WO2019198457A1 - Pile à combustible et empilement de piles à combustible - Google Patents

Pile à combustible et empilement de piles à combustible Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2019198457A1
WO2019198457A1 PCT/JP2019/011953 JP2019011953W WO2019198457A1 WO 2019198457 A1 WO2019198457 A1 WO 2019198457A1 JP 2019011953 W JP2019011953 W JP 2019011953W WO 2019198457 A1 WO2019198457 A1 WO 2019198457A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flow path
separator
fuel
battery cell
diffusion layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2019/011953
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
良文 田口
勉 川島
努 藤井
Original Assignee
パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 filed Critical パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社
Publication of WO2019198457A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019198457A1/fr

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H01M8/0273—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel cell and a fuel cell stack.
  • the fuel cell stack has a structure in which fuel cell cells (hereinafter referred to as cells) are stacked.
  • the cell includes a polymer electrolyte membrane, a membrane electrode assembly having a pair of electrodes that sandwich the polymer electrolyte membrane, and a pair of separators that sandwich the membrane electrode assembly.
  • the polymer electrolyte membrane is composed of an electrolyte having a polymer ion exchange membrane such as a fluororesin ion exchange membrane having a sulfonic acid group or a hydrocarbon resin ion exchange membrane.
  • the electrode is composed of a catalyst layer that is located on the electrolyte membrane side and promotes the oxidation-reduction reaction, and a gas diffusion layer that is located outside the catalyst layer and has air permeability and conductivity.
  • the catalyst layer includes, for example, platinum or an alloy of platinum and ruthenium.
  • the separator is a conductive member for preventing the fuel gas supplied to one fuel electrode of the electrode from being mixed with the oxidant gas supplied to the other air electrode of the electrode.
  • the cell is further provided with a seal member for keeping the gas tightness of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas, and an outer peripheral member for reinforcing the outer peripheral portion of the membrane electrode assembly as required.
  • the fuel cell stack is electrically connected in series by stacking the cells as described above.
  • the fuel cell stack further includes an end plate that sandwiches the cell stack. Further, in order to apply a uniform load to the cell stack, a spring module or an elastic member may be disposed between the cell stack and the end plate.
  • the fuel gas flow path, the oxidant gas flow path, and the refrigerant flow path are generally formed in the separator by compression molding, pressing, welding, or the like.
  • a flow path may be formed in the outer peripheral member of the membrane electrode assembly.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a membrane electrode assembly in which carbon material protrusions are formed on a metal plate.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a membrane electrode assembly in which a plate that is easy to press is manufactured by thermal spraying and different flow channel shapes are formed on the front and back sides.
  • Patent Document 3 discloses a structure in which a flow path is formed in a gas diffusion layer on a membrane electrode assembly.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses that the degree of freedom in channel design is improved by forming carbon protrusions while reducing the thickness and increasing the strength by using a metal plate for the membrane electrode assembly. ing.
  • one separator is composed of a plurality of layers, there is a problem that the resistance value increases due to the contact resistance at the interface of the plurality of layers.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses that, as a membrane electrode assembly, a plate that can be easily pressed by thermal spraying is formed to form channels having different shapes on the front and back sides. With this configuration, since there is no interface in the separator as in Patent Document 1, the resistance value can be reduced. However, when the flow paths are formed on the front and back sides of the membrane electrode assembly, the difference in thickness between the thin part and the thick part becomes large, and the deep groove in which the thickness of the thick part is more than three times that of the thin part. It is difficult to perform processing with low cost and high accuracy. Therefore, it has the subject that a thin part cannot be made thin.
  • Patent Document 3 discloses that a flow path is formed in a gas diffusion layer of a membrane electrode assembly.
  • a flow path is formed in a gas diffusion layer of a membrane electrode assembly.
  • the gas diffusion layer is in contact with the polymer electrolyte membrane via the electrode. Therefore, for example, when the rib of the flow path formed in the gas diffusion layer on the cathode electrode side faces the groove of the flow path formed in the gas diffusion layer on the anode electrode side, the polymer electrolyte membrane buckles, There exists a subject that durability of a cell falls.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell and a fuel cell stack that can achieve a reduction in thickness, resistance, and durability.
  • a fuel cell according to an aspect of the present invention is a fuel cell formed by sandwiching a membrane electrode assembly between a first separator and a second separator, and the membrane electrode assembly includes the first separator and the fuel cell.
