WO2019181787A1 - 正極用化合物 - Google Patents
正極用化合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019181787A1 WO2019181787A1 PCT/JP2019/010858 JP2019010858W WO2019181787A1 WO 2019181787 A1 WO2019181787 A1 WO 2019181787A1 JP 2019010858 W JP2019010858 W JP 2019010858W WO 2019181787 A1 WO2019181787 A1 WO 2019181787A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- nickel
- compound
- less
- coating layer
- Prior art date
Links
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 410
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 199
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002941 palladium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 88
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 35
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 27
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 15
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 9
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 8
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine hydrate Chemical compound O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 8
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- 102100028667 C-type lectin domain family 4 member A Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 229910021503 Cobalt(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101000766908 Homo sapiens C-type lectin domain family 4 member A Proteins 0.000 description 4
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Co+2] ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 3
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(2+) Chemical compound [Pd+2] MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910018916 CoOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aqua regia Chemical compound Cl.O[N+]([O-])=O QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidynenickel Chemical compound [P].[Ni] OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(C2=NNN=N2)=C1 KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical group [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPQPAQCECMVNAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;1h-pyrimidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O.O=C1C=CNC(=O)N1 WPQPAQCECMVNAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940053662 nickel sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001379 sodium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003657 tungsten Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
-
- C01G53/006—
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/34—Gastight accumulators
- H01M10/345—Gastight metal hydride accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0014—Alkaline electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a compound for a positive electrode of a storage battery, and particularly relates to a compound for a positive electrode having high conductivity, that is, having a low volume resistivity and having an excellent utilization factor after being left at high temperature and in initial characteristics.
- a coating layer having a metal element may be formed on the surface of a metal hydroxide that is a nucleus.
- a metal hydroxide that is a nucleus For example, surface-modified nickel hydroxide in which the surface of nickel hydroxide, which is a nucleus, is coated with cobalt oxide has been proposed as a positive electrode active material for alkaline storage batteries that has a high positive electrode utilization rate and improved cycle characteristics (Patent Literature). 1).
- Patent Document 1 when a positive electrode plate is manufactured, a utilization aid is improved by adding a conductive additive to improve conductivity.
- nickel hydroxide hydroxide is introduced by adding a solution mainly composed of palladium chloride and hydrochloric acid while stirring nickel hydroxide fine particles in an electroless plating bath. It has been proposed to form a coating layer of electroless plating by supporting a palladium catalyst on the surface of fine particles and simultaneously performing electroless plating (Patent Document 2).
- the electroless plating coating layer is composed of a nickel-phosphorus composite coating.
- the electroless plating coating layer contains a large amount of phosphorus element.
- the phosphorus element has room for improvement in the performance of the storage battery, particularly in utilization and conductivity in the initial characteristics after being left at high temperature.
- Patent Document 2 when producing a positive electrode plate, an improvement in the utilization rate has been achieved by adding a conductive additive to improve conductivity.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a positive electrode compound that is excellent in utilization rate after standing at high temperature and in initial characteristics and has high conductivity.
- An aspect of the present invention is a secondary particle in which primary particles are aggregated, and a coating containing a core containing nickel composite hydroxide and a nickel element having a cobalt element on the surface of the core and having a cobalt element of 500 ppm or less and a phosphorus element of 10 ppm or less
- the content of nickel element in the coating layer is 6 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the core, and the volume resistivity is 1.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- It is the compound for positive electrodes which is the following and is for positive electrode active materials of an alkaline storage battery.
- An aspect of the present invention is a secondary particle in which primary particles are aggregated, and a coating containing a core containing nickel composite hydroxide and a nickel element having a cobalt element on the surface of the core and having a cobalt element of 500 ppm or less and a phosphorus element of 10 ppm or less
- the content of nickel element in the coating layer is 6 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the core, and the volume resistivity is 5.0 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ .
- -It is cm or less, and is a positive electrode compound that is used for a precursor of a positive electrode active material of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- An aspect of the present invention is a secondary particle in which primary particles are aggregated, and a coating containing a core containing nickel composite hydroxide and a nickel element having a cobalt element on the surface of the core and having a cobalt element of 500 ppm or less and a phosphorus element of 10 ppm or less
- a nickel element content in the coating layer is 6 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the core, and a volume resistivity is 1.5 ⁇ 10 8 ⁇ .
- -It is cm or less, and is a compound for positive electrode which is for the positive electrode active material of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- An aspect of the present invention is a positive electrode compound in which the nucleus includes at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of cobalt, zinc, manganese, lithium, magnesium, aluminum, zirconium, yttrium, ytterbium, and tungsten.
- An aspect of the present invention is a positive electrode compound in which the coating layer containing nickel element has an average primary particle size of 10 nm to 100 nm.
- the average primary particle diameter of the nickel element in the coating layer is selected from ten images of primary particles selected from an image obtained by observing the coating layer with a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Means the average value of the values measured for the longest diameter parts.
- the aspect of the present invention is a positive electrode compound further containing a palladium compound.
- the nucleus is represented by the general formula (1).
- M represents at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of cobalt, zinc, manganese, magnesium, aluminum, yttrium and ytterbium. It is a compound for positive electrodes represented.
- the nucleus is represented by the general formula (3).
- Ni (1-z) P z (OH) 2 + c (3) (In the formula: 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.7, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.28, P is at least one selected from the group consisting of cobalt, zinc, manganese, magnesium, aluminum, zirconium, yttrium, ytterbium and tungsten. It is a compound for positive electrodes represented by this.
- An aspect of the present invention is a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the positive electrode compound as a precursor.
- the nucleus is represented by the general formula (2).
- a compound for a positive electrode represented by:
- a nucleus containing nickel composite hydroxide, and a coating layer containing nickel element having a cobalt element of 500 ppm or less and a phosphorus element of 10 ppm or less on the surface of the nucleus When the content of the nickel element is 6 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the nucleus, a positive electrode compound having excellent utilization rate after standing at high temperature and in initial characteristics can be obtained. Moreover, since the volume resistivity is 1.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less, a positive electrode compound having high conductivity can be obtained. Therefore, when producing a positive electrode plate using the positive electrode compound, the positive electrode plate can obtain excellent conductivity even if the addition amount of the conductive auxiliary agent is reduced or the conductive auxiliary agent is not added.
- the nickel element particles of the coating layer are refined and the conductivity of the positive electrode compound is further improved. Can be made.
- the positive electrode compound of the present invention is a secondary particle in which primary particles are aggregated, and includes a nucleus containing a nickel composite hydroxide, a nickel element having a cobalt element of 500 ppm or less and a phosphorus element of 10 ppm or less on the surface of the nucleus.
