WO2019202673A1 - 作業機械 - Google Patents
作業機械 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019202673A1 WO2019202673A1 PCT/JP2018/015917 JP2018015917W WO2019202673A1 WO 2019202673 A1 WO2019202673 A1 WO 2019202673A1 JP 2018015917 W JP2018015917 W JP 2018015917W WO 2019202673 A1 WO2019202673 A1 WO 2019202673A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- speed
- arm
- arm cylinder
- bucket
- operation amount
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/36—Component parts
- E02F3/42—Drives for dippers, buckets, dipper-arms or bucket-arms
- E02F3/43—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations
- E02F3/435—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations for dipper-arms, backhoes or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2203—Arrangements for controlling the attitude of actuators, e.g. speed, floating function
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/36—Component parts
- E02F3/42—Drives for dippers, buckets, dipper-arms or bucket-arms
- E02F3/43—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations
- E02F3/435—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations for dipper-arms, backhoes or the like
- E02F3/437—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations for dipper-arms, backhoes or the like providing automatic sequences of movements, e.g. linear excavation, keeping dipper angle constant
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2221—Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/26—Indicating devices
- E02F9/264—Sensors and their calibration for indicating the position of the work tool
- E02F9/265—Sensors and their calibration for indicating the position of the work tool with follow-up actions (e.g. control signals sent to actuate the work tool)
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/30—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with a dipper-arm pivoted on a cantilever beam, i.e. boom
- E02F3/32—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with a dipper-arm pivoted on a cantilever beam, i.e. boom working downwardly and towards the machine, e.g. with backhoes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2004—Control mechanisms, e.g. control levers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a work machine that controls at least one of a plurality of hydraulic actuators according to a predetermined condition when operating an operating device.
- MC machine control
- a work machine for example, a hydraulic excavator
- a work device for example, a front work device driven by a hydraulic actuator.
- MC is a technology for assisting an operator's operation by executing semi-automatic control for operating a working device according to a predetermined condition when the operating device is operated by an operator.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for controlling a front working device so that a blade edge of a bucket is moved along a target design landform (target surface).
- the estimated speed of the arm cylinder is calculated based on the operation amount of the arm operation lever due to the falling weight of the bucket depending on the posture of the front work device.
- the actual arm cylinder speed increases, and if MC based on the estimated speed of the arm cylinder is executed in such a situation, the blade edge of the bucket is not stabilized and hunting may occur.
- This document estimates the arm cylinder when the operation amount of the arm operation lever is less than a predetermined amount, and the speed larger than the speed calculated based on the operation amount of the arm operation lever is taken into account of the weight drop of the bucket.
- the above problem is solved by calculating the speed and performing MC based on the estimated speed.
- the estimated speed approaches the actual speed of the arm cylinder, so that hunting in the MC can be prevented.
- the difference between the estimated speed and the actual speed of the arm cylinder based on the operation amount of the arm operation lever is not caused only by the weight drop of the bucket. Simply estimating the speed is not enough to prevent hunting.
- the front work device when performing so-called uplifting work, where the earth and sand are scraped and leveled against the slope located below the traveling body of the work machine, the front work device is mainly used against the weight of the arm or bucket.
- the arm cylinder is driven in the lifting direction.
- the arm cylinder speed is rarely higher than expected due to the weight of the front work device (arm, bucket) relating to the drive of the arm cylinder. Rather, the cylinder speed of the arm may be slower than the assumed speed due to the effect of driving the front working device in the direction of lifting the front working device.
- FIG. 16 shows the opening area characteristics of an open center bypass type spool.
- the opening area of the spool of the open center bypass system includes the center bypass opening of the flow path for supplying pressure oil from the pump to the tank, the meter-in opening of the flow path for supplying pressure oil from the pump to the actuator, and the flow from the actuator to the tank.
- SX is the closing point where the area of the center bypass opening is zero.
- the pressure oil tends to flow in the direction where the load is light, the pressure oil is less likely to flow into the arm cylinder than when the arm cylinder is not driven in the direction of lifting the front work device against its own weight, resulting in the arm cylinder speed. Becomes slower.
- the arm cylinder speed may be slower than expected, and as a result, the bucket blade tip (tip of the work equipment) during semi-automatic control is not stable and hunting is performed. May be caused.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a work machine that can more appropriately calculate the speed of the arm cylinder that drives the work device and that stabilizes the behavior of the tip of the work device (for example, the bucket blade edge) in the MC.
- the present application includes a plurality of means for solving the above-described problems.
- the working device having a plurality of front members including an arm and an arm cylinder for driving the arms include the plurality of front members.
- a control device having an actuator control unit that controls at least one of the hydraulic actuators, a posture detection device that detects a physical quantity related to the posture of the arm, and a physical quantity related to an operation amount with respect to the arm among the operation amounts of the operation device
- a first speed calculation unit that calculates the first speed calculated from the detection value of the operation amount detection device as the speed of the arm cylinder, and the weight of the arm is given to the arm cylinder based on the detection value of the posture detection device.
- a load direction is determined, and when it is determined that the load direction is opposite to the driving direction of the arm cylinder, a second speed smaller than the first speed is calculated as the arm cylinder speed as the arm cylinder speed.
- a third speed equal to or higher than the first speed is calculated as the arm cylinder speed as the arm cylinder speed.
- a third speed calculation unit is determined.
- the speed of the arm cylinder that drives the work device can be calculated more appropriately, and the behavior of the tip of the work device in the MC can be stabilized.
- the block diagram of a hydraulic excavator The figure which shows the control controller of a hydraulic shovel with a hydraulic drive device. Detailed view of the front control hydraulic unit.
- the hardware block diagram of the control controller of a hydraulic excavator The figure which shows the coordinate system and target surface in the hydraulic shovel of FIG.
- the functional block diagram of the control controller of the hydraulic shovel of FIG. FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of the MC control unit in FIG. 6.
- a hydraulic excavator including the bucket 10 is illustrated as a work tool (attachment) at the tip of the working device, but the present invention may be applied to a work machine including an attachment other than the bucket. Furthermore, the present invention can be applied to a working machine other than a hydraulic excavator as long as it has an articulated working device configured by connecting a plurality of front members (attachment, arm, boom, etc.).
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a hydraulic excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a control controller of the hydraulic excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention together with a hydraulic drive device
- FIG. 3 is a detailed view of a front control hydraulic unit 160.
- a hydraulic excavator 1 includes an articulated front working device 1A and a vehicle body 1B.
- the vehicle body 1B includes a lower traveling body 11 that travels by left and right traveling hydraulic motors 3a (see FIG. 2) and 3b, and an upper revolving body 12 that is mounted on the lower traveling body 11 and that is swung by the swing hydraulic motor 4. .
- the front working device 1A is configured by connecting a plurality of front members (boom 8, arm 9, and bucket 10) that rotate in the vertical direction.
- the base end of the boom 8 is rotatably supported at the front portion of the upper swing body 12 via a boom pin.