  • a first gas diffusion layer provided with a first flow path is provided on the first opposing surface, and a second gas diffusion layer having a substantially flat surface is provided on the second surface opposite to the second separator.
  • a surface facing the first surface is a substantially flat surface
  • the second separator has a second flow path on a surface facing the second surface.
  • the fuel cell stack according to one aspect of the present invention is formed by stacking a plurality of fuel cells according to one aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of a fuel cell according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded cross-sectional view of FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of the membrane electrode assembly according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of the second separator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG.
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion C shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing another example of the BB cross section of FIG.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing another example of the BB cross section of FIG. FIG.
  • FIG. 10 is a plan view showing another example of the fuel cell according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to BB in FIG. 1, showing a configuration example of the fuel cell according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to BB in FIG. 1, showing another configuration example of the fuel cell according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a plan view showing another configuration example of the flow path of the fuel battery cell according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram schematically illustrating the definition of the main flow direction with respect to the gas diffusion layer of one pole.
  • FIG. 17 is a plan view of the first separator when the two main flow directions are the same.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of the fuel cell 100 of the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded cross-sectional view of FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of the membrane electrode assembly 130 shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of the second separator 120 of the other pole.
  • 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG.
  • FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 8 and 9 are diagrams showing another example of the BB cross section of FIG.
  • the fuel cell 100 includes a separator on one electrode (hereinafter referred to as a first separator) 110, a separator on the other electrode (hereinafter referred to as a second separator) 120, and a membrane electrode joint It has a body 130.
  • the 1st separator 110 and the 2nd separator 120 are arrange
  • the membrane electrode assembly 130, the first separator 110, and the second separator 120 are each provided with a refrigerant supply / discharge port 140 that is a hole penetrating in the stacking direction (vertical direction in FIG. 2). It has been.
  • the first separator 110 is provided with a fuel gas supply / discharge port 141 and an oxidant gas supply / discharge port 142.
  • the fuel gas supply / discharge port 141 and the oxidant gas supply / discharge port 142 are also holes that penetrate in the stacking direction.
  • Each of the membrane electrode assembly 130 and the second separator 120 is also provided with a fuel gas supply / exhaust port 141 and an oxidant gas supply / exhaust port 142 as in the first separator 110 shown in FIG. 1 (FIG. 5). reference).
  • two fuel gas supply / discharge ports 141 are provided.
  • the fuel gas supplied from one fuel gas supply / exhaust port 141 passes through the first flow path 132 (see FIG. 2) formed between the first separator 110 and the membrane electrode assembly 130, and the membrane electrode assembly 130. Supplied to one side of the. Thereafter, the fuel gas is discharged from the other fuel gas supply / exhaust port 141.
  • the number of fuel gas supply / exhaust ports 141 is not limited to two.
  • two oxidant gas supply / exhaust ports 142 are provided.
  • the oxidant gas supplied from one oxidant gas supply / exhaust port 142 passes through the second channel 121 (see FIG. 2) formed between the second separator 120 and the membrane electrode assembly 130, and is joined to the membrane electrode. Supplied to the other side of the body 130. Thereafter, the oxidant gas is discharged from the other oxidant gas supply / exhaust port 142.
  • the number of oxidant gas supply / exhaust ports 142 is not limited to two.
  • the fuel battery cell 100 generates electric power through the reaction between the fuel gas and the oxidant gas via the membrane electrode assembly 130, and generates current through the first separator 110 and the second separator 120 made of a conductive material. It has a structure that can be taken out. Furthermore, when the several fuel battery cell 100 is laminated
  • the membrane electrode assembly 130 includes a gas diffusion layer 131 on one pole, a gas diffusion layer 133 on the other pole, a polymer electrolyte membrane 135, and an outer peripheral member 136.
  • the gas diffusion layer 131 (an example of the first gas diffusion layer) is provided on one surface (the upper surface in the drawing) of the polymer electrolyte membrane 135.
  • the gas diffusion layer 133 (an example of the second gas diffusion layer) is provided on the other surface (the lower surface in the drawing) of the polymer electrolyte membrane 135.
  • catalyst electrodes (not shown) are provided on both surfaces of the polymer electrolyte membrane 135.
  • a first flow path 132 through which fuel gas flows is formed on the surface in contact with the first separator 110.
  • the surface 134 in contact with the second separator 120 is a substantially flat surface.
