WO2019196867A1 - 定位装置和换电设备 - Google Patents

定位装置和换电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019196867A1
WO2019196867A1 PCT/CN2019/082064 CN2019082064W WO2019196867A1 WO 2019196867 A1 WO2019196867 A1 WO 2019196867A1 CN 2019082064 W CN2019082064 W CN 2019082064W WO 2019196867 A1 WO2019196867 A1 WO 2019196867A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
positioning
hole
bottom plate
gear
disposed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/082064
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林海岩
李楠
田小涛
丁习坤
刘俊
马永跃
Original Assignee
蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201810316723.0A external-priority patent/CN109501759A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201810316722.6A external-priority patent/CN109501758A/zh
Application filed by 蔚来汽车有限公司 filed Critical 蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority to EP19785331.0A priority Critical patent/EP3778323A4/en
Publication of WO2019196867A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019196867A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicle replacement, and in particular to a positioning device and a power changing device.
  • the positioning device is required to accurately position the power changing device and the vehicle body, thereby aligning the full battery pack with the mounting position.
  • the positioning device can be telescoped with respect to the power-changing device, located at a position higher than the power-changing device during positioning, and positioned with the vehicle body, and the positioning device needs to be located when the battery pack is exchanged, that is, when the battery pack is moved in or out of the power-changing device. Lower than the power exchange equipment, thus ensuring a smooth exchange of battery packs.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a positioning device and a power changing device, which have a simple structure, occupy small space, and are easy to install and replace.
  • the present invention provides a positioning device including a positioning portion and a power portion connected thereto, the power portion driving the positioning portion to move up or down.
  • the positioning portion is characterized by comprising a first gear, a second gear and a positioning pin;
  • the first gear is connected to the power portion, and the power portion drives the first gear to rotate;
  • the second gear is vertically meshed with the first gear, and the first gear drives the second gear to rotate;
  • the second gear is provided with an axial through hole, and the positioning pin is disposed in the axial through hole. When the second gear rotates, the positioning pin is driven to move up and down.
  • the outer surface of the positioning pin is provided with an external thread
  • the wall of the axial through hole is provided with an internal thread matched with the external thread
  • the positioning pin has a tapered structure at one end and can be positioned into the positioning hole of the vehicle body for positioning, and the other end is provided with a blocking piece, and the blocking piece interferes with the axial through hole.
  • the positioning pin outer surface includes a plurality of spaced apart threaded portions and a flat portion, the threaded portion and the planar portion both extending in a direction parallel to the positioning pin axis, the planar portion being spaced from the positioning pin axis The distance is less than the distance of the threaded portion from the axis.
  • the positioning pin is provided with a first limiting hole and a second limiting hole, and the axes of the first limiting hole and the second limiting hole are parallel, and both are aligned with the positioning pin
  • the axis is perpendicular, wherein
  • the first limiting hole is configured to define a lowest position at which the positioning pin is lowered
  • the second limiting hole is used to define a highest position at which the positioning pin rises.
  • the positioning portion further includes a position sensor and a limiting portion, wherein
  • the position sensor is configured to collect position information of the positioning pin
  • the limiting portion is configured to limit the positioning pin from falling when the first limiting hole is at the same height as the position sensor, the positioning pin is lowered to the lowest position, or is used for
  • the positioning pin When the second limiting hole is at the same height as the position sensor, the positioning pin is restricted from rising any more, and the positioning pin rises to the highest position.
  • the positioning portion further includes a gear box, the gear box includes a box body and a fixing plate, and the fixing plate is mounted on the box body to close the box body;
  • the first gear and the two gears are mounted in the gear box, and the fixing plate is provided with a first guiding hole corresponding to the axial through hole, and the first guiding hole and the positioning pin are horizontal
  • the cross-sectional shapes are matched, and the positioning pin is movable up and down through the first guiding hole.
  • one or more stacked bearings are further disposed in the gear box, and the second gear is mounted on the bearing.
  • the power unit includes a first motor and a speed reducer that are sequentially connected;
  • the speed reducer is coupled to the first gear to drive the first gear to rotate.
  • the diameter of the first gear is smaller than the diameter of the second gear.
  • the device further includes a mounting frame, wherein the positioning portion is mounted on the power portion, the positioning portion and the power portion are both mounted in the mounting frame, and the power portion can drive the positioning portion Raising or descending relative to the mounting frame; wherein the power portion is an electric pusher portion
  • the electric pusher portion includes a second motor, a pusher body, and a telescopic rod disposed in the pusher body;
  • the second motor is coupled to the telescopic rod, and controls the telescopic rod to rise or fall relative to the push rod body;
  • the telescopic rod is fixedly coupled to the positioning portion, and drives the positioning portion to move up and down between the first position and the second position with respect to the mounting frame.
  • the telescopic rod is provided with a first limiting portion and a second limiting portion
  • the pushing rod body is provided with a limiting mechanism
  • the telescopic rod is raised to a highest position, the first limiting portion interferes with the limiting mechanism, and the positioning portion correspondingly rises to the first position;
  • the telescopic rod is lowered to a lowest position, the second limiting portion interferes with the limiting mechanism, and the positioning portion correspondingly descends to the second position.
  • the telescopic rod is provided with one or more first insertion holes, and the first bolt corresponding to each of the first insertion holes is disposed at a joint of the positioning portion and the telescopic rod, and the A bolt is mounted in the corresponding first socket, and the telescopic rod and the positioning portion are fixedly connected.
  • the mounting frame includes a first mounting portion and a second mounting portion, the second mounting portion is fixed on the power changing device, and the first mounting portion is fixed on the second mounting portion, the positioning The portion is mounted in the first mounting portion, and the electric pusher portion is mounted in the second mounting portion.
  • the first mounting portion includes a first bottom plate, a second bottom plate, a first side plate, and a guide sleeve, wherein
  • the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate are disposed face to face, and a first gap is disposed between the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate;
  • the first side plate is vertically disposed in the first gap, and is perpendicular to the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate, and two ends thereof are respectively connected to the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate;
  • a first through hole is disposed on the first bottom plate, and a second through hole corresponding to the first through hole is disposed on the second bottom plate, and one end of the guiding sleeve is fastened to the first through hole The other end extends into the second through hole and is fixedly connected to the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate.
  • the guide sleeve includes a guide body, a flange structure and a second guide hole, wherein
  • the flange structure is disposed at one end of the guiding body, the guiding body passes through the first through hole, and the flange structure is engaged with the first bottom plate;
  • the second guiding hole extends axially through the guiding body and the flange structure
  • the positioning portion is located in the second guiding hole, and the positioning portion is connected to the inner wall of the second guiding hole by a sliding fit, and the positioning portion is movable up and down along the axial direction of the second guiding hole.
  • the second mounting portion includes a second side plate, a third side plate, and a third bottom plate, wherein
  • the second side panel and the third side panel are disposed face to face, and a second gap is disposed between the second side panel and the third side panel;
  • the third bottom plate is vertically disposed in the second gap, and is perpendicular to the second side plate and the third side plate, and two ends thereof are respectively connected to the second side plate and the third side plate .
  • the bottom of the electric push rod portion is provided with a mounting structure
  • the mounting structure is disposed on the third bottom plate
  • the mounting structure is provided with a second insertion hole
  • the third side plate is provided with The second jack corresponding to the second jack, the second jack and the third jack are connected by a split pin, thereby fixedly connecting the electric push rod portion and the second mounting portion.
  • the third bottom plate and the second bottom plate are disposed face to face, a third gap is disposed between the third bottom plate and the second bottom plate, and the second side plate and the third side plate are disposed In the third gap, the second side plate and the third side plate of the second bottom plate are perpendicular to each other and are fixedly connected to the second side plate and the third side plate.
  • the positioning portion includes a positioning pin, and one end of the positioning pin is connected with the electric push rod portion, and the other end has a pyramid structure, and can extend into the positioning hole of the vehicle body for positioning.
