WO2019159858A1 - 透光性材料からなる封止用のリッド - Google Patents
透光性材料からなる封止用のリッド Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019159858A1 WO2019159858A1 PCT/JP2019/004772 JP2019004772W WO2019159858A1 WO 2019159858 A1 WO2019159858 A1 WO 2019159858A1 JP 2019004772 W JP2019004772 W JP 2019004772W WO 2019159858 A1 WO2019159858 A1 WO 2019159858A1
- Authority
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- brazing material
- lid
- sealing
- lid body
- brazing
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/02—Containers; Seals
- H01L23/06—Containers; Seals characterised by the material of the container or its electrical properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/02—Containers; Seals
- H01L23/10—Containers; Seals characterised by the material or arrangement of seals between parts, e.g. between cap and base of the container or between leads and walls of the container
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
- B23K1/0016—Brazing of electronic components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3013—Au as the principal constituent
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- C04B37/02—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
- C04B37/023—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used
- C04B37/026—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used consisting of metals or metal salts
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- C04B37/04—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with articles made from glass
- C04B37/045—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with articles made from glass characterised by the interlayer used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/02—Alloys based on gold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/48—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor
- H01L23/488—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor consisting of soldered or bonded constructions
- H01L23/498—Leads, i.e. metallisations or lead-frames on insulating substrates, e.g. chip carriers
- H01L23/49866—Leads, i.e. metallisations or lead-frames on insulating substrates, e.g. chip carriers characterised by the materials
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/483—Containers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
- C04B2237/125—Metallic interlayers based on noble metals, e.g. silver
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/52—Pre-treatment of the joining surfaces, e.g. cleaning, machining
- C04B2237/525—Pre-treatment of the joining surfaces, e.g. cleaning, machining by heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/59—Aspects relating to the structure of the interlayer
- C04B2237/592—Aspects relating to the structure of the interlayer whereby the interlayer is not continuous, e.g. not the whole surface of the smallest substrate is covered by the interlayer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/76—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least one member in the form other than a sheet or disc, e.g. two tubes or a tube and a sheet or disc
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/84—Joining of a first substrate with a second substrate at least partially inside the first substrate, where the bonding area is at the inside of the first substrate, e.g. one tube inside another tube
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/52—Encapsulations
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lid for a package that contains an optical element such as an LED, and relates to a sealing lid made of a material that transmits light. More specifically, the present invention relates to a sealing lid including a lid main body including a brazing material that is joined to a package and hermetically sealed, and is less likely to be damaged such as cracking during a sealing operation.
- Optical elements such as LEDs (light emitting diodes) and light receiving elements are widely used in the fields of illumination, sensors, optical communication, sterilization, and the like.
- an optical element is used in the above-described various apparatuses, it is a hermetically sealed package for protecting the optical element from the atmosphere.
- This package is manufactured by joining a lid serving as a lid to a container-like package main body that accommodates an optical element to ensure airtightness.
- a lid that can transmit light visible light, infrared light, ultraviolet light, etc.
- a package of such a light transmissive optical element for example, in Patent Document 1, there is a package in which a metal cap (lid) having a glass window is joined to a package body.
- a part of the lid is made into a glass window for light transmission, and a joint part with the package body is made into a metal frame.
- part of a lid and a package main body is a metal, The said site
- Patent Document 2 describes a light-emitting element package manufactured by using a light-transmitting glass flat plate as a lid and bonding it to a package body containing a semiconductor chip (light-emitting element) with an adhesive.
- the entire lid is made of translucent glass, and an adhesive is applied to join the lid and the package main body in consideration of different materials.
- the package using the lid with a glass window of Patent Document 1 has a surface inferior in light utilization efficiency from the element because there is a portion of a metal frame that does not transmit light.
- the lid of patent document 1 uses the member which consists of an individual different material called a glass window and a metal frame, a number of parts increases and a structure is also complicated. For this reason, it is disadvantageous in terms of manufacturing efficiency and cost, and it is difficult to cope with downsizing of the package.
- the entire lid as in Patent Document 2 is made of a light-transmitting material such as glass.
- an adhesive is used for bonding and sealing the lid. Resin materials and organic materials such as adhesives are likely to deteriorate over time, particularly due to ultraviolet rays, and the long-term reliability of the package may be impaired.
