WO2019205181A1 - 一种大型复杂地质物理模型3d成型系统 - Google Patents
一种大型复杂地质物理模型3d成型系统 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019205181A1 WO2019205181A1 PCT/CN2018/085308 CN2018085308W WO2019205181A1 WO 2019205181 A1 WO2019205181 A1 WO 2019205181A1 CN 2018085308 W CN2018085308 W CN 2018085308W WO 2019205181 A1 WO2019205181 A1 WO 2019205181A1
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- similar material
- pipe
- driving
- discharge
- rod
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of large-scale three-dimensional physical model preparation, and in particular relates to a large-scale complex geophysical model 3D molding system.
- Simulating the excavation process of natural rock mass engineering through physical model tests is an important method for predicting and forecasting large-scale rock mass engineering geological disasters.
- 3D printing technology is a method of slicing complex object layers and then stacking them to form a complete object. Therefore, 3D printing technology provides a new idea for making physical models with different types of structural surfaces.
- the photocuring method is a physical model produced by utilizing the characteristics that the photosensitive resin can be cured under a certain wavelength of irradiation.
- the three-dimensional spray bonding method uses a roller to lay the powder material into a layer, and then under the control of the computer, according to the molding data of the next construction section, a selective spray adhesive is used to construct the layer, and finally a three-dimensional powder bonding model is completed.
- Similar materials for agitated rock mass are primarily transported through two pumping equipment, including screw conveyors and ram conveyors.
- the existing two pumping devices are unable to accurately control the discharge amount, and the adjustable discharge capacity is weak; when the pumping operation is finished, the pumping device is inconvenient to disassemble and clean.
- the piston rod of the plate lifting drive cylinder is fixedly connected to the model forming coaming plate, and the model forming coaming plate is driven to be lifted and lowered by the telescopic action of the piston rod; in the support frame a first guide rail is mounted on the top of the transfer frame, and a second guide rail is mounted on the top of the transfer frame.
- the first guide rail is mated with the second guide rail, and the first guide rail and the second guide rail are respectively connected to each other to be respective extension guide rails;
- the lower part of the model carrying transfer table is equipped with a walking wheel, and the model carrying transfer table moves linearly along the first guide rail and the second guide rail through the walking wheel;
- a transfer carrier driving cylinder is connected between the model carrying transfer platform and the transfer frame, and the transporting port is carried.
- the stage driving cylinder is parallel to the first rail and the second rail, and the cylinder tube carrying the transfer table driving cylinder is fixedly connected to the transfer frame, and the piston rod carrying the transfer table driving cylinder is connected to the model bearing transfer platform through the bolt lock, and passes through the piston rod
- the telescopic action driving model carries the transfer table for linear movement; a third guide rail is disposed on the ground below the transfer frame, and the third guide rail is fixed on the ground through the guide rail base, and the third guide rail and the first guide rail and the second guide rail Vertically, a slider is mounted at the bottom of the transfer frame, and the transfer frame moves linearly along the third guide rail through the transfer slider;
- a transfer frame drive cylinder is connected between the guide bases, the transfer frame drive cylinder is parallel to the third guide rail, the cylinder of the transfer frame drive cylinder is fixedly connected to the guide base, and the piston rod of the transfer frame drive cylinder is connected with the transfer frame.
- the linear movement of the transport frame is driven by the telescopic action of the piston rod
- the Y-direction horizontal moving component includes a Y-direction horizontal moving drive motor, a Y-direction horizontal moving beam, a Y-direction horizontal moving plate, a Y-direction rack rail, a Y-direction driving gear, and a Y-direction slider;
- the Y-direction rack rail Fixed on the Z-direction lifting beam, the Y-direction rack guide rail is perpendicular to the Z-direction lead screw;
- the Y-direction horizontal moving plate is mounted on the rail portion of the Y-direction rack rail through the Y-direction slider, and the Y-direction horizontal movement The plate moves linearly along the Y-direction rack guide rail through the Y-direction slider;
- the Y-direction horizontal movement drive motor is fixed on the Y-direction horizontal movement plate, and the Y-direction drive gear and the Y-direction horizontally move the motor shaft of the drive motor 20 Connected, and the Y-direction drive gear meshes with
- a model compacting cylinder is mounted on the Y-direction horizontal moving plate, the model compacting cylinder is vertically disposed and the piston rod is facing downward, and a model compacting roller is horizontally mounted at a piston rod end of the model compacting cylinder.
- the agitator includes a stirring assembly, a feeding assembly, a water supply assembly, a similar material storage weighing assembly, an admixture storage weighing assembly, a dust removing assembly, a filtering assembly, and a discharge assembly;
- the feeding assembly is stocked by a similar material
- the weighing assembly inputs a similar material into the agitating assembly for inputting fresh water into the agitating assembly for inputting an admixture into the agitating assembly, the dedusting assembly for removing
- the dust generated during the preparation of a similar material is used to remove particles of a similar material having a particle size exceeding the standard, and the discharge assembly is used to deliver the agitated similar material to the feed controller.
- the stirring assembly comprises a stirring tank, a stirring driving motor, a stirring driving shaft and a stirring blade; two independent stirring chambers are vertically arranged in the stirring tank, and the upper stirring chamber is a coarse stirring chamber, and the lower layer
- the stirring chamber is a concentrate stirring chamber, and the coarse material stirring chamber and the fine material stirring chamber are connected through a filter assembly;
- the stirring drive shaft runs vertically through the entire stirring tank, and the stirring drive shaft top passes through the bearing and
- the top plate of the stirring tank is connected, the bottom end of the stirring drive shaft is connected with the bottom plate of the stirring tank through a bearing, and the bottom end of the stirring driving shaft extends out of the tank body of the stirring tank;
- the stirring driving motor is vertically fixed on the bottom plate of the stirring tank, And the motor shaft of the stirring drive motor is fixedly connected with the stirring drive shaft;
- the number of the stirring blades is two, and the two stirring blades are respectively located in the coarse material stirring chamber and the fine material stirring chamber, and the two stirring blades are fixed On the stirring
- the feed assembly includes a similar material storage tank, a similar material feed tube, and a screw conveyor; the similar material feed tube is in communication with a top of a similar material storage tank body, the similar material storage tank bottom and spiral
- the feeding ends of the conveyor are in communication, and the discharge end of the screw conveyor communicates with the coarse material mixing chamber of the stirring tank through a similar material storage weighing assembly; the dust removing vent hole is opened on the top plate of the similar material storage tank , a dust removing component is installed through the dust removing vent hole;
- the water supply assembly includes an inlet pipe, an electric control switch valve and a flow meter; one end of the inlet pipe is connected with a water source, and the other end of the inlet pipe is connected with a water inlet of the top plate of the agitating tank; the electric control switch valve and the flow meter They are all installed on the pipe body of the inlet pipe, and the electric control switch valve performs the valve opening and closing action by the automatic control mode, and the water flow in the inlet pipe is monitored in real time through the flow meter;
- the similar material storage weighing assembly comprises a similar material storage cylinder, a similar material discharge driving motor, a similar material discharge driving shaft, a similar material discharge driving spiral blade, a similar material storage cylinder bearing spring and similar material storage.
- a barrel weighing sensor the top end of the barrel of the similar material storage barrel is connected to the discharge end of the screw conveyor through a flexible sealing tube, and the bottom of the barrel of the similar material storage barrel and the similar material on the top plate of the stirring tank
- the material port is connected to the same;
- the similar material discharge drive shaft vertically runs through the similar material storage cylinder, and the similar material discharge drive shaft top end is connected with the similar material storage cylinder top plate through the bearing, and the similar material discharge drive shaft a cylinder extending from a similar material storage cylinder;
- the similar material discharge driving motor is vertically fixed on a top plate of a similar material storage cylinder, and a similar material discharge driving motor shaft and a similar material discharge driving shaft Phase-bonding;
- the similar material discharge driving spiral blade is disposed at the
- the admixture stock weighing component comprises an admixture storage cylinder, an admixture discharge drive motor, an admixture discharge drive shaft, an admixture discharge drive screw blade, an admixture storage cylinder load bearing spring and an admixture storage.
- the top of the barrel of the admixture storage cylinder is provided with an admixing agent filling port, and a filling port cover is arranged at the filling port of the admixture;
- the driving material discharging shaft of the admixture runs vertically through the whole a storage tank, an admixture discharge drive shaft top end is connected to the top of the admixture storage tank through a bearing, and a top end of the admixture discharge drive shaft extends out of the barrel of the admixture storage cylinder;
- the driving motor is vertically fixed on the top plate of the admixture storage tank, and the motor shaft of the admixture discharging driving motor is fixedly connected with the admixing agent discharging driving shaft;
- the admixing agent discharging driving the spiral blade is disposed in the admixing agent row The bottom end of the material drive shaft, and the admixture discharge driving spiral blade is located in the admixture feed port on the top plate
- the dust removing assembly comprises a dust collecting box and a dust removing gas permeable membrane, wherein a bottom end of the dust box is provided with a dust-containing airflow inlet port, and a dust-free airflow discharging port is opened at a top end of the dust box, and the dust removing gas permeable membrane is installed in the dust-free airflow.
- the filter assembly comprises a coarse filter mesh, a fine filter mesh, a filter particle isolation cartridge, a concentrate feed pipe, a concentrate discharge pipe and a filter drive pump; the filter particle isolation cylinder is installed on the coarse filter mesh and the fine filter filter. Between the nets, the filter granule isolation cylinder is connected to the coarse agitation chamber of the agitation tank through a coarse filter; the filter drive pump is located outside the agitation tank, and one end of the concentrate feed pipe is sealed through the side of the agitation tank The wall is connected to the filter particle separation cylinder through a fine filter, and the other end of the concentrate feed pipe is connected to the feed end of the filter drive pump; one end of the concentrate discharge pipe and the discharge end of the filter drive pump Connected, the other end of the concentrate discharge pipe is sealed through the side wall of the agitating tank and communicates with the concentrate agitation chamber; a concentrate control valve is installed on the pipe body of the concentrate feed pipe, and the concentrate control valve is installed Open and close the valve by automatic control;
- the discharge assembly comprises a similar material discharge tube and a discharge drive pump, and one end of the similar material discharge tube is connected with a similar material discharge port on the bottom of the agitator tank, and the other end of the similar material discharge tube is driven by the discharge pump.
- the feeding end is connected, the discharge end of the discharge driving pump is connected with the feeding controller; the discharging control valve is installed on the pipe body of the similar material discharging pipe, and the discharging control valve is opened by an automatic control method Valve and valve closing action.
- the feeding controller comprises an air compressor, a pneumatic control valve group, a feeding control host, a feed control valve and a discharge control valve;
- the feeding control host is divided into a driving level body And the feeding level body, the driving stage body and the feeding stage body are fixedly connected by the transfer flange;
- the driving stage piston is arranged in the driving stage body, and the driving stage piston and the driving stage body are sealed and slidingly matched;
- the feed stage piston body is provided with a feed stage piston, and the feed stage piston and the feed stage body are sealed and slidingly matched;
- the drive stage piston and the feed stage piston are fixedly connected by a piston rod, and the piston rod seal penetrates the transfer flange.
- a linear bearing is arranged between the piston rod and the adapter flange; a first vent is opened on the rod chamber of the driving stage body, and the pneumatic control valve group passes through the first vent tube and the first vent tube a vent is connected; a second vent is opened on the rodless cavity of the drive stage body, and the pneumatic control valve group is connected to the second vent through the second vent; the air pressure
- the high-pressure gas pipe is connected with the pneumatic control valve group;
- the rod-type displacement sensor is disposed in the rod cavity of the driving stage body, the rod-type displacement sensor is parallel to the piston rod, and the rod-type displacement sensor is fixed at one end by the transfer method On the blue, the other end of the rod-type displacement sensor is fixed on the piston rod through the adapter; a pressure-balanced vent hole is formed on the rod-shaped housing of the feeding-stage body; and the rod-free cavity of the feeding-stage body
- the feed port and the discharge port are respectively opened on the body; the feed control valve is connected to the feed port through the
- the pneumatic control valve group includes a first pressure regulating valve, a first pressure valve, a first exhaust valve, a second pressure regulating valve, a second pressure valve, and a second exhaust valve;
- the gas end is connected to the air compressor through the high pressure gas pipe, the outlet end of the first pressure regulating valve is connected to the first vent pipe through the first pressure valve, and the other channel is connected to the atmosphere through the first exhaust valve;
- the intake end of the pressure regulating valve is connected to the air compressor through a high pressure gas pipe, the outlet end of the second pressure regulating valve is connected to the second vent pipe through the second pressure valve, and the other channel is connected to the atmosphere through the second exhaust valve. ;
- the first pressure regulating valve and the second pressure regulating valve have the same structure, and each includes a valve body, a driving motor, a driving gear and a driven gear; the driving motor is fixed on the valve body, and the driving gear fixing set is driven The driven gear is fixedly arranged on the valve body rod of the valve body, and the driven gear meshes with the driving gear; the driving motor outputs torque, and sequentially drives the driving gear and the driven gear to rotate, for Adjusting the opening of the valve body in the valve body;
- the feed control valve and the discharge control valve have the same structure, and each comprises a valve casing, a hose, a intercepting rod, a steering gear, a driving wheel and a driving spring;
- the hose is located at the bottom of the inner side of the valve casing, and the two ends of the hose are connected
- the steering gear is fixed on the top end of the valve casing, and the driving wheel is eccentrically fixed on the motor shaft of the steering gear; one end of the intercepting rod abuts on the outer peripheral edge of the wheel of the driving wheel, and the intercepting rod is further One end is in contact with the outer tube wall of the hose;
- the driving spring is located inside the valve casing, the driving spring is parallel with the intercepting rod, one end of the driving spring is fixedly connected to the valve shell, and the other end of the driving spring passes through the connecting rod and the intercepting current
- the rod phase is fixed;
- the intercepting rod is linearly moved by a steering gear or a driving spring for
- the feeding controller comprises a feeding control host, a feed control valve and a discharge control valve; the feeding control host is divided into a drive-level body and a feed-level body, and the drive-level body is The feed stage body is fixedly connected by the transfer flange; a drive plate is disposed in the drive stage body, and a feed piston is disposed in the feed stage body, and the feed piston and the feed stage body are sealed and slidingly matched; the drive The disk and the feed piston are fixedly connected by a piston rod, the piston rod penetrates the adapter flange, and a linear bearing is installed between the piston rod and the adapter flange; a pull rod is arranged in the chamber of the drive stage body
- the displacement sensor has a rod-type displacement sensor parallel to the piston rod, one end of the rod-type displacement sensor is fixed on the adapter flange, and the other end of the rod-type displacement sensor is fixed on the driving plate; the silk mother is mounted on the driving plate, A threaded rod
- the feed control valve and the discharge control valve have the same structure, and each comprises a valve casing, a hose, a intercepting rod, a steering gear, a driving wheel and a driving spring;
- the hose is located at the bottom of the inner side of the valve casing, and the two ends of the hose are connected
- the steering gear is fixed on the top end of the valve casing, and the driving wheel is eccentrically fixed on the motor shaft of the steering gear; one end of the intercepting rod abuts on the outer peripheral edge of the wheel of the driving wheel, and the intercepting rod is further One end is in contact with the outer tube wall of the hose;
- the driving spring is located inside the valve casing, the driving spring is parallel with the intercepting rod, one end of the driving spring is fixedly connected to the valve shell, and the other end of the driving spring passes through the connecting rod and the intercepting current
- the rod phase is fixed;
- the intercepting rod is linearly moved by a steering gear or a driving spring for
- the print head comprises a print head mounting plate, a print nozzle quick change mechanism, a similar material supply pipe, a similar material circulation anti-clogging mechanism and a similar material flushing purification anti-clogging mechanism;
- the print nozzle quick change mechanism comprises a print nozzle quick change drive Motor, motor mounting frame, pipe adapter plate and printing nozzle adapter plate, pipe adapter plate is fixed on the motor mounting frame; one end of the similar material feeding pipe is connected to similar material through the first control valve, similar materials are provided
- the other end of the material pipe is horizontally fixed on the pipe adapter plate through the pipe sealing ring, and a top tension spring is installed between the pipe sealing ring and the pipe adapter plate;
- the printing nozzle quick-change drive motor is fixed in the motor installation On the rack, the motor shaft of the print nozzle quick change drive motor is fixed to the center of the print nozzle transfer disc through the small hole of the pipe adapter plate; three prints are evenly distributed on the disk surface of the print nozzle transfer disk
- the recirculating material pipe quick-connecting mechanism is in sealing communication with the printing nozzle, and the similar material circulating the other end of the returning pipe leads out a similar material and returns a feeding source of similar materials;
- the similar material flushing and purifying anti-clogging mechanism includes the inlet pipe, the outlet pipe and the water pipe a connecting mechanism; one end of the inlet pipe is connected to the water supply source through a third control valve, and the other end of the inlet pipe is horizontally fixed on the pipe adapter plate through the pipe sealing ring, and is added between the pipe sealing ring and the pipe adapter plate A top-loading spring is installed; one end of the outlet pipe is in sealing communication with the printing nozzle through a water pipe quick-connecting mechanism, and the other end of the outlet pipe is connected to the sewage treatment system.