- An arm 9 is rotatably connected to the tip of the boom 8 via an arm pin, and a bucket 10 is rotatably connected to the tip of the arm 9 via a bucket pin.
- the plurality of front members 8, 9, and 10 are driven by hydraulic cylinders 5, 6, and 7, which are a plurality of hydraulic actuators. Specifically, the boom 8 is driven by the boom cylinder 5, the arm 9 is driven by the arm cylinder 6, and the bucket 10 is driven by the bucket cylinder 7.
- a bucket angle sensor 32 is attached to 13 and a vehicle body inclination angle sensor 33 for detecting an inclination angle ⁇ (see FIG. 5) of the upper turning body 12 (vehicle body 1B) with respect to a reference plane (for example, a horizontal plane) is attached to the upper turning body 12. It has been.
- the angle sensors 30, 31, and 32 of the present embodiment are rotary potentiometers, but can be replaced with an inclination angle sensor or an inertial measurement device (IMU) with respect to a reference plane (for example, a horizontal plane).
- IMU inertial measurement device
- An operating room 47a having a traveling right lever 23a (FIG. 1) for operating the traveling right hydraulic motor 3a (lower traveling body 11), and a traveling room provided in the upper swing body 12
- An operating device 47b having a left lever 23b (FIG. 1) for operating the traveling left hydraulic motor 3b (lower traveling body 11) and the operating right lever 1a (FIG. 1) share the boom cylinder 5
- the operating devices 45a and 46a (FIG. 2) for operating the boom 8) and the bucket cylinder 7 (bucket 10) and the operation left lever 1b (FIG. 1) share the arm cylinder 6 (arm 9) and the swing hydraulic motor 4
- Operation devices 45b and 46b for operating the (upper swing body 12) are installed.
- the traveling right lever 23a, the traveling left lever 23b, the operation right lever 1a, and the operation left lever 1b may be collectively referred to as operation levers 1 and 23.
- the engine 18 which is a prime mover mounted on the upper swing body 12 drives the hydraulic pumps 2a and 2b and the pilot pump 48.
- the hydraulic pumps 2a and 2b are variable displacement pumps whose displacement is controlled by the regulators 2aa and 2ba, and the pilot pump 48 is a fixed displacement pump.
- the hydraulic pump 2 and the pilot pump 48 suck hydraulic fluid from the tank 200.
- a shuttle block 162 is provided in the middle of the pilot lines 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, and 149. Hydraulic pressure signals output from the operating devices 45, 46, 47 are also input to the regulators 2aa, 2ba via the shuttle block 162.
- Hydraulic pressure signals output from the operating devices 45, 46, 47 are also input to the regulators 2aa, 2ba via the shuttle block 162.
- hydraulic signals are input to the regulators 2aa and 2ba via the shuttle block 162, and the discharge flow rates of the hydraulic pumps 2a and 2b are controlled according to the hydraulic signals.
- the pump line 48a which is the discharge pipe of the pilot pump 48, passes through the lock valve 39 and then branches into a plurality of valves and is connected to the valves in the operating devices 45, 46, 47 and the front control hydraulic unit 160.
- the lock valve 39 is an electromagnetic switching valve in this example, and its electromagnetic drive unit is electrically connected to a position detector of a gate lock lever (not shown) disposed in the cab (FIG. 1). The position of the gate lock lever is detected by a position detector, and a signal corresponding to the position of the gate lock lever is input to the lock valve 39 from the position detector.
- the lock valve 39 is closed and the pump line 48a is shut off, and if it is in the unlocked position, the lock valve 39 is opened and the pump line 48a is opened. That is, in the state where the pump line 48a is shut off, the operations by the operating devices 45, 46, 47 are invalidated, and operations such as turning and excavation are prohibited.
- the operation devices 45, 46, and 47 are hydraulic pilot type operation devices, and the operation amounts (for example, levers) of the operation levers 1 and 23 operated by the operator based on the pressure oil discharged from the pilot pump 48, respectively. Stroke) and a pilot pressure (sometimes referred to as operation pressure) corresponding to the operation direction are generated.
- the pilot pressure generated in this way is supplied to the hydraulic drive units 150a to 155b of the corresponding flow control valves 15a to 15f (FIG. 2 or 3) via the pilot lines 144a to 149b (see FIG. 3). This is used as a control signal for driving the control valves 15a to 15f.
- the hydraulic oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 2 passes through the flow control valves 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d, 15e, and 15f (see FIG. 2), the traveling right hydraulic motor 3a, the traveling left hydraulic motor 3b, the turning hydraulic motor 4, It is supplied to the boom cylinder 5, arm cylinder 6 and bucket cylinder 7.
- the boom cylinder 5, the arm cylinder 6, and the bucket cylinder 7 are expanded and contracted by the supplied pressure oil, and the boom 8, the arm 9, and the bucket 10 are rotated, and the position and posture of the bucket 10 are changed.
- the turning hydraulic motor 4 is rotated by the supplied pressure oil, and the upper turning body 12 is turned with respect to the lower traveling body 11.
- the traveling right hydraulic motor 3a and the traveling left hydraulic motor 3b are rotated by the supplied pressure oil, and the lower traveling body 11 travels.
- the flow control valves 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d, 15e and 15f are open center bypass type flow control valves, respectively.
- the center bypass flow path (bleed-off opening) is narrowed and the flow paths (meter-in opening and meter-out opening) leading to the actuator are opened as shown in FIG.
- the bleed-off flow rate ie, the bleed-off opening
- the flow rate to the actuator ie, the meter-in opening and meter-out opening
- FIG. 2 is a simplified representation of the actual system, there is also a flow control valve 15 in which the bleed-off flow path is not connected to the tank 200 in the figure, but in reality all flow control of the open center bypass type The valve 15 is used.
- the tank 200 includes a hydraulic oil temperature detection device 210 for detecting the hydraulic oil temperature for driving the hydraulic actuator.
- the hydraulic oil temperature detection device 210 can be installed outside the tank 200, and may be attached to, for example, the inlet line or the outlet line of the tank 200.
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a machine control (MC) system provided in the hydraulic excavator according to the present embodiment.
- the system shown in FIG. 4 performs processing for controlling the speeds of the hydraulic cylinders 5, 6 and 7 and the front working device 1A based on predetermined conditions when the operating devices 45 and 46 are operated by the operator as MC. Execute.
- the machine control (MC) controls the operation of the work device 1A by a computer when the operation devices 45 and 46 are not operated
- the operation of the work device 1A only when the operation devices 45 and 46 are operated.
- the excavation operation (specifically, at least one instruction of arm cloud, bucket cloud, and bucket dump) is input through the operation devices 45b and 46a as the MC of the front work device 1A, the target surface 60 (FIG. 5) and the tip of the working device 1A (in this embodiment, the tip of the bucket 10 is a tip), the tip of the working device 1A is held on the target surface 60 and in the region above it.
- the control signals for forcibly operating at least one of the hydraulic actuators 5, 6 and 7 are applied to the corresponding flow control valves 15a, 15b, To 15c.