- the present invention has been made based on the background as described above, and provides a lid that serves as a lid for sealing a package containing an optical element, which has not been put into practical use so far. To do. Specifically, unlike a member that combines a glass window and a metal frame, the utilization efficiency of the optical element can be ensured. Further, it is possible to provide a sealing lid capable of effective hermetic sealing at the time of bonding to the package body and capable of forming a stable bonded portion for a long time without deterioration.
- the lid of the present invention is required to be able to be joined without excessively affecting the translucent material constituting the lid. This is because translucent materials such as glass are brittle materials with poor toughness and may be damaged by thermal stress or the like.
- the inventors of the present invention have made extensive investigations and configured the lid body with a light-transmitting material such as glass, and applied a brazing material made of a eutectic alloy as a bonding material for sealing and bonding with the package body, The brazing material was appropriately arranged and fused.
- the sealing lid configured as described above has arrived at the present invention as being capable of solving the above-described problems.
- the present invention can transmit at least one of visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared light in a sealing lid for manufacturing a hermetically sealed package bonded to a package body that accommodates an optical element.
- a lid body made of a light-transmitting material, and the lid body includes a frame-shaped joining area corresponding to the outer peripheral shape of the lid body on a surface to be joined to the package body, and the lid body is formed on the joining area of the lid body.
- a sealing lid wherein a brazing material made of a plurality of eutectic alloys is fused.
- the lid body is made of a single material as a translucent material in order to maximize the light use efficiency of the optical elements in the package.
- the eutectic alloy brazing material is applied as a bonding material for bonding to the package.
- the eutectic alloy can have a relatively low melting point by setting the alloy composition in the vicinity of the eutectic composition. Because.
- the brazing material made of a eutectic alloy can control the material structure and shape after fusion by appropriately setting the method and conditions for fixing (fusing) to the lid body.
- the control of the material structure and shape is an important element in the present invention and will be described in detail later.
- the lid of the present invention is composed of a lid body made of a translucent material and a brazing material that becomes a bonding material at the time of sealing.
- the entire surface of the lid is made of a translucent material so that the light emitting / receiving functions of the optical element can be utilized to the maximum.
- This translucent material is a material that can transmit at least one of visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared light. There is no particular limitation on the wavelength of light that can be transmitted. Further, the degree of light transmission (transmittance) is not particularly limited. As a specific range of the translucent material, any of glass, quartz, sapphire, silicon, and germanium is preferable. Regarding glass, a material generally referred to as glass and having translucency is shown, and examples thereof include quartz glass (including synthetic glass), borosilicate glass, and the like.
- the shape and dimensions of the lid body are determined by the usage and specifications of the package to which the optical element is applied.
- Examples of the shape of the lid include a rectangular (square, rectangular) or circular plate shape as a planar shape.
- the cross-sectional shape of the lid body is not particularly limited.
- the plate may be flat on both sides, but unevenness may be provided on both sides or one side.
- the dome-type or lens-type lid body provided with irregularities may be used for the purpose of increasing the internal volume or for the purpose of collecting light or diverging light.
- the lid body includes a frame-shaped bonding region corresponding to the outer peripheral shape of the lid body on the bonding surface with the package body.
- the joining region is a part where a part or all of the joining region is brought into contact with and joined to the package body via the brazing material during hermetic sealing.
- the joining region is a frame-like region corresponding to the outer peripheral shape of the lid body. If the outer peripheral shape of the lid body is rectangular as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, a rectangular frame is formed. If the outer peripheral shape is circular as shown in FIG. 1C, a circular frame (ring) is formed. However, the shape of the joining region does not have to completely match the outer peripheral shape of the lid body. As shown in FIG.
- the corners of the joint region may be chamfered.
- the frame-shaped region corresponding to the outer peripheral shape only needs to have at least one of the outer frame and the inner frame along the outer peripheral shape of the lid body.
- the outer frame is a rectangle along the outer peripheral shape of the lid body, while the inner frame can be a circular joining region.
- the width of the bonding region is not particularly limited.
- the width of the joining region is arbitrarily set in consideration of the dimensions of the package body to be joined, for example, the width of the opening end face of the container-like package body. Generally, the width is set to 1/20 or more and 1/8 or less with respect to the long side and diameter dimensions of the lid body.
- the width of the bonding region need not be uniform as long as it is within the above range.
- the eutectic alloy is an alloy composed of two or more elements and can exhibit a eutectic reaction.
- the eutectic reaction is a reaction in which a solid component (solid phase) derived from a constituent element of an alloy is simultaneously crystallized from a molten state (liquid phase).
