Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L5/00—Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00
  • C08L5/16—Cyclodextrin; Derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J139/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09J139/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of monomers containing heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as ring member
  • C09J139/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of N-vinyl-pyrrolidones
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N27/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing hydrocarbons
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
  • A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/18—Vapour or smoke emitting compositions with delayed or sustained release
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients stabilising the active ingredients
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
  • A23B7/00—Preservation of fruit or vegetables; Chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
  • A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by group A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
  • A23B7/144—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by group A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
  • A23B7/152—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by group A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere comprising other gases in addition to CO2, N2, O2 or H2O ; Elimination of such other gases
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/01—Hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/15—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/0846—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing atoms other than carbon or hydrogen
  • C08L23/0853—Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L39/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L39/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of monomers containing heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as ring member
  • C08L39/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of N-vinyl-pyrrolidones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D139/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D139/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of monomers containing heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as ring member
  • C09D139/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of N-vinyl-pyrrolidones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J105/00—Adhesives based on polysaccharides or on their derivatives, not provided for in groups C09J101/00 or C09J103/00
  • C09J105/16—Cyclodextrin; Derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
  • C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
  • C09J11/06—Non-macromolecular additives organic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
  • C09J7/201—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers characterised by the release coating composition on the carrier layer
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
  • C09J7/21—Paper; Textile fabrics
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
  • C09J7/29—Laminated material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J7/40—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by release liners
  • C09J7/401—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by release liners characterised by the release coating composition
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J9/00—Adhesives characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced, e.g. glue sticks
  • C09J9/005—Glue sticks
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J2203/00—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J2203/334—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils as a label
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J2400/00—Presence of inorganic and organic materials
  • C09J2400/20—Presence of organic materials
  • C09J2400/28—Presence of paper
  • C09J2400/283—Presence of paper in the substrate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J2405/00—Presence of polysaccharides
  • C09J2405/005—Presence of polysaccharides in the release coating

Definitions

• compositions comprising complexes of 1- methylcyclopropene and a-cyclodextrin, and articles (such as labels, sticks, and packaging) that include these complexes for use in delaying the maturation of, e.g., fruits, vegetables, and plants.
• Ethylene affects a wide range of physiological processes in plants, including fruits, vegetables, and flowers, such as drooping, aging and maturation, chlorophyll loss, softening, physiological disorders, germination, isocoumarin synthesis, lignification, discoloration (browning), decomposition, and stimulation of defense systems.
• drooping aging and maturation
• chlorophyll loss softening
• physiological disorders germination
• isocoumarin synthesis lignification
• discoloration browning
• decomposition decomposition
• stimulation of defense systems When storing plant products, it is essential to control the influence of ethylene to prolong the durability of these products, delay their maturation, browning or aging.
• 1 -methylcyclopropene is a gas that has been used for this purpose.
• l-MCP which may be provided in the form of a complex with a- cyclodextrin, is released upon exposure to water, e.g., in the form of humidity.
• a composition that includes: (a) a complex of 1 -methylcyclopropene and a-cyclodextrin and (b) a polymer binder selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrollidone and copolymers thereof, polyvinyl alcohol and copolymers thereof, polyvinyl acetate copolymers, and combinations thereof.
• the ratio of polymer binder to complex on a weight to weight basis ranges from about 0.5:1 to about 3:1.
• the ratio of polymer binder to complex on a weight to weight basis ranges from about 0.5 : 1 to about 4:1.
• the composition is capable of releasing the l-methylcyclopropene in the form of a gas when exposed to moisture and has a release profile characterized in that when exposed at room temperature in a sealed vessel to conditions of 85% relative humidity, the composition releases substantially no l-methylcyclopropene after a time period of at least 1 hour after exposure and thereafter continuously releases l-methylcyclopropene for at least 5 hours after exposure.
• the ratio of polymer binder to complex on a weight to weight basis is about 1 :1.
• the polymer binder has a molecular weight ranging from about 5,000 to about 15,000 (e.g., about 10,000).
• the l-methylcyclopropene is present in the composition in an amount of from about 0.825 wt% to about 2.2 wt%.
• the 1- methylcyclopropene is present in the composition in an amount of from about 0.66 wt% to about 2.2 wt%.
• the composition includes a hygroscopic agent, e.g., a hygroscopic agent selected from the group consisting of glycerol, glucose, and combinations thereof.
