WO2019096091A1 - 充电站及充电系统、方法、装置 - Google Patents

充电站及充电系统、方法、装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019096091A1
WO2019096091A1 PCT/CN2018/115031 CN2018115031W WO2019096091A1 WO 2019096091 A1 WO2019096091 A1 WO 2019096091A1 CN 2018115031 W CN2018115031 W CN 2018115031W WO 2019096091 A1 WO2019096091 A1 WO 2019096091A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switch
bus
charging
positive
power
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PCT/CN2018/115031
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈小宇
容武俊
甘银华
朱跃
Original Assignee
蔚来汽车有限公司
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Application filed by 蔚来汽车有限公司 filed Critical 蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority to EP18880023.9A priority Critical patent/EP3713038B1/en
Publication of WO2019096091A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019096091A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicle charging and replacing, and particularly to a charging station and a charging system, method and device.
  • the power battery when controlling the power battery to supply power to the load, it is first determined whether the load is connected through the battery management system. When the connected load is confirmed, the high-voltage relay in the power battery is closed to form a power supply circuit. Based on the above method, it is possible to ensure that the power battery is connected to the load when the power is supplied to the outside, so that the power battery is disconnected from the electric equipment in the electric vehicle when the electric vehicle is turned off or stopped. At the same time, it is also possible to reduce the standby loss of the power battery when the power supply system to which the power battery belongs is in a standby state.
  • the present invention provides a charging station and a charging system, Method, device.
  • the charging system of the present invention includes a power interface, a battery interface, a power access switch, a battery access switch, a pre-charge switch, an insulation monitoring module, and a controller;
  • the power access switches are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of the power interface, the battery access switches are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of the battery interface, and the precharge switch is connected in parallel with one of the battery access switches.
  • the insulation monitoring module is disposed on a DC bus between the power interface and the power access switch;
  • the controller is configured to control the insulation monitoring module, the power access switch, the pre-charge switch, the battery, and the one of the battery access switches to form a current path when the charging is initiated, to detect the current path The current is then closed to another of the battery access switches; and the controller is further configured to control the insulation monitoring module to monitor an insulation resistance of the DC bus to ground during charging.
  • the controller includes a first control module; the first control module is configured to perform the following operations:
  • the insulation monitoring module includes a positive switch, a negative switch, a positive resistance and a negative resistance;
  • One end of the positive switch is grounded, and the other end is connected to the positive DC bus in the DC bus through the positive resistance;
  • One end of the negative switch is grounded, and the other end is connected to the negative DC bus in the DC bus through the negative resistance.
  • the controller also includes a second control module configured to perform the following operations:
  • the anode switch is controlled to be closed, and the cathode switch is turned off to detect an insulation resistance of the anode DC bus in the DC bus to ground.
  • the preset first control instruction is to control the positive switch and the negative switch to be simultaneously closed
  • the preset second control command is to control the positive switch and the negative switch to be simultaneously turned off.
  • the power access switch is a relay or a controllable semiconductor switch
  • the battery access switch is a relay or a controllable semiconductor switch
  • the precharge switch is a relay or a controllable semiconductor switch.
  • the positive switch is a relay or a controllable semiconductor switch
  • the negative switch is a relay or a controllable semiconductor switch.
  • the system further includes a power conversion module, the input side of which is connected to the power interface, and the output side is connected to the power access switch;
  • the power conversion module is configured to convert the AC/DC charging power source connected to the power interface into a DC charging power source usable by the battery.
  • the power conversion module is an AC/DC module or a DC/DC module.
  • a charging station in the present invention includes a power battery charging position and a charging system as described in the above technical solution;
  • the power battery charging bit is provided with a power supply interface
  • the power interface in the charging system is connected to the power supply interface.
  • the charging method of the present invention is used in a charging system, and the charging system is the charging system described in the above technical solution, and the method is used to control the charging system to charge a battery, specifically:
  • the preset first control command is capable of An instruction to conduct a positive DC bus in the DC bus and a negative DC bus;
  • the method is further configured to control the insulation monitoring module to monitor the insulation resistance of the DC bus to the ground during the charging process, specifically:
  • the negative switch in the insulation monitoring module is controlled to be closed, and the positive switch is turned off to detect the insulation resistance of the negative DC bus in the DC bus to the ground.
  • a storage device in the present invention wherein a plurality of programs are stored, the programs being adapted to be loaded and executed by a processor to implement the charging method described in the above technical solution.
  • a processing apparatus in the present invention includes a processor and a storage device.
  • the processor is adapted to execute the various programs;
  • the storage device is adapted to store the plurality of programs.
  • the program is adapted to be loaded and executed by a processor to implement the charging method described in the above technical solution.
  • the charging system of the present invention can control the insulation monitoring module, the power supply access switch, the pre-charge switch, the battery and a battery access switch to form a current path when the controller starts charging, to close after detecting the current in the current path.
  • Another battery access switch which controls the conventional device in the above charging circuit to form a current path, does not need to provide a bypass resistor, which not only reduces the manufacturing cost of the charging system, but also avoids the safety hazard and power loss caused by the bypass resistor. Improve the electrical safety of the charging system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a charging system in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of another charging system in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an insulation monitoring module
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a charging system based on the insulation monitoring module shown in FIG.