- solid phase solid phase
- liquid phase liquid phase
- An example of a brazing material applied as a brazing material made of a eutectic alloy in the present invention is an Au-based eutectic brazing material.
- a preferable Au-based eutectic brazing material is a brazing material made of a eutectic alloy containing 50% or more of Au. Examples of such Au-based eutectic brazing materials include Au—Sn brazing material, Au—Ge brazing material, Au—Ga—In brazing material, Au—Sb brazing material, Au—Si brazing material, Au—Ga brazing material. And Au-In brazing material.
- these brazing materials In addition to a relatively low melting point, these brazing materials have excellent bonding strength and chemical stability, and can maintain the hermeticity of the package for a long period of time. And unlike these adhesives, these brazing materials are excellent in durability without deterioration due to ultraviolet rays.
- a particularly preferable brazing material is Au—Sn brazing material.
- the eutectic alloy serving as the brazing material an alloy in which all the concentrations of the constituent elements are within a range of ⁇ 2% with respect to the composition (mass%) serving as the eutectic composition is preferable. This is because the melting point of the brazing material is suppressed and the precipitation of a coarse solid phase is suppressed by developing a fine eutectic structure.
- the Sn concentration in the Au—Sn brazing material is 19% by mass or more.
- Au—Ge brazing material has a Ge concentration of 10 mass% to 14 mass% (remainder Au)
- Au—Ga—In brazing material has a Ga concentration of 8 mass% to 12 mass%. It is preferable to apply a material having the In concentration of 6 mass% or more and 10 mass% or less (remainder Au).
- the brazing material made of a eutectic alloy is fixed within the range of the joining region of the lid body by fusion.
- the brazing material fused on the joining region is melted again when the package is sealed, and spreads in the joining region by contact with the opening edge of the package body.
- the opening edge end surface of a package main body and a lid main body are joined, and the inside of a package is airtightly sealed.
- the fusion is an aspect in which the molten brazing material is brought into contact with the lid body and then solidified, and the brazing material and the lid body are joined and fixed in a state of surface contact.
- a solid brazing material may be placed on the lid body and heated to be melted.
- a molten brazing material may be supplied to the lid body. A preferred process for fusing the brazing material will be described later.
- a plurality of pieces of brazing material made of a eutectic alloy are fused on the joining region. This is because the residual stress at the interface between the brazing material and the lid body is divided to prevent cracking of the lid body when the brazing material is fused and when the package is sealed. Since there is a difference in thermal expansion / contraction behavior between the brazing material and the light transmitting material such as glass, residual stress is generated at the joint interface when the brazing material is fused. The residual stress increases as the joining area of the brazing material increases. If the residual stress is excessive, there is a risk that breakage such as cracks may occur in the lid body at the stage of fusion of the brazing material.
- the residual stress is divided and reduced by making the brazing filler material into a plurality of pieces.
- the reduction of the residual stress is to suppress breakage of the lid body at the time of fusion in cooperation with the reduction of the thermal stress by the application of the brazing material made of the eutectic alloy.
- the present invention as a mode of arranging a plurality of pieces of brazing material, it is preferable to continuously fuse a small block of brazing material on the joining region to form a frame shape in appearance (overview). More specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, there is an arrangement in which spherical and dotted brazing materials are aligned and arranged along the shape of the joining region.
- the upper row of FIG. 2 shows a row of brazing materials arranged in a frame shape.
- the brazing materials are arranged in a frame shape in a plurality of rows. May be.
- the continuous arrangement is not limited to the case where the brazing materials are brought into contact with each other and fused.
- brazing filler metals when a plurality of brazing filler metals are fused as described above, the number of brazing filler metals and the size (volume) of each brazing filler metal are not particularly limited. It is only necessary that the amount of brazing material that can cover the joint area of the lid main body over the entire circumference by wetting and spreading at the time of sealing is dispersed and fused. Regarding the brazing material, the cross-sectional structure and shape affect the quality of the lid body and the sealing quality rather than the size and number of the brazing material.
- the eutectic alloy brazing material is applied in the present invention because the eutectic alloy can develop a fine eutectic structure.
- the material structure of the brazing material a fine eutectic structure and eliminating a coarse solid phase, stable sealing becomes possible.
- the coarse solid phase can cause damage to the lid body made of a light-transmitting material when the brazing material is remelted and solidified at the time of sealing.