- the nozzle apertures of the three printing nozzles are different, the printing nozzle with the smallest nozzle aperture has the highest printing precision, the printing nozzle with the nozzle aperture centered is the second, and the printing nozzle with the largest nozzle aperture has the lowest printing precision;
- the similar material circulation material tube quick-connecting mechanism has the same structure as the water pipe quick-connecting mechanism, and includes a hose, a printing nozzle butt joint, a butt drive motor, a nut, a screw rod, a butt tube transfer frame and a docking drive motor fixing frame;
- One end of the printing nozzle butt pipe is connected to a similar material circulation return pipe or an outlet pipe through a hose, and the printing nozzle butt pipe is press-fitted with the printing nozzle;
- the docking drive motor passes through the docking drive motor fixing frame and the print head mounting plate.
- the phase is fixed, the screw is fixed to the motor shaft of the butt drive motor, the nut is set on the screw, and the nut is fixed on the butt pipe adapter, and the butt pipe adapter is fixed to the print nozzle butt
- the adapter frame guide rod is mounted on the docking drive motor holder, and the adapter frame guide rod is parallel to the screw rod.
- the large-scale complex geophysical model 3D forming system of the invention comprises a newly designed 3D forming machine, a mixer, a feeding controller and a print head; the 3D forming machine is suitable for being composed of cement, gypsum, sand, iron powder and barite.
- Rock mass similar materials can adjust the compactness during the physical model making process to meet the requirements of printing two or more materials at the same time; the mixer adopts the overall sealing design and increases the dust removal function, effectively avoiding similar materials in the rock mass during the mixing process. Dissipating floating dust to ensure the clean environment in the laboratory, the loading and stirring of similar materials in the rock mass is fully automated, without manual intervention, which effectively reduces the labor intensity of the operator and increases the mixing process of similar materials in the rock mass.
- the filtering function effectively removes particles with large particle size from similar materials in the rock mass, eliminates the problem of blockage of the print head, and ensures the consistency of the printing work;
- the feeding controller can be used to replace the traditional screw conveyor and plunger Conveyor, which can control the discharge amount with precise amount, and the adjustable discharge capacity is strong when the pump After the work is finished, the feeding controller can be disassembled for easier cleaning.
- the print head can quickly adjust the printing accuracy according to the actual printing needs. At the same time, it has the anti-clogging function of the print head. During the pause of printing, it can be based on the length of the pause time. , enable the similar material circulation anti-clogging function or similar material to rinse and clean the anti-clogging function.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a 3D molding machine of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a model bearing and transporting assembly
- Figure 4 is an enlarged view of a portion I of Figure 1;
- A1 print frame
- A2 support frame
- A3 model forming coaming
- A4 clad lifting drive cylinder
- A5 model bearing transfer platform
- A6 transport frame
- A7 first guide rail
- A8 second Guide rail
- A9 walking wheel
- A10 bearing transfer table drive cylinder
- A11 bolt lock
- A12 third guide rail
- A13 rail base
- A14 transport slider
- A15 transport frame drive cylinder
- A16 Z direction lift Beam
- A17-Z lifting drive motor A18-Z to lead screw
- A19-Z guide rod A20-Y horizontally moving drive motor, A21-Y moving horizontal beam, A22-Y moving horizontally, A23- Y-to-rack guide, A24-Y to slider, A25-X to horizontally move the drive motor, A26-X to the horizontal move plate, A27-X to the rack guide, A28-X to the drive gear, A29-X slide Block
- A30 model compaction cylinder
- A31 model compaction cylinder
- Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of a stirring assembly
- Figure 8 is a schematic structural view of a feeding assembly
- Figure 13 is a schematic structural view of a filter assembly
- Figure 14 is a schematic structural view of the discharge assembly
- B1 stirring unit
- B2 feeding unit
- B3 water supply unit
- B4 similar material storage weighing unit
- B5 additive material storage weighing unit
- B6 dust removal unit
- B7 filter unit
- B8 - Discharge assembly B9 - mixing tank
- B10 stirring drive motor
- B11 stirring drive shaft
- B12 mixing blade
- B13 coarse material mixing chamber
- B14 concentrate mixing chamber
- B15 - water inlet
- B17 - admixture feed port B18 - similar material feed port
- B20 - similar material discharge port B21 - similar material storage tank
- B23 screw conveyor
- B24 inlet pipe
- B25 electricalally controlled switch valve
- B26 flowmeter
- B27 similar material storage cylinder
- B28 similar material discharge drive motor
- B29 similar material discharge drive shaft
- B30 similar material discharge driven spiral blade
- Figure 15 is a schematic structural view of a gas pump driven feed controller of the present invention.
- FIG 16 is a schematic structural view of a feeding control host (air pump driven feeding controller);
- Figure 17 is a schematic structural view of a pneumatic control valve group
- Figure 18 is a schematic structural view of a first pressure regulating valve / a second pressure regulating valve
- FIG 19 is a schematic structural view of a feed control valve/discharge control valve (air pump driven feed controller);
- C1 air compressor
- C2 pneumatic control valve group
- C3 feeding control host
- C4 feed control valve
- C5 discharge control valve
- C6 driver-level body
- C7 feeding-level body
- C8 Drive stage piston
- C9 feeding stage piston
- C10 piston rod
- C11 linear bearing
- C12 driver body with rod cavity
- C13 first vent
- C14 first vent
- C15 driver body Rodless cavity
- C16 second vent
- C17 second vent pipe
- C18 high pressure gas pipe
- C19 pull rod displacement sensor
- C20 transfer frame
- C21 feeding body with rod cavity
- C22 pressure Balance venting hole
- C23 the rodless cavity of the feeding stage body
- C24 feeding port
- C25 discharge port
- C26 feeding pipe
- C27 discharging pipe
- C28 first pressure regulating valve
- C30 first exhaust valve
- C31 second pressure regulating valve
- 20 is a schematic structural view of a motor-driven feed controller of the present invention.
- 21 is a schematic structural view of a feeding control host (motor driven feeding controller);
- FIG 22 is a schematic structural view of a feed control valve/discharge control valve (motor driven feed controller);
- D1 feed control host
- D2 feed control valve
- D3 discharge control valve
- D4 driver body
- D5 feeding level body
- D6 transfer flange
- D7 drive plate
- D8 feed Piston
- D9 piston rod
- D10 linear bearing
- D11 drive chamber body chamber
- D12 pulse rod displacement sensor
- D13 mother
- D14 screw
- D15 driven gear
- D16 motor bracket
- D17 Servo motor
- D18 Drive gear
- D19 The rod body of the feed stage body
- D20 pressure balanced vent hole
- D21 the rodless cavity of the feed stage body
- D22 feed port
- D23 discharge port
- D24 Feed pipe
- D25 discharge pipe
- D26 valve case
- D27 hose
- D28 cutoff lever
- D29 steering gear
- D30 drive wheel
- D31 drive spring
- D32 transfer nut
- D33 transfer Rod
- D34 quick
- Figure 23 is a schematic structural view of a print head of the present invention.
- Figure 24 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of Figure 23;
- Figure 25 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of Figure 23;
- E1 print head mounting plate
- E2 printing nozzle quick change structure
- E3 similar material feeding tube
- E4 similar material circulation anti-blocking mechanism
- E5 similar material flushing and anti-clogging mechanism
- E6 printing nozzle fast Change drive motor
- E7 - motor mounting bracket E8 - pipe adapter plate
- E9 print nozzle adapter plate
- E10 - first control valve E11 - pipe seal ring
- E12 - top tight spring E13 - print nozzle
- E14 Nozzle seal ring
- E15 - similar material circulating feed pipe
- E16 - similar material circulating return pipe
- E17 similar material circulating material pipe quick-connecting mechanism
- E18 - second control valve E19 - inlet pipe, E20 - outlet pipe
- E21 water pipe quick connect mechanism
- E22 third control valve
- E23 hose
- E24 printing nozzle butt joint
- E25 butt drive motor
- E26 mother
- E27 screw
- a guide rail A7 is abutted with the second rail A8 and is a respective extension rail; a traveling wheel A9 is mounted on the lower part of the model bearing transfer table A5, and the model bearing transfer table A5 passes the traveling wheel A9 along the first rail A7 and the second rail. A8 linearly moves; a transfer transfer table drive cylinder A10 is connected between the model load transfer table A5 and the transfer frame A6, and the transfer transfer table drive cylinder A10 is parallel to the first guide rail A7 and the second guide rail A8, and carries the transfer table drive.
- the agitator comprises a stirring assembly B1, a supply assembly B2, a water supply assembly B3, a similar material storage weighing assembly B4, an admixture storage weighing assembly B5, a dust removal assembly B6, and a filter assembly B7.
- the material weighing component B5 is used for inputting an admixture into the agitating component B1 for removing floating dust generated during preparation of a similar material
- the filtering component B7 is for removing particles having a particle size exceeding the standard in a similar material.
- the admixture feed port B17 and the similar material feed port B18 are installed with a dust removing assembly B6 through the dust removing vent hole B16; and a pressure balanced vent hole is opened on the side wall of the stirring tank B9 corresponding to the coarse material stirring chamber B13.
- B19; a similar material discharge port B20 is opened on the bottom plate of the stirring tank B9;
- the feeding assembly B2 comprises a similar material storage tank B21, a similar material feeding tube B22 and a screw conveyor B23;
- the tube B22 is in communication with the top of the tank of the similar material storage tank B21.
- the bottom of the tank of the similar material storage tank B21 is connected with the feeding end of the screw conveyor B23, and the discharge end of the screw conveyor B23 is called by similar material storage.
- a dust receiving vent hole is arranged on the top plate of the admixture storage drum B34, and a dust removing assembly is installed through the dust removing vent hole;
- the dust removing component B6 includes a dust box B42 and Dust removal breathable film B43, set The bottom end of the box B42 is provided with a dust-containing airflow inlet port B44, and the top of the dust box B42 is provided with a dust-free airflow discharge port, and the dust-removing gas permeable membrane B43 is installed on the dust-free airflow discharge port;
- the filter assembly B7 includes a thick Filter B45, fine filter B46, filter particle isolation cylinder B47, concentrate feed pipe B48, concentrate discharge pipe B49 and filter drive pump B50;
- the filter particle isolation cylinder B47 is installed on the coarse filter B45 and Between the fine filter screens B46, the filter particle separation cylinder B47 is connected to the coarse material stirring chamber B13 of the stirring tank B9 through the coarse filter net B45; the filter drive pump B50 is located outside the stirring
- the pneumatic control valve group C2 includes a first pressure regulating valve C28, a first pressure valve C29, a first exhaust valve C30, a second pressure regulating valve C31, a second pressure valve C32, and a second exhaust valve C33;
- the intake end of the first pressure regulating valve C28 is connected to the air compressor C1 through the high pressure air pipe C18, and the air outlet end of the first pressure regulating valve C28 is connected to the first air pipe C14 through the first pressure valve C29, and the other pass
- An exhaust valve C30 is connected to the atmosphere;
- the intake end of the second pressure regulating valve C31 is connected to the air compressor C1 through the high pressure air pipe C18, and the air outlet end of the second pressure regulating valve C31 is passed through the second pressure valve C32.
- the second vent pipe C17 is connected, and the other pipe is connected to the atmosphere through the second exhaust valve C33.
- the first pressure regulating valve C28 and the second pressure regulating valve C31 have the same structure, and both include a valve body C34 and a driving motor C35.
- the driving gear C36 and the driven gear C37 are fixed on the valve body C34.
- the driving gear C36 is fixedly mounted on the motor shaft of the driving motor C35; the driven gear C37 is fixedly mounted on the valve body C34.
- the print head includes a print head mounting plate E1, a print nozzle quick change mechanism E2, a similar material supply pipe E3, a similar material circulation anti-clogging mechanism E4, and a similar material flushing purification anti-clogging mechanism E5;
- the print nozzle quick change mechanism E2 includes a print nozzle quick change drive motor E6, a motor mount E7, a pipe transfer plate E8, and a print nozzle transfer plate E9, and the pipe transfer plate E8 is fixed on the motor mount E7;
- One end of the similar material supply pipe E3 is connected to the similar material through the first control valve E10, and the other end of the similar material supply pipe E3 is horizontally fixed on the pipe adapter plate E8 through the pipe sealing ring E11, and in the pipe sealing ring E11 and A top tension spring E12 is installed between the pipe adapter plate E8;
- the print nozzle quick change drive motor E6 is fixed on the motor mounting frame E7, and the print nozzle quick change drive motor E6 motor shaft passes through the pipe adapter plate E
- the similar material circulating material quick-connecting mechanism E17 has the same structure as the water-cooling quick-connecting mechanism E21, and includes the hose E23, the printing nozzle butt joint E24, the butt drive motor E25, the silk core E26, the screw E27, the butt pipe transfer The E24 and the docking drive motor mounting bracket E29; the printing nozzle butting pipe E24 is connected to the similar material circulating return pipe E16 or the water outlet pipe E20 through the hose E23, and the printing nozzle butting pipe E24 is press-fitted with the printing nozzle E13;
- the butt drive motor E25 is fixedly connected to the print head mounting plate E1 through the butt drive motor mount E29, the screw E27 is fixedly connected to the motor shaft of the docking drive motor E25, and the nut E26 is set on the lead screw E27, and the wire is
- the female E26 is fixed on the butt pipe adapter E28, and the docking pipe adapter E28 is fixedly connected to the printing nozzle butting
- the similar materials are uniformly mixed in the mixing field, and then the similar materials are transported by the pump truck through the similar material feeding pipe B22 into the similar material storage tank B21, and then similarly in the similar material storage tank B21 by the screw conveyor B23.
- the material is delivered into a similar material storage cartridge B27 of similar material stock weighing assembly B4.
- the filling port cover B41 of the admixture storage drum B34 in the admixture stock weighing component B5 is opened, and the admixture is poured into the admixture storage drum B34 through the admixture filling port B40, and then the filling port cover B41 is closed.
- the admixture discharge driving motor B35 is closed, and the addition process of the admixture ends.
- the similar material discharge drive motor B28 in the similar material storage weighing component B4 is activated, and the similar material discharge driving shaft B29 drives the similar material discharge driving screw blade B30 to rotate, thereby similar materials in the similar material storage cylinder B27. Continuously conveyed to the agitating tank B9 of the stirring assembly B1, while the mass change of the similar material storage weighing component B4 is monitored in real time by the similar material storage cylinder load cell B32, and the similar material storage weighing component B4 is reduced in quality.
- the similar material in the slurry state will first enter the filter particle isolation cylinder B47 through the coarse filter B45, and then pass through the fine filter B46, the concentrate feed pipe B48, the filter drive pump B50 and the concentrate discharge pipe.
- B49 enters the concentrate mixing chamber B14 of the agitating tank B9, and the particles having an excessive particle size filtered by the fine filter B46 are trapped in the filtering particle separating cylinder B47.