- -It is a compound for positive electrodes which is cm or less. Therefore, the positive electrode compound of the present invention is a nickel-containing coated nickel composite hydroxide, which is a particle having a core-shell structure and has a core of nickel-containing composite hydroxide particles and a coating layer containing nickel. ing.
- the shape of the compound for positive electrode of the present invention in the form of particles is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a substantially spherical shape.
- the positive electrode compound of the present invention is secondary particles formed by aggregation of a plurality of primary particles.
- the volume resistivity of the positive electrode compound of the present invention is 1.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less. It is considered that the nickel element in the coating layer is miniaturized, which contributes to the improvement of conductivity.
- the volume resistivity of the positive electrode compound is not particularly limited as long as it is 1.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less, and a lower volume resistivity is preferable, for example, 1.5 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less is more preferable, and 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less is more preferable, and 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less is particularly preferable.
- the lower limit value of the volume resistivity of the positive electrode compound is not particularly limited. For example, it is 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm from the viewpoint of efficient production.
- the particle size distribution of the positive electrode compound is not particularly limited.
- the lower limit value of the secondary particle diameter D50 (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “D50”) having a cumulative volume percentage of 50% by volume obtains high temperature resistance. From the viewpoint, 2.0 ⁇ m is preferable, 2.5 ⁇ m is more preferable, and 3.0 ⁇ m is particularly preferable.
- the upper limit value of D50 of the positive electrode compound is preferably 30.0 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 25.0 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of the balance between improving the density and securing the contact surface with the electrolytic solution. The above lower limit value and upper limit value can be arbitrarily combined.
- composition of the core of the positive electrode compound is not particularly limited as long as it contains nickel hydroxide, but if necessary, in addition to nickel, cobalt, zinc, manganese, lithium, magnesium, aluminum,
- a hydroxide containing at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of zirconium, yttrium, ytterbium, and tungsten may be used.
- the positive electrode compound of the present invention can be used, for example, as a positive electrode active material for an alkaline storage battery, as a positive electrode active material for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, or as a positive electrode active material precursor for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the positive electrode compound of the present invention When the positive electrode compound of the present invention is applied as a positive electrode active material for alkaline storage batteries, the following general formula (1) Ni (1-x) M x (OH) 2 + a (1) (In the formula: 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.2, M represents at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of cobalt, zinc, manganese, magnesium, aluminum, yttrium and ytterbium. The compound for positive electrodes represented by this can be mentioned.
- the positive electrode compound of the present invention When the positive electrode compound of the present invention is applied for the positive electrode active material of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the following general formula (2) Li [Li y (Ni (1-b) N b ) 1-y ] O 2 (2) (In the formula: 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.7, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.50, N is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, manganese, magnesium, aluminum, zirconium, yttrium, ytterbium and tungsten. And a positive electrode compound represented by the following formula:
- a positive electrode compound for a positive electrode active material of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery is prepared by adding a lithium ion to a nickel composite hydroxide and firing it to nucleate (for example, a nucleus represented by the general formula (2)). And the obtained core contains a nickel element having a cobalt element of 500 ppm or less and a phosphorus element of 10 ppm or less and a nickel element content of 6 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the nucleus. It can be obtained by forming a layer.
- the positive electrode compound of the present invention when applied as a positive electrode active material precursor of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the following general formula (3) Ni (1-z) P z (OH) 2 + c (3) (In the formula: 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.7, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.28, P is at least one selected from the group consisting of cobalt, zinc, manganese, magnesium, aluminum, zirconium, yttrium, ytterbium and tungsten. And a positive electrode compound represented by the following formula:
- Lithium ions are further added to the positive electrode compound of the present invention which is a nickel-containing coated nickel composite hydroxide (for example, a nickel-containing coated nickel composite hydroxide having a nucleus represented by the general formula (3)), By baking, the positive electrode active material of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery can be obtained.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery include a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the surface of the nucleus described above is coated with a coating layer containing a nickel element having a cobalt element of 500 ppm or less and a phosphorus element of 10 ppm or less. Content of the said cobalt element and phosphorus element is content in a coating layer.
- the utilization factor is improved after standing at high temperature (for example, about 90 ° C.) and in the initial characteristics, and the volume resistivity is further reduced.
- the content of cobalt element is not particularly limited as long as it is 500 ppm or less, but 200 ppm or less is preferable from the viewpoint of more reliably reducing the volume resistivity while improving the utilization rate in the initial characteristics after standing at high temperature, 100 ppm or less is more preferable, 50 ppm or less is more preferable, and 10 ppm or less is particularly preferable.
- the content of the phosphorus element is not particularly limited as long as it is 10 ppm or less, but it is more preferably 5 ppm or less from the viewpoint of more reliably reducing the volume resistivity while improving the utilization rate in the initial characteristics after standing at high temperatures. 2 ppm or less is particularly preferable. From the above, the main component of the coating layer containing nickel element is nickel element.
- the composition of the coating layer containing nickel element is 500 ppm or less for cobalt element and 10 ppm or less for phosphorus element, and is mainly composed of nickel element.
- the nickel content in the coating layer is, for example, preferably 99% by mass or more, more preferably 99.9% by mass or more, and 100% by mass from the viewpoint of more reliably improving the utilization rate after standing at high temperature and initial characteristics. Is particularly preferred.
- the content of nickel element in the coating layer is in the range of 6 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the core.
- the content of nickel element in the coating layer is 6 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the nucleus, not only the initial characteristics but also an excellent utilization rate after standing at high temperature is obtained, and the volume resistivity Can be reduced.
- the content of the nickel element in the coating layer is not particularly limited as long as it is 6 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the nucleus. From the viewpoint of further improving the rate, it is particularly preferably 7 parts by mass or more and 15 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the nucleus.
- the nickel element of the coating layer is particulate.
- the surface of the core containing nickel composite hydroxide is covered with the nickel particles overlapping.
- the shape of each nickel element of a coating layer is not specifically limited, For example, it is a substantially spherical shape.
- the average primary particle diameter of the nickel element in the coating layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 10 nm to 100 nm.
- the average primary particle diameter of the nickel element in the coating layer is 10 nm or more and 100 nm or less, so that the nickel element is miniaturized, the surface of the coating layer is smoothed and densified, and the conductivity of the positive electrode compound is increased. Further improvement, that is, volume resistivity can be further reduced.
- the average primary particle diameter of nickel element in the coating layer is more preferably 20 nm or more and 80 nm or less, and particularly preferably 30 nm or more and 70 nm or less. Note that the coating layer containing nickel element may cover the entire surface of the nucleus containing nickel composite hydroxide, or may cover a partial region of the surface of the nucleus containing nickel composite hydroxide.