  • the approximate plane is defined as a surface having no unevenness with a depth of 30% or more with respect to the thickness of the gas diffusion layer 133.
  • the surface of the substantially flat surface is a porous shape composed of carbon particles, carbon fibers, resin, and the like.
  • the composition of the gas diffusion layers 131 and 133 is not particularly limited, but is preferably composed mainly of carbon particles and a binder resin. If it is the composition, the 1st flow path 132 can be formed easily by press work, printing, etc.
  • the groove width, rib width, and groove depth of the first flow path 132 are not particularly limited, and may be any size.
  • the groove width is desirably 0.2 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less.
  • the groove width is larger than 0.5 mm, the deformation of the gas diffusion layer 131 becomes large during the lamination fastening (details will be described later). Thereby, a part of 1st flow path 132 will be obstruct
  • the groove width is less than 0.2 mm, it is difficult to discharge condensed water.
  • laminate fastening means that the first separator 110, the second separator 120, and the membrane electrode assembly 130 are laminated and fastened, and may be referred to as “assembly of fuel cell”. Or it may say that a plurality of fuel cells 100 are stacked and fastened, and may be referred to as “assembly of fuel cell stack”.
  • the shape of the first flow path 132 may be freely selected from straight (straight) or serpentine (meandering).
  • a branching part or a merging part may be formed in the first flow path 132.
  • the first flow path 132 since the first flow path 132 is formed only in the gas diffusion layer 131, the first flow path 132 does not face the polymer electrolyte membrane 135. . Therefore, buckling deformation of the polymer electrolyte membrane 135 can be prevented even when the position of the first flow path 132 is shifted beyond the groove width during lamination fastening.
  • a frame-shaped outer peripheral member 136 made of an insulating material sandwiches both surfaces of the polymer electrolyte membrane 135 at the outer peripheral portion in the surface direction of the polymer electrolyte membrane 135. It is provided as follows.
  • the outer peripheral member 136 and the polymer electrolyte membrane 135 are joined by adhesion, pressure bonding, or molding via an adhesive (not shown).
  • the joining is not necessarily required, and the outer peripheral member 136 may simply hold the polymer electrolyte membrane 135.
  • a sealing material (not shown) may be provided between the outer peripheral member 136 and the polymer electrolyte membrane 135.
  • the outer peripheral member 136 is formed with a refrigerant supply / discharge port 140, a fuel gas supply / discharge port 141, and an oxidant gas supply / discharge port 142. Further, a first connection channel 137 is formed in the outer peripheral member 136.
  • the first connection channel 137 is a channel that connects the first channel 132 and the fuel gas supply / exhaust port 141 (see FIGS. 4 and 6).
  • a plurality of first protrusions 138 are formed inside the first connection flow path 137 in order to support a load at the time of stacking and suppress deformation.
  • the first convex portion 138 shown in FIG. 4 is, for example, a cylindrical rib as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, but the shape is not limited to the cylindrical shape, and may be other shapes such as a rectangular column or a triangular column. There may be.
  • the number of the 1st convex parts 138 is not limited to the number shown in FIG. Note that the first convex portion 138 may not be provided.
  • the portion 112 in contact with the gas diffusion layer 131 is substantially planar.
  • the approximate plane is defined as a surface having no unevenness with a depth of 30% or more with respect to the thickness of the thin portion of the first separator 110.
  • the surface treatment of the first separator 110 is not particularly limited. However, the surface arithmetic average roughness of the portion 112 in contact with the gas diffusion layer is desirably 2 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less.
  • the first separator 110 can be bitten into the membrane electrode assembly 130 while compressing the gas diffusion layer 131 and maintaining contact with the gas diffusion layer 131 at the time of lamination fastening. Thereby, the contact surface area of the 1st separator 110 and the membrane electrode assembly 130 can be increased. Therefore, contact resistance can be reduced.
  • the first separator 110 has a third flow path 111 through which a coolant flows on the back surface of the surface in contact with the membrane electrode assembly 130 (the surface including the portion 112 in contact with the gas diffusion layer) (FIG. 1). (See FIGS. 3, 6, and 7).
  • the first separator 110 is formed with a refrigerant supply / discharge port 140, a fuel gas supply / discharge port 141, and an oxidant gas supply / discharge port 142.
  • the third flow path 111 and the refrigerant supply / discharge port 140 communicate with each other.