- the similar material slurry that has been filtered continues to maintain agitation in the concentrate mixing chamber B14.
- the discharge control valve B54 of the discharge assembly B8 is opened, and the discharge driving pump is started at the same time.
- the rodless chamber C23 of the feed stage C7 will exhibit a negative pressure, and under negative pressure, similar material will be sucked into the rodless chamber C23 of the feed stage body C7 until the piston monitored by the rod type displacement sensor C19 When the moving distance reaches the set value, the first pressure regulating valve C28 is closed at this time, and the feeding process ends.
- the piston rod C10 and the feed stage piston C9 are synchronously moved, so that the rodless chamber C23 of the feeding stage body C7 is compressed, and under the pressure, the rodless chamber C23 of the feeding stage body C7
- the similar material inside will be discharged through the discharge pipe C27, and the rod cavity C21 of the feed stage body C7 absorbs the air through the pressure balance vent hole C22 to increase the volume in the cavity until the piston movement distance monitored by the rod type displacement sensor C19 reaches The set value, at this time, the second pressure regulating valve C31 is closed, and the discharging process ends.
- the opening of the valve core in the valve body C34 of the first pressure regulating valve C28 or the second pressure regulating valve C31 can be adjusted to realize the adjustment of the high-pressure air supply flow rate, thereby realizing Adjustment of feed and discharge speed.
- the steering gear D29 of the feed control valve D2 is first activated to drive the driving wheel D30 to rotate eccentrically, and the intercepting rod D28 is moved upward by the driving spring D31, thereby making the tube of the hose D27
- the chamber is fully opened; at the same time, the servo D29 of the discharge control valve D3 is activated, and the eccentric rotation of the driving wheel is converted into a linear motion of the intercepting rod D28, so that the intercepting rod D28 is moved downward, thereby completely completing the lumen of the hose D27. closure.
- the feed control valve D2 is in an open state, and the discharge control valve D3 is in a closed state.
- the rodless chamber D21 of the feed stage body D5 With the movement of the feed piston D8, the rodless chamber D21 of the feed stage body D5 will be compressed, and under pressure, similar materials in the rodless chamber D21 of the feed stage body D5 will be discharged through the discharge tube D25 while feeding
- the rod chamber D19 of the stage body D5 draws in air through the pressure balance vent hole D20 to increase the volume in the chamber until the piston movement distance monitored by the rod type displacement sensor D12 reaches the set value, and the servo motor D17 is turned off at this time, and the discharging process is started. End.
- the printing program is started, and the Z-axis lifting member, the Y-direction horizontal moving member, and the X-direction horizontal moving member are three-axis linked, and each time the printing head prints one layer, the printing head rises by a set height, and the model forming panel A3 is also Raise the same set height accordingly.
- the model compacting cylinder A30 is started once, and the model compacting roller A31 is controlled to output a set pressing amount, and then the Y-direction horizontally moving driving motor A20 is started, and the Y-direction horizontal moving plate A22 is controlled.
- the Y-direction rack guide A23 moves at a uniform speed until the model compaction roller A31 completes a compaction of the physical model, thereby realizing the compactness adjustment of the physical model. In addition, you can choose to start a compaction after printing several layers. After the physical model completes the final layer of printing and compaction, the physical model is printed. After the physical model ends the curing period, the piston rod of the hoisting and lowering driving cylinder A4 can be controlled to perform the retracting action until the model forming panel A3 falls. Return to the slab pit and the physical model will be fully exposed.
- the piston rod of the control transfer table driving cylinder A10 is extended until the piston rod is fixedly coupled with the model bearing transfer table A5 by the bolt lock A11, and then the piston rod of the transfer table driving cylinder A10 is controlled to be retracted.
- the model carrying transfer platform A5 carrying the physical model can be pulled onto the transfer frame A6, and finally the transfer frame A6 is pushed through the transfer frame drive cylinder A15 to move the physical model to the loading test position, waiting for subsequent loading tests.
- the printing nozzle E13 corresponding to the printing precision is selected, the printing nozzle quick-change driving motor E6 is activated, the printing nozzle adapter disk E9 is controlled to rotate, and the selected printing nozzle E13 is rotated to feed with a similar material.
- the position where the tube E3 is connected can be used.
- the first control valve E10 is opened, and the similar material enters the printing nozzle E13 through the similar material supply pipe E3, and the 3D molding machine only needs to perform the printing operation in accordance with the printing program.
- the printing nozzle E13 needs to pause printing for a short time, first close the first control valve E10, then start the printing nozzle quick-change driving motor E6, control the printing nozzle adapter disk E9 to rotate, and rotate the printing nozzle E13 for printing work to
- the similar material circulates the position where the feed pipe E15 is in communication.
- the butt drive motor E25 in the similar material circulation pipe quick-connecting mechanism E17 is started, and then the screw E27 is controlled to rotate, and the screw E27 is rotated to drive the wire E26 to move downward along the screw E27, thereby driving the butt pipe to rotate.
- the carriage E28 and the print nozzle butt pipe E24 are moved downward until the print nozzle butt pipe E24 is press-connected with the print nozzle E13.
- the second control valve E18 When the printing nozzle butt joint E24 is docked with the printing nozzle E13, the second control valve E18 is opened, and the similar material enters the similar material circulating feeding tube E15 from the feeding source, and then passes through the printing nozzle E13 and the printing nozzle docking tube E24.
- the hose E23 and the similar material circulation return pipe E16 are returned to the supply source.
- the second control valve E18 is first closed, and then the butt drive motor E25 in the similar material circulation tube quick-connect mechanism E17 is reversely activated to re-separate the print nozzle butt E24 from the print nozzle E13.