• the composition includes a humidity- indicating dye. Examples of suitable humidity-indicating dyes include quinolone yellow, curcumin (alone or in combination with sodium hydrogen carbonate,
• TBAOH tetrabutylammonium hydroxide
• patent blue hydrochromic ink, thymol blue (alone or in combination with TBAOH), bromothymol blue (alone or in combination with TBAOH or bromochlorophenol blue), indigo carmine (alone or in combination with TBAOH), bromochlorophenol blue (alone or in combination with TBAOH or acetic acid), and Reichardt’s dye (alone or in combination with TBAOH).
• the composition has a release profile characterized in that when exposed at room temperature in a sealed vessel to conditions of 85% relative humidity, the composition releases substantially no l-methylcyclopropene after 2 hours or after 3 hours. In some embodiments, the composition has a release profile
• the composition when exposed at room temperature in a sealed vessel to conditions of 85% relative humidity, the composition releases substantially no 1- methylcyclopropene after a time period of at least 1 hour or at least 3 hours after exposure and thereafter continuously releases 1 -methylcyclopropene for at least 24 hours after exposure.
• the compositions do not release 1 -methylcyclopropene when the relative humidity at room temperature is less than 60%.
• the composition may be in the form of a stick that can be manually applied to a surface of a substrate.
• the composition may be included in an adhesive label where the label includes a substrate having a first surface and a second surface in which the composition is provided on the first surface and an adhesive provided on the second surface.
• suitable substrates include paper, cardboard, and synthetic substrates.
• the composition may be prepared from a precursor composition that includes the complex, polymer binder, and a solvent, e.g., propanol, especially 2-propanol.
• a solvent e.g., propanol, especially 2-propanol.
• the polymer, solvent, and 1- methylcyclopropene complex with a-cyclodextrin are combined in a ratio of 1 : 2: 1, 2: 2: 1, 1 : 2: 1.
• the precursor composition contains 20-45% polymer, 40-55% solvent and 15-40% complex of 1 -methylcyclopropene with alpha-cyclodextrin.
• the precursor composition comprises glycerol, e.g, 5-20% glycerol.
• the precursor composition may also include plasticizers and/or compounds that increase the humidity of the active layer.
• the labels are prepared by a) preparing a paste from the composition ingredients as defined above, b) applying a screen layer of paste to the substrate (e.g., adhesive paper layer) with a screen printing technique, and c) drying the resulting layer structure to remove solvent.
• the thickness of the 1- MCP-containing layer in the label can vary depending on the screen print mesh used. As the mesh size number increases, less composition containing l-MCP is applied. Thus, thickness of the l-MCP-containing layer in the label can decrease with increasing mesh size number.
• a wide range of mesh sizes can be used to produce varying thicknesses of the l-MCP-containing layer in the label.
• screen print mesh sizes 32T, 43T, 47T, 48T, 64T, and 68T are used.
• the labels may be used in a method for prolonging plant life and delaying the ripening process of fruit and vegetables comprising placing a label as defined above inside a package for storing plant products and exposing it on humidity conditions produced in the package by plant products.
• the label due to its composition and construction, releases l-MCP gas under the influence of moisture generated in the natural process of fruit and vegetable breathing. Under normal conditions of humidity, e.g., up to 60% or 75% relative humidity, the label is stable. Above this level, there is a gradual release of l-MCP gas from the surface of the label after a period of time.
• the polymer binder e.g., the PVP polymer
• the layered design of the label sticker can be modified over an extensive range.
• the label can be covered with additional functional layers (barrier polymers, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, hygroscopic additives, etc.).
• the size of the label can also vary based on the size of the package and the weight of fruit/vegetables in this package, and the necessary concentration of l-MCP to be achieved.
• the label includes an indicator to communicate to the end user that l-MCP has been released and has reached an effective concentration.
• an indicator to communicate to the end user that l-MCP has been released and has reached an effective concentration can be achieved by adding a moisture indicator function to the label in the form of an appearing figure or a colored bar.
• the attainment of at least 85% humidity, which is indicated on the label, is synonymous with the release of l-MCP.
• compositions have a viscosity, density, and cohesion that enable them to be applied to substrate surfaces, e.g., by screen printing to obtain an active layer of appropriate and reproducible thickness. They prolong the durability of fruits, vegetables, ornamental plants, etc., because they release gaseous l-methylcyclopropene after reaching the appropriate level of ambient relative humidity at a given temperature (such as 85% at room temperature) or absolute humidity denoting the water content in g/m 3 .
• the composition may be provided in the form of a stick for application to a surface (e.g., by spreading manually).