  • the invention also provides a power changing device, the power changing device comprising two or more positioning devices.
  • the present invention has significant advantages and advantageous effects over the prior art.
  • the method and device for estimating the remaining mileage of the vehicle with the power supply system can achieve considerable technical progress and practicability, and has extensive industrial use value, and at least has the following advantages:
  • the positioning device of the present invention has a simple structural composition, low cost, and is easy to install and replace.
  • the positioning device has a large positioning thrust during the positioning process, high transmission force efficiency, and high positioning efficiency.
  • the positioning device can be matched by two gears to change the output direction of the power portion, and the positioning device occupies a lower height.
  • the positioning device can limit the highest position of the locating pin and the lowest position of the locating pin by setting the position sensor, the first limiting hole and the second limiting hole, thereby preventing the locating pin from rising too high or falling too low. Parts are damaged.
  • the surface of the positioning pin of the positioning device is combined with the threaded portion and the flat surface, and cooperates with the first guiding hole to not only limit the direction in which the positioning pin is lifted and lowered, but also prevent the positioning pin from rotating, thereby improving positioning efficiency and precision.
  • the positioning device may be formed by a parallel installation of the electric push rod and the positioning pin, and the telescopic rod of the positioning portion and the electric push rod portion is bolted, which can not only serve as a fixed connection but also prevent the positioning portion from being opposite to the positioning portion.
  • the mounting frame rotates.
  • the positioning device can use a split pin to fix the electric push rod portion and the mounting frame for easy installation and disassembly.
  • each positioning device can be separately set and controlled separately for easy installation and maintenance.
  • the positioning device can realize a space occupying only two directions perpendicular to each other, and the positioning process only occupies one of the direction spaces, and the overall occupied space is small, and the occupied space of the power-changing device is reduced, thereby increasing the diversity of the layout of the power-changing station. Sex.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a positioning device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of the positioning device shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of Figure 1 along the X direction;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a positioning pin stringing out of a gear box of a positioning device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a positioning device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is an exploded view of the positioning device shown in Figure 5;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a power substation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Positioning part 2 Power part
  • Locating pin 121 Axial through hole
  • first jack 110 first bolt
  • first bottom plate 312 second bottom plate
  • first side panel 314 guide sleeve
  • first gap 316 first through hole
  • Mounting structure 232 second jack
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a positioning device including a positioning portion 1 and a power portion 2 connected thereto, and the power portion 2 drives the positioning portion 1 to move upward or downward.
  • the positioning device described in the embodiment of the invention has a simple structure and is easy to install and replace.
  • the positioning device of the first embodiment includes a positioning portion 1 and a power portion 2, and the positioning portion 1 is connected to the power portion 2, and the power portion 2 is used to power the positioning portion 1.
  • the positioning portion 1 includes a first gear 11, a second gear 12, and a positioning pin 13; the first gear 11 is connected to the power portion 2, and the power portion 2 drives the first gear 11 to rotate about the X axis; the second gear 12 and The first gear 11 is vertically meshed, and the first gear 11 drives the second gear 12 to rotate about the Z axis, and the X direction is perpendicular to the Z direction.
  • the diameter of the first gear 11 is smaller than the diameter of the second gear 12.
  • the second gear 12 is provided with an axial through hole 121.
  • the positioning pin 13 is disposed in the axial through hole 121. When the second gear 12 rotates, the positioning pin 13 is driven to move up and down in the Z direction.
  • the positioning device cooperates with the two gears of the first gear 11 and the second gear 12 to change the output direction of the power unit 2, minimize the height occupied by the positioning device in the Z-axis direction, and the positioning device only occupies the X
  • the space in the Z direction only occupies the space in the Z-axis direction during the positioning process, and does not occupy the space in the X and Y-axis directions, so that the overall space occupied by the device is small, and the occupied space of the power-changing device is reduced, thereby increasing the power-changing station.
  • the diversity of the layout is possible to change the output direction of the power unit 2, minimize the height occupied by the positioning device in the Z-axis direction, and the positioning device only occupies the X
  • the space in the Z direction only occupies the
  • the outer surface of the positioning pin 13 is provided with an external thread
  • the axial through-hole wall of the second gear 12 is provided with an internal thread that cooperates with the external thread.
  • the interfitting structure of the external thread and the internal thread causes the positioning pin 13 to rise or fall under the rotation of the second gear 12, and can realize the self-locking function, that is, the positioning pin 13 can only be driven by the rotation of the second gear 12. Down, rising or falling, without increasing or decreasing due to external pressure applied, thereby improving the positioning accuracy of the positioning device.
  • the locating pin 13 can have a tapered structure at one end and can be inserted into the positioning hole of the vehicle body for positioning.
  • the end of the locating pin 13 is a cone structure, but is not limited thereto.
  • the specific structure of the one end of the positioning pin 13 for positioning can be specifically set according to factors such as the shape of the vehicle body positioning hole.
  • the other end of the positioning pin 13 is provided with a blocking piece 14 which is fixedly connected with the positioning pin 13 and can be welded, riveted, bolted or the like.
  • the outer surface of the positioning pin 13 includes a plurality of spaced-apart screw portions 131 and a flat surface portion 132.
  • the threaded portion 131 and the flat surface portion 132 both extend in a direction parallel to the axis of the positioning pin 13, and the distance of the flat portion 132 from the axis of the positioning pin 13 is smaller than the threaded portion 131.
  • the distance from the axis, the locating pin 13 is polygonal in cross section.
  • the outer surface of the positioning pin 13 is first provided as a threaded structure, and the surface of the positioning pin 13 is evenly grounded out of the four flat portions 132, as exemplified in FIG. 2. At this time, the cross section of the positioning pin 13 is close to Square.
  • the positioning pin 13 is provided with a first limiting hole 133 and a second limiting hole 134.
  • the axis of the first limiting hole 133 is parallel to the axis of the second limiting hole 134, and both are positioned.
  • the axis of the pin 13 is perpendicular, wherein the first limiting hole 133 is for defining the lowest position at which the positioning pin 13 is lowered; and the second limiting hole 134 is for defining the highest position at which the positioning pin 13 is raised.
  • a through hole corresponding to the bottom end of the positioning pin 13 is disposed on the power changing device where the positioning device is located, so that when the positioning pin 13 passes through the gear box 15, the through hole is inserted into the through hole.
  • the depth can further define the lowest position at which the locating pin 13 descends, thereby preventing the locating pin 13 from excessively falling, damaging the positioning device.
  • the positioning portion 1 further includes a position sensor 154 for collecting position information of the positioning pin 13 and a limiting portion (not shown) for positioning the first limiting hole 133 and the position sensor 154.
  • a position sensor 154 for collecting position information of the positioning pin 13
  • a limiting portion (not shown) for positioning the first limiting hole 133 and the position sensor 154.
  • the positioning pin 13 is restricted from falling any more, the positioning pin 13 is lowered to the lowest position; or when the second limiting hole 134 is at the same height as the position sensor 154, the limiting portion restricting the positioning pin 13 is no longer Ascending, the positioning pin 13 rises to the highest position.
  • the control mechanism will control the device to be suspended, thereby causing the first gear 11 and the second gear 12 to pause.
  • the limiting portion may be a telescopic rod used in conjunction with the first limiting hole 133 and the second limiting hole 134.
  • the telescopic rod When the first limiting hole 133 is at the same height as the position sensor 154, the telescopic rod extends into the The first limiting hole 133 is configured to limit the lifting and lowering of the positioning pin 13; when the second limiting hole 134 is at the same height as the position sensor 154, the telescopic rod extends into the second limiting hole 134, thereby restricting the lifting and lowering of the positioning pin 13.
  • the limiting portion can also use other structures to satisfy the limitation of the positioning pin 1 moving up and down.
  • the limiting portion may not be provided, and the operation of the device is directly suspended by the control mechanism to control the positioning pin 13 to no longer rise and fall.