- the printing nozzle adapter disk E9 is re-driven to rotate, the printing nozzle E13 is rotated to a position communicating with the similar material supply pipe E3, and then the first control valve E10 is turned on to continue the printing operation.
- first close the first control valve E10 then start the printing nozzle quick-change driving motor E6, control the printing nozzle adapter disk E9 to rotate, and print for printing work.
- the nozzle E13 is rotated to a position in communication with the water inlet pipe E19.
- the butt drive motor E25 in the water pipe quick-connecting mechanism E21 is started, and then the screw E27 is controlled to rotate, and the screw E27 is rotated to drive the wire E26 to move downward along the screw E27, thereby driving the butt joint adapter E28 and
- the print nozzle docking tube E24 is moved downward until the print nozzle docking tube E24 is crimped into communication with the print nozzle E13.
- the third control valve E22 is opened, and the clean water enters the water inlet pipe E19 from the feeding source, and then passes through the printing nozzle E13, the printing nozzle butting pipe E24, the hose E23 and The outlet pipe E20 is discharged into the sewage treatment system.
- the similar material remaining in the printing nozzle E13 is effectively removed, preventing the similar material from being consolidated in the printing nozzle E13, so that the next printing can be smoothly performed.
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Abstract
一种大型复杂地质物理模型3D成型系统,包括3D成型机、搅拌机、送料控制器、打印头及控制台;打印头安装在3D成型机上,打印头通过送料控制器与搅拌机相连,通过控制台对搅拌、送料及打印过程进行统一控制;送料控制器包括两种结构形式,分别为气泵驱动式结构和电机驱动式结构。3D成型机具备模型密实度调整能力,可打印多种材料;搅拌机采用整体密封设计且具备除尘功能,上料和搅拌实现全自动化,搅拌过程中具备过滤功能,可将粒径超标颗粒从相似材料中剔除,避免打印头堵塞;送料控制器可精确控制出料量,出料量可调能力强,可进行拆卸和清洗;打印头可快速调节打印精度,具备相似材料循环防堵塞功能和相似材料冲洗净化防堵塞功能。
Description
本发明属于大型三维物理模型制备技术领域,特别是涉及一种大型复杂地质物理模型3D成型系统。
通过物理模型试验来模拟自然岩体工程开挖过程,是预测和预报大型岩体工程地质灾害的重要方法。
目前,大型物理模型通常采用浇筑法、捣实法及小块砌筑法进行制作,但通过这些传统方法制作的物理模型的结构较为单一,并且无法制作出内部含有断层、褶皱及层理等结构面的物理模型。而3D打印技术是一种将复杂的物体层层切片后再堆叠起来形成一个完整物体的方法,因此,3D打印技术为制作内部含有不同类型结构面的物理模型提供了一种新思路。
目前,用于制作物理模型的3D打印方法主要有两种,一种是光固化法,另一种是三维喷涂粘结法。光固化法是利用光敏树脂在一定波长照射下可以固化的特点进行物理模型的制作。三维喷涂粘结法是利用滚筒将粉末材料铺成一层,然后在计算机控制下,按照下一个建造截面的成型数据有选择的喷射粘结剂来建造层面,最终完成一个三维粉体粘结模型。
尽管上述两种3D打印方法可以内部含有不同类型结构面的物理模型,但是,对于制作大型复杂地质物理模型仍存在不足:1、由于大型复杂地质物理模型需要由岩体相似材料制成,而岩体相似材料通常由水泥、石膏、砂子、铁粉及重晶石等组成,但由水泥、石膏、砂子、铁粉及重晶石等组成岩体相似材料是无法应用于上述两种3D打印方法的;2、制作物理模型时无法对密实度进行调整;3、只能打印一种材料,不能同时打印两种以上的材料。
由于地质模型需要由岩体相似材料制成,并且岩体相似材料通常由水泥、石膏、砂子、铁粉及重晶石等组成,在制作地质模型前,则需要先将岩体相似材料搅拌均匀,然后才能由泵送设备将搅拌好的岩体相似材料供给3D成型机的打印头进行使用。
但是,目前岩体相似材料的搅拌工作基本上都是由建筑行业的普通混凝土搅拌机完成,但普通混凝土搅拌机在运行时会产生大量的浮尘,严重影响实验室内的环境;普通混凝土搅拌机的上料和搅拌操作还需要半人工化,无形中增加了操作人员的劳动强度;在岩体相似材料中经常会包含有粒径偏大的颗粒,但在岩体相似材料搅拌过程中又很难发现,一旦粒径偏大的颗粒随着搅拌好的岩体相似材料进入3D成型机的打印头内,就会导致打印头阻塞,从而使打印工作被迫停止。
再有,对于搅拌好的岩体相似材料主要通过两种泵送设备进行输送,包括螺旋式输送机 和柱塞式输送机。但是,现有的两种泵送设备均无法精确控制出料量,且出料量的可调能力弱;当泵送工作结束后,泵送设备不便于拆卸和清洗。
另外,大型地质模型3D成型机可用的打印头功能单一,其打印精度固定而无法调节,特别是在暂停打印的期间,打印头内残留的岩体相似材料极易出现快速凝固而堵塞打印头的情况。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供一种大型复杂地质物理模型3D成型系统,包含了全新设计的3D成型机、搅拌机、送料控制器及打印头;3D成型机适用于由水泥、石膏、砂子、铁粉及重晶石等组成岩体相似材料,在物理模型制作过程中可以对密实度进行调整,满足同时打印两种以上材料的要求;搅拌机采用了整体密封设计以及增加了除尘功能,有效避免岩体相似材料在搅拌过程中产生散逸的浮尘,保证实验室内环境的洁净,岩体相似材料的上料和搅拌实现了全自动化,无需人工干预,有效降低了操作人员的劳动强度,在岩体相似材料搅拌过程中增加了过滤功能,有效将粒径偏大的颗粒从岩体相似材料中剔除,杜绝了打印头阻塞的问题,保证了打印工作的连贯性;送料控制器可用于代替传统的螺旋式输送机和柱塞式输送机,其能够精确的控制出料量,且出料量的可调能力强,当泵送工作结束后,送料控制器可进行拆卸,更加方便清洗;打印头能够根据实际打印需要而快速调节打印精度,同时具备了打印头的防堵塞功能,在暂停打印的期间,可根据暂停时间的长短,启用相似材料循环防堵塞功能或相似材料冲洗净化防堵塞功能。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:一种大型复杂地质物理模型3D成型系统,包括3D成型机、搅拌机、送料控制器、打印头及控制台;所述打印头安装在3D成型机上,打印头通过送料控制器与搅拌机相连,通过控制台对搅拌、送料及打印过程进行统一控制;所述送料控制器包括两种结构形式,分别为气泵驱动式结构和电机驱动式结构;
所述3D成型机,包括三轴模型打印组件及模型承载与转运组件;所述三轴模型打印组件包括打印框架、Z向升降部件、Y向水平移动部件、X向水平移动部件及打印头;所述Z向升降部件安装在打印框架内,Y向水平移动部件安装在Z向升降部件上,X向水平移动部件安装在Y向水平移动部件上,X向水平移动部件上用于安装打印头;所述模型承载与转运组件包括支撑框架、模型成型围板、围板升降驱动缸、模型承载转运台及转运框架;所述三轴模型打印组件通过打印框架固装在支撑框架上,支撑框架固装在地基上,在地基内分别设置有围板基坑和升降驱动缸基坑,所述模型成型围板位于围板基坑内,所述围板升降驱动缸位于升降驱动缸基坑内,围板升降驱动缸的活塞杆固连在模型成型围板上,通过活塞杆的伸缩动作驱动模型成型围板进行升降;在所述支撑框架的顶部安装有第一导轨,在所述转运框架的顶 部安装有第二导轨,第一导轨与第二导轨对接配合,第一导轨与第二导轨对接后互为各自的延长导轨;在所述模型承载转运台下部安装有行走轮,模型承载转运台通过行走轮沿第一导轨和第二导轨直线移动;在所述模型承载转运台与转运框架之间连接有承载转运台驱动缸,承载转运台驱动缸与第一导轨及第二导轨相平行,承载转运台驱动缸的缸筒固连在转运框架上,承载转运台驱动缸的活塞杆通过螺栓锁具与模型承载转运台相连,通过活塞杆的伸缩动作驱动模型承载转运台进行直线移动;所述转运框架下方的地面上设置有第三导轨,第三导轨通过导轨基座固装在地面上,第三导轨与第一导轨及第二导轨相垂直,在转运框架底部安装有滑块,转运框架通过转运滑块沿第三导轨直线移动;在所述转运框架与导轨基座之间连接有转运框架驱动缸,转运框架驱动缸与第三导轨相平行,转运框架驱动缸的缸筒固连在导轨基座上,转运框架驱动缸的活塞杆与转运框架相连接,通过活塞杆的伸缩动作驱动转运框架进行直线移动。
所述Z向升降部件包括Z向升降梁、Z向升降驱动电机、Z向丝杠、Z向丝母及Z向导杆;所述Z向丝杠竖直安装在打印框架上,Z向丝杠上端通过轴承与打印框架相连,Z向丝杠下端与Z向升降驱动电机相连,Z向升降驱动电机固装在打印框架上;所述Z向丝母套装在Z向丝杠上,所述Z向升降梁与Z向丝母固装在一起,Z向升降梁通过Z向丝母沿Z向丝杠直线移动;所述Z向导杆安装在Z向丝杠侧部,Z向导杆与Z向丝杠相平行,在所述Z向升降梁开设有Z向导杆导向孔;
所述Y向水平移动部件包括Y向水平移动驱动电机、Y向水平移动梁、Y向水平移动板、Y向齿条导轨、Y向驱动齿轮及Y向滑块;所述Y向齿条导轨固装在Z向升降梁上,Y向齿条导轨与Z向丝杠相垂直;所述Y向水平移动板通过Y向滑块安装在Y向齿条导轨的导轨部分上,Y向水平移动板通过Y向滑块沿Y向齿条导轨直线移动;所述Y向水平移动驱动电机固装在Y向水平移动板上,所述Y向驱动齿轮与Y向水平移动驱动电机20的电机轴相连,且Y向驱动齿轮与Y向齿条导轨的齿条部分相啮合;所述Y向水平移动梁固装在Y向水平移动板上;
所述X向水平移动部件包括X向水平移动驱动电机、X向水平移动板、X向齿条导轨、X向驱动齿轮及X向滑块;所述X向齿条导轨固装在Y向水平移动梁上,X向齿条导轨与Y向齿条导轨相垂直;所述X向水平移动板通过X向滑块安装在X向齿条导轨的导轨部分上,X向水平移动板通过X向滑块沿X向齿条导轨直线移动;所述X向水平移动驱动电机固装在X向水平移动板上,所述X向驱动齿轮与X向水平移动驱动电机的电机轴相连,且X向驱动齿轮与X向齿条导轨的齿条部分相啮合;所述X向水平移动板用于安装打印头,打印头数量至少为两个;
在所述Y向水平移动板上安装有模型压实气缸,模型压实气缸竖直设置且活塞杆朝下,在模型压实气缸的活塞杆端部水平安装有模型压实辊。
所述搅拌机包括搅拌组件、供料组件、供水组件、相似材料储料称重组件、外加剂储料称重组件、除尘组件、过滤组件及排料组件;所述供料组件通过相似材料储料称重组件向搅拌组件中输入相似材料,所述供水组件用于向搅拌组件内输入清水,所述外加剂储料称重组件用于向搅拌组件内输入外加剂,所述除尘组件用于去除相似材料制备时所产生的浮尘,所述过滤组件用于去除相似材料中粒径超标的颗粒,所述排料组件用于将搅拌好的相似材料输送给送料控制器。
所述搅拌组件包括搅拌罐、搅拌驱动电机、搅拌驱动轴及搅拌叶片;在所述搅拌罐内竖直设置有两个独立的搅拌腔室,上层的搅拌腔室为粗料搅拌腔室,下层的搅拌腔室为精料搅拌腔室,且粗料搅拌腔室与精料搅拌腔室之间通过过滤组件相连通;所述搅拌驱动轴竖直贯穿整个搅拌罐,搅拌驱动轴顶端通过轴承与搅拌罐顶板相连接,搅拌驱动轴底端通过轴承与搅拌罐底板相连接,且搅拌驱动轴的底端延伸出搅拌罐的罐体;所述搅拌驱动电机竖直固装在搅拌罐底板上,且搅拌驱动电机的电机轴与搅拌驱动轴相固连;所述搅拌叶片数量为两个,两个搅拌叶片分别位于粗料搅拌腔室及精料搅拌腔室内,且两个搅拌叶片均固装在搅拌驱动轴上;在所述搅拌罐顶板上分别开设有进水口、除尘透气孔、外加剂进料口及相似材料进料口,通过除尘透气孔安装有除尘组件;在所述粗料搅拌腔室对应的搅拌罐侧壁上开设有压力平衡透气孔;在所述搅拌罐底板上开设有相似材料出料口;
所述供料组件包括相似材料储罐、相似材料进料管及螺旋输送机;所述相似材料进料管与相似材料储罐罐体顶部相连通,所述相似材料储罐罐体底部与螺旋输送机的进料端相连通,螺旋输送机的出料端通过相似材料储料称重组件与搅拌罐的粗料搅拌腔室相通;在所述相似材料储罐的顶板上开设有除尘透气孔,通过除尘透气孔安装有除尘组件;
所述供水组件包括进水管、电控开关阀及流量计;所述进水管一端与水源相连通,进水管另一端与搅拌罐顶板上的进水口相连通;所述电控开关阀及流量计均安装在进水管的管体上,电控开关阀通过自动控制方式进行开阀和关阀动作,通过流量计实时监测进水管内的水流量;
所述相似材料储料称重组件包括相似材料储料筒、相似材料排料驱动电机、相似材料排料驱动轴、相似材料排料驱动螺旋叶片、相似材料储料筒承重支撑弹簧及相似材料储料筒称重传感器;所述相似材料储料筒的筒体顶端通过柔性密封管与螺旋输送机的出料端相连通,相似材料储料筒的筒体底部与搅拌罐顶板上的相似材料进料口相连通;所述相似材料排料驱动轴竖直贯穿整个相似材料储料筒,相似材料排料驱动轴顶端通过轴承与相似材料储料筒顶 板相连接,且相似材料排料驱动轴的顶端延伸出相似材料储料筒的筒体;所述相似材料排料驱动电机竖直固装在相似材料储料筒顶板上,且相似材料排料驱动电机的电机轴与相似材料排料驱动轴相固连;所述相似材料排料驱动螺旋叶片设置在相似材料排料驱动轴底端,且相似材料排料驱动螺旋叶片位于搅拌罐顶板上的相似材料进料口内;所述相似材料储料筒通过相似材料储料筒承重支撑弹簧安装在搅拌罐顶板上,且相似材料储料筒称重传感器固连在相似材料储料筒承重支撑弹簧与搅拌罐顶板之间;在所述相似材料储料筒的顶板上开设有除尘透气孔,通过除尘透气孔安装有除尘组件;
所述外加剂储料称重组件包括外加剂储料筒、外加剂排料驱动电机、外加剂排料驱动轴、外加剂排料驱动螺旋叶片、外加剂储料筒承重支撑弹簧及外加剂储料筒称重传感器;所述外加剂储料筒的筒体顶端开设有外加剂装填口,在外加剂装填口处设置有装填口盖板;所述外加剂排料驱动轴竖直贯穿整个外加剂储料筒,外加剂排料驱动轴顶端通过轴承与外加剂储料筒顶板相连接,且外加剂排料驱动轴的顶端延伸出外加剂储料筒的筒体;所述外加剂排料驱动电机竖直固装在外加剂储料筒顶板上,且外加剂排料驱动电机的电机轴与外加剂排料驱动轴相固连;所述外加剂排料驱动螺旋叶片设置在外加剂排料驱动轴底端,且外加剂排料驱动螺旋叶片位于搅拌罐顶板上的外加剂进料口内;所述外加剂储料筒通过外加剂储料筒承重支撑弹簧安装在搅拌罐顶板上,且外加剂储料筒称重传感器固连在外加剂储料筒承重支撑弹簧与搅拌罐顶板之间;在外加剂储料筒的顶板上开设有除尘透气孔,通过除尘透气孔安装有除尘组件;
