flying capacitor is electrically connected to a cathode of the power source,
  • the controller is electrically connected to the switching device, the controller is electrically connected to the main topology, the flying capacitor is connected in parallel with at least two semiconductor switching devices, the first end of the flying capacitor and the At least one semiconductor switching device is disposed on the first connection line of the positive pole of the power source, and at least one semiconductor switching device is disposed on the first connection line of the second end of the flying capacitor and the negative pole of the power source; the switching device And at least one resistance device disposed on a second connection line of the first end of the flying capacitor and the anode of
  • the multilevel inverter includes a main topology, at least four resistance devices, a switching device, and a controller, and the main topology includes a power device, at least one flying capacitor, and at least four semiconductor switching devices.
  • the main topology is used to convert direct current into alternating current and output a variety of level states.
  • the flying capacitor includes a first end and a second end, the first end may be an upper plate of the flying capacitor, the second end may be a lower plate of the flying capacitor, or the first end may be a flying capacitor The other end of the wire to which the upper plate is connected may also be the other end of the wire connected to the lower plate of the flying capacitor.
  • the first end of the flying capacitor can be electrically connected to the positive pole of the power source through a wire and has two connecting lines therebetween, and the second end of the flying capacitor can be electrically connected to the negative pole of the power source through the wire, and there are two The connection line, the controller can be electrically connected to the switching device for controlling the closing and opening of the switching device.
  • the flying capacitor is connected in parallel with the at least two semiconductor switching devices, and the first connecting end of the flying capacitor and the first connecting line of the positive pole of the power source are provided with at least one semiconductor switching device, and the second end of the flying capacitor and the negative pole of the power supply At least one semiconductor switching device is disposed on a connection line.
  • the switching device and the at least one resistance device may be disposed on the second connection line of the first end of the flying capacitor and the anode of the power source, and the switching device and the at least one resistance device may be disposed at the first end of the flying capacitor and the negative pole of the power source On the connection line, the switching device and the at least one resistance device may be disposed on a connection line between the second end of the flying capacitor and the anode of the power source, and the switching device and the at least one resistance device may be disposed at the second end of the flying capacitor and the power source
  • the second connection line of the negative electrode such that by controlling the resistance of at least four resistance devices, the voltage of the flying capacitor can be controlled, that is, the voltage across the capacitor when the flying capacitor is charged is completed.
  • the controller can control the switching device to close so that the power supply begins to charge the flying capacitor.
  • the controller can detect whether the flying capacitor is fully charged. If it is detected that the flying capacitor is completed, the controller can control the switching device to be disconnected, so that when the multi-level inverter starts working, both ends of the flying capacitor have The voltage, the switching device in parallel with the flying capacitor, also has voltage at both ends, so that all voltages of the power supply are not applied to the series switching devices.
  • the controller is electrically connected to the first end of the flying capacitor and the second end of the flying capacitor respectively; the controller is configured to: when detecting When the voltage of the flying capacitor is a preset value, the switching device is controlled to be turned off.
  • the controller is electrically connected to the first end of the flying capacitor, and the controller is electrically connected to the second end of the flying capacitor.
  • the controller can detect the voltage of the first end of the flying capacitor and detect the voltage of the second end of the flying capacitor, and then take the difference between the voltage of the first end and the voltage of the second end, and the obtained value is a flying capacitor. Voltage.
  • the controller determines that the voltage across the capacitor is equal to a preset value, the controller can determine that the flying capacitor is fully charged and can control the opening of the switching device.
  • the controller is electrically connected to the main topology, and after the control is disconnected, the controller is further configured to: control at least one of the main topology outputs Level status.
  • the at least four resistance devices are a first resistance device, a second resistance device, a third resistance device, and a fourth resistance device;
  • the first resistance device is disposed in the flying capacitor The first end is connected to the second connecting line of the positive pole of the power source;
  • the fourth resistive device is disposed on the connecting line of the first end of the flying capacitor and the negative pole of the power source;
  • the second resistor a device is disposed on a connection line of the second end of the flying capacitor and a positive terminal of the power source;
  • the third resistance device is disposed at a second end of the flying capacitor and a second connection of the negative electrode of the power source On the line.
  • the at least four resistance devices are a first resistance device, a second resistance device, a third resistance device, and a fourth resistance device
  • the first resistance device may be disposed at the first end of the flying capacitor
  • the fourth resistive device is disposed on the connecting line of the first end of the flying capacitor and the negative pole of the power source
  • the second resistive device is disposed at the second end of the flying capacitor and the positive pole of the power source
  • a third resistance device is disposed on the second connection line of the second end of the flying capacitor and the negative terminal of the power source. In this way, the voltage across the capacitor can be controlled by resistor divider.
  • the number of the switching devices is 2, and the switching device is a first dual contact relay and a second dual contact relay; the first resistance device, the second resistor The device is electrically connected to the first double contact relay, and the third resistance device and the fourth resistance device are respectively electrically connected to the second double contact relay; the first double contact relay The second double contact relay is electrically connected to the anode of the power source.
  • the number of the switching devices 3 is 2, and the switching device 3 is a first double contact relay and a second double contact relay.
  • the first double contact relay may be disposed between the first resistive device 2 and the positive pole of the power source, and the first dual contact relay may be disposed between the second resistive device and the positive pole of the power source, such that the controller 4 is through the coil
  • the double contact relay is controlled, so the controller 4 can control the first double contact relay through one coil, so that the line between the positive pole of the power source 11 and the first resistance device 2, the positive pole and the second resistor of the power source 11 can be simultaneously controlled.
  • the second double contact relay may be disposed between the third resistive device 2 and the negative pole of the power source, and the second dual contact relay may be disposed between the fourth resistive device and the negative pole of the power source, such that the controller 4 is through the coil
  • the double contact relay is controlled, so the controller 4 can control the first double contact relay through one coil, so that the line between the negative and third resistance devices 2 of the power source 11 and the negative and fourth resistors of the power source 11 can be simultaneously controlled.
  • the first resistive device 2 is electrically connected to the first end of the flying capacitor 12
  • the second resistive device 2 is electrically connected to the second end of the flying capacitor 12
  • the third resistive device 2 and the flying span The second end of the capacitor 12 is electrically connected
  • the fourth resistive device 2 is electrically connected to the first end of the flying capacitor.
  • the number of the switching devices is 4, and the switching device is a single-pole single-throw relay.
  • the solution shown in the embodiment of the present invention is equivalent to connecting one switching device to each resistor.
  • the switching device is a first single-pole single-throw relay, a second single-pole single-throw relay, a third single-pole single-throw relay, and a fourth single-pole single-throw relay;
  • the first single-pole single-throw relay Provided on a connection line of the first resistance device and a positive pole of the power source;
  • the second single-pole single-throw relay is disposed on a connection line of the second resistance device and a positive pole of the power source;
  • a single-pole single-throw relay is disposed on a connection line of the third resistance device and a negative pole of the power source;
  • the fourth single-pole single-throw relay is disposed on a connection line of the fourth resistance device and a negative pole of the power source.
  • the single-pole single-throw relay is disposed between the power source and the resistor device.
  • the switching device is a fifth single-pole single-throw relay, a sixth single-pole single-throw relay, a seventh single-pole single-throw relay, and an eighth single-pole single-throw relay; and the fifth single-pole single-throw relay Provided on a connection line of the first resistance device and the first end of the flying capacitor; the sixth single-pole single-throw relay is disposed at the first end of the second resistance device and the flying capacitor Connecting a line; the seventh single-pole single-throw relay is disposed on a connection line of the third resistance device and the second end of the flying capacitor; the eighth single-pole single-throw relay is disposed on the fourth resistance device On the connection line with the second end of the flying capacitor.
  • a single-pole single-throw relay is disposed between the flying capacitor and the resistance device.
  • the number of the switching devices is 4, and the switching device is a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOS) transistor or a triode.
  • MOS metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor
  • the MOS tube is a metal-oxid-semiconductor field effect transistor.
  • a switching device is disposed on each line connecting the flying capacitor to the power source, and the switching device is a MOS tube or a triode.
  • the number of the switching devices is 1, and the switching device is a four-contact relay.
  • the number of switching devices is 1, and the switching device is a four-contact relay, which is equivalent to four contacts.
  • a four-contact relay may be disposed between the first resistance device 2 and the first end of the flying capacitor 12, and a four-contact relay may be disposed between the second resistance device 2 and the second end of the flying capacitor 12, four-touch A dot relay may be disposed between the third resistance device 2 and the second end of the flying capacitor 12, and a four-contact relay may be disposed between the fourth resistance device 2 and the first end of the flying capacitor 12.
  • the controller 4 controls the four-contact relay through the coil, the controller 4 can control the four-contact relay through one coil, thereby simultaneously controlling the positive pole of the power source 11 and the first end of the flying capacitor 12.