- the average thickness of the coating layer is not particularly limited, and for example, the lower limit is preferably 20 nm, particularly preferably 70 nm, from the viewpoint of more reliably reducing the volume resistivity.
- the upper limit is preferably 200 nm, and particularly preferably 100 nm, from the viewpoint of reliably maintaining the excellent battery characteristics of the positive electrode compound, where the nucleus contributes mainly to the battery characteristics of the positive electrode compound.
- the positive electrode compound of the present invention uses a palladium catalyst for its production. Therefore, the positive electrode compound of the present invention contains a trace amount of a palladium compound. Content of the palladium element in the compound for positive electrodes is 1 ppm or more and 100 ppm or less, for example.
- the BET specific surface area of the positive electrode compound of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the lower limit is preferably 0.1 m 2 / g from the viewpoint of the balance between improving the density and securing the contact surface with the electrolytic solution. 0.3 m 2 / g is particularly preferable.
- the upper limit is preferably 50.0m 2 / g, 40.0m 2 / g is particularly preferred. The above lower limit value and upper limit value can be arbitrarily combined.
- the tap density of the positive electrode compound of the present invention is not particularly limited, but for example, 1.5 g / cm 3 or more is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the filling degree when used as a positive electrode active material, and 1.7 g / cm 3. The above is particularly preferable.
- the bulk density of the positive electrode compound of the present invention is not particularly limited, for example, 0.8 g / cm 3 or more is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the filling degree when used as a positive electrode active material, and 1.0 g / cm 3 or more. Is particularly preferred.
- nickel composite hydroxide particles serving as a nucleus are prepared.
- the nickel composite hydroxide particles are prepared by a coprecipitation method using a nickel salt solution (eg, sulfate solution) or nickel and other metal elements (eg, cobalt, zinc, manganese, lithium, magnesium, aluminum).
- a nickel salt solution eg, sulfate solution
- nickel and other metal elements eg, cobalt, zinc, manganese, lithium, magnesium, aluminum
- Niobium, yttrium, ytterbium and / or tungsten salt solution (eg, sulfate solution) and complexing agent are reacted to form nickel composite hydroxide particles (eg, nickel hydroxide particles, nickel and other metals)
- nickel composite hydroxide particles eg, nickel hydroxide particles, nickel and other metals
- an element eg, hydroxide particles containing cobalt, zinc, manganese, lithium, magnesium, aluminum, zirconium, yttrium, ytterbium and / or tungsten
- a suspension is obtained.
- a solvent for the suspension for example, water is used.
- the complexing agent is not particularly limited as long as it can form a complex with nickel and ions of other metal elements in an aqueous solution.
- an ammonium ion supplier ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate
- Ammonium fluoride, etc. hydrazine
- ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid nitrilotriacetic acid
- uracil diacetic acid glycine
- an alkali metal hydroxide for example, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide
- an alkali metal hydroxide for example, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide
- the temperature of the reaction vessel is controlled within a range of, for example, 10 ° C. to 80 ° C., preferably 20 to 70 ° C.
- the pH value in the reaction vessel is controlled based on the liquid temperature of 25 ° C., for example, pH 9 to pH 13
- the substance in the reaction vessel is appropriately agitated while controlling preferably within the range of pH 11-13.
- separate the formed nickel composite hydroxide particle can be mentioned, for example.
- a palladium-based catalyst and a surfactant are supplied to the nickel composite hydroxide particles obtained as described above, and the palladium-based catalyst is supported on the surface of the nickel composite hydroxide particles.
- nickel composite hydroxide particles carrying a palladium-based catalyst are immersed in a plating solution mainly containing nickel that does not contain phosphorus element, and further hydrazine-based additive is added to perform electroless plating, Nickel is plated on the surface of the nickel composite hydroxide particles.
- the thickness of the coating layer and / or the composition of the plating solution is adjusted so that the nickel element content of the coating layer is 6 parts by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the core.
- a plating film is formed on the surface of the composite hydroxide particles.
- the average primary particle diameter of nickel element in the coating layer is in the range of 10 nm to 100 nm. If the palladium-based catalyst is not supported on the surface of the nickel composite hydroxide particles, the average primary particle diameter of the nickel element in the coating layer becomes coarser than 100 nm, and the surface of the coating layer is roughened and roughened. A volume resistivity of 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less cannot be obtained.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer containing the positive electrode compound of the present invention formed on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode active material layer includes a positive electrode active material that is a compound for positive electrodes of the present invention, a binder (binder), and a small amount of a conductive aid depending on use conditions and the like.
- the positive electrode compound of the present invention has a low volume resistivity, it may be possible to impart predetermined conductivity to the positive electrode without adding a conductive auxiliary.
- a conductive support agent if it can be used for a livestock battery (secondary battery), for example, Acetylene black (AB), metallic cobalt, cobalt oxide, etc. can be used.
- the binder is not particularly limited, but polymer resins such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), butadiene rubber (BR), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and the like, and these combinations can be mentioned.
- network, a foam metal, for example, foam nickel, a mesh metal fiber sintered compact, a metal plating resin board etc. can be mentioned.
- a method for producing a positive electrode of an alkaline storage battery such as a nickel metal hydride secondary battery or a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery
- the positive electrode compound of the present invention, a conductive additive, a binder and water are mixed.
- An active material slurry is prepared.
- the positive electrode active material slurry is filled into a positive electrode current collector by a known filling method, dried, and then rolled and fixed with a press or the like to obtain a positive electrode.
- the positive electrode compound of the present invention when used as a precursor of the positive electrode active material of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery, the positive electrode compound of the present invention includes lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide and the like. Lithium compound is added to obtain a mixture of a lithium compound and a positive electrode compound, and the resulting mixture is subjected to primary firing (calcination temperature is, for example, 600 ° C. to 900 ° C., and firing time is, for example, 5 hours to 20 hours) Further, by performing secondary firing (baking temperature is, for example, 700 ° C. or higher and 1000 ° C.
- the positive electrode active of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery is obtained.
- a substance can be obtained.
- the positive electrode of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery has a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer formed on the surface of the positive electrode current collector using the positive electrode compound of the present invention as a precursor.
- the positive electrode active material layer has a positive electrode active material using the positive electrode compound of the present invention as a precursor, a binder (binder), and, if necessary, a conductive additive.
- the positive electrode current collector, the binder, and the conductive assistant the same ones as described above can be used.
- a positive electrode active material As a method for producing a positive electrode of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery, for example, first, a positive electrode active material, a conductive additive, a binder, and N using the positive electrode compound of the present invention as a precursor are firstly used. -Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is mixed to prepare a positive electrode active material slurry. Next, the positive electrode active material slurry is filled into a positive electrode current collector by a known filling method, dried, and then rolled and fixed with a press or the like to obtain a positive electrode.