• the 1- methylcyclopropene/a-cyclodextrin complex is combined with a multicomponent mixture comprising polymers, waxes, paraffin, mono- and polyhydric alcohols, dyes, and/or excipients that are molded into a stick.
• the stick forms a soft substance in the shape of an a rod that, in turn, is embedded in a case that allows pulling out, for self-application outside or inside packages for storing fruit, vegetables or flowers (Fig. 34).
• the stick includes a molded mass contains 5-50 wt.% 1- methylcyclopropene/a-cyclodextrin complex, 2-45 wt.% polymer binder (e.g., polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)), and a casing in which the column is embedded.
• the mass may further include polymers, waxes, paraffin, mono-and polyhydric alcohols, dyes (e.g., cochineal red), and auxiliary components. Specific examples include coconut oil, SE-PF emulsifier, beeswax, stearic acid, candelilla wax, glycerol, and isopropyl alcohol.
• the mass includes components selected from 0.5 wt.% dyes, 49.5 wt.% isopropyl alcohol, 53 wt.% coconut oil, 20 wt.% SE-PF emulsifier, 7.5-24 wt.% beeswax, 10 wt.% stearic acid, 7.5-24 wt.% candelilla wax, and/or 15-30 wt.% glycerin.
• the components of the mass constitute 45 wt.%
• PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
• 5 wt.% 1- methylcyclopropene/a-cyclodextrin complex 0.5 wt.% cochineal red
• 49.5 wt.% isopropyl alcohol 5 wt.% 1- methylcyclopropene/a-cyclodextrin complex
• 0.5 wt.% cochineal red 0.5 wt.% cochineal red
• 49.5 wt.% isopropyl alcohol isopropyl alcohol.
• the components of the mass constitute 53 wt.% coconut oil, 20 wt.% SE-PF emulsifier, 10 wt.% stearic acid, 9.5 wt.% beeswax, 0.5 wt.% cochineal red, 2 wt.% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and 5 wt.% l-methylcyclopropene/a- cyclodextrin complex.
• PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
• the components of the mass constitute 50 wt.% 1- methylcyclopropene/a-cyclodextrin complex, 24 wt.% beeswax, 24 wt.% candelilla wax, and 2 wt.% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).
• PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
• the components of the mass constitute 30 wt.% 1- methylcyclopropene /a-cyclodextrin complex, 20 wt.% beeswax, 20 wt.% candelilla wax, and 30 wt.% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).
• PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
• the components of the mass constitute 20 wt.% beeswax, 20 wt.% candelilla wax, 30 wt.% l-methyl-cyclopropene/a-cyclodextrin complex, and 30 wt.% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).
• PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
• the components of the mass constitute 35 wt.% 1- methylcyclopropene/a-cyclodextrin complex, 30 wt.% glycerol, and 35 wt.%
• polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP
• the components of the mass constitute 7.5 wt.% beeswax, 7.5 wt.% candelilla wax, 15 wt.% glycerol, 30 wt.% l-methylcyclopropene/a-cyclodextrin complex, and 30% wt. polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).
• the stick may be used to apply the composition to packaging in the form of paper, cardboard, or foil.
• Use of the stick inhibits the process induced by ethylene, thus delaying the maturation and aging of plant products, by spreading the stick mass defined above on a material for packaging, storing a plant product from the inside of the package in which the plant product is found, and closing the packaging.
• l-MCP release occurs after at least one hour when the relative humidity within the packaging reaches about 85%.
• a composite mixture comprising a complex of l-methylcyclopropene with a-cyclodextrin and copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate characterized by a melting point of 47-l00°C, mixed in a weight ratio of 1 :3.
• ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers are ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers have a vinyl acetate content of 17% to 41%, ethylene and vinyl acetate modified maleic anhydride, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer modified with acrylic acid, and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer with acetate content from 7.5% to 40%.
• Also described is a granulate for an active layer of a PET composite film comprising the composite mixture described above.
• a PET polyester composite film comprising in the active layer a granulate as described above.
• the granulate content in the active layer is 0.1-5 wt%, e.g., 1 wt%.
• the PET film includes at least two active layers and at least one support layer, and is present in the ABA format where A is the active layer containing the l-MCP/a-cyelodextrin complex and B is the carrier layer containing polyethylene.
• the active layer may be placed between the support layers.
• the active layer is 10% to 30% of the thickness of the composite film, and the support layer is 70-90%.
• the total thickness of the film may be 0.1-2 mm.