所述除尘组件包括集尘箱和除尘透气膜,集尘箱的底端开设有含尘气流进入口,集尘箱的顶端开设有无尘气流排出口,所述除尘透气膜安装在无尘气流排出口上;
所述过滤组件包括粗过滤网、精过滤网、滤除颗粒隔离筒、精料进料管、精料排料管及过滤驱动泵;所述滤除颗粒隔离筒安装在粗过滤网与精过滤网之间,滤除颗粒隔离筒通过粗过滤网与搅拌罐的粗料搅拌腔室相连通;所述过滤驱动泵位于搅拌罐外部,所述精料进料管一端密封穿过搅拌罐的侧壁,并通过精过滤网与滤除颗粒隔离筒相连通,精料进料管另一端与过滤驱动泵的进料端相连接;所述精料排料管一端与过滤驱动泵的排料端相连接,精料排料管另一端密封穿过搅拌罐的侧壁与精料搅拌腔室相连通;在所述精料进料管的管体上安装有精料控制阀,精料控制阀通过自动控制方式进行开阀和关阀动作;
所述排料组件包括相似材料排料管及排料驱动泵,相似材料排料管一端与搅拌罐底板上的相似材料出料口相连通,相似材料排料管另一端与排料驱动泵的进料端相连接,排料驱动泵的排料端与送料控制器相连通;在所述相似材料排料管的管体上安装有排料控制阀,排料控制阀通过自动控制方式进行开阀和关阀动作。
当送料控制器采用气泵驱动式结构时,所述送料控制器包括空压机、气动控制阀组、送料控制主机、进料控制阀及出料控制阀;所述送料控制主机分为驱动级机体和送料级机体,驱动级机体与送料级机体之间通过转接法兰相固连;在所述驱动级机体内设置有驱动级活塞,驱动级活塞与驱动级机体为密封滑动配合;在所述送料级机体内设置有送料级活塞,送料级活塞与送料级机体为密封滑动配合;所述驱动级活塞与送料级活塞之间通过活塞杆相固连,活塞杆密封贯穿转接法兰,且在活塞杆与转接法兰之间加装有直线轴承;在所述驱动级机体的有杆腔壳体上开设有第一通气口,所述气动控制阀组通过第一通气管与第一通气口相连接;在所述驱动级机体的无杆腔壳体上开设有第二通气口,所述气动控制阀组通过第二通气管与第二通气口相连接;所述空压机通过高压输气管与气动控制阀组相连接;在所述驱动级机体的有杆腔内设置有拉杆式位移传感器,拉杆式位移传感器与活塞杆相平行,拉杆式位移传感器一端固定在转接法兰上,拉杆式位移传感器另一端通过转接架固定在活塞杆上;在所述送料级机体的有杆腔壳体上开设有压力平衡透气孔;在所述送料级机体的无杆腔壳体上分别开设有进料口和出料口;所述进料控制阀通过进料管与进料口相连接,出料控制阀通过出料管与出料口相连接。
所述气动控制阀组包括第一调压阀、第一压力阀、第一排气阀、第二调压阀、第二压力阀及第二排气阀;所述第一调压阀的进气端通过高压输气管与空压机相连,第一调压阀的出气端一路通过第一压力阀与第一通气管相连,另一路通过第一排气阀与大气相连通;所述第二调压阀的进气端通过高压输气管与空压机相连,第二调压阀的出气端一路通过第二压力阀与第二通气管相连,另一路通过第二排气阀与大气相连通;
所述第一调压阀和第二调压阀结构相同,均包括阀体、驱动电机、主动齿轮及从动齿轮;所述驱动电机固装在阀体上,所述主动齿轮固定套装在驱动电机的电机轴上;所述从动齿轮固定套装在阀体的阀芯杆体上,从动齿轮与主动齿轮相啮合;通过驱动电机输出转矩,依次带动主动齿轮及从动齿轮转动,用于调整阀体内阀芯的开度;
所述进料控制阀和出料控制阀结构相同,均包括阀壳、软管、截流杆、舵机、驱动轮及驱动弹簧;所述软管位于阀壳内侧底部,软管两端均连接有转接螺母;所述舵机固装在阀壳顶端,驱动轮偏心固装在舵机的电机轴上;所述截流杆一端顶靠接触在驱动轮的轮盘外周边沿上,截流杆另一端与软管的外管壁顶靠接触配合;所述驱动弹簧位于阀壳内部,驱动弹簧与截流杆相平行,驱动弹簧一端固连在阀壳上,驱动弹簧另一端通过转接杆与截流杆相固连;通过舵机或驱动弹簧带动截流杆做直线运动,用于调整软管管腔的开启和闭合。
当送料控制器采用电机驱动式结构时,所述送料控制器包括送料控制主机、进料控制阀及出料控制阀;所述送料控制主机分为驱动级机体和送料级机体,驱动级机体与送料级机体 通过转接法兰相固连;在所述驱动级机体内设置有驱动盘,在所述送料级机体内设置有送料活塞,送料活塞与送料级机体为密封滑动配合;所述驱动盘与送料活塞之间通过活塞杆相固连,活塞杆贯穿转接法兰,且在活塞杆与转接法兰之间加装有直线轴承;在所述驱动级机体的腔室内设置有拉杆式位移传感器,拉杆式位移传感器与活塞杆相平行,拉杆式位移传感器一端固定在转接法兰上,拉杆式位移传感器另一端固定在驱动盘上;在所述驱动盘上安装有丝母,在丝母内穿装有丝杆,丝杆一端通过轴承与转接法兰相连接,丝杆另一端通过轴承与驱动级机体的底板相连接,且丝杆端部延伸至驱动级机体外部,在位于驱动级机体外部的丝杆端部固定安装有从动齿轮;在所述驱动级机体的底板外侧通过电机支架固装有伺服电机,在伺服电机的电机轴上固定安装有主动齿轮,主动齿轮与从动齿轮相啮合;在所述送料级机体的有杆腔壳体上开设有压力平衡透气孔;在所述送料级机体的无杆腔壳体上分别开设有进料口和出料口;所述进料控制阀通过进料管与进料口相连接,出料控制阀通过出料管与出料口相连接。
所述进料控制阀和出料控制阀结构相同,均包括阀壳、软管、截流杆、舵机、驱动轮及驱动弹簧;所述软管位于阀壳内侧底部,软管两端均连接有转接螺母;所述舵机固装在阀壳顶端,驱动轮偏心固装在舵机的电机轴上;所述截流杆一端顶靠接触在驱动轮的轮盘外周边沿上,截流杆另一端与软管的外管壁顶靠接触配合;所述驱动弹簧位于阀壳内部,驱动弹簧与截流杆相平行,驱动弹簧一端固连在阀壳上,驱动弹簧另一端通过转接杆与截流杆相固连;通过舵机或驱动弹簧带动截流杆做直线运动,用于调整软管管腔的开启和闭合。
所述打印头包括打印头安装板、打印喷嘴快换机构、相似材料供料管、相似材料循环防堵塞机构及相似材料冲洗净化防堵塞机构;所述打印喷嘴快换机构包括打印喷嘴快换驱动电机、电机安装架、管道转接盘及打印喷嘴转接盘,管道转接盘固装在电机安装架上;所述相似材料供料管一端通过第一控制阀接入相似材料,相似材料供料管另一端通过管道密封圈水平固装在管道转接盘上,且在管道密封圈与管道转接盘之间加装有顶紧弹簧;所述打印喷嘴快换驱动电机固装在电机安装架上,打印喷嘴快换驱动电机的电机轴穿过管道转接盘的中小孔与打印喷嘴转接盘的圆心相固连;在所述打印喷嘴转接盘的盘面上均匀分布有三个打印喷嘴,打印喷嘴的尾部管体通过喷嘴密封圈水平固装在打印喷嘴转接盘上,打印喷嘴的嘴部管体与尾部管体相垂直;所述相似材料循环防堵塞机构包括相似材料循环进料管、相似材料循环回料管及相似材料循环料管快接机构;所述相似材料循环进料管一端通过第二控制阀接入相似材料,相似材料循环进料管另一端通过管道密封圈水平固装在管道转接盘上,且在管道密封圈与管道转接盘之间加装有顶紧弹簧;所述相似材料循环回料管一端通过相似材料循环料管快接机构与打印喷嘴密封连通,相似材料循环回料管另一端导出相似材料并返回相似材 料的供料源;所述相似材料冲洗净化防堵塞机构包括进水管、出水管及水管快接机构;所述进水管一端通过第三控制阀与供水源相接,进水管另一端通过管道密封圈水平固装在管道转接盘上,且在管道密封圈与管道转接盘之间加装有顶紧弹簧;所述出水管一端通过水管快接机构与打印喷嘴密封连通,出水管另一端接入污水处理系统。
三个所述打印喷嘴的喷嘴孔径各不相同,喷嘴孔径最小的打印喷嘴的打印精度最高,喷嘴孔径居中的打印喷嘴的打印精度次之,喷嘴孔径最大的打印喷嘴的打印精度最低;
所述相似材料循环料管快接机构与水管快接机构结构相同,均包括软管、打印喷嘴对接管、对接驱动电机、丝母、丝杆、对接管转接架及对接驱动电机固定架;所述打印喷嘴对接管一端通过软管与相似材料循环回料管或出水管相连接,打印喷嘴对接管与打印喷嘴压接配合;所述对接驱动电机通过对接驱动电机固定架与打印头安装板相固连,丝杆与对接驱动电机的电机轴相固连,丝母套装在丝杆上,且丝母固装在对接管转接架上,对接管转接架固连在打印喷嘴对接管上;在所述对接驱动电机固定架上安装有转接架导向杆,且转接架导向杆与丝杆相平行。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明的大型复杂地质物理模型3D成型系统,包含了全新设计的3D成型机、搅拌机、送料控制器及打印头;3D成型机适用于由水泥、石膏、砂子、铁粉及重晶石等组成岩体相似材料,在物理模型制作过程中可以对密实度进行调整,满足同时打印两种以上材料的要求;搅拌机采用了整体密封设计以及增加了除尘功能,有效避免岩体相似材料在搅拌过程中产生散逸的浮尘,保证实验室内环境的洁净,岩体相似材料的上料和搅拌实现了全自动化,无需人工干预,有效降低了操作人员的劳动强度,在岩体相似材料搅拌过程中增加了过滤功能,有效将粒径偏大的颗粒从岩体相似材料中剔除,杜绝了打印头阻塞的问题,保证了打印工作的连贯性;送料控制器可用于代替传统的螺旋式输送机和柱塞式输送机,其能够精确额控制出料量,且出料量的可调能力强,当泵送工作结束后,送料控制器可进行拆卸,更加方便清洗;打印头能够根据实际打印需要而快速调节打印精度,同时具备了打印头的防堵塞功能,在暂停打印的期间,可根据暂停时间的长短,启用相似材料循环防堵塞功能或相似材料冲洗净化防堵塞功能。
图1为本发明的3D成型机结构示意图;
图2为三轴模型打印组件的结构示意图;
图3为模型承载与转运组件的结构示意图;
[根据细则91更正 22.05.2018]
图4为图1中I部放大图;
图4为图1中I部放大图;
图5为X向水平移动部件的结构示意图;
图中,A1—打印框架,A2—支撑框架,A3—模型成型围板,A4—围板升降驱动缸,A5—模型承载转运台,A6—转运框架,A7—第一导轨,A8—第二导轨,A9—行走轮,A10—承载转运台驱动缸,A11—螺栓锁具,A12—第三导轨,A13—导轨基座,A14—转运滑块,A15—转运框架驱动缸,A16—Z向升降梁,A17—Z向升降驱动电机,A18—Z向丝杠,A19—Z向导杆,A20—Y向水平移动驱动电机,A21—Y向水平移动梁,A22—Y向水平移动板,A23—Y向齿条导轨,A24—Y向滑块,A25—X向水平移动驱动电机,A26—X向水平移动板,A27—X向齿条导轨,A28—X向驱动齿轮,A29—X向滑块,A30—模型压实气缸,A31—模型压实辊,A32—物理模型;
图6为本发明的搅拌机的结构示意图;
图7为搅拌组件的结构示意图;
图8为供料组件的结构示意图;
图9为供水组件的结构示意图;
图10为相似材料储料称重组件的结构示意图;
图11为外加剂储料称重组件的结构示意图;
图12为除尘组件的结构示意图;
图13为过滤组件的结构示意图;
图14为排料组件的结构示意图;
图中,B1—搅拌组件,B2—供料组件,B3—供水组件,B4—相似材料储料称重组件,B5—外加剂储料称重组件,B6—除尘组件,B7—过滤组件,B8—排料组件,B9—搅拌罐,B10—搅拌驱动电机,B11—搅拌驱动轴,B12—搅拌叶片,B13—粗料搅拌腔室,B14—精料搅拌腔室,B15—进水口,B16—除尘透气孔,B17—外加剂进料口,B18—相似材料进料口,B19—压力平衡透气孔,B20—相似材料出料口,B21—相似材料储罐,B22—相似材料进料管,B23—螺旋输送机,B24—进水管,B25—电控开关阀,B26—流量计,B27—相似材料储料筒,B28—相似材料排料驱动电机,B29—相似材料排料驱动轴,B30—相似材料排料驱动螺旋叶片,B31—相似材料储料筒承重支撑弹簧,B32—相似材料储料筒称重传感器,B33—柔性密封管,B34—外加剂储料筒,B35—外加剂排料驱动电机,B36—外加剂排料驱动轴,B37—外加剂排料驱动螺旋叶片,B38—外加剂储料筒承重支撑弹簧,B39—外加剂储料筒称重传感器,B40—外加剂装填口,B41—装填口盖板,B42—集尘箱,B43—除尘透气膜,B44—含尘气流进入口,B45—粗过滤网,B46—精过滤网,B47—滤除颗粒隔离筒,B48—精料进料管,B49—精料排料管,B50—过滤驱动泵,B51—精料控制阀,B52—相似材料排料管,B53—排料驱动泵, B54—排料控制阀;
图15为本发明的气泵驱动式送料控制器结构示意图;
图16为送料控制主机(气泵驱动式送料控制器)的结构示意图;
图17为气动控制阀组的结构示意图;
图18为第一调压阀/第二调压阀的结构示意图;
图19为进料控制阀/出料控制阀(气泵驱动式送料控制器)的结构示意图;
图中,C1—空压机,C2—气动控制阀组,C3—送料控制主机,C4—进料控制阀,C5—出料控制阀,C6—驱动级机体,C7—送料级机体,C8—驱动级活塞,C9—送料级活塞,C10—活塞杆,C11—直线轴承,C12—驱动级机体的有杆腔,C13—第一通气口,C14—第一通气管,C15—驱动级机体的无杆腔,C16—第二通气口,C17—第二通气管,C18—高压输气管,C19—拉杆式位移传感器,C20—转接架,C21—送料级机体的有杆腔,C22—压力平衡透气孔,C23—送料级机体的无杆腔,C24—进料口,C25—出料口,C26—进料管,C27—出料管,C28—第一调压阀,C29—第一压力阀,C30—第一排气阀,C31—第二调压阀,C32—第二压力阀,C33—第二排气阀,C34—阀体,C35—驱动电机,C36—主动齿轮,C37—从动齿轮,C38—阀壳,C39—软管,C40—截流杆,C41—舵机,C42—驱动轮,C43—驱动弹簧,C44—转接螺母,C45—转接杆,C46—转接法兰,C47—快速接头;
图20为本发明的电机驱动式送料控制器的结构示意图;
图21为送料控制主机(电机驱动式送料控制器)的结构示意图;
图22为进料控制阀/出料控制阀(电机驱动式送料控制器)的结构示意图;
图中,D1—送料控制主机,D2—进料控制阀,D3—出料控制阀,D4—驱动级机体,D5—送料级机体,D6—转接法兰,D7—驱动盘,D8—送料活塞,D9—活塞杆,D10—直线轴承,D11—驱动级机体的腔室,D12—拉杆式位移传感器,D13—丝母,D14—丝杆,D15—从动齿轮,D16—电机支架,D17—伺服电机,D18—主动齿轮,D19—送料级机体的有杆腔,D20—压力平衡透气孔,D21—送料级机体的无杆腔,D22—进料口,D23—出料口,D24—进料管,D25—出料管,D26—阀壳,D27—软管,D28—截流杆,D29—舵机,D30—驱动轮,D31—驱动弹簧,D32—转接螺母,D33—转接杆,D34—快速接头;
图23为本发明的打印头的结构示意图;
[根据细则91更正 22.05.2018]
图24为图23中A-A剖视图;
图24为图23中A-A剖视图;
[根据细则91更正 22.05.2018]
图25为图23中B-B剖视图;
图25为图23中B-B剖视图;
图中,E1—打印头安装板,E2—打印喷嘴快换结构,E3—相似材料供料管,E4—相似材料循环防堵塞机构,E5—相似材料冲洗净化防堵塞机构,E6—打印喷嘴快换驱动电机,E7— 电机安装架,E8—管道转接盘,E9—打印喷嘴转接盘,E10—第一控制阀,E11—管道密封圈,E12—顶紧弹簧,E13—打印喷嘴,E14—喷嘴密封圈,E15—相似材料循环进料管,E16—相似材料循环回料管,E17—相似材料循环料管快接机构,E18—第二控制阀,E19—进水管,E20—出水管,E21—水管快接机构,E22—第三控制阀,E23—软管,E24—打印喷嘴对接管,E25—对接驱动电机,E26—丝母,E27—丝杆,E28—对接管转接架,E29—对接驱动电机固定架,E30—转接架导向杆,E31—快速接头。
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明。
一种大型复杂地质物理模型3D成型系统,包括3D成型机、搅拌机、送料控制器、打印头及控制台;所述打印头安装在3D成型机上,打印头通过送料控制器与搅拌机相连,通过控制台对搅拌、送料及打印过程进行统一控制;所述送料控制器包括两种结构形式,分别为气泵驱动式结构和电机驱动式结构;