- NMP -Methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- a storage battery for example, alkaline storage battery, non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, etc.
- alkaline storage battery non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, etc.
- the mixture was continuously stirred by a propeller stirrer with a stirring blade speed of 520 rpm and a stirring blade of 250 mm.
- the produced hydroxide was taken out from the overflow pipe of the reaction tank.
- the extracted hydroxide was subjected to water washing, dehydration, and drying to obtain nickel composite hydroxide particles as cores.
- the composition of the obtained nickel composite hydroxide particles has a nickel element content of 92.1 parts by mass, a cobalt element content of 1.12 parts by mass, and a zinc element content of 6.77 parts by mass. This was confirmed with an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer.
- the nickel composite hydroxide particles prepared as described above are directly subjected to electroless pure nickel plating treatment, and a nickel composite hydroxide having a nickel plating film as a coating layer, that is, nickel-containing coated nickel composite hydroxide.
- a nickel composite hydroxide having a nickel plating film was produced as follows.
- the base particles were stirred with a cationic surfactant for 10 minutes in order to modify the base particle surface. Then, after washing with filtered water, the mixture was stirred with a palladium ion catalyst solution for 10 minutes to adsorb palladium ions on the surface of the substrate particles. Thereafter, after washing with filtered water, the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes with a reducing solution to support the palladium catalyst on the surface of the substrate particles. Then, after washing with filtered water, the substrate particles having a palladium catalyst supported on the surface thereof were pre-stirred for 1 minute in a nickel sulfate solution heated to 80 ° C.
- the composition of the nickel sulfate solution was nickel salt 0.30 mol / L, citrate 1 mol / L, and carbonate 1.7 mol / L. Thereafter, hydrazine monohydrate was added to the nickel sulfate solution in an amount of 0.4 mol / L. After the start of the reaction, the substrate particles carrying the palladium catalyst on the surface are stirred for 5 minutes or longer in a nickel sulfate solution containing hydrazine monohydrate, and a nickel plating film is formed on the surface of the nickel composite hydroxide particles. Then, a coating layer containing nickel element was formed.
- nickel composite hydroxide particles on which the coating layer containing nickel element was formed were washed with filtered water and dried at 80 ° C. In this way, nickel-containing coated nickel composite hydroxide particles, which are positive electrode compounds according to the present invention, were obtained.
- content (7.5 mass part, 10 mass parts) of the nickel element of the coating layer with respect to 100 mass parts of nickel composite hydroxide particles was adjusted by adjusting the input amount of the nickel sulfate solution.
- Nickel composite hydroxide particles serving as a nucleus were obtained in the same manner as in the above example. Thereafter, nickel composite hydroxide particles serving as nuclei were charged into an aqueous alkali solution in a reaction bath maintained at pH 9.0 with sodium hydroxide at a liquid temperature of 50 ° C. After the addition, an aqueous cobalt sulfate solution having a concentration of 90 g / L was added dropwise while stirring the solution. During this time, an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is appropriately added dropwise, and the reaction bath is maintained at pH 9.0 on the basis of a liquid temperature of 50 ° C.
- nickel composite hydroxide particles for 1 hour, so that cobalt hydroxide is deposited on the surface of the nickel composite hydroxide particles (core).
- Cobalt hydroxide-coated nickel composite hydroxide particles having a coating layer made of were obtained.
- content of the coated cobalt was 2.6 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of nickel composite hydroxide particles.
- Nickel composite hydroxide particles serving as nuclei were obtained in the same manner as in the above examples. Thereafter, electroless nickel plating was applied to nickel composite hydroxide particles having an average particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m. As the electroless plating bath, one having the following composition was used. Nickel sulfate 22.0g / L Glycine 33.3g / L Sodium hypophosphite 23.3g / L Sodium hydroxide 12.3g / L Surfactant 10mL / L pH 9.5
- a 3 L plating bath satisfying the above conditions was built at 60 ° C., and 50 g of nickel composite hydroxide particles were directly charged. That is, no pretreatment steps such as an immersion degreasing step, a surface adjustment step, and an etching step were performed.
- propeller stirring is carried out for 10 minutes at a speed of 500 revolutions per minute, and 20 mL of a solution mainly composed of palladium chloride and hydrochloric acid (activator, palladium chloride concentration 2 g / L) is added thereto. I put it in. With this addition, foaming started instantaneously, and palladium ion reduction and nickel plating began to progress.
- the evaluation items are as follows.
- Composition analysis The composition analysis of the nickel composite hydroxide powders obtained in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 2 to 5 was conducted by dissolving the obtained powder in hydrochloric acid or aqua regia and then inductively coupled plasma emission. An analysis apparatus (Perkin Elmer Japan Co., Ltd., 7300 DV) was used.
- (2) Volume resistivity Volume resistivity is measured with a Lorester resistivity meter (MCP-T610, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) and a high Leicester resistivity meter (MCP-HT450, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), and the volume at a load of 20 kN. The resistivity was determined. Measurement conditions are shown below. Lorester resistivity meter measurement method: auto range method, applied voltage 10V, load 20kN, sample weight 1.5g
- Hi-Lester resistivity meter measurement method auto range method, applied voltage 10V, load 20kN, sample weight 1.5g
- Utilization rate (%) 12th cycle discharge capacity (mAh) / theoretical capacity (mAh) ⁇ 100 (4) Utilization rate (after leaving at 90 ° C for 6 days)
- the nickel-metal hydride battery is charged at an environmental temperature of 25 ° C. for 6 hours at a charging rate of 0.2 C, then left at an environmental temperature of 25 ° C. for 0.5 hour, and then at an environmental temperature of 25 ° C. of 0.2 C
- the battery was discharged to 1.0 V at a discharge rate.
- the nickel metal hydride battery was discharged by allowing it to stand at 90 ° C. for 6 days in an unloaded connection state. Thereafter, the battery is charged at an environmental temperature of 25 ° C.
- Utilization rate (%) second cycle discharge capacity (mAh) / theoretical capacity (mAh) ⁇ 100 (5)
- Average primary particle diameter of the coating layer containing nickel element The average primary particle diameter of the coating layer containing nickel element is independent of the image obtained by observing the coating layer with a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). 10 primary particles present at random were selected, the longest diameter portions of the selected primary particles were measured, and the average value was taken as the average primary particle size.
- the nickel composite hydroxide particles as the core and the coating layer containing nickel element are formed.