• a process for preparing a PET composite film comprising a 1- methylcyclopropene complex with a-cyclodextrin that includes: (a) mixing the 1- methylcyclopropene/a-cyclodextrin complex with a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate; (b) extruding the mixture obtained in step (a) to form a composite; (c) cooling and mechanically granuate the composite to form granules; (d) mixing the granules obtained in step (c) with carrier polymer granules to form a granule mixture; and e) co- extruding the granule mixture obtained in step (d) at 230°C to 275°C, preferably 230 to 260°C, to form the composite film.
• the l-methylcyclopropene/a-cyclodextrin complex is mixed with a 1 :3 copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate in a weight ratio of 1 :3.
• the extrusion in step (b) is carried out at 80°C.
• the granulate obtained in step (c) is mixed with the carrier polymer granules in step (d) in a weight ratio of A: B from 1 : 9 to 1 : 2.33.
• a composite film is co-extruded in a three-layer system ABA, where layer A forms an upper layer in contact with layer B, and layer A forms a bottom layer in contact with layer B, wherein layer A is a layer obtained from the granulate obtained in step (c), and the layer B is a carrier polymer.
• the co-extrusion process is carried out with a single-screw or twin-screw extruder.
• the PET polyester composite film may be used to manufacture of fruit and vegetable storage packaging, e.g., thermo formable packaging.
• the mixture of l-methylcyclopropene/a-cyclodextrin complex with polymers that are characterized by a high melt flow index and compatibility with polyester polymers makes it possible to incorporate the granulate as an additive to the outer layer in an extrusion process of PET film in ABA format, where A is a layer comprising a l-MCP /a-cyclodextrin complex, hereinafter referred to as an active layer (Fig. 39).
• the granulate is obtained by melting and mixing the ingredients, followed by extrusion, cooling, and granulation.
• films have been prepared in which l-MCP modified polyethylene is used as the active layer and placed between polyethylene layers or as a binder of two polyethylene films, where the polyethylene films are derivatives of high melt flow and low melting/softening /molding polyethylene.
• a granulate comprising a l-MCP /a-cyclodextrin complex and an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (for example Evatane (Arkema), Elvax (Dupont), Bynel (Dupont) having a melting point in the range of 47-l00°C have been prepared.
• the granules prepared in this way are used as a 1% addition to the outer layer of PET film extruded in the ABA system at a temperature of 230-260°C and even up to 275°C.
• the co-extrusion process is carried out using an extruder.
• the addition of the granulate is in the range of 0.1-5% by weight in the outer layer, which is from 10% to 30% of the thickness of the extruded film.
• the thickness of the film is 0.1-2 mm.
• the resulting PET co-extruded films release l-MCP under the influence of moisture. Due to the natural hygroscopicity of PET, it is not necessary to include an additive that causes water absorption. It is also possible to obtain a PET film containing l-MCP in a one-stage extrusion process, rather than a multistage lamination process, which is much more technologically complicated. Furthermore, the method allows the production of films of different thickness, as well as l-MCP content only in the outer layer. The method also allows the production of packages by thermoforming from the obtained film (e.g., shell-type cloths) for storing fruit, vegetables, and flowers. Active 1- MCP is released under the influence of moisture generated in the natural breathing process of fruits and vegetables after they have been placed in a container.
• the obtained film e.g., shell-type cloths
• Fig. 1. is an exploded perspective view of a functional sticker with an active layer containing l-MCP.
• Fig. 2 is a graph showing dependence of the concentration of isolated l-MCP (mL/L) from a time (h) at a relative humidity of 85% and 100% for Example A-l .
• Fig. 3 is a graph showing dependence of the concentration of isolated l-MCP (mL/L) from a time (h) in the moisture content of apple for Example A-l .
• Fig. 4 is a graph showing dependence of the concentration of isolated l-MCP (pL/L) from a time (h) at a relative humidity of 100% at 6°C for Example A-l .
• Fig. 5 is a graph showing dependence of the released l-MCP concentration
• Fig. 6 is a graph showing dependence of the concentration of isolated l-MCP (pL/L) from a time (h) at a relative humidity of 100% at 6°C for Example A-2.
• Fig. 7 is a graph showing dependence of the concentration of isolated l-MCP (mL/L) from a time (h) at a relative humidity of 85% and 100% for Example 3.
• Fig. 8 is a graph showing dependence of the concentration of isolated l-MCP
• Fig. 9 is a graph showing dependence of the concentration of isolated l-MCP (mL/L) from a time (h) at a relative humidity of 85% and 100% for Example A-4.
• Fig. 10 is a graph showing dependence of the concentration of isolated l-MCP (pL/L) from a time (h) at a relative humidity of 100% at 6°C for Example A-4.