  • a signal relay can be added to disconnect the power battery from the bypass resistor by opening the signal relay after the battery relay is closed.
  • this method reduces the safety hazard caused by the bypass resistor, it also makes the power battery charging strategy more complicated, and setting the signal relay also increases the manufacturing cost. Based on this, the present invention provides a charging system that can safely and reliably control battery relay closure without adding any components.
  • Figure 1 exemplarily shows the structure of a charging system in this embodiment.
  • the charging system in this embodiment may include a power interface 11 , a battery interface 12 , two power access switches 13 , two battery access switches 14 , a pre-charge switch 15 , and an insulation monitoring module 16 . And controller 17.
  • the two power access switches 14 in this embodiment are respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals of the power interface 11, and the two battery access switches 14 are respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery interface 12, and the precharge switch 15 and the first
  • the battery access switch 14 is connected in parallel (as shown in FIG. 1 , the pre-charge switch 15 is connected in parallel with the battery access switch 14 disposed on the positive DC bus 18 ), and the insulation monitoring module 16 is disposed on the power interface 11 and the power access switch 13 .
  • the DC busbars are connected (as shown in FIG. 1 , the two ends of the insulation monitoring module 16 are respectively connected to the positive DC bus 18 and the negative DC bus 19).
  • the power access switch 13 can be a relay or a controllable semiconductor switch
  • the battery access switch 14 can also be a relay or a controllable semiconductor switch
  • the precharge switch 15 can also be a relay. Or a controllable semiconductor switch.
  • the controller 17 can be configured to control the insulation monitoring module 16, the power access switch 13, the pre-charge switch 15, the battery, and one of the battery access switches 14 when the charging is started (as shown in FIG. 1 , the battery
  • the access switch is a battery access switch disposed on the negative DC bus 19 to form a current path to close another battery access switch 14 after detecting the current in the current path (as shown in FIG. 1 , the battery is connected
  • the switch is a battery access switch disposed on the positive DC bus 18.
  • a bypass resistor at both ends of the battery, and a current path is formed by controlling the insulation monitoring module 16 and the battery, and after detecting the current in the current path, the battery access switch can be automatically controlled to be completely closed, and the battery charging is completed. Boot process.
  • the controller 17 in this embodiment may be further configured to control the insulation monitoring module 16 to monitor the insulation resistance of the DC bus to ground after the charging is completed and the charging process is completed.
  • the insulation monitoring module 16 can adopt a conventional DC insulation monitoring module.
  • Figure 3 exemplarily shows the structure of an insulation monitoring module in this embodiment.
  • the present embodiment may include a monitoring module insulating relay1 positive switching, switch relay2 negative, positive electrode resistors R 1 and R 2, R 3 and negative electrode resistance R 4.
  • one end grounded and the other end of the positive electrode passes through the positive electrode of the switching Relay1 access positive DC power source V pv resistors R 2 and R 1.
  • One end grounded and the other end of the negative electrode passes through the switch Relay2 negative electrode resistance R 3 and R 4 the access of the negative DC power supply V pv.
  • the insulation monitoring module shown in FIG. 3 is disposed on the DC bus between the power interface 11 and the power access switch 13 shown in FIG.
  • the positive switch Relay1 may be a relay or a controllable semiconductor switch
  • the negative switch Relay2 may also be a relay or a controllable semiconductor switch.
  • the insulation monitoring module can monitor the insulation resistances R x and R y of the positive and negative poles to the ground in the DC power supply V pv according to the following steps, specifically:
  • Step S101 First, the positive switch Relay1 is closed, the negative switch Relay2 is maintained in the off state, and then the voltage V AG1 across the positive resistances R 1 and R 2 is collected.
  • Step S102 First, the negative switch Relay2 is closed, the positive switch Relay1 is maintained in the off state, and then the voltage V AG2 across the negative resistances R 3 and R 4 is collected.
  • Step S103 Calculate the insulation resistances R x and R y according to the voltages V AG1 and V AG2 collected in steps S101 and S102 according to the following formula (1):
  • controller 17 in the charging system shown in FIG. 1 in this embodiment may include a first control module and a second control module.
  • the first control module in this embodiment may be configured to perform the following operations:
  • Step S201 The two power supply access switches 13, the precharge switch 15, and the battery access switch 14 provided on the negative DC bus 19 are closed when the charging is started.
  • Step S202 detecting whether the two power access switches 13 are closed.
  • a preset first control command is sent to the insulation monitoring module 16 to form the current path.
  • the preset first control command is an instruction capable of turning on the positive DC bus 18 and the negative DC bus 19 in the DC bus.
  • Step S203 Controlling the battery access switch 14 disposed on the positive DC bus 18 to close, and transmitting a preset second control command to the insulation monitoring module 16 to open the current path.
  • the preset second control command is an instruction capable of disconnecting the turned-on positive DC bus 18 from the negative DC bus 19.
  • the insulation monitoring module 16 can employ the insulation monitoring module shown in FIG.
  • the first control command preset in this embodiment may be an instruction to control the positive switch Relay1 and the negative switch Relay2 to be simultaneously closed.
  • the preset second control command is an instruction to control the positive switch Relay1 and the negative switch Relay2 to be simultaneously turned off.