- the composition was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) at substantially equal intervals from the center to the surface. That is, as shown in Table 2 below, in the nucleus, there is no significant change in the amount of nickel in the nucleus center portion and the nucleus surface portion, whereas in the nickel-containing coated nickel composite hydroxide particles, the particle center portion and the particle surface portion. There is a large change in the amount of nickel, and the amount of nickel is significantly larger at the particle surface than at the center of the particle (the amount of nickel indicated by the underline in Table 2). From this, it was confirmed that a coating layer containing nickel element was formed on the nickel composite hydroxide particles as the nucleus.
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray analysis
- the surface of the nickel composite hydroxide particles has a coating layer containing nickel element in which cobalt element is 0 ppm and phosphorus element is 2 ppm or less, and the content of nickel element in the coating layer is nickel.
- the volume resistivity is 0.0154 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less
- the utilization factor of the initial characteristics is 87.9%.
- the utilization factor at 90 ° C. on the sixth day was 81.4% or more.
- Example 1 not only the utilization factor of the initial characteristics but also the utilization factor after standing at high temperature was obtained, and a positive electrode compound having high conductivity could be obtained.
- Example 1 in which the content of nickel element in the coating layer was 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the nickel composite hydroxide particles, the utilization factor and conductivity after standing at high temperature were further improved.
- Example 1 and 2 it was confirmed that the utilization rate of the initial characteristics and the utilization rate after being left at high temperature were improved as the volume resistivity of the positive electrode compound decreased. Further, in Examples 1 and 2, the average primary particle diameter of the coating layer containing nickel element was refined to 81 nm to 83 nm as compared with Comparative Examples 2 to 4.
- Comparative Example 1 which is nickel composite hydroxide particles coated with CoOOH, the volume resistivity was 15.3 ⁇ ⁇ cm, and the utilization rate at 90 ° C. on the sixth day was only 77.1%. Therefore, in Comparative Example 1, it was not possible to obtain conductivity and good utilization after standing at high temperature.
- Comparative Examples 2 to 4 in which the covering layer containing nickel element contains 1570 ppm to 2327 ppm of phosphorus, the volume resistivity is 6.2 ⁇ ⁇ cm to 21.1 ⁇ ⁇ cm, but the utilization factor of initial characteristics 71 All utilization rates were greatly reduced, from 7% to 76.4% and utilization rates after standing at high temperatures of 66.6% to 71.0%. Moreover, in Comparative Example 5 in which the content of nickel element in the coating layer was 5.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the nickel composite hydroxide particles, the volume resistivity increased and no conductivity was obtained.
- the mixed raw material solution and the ammonium sulfate aqueous solution are continuously added as a complexing agent to the reaction vessel, and water is added so that the pH of the solution in the reaction vessel becomes 11.3 based on the liquid temperature of 40 ° C.
- a sodium oxide aqueous solution was dropped at an appropriate time to obtain nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide particles which are nickel composite hydroxide particles.
- the obtained nickel composite hydroxide particles were filtered, washed with water, and dried at 105 ° C. to obtain a nickel composite hydroxide dry powder of Comparative Example 7.
- Example 3 Method for Producing Compound for Positive Electrode of Example 3
- the nickel composite hydroxide particles of Comparative Example 7 prepared as described above were further directly subjected to electroless pure nickel plating treatment to obtain the coating layer of Example 3
- a nickel composite hydroxide having a nickel plating film (a nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide having a nickel plating film as a coating layer), that is, a nickel-containing coated nickel composite hydroxide was produced. More specifically, a nickel composite hydroxide having a nickel plating film was produced as follows.
- the base particles were agitated for 10 minutes in order to modify the base particle surface. Then, after washing with filtered water, the mixture was stirred with a palladium ion catalyst solution for 10 minutes to adsorb palladium ions on the surface of the substrate particles. Thereafter, after washing with filtered water, the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes with a reducing solution to support the palladium catalyst on the surface of the substrate particles. Then, after washing with filtered water, the substrate particles having a palladium catalyst supported on the surface thereof were pre-stirred for 1 minute in a nickel sulfate solution heated to 80 ° C.
- the composition of the nickel sulfate solution was nickel salt 0.30 mol / L, citrate 1 mol / L, and carbonate 1.7 mol / L. Thereafter, hydrazine monohydrate was added to the nickel sulfate solution in an amount of 0.4 mol / L. After the start of the reaction, the substrate particles carrying the palladium catalyst on the surface are stirred for 5 minutes or longer in a nickel sulfate solution containing hydrazine monohydrate, and a nickel plating film is formed on the surface of the nickel composite hydroxide particles. Then, a coating layer containing nickel element was formed.
- nickel composite hydroxide particles on which the coating layer containing nickel element was formed were washed with filtered water and dried at 80 ° C. In this way, nickel-containing coated nickel composite hydroxide particles, which are positive electrode compounds according to the present invention, were obtained. In addition, content (10 mass parts) of the nickel element of the coating layer with respect to 100 mass parts of nickel composite hydroxide particles was adjusted by adjusting the input amount of the nickel sulfate solution.
- the evaluation items are as follows.
- Composition analysis The composition analysis of the positive electrode compound powder obtained in Example 4 and Comparative Example 6 was carried out by dissolving the obtained powder in hydrochloric acid or aqua regia and then using an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (Perkin Co., Ltd.). Elmer Japan Co., Ltd., 7300 DV) was used.
- (2) Volume resistivity The volume resistivity was measured with a Lorester resistivity meter (MCP-T610, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical) and a high Leester resistivity meter (MCP-HT450, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical), and the volume resistivity at a load of 20 kN. Asked. Measurement conditions are shown below.
- Lorester resistivity meter measurement method auto range method, applied voltage 10V, load 20kN, sample weight 1.5g
- Hi-Lester resistivity meter measurement method auto range method, applied voltage 10V, load 20kN, sample weight 1.5g
- Capacity maintenance rate (%) 10C discharge capacity (mAh / g) /0.2C discharge capacity (mAh / g) ⁇ 100 (6)
- Average primary particle diameter of the coating layer containing nickel element The average primary particle diameter of the coating layer containing nickel element of the positive electrode compound powder of Example 3 was coated with a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). From the image of observing the layer, 10 primary particles present independently were selected at random, and the site of the longest diameter of the selected primary particles was measured, and the average value was defined as the average primary particle size. .
- the molar ratio of Li: Ni: Co: Mn was 1.011: 0.575: 0.170: 0. 255.
- the composition analysis of the lithium-nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide powder of Comparative Example 6 was performed, the molar ratio of Li: Ni: Co: Mn was 1.022: 0.499: 0.200: 0.301. It was.
- the volume resistivity of the nickel-containing coated nickel composite hydroxide of Example 3 is 4.713 ⁇ 10 7 ⁇ ⁇ cm, and the volume resistivity of Comparative Example 7 is 1.559 ⁇ 10 8 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the conductivity was improved compared to nickel composite hydroxide.