- the coarse solid phase may have a high melting point and may remain undissolved during brazing during sealing. In that case, the thickness of the joint formed after sealing becomes non-uniform, which may affect the airtightness.
- the melting point of the brazing material is locally increased, and excessive thermal stress may be generated at the site, or the stress distribution may be uneven at the bonding interface.
- translucent materials such as glass with low toughness, the effect of thermal stress is large, so there is a risk of cracking or cracking during sealing. Therefore, in the present invention, it is preferable that the material structure of the brazing material fused to the lid body is a fine structure.
- a single phase having a circle equivalent diameter of 5 ⁇ m or less in which the material structure of an arbitrary cross section of at least one brazing material is arbitrarily included in the bonding region, among the plurality of brazing materials fused to the joining region.
- the eutectic structure is synonymous with a general eutectic structure, and is a form of a material structure in which a plurality of fine solid phases are intricately and complexly mixed.
- a eutectic structure having a periodic and fine structure is inevitably expressed.
- a single phase generated and grown separately from such a eutectic structure is expressed. Contains.
- a single phase is a solid phase that is coarsened and / or deformed when compared to a solid phase that constitutes a eutectic structure.
- the single phase is distinguished from the solid phase constituting the eutectic structure in appearance.
- the single phase is not necessarily different in composition from the solid phase constituting the eutectic structure, and may be the same or similar.
- a particularly preferable material structure of the brazing filler metal in the present invention is a material structure composed only of a eutectic structure substantially free of a single phase. When a plurality of single phases are observed, it is necessary that the average equivalent circle diameter is 5 ⁇ m. In all the brazing materials fused to the lid body, it is preferable that the equivalent-circle diameter of the single phase is 5 ⁇ m.
- an Au—Sn brazing material near the eutectic composition will be described as an example.
- two solid phases of ⁇ phase Au-37.6 mass% Sn
- ⁇ ′ phase Au-10.8 mass% Sn
- the eutectic structure is composed of a fine ⁇ phase and a fine ⁇ ′ phase, and indicates a material structure in which they are periodically complicated.
- the single phase generated in the Au—Sn brazing material having this composition is the ⁇ phase or the ⁇ ′ phase, and the composition is the same as each solid phase constituting the eutectic structure.
- the ⁇ phase and the ⁇ ′ phase may be separated separately as a single phase.
- This single phase is different from the ⁇ phase and ⁇ ′ phase constituting the eutectic structure in shape and size.
- the single phase has an appearance different from a eutectic structure such as a block shape or an island shape, and its size is also coarse.
- the single phase may become coarse depending on the conditions for fusion bonding of the brazing material and may exceed the equivalent circle diameter of 5 ⁇ m.
- the precipitated solid phase is the ⁇ phase and the ⁇ ′ phase, and therefore, the eutectic structure composed of the ⁇ phase and the ⁇ ′ phase, and optionally equivalent to a circle
- a material structure including a ⁇ phase or a ⁇ ′ phase having a diameter of 5 ⁇ m or less is preferable.
- the present invention in which a plurality of brazing materials are fused to the joint region on the lid body, it is preferable to show the above-described material structure in an arbitrary cross section of a brazing material selected at random. Preferably, it is preferable to show the material structure in an arbitrary plurality of cross sections of all brazing materials.
- the size and shape of the brazing material fused to the joint region of the lid body are not particularly limited.
- the lid body is further damaged by cracks and cracks at the stage of fusing the brazing material to the lid body and the stage of remelting and solidifying the brazing material for sealing.
- the brazing material has a suitable shape.
- the brazing material fused to the lid body preferably has a shape index (I s ) defined by the following formula in a range of 0.9 to 2.5.
- the above shape index (I s ) is determined based on the relationship between the volume of brazing material (V) and the bonding area (A) between the lid body and the brazing material. This suggests that it is required to be fused. That is, when the joining area is excessive in relation to the volume of the brazing material, the thermal stress when the molten brazing material solidifies becomes relatively large. For translucent materials with low toughness, the effect of thermal stress is significant, and in addition, there are differences in expansion and contraction coefficients with the brazing material and the metal and ceramics that make up the package body. Damage is likely to occur.