  • the second control module in this embodiment may be configured to perform the following operations:
  • Step S301 The positive switch Relay1 of the control insulation monitoring module is closed, and the negative switch Relay2 is turned off to detect the insulation resistance of the positive DC bus in the DC bus to the ground.
  • Step S302 The negative switch Relay2 of the control insulation monitoring module is closed, and the positive switch Relay1 is turned off to detect the insulation resistance of the negative DC bus in the DC bus to the ground.
  • the insulation resistance of the positive and negative DC busbars to ground can be calculated according to the method shown in the formula (1).
  • the charging system shown in FIG. 1 in this embodiment may further include a power conversion module, the input side of the power conversion module is connected to the power interface 11 , and the output side is connected to the power access switch 13 .
  • the positive and negative terminals on the input side of the power conversion module are respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals of the power supply interface 11, and the positive and negative terminals on the output side of the power conversion module are respectively connected to the two power supply access switches 13.
  • the power conversion module can be used to convert the AC/DC charging power source connected to the power interface 11 into a DC charging power source available for the battery.
  • the power conversion module can be an AC/DC module or a DC/DC module.
  • FIG. 2 exemplarily shows the structure of another charging system in this embodiment.
  • the charging system in this embodiment may include a power conversion module, a power access switch K1, a power access switch K2, a precharge switch K3, a precharge resistor R5, a battery access switch K4, and a battery access switch. K5 and insulation monitoring module.
  • the input side of the power conversion module is connected to the power interface (shown in FIG. 1 ), and the positive and negative terminals on the output side of the power conversion module are respectively connected to the power access switch K1 and the power access switch K2.
  • One end of the battery access switch K4 is connected to the power access switch K1, and the other end is connected to the positive terminal of the battery interface (shown in FIG. 1).
  • One end of the battery access switch K5 is connected to the battery access switch K2, and the other end is connected to the negative terminal of the battery interface (shown in FIG. 1), wherein the battery interface is connected to the battery pack.
  • the precharge switch K3 is connected in series with the precharge resistor R5 and is connected in parallel across the battery access switch K4.
  • FIG. 4 exemplarily shows the structure of a charging system employing the insulation monitoring module of FIG. 3 in the present embodiment.
  • the positive resistance R 1 of the insulation monitoring module is connected to the positive DC bus
  • the negative resistance R 3 is connected to the negative DC bus.
  • the charging system in this embodiment also includes a controller having the same function as the controller 17 (shown in FIG. 1) in the foregoing charging system embodiment.
  • the first control module in the controller may be configured to perform the following operations:
  • Step S401 Control the power supply access switches K1, K2 when the charging is started, and the pre-charge switch K3 and the battery access switch K5 are closed.
  • Step S402 detecting whether the two power access switches K1 and K2 are closed.
  • the positive switch Relay1 and the negative switch Relay2 in the control insulation monitoring module are closed to be turned on. Negative DC bus.
  • Step S403 After the battery access switch K4 is closed, the positive switch Relay1 and the negative switch Relay2 in the control insulation monitoring module are disconnected to open the positive and negative DC bus bars.
  • Step S501 The positive switch Relay1 of the control insulation monitoring module is closed, and the negative switch Relay2 is turned off to detect the insulation resistance of the positive DC bus in the DC bus to the ground.
  • Step S502 The negative switch Relay2 of the control insulation monitoring module is closed, and the positive switch Relay1 is turned off to detect the insulation resistance of the negative DC bus in the DC bus to the ground.
  • the insulation resistance of the positive and negative DC busbars to ground can be calculated according to the method shown in the formula (1).
  • the above charging system also includes some other well-known structures, such as a processor, a memory, etc.
  • the memory includes, but is not limited to, a random access memory, a flash memory, a read only memory, a programmable read only memory, a volatile memory. , non-volatile memory, serial memory, parallel memory or registers, etc., including but not limited to CPLD/FPGA, DSP, ARM processor, MIPS processor, etc., in order to unnecessarily obscure the embodiments of the present disclosure, these Well-known structures are not shown in Figures 1, 2 and 4.
  • the present invention also provides a charging station that can include a power battery charging level, and the charging system described in the above system embodiments.
  • the power battery charging position is provided with a power supply interface, and the power interface (shown in FIG. 1) in the charging system can be connected to the power supply interface.
  • the charging station in this embodiment refers to a charging station, a power exchange station, a charging and replacing power station or an energy storage power station including the above-mentioned power battery charging position, that is, in these charging stations, power exchange stations, charging and replacing power stations, and It is within the scope of the present invention to provide the above charging system in the energy storage power station to safely and reliably charge the power battery.
  • the present invention also provides a charging method that can be used to control the charging system described in the above system embodiment to charge a battery.
  • the charging method in this embodiment may control the charging system to charge the battery according to the following steps, specifically:
  • Step S601 The power supply access switch 13, the precharge switch 15, and the battery access switch 14 disposed on the negative DC bus 19 in the charging system (shown in FIG. 1) are controlled to be closed.
  • Step S602 Detect whether the power access switch 13 is closed, and if so, send a preset first control command to the insulation monitoring module 16 in the charging system (shown in FIG. 1) to form a current path.
  • the preset first control command is an instruction capable of turning on the positive DC bus 18 and the negative DC bus 19 in the DC bus.
  • Step S603 Control the battery access switch 14 disposed on the positive DC bus in the charging system (shown in FIG. 1) to be closed, and send a preset second control command to the insulation monitoring module to open the current path.