- the volume resistivity of 1.679 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ ⁇ cm of the lithium-nickel-containing coated nickel composite oxide of Example 4 is the same as that of Comparative Example 6 in which the volume resistivity is 5.605 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the conductivity was improved compared to the product.
- the initial capacity 157.4 mAh / g of the lithium-nickel-containing coated nickel composite oxide of Example 4 having a low volume resistivity is 153.9 mAh / g in Comparative Example 6.
- the capacity was higher than that of the lithium-nickel composite oxide.
- the DCIR of 1.73 ⁇ at 25 ° C. in the SOC 50% of the lithium-nickel-containing coated nickel composite oxide of Example 4 having a low volume resistivity is 25 ° C. in the SOC 50% of Comparative Example 6.
- the resistance was lower than that of a lithium-nickel composite oxide having a DCIR of 1.98 ⁇ .
- the capacity retention ratio calculated by calculating the ratio of the capacity discharged at 10 C to the capacity discharged at 0.2 C of the lithium-nickel-containing coated nickel composite oxide of Example 4 having a low volume resistivity. 6% has higher load characteristics than the lithium-nickel composite oxide having a capacity retention ratio of 65.1%, which is a ratio of the capacity discharged at 10C to the capacity discharged at 0.2C in Comparative Example 6. Was.
- the average primary particle diameter of the coating layer containing nickel element in Example 3 was refined by 50 nm to 90 nm.
- the positive electrode compound of the present invention has the above-described structure of the coating layer, it is excellent in the utilization factor of the initial characteristics and the utilization factor after being left at high temperature, and has high conductivity, so that it can be used in the field of a wide range of storage batteries.
- the utility value is high for a positive electrode active material of an alkaline storage battery, a positive electrode active material of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and a precursor of a positive electrode active material of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
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Abstract
Description
Ni(1-x)Mx(OH)2+a (1)
(式中:0<x≦0.2、0≦a≦0.2、Mは、コバルト、亜鉛、マンガン、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、イットリウム及びイッテルビウムからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種の金属元素を示す。)で表される正極用化合物である。
Ni(1-z)Pz(OH)2+c (3)
(式中:0<z≦0.7、0≦c≦0.28、Pは、コバルト、亜鉛、マンガン、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、ジルコニウム、イットリウム、イッテルビウム及びタングステンからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種の金属元素を示す。)で表される正極用化合物である。
Li[Liy(Ni(1-b)Nb)1-y]O2 (2)
(式中:0<b≦0.7、0≦y≦0.50、Nは、コバルト、マンガン、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、ジルコニウム、イットリウム、イッテルビウム及びタングステンからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種の金属元素を示す。)で表される正極用化合物である。
Ni(1-x)Mx(OH)2+a (1)
(式中:0<x≦0.2、0≦a≦0.2、Mは、コバルト、亜鉛、マンガン、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、イットリウム及びイッテルビウムからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種の金属元素を示す。)で表される正極用化合物を挙げることができる。
Li[Liy(Ni(1-b)Nb)1-y]O2 (2)
(式中:0<b≦0.7、0≦y≦0.50、Nは、コバルト、マンガン、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、ジルコニウム、イットリウム、イッテルビウム及びタングステンからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種の金属元素を示す。)で表される正極用化合物を挙げることができる。
Ni(1-z)Pz(OH)2+c (3)
(式中:0<z≦0.7、0≦c≦0.28、Pは、コバルト、亜鉛、マンガン、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、ジルコニウム、イットリウム、イッテルビウム及びタングステンからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種の金属元素を示す。)で表される正極用化合物を挙げることができる。
ニッケル複合水酸化物粒子の調製
攪拌機付きの反応槽に、硫酸ニッケルと硫酸コバルトと硫酸亜鉛とを所定比(ニッケル:コバルト:亜鉛=92.1:1.12:6.77の質量比)で溶解した水溶液に、硫酸アンモニウム水溶液と水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を滴下して反応容積500Lの反応槽内で反応温度45.0℃、液温40℃基準で反応pH12.1に維持しながら、攪拌回転数520rpmで攪拌羽根が250mmのプロペラの攪拌機により連続的に攪拌した。生成した水酸化物は反応槽のオーバーフロー管からオーバーフローさせて取り出した。取り出した水酸化物に、水洗、脱水、乾燥の各処理を施して、核となるニッケル複合水酸化物粒子を得た。得られたニッケル複合水酸化物粒子の組成は、ニッケル元素の含有量が92.1質量部、コバルト元素の含有量が1.12質量部、亜鉛元素の含有量が6.77質量部であることを誘導結合プラズマ発光分析装置にて確認した。