- This MC prevents the toes of the bucket 10 from entering below the target surface 60, so excavation along the target surface 60 is possible regardless of the level of skill of the operator.
- the control point of the front working device 1A at the time of MC is set to the tip of the bucket 10 of the excavator (the tip of the working device 1A), but the control point is the tip of the working device 1A. If it is a point, it can change besides bucket toe. For example, the bottom surface of the bucket 10 or the outermost part of the bucket link 13 can be selected.
- the system shown in FIG. 4 includes a work device attitude detection device 50, a target surface setting device 51, an operator operation amount detection device 52a, and a display installed in the cab and capable of displaying the positional relationship between the target surface 60 and the work device 1A.
- a device for example, a liquid crystal display
- a controller control device 40 that controls MC control are provided.
- Work device attitude detection device (orientation detection device) 50 includes a boom angle sensor 30, an arm angle sensor 31, a bucket angle sensor 32, and a vehicle body tilt angle sensor 33. These angle sensors 30, 31, 32, and 33 function as posture sensors that detect physical quantities related to the postures of the boom 8, arm 9, and bucket 10 that are a plurality of front members.
- the target surface setting device 51 is an interface through which information regarding the target surface 60 (including position information and inclination angle information of each target surface) can be input.
- the target plane setting device 51 is connected to an external terminal (not shown) that stores the three-dimensional data of the target plane defined on the global coordinate system (absolute coordinate system). The input of the target surface via the target surface setting device 51 may be performed manually by the operator.
- the operator operation amount detection device (operation amount detection device) 52a is an operation pressure (first control signal) generated in the pilot lines 144, 145, 146 when the operator operates the operation levers 1a, 1b (operation devices 45a, 45b, 46a). It comprises pressure sensors 70a, 70b, 71a, 71b, 72a, 72b. These pressure sensors 70a, 70b, 71a, 71b, 72a, 72b are provided via operating devices 45a, 45b, 46a for the boom 7 (boom cylinder 5), arm 8 (arm cylinder 6), and bucket 9 (bucket cylinder 7). It functions as an operation amount sensor that detects a physical amount related to the operation amount of the operator.
- the front control hydraulic unit 160 is provided on the pilot lines 144a and 144b of the operation device 45a for the boom 8, and detects the pilot pressure (first control signal) as the operation amount of the operation lever 1a.
- the flow control valve is connected to the secondary port side of the line 144a and the electromagnetic proportional valve 54a, selects the pilot pressure in the pilot line 144a and the high pressure side of the control pressure (second control signal) output from the electromagnetic proportional valve 54a.
- the front control hydraulic unit 160 is installed in the pilot lines 145a and 145b for the arm 9, and detects a pilot pressure (first control signal) as an operation amount of the operation lever 1b and outputs it to the controller 40.
- 71a, 71b and an electromagnetic proportional valve 55b which is installed in the pilot line 145b and reduces and outputs the pilot pressure (first control signal) based on the control signal from the controller 40, and is installed in the pilot line 145a for control.
- An electromagnetic proportional valve 55a that reduces and outputs a pilot pressure (first control signal) in the pilot line 145a based on a control signal from the controller 40 is provided.
- the front control hydraulic unit 160 detects a pilot pressure (first control signal) as an operation amount of the operation lever 1a in the pilot lines 146a and 146b for the bucket 10 and outputs the pressure sensor 72a to the controller 40.
- 72b electromagnetic proportional valves 56a, 56b that reduce and output pilot pressure (first control signal) based on the control signal from the controller 40, and the primary port side is connected to the pilot pump 48 so that the pilot pump 48
- the electromagnetic proportional valves 56c and 56d for reducing and outputting the pilot pressure, the pilot pressure in the pilot lines 146a and 146b, and the high pressure side of the control pressure output from the electromagnetic proportional valves 56c and 56d are selected, and the flow control valve 15c Shuttle valves 83a and 83b leading to the hydraulic drive units 152a and 152b are respectively provided. It is provided.
- connection lines between the pressure sensors 70, 71, 72 and the controller 40 are omitted for the sake of space.
- the electromagnetic proportional valves 54b, 55a, 55b, 56a, 56b have a maximum opening when not energized, and the opening decreases as the current that is a control signal from the controller 40 is increased.
- the electromagnetic proportional valves 54a, 56c, 56d have an opening degree when not energized and an opening degree when energized, and the opening degree increases as the current (control signal) from the controller 40 increases. In this way, the opening 54, 55, 56 of each electromagnetic proportional valve corresponds to the control signal from the controller 40.
- control hydraulic unit 160 configured as described above, when a control signal is output from the controller 40 and the electromagnetic proportional valves 54a, 56c, 56d are driven, there is no operator operation of the corresponding operating devices 45a, 46a. Since pilot pressure (second control signal) can be generated, boom raising operation, bucket cloud operation, and bucket dump operation can be forcibly generated. Similarly, when the electromagnetic proportional valves 54b, 55a, 55b, 56a, 56b are driven by the controller 40, the pilot pressure (first control signal) generated by the operator operation of the operating devices 45a, 45b, 46a is reduced. A pilot pressure (second control signal) can be generated, and the speed of the boom lowering operation, the arm cloud / dump operation, and the bucket cloud / dump operation can be forcibly reduced from the value of the operator operation.
- the pilot pressure generated by the operation of the operating devices 45a, 45b, 46a is referred to as a “first control signal”.
- the control pressure is generated by the controller 40 driving the electromagnetic proportional valves 54b, 55a, 55b, 56a, 56b to correct (reduce) the first control signal.
- the pilot pressure newly generated separately from the first control signal by driving the electromagnetic proportional valves 54a, 56c, 56d by the controller 40 is referred to as a “second control signal”.
- the second control signal is generated when the speed vector of the control point of the work device 1A generated by the first control signal violates a predetermined condition, and the speed vector of the control point of the work device 1A that meets the predetermined condition. Is generated as a control signal.
- the second control signal is given priority.
- the first control signal is blocked by an electromagnetic proportional valve, and the second control signal is input to the other hydraulic drive unit. Therefore, among the flow control valves 15a to 15c, those for which the second control signal is calculated are controlled based on the second control signal, and those for which the second control signal is not calculated are based on the first control signal. Those that are controlled and neither the first nor second control signal is generated are not controlled (driven). If the first control signal and the second control signal are defined as described above, MC can be said to control the flow control valves 15a to 15c based on the second control signal.
- the controller 40 includes an input unit 91, a central processing unit (CPU) 92 that is a processor, a read-only memory (ROM) 93 and a random access memory (RAM) 94 that are storage devices, and an output unit 95.
- the input unit 91 includes signals from the angle sensors 30 to 32 and the tilt angle sensor 33 that are the work device attitude detection device 50, a signal from the target surface setting device 51 that is a device for setting the target surface 60, and an operation.
- a signal from an operator operation amount detection device 52a which is a pressure sensor (including pressure sensors 70, 71, 72) for detecting an operation amount from the devices 45a, 45b, 46a, is input and converted so that the CPU 92 can calculate it. .