  • the preset second control command is an instruction capable of disconnecting the turned-on positive DC bus 18 from the negative DC bus 19.
  • the method in this embodiment can also control the insulation monitoring module (shown in FIG. 4) to monitor the insulation resistance of the DC bus to the ground during the charging process, specifically:
  • Step S701 The positive switch Relay1 in the control insulation monitoring module is closed, and the negative switch Relay2 is turned off to detect the insulation resistance of the positive DC bus in the DC bus to the ground.
  • Step S702 The negative switch Relay2 in the control insulation monitoring module is closed, and the positive switch Relay1 is turned off to detect the insulation resistance of the negative DC bus in the DC bus to the ground.
  • the present invention further provides a storage device, which can store a plurality of programs, which can be loaded and executed by a processor to implement the charging method described in the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the present invention also provides a processing device including a processor and a storage device.
  • the processor may be adapted to execute various programs
  • the storage device may be adapted to store a plurality of programs, which may be loaded and executed by the processor to implement the charging method described in the above method embodiments.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

一种充电站及充电系统、方法、装置，解决如何在不增加旁路电阻的情况下控制动力电池内的高压继电器闭合形成充电回路的技术问题。该充电系统可以通过控制器（17）在启动充电时控制绝缘监测模块（16）、电源接入开关（13）、预充电开关（15）、电池和一个电池接入开关（14）形成电流通路，以在检测到电流通路中的电流后闭合另一个电池接入开关（14），即控制上述充电回路中的常规器件形成电流通路，无需设置旁路电阻，降低了充电系统的制造成本，并避免了旁路电阻带来的安全隐患。同时，其充电站包含上述充电系统，充电方法可以控制上述充电系统向电池充电，上述装置可以执行并实现上述方法。

Description

充电站及充电系统、方法、装置 技术领域
本发明涉及电动汽车充换电技术领域，具体涉及一种充电站及充电系统、方法、装置。
背景技术
目前，在控制动力电池向负载供电时，首先要通过电池管理系统判断是否连通负载，当确认连通负载后再控制动力电池内的高压继电器闭合，形成供电回路。基于上述方法能够确保动力电池向外供电时已连通负载，使得在电动汽车熄火或停止的情况下，动力电池与电动汽车内的用电设备断开。同时，还可以在动力电池所属供电系统处于待机状态时，降低动力电池的待机损耗。
对基于上述供电方式的动力电池进行充电时，往往需要在动力电池两端并联旁路电阻，使得电池管理系统在检测到旁路电流后控制高压继电器闭合，形成充电回路。但是，在动力电池两端并联旁路电阻不仅会增加功率损耗和制造成本，当旁路电阻发生击穿时还会带来一定的安全隐患。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的上述问题，即为了解决如何在不增加旁路电阻的情况下控制动力电池内的高压继电器闭合形成充电回路的技术问题，本发明提供了一种充电站及充电系统、方法、装置。
在第一方面，本发明中的充电系统包括电源接口、电池接口、电源接入开关、电池接入开关、预充电开关、绝缘监测模块和控制器；
所述电源接入开关分别与所述电源接口的正负极连接，所述电池接入开关分别与所述电池接口的正负极连接，所述预充电开关与一个所述电池接入开关并联，所述绝缘监测模块设置在所述电源接口与电源接入开关之间的直流母线上；
所述控制器，配置为在启动充电时控制所述绝缘监测模块、电源接入开关、预充电开关、电池和所述的一个电池接入开关形成电流 通路，以在检测到所述电流通路中的电流后闭合另一个所述电池接入开关；以及，所述控制器还配置为在充电过程中控制所述绝缘监测模块监测所述直流母线对地的绝缘电阻。