  • the groove width, rib width, and groove depth of the third flow path 111 are not particularly limited. Further, the shape of the third channel 111 may be freely selected from straight (straight) or serpentine (meandering). Further, in the third flow path 111, a branching part or a merging part may be formed. Moreover, the 3rd flow path 111 and the refrigerant
  • the composition of the first separator 110 and the processing method of the first separator 110 are not particularly limited. Since the back surface of the formation surface of the third flow path 111 is a substantially flat surface, the first separator 110 can be easily manufactured by a processing method such as molding or thermal spraying regardless of the material. Therefore, a metal material can be used as the material of the first separator 110.
  • ⁇ Second separator 120> In the second separator 120, a second flow path 121 through which an oxidant gas flows is formed in a portion in contact with the membrane electrode assembly 130 in a portion in contact with the gas diffusion layer 133 (FIGS. 2, 3, and 5). (See FIG. 7).
  • the groove width, rib width, and groove depth of the second flow path 121 are not particularly limited and may be any size. However, the groove width is desirably 0.2 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less. When the groove width is larger than 0.5 mm, the deformation of the gas diffusion layer 133 becomes large at the time of stacking. Thereby, a part of 2nd flow path 121 will be obstruct
  • the shape of the second flow path 121 may be freely selected from straight (straight) or serpentine (meandering). Further, a branching part or a merging part may be formed in the second flow path 121.
  • the back surface portion 122 (an example of a substantially flat surface portion) of the surface in contact with the membrane electrode assembly 130 is a substantially flat surface.
  • This portion 122 corresponds to a portion in contact with the gas diffusion layer 133 on the surface in contact with the membrane electrode assembly 130.
  • the approximate plane is defined as a surface having no unevenness with a depth of 30% or more with respect to the thickness of the thin portion of the second separator 120.
  • the surface treatment of the second separator 120 is not particularly limited. However, the surface arithmetic average roughness of the portion 122 is preferably 2 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less.
  • the second separator 120 can be bitten into the membrane electrode assembly 130 while compressing the gas diffusion layer 133 and maintaining contact with the gas diffusion layer 133 at the time of stacking. Thereby, the contact surface area of the 2nd separator 120 and the membrane electrode assembly 130 can be increased. Therefore, contact resistance can be reduced.
  • the second separator 120 has a refrigerant supply / discharge port 140, a fuel gas supply / discharge port 141, and an oxidant gas supply / discharge port 142.
  • the second separator 120 is formed with a second connection channel 123.
  • the second connection channel 123 is a channel that connects the second channel 121 and the oxidant gas supply / exhaust port 142 (see FIGS. 5 to 7).
  • a plurality of third convex portions 124 are formed inside the second connection flow path 123 in order to support a load at the time of stacking and suppress deformation.
  • the third convex portion 124 shown in FIG. 5 is, for example, a cylindrical rib as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, but the shape is not limited to the cylindrical shape, and may be other shapes such as a rectangular column or a triangular column. There may be.
  • the number of the 3rd convex parts 124 is not limited to the number shown in FIG. Note that the third convex portion 124 may be omitted.
  • the entire back surface facing the surface of the second separator 120 in contact with the gas diffusion layer 133 may be a substantially flat surface, or only the portion 122 of the back surface may be a generally flat surface. In the latter case, a flow path or the like may be formed in a portion that does not overlap the facing surface portion of the second connection flow path 123 (see FIG. 5) in the outer peripheral portion of the portion 122.
  • the composition of the second separator 120 and the processing method of the second separator 120 are not particularly limited. Since the back surface of the formation surface of the second channel 121 is a substantially flat surface, the second separator 120 can be easily manufactured by a processing method such as molding or thermal spraying regardless of the material. Therefore, a metal material can be used as the material of the second separator 120.
  • the fuel cell 100 is formed by laminating a first separator 110, a membrane electrode assembly 130, and a second separator 120 (see FIG. 2).
  • the outer peripheral member 136 is composed of an elastic body (for example, rubber) or a film-like adhesive sheet.
  • the outer peripheral member 136 has a structure that prevents leakage of refrigerant, fuel gas, and oxidant gas without using another sealing material or adhesive.
  • a sealing material or an adhesive may be provided on a part of the surface in contact with each of the first separator 110 and the second separator 120. Further, a groove for disposing the sealing material or the adhesive may be formed in the first separator 110, the second separator 120, or the outer peripheral member 136.