- the ROM 93 is a recording medium in which a control program for executing MC including processing related to a flowchart to be described later and various information necessary for executing the flowchart are stored.
- the CPU 92 is a control program stored in the ROM 93. Then, predetermined arithmetic processing is performed on the signals taken from the input unit 91 and the memories 93 and 94.
- the output unit 95 creates a signal for output according to the calculation result in the CPU 92, and outputs the signal to the electromagnetic proportional valves 54 to 56 or the display device 53, thereby driving and controlling the hydraulic actuators 5 to 7. Or images of the vehicle body 1B, the bucket 10, the target surface 60, and the like are displayed on the screen of the display device 53.
- the control controller 40 in FIG. 4 includes a semiconductor memory such as a ROM 93 and a RAM 94 as storage devices.
- the control controller 40 can be replaced with any other storage device, and may include a magnetic storage device such as a hard disk drive.
- FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram of the control controller 40.
- the control controller 40 includes an MC control unit 43, an electromagnetic proportional valve control unit 44, and a display control unit 374.
- the display control unit 374 is a part that controls the display device 53 based on the working device attitude and the target surface output from the MC control unit 43.
- the display control unit 374 is provided with a display ROM that stores a large number of display-related data including images and icons of the work apparatus 1A.
- the display control unit 374 determines a predetermined value based on a flag included in the input information. While reading the program, the display device 53 performs display control.
- FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of the MC control unit 43 in FIG.
- the MC control unit 43 includes an operation amount calculation unit 43a, a posture calculation unit 43b, a target surface calculation unit 43c, an arm cylinder speed calculation unit 49, an actuator control unit 81 (boom control unit 81a and bucket control unit 81b), It has.
- the operation amount calculator 43a calculates the operation amounts of the operation devices 45a, 45b, and 46a (operation levers 1a and 1b) based on the detection value of the operator operation amount detection device 52a. That is, the operation amount of the operating devices 45a, 45b, 46a can be calculated from the detected values of the pressure sensors 70, 71, 72.
- the use of the pressure sensors 70, 71, 72 for calculating the operation amount is merely an example.
- a position sensor for example, a rotary encoder
- the operation amount of the operation lever may be detected.
- the posture calculation unit 43b calculates the postures of the boom 8, the arm 9 and the bucket 10 in the local coordinate system, the posture of the front work device 1A, and the position of the toe of the bucket 10 based on the detection value of the work device posture detection device 50. To do. In addition, the posture calculation unit 43b calculates an angle between the horizontal plane passing through the arm rotation center (arm pin) and the arm 9 (referred to as “arm horizontal angle ⁇ ” (see FIG. 5)).
- the posture of the boom 8, the arm 9 and the bucket 10 and the posture of the front working device 1A can be defined on the shovel coordinate system (local coordinate system) in FIG.
- the shovel coordinate system (XZ coordinate system) in FIG. 5 is a coordinate system set for the upper swing body 12, and the upper portion of the boom 8 that is rotatably supported by the upper swing body 12 is the origin.
- the body 12 was set with the Z axis in the vertical direction and the X axis in the horizontal direction.
- the inclination angle of the boom 8 with respect to the X-axis is the boom angle ⁇
- the inclination angle of the arm 9 with respect to the boom 8 is the arm angle ⁇
- the inclination angle of the bucket toe with respect to the arm 9 is the bucket angle ⁇ .
- the inclination angle of the vehicle body 1B (upper turning body 12) with respect to the horizontal plane (reference plane) is defined as an inclination angle ⁇ .
- the boom angle ⁇ is detected by the boom angle sensor 30, the arm angle ⁇ is detected by the arm angle sensor 31, the bucket angle ⁇ is detected by the bucket angle sensor 32, and the tilt angle ⁇ is detected by the vehicle body tilt angle sensor 33.
- the lengths of the boom 8, arm 9, and bucket 10 are L1, L2, and L3, respectively, the coordinates of the bucket toe position in the shovel coordinate system, the postures of the boom 8, arm 9, and bucket 10 and The posture of the work apparatus 1A can be expressed by L1, L2, L3, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ .
- the arm horizontal angle ⁇ which is the angle formed by the horizontal plane passing through the arm rotation center (arm pin) and the arm 9, can be calculated from, for example, the inclination angle ⁇ , the boom angle ⁇ , and the arm angle ⁇ .
- a U-axis is set on a horizontal plane passing through the arm rotation center (arm pin) in the global coordinate system, and a straight line (length) connecting the arm rotation center and the bucket rotation center.
- the angle formed by the straight line L2 and the U axis is ⁇ .
- the U axis is 0 degree, counterclockwise is a positive angle, and clockwise is a negative angle.
- ⁇ is positive.
- the arm horizontal angle ⁇ can also be detected by attaching an inclination angle sensor, an inertial measurement device (IMU), or the like to a reference plane (for example, a horizontal plane) to the arm 9.
- IMU inertial measurement device
- the target surface calculation unit 43 c calculates the position information of the target surface 60 based on the information from the target surface setting device 51 and stores this in the ROM 93.
- a cross-sectional shape obtained by cutting a three-dimensional target plane with a plane (working plane of the working machine) on which the working apparatus 1A moves is used as the target plane 60 (two-dimensional target plane). To do.
- a method of setting a target surface closest to the work device 1A as a target surface for example, a method of setting a target surface below the bucket toe, or a method selected arbitrarily
- a method of making it a target surface for example, a method of making a target surface closest to the work device 1A as a target surface, a method of setting a target surface below the bucket toe, or a method selected arbitrarily
- the arm cylinder speed calculation unit 49 calculates a speed (arm cylinder speed) used as the speed of the arm cylinder 6 when the actuator control unit 81 executes MC, and outputs the calculation result to the actuator control unit 81 It is.
- FIG. 8 is a functional block diagram of the arm cylinder speed calculation unit 49.
- the arm cylinder speed calculator 49 includes a first speed calculator 49a, a second speed calculator 49b, a third speed calculator 49c, and a speed selector 49d.
- the first speed calculation unit 49a is a part that calculates the speed (Vamt1) of the arm cylinder 6 from the detection value of the operation amount for the arm 9 among the detection values of the operator operation amount detection device 52a.
- the speed (Vamt1) of the arm cylinder 6 calculated by the first speed calculation unit 49a may be referred to as “first speed” or “first arm cylinder speed”.
- the operation amount calculation unit 43a calculates the arm operation amount from the detected value of the arm operation amount by the operator operation amount detection device 52a, and the first speed calculation unit 49a is calculated by the operation amount calculation unit 43a.
- the speed (Vamt1) of the arm cylinder 6 is calculated based on the arm operation amount and the table of FIG.
- the correlation between the arm operation amount and the arm cylinder speed is defined on a one-to-one basis.
- the correlation between the operation amount and the speed is defined so that the arm cylinder speed monotonously increases as the arm operation amount increases based on the cylinder speed with respect to the operation amount obtained in advance through experiments and simulations.