进一步地，本发明提供的一个优选技术方案为：
所述控制器包括第一控制模块；所述第一控制模块配置为执行下述操作：
在启动充电时控制所述电源接入开关、预充电开关和所述的一个电池接入开关闭合；
当所述电源接入开关闭合后，向所述绝缘监测模块发送预设的第一控制指令以形成所述电流通路；其中，所述预设的第一控制指令为能够将所述直流母线中的正极直流母线与负极直流母线导通的指令；
控制所述的另一个电池接入开关闭合，并向所述绝缘监测模块发送预设的第二控制指令以断开所述电流通路；其中，所述预设的第二控制指令为能够将所述导通后的正极直流母线与负极直流母线断开的指令。
进一步地，本发明提供的一个优选技术方案为：
所述绝缘监测模块包括正极开关、负极开关、正极电阻和负极电阻；
所述正极开关的一端接地，另一端通过所述正极电阻接入所述直流母线中的正极直流母线；
所述负极开关的一端接地，另一端通过所述负极电阻接入所述直流母线中的负极直流母线。
进一步地，本发明提供的一个优选技术方案为：
所述控制器还包括第二控制模块；所述第二控制模块配置为执行下述操作：
控制所述正极开关闭合，所述负极开关断开，以检测所述直流母线中的正极直流母线对地的绝缘电阻；
控制所述负极开关闭合，所述正极开关断开，以检测所述直流母线中的负极直流母线对地的绝缘电阻。
进一步地，本发明提供的一个优选技术方案为：
所述预设的第一控制指令为控制所述正极开关和负极开关同时闭合；
所述预设的第二控制指令为控制所述正极开关和负极开关同时断开。
进一步地，本发明提供的一个优选技术方案为：
所述电源接入开关为继电器或可控型半导体开关；
所述电池接入开关为继电器或可控型半导体开关；
所述预充电开关为继电器或可控型半导体开关。
进一步地，本发明提供的一个优选技术方案为：
所述正极开关为继电器或可控型半导体开关；
所述负极开关为继电器或可控型半导体开关。
进一步地，本发明提供的一个优选技术方案为：
所述系统还包括电源转换模块，其输入侧与所述电源接口连接，输出侧与所述电源接入开关连接；
所述电源转换模块，用于将所述电源接口所连接的交/直流充电电源转换为电池可用的直流充电电源。
进一步地，本发明提供的一个优选技术方案为：
所述电源转换模块为AC/DC模块或DC/DC模块。
在第二方面，本发明中的充电站，包括动力电池充电位和上述技术方案所述的充电系统；
所述动力电池充电位设置有供电电源接口；
所述充电系统中的电源接口与供电电源接口连接。
第三方面，本发明中的充电方法，用于充电系统，所述充电系统为上述技术方案所述的充电系统，所述方法用于控制该充电系统向电池充电，具体为：
控制所述充电系统中的电源接入开关、预充电开关和所述的一个电池接入开关闭合；
检测所述电源接入开关是否闭合，若是则向所述充电系统中的绝缘监测模块发送预设的第一控制指令以形成所述电流通路；其中，所述预设的第一控制指令为能够将所述直流母线中的正极直流母线与负极直流母线导通的指令；
控制所述充电系统中的另一个电池接入开关闭合，并向所述绝缘监测模块发送预设的第二控制指令以断开所述电流通路；其中，所 述预设的第二控制指令为能够将所述导通后的正极直流母线与负极直流母线断开的指令。
进一步地，本发明提供的一个优选技术方案为：
所述方法还用于在充电过程中控制所述绝缘监测模块监测直流母线对地的绝缘电阻，具体为：
控制所述绝缘监测模块中的正极开关闭合，负极开关断开，以检测所述直流母线中的正极直流母线对地的绝缘电阻；
控制所述绝缘监测模块中的负极开关闭合，正极开关断开，以检测所述直流母线中的负极直流母线对地的绝缘电阻。
第四方面，本发明中的存储装置，其中存储有多条程序，所述程序适于由处理器加载并执行以实现上述技术方案所述的充电方法。
第五方面，本发明中的处理装置包括处理器和存储设备。其中，处理器适于执行各条程序；存储设备适于存储多条程序。所述程序适于由处理器加载并执行以实现上述技术方案所述的充电方法。
与最接近的现有技术相比，上述技术方案至少具有以下有益效果：
本发明中的充电系统可以通过控制器在启动充电时控制绝缘监测模块、电源接入开关、预充电开关、电池和一个电池接入开关形成电流通路，以在检测到电流通路中的电流后闭合另一个电池接入开关，即控制上述充电回路中的常规器件形成电流通路，无需设置旁路电阻，不仅降低了充电系统的制造成本，还避免了旁路电阻带来的安全隐患和功率损耗，提高了充电系统的电气安全性。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例中一种充电系统的结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例中另一种充电系统的结构示意图；
图3是绝缘监测模块的结构示意图；
图4是基于图3所示绝缘监测模块的充电系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应当理解的是，这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本发明的技术原理，并非旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
目前，为了降低动力电池旁路电阻带来的功率损耗和安全隐患，可以增设一个信号继电器，以在电池继电器闭合后通过断开信号继电器的方式，断开动力电池与旁路电阻的连接。这种方式虽然降低了旁路电阻带来的安全隐患，但是也使得动力电池充电策略更加复杂，同时设置信号继电器也会增加制造成本。基于此，本发明提供了一种充电系统，该充电系统可以在不增加任何元器件的情况下，安全并可靠地控制电池继电器闭合。
下面结合附图，对本实施例中的充电系统进行说明。
参阅附图1，图1示例性示出了本实施例中一种充电系统的结构。如图1所示，本实施例中充电系统可以包括一个电源接口11、一个电池接口12、两个电源接入开关13、两个电池接入开关14、一个预充电开关15、绝缘监测模块16和控制器17。