• Fig. 11 is a graph showing dependence of the concentration of isolated l-MCP (mL/L) from a time (h) at a relative humidity of 85% and 100% for Example A-5.
• Fig. 12A is a chromatogram from which the concentration presented in Fig. 11 was determined.
• Fig. 12B is a chromatogram from which the concentration presented in Fig. 11 was determined.
• Fig. 13A is a chromatogram from which the concentration presented in Fig. 11 was determined.
• Fig. 13B is a chromatogram from which the concentration presented in Fig. 11 was determined.
• Fig. 14 is a graph showing dependence of l-MCP isolated concentration (mL/L) from time (h) at 75% and 80% relative humidity for Example A-6.
• Fig. 15 is a graph showing dependence of the secreted concentration of l-MCP (mL/L) from a time (h) at a relative humidity of 85% and 100% for Example A-7.
• Fig. 16 is a graph showing concentration of l-MCP released over time per cm 2 of
• Fig. 17 is a graph showing concentration of l-MCP released over time per cm 2 of Sample 2 of Example A-8 at 85% relative humidity.
• Fig. 18 is a graph showing concentration of l-MCP released over time per cm 2 of Sample 3 of Example A-8 at 85% relative humidity.
• Fig. 19 is a graph showing concentration of l-MCP released over time per cm 2 of Sample 4 of Example A-8 at 85% relative humidity.
• Fig. 20 is a graph showing concentration of l-MCP released over time per cm 2 of Sample 5 of Example A- 8 at 85% relative humidity.
• Fig. 21 is a graph showing concentration of l-MCP released over time per cm 2 of Sample 6 of Example A- 8 at 85% relative humidity.
• Fig. 22 is a graph showing concentration of l-MCP released over time per cm 2 of
• Fig. 23 is a graph showing concentration of l-MCP released over time per cm 2 of Sample 8 of Example A- 8 at 85% relative humidity.
• Fig. 24 is a graph showing concentration of l-MCP released over time per cm 2 for a 5 cm 2 sample of Example A- 8 at 85% relative humidity.
• Fig. 25 is a graph showing concentration of l-MCP released over time per cm 2 for a 10 cm 2 sample of Example A- 8 at 85% relative humidity.
• Fig. 26 is a graph showing concentration of l-MCP released over time per cm 2 for a 20 cm 2 sample of Example A- 8 at 85% relative humidity.
• Fig. 27 is a graph showing concentration of l-MCP released over time per cm 2 for a 40 cm 2 sample of Example A- 8 at 85% relative humidity.
• Fig. 28 is a graph showing concentration of l-MCP released over time per cm 2 for Sample A, a 100 cm 2 sample, of Example A- 8 at 85% relative humidity.
• Fig. 29 is a graph showing concentration of l-MCP released over time per cm 2 for Sample B, a 100 cm 2 sample, of Example A- 8 at 85% relative humidity.
• Fig. 30 is a graph showing concentration of l-MCP released over time per cm 2 of Sample 1 of Example A- 9 at 85% relative humidity.
• Fig. 31 is a graph showing concentration of l-MCP released over time per cm 2 of Sample 2 of Example A- 9 at 85% relative humidity.
• Fig. 32 is a graph showing concentration of l-MCP released over time per cm 2 of
• Fig. 33 is a graph showing concentration of l-MCP released over time per cm 2 of Sample 2 of Example A- 10 at 85% relative humidity.
• Fig. 34 illustrates an example of a stick containing l-MCP included in a dispenser for applying the contents of the stick.
• Fig. 35 is a chromatogram presented for the stick described in Example B-l .
• the l-MCP retention time was 5.920 min. versus a retention time of 6.395 min. for the cis-2- butene reference standard.
• Fig. 36 is a chromatogram presented for the stick described in Example B-2.
• the l-MCP retention time was 6.067 min. versus a retention time of 6.540 min. for the cis-2- butene reference standard.
• Fig. 37 is a graph showing the concentration of l-MCP released over the time from the stick described in Example B-3.
• Fig. 38 is a graph showing the concentration of l-MCP released over time from the stick described in Example B-4.
• Fig. 39 shows the construction of a functional film in ABA format, where ABA means the system: active layer A/carrier layer B/active layer A.
• Fig. 40 shows the chromatogram of air from a film sample made by head technique space.
• Fig. 41 shows the mass spectrum of l-methylcyclopropene.
• Fig. 42 shows the mass spectrum of cis-2-butene.