- the first arm cylinder speed calculated by the first speed calculator 49a is output to the speed selector 49d.
- the second speed calculation unit 49b takes into account the weight of the driven object of the arm cylinder 6 (an assembly of various members located on the bucket 10 side from the arm 9 including the arm 9, the bucket 10, and the bucket cylinder 7), This is a part that calculates a speed (sometimes referred to as a second speed or a second arm cylinder speed) smaller than the first arm cylinder speed (Vamt1) calculated by the speed calculation unit 49a as the speed (Vamt2) of the arm cylinder 6. .
- the second arm cylinder speed (Vamt2) of the present embodiment is a scene in which the direction of the load applied to the arm cylinder 6 by the weight of the object to be driven of the arm cylinder 6 is opposite to the driving direction of the arm cylinder.
- the predetermined correction amount defined by the arm operation amount and the arm horizontal angle ⁇ is set to the first correction amount. It is defined as a value subtracted from the 1-arm cylinder speed (Vamt1).
- the predetermined correction amount (that is, the magnitude of the difference between the first speed and the second speed) is preferably set to be equal to or less than the maximum speed value at which the first speed can be decelerated due to the weight of the driven object.
- the second arm cylinder speed (Vamt2) calculated by the second speed calculator 49b is output to the speed selector 49d.
- the third speed calculation unit 49c considers the weight of the object to be driven of the arm cylinder 6, and has a speed (third speed or third arm) higher than the first arm cylinder speed (Vamt1) calculated by the first speed calculation unit 49a. This is a part for calculating the arm cylinder 6 speed (Vamt3).
- the third arm cylinder speed (Vamt3) of the present embodiment is a scene in which the direction of the load applied to the arm cylinder 6 by the weight of the driving object of the arm cylinder 6 is the same as the driving direction of the arm cylinder.
- a predetermined correction amount defined by the arm operation amount and the arm horizontal angle ⁇ is set to the first arm. It is defined by a value added to the cylinder speed (Vamt1).
- the predetermined correction amount (that is, the magnitude of the difference between the first speed and the third speed) is preferably set to be equal to or less than the maximum speed value at which the first speed can be accelerated by the influence of the weight of the driven object.
- the third arm cylinder speed (Vamt3) calculated by the third speed calculator 49c is output to the speed selector 49d.
- the speed selection unit 49d determines the direction of the load applied to the arm cylinder 6 by the weight of the driven object of the arm cylinder 6 including the arm 9 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “the load direction of the driven object”) of the posture detection device 43b. A determination is made based on the detected value (specifically, the arm horizontal angle ⁇ ), and based on the determination result, the arm cylinder speed Vam output to the actuator controller 81 is set to the first speed (Vamt1) and the second speed (Vamt2). And the third speed (Vamt3).
- the speed selection unit 49d can output the second speed (Vamt2) to the actuator control unit 81 when it is determined that the load direction of the driven object is opposite to the drive direction of the arm cylinder 6.
- the third speed (Vamt3) can be output to the actuator control unit 81.
- the boom control unit 81a and the bucket control unit 81b constitute an actuator control unit 81 that controls at least one of the plurality of hydraulic actuators 5, 6, and 7 according to a predetermined condition when operating the operation devices 45a, 45b, and 46a. .
- the actuator control unit 81 calculates target pilot pressures of the flow control valves 15 a, 15 b, and 15 c of the hydraulic cylinders 5, 6, and 7, and outputs the calculated target pilot pressures to the electromagnetic proportional valve control unit 44.
- the boom control unit 81a when operating the operation devices 45a, 45b, 46a, the position of the target surface 60, the position of the front working device 1A, the position of the toe of the bucket 10, the speed of each hydraulic cylinder 5, 6, 7 This is a part for executing MC for controlling the operation of the boom cylinder 5 (boom 8) so that the toe (control point) of the bucket 10 is positioned on or above the target surface 60.
- the target pilot pressure of the flow control valve 15a of the boom cylinder 5 is calculated. Details of the MC by the boom control unit 81a will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the bucket control unit 81b is a part for executing bucket angle control by MC when operating the operation devices 45a, 45b, and 46a. Specifically, when the distance between the target surface 60 and the tip of the bucket 10 is equal to or less than a predetermined value, the bucket cylinder 7 (the bucket cylinder 7 (bucket) is set so that the angle ⁇ of the bucket 10 with respect to the target surface 60 becomes a preset target surface bucket angle ⁇ TGT. MC (bucket angle control) for controlling the operation of 10) is executed. In the bucket controller 81b, the target pilot pressure of the flow rate control valve 15c of the bucket cylinder 7 is calculated.
- the electromagnetic proportional valve control unit 44 calculates commands to the electromagnetic proportional valves 54 to 56 based on the target pilot pressures output to the flow control valves 15a, 15b, and 15c from the actuator control unit 81.
- the pilot pressure (first control signal) based on the operator operation matches the target pilot pressure calculated by the actuator control unit 81, the current value (command value) to the corresponding electromagnetic proportional valves 54 to 56 is determined. Becomes zero, and the operation of the corresponding proportional valves 54 to 56 is not performed.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart for calculating the speed Vam of the arm cylinder 6 output from the arm cylinder speed calculation unit 49 to the actuator control unit 81.
- the arm cylinder speed calculation unit 49 repeatedly executes the flow of FIG. 10 at a predetermined control cycle.
- the speed to be output (Vamt1, Vamt2, Vamt3) is calculated after the speed selection by the speed selection unit 49d is performed. However, before the speed selection by the speed selection unit 49d, the first speed is selected.
- the arm cylinder speeds (Vamt1, Vamt2, Vamt3) are calculated by the speed calculation unit 49a, the second speed calculation unit 49b, and the third speed calculation unit 49c, respectively. Needless to say, the flow may be configured to output only the corresponding arm cylinder speed to the actuator controller 81.
- the speed selection unit 49d acquires the arm horizontal angle ⁇ (see FIG. 5) from the posture calculation unit 43b.
- the speed selection unit 49d determines whether the arm angle ⁇ acquired in S600 is ⁇ 90 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less.
- the load direction applied to the arm cylinder 6 by the weight of the driven object is the same as the driving direction of the arm cylinder 6
- the speed selection unit 49d determines to output the third speed (Vamt3) to the actuator control unit 81 as the arm cylinder speed Vam, and proceeds to S620.
- the third speed calculation unit 49c calculates the correction gain k related to the arm cylinder speed Vamt3 based on the arm operation amount amlever calculated by the operation amount calculation unit 43a.
- the function kmo for the third speed calculator to calculate the correction gain k in S620 is that the influence of the weight of the driven object of the arm cylinder 6 is derived from the meter-out opening area of the arm spool related to the flow control valve 15b. It is assumed that the function correlates with the meter-out opening area of the arm spool.
- the meter-out opening area of the arm spool is converted into an arm operation amount (amlever) corresponding thereto
- the third speed calculation unit 49c is the arm operation amount calculated by the operation amount calculation unit 43a.