  • first flow path 132 is connected to the fuel gas supply / discharge port 141 and the second flow path 121 is connected to the oxidant gas supply / discharge port 142. It is not limited.
  • the first flow path 132 may be connected to the oxidant gas supply / discharge port 142, and the second flow path 121 may be connected to the fuel gas supply / discharge port 141.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example in which the main flow directions of the third flow path 111 and the first flow path 132 are substantially orthogonal, and the first flow path 132 and the second flow path 121 are parallel. It is not limited to this.
  • the main flow direction of each flow path may be the same direction or may be different.
  • FIG. 8 shows a case where the main flow directions of the third flow path 111, the first flow path 132, and the second flow path 121 are configured in parallel.
  • the refrigerant supply / discharge port 140, the fuel gas supply / discharge port 141, and the oxidant gas supply / discharge port 142 are arranged on extensions of the respective flow paths in the main flow direction.
  • the outer peripheral member 136 may be formed with a recess 123 b that constitutes a part or all of the second connection flow path 123. Furthermore, you may form the 3rd convex part 124 inside the recessed part 123b as needed.
  • the fuel cell 100 has a structure (so-called internal manifold structure) in which the refrigerant supply / exhaust port 140, the fuel gas supply / exhaust port 141, and the oxidant gas supply / exhaust port 142 are provided.
  • an external manifold structure may be used. A part or all of these supply / discharge ports are structured as separate parts (see FIGS. 10 and 11).
  • the fuel battery cell 100 is formed by sandwiching the membrane electrode assembly 130 between the first separator 110 and the second separator 120.
  • the membrane electrode assembly 130 has a gas diffusion layer 131 provided with a concavo-convex portion (first flow path 132) on the first surface facing the first separator 110.
  • the membrane electrode assembly 130 has an outer peripheral member 136 provided with an uneven portion (first connection channel 137, first convex portion 138) on the outer peripheral portion thereof.
  • the membrane electrode assembly 130 has a substantially flat gas diffusion layer 133 on the second surface opposite to the second separator 120, which is the back surface of the first surface.
  • the first separator 110 has a substantially flat surface on the surface facing the first surface of the membrane electrode assembly 130.
  • the second separator 120 has a concavo-convex portion (a second flow channel 121, a second connection flow channel 123, and a third convex portion 124) on a surface facing the second surface of the membrane electrode assembly 130.
  • the back surface (the surface in contact with the membrane electrode assembly 130) on which the third channel 111 is formed is a substantially flat surface, and no channel is formed.
  • the above configuration is not a configuration in which the flow paths are formed on both surfaces of the first separator 110 and the positions of the flow paths overlap. Therefore, in the 1st separator 110, the difference of the thickness of a thin part and a thick part can be made small.
  • the first separator 110 can be easily manufactured by a method such as molding or thermal spraying regardless of the material, the first separator 110 can be made of a metal material. As a result, the resistance and thickness of the fuel cell 100 can be reduced. Moreover, the improvement of the freedom degree of the design of a flow path and the reduction of the manufacturing cost of the fuel cell 100 are also realizable.
  • the back surface of the second separator 120 on which the second flow channel 121 is formed (the surface in contact with the membrane electrode assembly 130) is a substantially flat surface, and no flow channel is formed.
  • the above configuration is not a configuration in which the flow paths are formed on both surfaces of the second separator 120 and the positions of the flow paths overlap. Therefore, in the 2nd separator 120, the difference of the thickness of a thin part and a thick part can be made small.
  • the second separator 120 can be easily manufactured regardless of the material by a method such as molding or thermal spraying, the second separator 120 can be made of a metal material. As a result, the resistance and thickness of the fuel cell 100 can be reduced. Moreover, the improvement of the freedom degree of the design of a flow path and the reduction of the manufacturing cost of the fuel cell 100 are also realizable.
  • the first flow path 132 is provided only in the gas diffusion layer 131 on one surface (the surface in contact with the first separator 110), and on the other surface. Is not provided with a flow path. Therefore, buckling deformation of the polymer electrolyte membrane 135 due to misalignment of the flow path or the like can be prevented during the lamination fastening. As a result, high durability of the fuel battery cell 100 can be realized.
  • FIG. 12 shows a configuration example of the fuel battery cell 200 of the present embodiment, and is a cross-sectional view corresponding to BB in FIG.