  • the first limiting hole 133 and the second limiting hole 134 only limit the highest position and the lowest position of the positioning pin 13, but during the positioning process, the specific rising height can be changed according to the power.
  • the height between the device and the body positioning hole, the depth of the body positioning hole, and the like are specifically set, and only the positioning pin 13 is required to be between the highest position and the lowest position.
  • the positioning portion 1 further includes a gear case 15 including a case 151 and a fixed plate 152 on which the fixed plate 152 is mounted to close the case 151; the first gear 11 and the two gears are mounted on the gear case 15 in.
  • the fixing plate 152 is provided with a first guiding hole 153 corresponding to the axial through hole 121, and the positioning pin 13 can be raised or lowered relative to the gear box 15 through the first guiding hole 153.
  • the first guiding hole 153 is matched with the cross-sectional shape of the positioning pin 13, so that the first guiding hole 153 can play a guiding role, and can restrict the rotation of the positioning pin 13, thereby ensuring the positioning pin 13 to smoothly rise or fall, and improving the positioning accuracy.
  • the cross section of the positioning pin 13 is close to a square shape, and correspondingly, the first guiding hole 153 is set as a square hole to match the positioning pin 13.
  • One or more stacked bearings 155 are also disposed in the gear case 15, and the second gear 12 is mounted on the bearing 155.
  • the positioning pin 13 is subjected to a force during positioning, and the bearing 155 supports the second gear 12 at this time.
  • the bearing 155 can also limit the position of the second gear 12 so that the second gear 12 can only rotate about the Z axis without other crosstalk, as shown in the example of FIG. 2 to FIG.
  • the bearing 155 is one, but it can be understood that the bearing 155 can also be set to two or more. The greater the number, the more the stability of the positioning device can be increased, but the greater the number, the higher the height of the bearing 155 The height and space occupied will be larger. Therefore, the bearings 155 can be set by integrating the stability required by the positioning device and the size of the space occupied.
  • the power unit 2 includes a first motor 21 and a speed reducer 22 that are sequentially connected.
  • the first motor 21 provides power to the speed reducer 22; the speed reducer 22 is coupled to the first gear 11 to drive the first
  • the gear 11 rotates about the X axis.
  • the positioning device has a simple structure and a low cost. In the positioning process, the positioning thrust is large, the transmission efficiency is high, and the positioning efficiency is high.
  • the positioning device cooperates with the two gears to change the output direction of the power unit 2, so that the positioning device occupies a lower height.
  • the position sensor 154, the first limiting hole 133 and the second limiting hole 134 are provided to limit the highest position of the positioning pin 13 and the lowest position of the lowering, thereby preventing the positioning pin 13 from rising too high or falling too low to cause component damage.
  • each positioning device can be separately set and controlled separately for easy installation and maintenance.
  • the positioning device since the positioning device only occupies the space in the X and Z directions, the positioning process only occupies the space in the Z-axis direction, does not occupy the space in the X and Y-axis directions, and the overall occupied space is small, and the occupied space of the power-changing device is reduced, thereby increasing the replacement.
  • the positioning device provided in the second embodiment includes a positioning portion 1 , a power portion 2 and a mounting frame 3 , and the power portion 2 is an electric push rod portion 20 , wherein the positioning portion 1 is mounted on the electric push rod portion. 20; the positioning portion 1 and the electric push rod portion 20 are mounted in the mounting frame 3; the electric push rod portion 20 can drive the positioning portion 1 to rise or fall in the Z-axis direction with respect to the mounting frame 3, as an example, the Z-axis direction It is in the vertical direction.
  • the positioning device has a simple structure, is convenient for installation and maintenance, and the positioning device only occupies a small space in the X and Y directions.
  • the Y-axis direction space has a small overall occupation space, thereby reducing the occupation space of the power-changing device, thereby increasing the diversity of the layout of the power-changing station.
  • the electric push rod portion 20 can directly adopt the existing electric push rod.
  • the electric push rod portion of the positioning device fails, the electric push rod can be directly replaced, which is simple and convenient, and no further measurement of the fault part is required, or the small parts are replaced. It facilitates the installation, maintenance and replacement of the entire positioning device. As shown in FIG.
  • the electric push rod may include a second motor 24, a push rod body 25 and a telescopic rod 23 disposed in the push rod body 25; the second motor 24 is coupled to the telescopic rod 23, and the second motor 24 controls the telescopic
  • the rod 23 is raised or lowered in the Z-axis direction with respect to the push rod body 25; the telescopic rod 23 is fixedly coupled to the positioning portion 1, and drives the positioning portion 1 to move up and down in the Z-axis direction between the first position and the second position with respect to the mounting frame 3. mobile.
  • the electric push rod has large positioning thrust, high transmission efficiency, and high positioning efficiency.
  • the telescopic rod 23 can be provided with a first limiting portion and a second limiting portion.
  • the push rod body 25 can be provided with a limiting mechanism; when the telescopic rod 23 moves to the first limiting portion and the limiting mechanism In the corresponding position, the first limiting portion interferes with the limiting mechanism, the telescopic rod 23 rises to the highest position, the positioning portion 1 correspondingly rises to the first position; when the telescopic rod 23 moves to the second limiting portion and When the position of the limiting mechanism is corresponding, the second limiting portion interferes with the limiting mechanism, the telescopic rod 23 descends to the lowest position, and the positioning portion 1 correspondingly descends to the second position.
  • the height of the positioning portion 1 can be specifically increased according to the height between the power changing device and the body positioning hole, the depth of the body positioning hole, and the like, and only needs to meet the first position and the first position. It can be between two locations.
  • the telescopic rod 23 and the positioning portion 1 can be fixedly connected by various connection means, such as welding, riveting, etc.
  • the telescopic rod 23 and the positioning portion 1 can be connected by the following manner: the telescopic rod 23 One or more first insertion holes 211 are disposed, and a first bolt 110 corresponding to each of the first insertion holes 211 is disposed at a connection between the positioning portion 1 and the telescopic rod 23, and the first bolt 110 is installed in the corresponding first In one of the insertion holes 211, the telescopic rod 23 and the positioning portion 1 are fixedly connected, so that the fixed connection function can be achieved and the positioning portion 1 can be prevented from rotating relative to the mounting frame 3.
  • the mounting frame 3 is used for mounting the positioning portion 1 and the electric push rod portion 20, and functions to both fix and protect the positioning portion 1 and the electric push rod portion 20.
  • the mounting frame 3 may include a mounting portion 31 and a second mounting portion 32, and the second mounting portion 32 is fixed on the power changing device.
  • the power changing device is a device for carrying a battery, and the battery pack can be removed from the electric vehicle.
  • the battery pack is transported to the battery pack storage device, and the full battery pack is obtained from the battery pack storage device, the full battery pack is transported to the power exchange position, and the full battery pack is installed on the electric vehicle to complete the power exchange operation.
  • the first mounting portion 31 is fixed to the second mounting portion 32, the positioning portion 1 is mounted in the first mounting portion 31, and the electric push rod portion 20 is mounted in the second mounting portion 32.
  • the first mounting portion 31 includes a first bottom plate 311, a second bottom plate 312, a first side plate 313, and a guide sleeve 314, wherein the first bottom plate 311 and the second bottom plate 312 are disposed face to face, A first gap 315 is disposed between the first bottom plate 311 and the second bottom plate 312.
  • the first side plate 313 is vertically disposed in the first gap 315.
  • the first side plate 313 is perpendicular to the first bottom plate 311 and the second bottom plate 312, and the two ends of the first side plate 313 are respectively opposite to the first bottom plate 311 and the second bottom plate. 312 is connected; it can be understood that the first side plate 313 is not limited to one, and one or more first side plates 313 may be vertically disposed in the first gap 315 according to specific installation requirements and space use requirements.