如图1~5所示,所述3D成型机包括三轴模型打印组件及模型承载与转运组件;所述三轴模型打印组件包括打印框架A1、Z向升降部件、Y向水平移动部件、X向水平移动部件及打印头;所述Z向升降部件安装在打印框架A1内,Y向水平移动部件安装在Z向升降部件上,X向水平移动部件安装在Y向水平移动部件上,X向水平移动部件上用于安装打印头;所述模型承载与转运组件包括支撑框架A2、模型成型围板A3、围板升降驱动缸A4、模型承载转运台A5及转运框架A6;所述三轴模型打印组件通过打印框架A1固装在支撑框架A2上,支撑框架A2固装在地基上,在地基内分别设置有围板基坑和升降驱动缸基坑,所述模型成型围板A3位于围板基坑内,所述围板升降驱动缸A4位于升降驱动缸基坑内,围板升降驱动缸A4的活塞杆固连在模型成型围板A3上,通过活塞杆的伸缩动作驱动模型成型围板A3进行升降;在所述支撑框架A2的顶部安装有第一导轨A7,在所述转运框架A6的顶部安装有第二导轨A8,第一导轨A7与第二导轨A8对接配合,第一导轨A7与第二导轨A8对接后互为各自的延长导轨;在所述模型承载转运台A5下部安装有行走轮A9,模型承载转运台A5通过行走轮A9沿第一导轨A7和第二导轨A8直线移动;在所述模型承载转运台A5与转运框架A6之间连接有承载转运台驱动缸A10,承载转运台驱动缸A10与第一导轨A7及第二导轨A8相平行,承载转运台驱动缸A10的缸筒固连在转运框架A6上,承载转运台驱动缸A10的活塞杆通过螺栓锁具A11与模型承载转运台A5相连,通过活塞杆的伸缩动作驱动模型承载转运台A5进行直线移动;所述转运框架A6下方的地面上设置有第三导轨A12,第三导轨A12通过导轨基座A13固装在地面上,第三导轨A12与第一导轨A7及第二导轨A8相垂直,在转运框架A6底部安装有滑块A14,转运框架A6通过转运滑块A14沿第三导轨A12直线移动;在所述转运框架A6 与导轨基座A13之间连接有转运框架驱动缸A15,转运框架驱动缸A15与第三导轨A12相平行,转运框架驱动缸A15的缸筒固连在导轨基座A13上,转运框架驱动缸A15的活塞杆与转运框架A6相连接,通过活塞杆的伸缩动作驱动转运框架A6进行直线移动。所述Z向升降部件包括Z向升降梁A16、Z向升降驱动电机A17、Z向丝杠A18、Z向丝母及Z向导杆A19;所述Z向丝杠A18竖直安装在打印框架A1上,Z向丝杠A18上端通过轴承与打印框架A1相连,Z向丝杠A18下端与Z向升降驱动电机A17相连,Z向升降驱动电机A17固装在打印框架A1上;所述Z向丝母套装在Z向丝杠A18上,所述Z向升降梁A16与Z向丝母固装在一起,Z向升降梁A16通过Z向丝母沿Z向丝杠A18直线移动;所述Z向导杆A19安装在Z向丝杠A18侧部,Z向导杆A19与Z向丝杠A18相平行,在所述Z向升降梁A16开设有Z向导杆导向孔;所述Y向水平移动部件包括Y向水平移动驱动电机A20、Y向水平移动梁A21、Y向水平移动板A22、Y向齿条导轨A23、Y向驱动齿轮及Y向滑块A24;所述Y向齿条导轨A23固装在Z向升降梁A16上,Y向齿条导轨A23与Z向丝杠A18相垂直;所述Y向水平移动板A22通过Y向滑块A24安装在Y向齿条导轨A23的导轨部分上,Y向水平移动板A22通过Y向滑块A24沿Y向齿条导轨A23直线移动;所述Y向水平移动驱动电机A20固装在Y向水平移动板A22上,所述Y向驱动齿轮与Y向水平移动驱动电机A20的电机轴相连,且Y向驱动齿轮与Y向齿条导轨A23的齿条部分相啮合;所述Y向水平移动梁A21固装在Y向水平移动板A22上;所述X向水平移动部件包括X向水平移动驱动电机A25、X向水平移动板A26、X向齿条导轨A27、X向驱动齿轮A28及X向滑块A29;所述X向齿条导轨A27固装在Y向水平移动梁A21上,X向齿条导轨A27与Y向齿条导轨A23相垂直;所述X向水平移动板A26通过X向滑块A29安装在X向齿条导轨A27的导轨部分上,X向水平移动板A26通过X向滑块A29沿X向齿条导轨A27直线移动;所述X向水平移动驱动电机A25固装在X向水平移动板A26上,所述X向驱动齿轮A28与X向水平移动驱动电机A25的电机轴相连,且X向驱动齿轮A28与X向齿条导轨A27的齿条部分相啮合;所述X向水平移动板A26用于安装打印头,打印头数量至少为两个;在所述Y向水平移动板A22上安装有模型压实气缸A30,模型压实气缸A30竖直设置且活塞杆朝下,在模型压实气缸A30的活塞杆端部水平安装有模型压实辊A31。
如图6~14所示,所述搅拌机包括搅拌组件B1、供料组件B2、供水组件B3、相似材料储料称重组件B4、外加剂储料称重组件B5、除尘组件B6、过滤组件B7及排料组件B8;所述供料组件B2通过相似材料储料称重组件B4向搅拌组件B1中输入相似材料,所述供水组件B3用于向搅拌组件B1内输入清水,所述外加剂储料称重组件B5用于向搅拌组件B1内输入外加剂,所述除尘组件B6用于去除相似材料制备时所产生的浮尘,所述过滤组件B7用于去除相似材料中粒径超标的颗粒,所述排料组件B8用于将搅拌好的相似材料输送给送料控制 器。所述搅拌组件B1包括搅拌罐B9、搅拌驱动电机B10、搅拌驱动轴B11及搅拌叶片B12;在所述搅拌罐B9内竖直设置有两个独立的搅拌腔室,上层的搅拌腔室为粗料搅拌腔室B13,下层的搅拌腔室为精料搅拌腔室B14,且粗料搅拌腔室B13与精料搅拌腔室B14之间通过过滤组件B7相连通;所述搅拌驱动轴B11竖直贯穿整个搅拌罐B9,搅拌驱动轴B11顶端通过轴承与搅拌罐B9顶板相连接,搅拌驱动轴B11底端通过轴承与搅拌罐B9底板相连接,且搅拌驱动轴B11的底端延伸出搅拌罐B9的罐体;所述搅拌驱动电机B10竖直固装在搅拌罐B9底板上,且搅拌驱动电机B10的电机轴与搅拌驱动轴B11相固连;所述搅拌叶片B12数量为两个,两个搅拌叶片B12分别位于粗料搅拌腔室B13及精料搅拌腔室B14内,且两个搅拌叶片B12均固装在搅拌驱动轴B11上;在所述搅拌罐B9顶板上分别开设有进水口B15、除尘透气孔B16、外加剂进料口B17及相似材料进料口B18,通过除尘透气孔B16安装有除尘组件B6;在所述粗料搅拌腔室B13对应的搅拌罐B9侧壁上开设有压力平衡透气孔B19;在所述搅拌罐B9底板上开设有相似材料出料口B20;所述供料组件B2包括相似材料储罐B21、相似材料进料管B22及螺旋输送机B23;所述相似材料进料管B22与相似材料储罐B21罐体顶部相连通,所述相似材料储罐B21罐体底部与螺旋输送机B23的进料端相连通,螺旋输送机B23的出料端通过相似材料储料称重组件B4与搅拌罐B9的粗料搅拌腔室B13相通;在所述相似材料储罐B21的顶板上开设有除尘透气孔,通过除尘透气孔安装有除尘组件;所述供水组件B3包括进水管B24、电控开关阀B25及流量计B26;所述进水管B24一端与水源相连通,进水管B24另一端与搅拌罐B9顶板上的进水口B15相连通;所述电控开关阀B25及流量计B26均安装在进水管B24的管体上,电控开关阀B25通过自动控制方式进行开阀和关阀动作,通过流量计B26实时监测进水管B24内的水流量;所述相似材料储料称重组件B4包括相似材料储料筒B27、相似材料排料驱动电机B28、相似材料排料驱动轴B29、相似材料排料驱动螺旋叶片B30、相似材料储料筒承重支撑弹簧B31及相似材料储料筒称重传感器B32;所述相似材料储料筒B27的筒体顶端通过柔性密封管B33与螺旋输送机B23的出料端相连通,相似材料储料筒B27的筒体底部与搅拌罐B9顶板上的相似材料进料口B18相连通;所述相似材料排料驱动轴B29竖直贯穿整个相似材料储料筒B27,相似材料排料驱动轴B29顶端通过轴承与相似材料储料筒B27顶板相连接,且相似材料排料驱动轴B29的顶端延伸出相似材料储料筒B27的筒体;所述相似材料排料驱动电机B28竖直固装在相似材料储料筒B27顶板上,且相似材料排料驱动电机B28的电机轴与相似材料排料驱动轴B29相固连;所述相似材料排料驱动螺旋叶片B30设置在相似材料排料驱动轴B29底端,且相似材料排料驱动螺旋叶片B30位于搅拌罐B9顶板上的相似材料进料口B18内;所述相似材料储料筒B27通过相似材料储料筒承重支撑弹簧B31安装在搅拌罐B9顶板上,且相似材料储料筒称重传感器B32固连在相似材料储 料筒承重支撑弹簧B31与搅拌罐B9顶板之间;在所述相似材料储料筒B27的顶板上开设有除尘透气孔,通过除尘透气孔安装有除尘组件;所述外加剂储料称重组件B5包括外加剂储料筒B34、外加剂排料驱动电机B35、外加剂排料驱动轴B36、外加剂排料驱动螺旋叶片B37、外加剂储料筒承重支撑弹簧B38及外加剂储料筒称重传感器B39;所述外加剂储料筒B34的筒体顶端开设有外加剂装填口B40,在外加剂装填口B40处设置有装填口盖板B41;所述外加剂排料驱动轴B36竖直贯穿整个外加剂储料筒B34,外加剂排料驱动轴B36顶端通过轴承与外加剂储料筒B34顶板相连接,且外加剂排料驱动轴B36的顶端延伸出外加剂储料筒B34的筒体;所述外加剂排料驱动电机B35竖直固装在外加剂储料筒B34顶板上,且外加剂排料驱动电机B35的电机轴与外加剂排料驱动轴B36相固连;所述外加剂排料驱动螺旋叶片B37设置在外加剂排料驱动轴B36底端,且外加剂排料驱动螺旋叶片B37位于搅拌罐B9顶板上的外加剂进料口B17内;所述外加剂储料筒B34通过外加剂储料筒承重支撑弹簧B38安装在搅拌罐B9顶板上,且外加剂储料筒称重传感器B39固连在外加剂储料筒承重支撑弹簧B38与搅拌罐B9顶板之间;在外加剂储料筒B34的顶板上开设有除尘透气孔,通过除尘透气孔安装有除尘组件;所述除尘组件B6包括集尘箱B42和除尘透气膜B43,集尘箱B42的底端开设有含尘气流进入口B44,集尘箱B42的顶端开设有无尘气流排出口,所述除尘透气膜B43安装在无尘气流排出口上;所述过滤组件B7包括粗过滤网B45、精过滤网B46、滤除颗粒隔离筒B47、精料进料管B48、精料排料管B49及过滤驱动泵B50;所述滤除颗粒隔离筒B47安装在粗过滤网B45与精过滤网B46之间,滤除颗粒隔离筒B47通过粗过滤网B45与搅拌罐B9的粗料搅拌腔室B13相连通;所述过滤驱动泵B50位于搅拌罐B9外部,所述精料进料管B48一端密封穿过搅拌罐B9的侧壁,并通过精过滤网B46与滤除颗粒隔离筒B47相连通,精料进料管B48另一端与过滤驱动泵B50的进料端相连接;所述精料排料管B49一端与过滤驱动泵B50的排料端相连接,精料排料管B49另一端密封穿过搅拌罐B9的侧壁与精料搅拌腔室B14相连通;在所述精料进料管B48的管体上安装有精料控制阀B51,精料控制阀B51通过自动控制方式进行开阀和关阀动作;所述排料组件B8包括相似材料排料管B52及排料驱动泵B53,相似材料排料管B52一端与搅拌罐B9底板上的相似材料出料口B20相连通,相似材料排料管B52另一端与排料驱动泵B53的进料端相连接,排料驱动泵B53的排料端与送料控制器相连通;在所述相似材料排料管B52的管体上安装有排料控制阀B54,排料控制阀54通过自动控制方式进行开阀和关阀动作。
如图15~19所示,当送料控制器采用气泵驱动式结构时,所述送料控制器包括空压机C1、气动控制阀组C2、送料控制主机C3、进料控制阀C4及出料控制阀C5;所述送料控制主机C3分为驱动级机体C6和送料级机体C7,驱动级机体C6与送料级机体C7之间通过转接法 兰C46相固连;在所述驱动级机体C6内设置有驱动级活塞C8,驱动级活塞C8与驱动级机体C6为密封滑动配合;在所述送料级机体C7内设置有送料级活塞C9,送料级活塞C9与送料级机体C7为密封滑动配合;所述驱动级活塞C8与送料级活塞C9之间通过活塞杆C10相固连,活塞杆C10密封贯穿转接法兰C46,且在活塞杆C10与转接法兰C46之间加装有直线轴承C11;在所述驱动级机体C6的有杆腔C12壳体上开设有第一通气口C13,所述气动控制阀组C2通过第一通气管C14与第一通气口C13相连接;在所述驱动级机体C6的无杆腔C15壳体上开设有第二通气口C16,所述气动控制阀组C2通过第二通气管C17与第二通气口C16相连接;所述空压机C1通过高压输气管C18与气动控制阀组C2相连接;在所述驱动级机体C6的有杆腔C12内设置有拉杆式位移传感器C19,拉杆式位移传感器C19与活塞杆C10相平行,拉杆式位移传感器C19一端固定在转接法兰C46上,拉杆式位移传感器C19另一端通过转接架C20固定在活塞杆C10上;在所述送料级机体C7的有杆腔C21壳体上开设有压力平衡透气孔C22;在所述送料级机体C7的无杆腔C23壳体上分别开设有进料口C24和出料口C25;所述进料控制阀C4通过进料管C26与进料口C24相连接,出料控制阀C5通过出料管C27与出料口C25相连接。所述气动控制阀组C2包括第一调压阀C28、第一压力阀C29、第一排气阀C30、第二调压阀C31、第二压力阀C32及第二排气阀C33;所述第一调压阀C28的进气端通过高压输气管C18与空压机C1相连,第一调压阀C28的出气端一路通过第一压力阀C29与第一通气管C14相连,另一路通过第一排气阀C30与大气相连通;所述第二调压阀C31的进气端通过高压输气管C18与空压机C1相连,第二调压阀C31的出气端一路通过第二压力阀C32与第二通气管C17相连,另一路通过第二排气阀C33与大气相连通;所述第一调压阀C28和第二调压阀C31结构相同,均包括阀体C34、驱动电机C35、主动齿轮C36及从动齿轮C37;所述驱动电机C35固装在阀体C34上,所述主动齿轮C36固定套装在驱动电机C35的电机轴上;所述从动齿轮C37固定套装在阀体C34的阀芯杆体上,从动齿轮C37与主动齿轮C36相啮合;通过驱动电机C35输出转矩,依次带动主动齿轮C36及从动齿轮C37转动,用于调整阀体C34内阀芯的开度;所述进料控制阀C4和出料控制阀C5结构相同,均包括阀壳C38、软管C39、截流杆C40、舵机C41、驱动轮C42及驱动弹簧C43;所述软管C39位于阀壳C38内侧底部,软管C39两端均连接有转接螺母C44;所述舵机C41固装在阀壳C38顶端,驱动轮C42偏心固装在舵机C41的电机轴上;所述截流杆C40一端顶靠接触在驱动轮C42的轮盘外周边沿上,截流杆C40另一端与软管C39的外管壁顶靠接触配合;所述驱动弹簧C43位于阀壳C38内部,驱动弹簧C43与截流杆C40相平行,驱动弹簧C43一端固连在阀壳C38上,驱动弹簧C43另一端通过转接杆C45与截流杆C40相固连;通过舵机C41或驱动弹簧C43带动截流杆做直线运动,用于调整软管C39管腔的开启和闭合。
如图20~22所示,当送料控制器采用电机驱动式结构时,所述送料控制器包括送料控制主机D1、进料控制阀D2及出料控制阀D3;所述送料控制主机D1分为驱动级机体D4和送料级机体D5,驱动级机体D4与送料级机体D5通过转接法兰D6相固连;在所述驱动级机体D4内设置有驱动盘D7,在所述送料级机体D5内设置有送料活塞D8,送料活塞D8与送料级机体D5为密封滑动配合;所述驱动盘D7与送料活塞D8之间通过活塞杆D9相固连,活塞杆D9贯穿转接法兰D7,且在活塞杆D9与转接法兰D7之间加装有直线轴承D10;在所述驱动级机体D4的腔室D11内设置有拉杆式位移传感器D12,拉杆式位移传感器D12与活塞杆D9相平行,拉杆式位移传感器D12一端固定在转接法兰D6上,拉杆式位移传感器另一端固定在驱动盘D7上;在所述驱动盘D7上安装有丝母D13,在丝母D13内穿装有丝杆D14,丝杆D14一端通过轴承与转接法兰D6相连接,丝杆D14另一端通过轴承与驱动级机体D4的底板相连接,且丝杆D14端部延伸至驱动级机体D4外部,在位于驱动级机体D4外部的丝杆D14端部固定安装有从动齿轮D15;在所述驱动级机体D4的底板外侧通过电机支架D16固装有伺服电机D17,在伺服电机D17的电机轴上固定安装有主动齿轮D18,主动齿轮D18与从动齿轮D15相啮合;在所述送料级机体D5的有杆腔D19壳体上开设有压力平衡透气孔D20;在所述送料级机体D5的无杆腔D21壳体上分别开设有进料口D22和出料口D23;所述进料控制阀D2通过进料管D24与进料口D22相连接,出料控制阀D3通过出料管D25与出料口D23相连接。所述进料控制阀D2和出料控制阀D3结构相同,均包括阀壳D26、软管D27、截流杆D28、舵机D29、驱动轮D30及驱动弹簧D31;所述软管D27位于阀壳D26内侧底部,软管D27两端均连接有转接螺母D32;所述舵机D29固装在阀壳D26顶端,驱动轮D30偏心固装在舵机D29的电机轴上;所述截流杆D28一端顶靠接触在驱动轮D30的轮盘外周边沿上,截流杆D28另一端与软管D27的外管壁顶靠接触配合;所述驱动弹簧D31位于阀壳D26内部,驱动弹簧D31与截流杆D28相平行,驱动弹簧D31一端固连在阀壳D26上,驱动弹簧D31另一端通过转接杆D33与截流杆D28相固连;通过舵机D29或驱动弹簧D31带动截流杆D28做直线运动,用于调整软管D27管腔的开启和闭合。