- the parameterization of the brazing material by the shape index (I s ) is for preventing cracking of the lid when the brazing material is fused and when the lid body and the package body are joined. Then, according to the present inventors, if the I s exceeds 2.5, damages such as cracks may occur on the lid. On the other hand, when the I s is less than 0.9, indicating that this is the case too little bonding area of the brazing material. In this case, the lid main body is hardly damaged, but the adhesion of the brazing material to the lid main body is poor. For this reason, the brazing material may fall off during handling, and the brazing material may be misaligned or poorly joined when it is joined to the package body.
- the preferred range of the shape index (I s ) is set to 0.9 or more and 2.5 or less for the reasons described above.
- the shape index (I s ) is preferably in the above range for at least one brazing material on the lid body, but the average value of the shape index (I s ) of the brazing material on the lid is in the above range. More preferably, it is more preferable that all brazing materials are provided.
- the shape of the brazing material is preferably such that the projected shape in the vertical direction is substantially circular.
- Specific examples of the preferable shape of the brazing material include a spherical shape and a hemispherical shape, and a shape in which two or more spheres are overlapped.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between the shape / dimension of the brazing filler metal and the shape index (I s ). This illustration shows a cross-sectional view at the central portion of a plurality of brazing materials having the same volume, and explains the relationship between the change in the bonding area with the lid body and the shape index (I s ).
- FIG. 4 is an example of the shape of the brazing material after fusion. As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, the shape of the brazing material may be a spherical shape or a hemispherical shape, or a shape in which two spheres overlap.
- the preferred conditions related to the material structure described above eutectic structure and fine single phase
- the preferred conditions related to shape and dimensions shape index (I s )
- shape index shape index
- the sealing lid according to the present invention will be composed of a lid main body made of a light-transmitting material such as glass and a eutectic alloy fused to the lid main body.
- a lid main body made of a light-transmitting material such as glass and a eutectic alloy fused to the lid main body.
- the additional component include a metallized film and a functional film formed on one or both surfaces of the lid body.
- a metallized film of at least one layer made of metal is provided on at least a part of the surface of the lid body to which the brazing material is fused, and the brazing material is fused on the metallized film.
- the metallized film is mainly applied to improve the adhesion of the brazing material to the lid body. Since the brazing material is a metal (eutectic alloy) and is a different material from a light-transmitting material such as glass, it may not be fixed because of poor adhesion to the lid body depending on the composition. Therefore, by applying a metallized film made of a metal, it is possible to secure the adhesiveness of the brazing material and prevent dropping from the lid body.
- the metallized film can have a single layer structure or a multilayer structure. As the specific structure of the metallized film, several types of metal layers are assumed depending on the function.
- first metal layer formed on the brazing material fusion surface As a function of the metallized film, an improvement in adhesion of the brazing material to the lid body can be mentioned.
- a metallized film for that purpose it is preferable to form a first metal layer made of at least one of Au and Pt on the surface where the brazing material is fused. This is because Au or Pt has good adhesion to the brazing materials of the various specific examples described above.
- the first metal film can also be a single layer or a multilayer, and may be composed of only Au or Pt, or may be laminated (Au / Pt, Pt / Au). If the first metal film is too thin, the base may be exposed and adhesion may be reduced.
- the thickness of the first metal film is preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more and 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the first metal film formed on the above-described brazing material fusion surface composed of Au and Pt has poor adhesion to the translucent material constituting the lid body. Therefore, Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, as a metallized film that improves the adhesion between the first metal film to which the brazing material is fused and the lid body. It is preferable to form a second metal film made of at least one of Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Ta, W, Re, Os, and Ir. .
- the brazing material can be suitably fixed to the lid body.
- Cr and Ti are highly active metals, it is possible to form a metallized film having high adhesion to the lid body surface.
- Ni is excellent in protective performance and can form a metallized film that suppresses oxidation and alteration of the underlying layer. Therefore, it is preferable to form a metallized film having a second metal layer made of at least one of Cr, Ti, and Ni.
- the second metal layer As a specific and preferable configuration of the second metal layer, a metal layer made of either Cr or Ti having high activity is formed as an adhesion layer, and a metal layer made of Ni is formed thereon as a protective layer. (Cr / Ni, Ti / Ni). Although Cr or Ti has high adhesion, there is a concern about oxidation and alteration due to outside air due to its high activity. By forming a protective layer of Ni on the adhesion layer, oxidation or the like of the adhesion layer serving as a base is prevented.
- the second metal layer is particularly preferably a metal layer composed of such an adhesion layer and a protective layer.