  • the line, the line between the positive pole of the power source 11 and the second end of the flying capacitor 12, the line between the negative pole of the power source 11 and the first end of the flying capacitor 12, the negative pole of the power source 11 and the flying capacitor 12 The continuity of the line between the second ends.
  • the controller before the main topology of the multilevel inverter starts working, the controller can control the switching device to be turned off to charge the flying capacitor, and when detecting that the flying capacitor is completed, the controller can control the switching device. Disconnected, then the controller can control the main topology to start working, so that at the beginning of the main topology operation, there is voltage across the flying capacitor, and there are voltages at both ends of the semiconductor switching device in parallel with the flying capacitor, flying capacitors and power supplies.
  • the voltage of the semiconductor switching device on the connection line of the positive and negative electrodes is equal to the power supply voltage minus the voltage of the flying capacitor, so the voltage of the semiconductor switching device on the connecting line connecting the capacitor and the power source is no longer the voltage of the power source, thereby preventing The semiconductor switching device in the main topology is damaged.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-level inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2a is a schematic structural diagram of a three-level inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2b is a schematic structural diagram of a three-level inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-level inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-level inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-level inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-level inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-level inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the multi-level inverter has a three-level inverter, a five-level inverter, and the like.
  • a three-level inverter is taken as an example for description, and a flying capacitor-clamped three-level inverter is used.
  • the topological diagram is shown in Figure 1.
  • the flying capacitors are C1 and C2, the power supply is U, and there are eight semiconductor switching devices. Take the flying capacitor C1 as an example.
  • the four semiconductor switching devices are Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4. Since C1 has two semiconductor switching devices connected in parallel, the voltage of C1 is equal to half of the power supply voltage. By controlling Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4, the output three-level state can be realized due to the three-level inverter.
  • the semiconductor switching device When it is turned on, the voltage across C1 is 0, so the voltage of Q2 and Q3 is also 0. The whole power supply voltage is applied to Q1 and Q4. When one of Q1 and Q4 is turned on, the semiconductor switching device turned on is equivalent. A particularly small resistor, such that the supply voltage is applied to another unopened semiconductor switching device in Q1 and Q4.
  • the semiconductor switching device may have a voltage over the rated maximum voltage of the semiconductor switching device. Big and damaged.
  • Embodiments of the present invention can be applied to a multi-level inverter including a flying capacitor 12, which can be used to convert direct current into alternating current and output a plurality of level states.
  • the capacitor of the semiconductor switching device 13 is connected in parallel in the multilevel inverter.
  • a multi-level inverter that converts direct current into alternating current and outputs a variety of level states, such as a three-level inverter, a five-level inverter, etc., and a three-level inverter can output three types.
  • the five-level inverter can output five level states.
  • a multi-level inverter is used as a three-level inverter as an example for detailed description of the solution:
  • a multilevel inverter in the embodiment of the present invention, includes a main topology 1, at least four resistance devices 2, a switching device 3, and a controller 4.
  • the main topology 1 includes a power supply 11 At least one flying capacitor 12 and at least four semiconductor switching devices 13 , the first end of the flying capacitor 12 is electrically connected to the anode of the power source 11 , and the second end of the flying capacitor 12 is electrically connected to the cathode of the power source 11 ,
  • the controller 4 is electrically connected to the switching device 3; the flying capacitor 12 is connected in parallel with at least two semiconductor switching devices, and at least one semiconductor switching device is disposed on the first connecting line of the first end of the flying capacitor 12 and the positive pole of the power source 13.
  • At least one semiconductor switching device 13 is disposed on the first connection line of the second end of the flying capacitor 12 and the negative terminal of the power source; the switching device 3 and the at least one resistance device 2 are disposed at the first end of the flying capacitor 12 and the power source On the second connection line of the positive pole of 11; the switching device 3 and the at least one resistance device 2 are disposed on the connection line of the first end of the flying capacitor 12 and the cathode of the power source 11; the switching device 3 and the at least one electric The resistive device 2 is disposed on a connection line of the second end of the flying capacitor 12 and the anode of the power source 11; the switching device 3 and the at least one resistive device 2 are disposed at the second end of the flying capacitor 12 and the second of the negative pole of the power source 11
  • the controller 4 is configured to control the closing of the switching device 3 before the operation of the main topology 1, and to control the opening of the switching device 3 when it is detected that the charging of the flying capacitor 12 is completed.
  • the multilevel inverter includes a main topology 1, at least four resistance devices 2, a switching device 3, and a controller 4.
  • the main topology 1 may include at least a power source 11 and at least one flying span.
  • the capacitor 12 and at least four semiconductor switching devices 13 (the semiconductor switching device may be one of switching devices) for converting direct current into alternating current and outputting various level states.
  • the flying capacitor 12 includes a first end and a second end, the first end may be the upper plate of the flying capacitor 12, the second end may be the lower plate of the flying capacitor 12, or the first end may be Flying the other end of the wire connected to the upper plate of the capacitor 12 (except for the end of the wire connected to the upper plate), the second end may also be the other end of the wire connected to the lower plate of the flying capacitor 12 (on the wire) In addition to connecting one end of the lower plate).
  • the first end of the flying capacitor 12 can be electrically connected to the anode of the power source 11 through a wire, and there are two connecting lines therebetween, and the second end of the flying capacitor 12 can be electrically connected to the cathode of the power source 11 through a wire, and There are two connection lines between the controller 4 and the controller 4 can be electrically connected to the switching device 3 for controlling the closing and opening of the switching device 3.
  • the flying capacitor 12 is connected in parallel with at least two semiconductor switching devices 13 , and at least one semiconductor switching device 13 is disposed on the first connecting line of the first end of the flying capacitor 12 and the positive pole of the power source 11 , and the second end of the flying capacitor 12 is provided At least one semiconductor switching device 13 is disposed on the first connection line with the negative electrode of the power source 11.
  • the switching device 3 and the at least one resistance device 2 may be disposed on a second connection line of the first end of the flying capacitor 12 and the anode of the power source 11, and the switching device 3 and the at least one resistance device 2 may be disposed at the first of the flying capacitors 12.
  • the switching device 3 and the at least one resistance device 2 On one side of the connection line with the negative terminal of the power source 11, the switching device 3 and the at least one resistance device 2 may be disposed on the connection line of the second end of the flying capacitor 12 and the anode of the power source 11, the switching device 3 and the at least one resistance device.
  • the voltage of the flying capacitor 12 may be controlled, that is, the control When the flying capacitor 12 is completed, the voltage across the capacitor 12 is fluctuated.
  • the controller 4 can control the switching device 3 to be closed, so that the power source 11 starts charging the flying capacitor 12.
  • the controller 4 can detect whether the flying capacitor 12 is fully charged. If it is detected that the charging of the flying capacitor 12 is completed, the controller 4 can control the switching device 3 to be turned off, so that the voltage across the capacitor 12 is at a multi-level.
  • the inverter there is also a voltage across the semiconductor switching device 13 in parallel with the flying capacitor 12, and a semiconductor switching device 13 (actually a switching device in parallel with the flying capacitor 12) in series with the flying capacitor 12.
  • the voltage of the semiconductor switching device 13) connected in series is equal to the voltage of the power source 11 minus the voltage of the flying capacitor 12, so the voltage of the semiconductor switching device 13 in series with the flying capacitor 12 is no longer the voltage of the power source 11, and the flying capacitor 12
  • the voltage of the semiconductor switching device 13 connected in series is relatively low, so that the damage rate of the semiconductor switching device 13 can be lowered.
  • FIG. 2a only a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-level inverter as a three-level inverter is shown.
  • the existing multi-level output is also used.
  • the main topology 1 of the state the resistance device 2, the switching device 3, and the like are added. Before the main topology works, the flying capacitor of the main topology 1 is charged first. After the charging is completed, the switching device 3 is turned off, and the main topology 1 starts to work. .
  • the main topology 1 of the multi-level inverter is used to convert the direct current into alternating current, and output various level states.
  • the main topology 1 may also include some necessary inductance devices, etc., the main topology 1 and the existing In the technology, the direct current can be converted into alternating current, and the circuit topology diagrams for outputting various level states are the same, and the semiconductor switching device 13 is connected in parallel with the flying capacitor 12, for example, the three-level inverter shown in FIG. Combined, as shown in Figure 2b.
  • the controller 4 can detect the completion of charging of the flying capacitor 12 in various ways. Two possible ways are given below:
  • the controller 4 is electrically connected to the first end of the flying capacitor and the second end of the flying capacitor respectively.
  • the controller 4 is configured to: when detecting that the voltage of the flying capacitor 12 is a preset value, The switching device 3 is turned off.
  • the preset value can be preset by a technician and stored in the multilevel inverter, and the preset value is determined based on the voltage of the power source 11 and the at least four resistance devices 2.