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to BB in FIG. 1, showing another configuration example of the fuel battery cell 200 of the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 is a plan view showing another example of the flow path configuration of the fuel battery cell 200 of the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram schematically illustrating the definition of the main flow direction with respect to the gas diffusion layer of one pole.
  • FIG. 17 is a plan view of the first separator 110 when the two main flow directions are the same.
  • the main distribution directions D2 and D2 ′ are different.
  • the main flow direction D1 is defined as the normal direction of the side of the edge 101 (see FIG. 1) of the electrode region and toward the outer periphery of the fuel cell 100.
  • the edge 101 (FIG. 1) of the electrode region is a projected portion in the stacking direction of the edge of the gas diffusion layer 131 (FIG. 2).
  • the definition of the main flow directions D2 and D2 'with respect to the gas diffusion layer 131 will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 16, even if the first flow path 132 inside the edge 101 of the electrode region is formed in a bent shape or a meandering shape, it is the direction as a whole.
  • the definitions of the main distribution directions D1 and D1 ' are the same as described above.
  • the main flow directions D1 and D1 'and the main flow directions D2 and D2' may be opposite to each other as shown in FIG. 12, but may be the same or orthogonal. It suffices if the directions of the main flow directions D2 and D2 'are different from both of the main flow directions D1 and D1'.
  • a fourth flow path 137b is formed relative to the first connection flow path 137 (the flow path formed in the outer peripheral member 136 of the membrane electrode assembly 130). ing.
  • the fourth flow path 137b constitutes part or all of the first connection flow path 137.
  • the fourth flow path 137b is formed to extend along the edge 101 of the electrode region by changing the directions of the main flow directions D1, D1 ′ and the main flow directions D2, D2 ′, the third flow direction It is possible to avoid the formation of the fourth flow path 137b so as to overlap the back surface side of the portion where the flow path 111 is formed.
  • the fourth flow path 137b formed in this way can reduce the pressure loss of the gas flowing through the first connection flow path 137 and improve the performance during power generation.
  • the fourth flow path 137b is provided at a position that does not overlap the third flow path 111 when viewed from the stacking direction, and functions as part or all of the first connection flow path 137.
  • the position of the fourth flow path 137b may be connected to the first connection flow path 137 instead of being directly connected to the first flow path 132 as shown in FIG. It may be.
  • the main flow direction D1 of the third flow path 111 and the main flow direction D2 of the first flow path 132 are in the same direction.
  • the fourth flow path 137b is also formed at a position facing a part of the third flow path 111. It will be formed. In that portion, the difference in thickness between the thin portion and the thick portion of the first separator 110 becomes large.
  • the fourth flow path 137b is formed on the back side of the surface shown in FIG.
  • the outer peripheral member 136 may be formed with a concave portion 123 b that constitutes a part or all of the second connection flow path 123. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 13, the third convex portion 124 may be formed inside the concave portion 123 b as necessary.
  • the entire back surface of the surface in contact with the gas diffusion layer 133 may be a substantially flat surface, or only the portion 122 of the back surface may be formed. It may be a substantially flat surface. In the latter case, a channel or the like may be formed in a portion that does not overlap with the facing surface portion of the second connection channel 123 in the outer peripheral portion of the portion 122.
  • each channel of the present embodiment may freely select straight (straight) or serpentine (meandering). Further, a branching part or a merging part may be formed in each flow path.
  • each flow path may be the configuration shown in FIGS.
  • FIG. 14 is a plan view of the first separator 110 showing another configuration example of the flow path
  • FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.
  • the first flow path 132 formed in the gas diffusion layer 131 of the membrane electrode assembly 130 communicates with the oxidant gas supply / discharge port 142.
  • the main flow directions D1 and D1 'of the third flow path 111 and the main flow directions D2 and D2' of the first flow path 132 are different from each other.
  • the fuel cell 100 has a so-called internal manifold structure in which a refrigerant supply / discharge port 140, a fuel gas supply / discharge port 141, and an oxidant gas supply / discharge port 142 are provided.
  • a part or all of the supply / discharge port may be configured as a separate part so-called external manifold structure.
  • the fuel cell 200 has an internal manifold structure in which the refrigerant supply / discharge port 140, the fuel gas supply / discharge port 141, and the oxidant gas supply / discharge port 142 are provided.
  • an external manifold structure may be used.
  • a fuel cell stack can be formed by stacking a plurality of the fuel cell cells 200 described above.