  • the first bottom plate 311 is provided with a first through hole 316
  • the second bottom plate 312 is provided with a second through hole 317 corresponding to the first through hole 316.
  • One end of the guiding sleeve 314 is engaged in the first through hole 316.
  • the other end extends into the second through hole 317 and is fixedly connected to the first bottom plate 311 and the second bottom plate 312.
  • the guiding sleeve 314 can guide the positioning portion 1 and protect the positioning portion 1 to avoid positioning.
  • the portion 1 is damaged, and in addition, the guide sleeve 314 can further increase the stability of the mounting frame 3.
  • the guide sleeve 314 may include a guide body 41, a flange structure 42 and a second guide hole 43.
  • the flange structure 42 is disposed at one end of the guide body 41, and the guide body 41 passes through the first through hole 316.
  • the flange structure 42 is engaged with the first bottom plate 311.
  • the first through hole 316 on the first bottom plate 311 can be set as a stepped hole matching the flange structure 42 so that the card can be made.
  • the top of the connected guide sleeve 314 is located on the same plane as the upper surface of the first bottom plate 311.
  • the second guide hole 43 axially penetrates the guide body 41 and the flange structure 42.
  • the positioning portion 1 is located in the second guiding hole 43.
  • the positioning portion 1 is connected to the inner wall of the second guiding hole 43 by a sliding fit.
  • the positioning portion 1 can move up and down along the axial direction of the second guiding hole 43, but It is understood that when the positioning portion 1 is raised by the pushing action of the telescopic rod 23, the telescopic rod 23 may also enter the second guiding hole 43. At this time, the telescopic rod 23 may also move up and down along the second guiding hole 43.
  • the second mounting portion 32 may include a second side plate 321, a third side plate 322, and a third bottom plate 323, wherein the second side plate 321 and the third side plate 322 are disposed face to face, and the second side plate A second gap 324 is disposed between the 321 and the third side plate 322; the third bottom plate 323 is vertically disposed in the second gap 324, and the third bottom plate 323 is perpendicular to the second side plate 321 and the third side plate 322.
  • the two ends of the third bottom plate 323 are respectively connected to the second side plate 321 and the third side plate 322.
  • the second side plate 321 and the third side plate 322 may be provided in one set or in multiple sets, and may be specifically set according to factors such as the size and stability of the mounting frame 3.
  • a mounting structure 231 is disposed on the bottom of the electric push rod portion 20, and the mounting structure 231 is disposed on the third bottom plate 323.
  • the mounting structure 231 is provided with a second insertion hole 232, and the third side plate 322 is provided with the The second insertion hole 232 corresponding to the second insertion hole 232, the second insertion hole 232 and the third insertion hole 33 are connected by the split pin 34, thereby fixedly connecting the electric push rod portion 20 and the second mounting portion 32.
  • the electric push rod portion 20 is fixed to the mounting frame 3 by the split pin 34, the structure is simple, the cost is low, and the mounting and dismounting of the electric push rod portion 20 is facilitated.
  • the third bottom plate 323 and the second bottom plate 312 are disposed face to face, and a third gap 325 is disposed between the third bottom plate 323 and the second bottom plate 312, and the second side plate 321 and the third side plate 322 are disposed at the In the third gap 325, the second bottom plate 321 and the third side plate 322 of the second bottom plate 312 are perpendicular to each other, and are fixedly connected to the second side plate 321 and the third side plate 322.
  • the mounting frame 3 has a plurality of mounting holes 35, and the respective components of the mounting frame 3 can be fixedly connected by mounting bolts at the corresponding mounting holes 35. It can be understood that the above examples are only some embodiments of the mounting frame 3, but are not limited thereto.
  • the positioning portion 1 includes a positioning pin.