  • the controller 4 is electrically connected to the first end of the flying capacitor 12, and the controller 4 is electrically connected to the second end of the flying capacitor 12.
  • the controller 4 can detect the voltage of the first end of the flying capacitor 12, and detect the voltage of the second end of the flying capacitor 12, and then take the difference between the voltage of the first end and the voltage of the second end, and the obtained value is Fly across the voltage of capacitor 12.
  • the controller 4 determines that the voltage of the flying capacitor 12 is equal to a preset value, the controller 4 can determine that the charging of the flying capacitor 12 is completed, and can control the opening of the switching device 3.
  • a voltage meter is connected to the controller 4, one end of the voltmeter is electrically connected to the first end of the flying capacitor 12, and the second end of the voltmeter is electrically connected to the second end of the flying capacitor 12, and the controller 4 After the control switch 3 is closed, the voltage detected by the voltmeter can be obtained. When the voltage of the flying capacitor 12 obtained by the controller 4 is equal to a preset value, the controller 4 can determine that the flying capacitor 12 is completed, and Control opens the switching device 3.
  • the controller 4 acquires the first duration of the switching device 3, and when the first duration is equal to the preset duration, the switching device 3 is controlled to be turned off.
  • the controller 4 when the controller 4 controls the opening of the switching device 3 to be closed, the controller can obtain the opening duration and continuously count. When the first duration of the timing is equal to the preset duration, the controller 4 can determine that the flying capacitor 12 is fully charged. Control opens the switching device 3.
  • controller 4 can also control the main topology 1 to output at least one level state, and the corresponding processing can be as follows:
  • Control main topology 1 to output at least one level state.
  • the controller 4 is electrically connected to the main topology 1. After the controller 4 is controlled to open the switching device 3, the controller 4 can control the operation of the main topology 1, that is, control the semiconductor switching device 13 to be closed or disconnected, and output at least one. Level status.
  • At least four resistance devices 2 are four resistance devices 2, at least four resistance devices 2 are the first resistance device 2, the second resistance device 2, the third resistance device 2, and the fourth resistance device 2, and are connected.
  • the relationship is as follows:
  • the first resistance device 2 is disposed on the second connection line of the first end of the flying capacitor 12 and the anode of the power source 11; the fourth resistance device 2 is disposed at the connection line between the first end of the flying capacitor 12 and the cathode of the power source 11
  • the second resistance device 2 is disposed on the connection line of the second end of the flying capacitor 12 and the anode of the power source 11; the third resistance device 2 is disposed at the second end of the flying capacitor 12 and the second of the negative electrode of the power source 11 Connected to the line.
  • At least four resistance devices 2 are a first resistance device 2 (R1), a second resistance device 2 (R2), a third resistance device 2 (R3), and a fourth resistance device 2 ( R4)
  • the first resistance device 2 may be disposed on the second connection line of the first end of the flying capacitor 12 and the anode of the power source 11
  • the fourth resistance device 2 is disposed at the first end of the flying capacitor 12 and the power source 11
  • the second resistance device 2 is disposed on the connection line of the second end of the flying capacitor 12 and the anode of the power source 11
  • the third resistance device 2 is disposed at the second end of the flying capacitor 12 and the power source 11 On the second connection line of the negative pole.
  • the technician can determine the resistance value of the resistance device 2 based on the maximum voltage that each switching device in the main topology 1 can withstand in the series connection of the flying capacitor 12, because the first end of the flying capacitor 12 and the power supply
  • the semiconductor switching device 13 on the first connection line of the anode of the anode 11 and the semiconductor switching device 13 on the first connection line of the second terminal of the flying capacitor 12 and the cathode of the power source 11 are equal to the voltage of the power source 11 minus the flying
  • the difference between the voltages across the capacitors 12 is obtained, so that the difference is less than the maximum voltage that can be withstood by the upper two semiconductor switching devices 13 and the voltages of at least two semiconductor switching devices in parallel with the flying capacitors 12 Also do not exceed the maximum voltage that can be withstood.
  • the voltage of the power supply 11 is 220V
  • the voltage that each semiconductor switching device 13 can withstand in the main topology is 150V
  • the resistance value of the resistance device 2 is calculated to make two semiconductor switching devices connected in parallel.
  • the sum of the voltages of 13 is greater than 70V and less than 150V, so that each semiconductor switching device on the connecting line of the flying capacitor 12 and the power source 11 can be ensured not to be burned out.
  • the number of switching devices 3 is four, and the switching device 3 is a single-pole single-throw relay.
  • connection relationship of the resistance devices 2 may be two, which are respectively described below:
  • the switching device 3 is a first single-pole single-throw relay, a second single-pole single-throw relay, a third single-pole single-throw relay, and a fourth single-pole single-throw relay;
  • the first single-pole single-throw relay is disposed in the first resistance device 2 and
  • the second single-pole single-throw relay is disposed on the connection line of the second resistance device 2 and the positive electrode of the power source 11;
  • the third single-pole single-throw relay is disposed on the negative electrode of the third resistance device 2 and the power source 11
  • the fourth single-pole single-throw relay is disposed on the connection line of the fourth resistance device 2 and the negative terminal of the power source 11.
  • the switching device 3 is a first single-pole single-throw relay, a second single-pole single-throw relay, a third single-pole single-throw relay, and a fourth single-pole single-throw relay, and the first single-pole single-throw relay is disposed at On the connection line of the first resistor device 2 and the anode of the power source 11, the first resistor device 2 is connected to the first end of the flying capacitor 12, and the second single-pole single-throw relay is disposed at the connection of the second resistor device 2 to the anode of the power source 11.
  • the second resistance device 2 is connected to the second end of the flying capacitor 12
  • the third single-pole single-throw relay is disposed on the connection line of the third resistance device 2 and the negative terminal of the power source 11, and the third resistance device 2 is connected to the flying capacitor
  • the fourth single-pole single-throw relay is disposed on the connection line of the fourth resistance device 2 and the negative terminal of the power source 11, and the fourth resistance device 2 is connected to the first end of the flying capacitor.
  • the switching device 3 is a fifth single-pole single-throw relay, a sixth single-pole single-throw relay, a seventh single-pole single-throw relay, and an eighth single-pole single-throw relay;
  • the fifth single-pole single-throw relay is set at The first resistance device 2 is connected to the first end of the flying capacitor 12;
  • the sixth single-pole single-throw relay is disposed on the connecting line of the second resistance device 2 and the first end of the flying capacitor 12;
  • a throwing relay is disposed on a connecting line of the third resistive device 2 and the second end of the flying capacitor 12;
  • an eighth single-pole single-throwing relay is disposed on a connecting line of the fourth resistive device 2 and the second end of the flying capacitor 12.
  • the switching device 3 is a fifth single-pole single-throw relay, a sixth single-pole single-throw relay, a seventh single-pole single-throw relay, and an eighth single-pole single-throw relay, and the fifth single-pole single-throw relay is disposed in the first resistance device 2 and On the connecting line of the first end of the flying capacitor 12, the first resistor device 2 is connected to the anode of the power source, and the sixth single-pole single-throw relay is disposed on the connecting line of the first resistor device 2 and the first end of the flying capacitor 12.
  • the second resistance device 2 is connected to the negative pole of the power source
  • the seventh single-pole single-throw relay is disposed on the connection line of the third resistance device 2 and the second end of the flying capacitor 12
  • the third resistance device 2 is connected to the negative pole of the power source
  • the eighth single-pole single The throwing relay is disposed on a connection line of the fourth resistive device 2 and the second end of the flying capacitor 12, and the fourth resistive device 2 is connected to the positive pole of the power source.
  • the controller 4 is electrically connected to the four switching devices 3, respectively, and the controller 4 can control the four switching devices 3 to be simultaneously closed or simultaneously disconnected.
  • the number of the switching devices 3 is 2, and the switching device 3 is a first dual contact relay and a second dual contact relay; the first resistance device 2 and the second resistance device 2 respectively and the first double contact relay Electrically connected, the third resistance device 2 and the fourth resistance device 2 are respectively electrically connected to the second double contact relay; the first double contact relay is electrically connected to the positive pole of the power source 11, and the second double contact relay and the power source The negative electrode of 11 is electrically connected.
  • the double-contact relay refers to a relay with two contacts, which can be controlled to be simultaneously closed or simultaneously disconnected by the same coil.
  • the number of switching devices 3 is two, and the switching device 3 is a first dual contact relay and a second dual contact relay.
  • the first double contact relay may be disposed between the first resistive device 2 and the positive pole of the power source, and the first dual contact relay may be disposed between the second resistive device and the positive pole of the power source, such that
  • the controller 4 controls the double contact relay through the coil, so the controller 4 can control the first double contact relay through one coil, and can simultaneously control the line between the positive pole of the power source 11 and the first resistance device 2, and the power source 11 The continuity of the line between the positive electrode and the second resistive device 2.