- the correction gain k is calculated based on (amlever), and the table of FIG. 11 in which the correlation between the arm operation amount (amlever) and the correction gain k (function kmo) is defined on a one-to-one basis.
- the correlation between the operation amount and the correction gain k is defined so that the correction gain k increases monotonously with the increase in the arm operation amount based on the cylinder speed with respect to the operation amount obtained in advance through experiments and simulations. ing.
- the third speed calculator 49c calculates a correction amount (k ⁇ cos ⁇ ) related to the arm cylinder speed Vamt3 using the correction gain k obtained in S620.
- the third speed calculation unit 49c adds the correction amount k ⁇ cos ⁇ to the first speed Vamt1 obtained by the first speed calculation unit 49a for the estimated speed of the arm cylinder 6 (third speed (Vamt3)). Value.
- ⁇ is ⁇ 90 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less, so cos ⁇ is a value of 0 or more, and the correction amount k ⁇ cos ⁇ is also a value of 0 or more. That is, the third speed Vamt3 is a value equal to or higher than the first speed Vamt1.
- the arm cylinder speed calculation unit 49 outputs the third speed Vam3 as the arm cylinder speed Vam to the actuator control unit 81, and the arm cylinder speed calculation unit 49 stands by until the next control cycle.
- the speed selection unit 49d determines whether the arm operation amount amelever is smaller than a predetermined threshold level in S630.
- the threshold level (see, for example, FIGS. 11 and 12) is an arm operation amount corresponding to a stroke amount SX in which the bleed-off opening of the arm spool is closed (that is, the bleed-off opening area (center bypass opening area) becomes zero).
- the speed selection unit 49d indicates that the load applied to the arm cylinder 6 by the weight of the driven object is opposite to the driving direction of the arm cylinder 6. It is determined that the second speed (Vamt2) is output to the actuator controller 81 as the arm cylinder speed Vam, and the process proceeds to S640.
- the second speed calculation unit 49b calculates a correction gain k related to the arm cylinder speed Vamt2 based on the arm operation amount amlever calculated by the operation amount calculation unit 43a.
- the function kmi for the second speed calculation unit 49b to calculate the correction gain k in S640 is that the influence of the weight of the driven object of the arm cylinder 6 depends on the meter-in opening area and the bleed of the arm spool related to the flow control valve 15b.
- a function derived from the off-opening area a function correlated with the meter-in opening area and the bleed-off opening area of the arm spool is used.
- the second speed calculation unit 49b has the operation amount calculation unit 43a
- the correction gain k is calculated on the basis of the calculated arm operation amount (amlever) and the table of FIG. 12 in which the correlation between the arm operation amount (amlever) and the correction gain k (function kmi) is defined in a one-to-one relationship. .
- the correlation between the operation amount and the correction gain k is defined so that the correction gain k monotonously decreases as the arm operation amount increases based on the cylinder speed with respect to the operation amount obtained in advance through experiments and simulations. ing.
- the second speed calculator 49b calculates a correction amount (k ⁇ cos ⁇ ) related to the arm cylinder speed Vamt2 using the correction gain k obtained in S640.
- the second speed calculation unit 49b adds the correction amount k ⁇ cos ⁇ to the first speed Vamt1 obtained by the first speed calculation unit 49a for the estimated speed of the arm cylinder 6 (second speed (Vamt2)). Value.
- second speed (Vamt2) the second speed
- the arm cylinder speed calculator 49 outputs the second speed Vam2 to the actuator controller 81 as the arm cylinder speed Vam, and the arm cylinder speed calculator 49 stands by until the next control cycle.
- the speed selection unit 49d determines to output the first speed (Vamt1) as the arm cylinder speed Vam to the actuator control unit 81, and proceeds to S650.
- the first speed calculation unit 49a assumes that the weight of the driven object of the arm cylinder 6 has almost no influence on the arm cylinder speed, and sets the correction gain k to zero.
- the first speed calculation unit 49a sets the speed determined from the correlation in FIG. 9 and the arm operation amount (amlever) as the first speed Vamt1.
- the arm cylinder speed calculator 49 outputs the first speed Vam1 as the arm cylinder speed Vam to the actuator controller 81, and the arm cylinder speed calculator 49 stands by until the next control cycle.
- FIG. 13 shows a flow of boom raising control by the boom control unit 81a.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart of MC executed by the boom control unit 81a, and processing is started when the operating devices 45a, 45b, and 46a are operated by the operator.
- the boom control unit 81a acquires the speeds of the hydraulic cylinders 5, 6, and 7.
- the speeds of the boom cylinder 5 and the bucket cylinder 7 are obtained by calculating the speeds of the boom cylinder 5 and the bucket cylinder 7 based on the operation amounts for the boom 8 and the bucket 10 calculated by the operation amount calculation unit 43a.
- the cylinder speed with respect to the operation amount obtained in advance through experiments and simulations is set as a table, and the speeds of the boom cylinder 5 and the bucket cylinder 7 are calculated accordingly.
- the arm cylinder speed calculation unit 49 outputs the speed Vam (that is, one of the first speed Vamt1, the second speed Vamt2, and the third speed Vamt3) based on the flow of FIG. ) Is acquired as the speed of the arm cylinder 6.
- the boom control unit 81a based on the operation speed of each of the hydraulic cylinders 5, 6, and 7 acquired in S410 and the posture of the working device 1A calculated by the posture calculation unit 43b, The velocity vector B of the toe) is calculated.
- the boom control unit 81a determines the target surface to be controlled from the tip of the bucket based on the distance between the toe position (coordinates) of the bucket 10 calculated by the posture calculation unit 43b and the straight line including the target surface 60 stored in the ROM 93. A distance D up to 60 (see FIG. 5) is calculated. Based on the distance D and the graph of FIG. 14, the limit value ay on the lower limit side of the component perpendicular to the target surface 60 of the velocity vector at the bucket tip is calculated.
- the boom control unit 81a acquires a component by perpendicular to the target surface 60 in the speed vector B at the bucket tip by the operator operation calculated in S420.
- the boom control unit 81a determines whether or not the limit value ay calculated in S430 is 0 or more.
- xy coordinates are set as shown in the upper right of FIG. In the xy coordinates, the x axis is parallel to the target surface 60 and the right direction in the drawing is positive, and the y axis is perpendicular to the target surface 60 and the upward direction in the drawing is positive.
- the vertical component by and the limit value ay are negative, and the horizontal component bx, the horizontal component cx, and the vertical component cy are positive. As is apparent from FIG.
- the boom control unit 81a determines whether or not the vertical component by of the toe velocity vector B by the operator operation is 0 or more. When by is positive, it indicates that the vertical component by of the velocity vector B is upward, and when by is negative, it indicates that the vertical component by of the velocity vector B is downward. If it is determined in S460 that the vertical component by is 0 or more (that is, if the vertical component by is upward), the process proceeds to S470, and if the vertical component by is less than 0, the process proceeds to S500.