• the resulting paste was applied to self-adhesive paper by screen printing (polyester mesh 64T, resolution 160 dpi). After drying at room temperature, labels were cut from the paper and tested by placing each in gas-tight containers with sampling valves under conditions of defined humidity.
• the concentration of l-MCP was determined as compared to cis-2-butene as a reference, using a gas chromatograph equipped with a PoraBOND Q column: 25m> ⁇ 0.25 mm internal diameter (i.d.) x 3pm and a flame ionization detector (FID).
• Cis-2-butene was used as a reference because it has the same response from an FID detector as 1- methylcyclopropene.
• the resulting paste was applied to the self- adhesive paper by screen printing (polyester mesh 64T, resolution 160dpi). After drying at room temperature, labels were cut from the paper and tested by placing them in gas-tight containers with sampling valves under conditions of defined humidity.
• the concentration of l-MCP was determined analogously to Example 1.
• the resulting paste was applied to the self- adhesive paper by screen printing (polyester mesh 64T, resolution 160dpi). After drying at room temperature, labels were cut from the paper and tested by placing them in gas-tight containers with sampling valves under conditions of defined humidity.
• the concentration of l-MCP was determined analogously to Example 1.
• the resulting paste was applied to the self- adhesive paper by screen printing (polyester mesh 64T, resolution 160dpi). After drying at room temperature, labels were cut from the paper and tested by placing them in gas-tight containers with sampling valves under conditions of defined humidity.
• the concentration of l-MCP was determined analogously to Example 1.
• the resulting paste was applied to the self-adhesive paper by screen printing (polyester mesh 64T, resolution 160dpi). After drying at room temperature, labels were cut from the paper and tested by placing them in gas-tight containers with sampling valves under conditions of defined humidity.
• the concentration of l-MCP was determined analogously to Example 1.
• the resulting paste was applied to the self-adhesive paper by screen printing (polyester mesh 64T, resolution 160dpi). After drying at room temperature, labels were cut from the paper and tested by placing them in gas-tight containers with sampling valves under conditions of defined humidity.
• the concentration of l-MCP was determined analogously to Example 1.
• the resulting paste was applied to the self-adhesive paper using screen printing (polyester mesh 64T, resolution 160dpi). After drying at room temperature, labels were cut from the paper and tested by placing them in gas-tight containers with sampling valves under conditions of defined humidity.
• the concentration of l-MCP was determined analogously to Example 1.
• Table 1 Total l-MCP released under 100% relative humidity To test the samples under 85% relative humidity conditions, the samples were each pasted in 900 mL vessels. To obtain a relative humidity of 85%, a container with a saturated solution of potassium chloride was placed into the vessel. At 20 °C, relative humidity for potassium chloride is 85.11 ⁇ 0.29. The vessel was then tightly closed and 250 pL of cis-2-butene was added. The samples were analyzed on a gas chromatograph to measure the concentration of released l-MCP from the sample over time. At each time interval, samples were removed from the vessels and the concentration was obtained by comparing the areas of the peaks (l-MCP and cis-2 -butene). The results are shown in Tables 2-4 and Figs. 16-23. Table 2. 1-MCP released over time per cm 2 of label (pL/L) at 85% relative humidity
• the release profiles of different label sizes were also analyzed. Labels were prepared as above, cut to size, and pasted into 2000 mL vessels. To obtain a relative humidity of 85%, a container with a saturated solution of potassium chloride was placed into the vessel. The vessel was then tightly closed and 250 pL of cis-2-butene was added. The samples were analyzed on a gas chromatograph to measure the concentration of released l-MCP from the sample over time as described above for 100% relative humidity. The measurements are shown in Tables 5-6 and illustrated in Figs. 24-29.
• the dry mixture was combined with 2-propanol in an amount sufficient to form a paste as described in Example A-8.
• the resulting paste was applied to self-adhesive paper by screen printing (polyester mesh 64T, resolution 160 dpi). After drying at room temperature, labels were cut from the paper and tested for total amount of l-MCP released and amount of l-MCP released per cm 2 of the label, under 100% relative humidity conditions or 85% relative humidity conditions.
• a 6.4 cm> ⁇ 4.6 cm label (29.44 cm 2 ) sample was placed in a 250 mL bottle and then 2 mL of distilled water was added. Next, the bottle was tightly closed and 250 pL of cis-2-butene was added. To determine the total amount of l-MCP released and the amount of l-MCP released per cm 2 of label, the sample was analyzed on a gas chromatograph as described in Example A-8. The sample released 0.02364 mg/cm2 (or 9.8 pL) l-MCP.