  • the second double contact relay may be disposed between the third resistive device 2 and the negative pole of the power source, and the second dual contact relay may be disposed between the fourth resistive device and the negative pole of the power source, such that the controller 4 is through the coil
  • the double contact relay is controlled, so the controller 4 can control the first double contact relay through one coil, so that the line between the negative and third resistance devices 2 of the power source 11 and the negative and fourth resistors of the power source 11 can be simultaneously controlled.
  • the first resistive device 2 is electrically connected to the first end of the flying capacitor 12
  • the second resistive device 2 is electrically connected to the second end of the flying capacitor 12
  • the third resistive device 2 and the flying span The second end of the capacitor 12 is electrically connected
  • the fourth resistive device 2 is electrically connected to the first end of the flying capacitor 12.
  • the number of switching devices 3 is two, and the switching device 3 is a first dual contact relay and a second dual contact relay.
  • a first dual contact relay may be disposed between the first resistance device 2 and the first end of the flying capacitor 12, and the first double contact relay may be disposed at the second resistance device 2 and the flying capacitor.
  • the controller 4 controls the two-contact relay through the coil, the controller 4 can control the first double-contact relay through one coil, thereby simultaneously controlling the positive pole and the fly of the power source 11
  • the line between the first end of the capacitor 12, the anode of the power source 11 and the line between the second ends of the flying capacitor 12 are turned on and off.
  • the second double contact relay may be disposed between the third resistance device 2 and the second end of the flying capacitor 12, and the second double contact relay may be disposed at the first end of the fourth resistance device 2 and the flying capacitor 12.
  • the controller 4 controls the double contact relay through the coil, the controller 4 can control the second double contact relay through one coil, thereby simultaneously controlling the negative pole of the power source 11 and the first of the flying capacitor 12.
  • the line between the terminals, the line between the negative pole of the power source 11 and the second end of the flying capacitor 12 are turned on and off.
  • the first resistor device 2 is electrically connected to the anode of the power source 11
  • the second resistor device 2 is electrically connected to the anode of the power source 11
  • the third resistor device 2 is electrically connected to the cathode of the power source 11, fourth.
  • the resistance device 2 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the power source 11.
  • the number of switching devices 3 is one, and the switching device 3 is a four-contact relay.
  • the four-contact relay may be disposed on the first resistance device 2 and Between the first ends of the flying capacitors 12, a four-contact relay may be disposed between the second resistance device 2 and the second end of the flying capacitor 12, and the four-contact relay may be disposed at the third resistance device 2 and the flying cross Between the second ends of the capacitors 12, a four-contact relay may be disposed between the fourth resistive device 2 and the first end of the flying capacitor 12.
  • the controller 4 controls the four-contact relay through the coil, the controller 4 can control the four-contact relay through one coil, thereby simultaneously controlling the positive pole of the power source 11 and the first end of the flying capacitor 12.
  • the line, the line between the positive pole of the power source 11 and the second end of the flying capacitor 12, the line between the negative pole of the power source 11 and the first end of the flying capacitor 12, the negative pole of the power source 11 and the flying capacitor 12 The continuity of the line between the second ends.
  • the four-contact relay may be disposed between the first resistor device 2 and the anode of the power source 11, the four-contact relay may be disposed between the second resistor device 2 and the anode of the power source 11, and the four-contact relay may be disposed at the third resistor Between the device 2 and the negative terminal of the power source 11, a four-contact relay may be disposed between the fourth resistance device 2 and the negative terminal of the power source 11.
  • the controller 4 controls the four-contact relay through the coil, the controller 4 can control the four-contact relay through one coil, thereby simultaneously controlling the positive pole of the power source 11 and the first end of the flying capacitor 12.
  • the line, the line between the positive pole of the power source 11 and the second end of the flying capacitor 12, the line between the negative pole of the power source 11 and the first end of the flying capacitor 12, the negative pole of the power source 11 and the flying capacitor 12 The continuity of the line between the second ends.
  • the switching device 3 may be a semiconductor switching device in addition to the relay mentioned above, the number of the switching devices 3 is 4, and the switching device 3 is a MOS transistor or a triode.
  • a MOS transistor or a triode may be disposed on a connection line between the first end of the flying capacitor 12 and the anode of the power source 11.
  • a MOS transistor or a triode may be disposed on a connection line between the first end of the flying capacitor 12 and the negative terminal of the power source 11.
  • the MOS tube or the triode may be disposed on a connection line between the second end of the flying capacitor 12 and the anode of the power source 11.
  • a MOS transistor or a triode may be disposed on a connection line between the second end of the flying capacitor 12 and the negative terminal of the power source 11.
  • the switching device 3 can be any device that can be used to control the continuity of the line.
  • FIG. 2a to FIG. 7 only show the power source 11, the flying capacitor 12 and the semiconductor switching tube 13 in the main topology 1 of the three-level inverter, and the rest is not Shown, and only four resistive devices 2 are shown in Figure 2a.
  • the controller before the main topology of the multilevel inverter starts working, the controller can control the switching device to be turned off to charge the flying capacitor, and when detecting that the flying capacitor is completed, the controller can control the switching device. Disconnected, then the controller can control the main topology to start working, so that at the beginning of the main topology operation, there is voltage across the flying capacitor, and there are voltages at both ends of the semiconductor switching device in parallel with the flying capacitor, flying capacitors and power supplies.
  • the voltage of the semiconductor switching device on the connection line of the positive and negative electrodes is equal to the power supply voltage minus the voltage of the flying capacitor, so the voltage of the semiconductor switching device on the connecting line connecting the capacitor and the power source is no longer the voltage of the power source, thereby preventing The semiconductor switching device in the main topology is damaged.
  • the computer program product comprises one or more computer instructions which, when loaded and executed on a device or processor, produce, in whole or in part, a process or function according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the computer instructions can be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transferred from one computer readable storage medium to another computer readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions can be from a website site, computer, server or data center Transmission to another website site, computer, server or data center via wired (eg coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line) or wireless (eg infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.).
  • the computer readable storage medium can be any available media that can be accessed by a base station or a data storage device such as a server, data center, or the like that includes one or more available media.
  • the usable medium may be a magnetic medium (such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape, etc.), or an optical medium (such as a digital video disk (DVD), etc.), or a semiconductor medium (such as a solid state hard disk or the like).