如图23~25所示,所述打印头包括打印头安装板E1、打印喷嘴快换机构E2、相似材料供料管E3、相似材料循环防堵塞机构E4及相似材料冲洗净化防堵塞机构E5;所述打印喷嘴快换机构E2包括打印喷嘴快换驱动电机E6、电机安装架E7、管道转接盘E8及打印喷嘴转接盘E9,管道转接盘E8固装在电机安装架E7上;所述相似材料供料管E3一端通过第一控制阀E10接入相似材料,相似材料供料管E3另一端通过管道密封圈E11水平固装在管道转接盘E8上,且在管道密封圈E11与管道转接盘E8之间加装有顶紧弹簧E12;所述打印喷嘴快换驱动电机E6固装在电机安装架E7上,打印喷嘴快换驱动电机E6的电机轴穿过管道转接盘E8 的中小孔与打印喷嘴转接盘E9的圆心相固连;在所述打印喷嘴转接盘E9的盘面上均匀分布有三个打印喷嘴E13,打印喷嘴E13的尾部管体通过喷嘴密封圈E14水平固装在打印喷嘴转接盘E9上,打印喷嘴E13的嘴部管体与尾部管体相垂直;所述相似材料循环防堵塞机构E4包括相似材料循环进料管E15、相似材料循环回料管E16及相似材料循环料管快接机构E17;所述相似材料循环进料管E15一端通过第二控制阀E18接入相似材料,相似材料循环进料管E15另一端通过管道密封圈E11水平固装在管道转接盘E8上,且在管道密封圈E11与管道转接盘E8之间加装有顶紧弹簧E12;所述相似材料循环回料管E16一端通过相似材料循环料管快接机构E17与打印喷嘴E13密封连通,相似材料循环回料管E16另一端导出相似材料并返回相似材料的供料源;所述相似材料冲洗净化防堵塞机构E5包括进水管E19、出水管E20及水管快接机构E21;所述进水管E19一端通过第三控制阀E22与供水源相接,进水管E19另一端通过管道密封圈E11水平固装在管道转接盘E8上,且在管道密封圈E11与管道转接盘E8之间加装有顶紧弹簧E12;所述出水管E20一端通过水管快接机构E21与打印喷嘴E13密封连通,出水管E20另一端接入污水处理系统。三个所述打印喷嘴E13的喷嘴孔径各不相同,喷嘴孔径最小的打印喷嘴E13的打印精度最高,喷嘴孔径居中的打印喷嘴E13的打印精度次之,喷嘴孔径最大的打印喷嘴E13的打印精度最低;所述相似材料循环料管快接机构E17与水管快接机构E21结构相同,均包括软管E23、打印喷嘴对接管E24、对接驱动电机E25、丝母E26、丝杆E27、对接管转接架E28及对接驱动电机固定架E29;所述打印喷嘴对接管E24一端通过软管E23与相似材料循环回料管E16或出水管E20相连接,打印喷嘴对接管E24与打印喷嘴E13压接配合;所述对接驱动电机E25通过对接驱动电机固定架E29与打印头安装板E1相固连,丝杆E27与对接驱动电机E25的电机轴相固连,丝母E26套装在丝杆E27上,且丝母E26固装在对接管转接架E28上,对接管转接架E28固连在打印喷嘴对接管E24上;在所述对接驱动电机固定架E29上安装有转接架导向杆E30,且转接架导向杆E30与丝杆E27相平行。
下面结合附图说明本发明的一次应用过程:
首先需要通过搅拌机中进行制料。先在混料场内将相似材料混合均匀,然后由泵车通过相似材料进料管B22将相似材料输送至相似材料储罐B21内,再通过螺旋输送机B23将相似材料储罐B21内的相似材料输送至相似材料储料称重组件B4的相似材料储料筒B27内。打开外加剂储料称重组件B5中外加剂储料筒B34的装填口盖板B41,通过外加剂装填口B40将外加剂倒入外加剂储料筒B34内,然后关闭装填口盖板B41。对加水量、外加剂添加量和相似材料添加量进行设定。开启供水组件B3内的电控开关阀B25,进而向搅拌组件B1的搅拌罐B9内注入清水,同时通过流量计B26实时监测进水管B24内的水流量,当加水量达到设定值 后,电控开关阀B25关闭,进水过程结束。启动搅拌组件B1内的搅拌驱动电机B10,通过搅拌驱动轴B11带动搅拌叶片B12转动。启动外加剂储料称重组件B5内的外加剂排料驱动电机B35,通过外加剂排料驱动轴B36带动外加剂排料驱动螺旋叶片B37转动,从而将外加剂储料筒B34内的外加剂不断的输送至搅拌组件B1的搅拌罐B9内,同时通过外加剂储料筒称重传感器B39实时监测外加剂储料称重组件B5的质量变化,而外加剂储料称重组件B5减少的质量就等于落入搅拌罐B9内外加剂的质量,直到外加剂的添加量到设定值后,关闭外加剂排料驱动电机B35,外加剂的添加过程结束。启动相似材料储料称重组件B4内的相似材料排料驱动电机B28,通过相似材料排料驱动轴B29带动相似材料排料驱动螺旋叶片B30转动,从而将相似材料储料筒B27内的相似材料不断的输送至搅拌组件B1的搅拌罐B9内,同时通过相似材料储料筒称重传感器B32实时监测相似材料储料称重组件B4的质量变化,而相似材料储料称重组件B4减少的质量就等于落入搅拌罐B9内相似材料的质量,直到相似材料的添加量到设定值后,关闭相似材料排料驱动电机B28,相似材料的添加过程结束。由于相似材料的添加量会比较大,而相似材料储料筒B27的容积有限,因此需要整筒的往复添加多次,只有在最后一次添加时才进行差量补充。在搅拌叶片B12的作用下,位于搅拌罐B9粗料搅拌腔室B13内的相似材料被逐渐搅拌成浆料状态,当达到标准后,则开启过滤组件B7的精料控制阀B51,同时启动过滤驱动泵B50,浆料状态的相似材料将通过粗过滤网B45首先进入滤除颗粒隔离筒B47,再依次经过精过滤网B46、精料进料管B48、过滤驱动泵B50及精料排料管B49进入搅拌罐B9的精料搅拌腔室B14内,由精过滤网B46过滤下来的粒径超标的颗粒将被截留在滤除颗粒隔离筒B47内。完成过滤后的相似材料浆料继续在精料搅拌腔室B14内保持搅拌状态,当3D成型机需要执行打印工作时,则开启排料组件B8的排料控制阀B54,同时启动排料驱动泵B53,搅拌好的相似材料将依次通过相似材料排料管B52及排料驱动泵B53输送至送料控制器,进而再供给打印头进行使用。当3D成型机完成打印工作后,将供水组件B3的电控开关阀B25、过滤组件B7的精料控制阀B51以及排料组件B8的排料控制阀B54均调整到开启状态,利用供水组件B3输出的清水对搅拌组件B1、过滤组件B7及排料组件B8进行彻底的清洗,保证搅拌机可以后续正常使用。
当采用气泵驱动式送料控制器时,首先启动进料控制阀C4的舵机C41,带动驱动轮C42偏心转动,并在驱动弹簧C43作用下使截流杆C40向上移动,从而使软管C39的管腔完全开启;同时,启动出料控制阀C5的舵机C41,进而将驱动轮C42偏心转动转换为截流杆C40的直线运动,以使截流杆C40向下移动,从而将软管C39的管腔完全闭合。此时,进料控制阀C4处于开启状态,而出料控制阀C5处于关闭状态。启动空压机C1,同时开启第一调压阀C28、第一压力阀C29、第二压力阀C32及第二排气阀C33,并关闭第一排气阀C30和第二调压阀 C31;此时空压机C1输出的高压空气将依次通过第一调压阀C28、第一压力阀C29及第一通气管C14进入驱动级机体C6的有杆腔C12内,同时驱动级机体C6的无杆腔C15内的空气将依次通过第二通气管C17、第二压力阀C32及第二排气阀C33排入大气中。随着空压机C1的持续供气,驱动级机体C6的有杆腔C12压力逐渐增大,并推动驱动级活塞C8向无杆腔移动,而驱动级活塞C8的移动距离直接通过拉杆式位移传感器C19实时测量。随着驱动级活塞C8的移动,将同步带动活塞杆C10及送料级活塞C9移动,进而使送料级机体C7的有杆腔C21被压缩,而腔内空气将直接通过压力平衡透气孔C22排入大气中,同时送料级机体C7的无杆腔C23将呈现负压,且在负压作用下,相似材料将被吸入送料级机体C7的无杆腔C23中,直到拉杆式位移传感器C19监测的活塞移动距离达到设定值,此时关闭第一调压阀C28,进料过程结束。接下来执行出料过程,首先关闭进料控制阀C4,并开启出料控制阀C5,同时开启第二调压阀C31和第一排气阀C30,同时关闭第二排气阀C33;此时空压机C1输出的高压空气将依次通过第二调压阀C31、第二压力阀C32及第二通气管C17进入驱动级机体C6的无杆腔C15内,同时驱动级机体C6的有杆腔C12内的空气将依次通过第一通气管C14、第一压力阀C29和第一排气阀C30排入大气中。随着空压机C1的持续供气,驱动级机体C6的无杆腔C15压力逐渐增大,并推动驱动级活塞C8向有杆腔移动,而驱动级活塞C8的移动距离直接通过拉杆式位移传感器C19实时测量。随着驱动级活塞C8的移动,将同步带动活塞杆C10及送料级活塞C9移动,进而使送料级机体C7的无杆腔C23被压缩,在压力作用下,送料级机体C7的无杆腔C23内的相似材料将通过出料管C27排出,同时送料级机体C7的有杆腔C21通过压力平衡透气孔C22吸入空气而使腔内体积增大,直到拉杆式位移传感器C19监测的活塞移动距离达到设定值,此时关闭第二调压阀C31,出料过程结束。在进料和出料过程中,可以通过调整第一调压阀C28或第二调压阀C31的阀体C34内阀芯的开度,以实现对高压空气供气流量的调整,进而实现对进料和出料速度的调节。
当采用电机驱动式送料控制器时,首先启动进料控制阀D2的舵机D29,带动驱动轮D30偏心转动,并在驱动弹簧D31作用下使截流杆D28向上移动,从而使软管D27的管腔完全开启;同时,启动出料控制阀D3的舵机D29,进而将驱动轮偏心转动转换为截流杆D28的直线运动,以使截流杆D28向下移动,从而将软管D27的管腔完全闭合。此时,进料控制阀D2处于开启状态,而出料控制阀D3处于关闭状态。启动伺服电机D17,依次带动主动齿轮D18、从动齿轮D15及丝杆D14转动,并通过丝杆D14的转动使丝母D13沿着丝杆D14向伺服电机D17一侧移动,进而依次带动驱动盘D7、活塞杆D9及送料活塞D8同步移动,而驱动盘D7的移动距离直接通过拉杆式位移传感器D12实时测量。随着送料活塞D8的移动,将使送料级机体D5的有杆腔D19被压缩,而腔内空气将直接通过压力平衡透气孔D20排入大气中,同时送 料级机体D5的无杆腔D21将呈现负压,且在负压作用下,相似材料将被吸入送料级机体D5的无杆腔D21中,直到拉杆式位移传感器D12监测的活塞移动距离达到设定值,此时关闭伺服电机D17,进料过程结束。接下来执行出料过程,首先关闭进料控制阀D2,并开启出料控制阀D3,同时反向启动伺服电机D17,进而带动主动齿轮D18、从动齿轮D15及丝杆D14反向转动,并通过丝杆D14的转动使丝母D13沿着丝杆D14向远离伺服电机D17的一侧移动,进而依次带动驱动盘D7、活塞杆D9及送料活塞D8同步移动,而驱动盘D7的移动距离直接通过拉杆式位移传感器D12实时测量。随着送料活塞D8的移动,将使送料级机体D5的无杆腔D21被压缩,在压力作用下,送料级机体D5的无杆腔D21内的相似材料将通过出料管D25排出,同时送料级机体D5的有杆腔D19通过压力平衡透气孔D20吸入空气而使腔内体积增大,直到拉杆式位移传感器D12监测的活塞移动距离达到设定值,此时关闭伺服电机D17,出料过程结束。
当相似材料由送料控制器送至打印头后,便可随时启动打印,以两个打印头为例,两个打印头用于输出不同的材料,用于打印内部含有断层的物理模型,在打印过程中,通过两个打印头交替打印来形成物理模型的断层特征。在初始状态,3D成型机的模型成型围板A3完全位于围板基坑内,围板升降驱动缸A4的活塞杆处于完全回缩状态,模型承载转运台A5处于打印框架A1内的打印工位。启动打印程序,通过Z向升降部件、Y向水平移动部件及X向水平移动部件进行三轴联动,打印头每打印好一层,则打印头上升一个设定高度,同时模型成型围板A3也相应上升一个相同的设定高度。打印头每打印好一层后,则模型压实气缸A30启动一次,并控制模型压实辊A31输出一个设定下压量,然后启动Y向水平移动驱动电机A20,控制Y向水平移动板A22沿Y向齿条导轨A23匀速运动,直到模型压实辊A31完成对物理模型的一次压实,进而实现对物理模型的密实度调整。另外,还可以选择打印几层后启动一次压实。当物理模型完成最后一层打印和压实后,物理模型打印结束,等到物理模型结束养护期后,则可控制围板升降驱动缸A4的活塞杆执行回缩动作,直到模型成型围板A3落回到围板基坑内,而物理模型也将完全暴露出来。接下来,控制承载转运台驱动缸A10的活塞杆伸出,直到利用螺栓锁具A11将活塞杆与模型承载转运台A5固连在一起,然后控制承载转运台驱动缸A10的活塞杆回缩,便可将载有物理模型的模型承载转运台A5拉到转运框架A6上,最后通过转运框架驱动缸A15推动转运框架A6,以使物理模型移动到加载试验位置,等待后续加载试验。
关于打印头,首先根据打印需要,选择相应打印精度的打印喷嘴E13,通过启动打印喷嘴快换驱动电机E6,控制打印喷嘴转接盘E9旋转,将选中的打印喷嘴E13旋转到与相似材料供料管E3相连通的位置即可。开始打印,第一控制阀E10开启,相似材料通过相似材料供 料管E3进入打印喷嘴E13,而3D成型机只需按照打印程序执行打印动作即可。当打印喷嘴E13需要短时间暂停打印时,首先关闭第一控制阀E10,然后启动打印喷嘴快换驱动电机E6,控制打印喷嘴转接盘E9旋转,将用于打印工作的打印喷嘴E13旋转到与相似材料循环进料管E15相连通的位置。接下来,启动相似材料循环料管快接机构E17内的对接驱动电机E25,进而控制丝杆E27转动,通过丝杆E27转动来带动丝母E26沿丝杆E27向下移动,从而带动对接管转接架E28及打印喷嘴对接管E24向下移动,直到打印喷嘴对接管E24与打印喷嘴E13压接连通在一起。当打印喷嘴对接管E24与打印喷嘴E13对接完成时,开启第二控制阀E18,此时相似材料从供料源进入相似材料循环进料管E15,然后依次通过打印喷嘴E13、打印喷嘴对接管E24、软管E23及相似材料循环回料管E16重新回到供料源。通过相似材料的动态循环流动,有效避免了相似材料在短时间暂停打印时出现凝固情况,防止凝固的相似材料堵塞打印喷嘴E13。当短时间暂停结束后,首先关闭第二控制阀E18,然后反向启动相似材料循环料管快接机构E17内的对接驱动电机E25,以使打印喷嘴对接管E24与打印喷嘴E13重新分离,最后重新驱动打印喷嘴转接盘E9旋转,使打印喷嘴E13旋转到与相似材料供料管E3相连通的位置,再开启第一控制阀E10,继续打印工作。当打印工作结束后,打印喷嘴E13需要长时间停止打印时,首先关闭第一控制阀E10,然后启动打印喷嘴快换驱动电机E6,控制打印喷嘴转接盘E9旋转,将用于打印工作的打印喷嘴E13旋转到与进水管E19相连通的位置。接下来,启动水管快接机构E21内的对接驱动电机E25,进而控制丝杆E27转动,通过丝杆E27转动来带动丝母E26沿丝杆E27向下移动,从而带动对接管转接架E28及打印喷嘴对接管E24向下移动,直到打印喷嘴对接管E24与打印喷嘴E13压接连通在一起。当打印喷嘴对接管E24与打印喷嘴E13对接完成时,开启第三控制阀E22,此时清水从供料源进入进水管E19,然后依次通过打印喷嘴E13、打印喷嘴对接管E24、软管E23及出水管E20排入污水处理系统内。通过水冲洗作用,有效将打印喷嘴E13中残留的相似材料清除,防止相似材料在打印喷嘴E13中发生固结,使下一次打印能够顺利进行。
实施例中的方案并非用以限制本发明的专利保护范围,凡未脱离本发明所为的等效实施或变更,均包含于本案的专利范围中。
Claims (10)