• a dry mixture of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (MW l0,000) (66.7 wt%), and 1- methylcyclopropene/alpha-cyclodextrin complex (33 wt%) was prepared.
• the dry mixture was combined with 2-propanol in an amount sufficient to form a paste as described in Example A-8.
• the resulting paste was applied to self-adhesive paper by screen printing (polyester mesh 64T, resolution 160 dpi). After drying at room temperature, labels were cut from the paper and tested for total amount of l-MCP released and amount of l-MCP released per cm 2 of the label, under 100% relative humidity conditions or 85% relative humidity conditions.
• a 6.4 cm> ⁇ 4.6 cm label (29.44 cm2) sample was placed in a 250 mL bottle and then 2 mL of distilled water was added. Next, the bottle was tightly closed and 250 pL of cis-2-butene was added. To determine the total amount of l-MCP released and the amount of l-MCP released per cm2 of label, the sample was analyzed on a gas chromatograph as described in Example A-8. The sample released 0.02264 mg/cm 2 (or 9.4 pL) l-MCP.
• a dry mixture of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (MW l0,000) (50 wt%), 1- methylcyclopropene/alpha-cyclodextrin complex (25 wt%), and glucose (25 wt%) was prepared.
• the dry mixture was combined with 2-propanol in an amount sufficient to form a paste as described in Example A-8.
• the resulting paste was applied to self-adhesive paper by screen printing (polyester mesh 64T, resolution 160 dpi).
• the dry mixture was combined with 2-propanol in an amount sufficient to form a paste as described in Example A-8.
• the resulting paste was applied to self-adhesive paper by screen printing (polyester mesh 64T, resolution 160 dpi).
• a dry mixture of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (MW l0,000) (50 wt%), 1- methylcyclopropene/alpha-cyclodextrin complex (12.5 wt%), and glucose (37.5 wt%) was prepared.
• the dry mixture was combined with 2-propanol in an amount sufficient to form a paste as described in Example A-8.
• the resulting paste was applied to self- adhesive paper by screen printing (polyester mesh 64T, resolution 160 dpi).
• a dry mixture of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (MW l0,000) (50 wt%), 1- methylcyclopropene/alpha-cyclodextrin complex (25 wt%), pure alpha-cyclodextrin (12.5 wt%), and glucose (12.5 wt%) was prepared.
• the dry mixture was combined with 2- propanol in an amount sufficient to form a paste as described in Example A-8.
• the resulting paste was applied to self-adhesive paper by screen printing (polyester mesh 64T, resolution 160 dpi).
• cochineal red 0.5 wt.%
• isopropyl alcohol 49.5 wt. %)
• the resulting mass was formed in the form of a stick and then evenly spread on paper with a weight of 100 g/m 2 and an area of 6.9 cm x 7.8 cm. After drying, samples were prepared for analysis and tested for l-MCP per 1 cm 2 of support. The paper with the mass applied was cut and placed in a 250 mL bottle, then 2 mL distilled water was added to the bottle and sealed with a Mininert® valve plug, followed by 250 pL cis-2 -butene with a gas-tight syringe. The samples were shaken for 30 minutes at a frequency of 600 cycles/min.
• the concentration of l-MCP was determined against the standard, which was cis- 2-butene, using a gas chromatograph equipped with a PoraBOND Q column: 25m x 0.25 mm (i.d.) x 3pm and a flame ionization detector (FID).
• Cis-2 -butene was used as a standard because it has the same response from an FID detector as 1- methylcyclopropene. From a previously prepared test in a 250 mL bottle, 250 pL gas was withdrawn with a gas-tight syringe and injected into the above-mentioned column under the following conditions: temperature of the split/splitless dispenser l20°C;
• the concentration of l-MCP on the material as mentioned above was 0.0106 mg/cm 2 .
• the concentration was determined analogously to Example B-l.
• l-Methylcyclopropene/a-cyclodextrin complex 50 wt. %, content of l-MCP 3.3%
• beeswax 24 wt. %
• candelilla wax 24 wt. %
• PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
• the concentration of l-MCP on the material as mentioned above was 0.007805 mg/cm 2 .
• the concentration was determined analogously to Example B-l.
• the concentration of l-MCP on the material as mentioned above is 0.01026 mg/cm 2 .
• the concentration was determined analogously to Example B-l.
• l-Methylcyclopropene/a-cyclodextrin complex (30 wt. %, l-MCP content 3.3%), beeswax (20 wt. %), candelilla wax (20 wt. %), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (30 wt. %) were placed in a mortar. The substances were mixed for 15 minutes to obtain a uniform consistency. The resulting mass was formed into a stick and tested for l-MCP per 1 cm 2 of 100 g/m 2 paper.