Abstract

本发明实施例公开了一种多电平逆变器，属于电力电子领域。多电平逆变器包括主拓扑、至少四个电阻器件、开关器件和控制器，主拓扑中包括电源、飞跨电容器和至少四个半导体开关器件；飞跨电容器与电源电性连接，开关器件与电阻器件设置在飞跨电容器的第一端与电源的正极的连接线路上；开关器件与电阻器件设置在飞跨电容器的第一端与电源的负极的连接线路上；开关器件与电阻器件设置在飞跨电容器的第二端与电源的正极的连接线路上；开关器件与电阻器件设置在飞跨电容器的第二端与电源的负极的连接线路上；控制器，用于在主拓扑工作之前，控制闭合开关器件，当检测到飞跨电容器充电完成时，控制断开开关器件。采用本发明，可以防止半导体开关器件损坏。

Description

多电平逆变器
本申请要求于2018年05月03日提交的申请号为201810416766.6、发明名称为“多电平逆变器”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电力电子领域，特别涉及一种多电平逆变器。
背景技术
随着电力电子技术的发展，电力电子技术在新能源系统、电源系统、电力系统等得到了广泛的应用，在电力电子技术中，最常用的技术是通过多电平逆变器将直流电变成交流电，且输出多种电平状态。在多电平逆变器中，飞跨电容器钳位多电平逆变器是一种典型的多电平逆变器。
相关技术中，飞跨电容器钳位多电平逆变器中，包括电源器件、至少一个飞跨电容器和至少一个半导体开关器件，一般飞跨电容器并联至少一个半导体开关器件，在并联至少一个半导体开关器件后，串联至少一个半导体开关器件。
在飞跨电容器钳位多电平逆变器刚开始工作时，飞跨电容器刚开始充电，电压特别小，由于与飞跨电容器并联的半导体开关器件的电压与飞跨电容器的电压相同，所以与飞跨电容器并联的半导体开关器件的电压也比较小，整个电源器件的电压都加载在串联的半导体开关器件上，这样，串联的半导体开关器件上的电压过大，会导致串联的半导体开关器件损坏。
发明内容
为了解决开关器件损坏的问题，本发明实施例提供了一种多电平逆变器。所述技术方案如下：
第一方面，提供了一种多电平逆变器，所述多电平逆变器包括主拓扑、至少四个电阻器件、开关器件和控制器，所述主拓扑中包括电源、至少一个飞跨电容器和至少四个半导体开关器件；所述飞跨电容器的第一端与所述电源的正极电性连接，所述飞跨电容器的第二端与所述电源的负极电性连接，所述控制器与所述开关器件电性连接，所述控制器与所述主拓扑电性连接，所述飞跨电容器与至少两个半导体开关器件并联，所述飞跨电容器的第一端与所述电源的正极的第一连接线路上设置有至少一个半导体开关器件，所述飞跨电容器的第二端与所述电源的负极的第一连接线路上设置有至少一个半导体开关器件；所述开关器件与至少一个电阻器件设置在所述飞跨电容器的第一端与所述电源的正极的第二连接线路上；所述开关器件与至少一个电阻器件设置在所述飞跨电容器的第一端与所述电源的负极的连接线路上；所述开关器件与至少一个电阻器件设置在所述飞跨电容器的第二端与所述电源的正极的连接线路上；所述开关器件与至少一个电阻器件设置在所述飞跨电容器的第二端与所述电源的负极的第二连接线路上；所述控制器，用于在所述主拓扑工作之前，控制闭合所述开关器件，当检测到所述飞跨电容器充电完成时，控制断开所述开关器 件。
本发明实施例所示的方案，多电平逆变器包括主拓扑、至少四个电阻器件、开关器件和控制器，主拓扑中包括电源器件、至少一个飞跨电容器和至少四个半导体开关器件，主拓扑用于将直流电变成交流电，且输出多种电平状态。飞跨电容器包括第一端和第二端，第一端可以是飞跨电容器的上极板，第二端可以是飞跨电容器的下极板，或者，第一端也可以是与飞跨电容器的上极板连接的导线的另一端，第二端也可以是与飞跨电容器的下极板连接的导线的另一端。飞跨电容器的第一端可以与电源的正极通过导线电性连接且之间有两条连接线路，飞跨电容器的第二端可以与电源的负极通过导线电性连接，且之间有两条连接线路，控制器可以与开关器件电性连接，用于控制开关器件的闭合与断开等。飞跨电容器与至少两个半导体开关器件并联，飞跨电容器的第一端与电源的正极的第一连接线路上设置有至少一个半导体开关器件，飞跨电容器的第二端与电源的负极的第一连接线路上设置有至少一个半导体开关器件。开关器件与至少一个电阻器件可以设置在飞跨电容器的第一端与电源的正极的第二连接线路上，开关器件与至少一个电阻器件可以设置在飞跨电容器的第一端与电源的负极的连接线路上，开关器件与至少一个电阻器件可以设置在飞跨电容器的第二端与电源的正极的连接线路上，开关器件与至少一个电阻器件可以设置在飞跨电容器的第二端与电源的负极的第二连接线路上，这样，通过控制至少四个电阻器件的阻值，可以控制飞跨电容器的电压，也就是控制飞跨电容充电完成时，飞跨电容器的电压。在主拓扑开始工作之前，控制器可以控制开关器件闭合，这样，电源开始给飞跨电容进行充电。控制器可以检测飞跨电容器是否充电完成，如果检测到飞跨电容器充电完成，控制器可以控制开关器件断开，这样，在多电平逆变器刚开始工作时，飞跨电容器的两端有电压，与飞跨电容器并联的开关器件的两端也有电压，不会造成电源所有电压都加在串联的开关器件上。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述控制器分别与所述飞跨电容的第一端、所述飞跨电容的第二端电性连接；所述控制器，用于：当检测到所述飞跨电容器的电压为预设数值时，控制断开所述开关器件。
本发明实施例所示的方案，控制器与飞跨电容器的第一端电性连接，控制器与飞跨电容器的第二端电性连接。控制器可以检测飞跨电容器的第一端的电压，并且检测飞跨电容器的第二端的电压，然后将第一端的电压与第二端的电压取差值，得到的数值，即为飞跨电容器的电压。在控制器确定飞跨电容器的电压等于预设数值时，控制器可以确定飞跨电容器充电完成，可以控制断开开关器件。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述控制器与所述主拓扑电性连接，所述控制断开所述开关器件之后，所述控制器，还用于：控制所述主拓扑输出至少一种电平状态。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述至少四个电阻器件为第一电阻器件、第二电阻器件、第三电阻器件和第四电阻器件；所述第一电阻器件设置在所述飞跨电容器的第一端与所述电源的正极的第二连接线路上；所述第四电阻器件设置在所述飞跨电容器的第一端与所述电源的负极的连接线路上；所述第二电阻器件设置在所述飞跨电容器的第二端与所述电源的正极的连接线路上；所述第三电阻器件设置在所述飞跨电容器的第二端与所述电源的负极的第二连接线路上。
本发明实施例所示的方案，至少四个电阻器件为第一电阻器件、第二电阻器件、第三 电阻器件和第四电阻器件，第一电阻器件可以设置在飞跨电容器的第一端与电源的正极的第二连接线路上，第四电阻器件设置在飞跨电容器的第一端与电源的负极的连接线路上，第二电阻器件设置在飞跨电容器的第二端与电源的正极的连接线路上，第三电阻器件设置在飞跨电容器的第二端与电源的负极的第二连接线路上。这样，可以通过电阻分压，控制飞跨电容器两端的电压。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述开关器件的数目为2，且所述开关器件为第一双触点继电器和第二双触点继电器；所述第一电阻器件、所述第二电阻器件分别与所述第一双触点继电器电性连接，所述第三电阻器件、所述第四电阻器件分别与所述第二双触点继电器电性连接；所述第一双触点继电器与所述电源的正极电性连接，所述第二双触点继电器与所述电源的负极电性连接。
本发明实施例所示的方案，开关器件3的数目为2，且开关器件3为第一双触点继电器和第二双触点继电器。
第一双触点继电器可以设置在第一电阻器件2与电源的正极之间，第一双触点继电器可以设置在第二电阻器件与电源的正极之间，这样，由于控制器4是通过线圈控制双触点继电器，所以控制器4可以通过一个线圈控制第一双触点继电器，也就可以同时控制电源11的正极与第一电阻器件2之间的线路、电源11的正极与第二电阻器件2之间的线路的通断。
第二双触点继电器可以设置在第三电阻器件2与电源的负极之间，第二双触点继电器可以设置在第四电阻器件与电源的负极之间，这样，由于控制器4是通过线圈控制双触点继电器，所以控制器4可以通过一个线圈控制第一双触点继电器，也就可以同时控制电源11的负与第三电阻器件2之间的线路、电源11的负极与第四电阻器件2之间的线路的通断。
在这种连接中，第一电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第一端电性连接，第二电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第二端电性连接，第三电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第二端电性连接，第四电阻器件2与飞跨电容的第一端电性连接。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述开关器件的数目为4，且所述开关器件为单刀单掷继电器。
本发明实施例所示的方案，相当于每个电阻都连接有一个开关器件。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述开关器件为第一单刀单掷继电器、第二单刀单掷继电器、第三单刀单掷继电器和第四单刀单掷继电器；所述第一单刀单掷继电器设置在所述第一电阻器件与所述电源的正极的连接线路上；所述第二单刀单掷继电器设置在所述第二电阻器件与所述电源的正极的连接线路上；所述第三单刀单掷继电器设置在所述第三电阻器件与所述电源的负极的连接线路上；所述第四单刀单掷继电器设置在所述第四电阻器件与所述电源的负极的连接线路上。
本发明实施例所示的方案，单刀单掷继电器设置在电源与电阻器件之间。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述开关器件为第五单刀单掷继电器、第六单刀单掷继电器、第七单刀单掷继电器和第八单刀单掷继电器；所述第五单刀单掷继电器设置在所述第一电阻器件与所述飞跨电容器的第一端的连接线路上；所述第六单刀单掷继电器设置在所述第二电阻器件与所述飞跨电容器的第一端的连接线路上；所述第七单刀单掷继电器设置在所述第三电阻器件与所述飞跨电容器的第二端的连接线路上；所述第八单刀单掷继电器 设置在所述第四电阻器件与所述飞跨电容器的第二端的连接线路上。