- 一种大型复杂地质物理模型3D成型系统,其特征在于:包括3D成型机、搅拌机、送料控制器、打印头及控制台;所述打印头安装在3D成型机上,打印头通过送料控制器与搅拌机相连,通过控制台对搅拌、送料及打印过程进行统一控制;所述送料控制器包括两种结构形式,分别为气泵驱动式结构和电机驱动式结构;所述3D成型机,包括三轴模型打印组件及模型承载与转运组件;所述三轴模型打印组件包括打印框架、Z向升降部件、Y向水平移动部件、X向水平移动部件及打印头;所述Z向升降部件安装在打印框架内,Y向水平移动部件安装在Z向升降部件上,X向水平移动部件安装在Y向水平移动部件上,X向水平移动部件上用于安装打印头;所述模型承载与转运组件包括支撑框架、模型成型围板、围板升降驱动缸、模型承载转运台及转运框架;所述三轴模型打印组件通过打印框架固装在支撑框架上,支撑框架固装在地基上,在地基内分别设置有围板基坑和升降驱动缸基坑,所述模型成型围板位于围板基坑内,所述围板升降驱动缸位于升降驱动缸基坑内,围板升降驱动缸的活塞杆固连在模型成型围板上,通过活塞杆的伸缩动作驱动模型成型围板进行升降;在所述支撑框架的顶部安装有第一导轨,在所述转运框架的顶部安装有第二导轨,第一导轨与第二导轨对接配合,第一导轨与第二导轨对接后互为各自的延长导轨;在所述模型承载转运台下部安装有行走轮,模型承载转运台通过行走轮沿第一导轨和第二导轨直线移动;在所述模型承载转运台与转运框架之间连接有承载转运台驱动缸,承载转运台驱动缸与第一导轨及第二导轨相平行,承载转运台驱动缸的缸筒固连在转运框架上,承载转运台驱动缸的活塞杆通过螺栓锁具与模型承载转运台相连,通过活塞杆的伸缩动作驱动模型承载转运台进行直线移动;所述转运框架下方的地面上设置有第三导轨,第三导轨通过导轨基座固装在地面上,第三导轨与第一导轨及第二导轨相垂直,在转运框架底部安装有滑块,转运框架通过转运滑块沿第三导轨直线移动;在所述转运框架与导轨基座之间连接有转运框架驱动缸,转运框架驱动缸与第三导轨相平行,转运框架驱动缸的缸筒固连在导轨基座上,转运框架驱动缸的活塞杆与转运框架相连接,通过活塞杆的伸缩动作驱动转运框架进行直线移动。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种大型复杂地质物理模型3D成型系统,其特征在于:所述Z向升降部件包括Z向升降梁、Z向升降驱动电机、Z向丝杠、Z向丝母及Z向导杆;所述Z向丝杠竖直安装在打印框架上,Z向丝杠上端通过轴承与打印框架相连,Z向丝杠下端与Z向升降驱动电机相连,Z向升降驱动电机固装在打印框架上;所述Z向丝母套装在Z向丝杠上,所述Z向升降梁与Z向丝母固装在一起,Z向升降梁通过Z向丝母沿Z向丝杠直线移动;所述Z向导杆安装在Z向丝杠侧部,Z向导杆与Z向丝杠相平行,在所述Z向升降梁开设有Z向导杆导向孔;所述Y向水平移动部件包括Y向水平移动驱动电机、Y向水平移动梁、Y向水平移动板、Y向齿条导轨、Y向驱动齿轮及Y向滑块;所述Y向齿条导轨固装在Z向升降梁上,Y向齿条导轨与Z向丝杠相垂直;所述Y向水平移动板通过Y向滑块安装在Y向齿条导轨的导轨部分上,Y向水平移动板通过Y向滑块沿Y向齿条导轨直线移动;所述Y向水平移动驱动电机固装在Y向水平移动板上,所述Y向驱动齿轮与Y向水平移动驱动电机20的电机轴相连,且Y向驱动齿轮与Y向齿条导轨的齿条部分相啮合;所述Y向水平移动梁固装在Y向水平移动板上;所述X向水平移动部件包括X向水平移动驱动电机、X向水平移动板、X向齿条导轨、X向驱动齿轮及X向滑块;所述X向齿条导轨固装在Y向水平移动梁上,X向齿条导轨与Y向齿条导轨相垂直;所述X向水平移动板通过X向滑块安装在X向齿条导轨的导轨部分上,X向水平移动板通过X向滑块沿X向齿条导轨直线移动;所述X向水平移动驱动电机固装在X向水平移动板上,所述X向驱动齿轮与X向水平移动驱动电机的电机轴相连,且X向驱动齿轮与X向齿条导轨的齿条部分相啮合;所述X向水平移动板用于安装打印头,打印头数量至少为两个;在所述Y向水平移动板上安装有模型压实气缸,模型压实气缸竖直设置且活塞杆朝下,在模型压实气缸的活塞杆端部水平安装有模型压实辊。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种大型复杂地质物理模型3D成型系统,其特征在于:所述搅拌机包括搅拌组件、供料组件、供水组件、相似材料储料称重组件、外加剂储料称重组件、除尘组件、过滤组件及排料组件;所述供料组件通过相似材料储料称重组件向搅拌组件中输入相似材料,所述供水组件用于向搅拌组件内输入清水,所述外加剂储料称重组件用于向搅拌组件内输入外加剂,所述除尘组件用于去除相似材料制备时所产生的浮尘,所述过滤组件用于去除相似材料中粒径超标的颗粒,所述排料组件用于将搅拌好的相似材料输送给送料控制器。
- 根据权利要求2所述的一种大型复杂地质物理模型3D成型系统,其特征在于:所述搅拌组件包括搅拌罐、搅拌驱动电机、搅拌驱动轴及搅拌叶片;在所述搅拌罐内竖直设置有两个独立的搅拌腔室,上层的搅拌腔室为粗料搅拌腔室,下层的搅拌腔室为精料搅拌腔室,且粗料搅拌腔室与精料搅拌腔室之间通过过滤组件相连通;所述搅拌驱动轴竖直贯穿整个搅拌罐,搅拌驱动轴顶端通过轴承与搅拌罐顶板相连接,搅拌驱动轴底端通过轴承与搅拌罐底板相连接,且搅拌驱动轴的底端延伸出搅拌罐的罐体;所述搅拌驱动电机竖直固装在搅拌罐底板上,且搅拌驱动电机的电机轴与搅拌驱动轴相固连;所述搅拌叶片数量为两个,两个搅拌叶片分别位于粗料搅拌腔室及精料搅拌腔室内,且两个搅拌叶片均固装在搅拌驱动轴上; 在所述搅拌罐顶板上分别开设有进水口、除尘透气孔、外加剂进料口及相似材料进料口,通过除尘透气孔安装有除尘组件;在所述粗料搅拌腔室对应的搅拌罐侧壁上开设有压力平衡透气孔;在所述搅拌罐底板上开设有相似材料出料口;所述供料组件包括相似材料储罐、相似材料进料管及螺旋输送机;所述相似材料进料管与相似材料储罐罐体顶部相连通,所述相似材料储罐罐体底部与螺旋输送机的进料端相连通,螺旋输送机的出料端通过相似材料储料称重组件与搅拌罐的粗料搅拌腔室相通;在所述相似材料储罐的顶板上开设有除尘透气孔,通过除尘透气孔安装有除尘组件;所述供水组件包括进水管、电控开关阀及流量计;所述进水管一端与水源相连通,进水管另一端与搅拌罐顶板上的进水口相连通;所述电控开关阀及流量计均安装在进水管的管体上,电控开关阀通过自动控制方式进行开阀和关阀动作,通过流量计实时监测进水管内的水流量;所述相似材料储料称重组件包括相似材料储料筒、相似材料排料驱动电机、相似材料排料驱动轴、相似材料排料驱动螺旋叶片、相似材料储料筒承重支撑弹簧及相似材料储料筒称重传感器;所述相似材料储料筒的筒体顶端通过柔性密封管与螺旋输送机的出料端相连通,相似材料储料筒的筒体底部与搅拌罐顶板上的相似材料进料口相连通;所述相似材料排料驱动轴竖直贯穿整个相似材料储料筒,相似材料排料驱动轴顶端通过轴承与相似材料储料筒顶板相连接,且相似材料排料驱动轴的顶端延伸出相似材料储料筒的筒体;所述相似材料排料驱动电机竖直固装在相似材料储料筒顶板上,且相似材料排料驱动电机的电机轴与相似材料排料驱动轴相固连;所述相似材料排料驱动螺旋叶片设置在相似材料排料驱动轴底端,且相似材料排料驱动螺旋叶片位于搅拌罐顶板上的相似材料进料口内;所述相似材料储料筒通过相似材料储料筒承重支撑弹簧安装在搅拌罐顶板上,且相似材料储料筒称重传感器固连在相似材料储料筒承重支撑弹簧与搅拌罐顶板之间;在所述相似材料储料筒的顶板上开设有除尘透气孔,通过除尘透气孔安装有除尘组件;所述外加剂储料称重组件包括外加剂储料筒、外加剂排料驱动电机、外加剂排料驱动轴、外加剂排料驱动螺旋叶片、外加剂储料筒承重支撑弹簧及外加剂储料筒称重传感器;所述外加剂储料筒的筒体顶端开设有外加剂装填口,在外加剂装填口处设置有装填口盖板;所述外加剂排料驱动轴竖直贯穿整个外加剂储料筒,外加剂排料驱动轴顶端通过轴承与外加剂储料筒顶板相连接,且外加剂排料驱动轴的顶端延伸出外加剂储料筒的筒体;所述外加剂排料驱动电机竖直固装在外加剂储料筒顶板上,且外加剂排料驱动电机的电机轴与外加剂排料驱动轴相固连;所述外加剂排料驱动螺旋叶片设置在外加剂排料驱动轴底端,且外加剂排料驱动螺旋叶片位于搅拌罐顶板上的外加剂进料口内;所述外加剂储料筒通过外加剂储料筒承重支 撑弹簧安装在搅拌罐顶板上,且外加剂储料筒称重传感器固连在外加剂储料筒承重支撑弹簧与搅拌罐顶板之间;在外加剂储料筒的顶板上开设有除尘透气孔,通过除尘透气孔安装有除尘组件;所述除尘组件包括集尘箱和除尘透气膜,集尘箱的底端开设有含尘气流进入口,集尘箱的顶端开设有无尘气流排出口,所述除尘透气膜安装在无尘气流排出口上;所述过滤组件包括粗过滤网、精过滤网、滤除颗粒隔离筒、精料进料管、精料排料管及过滤驱动泵;所述滤除颗粒隔离筒安装在粗过滤网与精过滤网之间,滤除颗粒隔离筒通过粗过滤网与搅拌罐的粗料搅拌腔室相连通;所述过滤驱动泵位于搅拌罐外部,所述精料进料管一端密封穿过搅拌罐的侧壁,并通过精过滤网与滤除颗粒隔离筒相连通,精料进料管另一端与过滤驱动泵的进料端相连接;所述精料排料管一端与过滤驱动泵的排料端相连接,精料排料管另一端密封穿过搅拌罐的侧壁与精料搅拌腔室相连通;在所述精料进料管的管体上安装有精料控制阀,精料控制阀通过自动控制方式进行开阀和关阀动作;所述排料组件包括相似材料排料管及排料驱动泵,相似材料排料管一端与搅拌罐底板上的相似材料出料口相连通,相似材料排料管另一端与排料驱动泵的进料端相连接,排料驱动泵的排料端与送料控制器相连通;在所述相似材料排料管的管体上安装有排料控制阀,排料控制阀通过自动控制方式进行开阀和关阀动作。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种大型复杂地质物理模型3D成型系统,其特征在于:当送料控制器采用气泵驱动式结构时,所述送料控制器包括空压机、气动控制阀组、送料控制主机、进料控制阀及出料控制阀;所述送料控制主机分为驱动级机体和送料级机体,驱动级机体与送料级机体之间通过转接法兰相固连;在所述驱动级机体内设置有驱动级活塞,驱动级活塞与驱动级机体为密封滑动配合;在所述送料级机体内设置有送料级活塞,送料级活塞与送料级机体为密封滑动配合;所述驱动级活塞与送料级活塞之间通过活塞杆相固连,活塞杆密封贯穿转接法兰,且在活塞杆与转接法兰之间加装有直线轴承;在所述驱动级机体的有杆腔壳体上开设有第一通气口,所述气动控制阀组通过第一通气管与第一通气口相连接;在所述驱动级机体的无杆腔壳体上开设有第二通气口,所述气动控制阀组通过第二通气管与第二通气口相连接;所述空压机通过高压输气管与气动控制阀组相连接;在所述驱动级机体的有杆腔内设置有拉杆式位移传感器,拉杆式位移传感器与活塞杆相平行,拉杆式位移传感器一端固定在转接法兰上,拉杆式位移传感器另一端通过转接架固定在活塞杆上;在所述送料级机体的有杆腔壳体上开设有压力平衡透气孔;在所述送料级机体的无杆腔壳体上分别开设有进料口和出料口;所述进料控制阀通过进料管与进料口相连接,出料控制阀通过出料管与出料口相连接。
- 根据权利要求5所述的一种大型复杂地质物理模型3D成型系统,其特征在于:所述气动控制阀组包括第一调压阀、第一压力阀、第一排气阀、第二调压阀、第二压力阀及第二排气阀;所述第一调压阀的进气端通过高压输气管与空压机相连,第一调压阀的出气端一路通过第一压力阀与第一通气管相连,另一路通过第一排气阀与大气相连通;所述第二调压阀的进气端通过高压输气管与空压机相连,第二调压阀的出气端一路通过第二压力阀与第二通气管相连,另一路通过第二排气阀与大气相连通;所述第一调压阀和第二调压阀结构相同,均包括阀体、驱动电机、主动齿轮及从动齿轮;所述驱动电机固装在阀体上,所述主动齿轮固定套装在驱动电机的电机轴上;所述从动齿轮固定套装在阀体的阀芯杆体上,从动齿轮与主动齿轮相啮合;通过驱动电机输出转矩,依次带动主动齿轮及从动齿轮转动,用于调整阀体内阀芯的开度;所述进料控制阀和出料控制阀结构相同,均包括阀壳、软管、截流杆、舵机、驱动轮及驱动弹簧;所述软管位于阀壳内侧底部,软管两端均连接有转接螺母;所述舵机固装在阀壳顶端,驱动轮偏心固装在舵机的电机轴上;所述截流杆一端顶靠接触在驱动轮的轮盘外周边沿上,截流杆另一端与软管的外管壁顶靠接触配合;所述驱动弹簧位于阀壳内部,驱动弹簧与截流杆相平行,驱动弹簧一端固连在阀壳上,驱动弹簧另一端通过转接杆与截流杆相固连;通过舵机或驱动弹簧带动截流杆做直线运动,用于调整软管管腔的开启和闭合。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种大型复杂地质物理模型3D成型系统,其特征在于:当送料控制器采用电机驱动式结构时,所述送料控制器包括送料控制主机、进料控制阀及出料控制阀;所述送料控制主机分为驱动级机体和送料级机体,驱动级机体与送料级机体通过转接法兰相固连;在所述驱动级机体内设置有驱动盘,在所述送料级机体内设置有送料活塞,送料活塞与送料级机体为密封滑动配合;所述驱动盘与送料活塞之间通过活塞杆相固连,活塞杆贯穿转接法兰,且在活塞杆与转接法兰之间加装有直线轴承;在所述驱动级机体的腔室内设置有拉杆式位移传感器,拉杆式位移传感器与活塞杆相平行,拉杆式位移传感器一端固定在转接法兰上,拉杆式位移传感器另一端固定在驱动盘上;在所述驱动盘上安装有丝母,在丝母内穿装有丝杆,丝杆一端通过轴承与转接法兰相连接,丝杆另一端通过轴承与驱动级机体的底板相连接,且丝杆端部延伸至驱动级机体外部,在位于驱动级机体外部的丝杆端部固定安装有从动齿轮;在所述驱动级机体的底板外侧通过电机支架固装有伺服电机,在伺服电机的电机轴上固定安装有主动齿轮,主动齿轮与从动齿轮相啮合;在所述送料级机体的有杆腔壳体上开设有压力平衡透气孔;在所述送料级机体的无杆腔壳体上分别开设有进料口和出料口;所述进料控制阀通过进料管与进料口相连接,出料控制阀通过出料管与出料口相连接。
- 根据权利要求7所述的一种大型复杂地质物理模型3D成型系统,其特征在于:所述 进料控制阀和出料控制阀结构相同,均包括阀壳、软管、截流杆、舵机、驱动轮及驱动弹簧;所述软管位于阀壳内侧底部,软管两端均连接有转接螺母;所述舵机固装在阀壳顶端,驱动轮偏心固装在舵机的电机轴上;所述截流杆一端顶靠接触在驱动轮的轮盘外周边沿上,截流杆另一端与软管的外管壁顶靠接触配合;所述驱动弹簧位于阀壳内部,驱动弹簧与截流杆相平行,驱动弹簧一端固连在阀壳上,驱动弹簧另一端通过转接杆与截流杆相固连;通过舵机或驱动弹簧带动截流杆做直线运动,用于调整软管管腔的开启和闭合。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种大型复杂地质物理模型3D成型系统,其特征在于:所述打印头包括打印头安装板、打印喷嘴快换机构、相似材料供料管、相似材料循环防堵塞机构及相似材料冲洗净化防堵塞机构;所述打印喷嘴快换机构包括打印喷嘴快换驱动电机、电机安装架、管道转接盘及打印喷嘴转接盘,管道转接盘固装在电机安装架上;所述相似材料供料管一端通过第一控制阀接入相似材料,相似材料供料管另一端通过管道密封圈水平固装在管道转接盘上,且在管道密封圈与管道转接盘之间加装有顶紧弹簧;所述打印喷嘴快换驱动电机固装在电机安装架上,打印喷嘴快换驱动电机的电机轴穿过管道转接盘的中小孔与打印喷嘴转接盘的圆心相固连;在所述打印喷嘴转接盘的盘面上均匀分布有三个打印喷嘴,打印喷嘴的尾部管体通过喷嘴密封圈水平固装在打印喷嘴转接盘上,打印喷嘴的嘴部管体与尾部管体相垂直;所述相似材料循环防堵塞机构包括相似材料循环进料管、相似材料循环回料管及相似材料循环料管快接机构;所述相似材料循环进料管一端通过第二控制阀接入相似材料,相似材料循环进料管另一端通过管道密封圈水平固装在管道转接盘上,且在管道密封圈与管道转接盘之间加装有顶紧弹簧;所述相似材料循环回料管一端通过相似材料循环料管快接机构与打印喷嘴密封连通,相似材料循环回料管另一端导出相似材料并返回相似材料的供料源;所述相似材料冲洗净化防堵塞机构包括进水管、出水管及水管快接机构;所述进水管一端通过第三控制阀与供水源相接,进水管另一端通过管道密封圈水平固装在管道转接盘上,且在管道密封圈与管道转接盘之间加装有顶紧弹簧;所述出水管一端通过水管快接机构与打印喷嘴密封连通,出水管另一端接入污水处理系统。
- 根据权利要求9所述的一种大型复杂地质物理模型3D成型系统,其特征在于:三个所述打印喷嘴的喷嘴孔径各不相同,喷嘴孔径最小的打印喷嘴的打印精度最高,喷嘴孔径居中的打印喷嘴的打印精度次之,喷嘴孔径最大的打印喷嘴的打印精度最低;所述相似材料循环料管快接机构与水管快接机构结构相同,均包括软管、打印喷嘴对接管、对接驱动电机、丝母、丝杆、对接管转接架及对接驱动电机固定架;所述打印喷嘴对接管一端通过软管与相似材料循环回料管或出水管相连接,打印喷嘴对接管与打印喷嘴压接配合;所述对接驱动电机通过对接驱动电机固定架与打印头安装板相固连,丝杆与对接驱动电 机的电机轴相固连,丝母套装在丝杆上,且丝母固装在对接管转接架上,对接管转接架固连在打印喷嘴对接管上;在所述对接驱动电机固定架上安装有转接架导向杆,且转接架导向杆与丝杆相平行。
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