具体地，本实施例中的两个电源接入开关14分别与电源接口11的正、负极连接，两个电池接入开关14分别与电池接口12的正、负极连接，预充电开关15与一个电池接入开关14并联(如图1所示，预充电开关15与设置在正极直流母线18上的电池接入开关14并联)，绝缘监测模块16设置在电源接口11与电源接入开关13之间的直流母线上(如图1所示，绝缘监测模块16的两端分别与正极直流母线18和负极直流母线19连接)。在本实施例的一个优选实施方案中，电源接入开关13可以为继电器或可控型半导体开关，电池接入开关14也可以为继电器或可控型半导体开关，预充电开关15也可以为继电器或可控型半导体开关。
本实施例中控制器17可以配置为在启动充电时控制绝缘监测模块16、电源接入开关13、预充电开关15、电池和上述的一个电池接入开关14(如图1所示，该电池接入开关为设置在负极直流母线19上的电池接入开关)形成电流通路，以在检测到电流通路中的电流后闭合另一个电池接入开关14(如图1所示，该电池接入开关为设置在正极直流母线18上的电池接入开关)。本实施例中无需在电池两端设置旁路电阻， 通过控制绝缘监测模块16与电池形成电流通路，在检测到电流通路中的电流后即可自动控制电池接入开关全部闭合，完成电池充电的启动过程。
同时，本实施例中控制器17还可以配置为在启动充电完成进入到充电过程中后，控制绝缘监测模块16监测直流母线对地的绝缘电阻。本实施例中绝缘监测模块16可以采用常规的直流绝缘监测模块。
参阅附图3，图3示例性示出了本实施例中一种绝缘监测模块的结构。如图3所示，本实施例中绝缘监测模块可以包括正极开关Relay1、负极开关Relay2、正极电阻R 1和R 2，负极电阻R 3和R 4。其中，正极开关Relay1的一端接地，另一端依次通过正极电阻R 2和R 1接入直流电源V pv的正极。负极开关Relay2的一端接地，另一端依次通过负极电阻R 4和R 3接入直流电源V pv的负极。进一步地，将图3所示的绝缘监测模块设置在图1所示的电源接口11与电源接入开关13之间的直流母线上时，正极开关Relay1的一端接地，另一端依次通过正极电阻R 2和R 1接入正极直流母线18。负极开关Relay2的一端接地，另一端依次通过负极电阻R 4和R 3接入负极直流母线19。在本实施例的一个优选实施方案中，正极开关Relay1可以为继电器或可控型半导体开关，负极开关Relay2也可以为继电器或可控型半导体开关。
本实施例中绝缘监测模块可以按照下述步骤监测直流电源V pv中正、负极对地的绝缘电阻R x和R y，具体为：
步骤S101：首先控制正极开关Relay1闭合，负极开关Relay2维持断开状态，然后采集正极电阻R 1和R 2两端的电压V AG1。
步骤S102：首先控制负极开关Relay2闭合，正极开关Relay1维持断开状态，然后采集负极电阻R 3和R 4两端的电压V AG2。
步骤S103：依据步骤S101和S102采集到的电压V AG1和V AG2，并按照下式(1)计算绝缘电阻R x和R y：
Figure PCTCN2018115031-appb-000001
进一步地，本实施例中图1所示的充电系统中控制器17可以包括第一控制模块和第二控制模块。
具体地，本实施例中第一控制模块可以配置为执行下述操作：
步骤S201：在启动充电时控制图1所示的两个电源接入开关13、预充电开关15和设置在负极直流母线19上的电池接入开关14闭合。
步骤S202：检测两个电源接入开关13是否闭合，当两个电源接入开关13均闭合后，向绝缘监测模块16发送预设的第一控制指令以形成上述电流通路。其中，预设的第一控制指令为能够将直流母线中的正极直流母线18与负极直流母线19导通的指令。
步骤S203：控制设置在正极直流母线18上的电池接入开关14闭合，并向绝缘监测模块16发送预设的第二控制指令以断开电流通路。其中，预设的第二控制指令为能够将导通后的正极直流母线18与负极直流母线19断开的指令。
在本实施例的一个优选实施方案中，绝缘监测模块16可以采用图3所示的绝缘监测模块。此时，本实施例中预设的第一控制指令可以为控制正极开关Relay1和负极开关Relay2同时闭合的指令。预设的第二控制指令为控制正极开关Relay1和负极开关Relay2同时断开的指令。同时，本实施例中第二控制模块可以配置为执行下述操作：
步骤S301：控制绝缘监测模块的正极开关Relay1闭合，负极开关Relay2断开，以检测直流母线中的正极直流母线对地的绝缘电阻。
步骤S302：控制绝缘监测模块的负极开关Relay2闭合，正极开关Relay1断开，以检测直流母线中的负极直流母线对地的绝缘电阻。
本实施例中可以按照公式(1)所示的方法计算正、负极直流母线对地的绝缘电阻。
进一步地，本实施例中图1所示的充电系统还可以包括电源转换模块，该电源转换模块的输入侧与电源接口11连接，输出侧与电源接入开关13连接。具体地，电源转换模块输入侧的正、负极分别与电源接口11的正、负极连接，电源转换模块输出侧的正、负极分别与两个电源接入开关13连接。其中，电源转换模块可以用于将电源接口11所 连接的交/直流充电电源转换为电池可用的直流充电电源。在本实施例的一个优选实施方案中，电源转换模块可以为AC/DC模块或DC/DC模块。
参阅附图2，图2示例性示出了本实施例中另一种充电系统的结构。如图2所示，本实施例中充电系统可以包括电源转换模块、电源接入开关K1、电源接入开关K2、预充电开关K3、预充电电阻R5、电池接入开关K4、电池接入开关K5和绝缘监测模块。
具体地，电源转换模块的输入侧与电源接口(如图1所示)连接，电源转换模块输出侧的正、负极分别与电源接入开关K1和电源接入开关K2连接。电池接入开关K4的一端与电源接入开关K1连接，另一端与电池接口(如图1所示)的正极连接。电池接入开关K5的一端与电池接入开关K2连接，另一端与电池接口(如图1所示)的负极连接，其中电池接口与电池包连接。预充电开关K3与预充电电阻R5串联后并联在电池接入开关K4两端。