本发明实施例所示的方案，单刀单掷继电器设置在飞电容器与电阻器件之间。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述开关器件的数目为4，且所述开关器件为金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管MOS管或三极管。
其中，MOS管为金属(metal)—氧化物(oxid)—半导体(semiconductor)场效应晶体管。
本发明实施例所示的方案，除了主拓扑之外，在飞跨电容器与电源连接的每条线路上设置有一个开关器件，该开关器件为MOS管或三极管
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述开关器件的数目为1，且所述开关器件为四触点继电器。
本发明实施例所示的方案，开关器件的数目为1，开关器件为一个四触点继电器，相当于有四个触点。四触点继电器可以设置在第一电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第一端之间，四触点继电器可以设置在第二电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第二端之间，四触点继电器可以设置在第三电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第二端之间，四触点继电器可以设置在第四电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第一端之间。这样，由于控制器4是通过线圈控制四触点继电器，所以控制器4可以通过一个线圈控制四触点继电器，也就可以同时控制电源11的正极与飞跨电容器12的第一端之间的线路、电源11的正极与飞跨电容器12的第二端之间的线路的通断，电源11的负极与飞跨电容器12的第一端之间的线路、电源11的负极与飞跨电容器12的第二端之间的线路的通断。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案带来的有益效果至少包括：
本发明实施例中，在多电平逆变器的主拓扑开始工作前，控制器可以控制开关器件关闭，给飞跨电容器充电，在检测到飞跨电容器充电完成时，控制器可以控制开关器件断开，然后控制器可以控制主拓扑开始工作，这样在主拓扑工作开始时，飞跨电容器的两端有电压，与飞跨电容器并联的半导体开关器件的两端也有电压，飞跨电容器与电源正负极的连接线路上的半导体开关器件的电压等于电源电压减去飞跨电容器的电压，所以飞跨电容器与电源的连接线路上的半导体开关器件的电压不再是电源的电压，从而可以防止主拓扑中的半导体开关器件损坏。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的一种三电平逆变器的结构示意图；
图2a是本发明实施例提供的一种三电平逆变器的结构示意图；
图2b是本发明实施例提供的一种三电平逆变器的结构示意图；
图3是本发明实施例提供的一种三电平逆变器的结构示意图；
图4是本发明实施例提供的一种三电平逆变器的结构示意图；
图5是本发明实施例提供的一种三电平逆变器的结构示意图；
图6是本发明实施例提供的一种三电平逆变器的结构示意图；
图7是本发明实施例提供的一种三电平逆变器的结构示意图。
图例说明
1、主拓扑                          11、电源
12、飞跨电容器                     13、半导体开关器件
2、电阻器件                        3、开关器件
4、控制器
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，先介绍一下现有技术中三电平逆变器。
在相关技术中，多电平逆变器有三电平逆变器、五电平逆变器等，此处以三电平逆变器为例进行说明，飞跨电容钳位三电平逆变器的拓扑图如图1所示，飞跨电容为C1和C2，电源为U，还有八个半导体开关器件，以飞跨电容C1为例，四个半导体开关器件为Q1、Q2、Q3和Q4，由于C1并联了两个半导体开关器件，所以C1的电压等于电源电压的一半，通过控制Q1、Q2、Q3和Q4，就可以实现输出三个电平状态，由于在该三电平逆变器刚开启时，C1两端的电压为0，所以Q2和Q3的电压也为0，整个电源电压均加在Q1和Q4上，在Q1和Q4其中有一个开启时，开启的这个半导体开关器件相当于一个特别小的电阻，这样，电源电压都加在Q1和Q4中另一个未开启的半导体开关器件上，在半导体开关器件的额定最大电压一定的情况下，这个半导体开关器件有可能会由于电压过大，而被损坏。
为了便于对本发明实施例的理解，下面首先介绍本发明实施例涉及的应用场景、以及所涉及到名词的概念。
本发明实施例可以应用于包括飞跨电容器12的多电平逆变器，可以用于将直流电变成交流电，且输出多种电平状态。
飞跨电容，在多电平逆变器中并联半导体开关器件13的电容器。
多电平逆变器，将直流电变成交流电，且输出多种电平状态的装置，例如，三电平逆变器、五电平逆变器等，三电平逆变器可以输出三种电平状态，五电平逆变器可以输出五种电平状态。
本发明实施例以多电平逆变器为三电平逆变器为例进行方案的详细说明：
本发明实施例中提供了一种多电平逆变器，该多电平逆变器包括主拓扑1、至少四个电阻器件2、开关器件3和控制器4，主拓扑1中包括电源11、至少一个飞跨电容器12和至少四个半导体开关器件13，飞跨电容器12的第一端与电源11的正极电性连接，飞跨电容器12的第二端与电源11的负极电性连接，控制器4与开关器件3电性连接；飞跨电容器12与至少两个半导体开关器件并联13，飞跨电容器12的第一端与电源的正极的第一连接线路上设置有至少一个半导体开关器件13，飞跨电容器12的第二端与电源的负极的第一连接线路上设置有至少一个半导体开关器件13；开关器件3与至少一个电阻器件2设置在飞跨电容器12的第一端与电源11的正极的第二连接线路上；开关器件3与至少一个电阻器件2设置在飞跨电容器12的第一端与电源11的负极的连接线路上；开关器件3与至少一个电阻器件2设置在飞跨电容器12的第二端与电源11的正极的连接线路上；开关器件3与至少一个电阻器件2设置在飞跨电容器12的第二端与电源11的负极的第二连接线路上；控制器4，用于在主拓扑1工作之前，控制闭合开关器件3，当检测到飞跨电容器12充电 完成时，控制断开开关器件3。
在实施中，如图2a所示，多电平逆变器包括主拓扑1、至少四个电阻器件2、开关器件3和控制器4，主拓扑1中至少可以包括电源11、至少一个飞跨电容器12和至少四个半导体开关器件13(半导体开关器件可以是开关器件中的一种)，主拓扑1用于将直流电变成交流电，且输出多种电平状态。飞跨电容器12包括第一端和第二端，第一端可以是飞跨电容器12的上极板，第二端可以是飞跨电容器12的下极板，或者，第一端也可以是与飞跨电容器12的上极板连接的导线的另一端(导线上除了连接上极板的一端)，第二端也可以是与飞跨电容器12的下极板连接的导线的另一端(导线上除了连接下极板的一端)。
飞跨电容器12的第一端可以与电源11的正极通过导线电性连接，且之间有两条连接线路，飞跨电容器12的第二端可以与电源11的负极通过导线电性连接，且之间有两条连接线路，控制器4可以与开关器件3电性连接，用于控制开关器件3的闭合与断开等。飞跨电容器12与至少两个半导体开关器件13并联，飞跨电容器12的第一端与电源11的正极的第一连接线路上设置有至少一个半导体开关器件13，飞跨电容器12的第二端与电源11的负极的第一连接线路上设置有至少一个半导体开关器件13。
开关器件3与至少一个电阻器件2可以设置在飞跨电容器12的第一端与电源11的正极的第二连接线路上，开关器件3与至少一个电阻器件2可以设置在飞跨电容器12的第一端与电源11的负极的连接线路上，开关器件3与至少一个电阻器件2可以设置在飞跨电容器12的第二端与电源11的正极的连接线路上，开关器件3与至少一个电阻器件2可以设置在飞跨电容器12的第二端与电源11的负极的第二连接线路上，这样，通过控制至少四个电阻器件2的阻值，可以控制飞跨电容器12的电压，也就是控制飞跨电容器12充电完成时，飞跨电容器12的电压。
在主拓扑1开始工作之前，控制器4可以控制开关器件3闭合，这样，电源11开始给飞跨电容器12进行充电。控制器4可以检测飞跨电容器12是否充电完成，如果检测到飞跨电容器12充电完成，控制器4可以控制开关器件3断开，这样，飞跨电容器12的两端有电压，在多电平逆变器刚开始工作时，与飞跨电容器12并联的半导体开关器件13的两端也有电压，与飞跨电容器12一起串联的半导体开关器件13(实际上是与飞跨电容器12并联的开关器件一起串联的半导体开关器件13)的电压等于电源11电压减去飞跨电容器12的电压，所以与飞跨电容器12串联的半导体开关器件13的电压不再是电源11的电压，与飞跨电容器12串联的半导体开关器件13的电压比较低，所以可以降低半导体开关器件13的损坏率。
需要说明的是，图2a中仅示出了多电平逆变器为三电平逆变器的结构示意图，对于其余多电平逆变器中，也是在已有的用于输出多电平状态的主拓扑1中，增加了电阻器件2、开关器件3等，在主拓扑工作之前，先给主拓扑1的飞跨电容器充电，充电完成后，断开开关器件3，主拓扑1开始工作。
可选的，多电平逆变器的主拓扑1用于将直流电变成交流电，并且输出多种电平状态，主拓扑1中还可以包括一些必要的电感器件等，主拓扑1与现有技术中能够直流电变成交流电，并且输出多种电平状态的电路拓扑图相同，且都有半导体开关器件13与飞跨电容器12并联，例如，可以与图1所示的三电平逆变器相结合，如图2b所示。
可选的，控制器4有多种方式可以检测飞跨电容器12充电完成，以下给出两种可行的 方式：
方式一：控制器4分别与飞跨电容的第一端、飞跨电容的第二端电性连接；控制器4，用于：当检测到飞跨电容器12的电压为预设数值时，控制断开开关器件3。
其中，预设数值可以由技术人员预设，并且存储至多电平逆变器中，预设数值是基于电源11的电压和至少四个电阻器件2确定的。