  • the third flow path 111 is not formed on the opposing surface of the portion where the fourth flow path 137b is processed, and there is a difference in thickness between the thin part and the thick part. It has a small shape. Therefore, even if the 4th channel 137b is provided, the 1st separator 110 can be manufactured easily. Moreover, since the cross-sectional area of the 1st connection flow path 137 can be expanded by the 4th flow path 137b, the pressure loss of gas can be reduced. As a result, the performance during power generation can be improved.
  • the present invention can be applied to a stationary fuel cell or a mobile fuel cell.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention utilise une cellule de pile à combustible formée en intercalant un conjugant d'électrode à membrane entre un premier séparateur et un second séparateur. Le conjugant d'électrode à membrane a une première couche de diffusion de gaz pourvue d'un premier passage d'écoulement sur une première surface faisant face au premier séparateur et a une seconde couche de diffusion de gaz sensiblement plane sur une seconde surface faisant face au second séparateur. Dans le premier séparateur, une surface faisant face à la première surface est sensiblement plane. Le second séparateur a un second passage d'écoulement sur une surface faisant face à la seconde surface.
PCT/JP2019/011953 2018-04-10 2019-03-22 Pile à combustible et empilement de piles à combustible WO2019198457A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2018-075550 2018-04-10
JP2018075550A JP2021114355A (ja) 2018-04-10 2018-04-10 燃料電池セルおよび燃料電池スタック

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019198457A1 true WO2019198457A1 (fr) 2019-10-17

Family

ID=68163189

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP2019/011953 WO2019198457A1 (fr) 2018-04-10 2019-03-22 Pile à combustible et empilement de piles à combustible

Country Status (2)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2021114355A (fr)
WO (1) WO2019198457A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011096205A1 (fr) * 2010-02-05 2011-08-11 パナソニック株式会社 Pile à combustible électrolytique polymère
JP2011258428A (ja) * 2010-06-09 2011-12-22 Panasonic Corp 高分子電解質形燃料電池及びそれを備える燃料電池スタック
JP2012059694A (ja) * 2009-09-01 2012-03-22 Panasonic Corp 膜電極接合体及びその製造方法、並びに燃料電池
JP2014170670A (ja) * 2013-03-04 2014-09-18 Honda Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012059694A (ja) * 2009-09-01 2012-03-22 Panasonic Corp 膜電極接合体及びその製造方法、並びに燃料電池
WO2011096205A1 (fr) * 2010-02-05 2011-08-11 パナソニック株式会社 Pile à combustible électrolytique polymère
JP2011258428A (ja) * 2010-06-09 2011-12-22 Panasonic Corp 高分子電解質形燃料電池及びそれを備える燃料電池スタック
JP2014170670A (ja) * 2013-03-04 2014-09-18 Honda Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2021114355A (ja) 2021-08-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN109713344B (zh) 发电单电池
JP2018022595A (ja) 燃料電池スタック
JP2017139218A (ja) 燃料電池スタックの製造方法及び燃料電池用金属セパレータの製造方法
CN109980240B (zh) 发电单电池
CN109962257B (zh) 发电单电池
KR101819798B1 (ko) 연료 전지용 세퍼레이터, 연료 전지 셀 및 연료 전지
US10388969B2 (en) Bipolar plate for a fuel cell, and a method manufacturing the same
US10707497B2 (en) Fuel cell
US20090004537A1 (en) Fuel Cell
JP2006331783A (ja) 燃料電池用単セル
CN109755607B (zh) 凸起密封结构
JP6090091B2 (ja) 燃料電池
JP6493549B2 (ja) 燃料電池スタック
JP2011222393A (ja) 燃料電池
CN109659579B (zh) 燃料电池用接合隔板以及燃料电池堆
JP5081494B2 (ja) 燃料電池
CN115149057B (zh) 发电电池和带树脂框的膜电极组件
JP2006147258A (ja) セパレータ及び燃料電池スタック
WO2019198457A1 (fr) Pile à combustible et empilement de piles à combustible
US10170787B2 (en) Separator
JP5443254B2 (ja) 燃料電池
JP2007012382A (ja) セパレータ及び該セパレータを備える燃料電池
JP2020092076A (ja) 燃料電池用分離板組立体およびこれを含む燃料電池スタック
JP7111661B2 (ja) 燃料電池用金属セパレータ、接合セパレータ及び発電セル
JP5050434B2 (ja) 燃料電池

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 19784996

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 19784996

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: JP