继续参阅附图4，图4示例性示出本实施例中采用图3所示绝缘监测模块的充电系统结构。如图4所示，本实施例中绝缘监测模块的正极电阻R 1与正极直流母线连接，负极电阻R 3与负极直流母线连接。
本实施例中充电系统也包括控制器，该控制器与前述充电系统实施例中控制器17(如图1所示)功能相同。具体地，该控制器中的第一控制模块可以配置为执行下述操作：
步骤S401：在启动充电时控制电源接入开关K1、K2，以及预充电开关K3和电池接入开关K5闭合。
步骤S402：检测两个电源接入开关K1、K2是否闭合，当两个电源接入开关K1、K2均闭合后，控制绝缘监测模块中的正极开关Relay1和负极开关Relay2闭合，以导通正、负极直流母线。
步骤S403：控制电池接入开关K4闭合后，控制绝缘监测模块中的正极开关Relay1和负极开关Relay2断开，以断开正、负极直流母线。
本实施例中上述控制器的第二控制模块可以配置为执行下述操作：
步骤S501：控制绝缘监测模块的正极开关Relay1闭合，负极开关Relay2断开，以检测直流母线中的正极直流母线对地的绝缘电阻。
步骤S502：控制绝缘监测模块的负极开关Relay2闭合，正极开关Relay1断开，以检测直流母线中的负极直流母线对地的绝缘电阻。
本实施例中可以按照公式(1)所示的方法计算正、负极直流母线对地的绝缘电阻。
本领域技术人员可以理解，上述充电系统还包括一些其他公知结构，例如处理器、存储器等，其中，存储器包括但不限于随机存储器、闪存、只读存储器、可编程只读存储器、易失性存储器、非易失性存储器、串行存储器、并行存储器或寄存器等，处理器包括但不限于CPLD/FPGA、DSP、ARM处理器、MIPS处理器等，为了不必要地模糊本公开的实施例，这些公知的结构未在图1、2和4中示出。
应该理解，图1、2和4中的各个器件的数量仅仅是示意性的。根据实际需要，各器件可以具有任意的数量。
基于上述充电系统实施例，本发明还提供了一种充电站，该充电站可以包括动力电池充电位，以及上述系统实施例所述的充电系统。其中，动力电池充电位上设置有供电电源接口，充电系统中的电源接口(如图1所示)可以与该供电电源接口连接。
需要说明的是，本实施例中的充电站指的是包含有上述动力电池充电位的充电站、换电站、充换电站或储能电站，即在这些充电站、换电站、充换电站和储能电站中设置上述充电系统，以对动力电池进行安全可靠充电的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。
基于上述充电系统实施例，本发明还提供了一种充电方法，该充电方法可以用于控制上述系统实施例所述的充电系统向电池充电。具体地，本实施例中充电方法可以按照下述步骤控制充电系统向电池充电，具体为：
步骤S601：控制充电系统(如图1所示)中的电源接入开关13、预充电开关15和设置在负极直流母线19上的电池接入开关14闭合。
步骤S602：检测电源接入开关13是否闭合，若是则向充电系统(如图1所示)中的绝缘监测模块16发送预设的第一控制指令以形成电流通路。其中，预设的第一控制指令为能够将直流母线中的正极直流母线18与负极直流母线19导通的指令。
步骤S603：控制充电系统(如图1所示)中设置在正极直流母线上的电池接入开关14闭合，并向绝缘监测模块发送预设的第二控制指令以断开电流通路。其中，预设的第二控制指令为能够将导通后的正极直流母线18与负极直流母线19断开的指令。
进一步地，本实施例中所述方法还可以在充电过程中控制绝缘监测模块(如图4所示)监测直流母线对地的绝缘电阻，具体为：
步骤S701：控制绝缘监测模块中的正极开关Relay1闭合，负极开关Relay2断开，以检测直流母线中的正极直流母线对地的绝缘电阻。
步骤S702：控制绝缘监测模块中的负极开关Relay2闭合，正极开关Relay1断开，以检测直流母线中的负极直流母线对地的绝缘电阻。
上述实施例中虽然将各个步骤按照上述先后次序的方式进行了描述，但是本领域技术人员可以理解，为了实现本实施例的效果，不同的步骤之间不必按照这样的次序执行，其可以同时(并行)执行或以颠倒的次序执行，这些简单的变化都在本发明的保护范围之内。
基于上述充电方法实施例，本发明还提供了一种存储装置，该存储装置可以存储有多条程序，这些程序可以由处理器加载并执行以实现上述方法实施例所述的充电方法。
进一步地，基于上述充电方法实施例，本发明还提供了一种处理装置，该处理装置包括处理器和存储设备。其中，处理器可以适于执行各条程序，存储设备可以适于存储多条程序，这些程序可以由处理器加载并执行以实现上述方法实施例所述的充电方法。
应该注意的是上述实施例对本发明进行说明而不是对本发明进行限制，并且本领域技术人员在不脱离所附权利要求的范围的情况下可设计出替换实施例。在权利要求中，不应将位于括号之间的任何参考符号构造成对权利要求的限制。单词“包含”不排除存在未列在权利要求中的元件或步骤。位于元件之前的单词“一”或“一个”不排除存在多个这样的元件。本发明可以借助于包括有若干不同元件的硬件以及借助于适当编程的PC来实现。
此外，本领域的技术人员能够理解，尽管在此所述的一些实施例包括其它实施例中所包括的某些特征而不是其它特征，但是不同实 施例的特征的组合意味着处于本发明的范围之内并且形成不同的实施例。例如，在本发明的权利要求书中，所要求保护的实施例的任意之一都可以以任意的组合方式来使用。
至此，已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征作出等同的更改或替换，这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种充电系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括电源接口、电池接口、电源接入开关、电池接入开关、预充电开关、绝缘监测模块和控制器；