在实施中，如图3所示，控制器4与飞跨电容器12的第一端电性连接，控制器4与飞跨电容器12的第二端电性连接。
控制器4可以检测飞跨电容器12的第一端的电压，并且检测飞跨电容器12的第二端的电压，然后将第一端的电压与第二端的电压取差值，得到的数值，即为飞跨电容器12的电压。在控制器4确定飞跨电容器12的电压等于预设数值时，控制器4可以确定飞跨电容器12充电完成，可以控制断开开关器件3。
或者，控制器4中接入一个电压表，电压表的一端与飞跨电容器12的第一端电性连接，电压表的第二端与飞跨电容器12的第二端电性连接，控制器4在控制开启开关器件3闭合后，可以获取电压表检测的电压，在控制器4获取到的飞跨电容器12的电压等于预设数值时，控制器4可以确定飞跨电容器12充电完成，可以控制断开开关器件3。
方式二，控制器4获取开启开关器件3的第一时长，当第一时长等于预设时长时，控制断开开关器件3。
其中，预设时长可以由技术人员预设，并且存储至多电平逆变器中，预设时长是基于电源11的电压和至少四个电阻器件2确定的，一般预设时长等于电源11给飞跨电容器12的充电时长。
在实施中，控制器4在控制开启开关器件3闭合时，可以获取开启时长，并持续计时，在计时的第一时长等于预设时长时，控制器4可以确定飞跨电容器12充电完成，可以控制断开开关器件3。
可选的，控制器4还可以控制主拓扑1输出至少一种电平状态，相应的处理可以如下：
控制主拓扑1输出至少一种电平状态。
在实施中，控制器4与主拓扑1电性连接，控制器4在控制断开开关器件3后，可以控制主拓扑1工作，即控制其中的半导体开关器件13闭合或断开，输出至少一种电平状态。
可选的，至少四个电阻器件2为四个电阻器件2时，至少四个电阻器件2为第一电阻器件2、第二电阻器件2、第三电阻器件2和第四电阻器件2，连接关系如下述所示：
第一电阻器件2设置在飞跨电容器12的第一端与电源11的正极的第二连接线路上；第四电阻器件2设置在飞跨电容器12的第一端与电源11的负极的连接线路上；第二电阻器件2设置在飞跨电容器12的第二端与电源11的正极的连接线路上；第三电阻器件2设置在飞跨电容器12的第二端与电源11的负极的第二连接线路上。
在实施中，如图4所示，至少四个电阻器件2为第一电阻器件2(R1)、第二电阻器件2(R2)、第三电阻器件2(R3)和第四电阻器件2(R4)，第一电阻器件2可以设置在飞跨电容器12的第一端与电源11的正极的第二连接线路上，第四电阻器件2设置在飞跨电容器12的第一端与电源11的负极的连接线路上，第二电阻器件2设置在飞跨电容器12的第二端与电源11的正极的连接线路上，第三电阻器件2设置在飞跨电容器12的第二端与电源11的负极的第二连接线路上。
这样，如果电源11电压为U，飞跨电容器12的第一端处的电压为U1＝U*R4/(R1+R4)，飞跨电容的第二端处的电压为U2＝U*R3/(R2+R3)，这样，飞跨电容器12的电压为U1-U2，上述提到的预设数值可以等于U1-U2。
需要说明的是，技术人员可以基于主拓扑1中与飞跨电容器12串联的每个开关器件能承受的最大电压，确定电阻器件2的电阻值，由于在飞跨电容器12的第一端与电源11的正极的第一连接线路上的半导体开关器件13、在飞跨电容器12的第二端与电源11的负极的第一连接线路上的半导体开关器件13的电压等于电源11的电压减去飞跨电容器12的电压得到的差值，所以只要该差值小于与这段中上面两个半导体开关器件13能承受的最大电压，且与飞跨电容器12并联的至少两个半导体开关器件承受的电压也不能超过承受的最大电压即可。例如，一共有四个半导体开关器件13，电源11电压为220V，主拓扑中每个半导体开关器件13所能承受的电压是150V，计算电阻器件2的电阻值，使并联的两个半导体开关器件13的电压总和大于70V且小于150V这样，就可以保证飞跨电容器12与电源11的连接线路上的每个半导体开关器件不被烧坏。
可选的，开关器件3的数目为4，且开关器件3为单刀单掷继电器。
可选的，在开关器件3的数目为4的情况下，电阻器件2的连接关系可以有两种，以下分别就进行描述：
第一种，开关器件3为第一单刀单掷继电器、第二单刀单掷继电器、第三单刀单掷继电器和第四单刀单掷继电器；第一单刀单掷继电器设置在第一电阻器件2与电源11的正极的连接线路上；第二单刀单掷继电器设置在第二电阻器件2与电源11的正极的连接线路上；第三单刀单掷继电器设置在第三电阻器件2与电源11的负极的连接线路上；第四单刀单掷继电器设置在第四电阻器件2与电源11的负极的连接线路上。
在实施中，如图2a所示，开关器件3为第一单刀单掷继电器、第二单刀单掷继电器、第三单刀单掷继电器和第四单刀单掷继电器，第一单刀单掷继电器设置在第一电阻器件2与电源11的正极的连接线路上，第一电阻器件2连接飞跨电容器12的第一端，第二单刀单掷继电器设置在第二电阻器件2与电源11的正极的连接线路上，第二电阻器件2连接飞跨电容器12的第二端，第三单刀单掷继电器设置在第三电阻器件2与电源11的负极的连接线路上，第三电阻器件2连接飞跨电容器的第二端，第四单刀单掷继电器设置在第四电阻器件2与电源11的负极的连接线路上，第四电阻器件2连接飞跨电容器的第一端。
第二种，如图5所示，开关器件3为第五单刀单掷继电器、第六单刀单掷继电器、第七单刀单掷继电器和第八单刀单掷继电器；第五单刀单掷继电器设置在第一电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第一端的连接线路上；第六单刀单掷继电器设置在第二电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第一端的连接线路上；第七单刀单掷继电器设置在第三电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第二端的连接线路上；第八单刀单掷继电器设置在第四电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第二端的连接线路上。
在实施中，开关器件3为第五单刀单掷继电器、第六单刀单掷继电器、第七单刀单掷继电器和第八单刀单掷继电器，第五单刀单掷继电器设置在第一电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第一端的连接线路上，第一电阻器件2连接电源的正极，第六单刀单掷继电器设置在第二电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第一端的连接线路上，第二电阻器件2连接电源的负极，第七单刀单掷继电器设置在第三电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第二端的连接线路上，第三 电阻器件2连接电源的负极，第八单刀单掷继电器设置在第四电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第二端的连接线路上，第四电阻器件2连接电源的正极。
需要说明的是，在上述两种情况下，控制器4分别与四个开关器件3电性连接，控制器4可以控制四个开关器件3同时闭合，或同时断开。
可选的，开关器件3的数目为2，且开关器件3为第一双触点继电器和第二双触点继电器；第一电阻器件2、第二电阻器件2分别与第一双触点继电器电性连接，第三电阻器件2、第四电阻器件2分别与第二双触点继电器电性连接；第一双触点继电器与电源11的正极电性连接，第二双触点继电器与电源11的负极电性连接。
其中，双触点继电器是指有两个触点的继电器，可以通过同一线圈控制同时闭合或同时断开。
在实施中，开关器件3的数目为2，且开关器件3为第一双触点继电器和第二双触点继电器。
如图6所示，第一双触点继电器可以设置在第一电阻器件2与电源的正极之间，第一双触点继电器可以设置在第二电阻器件与电源的正极之间，这样，由于控制器4是通过线圈控制双触点继电器，所以控制器4可以通过一个线圈控制第一双触点继电器，也就可以同时控制电源11的正极与第一电阻器件2之间的线路、电源11的正极与第二电阻器件2之间的线路的通断。
第二双触点继电器可以设置在第三电阻器件2与电源的负极之间，第二双触点继电器可以设置在第四电阻器件与电源的负极之间，这样，由于控制器4是通过线圈控制双触点继电器，所以控制器4可以通过一个线圈控制第一双触点继电器，也就可以同时控制电源11的负与第三电阻器件2之间的线路、电源11的负极与第四电阻器件2之间的线路的通断。
在这种连接中，第一电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第一端电性连接，第二电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第二端电性连接，第三电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第二端电性连接，第四电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第一端电性连接。
另外，开关器件3的数目为2，且开关器件3为第一双触点继电器和第二双触点继电器。
如图7所示，第一双触点继电器可以设置在第一电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第一端之间，第一双触点继电器可以设置在第二电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第二端之间，这样，由于控制器4是通过线圈控制双触点继电器，所以控制器4可以通过一个线圈控制第一双触点继电器，也就可以同时控制电源11的正极与飞跨电容器12的第一端之间的线路、电源11的正极与飞跨电容器12的第二端之间的线路的通断。
第二双触点继电器可以设置在第三电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第二端之间，第二双触点继电器可以设置在第四电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第一端之间，这样，由于控制器4是通过线圈控制双触点继电器，所以控制器4可以通过一个线圈控制第二双触点继电器，也就可以同时控制电源11的负极与飞跨电容器12的第一端之间的线路、电源11的负极与飞跨电容器12的第二端之间的线路的通断。