  • One end of the positioning pin is connected to the electric push rod portion 20, and the other end has a pyramid structure, and can be inserted into the positioning hole of the vehicle body for positioning.
  • one end of the positioning pin is The cone structure is only an embodiment, but is not limited thereto. Where the positioning pin is in contact with the body positioning hole, the specific structure of the one end for positioning may be specifically set according to factors such as the shape of the body positioning hole.
  • the positioning device is formed by the parallel installation of the electric push rod and the positioning pin, and the structure is simple and the cost is low.
  • the positioning device has a large positioning thrust during the positioning process, high transmission force efficiency, and high positioning efficiency.
  • the telescopic rods 23 of the positioning portion 1 and the electric push rod portion 20 are bolted to each other to maintain a fixed connection and prevent the positioning portion 1 from rotating relative to the mounting frame 3. Further, the electric push rod portion 20 is fixed to the mounting frame 3 by the split pin 34, and the mounting and dismounting can be further facilitated.
  • each positioning device can be separately set and controlled separately for easy installation and maintenance.
  • the positioning device only occupies a small space in the X and Y directions, and only occupies the space in the Z-axis direction during the positioning process, and the X and Y-axis directions do not move, occupying the space in the X and Y-axis directions, and occupying a small space overall, reducing the change
  • the space occupied by electrical equipment increases the diversity of the layout of the power station.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a power changing device M.
  • the power changing device M is an integral part of the power exchange device for transporting and replacing the battery pack.
  • the power changing device M may be a power changing trolley.
  • the power changing device M may include more than two positioning devices N, each of which may be separately provided and separately controlled for installation and maintenance.
  • the upper surface of the power-changing device M has a rectangular structure, and one positioning device N can be respectively disposed at one end of a diagonal line of the battery pack to realize positioning.
  • positioning device of the present invention is not limited to use in the process of power exchange, and can also be applied to other mechanical manufacturing and product installation processes for positioning.

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Abstract

一种定位装置和换电设备，该定位装置包括定位部（1）以及与其连接的动力部（2），动力部（2）驱动定位部（1）向上或向下移动，该换电设备包括两个以上该定位装置。该定位装置结构简单，易于安装和更换。

Description

定位装置和换电设备 技术领域
本发明涉及电动汽车换电技术领域，尤其涉及一种定位装置和换电设备。
背景技术
随着电动汽车的发展，如何快速便捷地为电动汽车的动力电池补充电能，成为电动汽车使用和推广的重要因素。采用换电站更换动力电池成为目前方便有效的电动汽车电能补充的方法。在换电过程中，需要通过定位装置准确无误地将换电设备上与车身进行定位，从而使满电电池包与安装位置对准。此外，定位装置可相对于换电设备伸缩，在定位过程中位于高于换电设备处，与车身进行定位，在电池包交换过程，即电池包移入或移出换电设备时，定位装置需位于低于换电设备处，从而保证电池包顺利交换。
但是，现有的定位装置至少存在以下缺点：
(1)定位效率和定位准确度低；
(2)结构上需同时占据X、Y、Z三个方向的空间，占据空间大；
(3)当定位装置出现故障时，更换和维护困难，成本高。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种定位装置和换电设备，结构简单，占据空间小，易于安装和更换。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种定位装置，包括定位部以及与其连接的动力部，所述动力部驱动所述定位部向上或向下移动。
进一步的，所述定位部其特征在于，包括第一齿轮、第二齿轮和定位销；
所述第一齿轮连接于所述动力部，所述动力部带动所述第一齿轮转动；
所述第二齿轮与所述第一齿轮垂直啮合，所述第一齿轮带动所述第二齿轮转动；
所述第二齿轮设有轴向通孔，所述定位销设于所述轴向通孔内，第二齿轮转动时，带动所述定位销上下移动。
进一步的，所述定位销外表面设有外螺纹，所述轴向通孔的孔壁上设有与所述外螺纹相配合的内螺纹。
进一步的，所述定位销一端为锥体结构，可伸入车身定位孔中进行定 位，另一端设有挡片，所述挡片与所述轴向通孔接触时相干涉。
进一步的，所述定位销外表面包括多条间隔设置的螺纹部和平面部，所述螺纹部和所述平面部均沿平行于定位销轴线的方向延伸，所述平面部距离所述定位销轴线的距离小于所述螺纹部距离所述轴线的距离。
进一步的，所述定位销上设有第一限位孔和第二限位孔，所述第一限位孔和所述第二限位孔的轴线相平行，且均与所述定位销的轴线相垂直，其中，
所述第一限位孔用于限定所述定位销下降的最低位置；
所述第二限位孔用于限定所述定位销上升的最高位置。
进一步的，所述定位部还包括位置传感器和限位部，其中，
所述位置传感器用于采集所述定位销的位置信息；
所述限位部用于当所述第一限位孔与所述位置传感器位于同一高度时，限制所述定位销不再下降，所述定位销下降至所述最低位置，或者用于，
当所述第二限位孔与所述位置传感器位于同一高度时，限制所述定位销不再上升，所述定位销上升至所述最高位置。
进一步的，所述定位部还包括齿轮箱，所述齿轮箱包括箱体和固定板，所述固定板安装在所述箱体上，封闭所述箱体；
所述第一齿轮和所述二齿轮安装在所述齿轮箱中，所述固定板上设有与所述轴向通孔相对应的第一导向孔，所述第一导向孔与定位销横截面形状相匹配，所述定位销可穿过所述第一导向孔上下移动。
进一步的，所述齿轮箱中还设有一个或多个叠放的轴承，所述第二齿轮安装在所述轴承上。
进一步的，所述动力部包括依次连接的第一电机和减速机；
所述减速机与所述第一齿轮相连接，带动所述第一齿轮转动。
进一步的，所述第一齿轮的直径小于所述第二齿轮的直径。
进一步的，还包括安装框架，其中，所述定位部安装在所述动力部上，所述定位部和所述动力部均安装在所述安装框架中，所述动力部可带动所述定位部相对于所述安装框架上升或下降；其中，所述动力部为电动推杆部
进一步的，所述电动推杆部包括第二电机、推杆本体和设于所述推杆本体中的伸缩杆；