- the thickness of the adhesion layer is preferably 0.04 ⁇ m or more and 0.1 ⁇ m or less
- the thickness of the protective layer is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less.
- both the first metal layer (Au, Pt) serving as the brazing material fusion surface and the second metal layer (Cr, Ti, Ni) on the lid body surface side were formed. Those are preferred. However, Pt is also effective as a constituent metal of the protective layer in the second metal layer. Therefore, a metallized film (Cr / Pt, Ti / Pt) in which an adhesion layer made of Cr or Ti is formed and a protective layer made of Pt is formed can also be applied. In this case, since Pt which is a protective layer can also act as the first metal layer, a brazing material may be fused to the surface of the protective layer made of Pt. Further, Au metal may be formed.
- the first and second metal films to be the metallized films described above can be formed singly or in combination with known thin film forming techniques such as sputtering, plating, and vapor deposition. Further, the metallized film may be formed over a wide range with respect to the lid body, but may be limited to a portion necessary for increasing the amount of light transmission. For example, the metallized film may have a frame shape corresponding to the outer shape of the lid body, and this may be used as a bonding region of the lid body.
- the brazing material is fused to the lid body in contact with the metallized film.
- the metal element constituting the metallized film diffuses into the brazing material at the interface between the brazing material and the metallized film.
- the width of the diffusion region that can be formed in the brazing material by diffusion is preferably 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the width of this diffusion region is the presence or absence of a metal that is a constituent metal of the metallized film and is not a constituent metal of the brazing material in the vicinity of the fusion interface (Pt, Ni, etc. are often targeted). It can be measured by an appropriate analysis means.
- the width of the diffusion region is more preferably 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit of the width of the diffusion region is preferably as low as possible, but is preferably 0.001 ⁇ m.
- a functional film for adjusting transmittance, etc.
- a functional film is formed on the lid body of the present invention for the purpose of increasing the transmittance or reflectance of a specific wavelength on one or both of the front surface and the back surface. can do.
- a specific material of this functional film is MgF 2 .
- the film thickness is desirably 60 to 100 nm.
- the lid of the present invention can be manufactured by fusing a brazing material made of one or a plurality of pieces of eutectic alloy to a lid body of a light transmitting material.
- the material structure, shape, and dimensions of the brazing filler metal after fusion are suitable in order to obtain a sealing lid having suitable bondability while taking advantage of the eutectic alloy. ing.
- the following description will focus on a method for fusing the brazing material to the lid body while making the material structure, shape and dimensions of the brazing material suitable.
- a translucent material is prepared by molding it into a desired shape and dimensions in advance.
- the lid is a minute member, a large plate material that can form a plurality of lids may be used.
- a lid can be cut out separately and it can be set as a product.
- a metal film to be a metallized film is formed in advance before the brazing material is fused.
- the brazing material can be fused by melting and solidifying the solid brazing material on the lid body.
- shape index (I s ) shape index
- a fusion method for making the shape index suitable for the solid brazing material there is a method in which a plurality of pre-manufactured small-sized and granular brazing materials are placed on the lid body and heated.
- the brazing filler metal on the spherical or hemisphere can be fused by positioning and fixing the individual brazing filler metal with a jig or the like and heating the brazing filler metal in this state.
- the size of the brazing material at this time is preferably 0.05 mm or more and 0.25 mm or less.
- a more preferable method of fusing the brazing material is a method in which a molten brazing material is adhered to the lid body and solidified.
- the material structure of the brazing material is preferably a material structure mainly composed of a fine eutectic structure and having no coarse single phase.
- the molten brazing material is attached to the lid body and the atmosphere and cooling by the lid body are used.
- Adhering the molten brazing material to the lid body is also suitable for adjusting the size and shape of the brazing material. If it is a molten state, the volume of the brazing material to be fused can be suitably adjusted by adjusting the amount of the liquid. Moreover, the shape and joining area at the time of colliding with a lid main body can be changed with the kinetic energy at the time of making the molten brazing material adhere. Thereby, the shape index (I s ) of the brazing material can be adjusted.
- the shape index and the bonding area of the brazing material at the time of fusion can be adjusted by controlling the volume and speed of the droplet-shaped molten brazing material supplied to the lid body.
- the brazing material can be fused even if the lid body is left at room temperature. This is because the volume of the brazing material formed into droplets is extremely small with respect to the volume of the lid body, so that the brazing material is instantaneously cooled and solidified when it comes into contact with the lid body.