    所述电源接入开关分别与所述电源接口的正负极连接，所述电池接入开关分别与所述电池接口的正负极连接，所述预充电开关与一个所述电池接入开关并联，所述绝缘监测模块设置在所述电源接口与电源接入开关之间的直流母线上；
    所述控制器，配置为在启动充电时控制所述绝缘监测模块、电源接入开关、预充电开关、电池和所述的一个电池接入开关形成电流通路，以在检测到所述电流通路中的电流后闭合另一个所述电池接入开关；以及，所述控制器还配置为在充电过程中控制所述绝缘监测模块监测所述直流母线对地的绝缘电阻。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的充电系统，其特征在于，所述控制器包括第一控制模块；所述第一控制模块配置为执行下述操作：
    在启动充电时控制所述电源接入开关、预充电开关和所述的一个电池接入开关闭合；
    当所述电源接入开关闭合后，向所述绝缘监测模块发送预设的第一控制指令以形成所述电流通路；其中，所述预设的第一控制指令为能够将所述直流母线中的正极直流母线与负极直流母线导通的指令；
    控制所述的另一个电池接入开关闭合，并向所述绝缘监测模块发送预设的第二控制指令以断开所述电流通路；其中，所述预设的第二控制指令为能够将所述导通后的正极直流母线与负极直流母线断开的指令。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的充电系统，其特征在于，所述绝缘监测模块包括正极开关、负极开关、正极电阻和负极电阻；
    所述正极开关的一端接地，另一端通过所述正极电阻接入所述直流母线中的正极直流母线；
    所述负极开关的一端接地，另一端通过所述负极电阻接入所述直流母线中的负极直流母线。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的充电系统，其特征在于，所述控制器还包括第二控制模块；所述第二控制模块配置为执行下述操作：
    控制所述正极开关闭合，所述负极开关断开，以检测所述直流母线中的正极直流母线对地的绝缘电阻；
    控制所述负极开关闭合，所述正极开关断开，以检测所述直流母线中的负极直流母线对地的绝缘电阻。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的充电系统，其特征在于，
    所述预设的第一控制指令为控制所述正极开关和负极开关同时闭合；
    所述预设的第二控制指令为控制所述正极开关和负极开关同时断开。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的充电系统，其特征在于，
    所述电源接入开关为继电器或可控型半导体开关；
    所述电池接入开关为继电器或可控型半导体开关；
    所述预充电开关为继电器或可控型半导体开关。
  7. 根据权利要求3、4或5所述的充电系统，其特征在于，
    所述正极开关为继电器或可控型半导体开关；
    所述负极开关为继电器或可控型半导体开关。
  8. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的充电系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括电源转换模块，其输入侧与所述电源接口连接，输出侧与所述电源接入开关连接；
    所述电源转换模块，用于将所述电源接口所连接的交/直流充电电源转换为电池可用的直流充电电源。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的充电系统，其特征在于，
    所述电源转换模块为AC/DC模块或DC/DC模块。
  10. 一种充电站，包括动力电池充电位，其特征在于，所述充电站还包括权利要求1-9任一项所述的充电系统；
    所述动力电池充电位设置有供电电源接口；
    所述充电系统中的电源接口与供电电源接口连接。
  11. 一种充电方法，用于充电系统，其特征在于，所述充电系统为权利要求1-9任一项所述的充电系统，所述方法用于控制该充电系统向电池充电，具体为：
    控制所述充电系统中的电源接入开关、预充电开关和所述的一个电池接入开关闭合；
    检测所述电源接入开关是否闭合，若是则向所述充电系统中的绝缘监测模块发送预设的第一控制指令以形成所述电流通路；其中，所述预设的第一控制指令为能够将所述直流母线中的正极直流母线与负极直流母线导通的指令；
    控制所述充电系统中的另一个电池接入开关闭合，并向所述绝缘监测模块发送预设的第二控制指令以断开所述电流通路；其中，所述预设的第二控制指令为能够将所述导通后的正极直流母线与负极直流母线断开的指令。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还用于在充电过程中控制所述绝缘监测模块监测直流母线对地的绝缘电阻，具体为：
    控制所述绝缘监测模块中的正极开关闭合，负极开关断开，以检测所述直流母线中的正极直流母线对地的绝缘电阻；
    控制所述绝缘监测模块中的负极开关闭合，正极开关断开，以检测所述直流母线中的负极直流母线对地的绝缘电阻。
  13. 一种存储装置，其中存储有多条程序，其特征在于，所述程序适于由处理器加载并执行以实现权利要求11或12所述的充电方法。
  14. 一种处理装置，包括
    处理器，适于执行各条程序；以及
    存储设备，适于存储多条程序；
    其特征在于，所述程序适于由处理器加载并执行以实现：
    权利要求11或12所述的充电方法。
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