所述第二电机与所述伸缩杆相连接，其控制所述伸缩杆相对于所述推杆本体上升或下降；
所述伸缩杆与所述定位部固定连接，其带动所述定位部相对于所述安装框架在第一位置和第二位置间上下移动。
进一步的，所述伸缩杆上设有第一限位部和第二限位部，所述推杆本 体上设有限位机构；
所述伸缩杆上升至最高位置，所述第一限位部与所述限位机构相干涉，所述定位部对应上升至所述第一位置；
所述伸缩杆下降至最低位置，所述第二限位部与所述限位机构相干涉，所述定位部对应下降至所述第二位置。
进一步的，所述伸缩杆上设有一个或多个第一插孔，所述定位部与所述伸缩杆连接处设有与每个所述第一插孔对应的第一螺栓，所述第一螺栓安装在对应的第一插孔中，将所述伸缩杆和所述定位部固定连接。
进一步的，所述安装框架包括第一安装部和第二安装部，所述第二安装部固定在换电设备上，所述第一安装部固定在所述第二安装部上，所述定位部安装在所述第一安装部中，所述电动推杆部安装在所述第二安装部中。
进一步的，所述第一安装部包括第一底板、第二底板、第一侧板和导向套，其中，
所述第一底板和第二底板面对面设置，且所述第一底板和第二底板之间设有第一间隙；
所述第一侧板垂直设于所述第一间隙中，其与所述第一底板和第二底板相垂直，且其两端分别与所述第一底板和第二底板相连接；
所述第一底板上设有第一通孔，所述第二底板上设有与所述第一通孔相对应的第二通孔，所述导向套一端卡接在所述第一通孔中，另一端延伸入所述第二通孔中，与所述第一底板和所述第二底板固定连接。
进一步的，所述导向套包括导向体、凸缘结构和第二导向孔，其中，
所述凸缘结构设于所述导向体的一端，所述导向体穿过所述第一通孔，所述凸缘结构与所述第一底板相卡接；
所述第二导向孔轴向贯穿所述导向体和所述凸缘结构；
所述定位部位于所述第二导向孔中，所述定位部与第二导向孔的内壁通过滑动配合的方式相连接，所述定位部可沿所述第二导向孔的轴向上下移动。
进一步的，所述第二安装部包括第二侧板、第三侧板和第三底板，其中，
所述第二侧板和所述第三侧板面对面设置，且所述第二侧板和所述第三侧板之间设有第二间隙；
所述第三底板垂直设于所述第二间隙中，其与所述第二侧板和第三侧板相垂直，且其两端分别与所述第二侧板和第三侧板相连接。
进一步的，所述电动推杆部底部设有安装结构，所述安装结构设于所述第三底板上，所述安装结构上设有第二插孔，所述第三侧板上设有与所 述第二插孔对应的第三插孔，所述第二插孔和第三插孔通过开口销连接，从而将所述电动推杆部和所述第二安装部固定连接。
进一步的，所述第三底板和所述第二底板面对面设置，所述第三底板和所述第二底板之间设有第三间隙，所述第二侧板和所述第三侧板设于所述第三间隙中，所述第二底板所述第二侧板和所述第三侧板相垂直，并与所述第二侧板和第三侧板固定连接。
进一步的，所述定位部包括定位销，所述定位销一端与所述电动推杆部相连接，另一端为锥体结构，可伸入车身定位孔中进行定位。
本发明还提供一种换电设备，所述换电设备包括两个以上所述定位装置。
本发明与现有技术相比具有明显的优点和有益效果。借由上述技术方案，本发明一种具有供电系统的交通工具剩余里程估算方法和装置可达到相当的技术进步性及实用性，并具有产业上的广泛利用价值，其至少具有下列优点：
(1)本发明所述定位装置，结构组成简单，成本低，易于安装和更换。
(2)所述定位装置在定位过程中定位推力大，传力效率高，定位效率高。
(3)所述定位装置可通过两个齿轮配合，改变动力部的输出方向，定位装置占据较低的高度。
(4)所述定位装置可通过设置位置传感器、第一限位孔和第二限位孔来限制定位销上升的最高位置和下降的最低位置，从而避免定位销上升过高或下降过低造成部件损坏。
(5)所述定位装置的定位销表面采用螺纹部和平面部相结合，并配合第一导向孔，既能限定定位销升降的方向，又可防止定位销转动，提高了定位效率和精度。
(6)所述定位装置可采用电动推杆与定位销平行安装的形式组成，定位部和电动推杆部的伸缩杆采用螺栓连接，既能起到固定连接作用，又能防止定位部相对于安装框架转动。
(7)所述定位装置可采用开口销将电动推杆部与安装框架固定，方便安装和拆卸。
(8)在换电设备中，每个定位装置可单独设置，分别控制，便于安装和维护。
(9)所述定位装置可实现仅占据相互垂直的两个方向的空间，定位过程仅占据其中一个方向空间，整体占据空间小，减小换电设备的占据空间，从而增加换电站布局的多样性。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举较佳实施例，并配合附图,详细说明如下。
附图说明
图1本发明实施例一提供的定位装置示意图；
图2为图1所示的定位装置的爆炸图；
图3为图1沿X方向的局部截面图；
图4为本发明实施例一提供的定位装置的定位销串出齿轮箱示意图；
图5本发明实施例二提供的定位装置示意图；
图6为图5A-A方向剖视图；
图7为图5所示的定位装置的爆炸图；
图8为本发明实施例提供的换电站示意图。
【符号说明】
1：定位部                     2：动力部
11：第一齿轮                  12：第二齿轮
13：定位销                    121：轴向通孔
14：挡片                      15：齿轮箱
151：箱体                     152：固定板
153：第一导向孔               131：螺纹部
132：平面部                   133：第一限位孔
134：第二限位孔               154：位置传感器
21：第一电机                  22：减速机
155：轴承                     20：电动推杆部
3：安装框架                   23：伸缩杆
24：第二电机                  25推杆本体
211：第一插孔                 110：第一螺栓
31：第一安装部                32：第二安装部
311：第一底板                 312：第二底板
313：第一侧板                 314：导向套
315：第一间隙                 316：第一通孔
317：第二通孔                 41：导向体
42：凸缘结构                  43：第二导向孔
321：第二侧板                 322：第三侧板
323：第三底板                 324：第二间隙
231：安装结构               232：第二插孔
33：第三插孔                34：开口销
325：第三间隙               35：安装孔
具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明为达成预定发明目的所采取的技术手段及功效,以下结合附图及较佳实施例，对依据本发明提出的一种定位装置和换电设备的具体实施方式及其功效，详细说明如后。
本发明实施例提供了一种定位装置，包括定位部1以及与其连接的动力部2，所述动力部2驱动所述定位部1向上或向下移动。本发明实施例所述的定位装置结构简单，易于安装和更换。
以下通过两个具体实施例对所述定位装置的组成结构进行详细说明：
实施例一、
如图1-图3所示，实施例一的定位装置包括定位部1和动力部2，定位部1和动力部2相连接，动力部2用于为定位部1提供动力。具体的，定位部1包括第一齿轮11、第二齿轮12和定位销13；第一齿轮11与动力部2相连接，动力部2带动第一齿轮11绕X轴转动；第二齿轮12与第一齿轮11垂直啮合，第一齿轮11带动第二齿轮12绕Z轴转动，X方向和Z方向相垂直，作为一种示例，第一齿轮11的直径小于第二齿轮12的直径。第二齿轮12设有轴向通孔121，定位销13设于轴向通孔121内，第二齿轮12转动时，带动定位销13沿Z方向上下移动。所述定位装置通过第一齿轮11和第二齿轮12两个齿轮配合，改变动力部2的输出方向，将Z轴方向所述定位装置所占高度降到最低，且所述定位装置仅占据X、Z方向的空间，定位过程中仅占据Z轴方向空间，不占据X、Y轴方向空间，从而使所述装置整体所占空间小，减小换电设备的占据空间，从而可以增加换电站布局的多样性。
如图2和图3所示，作为一种示例，定位销13外表面设有外螺纹，第二齿轮12的轴向通孔壁上设有与外螺纹相配合的内螺纹。外螺纹与内螺纹的相互配合的结构，使定位销13在第二齿轮12转动的带动下，上升或下降，且能实现自锁功能，即定位销13仅能在第二齿轮12转动的带动下，上升或下降，而不会因为外界所施加的压力上升或下降，从而提高了所述定位装置的定位精度。
作为示例，定位销13一端可为锥体结构，可伸入车身定位孔中进行定位，但可以理解的是，定位销13一端为锥体结构仅为一种实施例，但并不限于此，定位销13与车身定位孔相接处，定位销13进行定位的一端的具体结构可根据车身定位孔的形状等因素来具体设定。定位销13另一端设有 挡片14，挡片14与定位销13固定连接，具体可采用焊接、铆接、螺栓固定等方式。定位销13相对于第二齿轮12上升时，当挡片14与轴向通孔121接触时相干涉，从而可以防止定位销13从第二齿轮12中向上穿出，损坏所述定位装置。
定位销13外表面包括多条间隔设置的螺纹部131和平面部132，螺纹部131和平面部132均沿平行于定位销13轴线的方向延伸，平面部132距离定位销13轴线的距离小于螺纹部131距离轴线的距离，定位销13横截面呈多边形。作为一种示例，定位销13外表面先设置为螺纹结构，再将定位销13表面均匀磨平出四个平面部132，如图2所示示例，此时，定位销13的横截面接近于方形。
如图3所示，定位销13上设有第一限位孔133和第二限位孔134，第一限位孔133的轴线和第二限位孔134的轴线相平行，且均与定位销13的轴线相垂直，其中，第一限位孔133用于限定定位销13下降的最低位置；第二限位孔134用于限定定位销13上升的最高位置。当定位销13的长度高于齿轮箱15沿定位销13轴向的长度时，定位销13下降过程中，定位销13的底部一端可穿出齿轮箱15，如图4所示示例，但可以理解的是，所述定位装置所在的换电设备上，会设置与定位销13底部一端相对应的通孔，使定位销13穿出齿轮箱15时，进入到所述通孔中，通孔的深度可进一步限定定位销13下降的最低位置，从而防止定位销13过度下降，损坏所述定位装置。