- the lid body may be cooled at the time of fusion, but if the brazing material is fused at an excessively low temperature, the lid body may be damaged by a thermal shock due to a temperature difference from the brazing material.
- the temperature of the lid body when fusing the brazing material into droplets is 100 ° C. or lower than the melting point of the brazing material. This is to obtain a cooling rate necessary for refining the material structure (eutectic structure) of the fused brazing filler metal.
- the method of fusing the brazing material to the lid body is not limited to the above method.
- the brazing material can be fused by attaching a brazing material ball to the tip of a capillary capable of discharging gas, melting the brazing material with a laser, and spraying it on the lid body with the gas.
- the brazing material can be fused by melting a rod-shaped or wire-shaped brazing material with a laser from the tip and simultaneously spraying it on the lid body with gas.
- a brazing material having a good shape and size can be fused.
- the brazing material can be fused even when the lid body is at room temperature.
- the brazing material By attaching the molten brazing material to the lid main body as described above, the brazing material is rapidly solidified and fused. In this method, since a plurality of brazing materials are usually fused to the joining region of the lid body, the discharge and supply of the molten brazing material are continuously fused. Thereby, it can be set as the lid for sealing concerning the present invention.
- the sealing lid according to the present invention is useful as a lid for a package using an optical element.
- the entire surface of the lid is made of a light-transmitting material such as glass, so that the light use efficiency of the optical element in the package is improved.
- a eutectic alloy brazing material is applied as a bonding material for hermetic sealing.
- This brazing material is effective for strong hermetic sealing, has excellent durability, and does not deteriorate due to ultraviolet rays or the like. Then, by appropriately controlling the material structure and / or shape / dimension of the brazing material, it is fused without damaging the lid main body and functions effectively even during the sealing operation.
- fused by the brazing material discharge apparatus (process a).
- a lid body is made of quartz glass, which is a translucent material, and Au—Sn brazing material, which is a eutectic alloy brazing material, is fused to the lid body by various methods for sealing.
- a lid was manufactured. And the joining test with the package main body was done about the manufactured lid, the presence or absence of damage of a lid main body was evaluated, and also the sealing test was done and the airtightness was confirmed.
- the lid body used in the present embodiment is a flat plate (3.4 mm ⁇ 3.4 mm thickness 0.3 mm) made of quartz glass or borosilicate glass.
- a metallized film was formed in a frame-like region (outside dimensions: 3.2 mm ⁇ 3.2 mm, inner dimensions: 2.5 mm ⁇ 2.5 mm) on the surface of the glass lid main body.
- a thin film of each metal was formed in the order of Cr (60 nm) / Ni (200 nm) / Au (100 nm) from the surface of the lid main body.
- a metallized film formed in the order of Ti (60 nm) / Pt (200 nm) / Au (100 nm) was also applied.
- the brazing material was fused to the glass lid body prepared as described above.
- As the brazing material an Au-22 mass% Sn brazing material was applied.
- the lid was manufactured by fusing the brazing material to the lid body in three different modes of the following processes a to c.
- FIG. 5 shows the detailed structure of the brazing material discharging apparatus 101.
- Discharge device 101 contains brazing material 201 and is temperature-controlled tank 110, chamber 111 communicating with tank 110, diaphragm 112 for discharging brazing material 201 in chamber 111, and An aperture 113 and a piezoelectric element actuator 114 for driving the diaphragm 112 are provided.
- the brazing material 201 in the chamber 111 is ejected from the nozzle by a predetermined amount by controlling and driving the piezoelectric element actuator 114 with a PC.
- the size of the aperture 113, the driving amount of the piezoelectric element actuator 114, and the changing speed the volume and flying speed of the discharged brazing material 202 can be adjusted. Then, by setting the lid body on the stage movable in the XYZ directions and driving the stage, the brazing material can be continuously fused in a frame shape on the lid body.
- the brazing material is continuously fused in a line along the center position of the frame-shaped metallized film to form a frame.
- the size of the molten metal droplet to be discharged is set to ⁇ 0.1 mm or ⁇ 0.125 mm in terms of the sphere diameter, and the flying speed of the brazing material is set to 1.6 m / second or more. did.
- the number of brazing materials to be fused was calculated so that the thickness of the brazing material layer when bonded to the package body was 10 to 25 ⁇ m, and the brazing material layers were arranged on the lid body at substantially equal intervals.
- the temperature of the stage on which the lid main body was set was room temperature.