在这种连接中，第一电阻器件2与电源11的正极电性连接，第二电阻器件2与电源11的正极电性连接，第三电阻器件2与电源11的负极电性连接，第四电阻器件2与电源11的负极电性连接。
可选的，开关器件3的数目为1，且开关器件3为四触点继电器。
在实施中，开关器件3的数目为1，开关器件3为一个四触点继电器，包含了四个触点。
可选的，在至少四个电阻器件2为第一电阻器件2、第二电阻器件2、第三电阻器件2和第四电阻器件2时，四触点继电器可以设置在第一电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第一端之间，四触点继电器可以设置在第二电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第二端之间，四触点继电器可以设置在第三电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第二端之间，四触点继电器可以设置在第四电阻器件2与飞跨电容器12的第一端之间。这样，由于控制器4是通过线圈控制四触点继电器，所以控制器4可以通过一个线圈控制四触点继电器，也就可以同时控制电源11的正极与飞跨电容器12的第一端之间的线路、电源11的正极与飞跨电容器12的第二端之间的线路的通断，电源11的负极与飞跨电容器12的第一端之间的线路、电源11的负极与飞跨电容器12的第二端之间的线路的通断。
四触点继电器可以设置在第一电阻器件2与电源11的正极之间，四触点继电器可以设置在第二电阻器件2与电源11的正极之间，四触点继电器可以设置在第三电阻器件2与电源11的负极之间，四触点继电器可以设置在第四电阻器件2与电源11的负极之间。这样，由于控制器4是通过线圈控制四触点继电器，所以控制器4可以通过一个线圈控制四触点继电器，也就可以同时控制电源11的正极与飞跨电容器12的第一端之间的线路、电源11的正极与飞跨电容器12的第二端之间的线路的通断，电源11的负极与飞跨电容器12的第一端之间的线路、电源11的负极与飞跨电容器12的第二端之间的线路的通断。
可选的，开关器件3除了上述提到的继电器，还可以是半导体开关器件，开关器件3的数目为4，且开关器件3为MOS管或三极管。
在实施中，MOS管或三极管可以设置在飞跨电容器12的第一端与电源11的正极的连接线路上。MOS管或三极管可以设置在飞跨电容器12的第一端与电源11的负极的连接线路上，MOS管或三极管可以设置在飞跨电容器12的第二端与电源11的正极的连接线路上，MOS管或三极管可以设置在飞跨电容器12的第二端与电源11的负极的连接线路上。
另外，开关器件3还可以是任何可用于控制线路通断的器件。
需要说明的是，在本发明实施例中，附图2a至附图7仅示出三电平逆变器的主拓扑1中的电源11、飞跨电容器12和半导体开关管13，其余部分未示出，并且在图2a中仅示出了四个电阻器件2。
本发明实施例中，在多电平逆变器的主拓扑开始工作前，控制器可以控制开关器件关闭，给飞跨电容器充电，在检测到飞跨电容器充电完成时，控制器可以控制开关器件断开，然后控制器可以控制主拓扑开始工作，这样在主拓扑工作开始时，飞跨电容器的两端有电压，与飞跨电容器并联的半导体开关器件的两端也有电压，飞跨电容器与电源正负极的连接线路上的半导体开关器件的电压等于电源电压减去飞跨电容器的电压，所以飞跨电容器与电源的连接线路上的半导体开关器件的电压不再是电源的电压，从而可以防止主拓扑中的半导体开关器件损坏。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现，当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令，在设备或处理器上加载和执行所述计算机程序指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本发明实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机 可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴光缆、光纤、数字用户线)或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是基站能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质(如软盘、硬盘和磁带等)，也可以是光介质(如数字视盘(Digital Video Disk，DVD)等)，或者半导体介质(如固态硬盘等)。
以上所述仅为本申请的一个实施例，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种多电平逆变器，其特征在于，所述多电平逆变器包括主拓扑、至少四个电阻器件、开关器件和控制器，所述主拓扑中包括电源、至少一个飞跨电容器和至少四个半导体开关器件；
    所述飞跨电容器的第一端与所述电源的正极电性连接，所述飞跨电容器的第二端与所述电源的负极电性连接，所述控制器与所述开关器件电性连接，所述控制器与所述主拓扑电性连接，所述飞跨电容器与至少两个半导体开关器件并联，所述飞跨电容器的第一端与所述电源的正极的第一连接线路上设置有至少一个半导体开关器件，所述飞跨电容器的第二端与所述电源的负极的第一连接线路上设置有至少一个半导体开关器件；
    所述开关器件与至少一个电阻器件设置在所述飞跨电容器的第一端与所述电源的正极的第二连接线路上；
    所述开关器件与至少一个电阻器件设置在所述飞跨电容器的第一端与所述电源的负极的连接线路上；
    所述开关器件与至少一个电阻器件设置在所述飞跨电容器的第二端与所述电源的正极的连接线路上；
    所述开关器件与至少一个电阻器件设置在所述飞跨电容器的第二端与所述电源的负极的第二连接线路上；
    所述控制器，用于在所述主拓扑工作之前，控制闭合所述开关器件，当检测到所述飞跨电容器充电完成时，控制断开所述开关器件。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多电平逆变器，其特征在于，所述控制器分别与所述飞跨电容的第一端、所述飞跨电容的第二端电性连接；
    所述控制器，用于：
    当检测到所述飞跨电容器的电压为预设数值时，控制断开所述开关器件。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的多电平逆变器，其特征在于，所述控制断开所述开关器件之后，所述控制器，还用于：
    控制所述主拓扑输出至少一种电平状态。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的多电平逆变器，其特征在于，所述至少四个电阻器件为第一电阻器件、第二电阻器件、第三电阻器件和第四电阻器件；
    所述第一电阻器件设置在所述飞跨电容器的第一端与所述电源的正极的第二连接线路上；
    所述第四电阻器件设置在所述飞跨电容器的第一端与所述电源的负极的连接线路上；
    所述第二电阻器件设置在所述飞跨电容器的第二端与所述电源的正极的连接线路上；
    所述第三电阻器件设置在所述飞跨电容器的第二端与所述电源的负极的第二连接线路上。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的多电平逆变器，其特征在于，所述开关器件的数目为2，且所述开关器件为第一双触点继电器和第二双触点继电器；
    所述第一电阻器件、所述第二电阻器件分别与所述第一双触点继电器电性连接，所述第三电阻器件、所述第四电阻器件分别与所述第二双触点继电器电性连接；
    所述第一双触点继电器与所述电源的正极电性连接，所述第二双触点继电器与所述电源的负极电性连接。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的多电平逆变器，其特征在于，所述开关器件的数目为4，且所述开关器件为单刀单掷继电器。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的多电平逆变器，其特征在于，所述开关器件为第一单刀单掷继电器、第二单刀单掷继电器、第三单刀单掷继电器和第四单刀单掷继电器；
    所述第一单刀单掷继电器设置在所述第一电阻器件与所述电源的正极的连接线路上；
    所述第二单刀单掷继电器设置在所述第二电阻器件与所述电源的正极的连接线路上；
    所述第三单刀单掷继电器设置在所述第三电阻器件与所述电源的负极的连接线路上；
    所述第四单刀单掷继电器设置在所述第四电阻器件与所述电源的负极的连接线路上。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的多电平逆变器，其特征在于，所述开关器件为第五单刀单掷继电器、第六单刀单掷继电器、第七单刀单掷继电器和第八单刀单掷继电器；
    所述第五单刀单掷继电器设置在所述第一电阻器件与所述飞跨电容器的第一端的连接线路上；
    所述第六单刀单掷继电器设置在所述第二电阻器件与所述飞跨电容器的第一端的连接线路上；
    所述第七单刀单掷继电器设置在所述第三电阻器件与所述飞跨电容器的第二端的连接线路上；
    所述第八单刀单掷继电器设置在所述第四电阻器件与所述飞跨电容器的第二端的连接线路上。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的多电平逆变器，其特征在于，所述开关器件的数目为4，且所述开关器件为金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管MOS管或三极管。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的多电平逆变器，其特征在于，所述开关器件的数目为1，且所述开关器件为四触点继电器。
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