- the boom control unit 81a compares the limit value ay with the absolute value of the vertical component by, and if the absolute value of the limit value ay is greater than or equal to the absolute value of the vertical component by, the process proceeds to S500. On the other hand, if the absolute value of the limit value ay is less than the absolute value of the vertical component by, the process proceeds to S530.
- the vertical component cy is calculated based on the equation, the limit value ay in S430 and the vertical component by in S440. Then, a velocity vector C capable of outputting the calculated vertical component cy is calculated, and the horizontal component is set as cx (S510).
- the boom control unit 81a determines whether or not the vertical component by of the toe velocity vector B by the operator operation is 0 or more. If it is determined in S480 that the vertical component by is greater than or equal to 0 (that is, if the vertical component by is upward), the process proceeds to S530, and if the vertical component by is less than 0, the process proceeds to S490.
- the boom control unit 81a compares the limit value ay with the absolute value of the vertical component by. If the absolute value of the limit value ay is equal to or greater than the absolute value of the vertical component by, the process proceeds to S530. On the other hand, if the absolute value of the limit value ay is less than the absolute value of the vertical component by, the process proceeds to S500.
- the boom control unit 81a sets the speed vector C to zero.
- the boom control unit 81a calculates the target speed of each hydraulic cylinder 5, 6, and 7 based on the target speed vector T (ty, tx) determined in S520 or S540. As is apparent from the above description, when the target speed vector T does not coincide with the speed vector B in the case of FIG. 13, the speed vector C generated by the operation of the boom 8 by machine control is added to the speed vector B. A velocity vector T is realized.
- the boom controller 81a sets the target pilot pressure to the flow control valves 15a, 15b, 15c of the hydraulic cylinders 5, 6, 7 based on the target speeds of the cylinders 5, 6, 7 calculated in S550. Calculate.
- the boom control unit 81a outputs the target pilot pressure to the flow control valves 15a, 15b, and 15c of the hydraulic cylinders 5, 6, and 7 to the electromagnetic proportional valve control unit 44.
- the electromagnetic proportional valve control unit 44 controls the electromagnetic proportional valves 54, 55 and 56 so that the target pilot pressure acts on the flow control valves 15a, 15b and 15c of the hydraulic cylinders 5, 6 and 7, and thereby the working device.
- Excavation by 1A is performed.
- the electromagnetic proportional valve 55c is controlled so that the tip of the bucket 10 does not enter the target surface 60, and the boom 8 is raised. Is done automatically.
- the boom control (forced boom raising control) by the boom control unit 81a and the bucket control (bucket angle control) by the bucket control unit 81b are executed as MC, but the distance between the bucket 10 and the target surface 60 You may perform boom control according to D as MC.
- a command (MC) for raising the boom 8 is executed by issuing a command to the electromagnetic valve 54a from the boom control unit 81a.
- the weight of the front work device (the arm 9 and the bucket 10) ahead of the arm 9 acts in the direction of accelerating the arm cylinder speed.
- the actual arm cylinder speed tends to be larger than the value (first speed Vamt1) assumed from the arm operation amount (amlever) at that time.
- the third speed Vamt3 larger than the first speed Vamt1 is output to the actuator controller 81 as the arm cylinder speed Vam. .
- the boom raising operation amount by the MC can be calculated more accurately, so that the MC is stabilized and the construction accuracy of the target surface 60 is improved.
- the correction amount that is, k ⁇ cos ⁇ which is the deviation between the first speed Vamt1 and the third speed Vamt3 is changed in accordance with changes in the arm horizontal angle ⁇ (see FIG. 10) and the arm operation amount (see FIG. 11). Since it is changed, MC stability and construction accuracy can be further improved.
- the front work device (arm 9 and the bucket 10) act in the direction of decelerating the arm cylinder speed, so that the actual arm cylinder speed tends to be smaller than the value (first speed Vamt1) assumed from the arm operation amount (amever) at that time.
- the second speed Vamt2 smaller than the first speed Vamt1 is output to the actuator controller 81 as the arm cylinder speed Vam by the control flow of FIG.
- the boom raising operation amount by the MC can be calculated more accurately, so that the MC is stabilized and the construction accuracy of the target surface 60 is improved.
- a correction amount that is, k ⁇ cos ⁇ which is a deviation between the first speed Vamt1 and the second speed Vamt2 is changed according to changes in the arm horizontal angle ⁇ (see FIG. 10) and the arm operation amount (see FIG. 12). Since it is changed, MC stability and construction accuracy can be further improved.
- the bleed of the arm spool related to the flow control valve 15b is performed.
- the off-opening is closed, and all the pressure oil supplied to the flow control valve 15 b flows to the arm cylinder 6. Therefore, there is almost no influence of the weight of the front work device (arm 9, bucket 10) ahead of the arm 9 on the arm cylinder speed, and the arm cylinder speed (first speed Vamt1) assumed from the arm operation amount (amlever) as before. Is output to the actuator control unit 81 to execute MC.
- the bleed-off opening is closed, the conventional MC stability and construction accuracy can be maintained.
- the arm cylinder speed (first level) assumed from the arm operation amount (amlever) is taken into consideration.
- the deviation from the actual arm cylinder speed is reduced.
- an appropriate boom raising operation amount that is, the target speed of each hydraulic cylinder 5, 6, 7) can be calculated, and the behavior of the bucket tip in the MC can be stabilized.
- the control is made so that the arm cylinder speed is not corrected.
- the system may be configured to output to That is, the system may be configured to proceed to S640 if NO is determined in S610 in FIG.
- the system is configured to proceed to S630 when NO is determined in S610.
- the system may be configured to execute the determination process of S630 before S610.
- the angle sensor that detects the angles of the boom 8, the arm 9, and the bucket 10 is used.
- the attitude information of the shovel may be calculated by a cylinder stroke sensor instead of the angle sensor.
- the hydraulic pilot type excavator has been described as an example, but an electric lever type excavator may be configured to control a command current generated from the electric lever.
- the speed vector calculation method for the front work apparatus 1A may be obtained from the angular velocity calculated by differentiating the angles of the boom 8, the arm 9 and the bucket 10 instead of the pilot pressure by the operator operation.
- Each configuration related to the control controller 40 and the functions and execution processes of each configuration are realized by hardware (for example, designing logic for executing each function with an integrated circuit). Also good.
- the configuration related to the control controller 40 may be a program (software) that realizes each function related to the configuration of the control controller 40 by being read and executed by an arithmetic processing device (for example, a CPU).
- Information related to the program can be stored in, for example, a semiconductor memory (flash memory, SSD, etc.), a magnetic storage device (hard disk drive, etc.), a recording medium (magnetic disk, optical disc, etc.), and the like.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes various modifications within the scope not departing from the gist thereof.
- the present invention is not limited to the one having all the configurations described in the above embodiment, and includes a configuration in which a part of the configuration is deleted.
- a part of the configuration according to the embodiment may be replaced with another configuration, or another configuration may be added.