上記実施例と同様にして、核となるニッケル複合水酸化物粒子を得た。その後、核となるニッケル複合水酸化物粒子を、水酸化ナトリウムにて液温50℃基準でpH9.0に維持した反応浴中のアルカリ水溶液に投入した。投入後、該溶液を撹拌しながら、濃度90g/Lの硫酸コバルト水溶液を滴下した。この間、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を適宜滴下して、液温50℃基準で反応浴をpH9.0に維持しながら1時間保持することで、ニッケル複合水酸化物粒子(核)の表面に水酸化コバルトからなる被覆層を形成させた、水酸化コバルト被覆ニッケル複合水酸化物粒子を得た。なお、被覆されたコバルトの含有量は、ニッケル複合水酸化物粒子100質量部に対して2.6質量部であった。
上記実施例と同様にして、核となるニッケル複合水酸化物粒子を得た。その後、平均粒径10μmのニッケル複合水酸化物粒子に対して、無電解ニッケルめっきを施した。無電解めっき浴としては、以下に示す組成を有するものを用いた。
硫酸ニッケル22.0g/L
グリシン33.3g/L
次亜リン酸ナトリウム23.3g/L
水酸化ナトリウム12.3g/L
界面活性剤10mL/L
pH9.5
硫酸ニッケル液の投入量を調節することで、ニッケル複合水酸化物粒子100質量部に対する被覆層のニッケル元素の含有量を5.0質量部に調整したこと以外は、上記実施例1~2の製造方法と同様にして比較例5の正極用化合物を製造した。
(1)組成分析
実施例1~2及び比較例2~5で得られたニッケル複合水酸化物粉末の組成分析は、得られた粉末を塩酸もしくは王水に溶解させた後、誘導結合プラズマ発光分析装置(株式会社パーキンエルマージャパン製、7300DV)を用いて行った。
(2)体積抵抗率
体積抵抗率は、ロレスター抵抗率計(三菱化学社製、MCP-T610)及びハイレスター抵抗率計(三菱化学社製、MCP-HT450)で測定し、荷重20kN時の体積抵抗率を求めた。以下により測定条件を示す。
ロレスター抵抗率計
測定方式:オートレンジ方式、印加電圧10V、荷重20kN、試料重量1.5g
ハイレスター抵抗率計
測定方式:オートレンジ方式、印加電圧10V、荷重20kN、試料重量1.5g
ニッケル水素電池を、25℃の環境温度で、0.2Cの充電率で6時間充電した後、25℃の環境温度で0.5時間放置し、その後、25℃の環境温度で0.2Cの放電率で1.0Vまで放電した。このような充放電を、12サイクル繰り返し、12サイクル目の放電容量を求めた。得られた12サイクル目の放電容量を元に、次式により利用率を求めた。
利用率(%)=12サイクル目の放電容量(mAh)/理論容量(mAh)×100
(4)利用率(90℃で6日間放置後)
ニッケル水素電池を、25℃の環境温度で、0.2Cの充電率で6時間充電した後、25℃の環境温度で0.5時間放置し、その後、25℃の環境温度で0.2Cの放電率で1.0Vまで放電した。その後0.2Cの深放電試験を実施した後に、無負荷接続状態にて90℃で6日間の自然放置することにより、ニッケル水素電池を放電した。その後25℃の環境温度で、0.2Cの充電率で6時間充電した後、25℃の環境温度で0.5時間放置し、25℃の環境温度で0.2Cの放電率で1.0Vまで放電した。このような充放電を2サイクル繰り返し、2サイクル目の放電容量を求めた。得られた2サイクル目の放電容量を元に、次式により利用率を求めた。
利用率(%)=2サイクル目の放電容量(mAh)/理論容量(mAh)×100
(5)ニッケル元素を含む被覆層の平均一次粒子径
ニッケル元素を含む被覆層の平均一次粒子径は、電界放出形走査電子顕微鏡(FE-SEM)にて被覆層を観察した画像から、独立して存在している一次粒子をランダムに10個選択し、選択した上記一次粒子の最長直径の部位を、それぞれ測定し、その平均値を平均一次粒子径とした。
攪拌機及びオーバーフローパイプを備えた反応槽内に水を入れた後、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加した。硫酸ニッケル水溶液と硫酸コバルト水溶液と硫酸マンガン水溶液とを、ニッケル原子とコバルト原子とマンガン原子との原子比が0.50:0.20:0.30となるように混合して、混合原料液を調製した。次に、反応槽内に、攪拌下、この混合原料溶液と硫酸アンモニウム水溶液を錯化剤として連続的に添加し、反応槽内の溶液のpHが液温40℃基準で11.3になるよう水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を適時滴下し、ニッケル複合水酸化物粒子であるニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物粒子を得た。得られたニッケル複合水酸化物粒子を、濾過後水洗し、105℃で乾燥することにより、比較例7のニッケル複合水酸化物の乾燥粉末を得た。
上記のようにして調製した比較例7のニッケル複合水酸化物粒子に、さらに、直接、無電解純ニッケルめっき処理を施して、実施例3の、被覆層としてニッケルめっき膜を有するニッケル複合水酸化物(被覆層としてニッケルめっき膜を有するニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物)、すなわち、ニッケル含有被覆ニッケル複合水酸化物を製造した。より詳細には、以下の通りに、ニッケルめっき膜を有するニッケル複合水酸化物を製造した。
以上のようにして得られた実施例3のニッケル含有被覆ニッケル複合水酸化物の乾燥粉末と炭酸リチウム粉末とをLi/(Ni+Co+Mn)=1.03となるように秤量して混合した後、大気雰囲気下740℃で8.4時間一次焼成して、リチウム-ニッケル含有被覆ニッケル複合酸化物を一次焼成粉末として得た。その後、一次焼成粉末を粉砕し、大気雰囲気下940℃で8.4時間二次焼成して、実施例4のリチウム-ニッケル含有被覆ニッケル複合酸化物を二次焼成粉末として得た。
比較例7のニッケル複合水酸化物の乾燥粉末と炭酸リチウム粉末とをLi/(Ni+Co+Mn)=1.03となるように秤量して混合した後、大気雰囲気下740℃で8.4時間一次焼成して、リチウム-ニッケル複合酸化物を一次焼成粉末として得た。その後、一次焼成粉末を粉砕し、大気雰囲気下940℃で8.4時間二次焼成して、比較例6のリチウム-ニッケル複合酸化物を二次焼成粉末として得た。
(1)組成分析
実施例4及び比較例6で得られた正極用化合物粉末の組成分析は、得られた粉末を塩酸もしくは王水に溶解させた後、誘導結合プラズマ発光分析装置(株式会社パーキンエルマージャパン社製、7300DV)を用いて行った。
(2)体積抵抗率
体積抵抗率は、ロレスター抵抗率計(三菱化学製、MCP-T610)及びハイレスター抵抗率計(三菱化学製、MCP-HT450)で測定し、荷重20kN時の体積抵抗率を求めた。以下により測定条件を示す。
ロレスター抵抗率計
測定方式:オートレンジ方式、印加電圧10V、荷重20kN、試料重量1.5g
ハイレスター抵抗率計
測定方式:オートレンジ方式、印加電圧10V、荷重20kN、試料重量1.5g
実施例4、比較例6の正極用化合物粉末を用いてラミネートセル型電池を作製し、すべて25℃の環境温度で充放電を行った。0.05Cの条件で4.2VまでCV条件で充電した後、0.1Cの条件で2.7Vまで放電した。0.1Cの条件で4.2VまでCV条件で充電した後、0.2Cの条件で2.7Vまで放電し、この条件を3サイクル行った。0.2Cの条件で4.2VまでCV条件で充電した後、0.2Cの条件で2.7Vまで放電し、この条件を5サイクル行った。0.2Cの条件で4.2VまでCV条件で充電した後、0.2Cの条件で3.0Vまで放電し、この条件を3サイクル行った。このときの最終の放電容量を初期容量とした。
(4)25℃でのDCIR測定
実施例4、比較例6の正極用化合物粉末を用いて作製したラミネートセル型電池を用いて、25℃の環境温度でSOC50%における電池のDCIR測定を実施した。
(5)負荷特性
実施例4、比較例6の正極用化合物粉末を用いて作製したラミネートセル型電池を用いて、25℃の環境温度で0.2Cの条件で4.2VまでCV条件で充電した後、0.2Cの条件で3.0Vまで放電した。また、25℃で0.2Cの条件で4.2VまでCV条件で充電した後、10Cの条件で3.0Vまで放電した。0.2Cで放電した容量に対する10Cで放電した容量の割合を負荷特性における容量維持率とした。次式に示す。
容量維持率(%)=10C放電容量(mAh/g)/0.2C放電容量(mAh/g)×100
(6)ニッケル元素を含む被覆層の平均一次粒子径
実施例3の正極用化合物粉末のニッケル元素を含む被覆層の平均一次粒子径は、電界放出形走査電子顕微鏡(FE-SEM)にて被覆層を観察した画像から、独立して存在している一次粒子をランダムに10個選択し、選択した上記一次粒子の最長直径の部位を、それぞれ測定し、その平均値を平均一次粒子径とした。