• the concentration of l-MCP on the material as mentioned above was 0.02645 mg/cm 2 .
• the concentration was determined analogously to Example B-l.
• Beeswax (20 wt. %) and candelilla wax (20 wt. %) were placed in a beaker and heated to melt at 50°C, after which l-MCP/a-cyclodextrin complex (30 wt. %, l-MCP content was 3.3 %) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (30 wt. %) were added.
• the components were mixed to a homogeneous consistency. After cooling, the resulting mass was formed into a stick and tested for l-MCP per 1 cm 2 of 100 g/m 2 paper.
• the concentration of l-MCP on the material as mentioned above is 0.02186 mg/cm 2 .
• the concentration was determined analogously to Example B-l.
• l-Methylcyclopropene/a-cyclodextrin complex 35 wt.%, l-MCP content 3.3%
• glycerol 30 wt. %
• PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
• Beeswax (7.5 wt. %), candelilla wax (7.5 wt. %), and glycerol (15 wt. %) were placed in a beaker and heated to melt at 50°C, after which l-MCP/a-cyelodextrin complex (30 wt%, l-MCP content was 3.3%) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (30 wt%) were added. The components were mixed to a homogeneous consistency. After cooling, the resulting mass was formed into a stick and tested for l-MCP per 1 cm 2 of 100 g/m 2 paper.
• the concentration of l-MCP on the material as mentioned above was 0.02845 mg/cm 2 .
• the concentration was determined analogously to Example B-l.
• the l-MCP concentration was also analyzed at 100% humidity at room temperature using the sticks prepared in Examples B-3 and B-4.
• the paper sheet with the mass applied was placed in a 900 mL glass vessel.
• a sponge soaked in water was inserted into the dish and then sealed, and 250 pF of cis-2-butene was introduced with a gas-tight syringe.
• the concentration was determined against the standard, which was cis-2-butene, using a gas chromatograph equipped with a PoraBOND Q column: 25m x 0.25 mm (i.d.) x 3pm and a flame ionization detector (FID).
• Cis-2 -butene was used because it has the same response from an FID detector as l-methylcyclopropene.
• 250 pF gas was collected with a gas-tight syringe and injected into the above-mentioned column under the following conditions: temperature of the split / splitless dispenser 120 °C; isothermal 120 °C, temperature of the FID 240 °C detector, split 20:1, carrier gas flow (helium) 50 cm/s.
• MCP was mixed with 75% by weight of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (Evatane® 28- 03) and placed in a co-rotating twin screw extruder BTSK 20 / 40D with block heating to 80°C.
• the composite was extruded through a 3 mm diameter nozzle at a speed of 2 kg/h.
• the extruded composite was cooled with air and then granulated mechanically.
• the content of l-MCP was determined against a cis-2-butene standard using a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) and a PoraBOND Q column: 25mx0.25 mm (i.d.) x3pm.
• the content of l-MCP in the granulate was 0.42% by weight as calculated by the formula according to the CIPAC/4669/method.
• the granulate composite prepared in this way was coextruded with PET granulate to form a three-layer film in the ABA format where each A layer is 10% and the B layer 80% of the finished film.
• the addition of l-MCP containing granules to layer A is 1% by weight.
• the co-extrusion process was carried out using a single-screw extruder at 260 °C to obtain a 0.5 mm thick film.
• the co-extruded film was analyzed with respect to MCP content using a
• PoraBOND Q column 25mx0.25 mm (i.d.) x3pm and a gas chromatograph coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (Shimadzu, GCMS-TQ8040). The analysis was carried out at l20°C in product ion scan mode, l20°C dispenser temperature, 1 : 1 split, 55 cm/s carrier gas flow.
• l-MCP content in the film was done by crushing a sample of 100 cm 2 of film and then placing it in a gas-tight vial with a volume of 25 mL in 100% humidity, then a standard was added, which was 250 nL cis-2 -butene. After two hours of incubation, the analysis was performed by injecting 250 mT of gas withdrawn from the vial.
• Fig. 40 is an exemplary chromatogram of the released l-methylcyclopropene.
• Figs. 41 and 42 are mass spectra of the released l-MCP and cis-butene reference standard, respectively.
• the l-MCP content calculated against the standard was 10.1 nF/F from 1 cm 2 of a 0.5 mm thick film.
• a basket was made of the film prepared in this way, and the content of l-MCP was determined after the thermo forming process.

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