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Abstract
Description
図1は本発明の実施形態に係る油圧ショベルの構成図であり,図2は本発明の実施形態に係る油圧ショベルの制御コントローラを油圧駆動装置と共に示す図であり,図3は図2中のフロント制御用油圧ユニット160の詳細図である。
図3に示すように,フロント制御用油圧ユニット160は,ブーム8用の操作装置45aのパイロットライン144a,144bに設けられ,操作レバー1aの操作量としてパイロット圧(第1制御信号)を検出する圧力センサ70a,70bと,一次ポート側がポンプライン148aを介してパイロットポンプ48に接続されパイロットポンプ48からのパイロット圧を減圧して出力する電磁比例弁54aと,ブーム8用の操作装置45aのパイロットライン144aと電磁比例弁54aの二次ポート側に接続され,パイロットライン144a内のパイロット圧と電磁比例弁54aから出力される制御圧(第2制御信号)の高圧側を選択し,流量制御弁15aの油圧駆動部150aに導くシャトル弁82aと,ブーム8用の操作装置45aのパイロットライン144bに設置され,制御コントローラ40からの制御信号を基にパイロットライン144b内のパイロット圧(第1制御信号)を低減して出力する電磁比例弁54bを備えている。
図4において制御コントローラ40は,入力部91と,プロセッサである中央処理装置(CPU)92と,記憶装置であるリードオンリーメモリ(ROM)93及びランダムアクセスメモリ(RAM)94と,出力部95とを有している。入力部91は,作業装置姿勢検出装置50である角度センサ30~32及び傾斜角センサ33からの信号と,目標面60を設定するための装置である目標面設定装置51からの信号と,操作装置45a,45b,46aからの操作量を検出する圧力センサ(圧力センサ70,71,72を含む)であるオペレータ操作量検出装置52aからの信号を入力し,CPU92が演算可能なように変換する。ROM93は,後述するフローチャートに係る処理を含めMCを実行するための制御プログラムと,当該フローチャートの実行に必要な各種情報等が記憶された記録媒体であり,CPU92は,ROM93に記憶された制御プログラムに従って入力部91及びメモリ93,94から取り入れた信号に対して所定の演算処理を行う。出力部95は,CPU92での演算結果に応じた出力用の信号を作成し,その信号を電磁比例弁54~56または表示装置53に出力することで,油圧アクチュエータ5~7を駆動・制御したり,車体1B,バケット10及び目標面60等の画像を表示装置53の画面上に表示させたりする。
図10にアームシリンダ速度演算部49がアクチュエータ制御部81に出力するアームシリンダ6の速度Vamを算出するフローチャート図を示す。アームシリンダ速度演算部49は図10のフローを所定の制御周期で繰り返し実行する。なお,下記で説明するフローでは速度選択部49dによる速度選択が行われた後に出力対象の速度(Vamt1,Vamt2,Vamt3)を演算しているが,速度選択部49dによる速度選択の前に第1速度演算部49a,第2速度演算部49b及び第3速度演算部49cでアームシリンダ速度(Vamt1,Vamt2,Vamt3)をそれぞれ演算しておき,速度選択部49dの判定処理の終了後にその判定結果に対応したアームシリンダ速度のみをアクチュエータ制御部81に出力するようにフローを構成しても良いことはいうまでもない。
本実施の形態の制御コントローラ40は,ブーム制御部81aによるブーム上げ制御をMCとして実行する。このブーム制御部81aによるブーム上げ制御のフローを図13に示す。図13はブーム制御部81aで実行されるMCのフローチャートであり,操作装置45a,45b,46aがオペレータにより操作されると処理が開始される。
上記のように構成される油圧ショベルにおいて,図15の状態S1(アーム水平角度φ1≦90度)から状態S2(アーム水平角度φ2>90度)に遷移する場合のオペレータ操作と,制御コントローラ40(ブーム制御部81a)によるMCについて説明する。
上記の実施形態では,アーム水平角度φが90度を超えたときかつアーム操作量が閾値levert以上のときはアームシリンダ速度を補正しない制御としたが,この場合も第2速度をアクチュエータ制御部81に出力するようにシステムを構成しても良い。すなわち図10においてS610でNOと判定された場合にはS640に進むようにシステムを構成しても良い。
Claims (4)
- アームを含む複数のフロント部材を有する作業装置と,
前記アームを駆動するアームシリンダを含み前記複数のフロント部材を駆動する複数の油圧アクチュエータと,
オペレータの操作に応じて前記複数の油圧アクチュエータの動作を指示する操作装置と,
前記操作装置の操作時に,前記複数の油圧アクチュエータの速度と予め定めた条件に従って前記複数の油圧アクチュエータの少なくとも1つを制御するアクチュエータ制御部を有する制御装置と,
前記アームの姿勢に関する物理量を検出する姿勢検出装置と,
前記操作装置の操作量のうち前記アームに対する操作量に関する物理量を検出する操作量検出装置とを備える作業機械において,
前記制御装置は,
前記操作量検出装置の検出値から算出した第1速度を前記アームシリンダの速度として算出する第1速度演算部と,
前記姿勢検出装置の検出値に基づいて前記アームの自重が前記アームシリンダに与える荷重の方向を判定し,前記荷重の方向が前記アームシリンダの駆動方向と逆であると判定したとき前記アームシリンダの速度として前記第1速度より小さい第2速度を前記アームシリンダの速度として算出する第2速度演算部と,
前記荷重の方向が前記アームシリンダの駆動方向と同じであると判定したとき前記アームシリンダの速度として前記第1速度以上の第3速度を前記アームシリンダの速度として算出する第3速度演算部とを備えることを特徴とする作業機械。 - 請求項1の作業機械において,
前記第2速度演算部は,前記アームの自重の影響を考慮して前記第2速度を算出し,
前記第3速度演算部は,前記アームの自重の影響を考慮して前記第3速度を算出することを特徴とする作業機械。 - 請求項1の作業機械において,
前記第1速度と前記第2速度の偏差である第1補正量と,前記第1速度と前記第3速度の偏差である第2補正量は,それぞれ,前記姿勢検出装置の検出値と前記操作量検出装置の検出値の変化に応じて変化することを特徴とする作業機械。 - 請求項1の作業機械において,
前記第1速度演算部で算出された前記第1速度,前記第2速度演算部で算出された前記第2速度,及び前記第3速度演算部で算出された前記第3速度のいずれか1つを前記アクチュエータ制御部に出力する速度選択部を備え,
前記速度選択部は,
前記操作量検出装置の検出値が所定値以上のとき,前記アームシリンダの速度として前記第1速度を前記アクチュエータ制御部に出力し,
前記操作量検出装置の検出値が前記所定値未満かつ前記荷重の方向が前記アームシリンダの駆動方向と逆であると判定したとき,前記アームシリンダの速度として前記第2速度を前記アクチュエータ制御部に出力し,
前記操作量検出装置の検出値が前記所定値未満かつ前記荷重の方向が前記アームシリンダの駆動方向と同じであると判定したとき,前記アームシリンダの速度として前記第3速度を前記アクチュエータ制御部に出力することを特徴とする作業機械。
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