上記表3に示すように、実施例3のニッケル含有被覆ニッケル複合水酸化物の体積抵抗率4.713x107Ω・cmは、比較例7の体積抵抗率が1.559x108Ω・cmであるニッケル複合水酸化物に比べて導電性が向上した。また、実施例4のリチウム-ニッケル含有被覆ニッケル複合酸化物の体積抵抗率1.679x102Ω・cmは、比較例6の体積抵抗率が5.605x102Ω・cmであるリチウム-ニッケル複合酸化物に比べて導電性が向上した。
上記表3に示すように、体積抵抗率が低い実施例4のリチウム-ニッケル含有被覆ニッケル複合酸化物のSOC50%における25℃でのDCIR1.73Ωは、比較例6のSOC50%における25℃でのDCIRが1.98Ωであるリチウム-ニッケル複合酸化物に比べて低い抵抗を有していた。
上記表3に示すように、体積抵抗率が低い実施例4のリチウム-ニッケル含有被覆ニッケル複合酸化物の0.2Cで放電した容量に対する10Cで放電した容量の割合を算出した容量維持率65.6%は、比較例6の0.2Cで放電した容量に対する10Cで放電した容量の割合を算出した容量維持率が65.1%であるリチウム-ニッケル複合酸化物に比べて高い負荷特性を有していた。
Claims (10)
- 一次粒子が凝集した二次粒子であり、ニッケル複合水酸化物を含む核と、前記核の表面にコバルト元素が500ppm以下及びリン元素が10ppm以下であるニッケル元素を含む被覆層と、を有する正極用化合物であり、
前記被覆層のニッケル元素の含有量が、前記核100質量部に対して6質量部以上20質量部以下、
体積抵抗率が1.5×10Ω・cm以下であり、アルカリ蓄電池の正極活物質用である正極用化合物。 - 一次粒子が凝集した二次粒子であり、ニッケル複合水酸化物を含む核と、前記核の表面にコバルト元素が500ppm以下及びリン元素が10ppm以下であるニッケル元素を含む被覆層と、を有する正極用化合物であり、
前記被覆層のニッケル元素の含有量が、前記核100質量部に対して6質量部以上20質量部以下、
体積抵抗率が5.0×102Ω・cm以下であり、非水系電解質二次電池の正極活物質の前駆体用である正極用化合物。 - 一次粒子が凝集した二次粒子であり、ニッケル複合水酸化物を含む核と、前記核の表面にコバルト元素が500ppm以下及びリン元素が10ppm以下であるニッケル元素を含む被覆層と、を有する正極用化合物であり、
前記被覆層のニッケル元素の含有量が、前記核100質量部に対して6質量部以上20質量部以下、
体積抵抗率が1.5×108Ω・cm以下であり、非水系電解質二次電池の正極活物質用である正極用化合物。 - 前記核が、コバルト、亜鉛、マンガン、リチウム、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、ジルコニウム、イットリウム、イッテルビウム及びタングステンからなる群から選択された金属元素を少なくとも1種含む請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の正極用化合物。
- 前記ニッケル元素を含む被覆層の平均一次粒子径が、10nm以上100nm以下である請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の正極用化合物。
- さらに、パラジウム化合物を含む請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の正極用化合物。
- 前記核が、一般式(1)
Ni(1-x)Mx(OH)2+a (1)
(式中:0<x≦0.2、0≦a≦0.2、Mは、コバルト、亜鉛、マンガン、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、イットリウム及びイッテルビウムからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種の金属元素を示す。)で表される請求項1、4乃至6のいずれかに記載の正極用化合物。 - 前記核が、一般式(3)
Ni(1-z)Pz(OH)2+c (3)
(式中:0<z≦0.7、0≦c≦0.28、Pは、コバルト、亜鉛、マンガン、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、ジルコニウム、イットリウム、イッテルビウム及びタングステンからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種の金属元素を示す。)で表される請求項2、4乃至6のいずれかに記載の正極用化合物。 - 請求項8に記載の正極用化合物を前駆体として用いた、請求項3乃至6のいずれかに記載の非水系電解質二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記核が、一般式(2)
Li[Liy(Ni(1-b)Nb)1-y]O2 (2)
(式中:0<b≦0.7、0≦y≦0.50、Nは、コバルト、マンガン、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、ジルコニウム、イットリウム、イッテルビウム及びタングステンからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種の金属元素を示す。)で表される請求項3に記載の正極用化合物。
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JPH0982323A (ja) * | 1995-09-18 | 1997-03-28 | L Tec Asia Service:Kk | 電池用水酸化ニッケルおよびそれを用いたアルカリ電池 |
JPH117954A (ja) * | 1997-06-18 | 1999-01-12 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | 正極材料用メタル被覆水酸化ニッケルおよびその製造方法 |
JP2000294236A (ja) * | 1999-04-07 | 2000-10-20 | Kiyokawa Mekki Kogyo Kk | ニッケル電極およびその製造方法 |
WO2016068263A1 (ja) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-05-06 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | ニッケル含有複合水酸化物とその製造方法、非水系電解質二次電池用正極活物質とその製造方法、および非水系電解質二次電池 |
WO2016126622A1 (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2016-08-11 | Basf Corporation | Nickel hydroxide positive electrode for alkaline rechargeable battery |
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JPH0982323A (ja) * | 1995-09-18 | 1997-03-28 | L Tec Asia Service:Kk | 電池用水酸化ニッケルおよびそれを用いたアルカリ電池 |
JPH117954A (ja) * | 1997-06-18 | 1999-01-12 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | 正極材料用メタル被覆水酸化ニッケルおよびその製造方法 |
JP2000294236A (ja) * | 1999-04-07 | 2000-10-20 | Kiyokawa Mekki Kogyo Kk | ニッケル電極およびその製造方法 |
WO2016068263A1 (ja) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-05-06 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | ニッケル含有複合水酸化物とその製造方法、非水系電解質二次電池用正極活物質とその製造方法、および非水系電解質二次電池 |
WO2016126622A1 (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2016-08-11 | Basf Corporation | Nickel hydroxide positive electrode for alkaline rechargeable battery |
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