定位部1还包括位置传感器154和限位部(图中未示出)，位置传感器154用于采集定位销13的位置信息；限位部用于当第一限位孔133与位置传感器154位于同一高度时，限制所述定位销13不再下降，定位销13下降至最低位置；或者用于当第二限位孔134与位置传感器154位于同一高度时，限位部限制定位销13不再上升，定位销13上升至最高位置。但可以理解的是，限位部限制定位销13运动时，控制机构将控制所述装置暂停工作，从而使第一齿轮11和第二齿轮12暂停转动。作为一种示例，限位部可为与第一限位孔133和第二限位孔134配合使用的伸缩杆，当第一限位孔133与位置传感器154位于同一高度时，伸缩杆伸入第一限位孔133中，从而限制定位销13升降；当第二限位孔134与位置传感器154位于同一高度时，伸缩杆伸入第二限位孔134中，从而限制定位销13升降。但可以理解的是，限位部还可使用其他结构，满足限制定位销1上下移动即可。作为另一种示例，由于定位销13具有自锁功能，也可不设置限位部，直接通过控制机构暂停所述装置工作，来控制定位销13不再升降。但可以理解的是，第一限位孔133和第二限位孔134仅仅限制了定位销13的最高位置以及最低位置，但所述定位装置在定位过程中，具体上升的高度可根据换 电设备与车身定位孔之间的高度，车身定位孔的深度等参数具体设定，只需满足定位销13在最高位置和最低位置之间即可。
定位部1还包括齿轮箱15，齿轮箱15包括箱体151和固定板152，固定板152安装在所述箱体151上，封闭箱体151；第一齿轮11和二齿轮安装在齿轮箱15中。固定板152上设有与轴向通孔121相对应的第一导向孔153，定位销13可穿过第一导向孔153相对齿轮箱15上升或下降。第一导向孔153与定位销13的横截面形状相匹配，从而使第一导向孔153既能起到导向作用，又可以限制定位销13转动，保障定位销13平稳上升或下降，提高定位精度。作为一种示例，定位销13的横截面接近于方形，对应的，将第一导向孔153设定为方形孔，与定位销13相匹配。
齿轮箱15中还设有一个或多个叠放的轴承155，第二齿轮12安装在所述轴承155上，定位销13在定位过程中会受力，此时轴承155通过支撑第二齿轮12，来支撑定位销13，此外，轴承155还可以限制第二齿轮12的位置，使第二齿轮12仅能绕Z轴转动，而不会发生其他串动，图2-图3所示示例中，轴承155为一个，但可以理解的是，轴承155也可设定为两个或多个，数量越多越能增加所述定位装置的稳定性，但数量越多，轴承155的高度会越高，所占空间也会越大，因此，轴承155的个可综合所述定位装置需要的稳定度以及所占空间大小等因素来设定。
如图2所示示例，动力部2包括依次连接的第一电机21和减速机22，第一电机21为减速机22提供动力；减速机22与所述第一齿轮11相连接，带动第一齿轮11绕X轴转动。
本发明实施例一所述的定位装置，结构组成简单，成本低。在定位过程中定位推力大，传力效率高，定位效率高。所述定位装置通过两个齿轮配合，改变动力部2的输出方向，使定位装置占据较低的高度。通过设置位置传感器154、第一限位孔133和第二限位孔134来限制定位销13上升的最高位置和下降的最低位置，从而避免定位销13上升过高或下降过低造成部件损坏。此外，定位销13表面采用螺纹部131和平面部132相结合，并配合第一导向孔153，既能限定定位销13升降的方向，又可防止定位销13转动，提高了定位效率和精度。在换电设备中，每个定位装置可单独设置，分别控制，便于安装和维护。且由于所述定位装置仅占据X、Z向的空间，定位过程仅占据Z轴方向空间，不占据X、Y轴方向空间，整体占据空间小，减小换电设备的占据空间，从而增加换电站布局的多样性。
实施例二
如图5-图7所示，实施例二提供的定位装置包括定位部1、动力部2和安装框架3，动力部2为电动推杆部20，其中，定位部1安装在电动推杆部20上；定位部1和电动推杆部20安装在所述安装框架3中；电动推 杆部20可带动定位部1相对于安装框架3沿Z轴方向上升或下降，作为示例，Z轴方向为竖直方向。所述定位装置结构简单，便于安装和维护，且所述定位装置仅占据X、Y向很小的空间，定位过程中仅占据Z轴方向空间，X、Y轴方向不动作，不占据X、Y轴方向空间，整体占据空间小，由此减小换电设备的占据空间，从而可增加换电站布局的多样性。
电动推杆部20可直接采用现有的电动推杆，当所述定位装置电动推杆部分出现故障时，直接更换电动推杆即可，简单方便，无需再进一步测定故障部位，或更换细小零件，方便了整个定位装置的安装、维护以及更换。如图5所示，电动推杆可包括第二电机24、推杆本体25和设于推杆本体25中的伸缩杆23；第二电机24与伸缩杆23相连接，第二电机24控制伸缩杆23相对于推杆本体25沿Z轴方向上升或下降；伸缩杆23与定位部1固定连接，其带动定位部1相对于安装框架3在第一位置和第二位置间沿Z轴方向上下移动。电动推杆作为定位部1的动力装置，定位推力大，传力效率高，定位效率高。作为一种示例，伸缩杆23上可设有第一限位部和第二限位部，推杆本体25上可设有限位机构；当伸缩杆23运动至第一限位部和限位机构相对应的位置时，第一限位部与限位机构相干涉，伸缩杆23上升至最高位置，定位部1对应上升至所述第一位置；当伸缩杆23运动至第二限位部和限位机构相对应的位置时，第二限位部与限位机构相干涉，伸缩杆23下降至最低位置，定位部1对应下降至所述第二位置。所述定位装置在定位过程中，定位部1具体上升的高度可根据换电设备与车身定位孔之间的高度，车身定位孔的深度等参数具体设定，只需满足在第一位置和第二位置之间即可。
如图6所示，伸缩杆23和定位部1可通过多种连接方式固定连接，例如焊接，铆接等，作为一种示例，伸缩杆23和定位部1可通过下述方式连接：伸缩杆23上设有一个或多个第一插孔211，定位部1与所述伸缩杆23连接处设有与每个第一插孔211对应的第一螺栓110，第一螺栓110安装在对应的第一插孔211中，将伸缩杆23和定位部1固定连接，这样既能起到固定连接作用，又能防止定位部1相对于安装框架3转动。
安装框架3用于安装定位部1和电动推杆部20，既起到固定作用，又能起到保护定位部1和电动推杆部20的作用，作为一种示例，安装框架3可包括第一安装部31和第二安装部32，第二安装部32固定在换电设备上，需要说明的是，换电设备为运载电池的设备，可从电动汽车拆下亏电电池包，将亏电电池包运送至电池包存储设备，并从电池包存储设备获取满电电池包，将满电电池包运送至换电位置，将满电电池包安装在电动汽车上，完成换电操作。第一安装部31固定在第二安装部32上，定位部1安装在第一安装部31中，电动推杆部20安装在第二安装部32中。
如图5-图7所示示例，第一安装部31包括第一底板311、第二底板312、第一侧板313和导向套314，其中，第一底板311和第二底板312面对面设置，且第一底板311和第二底板312之间设有第一间隙315。第一侧板313垂直设于第一间隙315中，第一侧板313第一底板311和第二底板312相垂直，且第一侧板313的两端分别与第一底板311和第二底板312相连接；可以理解的是，第一侧板313并不限定为一个，可根据具体的安装需求，以及空间使用需求，垂直设置一个以上的第一侧板313在第一间隙315中。
所述第一底板311上设有第一通孔316，第二底板312上设有与第一通孔316相对应的第二通孔317，导向套314一端卡接在第一通孔316中，另一端延伸入第二通孔317中，与第一底板311和所述第二底板312固定连接，导向套314既能对定位部1起到导向作用，又可以保护定位部1，避免定位部1受损，此外，导向套314还可以进一步增加安装框架3的稳定性。
作为一种示例，导向套314可包括导向体41、凸缘结构42和第二导向孔43，其中，凸缘结构42设于导向体41的一端，导向体41穿过第一通孔316，凸缘结构42与所述第一底板311相卡接，需要说明的是，可将第一底板311上的第一通孔316设为与凸缘结构42相匹配的阶梯孔，这样可以使卡接后的导向套314的顶部与第一底板311的上表面位于同一平面上。第二导向孔43轴向贯穿导向体41和凸缘结构42。可以理解的是，导向体41和所述凸缘结构42的轴线在同一直线上。定位部1位于第二导向孔43中，定位部1与第二导向孔43的内壁通过滑动配合的方式相连接，定位部1可沿所述第二导向孔43的轴向上下移动，但可以理解的是，当定位部1在伸缩杆23的推动作用下上升时，伸缩杆23也可能会进入第二导向孔43，此时，伸缩杆23也可沿着第二导向孔43上下移动。
作为一种示例，第二安装部32可包括第二侧板321、第三侧板322和第三底板323，其中，第二侧板321和第三侧板322面对面设置，且第二侧板321和第三侧板322之间设有第二间隙324；第三底板323垂直设于所述第二间隙324中，第三底板323与第二侧板321和第三侧板322相垂直，且第三底板323两端分别与第二侧板321和第三侧板322相连接。需要说明的是，第二侧板321和第三侧板322可以设置一组，也可以设置多组，可根据安装框架3的尺寸及稳定性等因素来具体设定。
电动推杆部20底部设有安装结构231，安装结构231设于第三底板323上，所述安装结构231上设有第二插孔232，所述第三侧板322上设有与所述第二插孔232对应的第三插孔33，所述第二插孔232和第三插孔33通过开口销34连接，从而将电动推杆部20和第二安装部32固定连接。采用开口销34将电动推杆部20与安装框架3固定，结构简单，成本低，且方便电动推杆部20的安装和拆卸。
第三底板323和第二底板312面对面设置，第三底板323和所述第二底板312之间设有第三间隙325，所述第二侧板321和所述第三侧板322设于所述第三间隙325中，第二底板312第二侧板321和第三侧板322相垂直，并与第二侧板321和第三侧板322固定连接。安装框架3上有多个安装孔35，安装框架3的各个组成部件之间可通过在对应的安装孔35处安装螺栓进行固定连接。可以理解是，上述示例仅为安装框架3的一些实施例，但并不仅限于此。
作为一种示例，定位部1包括定位销，定位销一端与电动推杆部20相连接，另一端为锥体结构，可伸入车身定位孔中进行定位，可以理解的是，定位销一端为锥体结构仅为一种实施例，但并不限于此，定位销与车身定位孔相接处，进行定位的一端的具体结构可根据车身定位孔的形状等因素来具体设定。
实施例二采用电动推杆与定位销平行安装的形式组成定位装置，结构组成简单，成本低。所述定位装置在定位过程中定位推力大，传力效率高，定位效率高。定位部1和电动推杆部20的伸缩杆23采用螺栓连接，既能起到固定连接作用，又能防止定位部1相对于安装框架3转动。此外，采用开口销34将电动推杆部20与安装框架3固定，能够进一步的方便安装和拆卸。在换电设备中，每个定位装置可单独设置，分别控制，便于安装和维护。所述定位装置仅占据X、Y向很小的空间，定位过程中仅占据Z轴方向空间，X、Y轴方向不动作，不占据X、Y轴方向空间，整体占据空间小，减小换电设备的占据空间，从而增加换电站布局的多样性。
本发明实施例还提供了一种换电设备M，换电设备M为换电站中的一个组成部分，用于运送和更换电池包,作为示例，换电设备M可以为换电小车。如图8所示，换电设备M可包括两个以上的所述定位装置N，每个定位装置可单独设置，分别控制，便于安装和维护。图8所示示例中，换电设备M上表面为矩形结构，可在电池包一条对角线两端分别设置一个所述定位装置N，来实现定位。
需要说明的是，本发明所述定位装置并不仅限于用于换电过程中，也可适用于其他机械制造、产品安装过程中，用于进行定位。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然而并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,当可利用上述揭示的技术内容作出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例,但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种定位装置，其特征在于,
    包括定位部以及与其连接的动力部，所述动力部驱动所述定位部向上或向下移动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的定位装置，其特征在于,
    所述定位部其特征在于，包括第一齿轮、第二齿轮和定位销；
    所述第一齿轮连接于所述动力部，所述动力部带动所述第一齿轮转动；
    所述第二齿轮与所述第一齿轮垂直啮合，所述第一齿轮带动所述第二齿轮转动；
    所述第二齿轮设有轴向通孔，所述定位销设于所述轴向通孔内，第二齿轮转动时，带动所述定位销上下移动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的定位装置，其特征在于，
    所述定位销外表面设有外螺纹，所述轴向通孔的孔壁上设有与所述外螺纹相配合的内螺纹。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的定位装置，其特征在于，
    所述定位销一端为锥体结构，可伸入车身定位孔中进行定位，另一端设有挡片，所述挡片与所述轴向通孔接触时相干涉。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的定位装置，其特征在于，
    所述定位销外表面包括多条间隔设置的螺纹部和平面部，所述螺纹部和所述平面部均沿平行于定位销轴线的方向延伸，所述平面部距离所述定位销轴线的距离小于所述螺纹部距离所述轴线的距离。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的定位装置，其特征在于，
    所述定位销上设有第一限位孔和第二限位孔，所述第一限位孔和所述第二限位孔的轴线相平行，且均与所述定位销的轴线相垂直，其中，
    所述第一限位孔用于限定所述定位销下降的最低位置；
    所述第二限位孔用于限定所述定位销上升的最高位置。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的定位装置，其特征在于，
    所述定位部还包括位置传感器和限位部，其中，
    所述位置传感器用于采集所述定位销的位置信息；
    所述限位部用于当所述第一限位孔与所述位置传感器位于同一高度时，限制所述定位销不再下降，所述定位销下降至所述最低位置，或者用于，
    当所述第二限位孔与所述位置传感器位于同一高度时，限制所述定位销不再上升，所述定位销上升至所述最高位置。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的定位装置，其特征在于，
    所述定位部还包括齿轮箱，所述齿轮箱包括箱体和固定板，所述固定 板安装在所述箱体上，封闭所述箱体；
    所述第一齿轮和所述二齿轮安装在所述齿轮箱中，所述固定板上设有与所述轴向通孔相对应的第一导向孔，所述第一导向孔与定位销横截面形状相匹配，所述定位销可穿过所述第一导向孔上下移动。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的定位装置，其特征在于，
    所述齿轮箱中还设有一个或多个叠放的轴承，所述第二齿轮安装在所述轴承上。
  10. 根据权利要求2所述的定位装置，其特征在于，
    所述动力部包括依次连接的第一电机和减速机；
    所述减速机与所述第一齿轮相连接，带动所述第一齿轮转动。
  11. 根据权利要求2-10中任意一项所述的定位装置，其特征在于，
    所述第一齿轮的直径小于所述第二齿轮的直径。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的定位装置，其特征在于，
    还包括安装框架，其中，所述定位部安装在所述动力部上，所述定位部和所述动力部均安装在所述安装框架中，所述动力部可带动所述定位部相对于所述安装框架上升或下降；其中，所述动力部为电动推杆部
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的定位装置，其特征在于，
    所述电动推杆部包括第二电机、推杆本体和设于所述推杆本体中的伸缩杆；
    所述第二电机与所述伸缩杆相连接，其控制所述伸缩杆相对于所述推杆本体上升或下降；
    所述伸缩杆与所述定位部固定连接，其带动所述定位部相对于所述安装框架在第一位置和第二位置间上下移动。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的定位装置，其特征在于，
    所述伸缩杆上设有第一限位部和第二限位部，所述推杆本体上设有限位机构；
    所述伸缩杆上升至最高位置，所述第一限位部与所述限位机构相干涉，所述定位部对应上升至所述第一位置；
    所述伸缩杆下降至最低位置，所述第二限位部与所述限位机构相干涉，所述定位部对应下降至所述第二位置。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的定位装置，其特征在于，
    所述伸缩杆上设有一个或多个第一插孔，所述定位部与所述伸缩杆连接处设有与每个所述第一插孔对应的第一螺栓，所述第一螺栓安装在对应的第一插孔中，将所述伸缩杆和所述定位部固定连接。
  16. 根据权利要求12所述的定位装置，其特征在于，
    所述安装框架包括第一安装部和第二安装部，所述第二安装部固定在 换电设备上，所述第一安装部固定在所述第二安装部上，所述定位部安装在所述第一安装部中，所述电动推杆部安装在所述第二安装部中。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的定位装置，其特征在于，
    所述第一安装部包括第一底板、第二底板、第一侧板和导向套，其中，
    所述第一底板和第二底板面对面设置，且所述第一底板和第二底板之间设有第一间隙；
    所述第一侧板垂直设于所述第一间隙中，其与所述第一底板和第二底板相垂直，且其两端分别与所述第一底板和第二底板相连接；
    所述第一底板上设有第一通孔，所述第二底板上设有与所述第一通孔相对应的第二通孔，所述导向套一端卡接在所述第一通孔中，另一端延伸入所述第二通孔中，与所述第一底板和所述第二底板固定连接。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的定位装置，其特征在于，
    所述导向套包括导向体、凸缘结构和第二导向孔，其中，
    所述凸缘结构设于所述导向体的一端，所述导向体穿过所述第一通孔，所述凸缘结构与所述第一底板相卡接；
    所述第二导向孔轴向贯穿所述导向体和所述凸缘结构；
    所述定位部位于所述第二导向孔中，所述定位部与第二导向孔的内壁通过滑动配合的方式相连接，所述定位部可沿所述第二导向孔的轴向上下移动。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的定位装置，其特征在于，
    所述第二安装部包括第二侧板、第三侧板和第三底板，其中，
    所述第二侧板和所述第三侧板面对面设置，且所述第二侧板和所述第三侧板之间设有第二间隙；
    所述第三底板垂直设于所述第二间隙中，其与所述第二侧板和第三侧板相垂直，且其两端分别与所述第二侧板和第三侧板相连接。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的定位装置，其特征在于，
    所述电动推杆部底部设有安装结构，所述安装结构设于所述第三底板上，所述安装结构上设有第二插孔，所述第三侧板上设有与所述第二插孔对应的第三插孔，所述第二插孔和第三插孔通过开口销连接，从而将所述电动推杆部和所述第二安装部固定连接。
  21. 根据权利要求19所述的定位装置，其特征在于，
    所述第三底板和所述第二底板面对面设置，所述第三底板和所述第二底板之间设有第三间隙，所述第二侧板和所述第三侧板设于所述第三间隙中，所述第二底板所述第二侧板和所述第三侧板相垂直，并与所述第二侧板和第三侧板固定连接。
  22. 根据权利要求12-21中任意一项所述的定位装置，其特征在于，
    所述定位部包括定位销，所述定位销一端与所述电动推杆部相连接，另一端为锥体结构，可伸入车身定位孔中进行定位。
  23. 一种换电设备，其特征在于，所述换电设备包括两个以上的如权利要求1-22中任意一项所述定位装置。
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