- FIG. 7 is an example of the appearance of a lid manufactured by fusing a brazing material in this process a.
- a small block (ball-shaped) solid brazing material manufactured in advance was fused to the lid body.
- a ball-shaped brazing material having a diameter of 0.1 mm was prepared, and the brazing material was placed on the frame-shaped metallized film of the lid body at substantially equal intervals.
- a carbon jig having a hole with a diameter of 0.15 mm drilled in a frame shape was stacked on the lid body, and ball-shaped brazing materials were sequentially inserted into the holes of the jig. Then, the brazing material was fused by heating at 320 ° C.
- FIG. 8 is an example of the appearance of a lid manufactured by fusing a brazing material in process b.
- a lid was manufactured by fusing a piece of brazing material previously processed into a frame shape to the lid body.
- This process is a comparative example for the processes a and b.
- Au-22 mass% Sn brazing material was punched into a rectangular frame shape (outer dimensions: 3.15 mm ⁇ 3.15 mm, inner dimensions: 2.5 mm ⁇ 2.5 mm, thicknesses: 15 ⁇ m, 25 ⁇ m). Then, this preformed brazing material was placed on the lid body, and reflowed and fused at 305 ° C. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.
- a sealing lid was manufactured by fusing a brazing material of various shapes and dimensions to a glass lid body. Ten sealing lids were produced for each. About the lid for sealing after this fusion process, the presence or absence of damage such as cracks or cracks in the lid body is confirmed visually and with an optical microscope, and the number of non-defective products out of 10 is measured and evaluated by the ratio (good product rate). did.
- the material structure of an arbitrary cross section of the brazing material was observed.
- a brazing material is selected at random, and the lid body is cut and embedded in the vicinity of the selected brazing material, and the cross section of the brazing material is polished appropriately. Exposed and observed.
- the lid manufactured in the process c the lid was cut at an arbitrary position, embedded with resin, and appropriately polished, and the material structure of the cross section of the brazing material was observed.
- the cross section of the entire brazing material was observed to confirm the presence or absence of the eutectic structure and the single phase, and then the main part was magnified to measure the size of the single phase.
- a eutectic structure was observed in all of the brazing materials fused in processes a to c.
- processes b and c a solid phase that was clearly coarser than the solid phase constituting the eutectic structure was observed.
- the equivalent-circle diameter of the single phase was calculated based on an image from 1500 times to 2500 times acquired by SEM (acceleration voltage 15 kV). When multiple single phases were observed, the average value was calculated.
- the width of the diffusion region of the metallized film component into the brazing material was also measured.
- the sample used for cross-sectional observation was subjected to elemental analysis while observing the interface between the brazing material and the metallized film by EPMA (electron beam microprobe analysis).
- EPMA analysis conditions were an acceleration voltage of 20 kV and a measurement magnification of 5000 times.
- line analysis was performed from the inside of the metallized film toward the inside of the brazing material. Then, while the count number of the metal components (Ni, Pt) in the metallized film is set to 100%, the count number of the component that decreases toward the brazing filler metal side is traced, and the count number of the component becomes 10% or less.
- the point was the end of the diffusion region. The distance from the interface to the end of the diffusion region was taken as the width.
- the shape index (I S ) of the fused brazing material was measured for each manufactured lid.
- the brazing material was peeled off from the manufactured lid, and the volume based on the mass of the brazing material collected and the density and number of the brazing materials was measured.
- the average value was defined as the volume (V) of one piece of brazing material.
- the bonding area (A) of the brazing material was obtained by observing the lid main body after peeling the brazing material with a microscope, measuring the area of the bonding surface, and calculating an average value.
- the volume (V) was obtained from the dimensions of the brazing material before fusion.
- the outline of the brazing material after fusion was measured, and the joining area (A) was calculated.
- Table 1 shows the results of observation / measurement of the material structure and shape / dimensions of the brazing filler metal by the manufacturing process and the presence / absence of damage to the lid main body for various sealing lids manufactured in the present embodiment.
- the number of damages of the lid body was very small for the lid in which the spherical brazing material was continuously fused by the discharge device of process a (No. A1 to A9).
- the shape index of the brazing filler metal after fusion was 0.9 to 2.1, and all the produced lids were good products (non-defective product rate at fusion 10/10).
- the shape index of the brazing filler metal after the fusion was 0.7, 2.6, and a part of the lid main body after the fusion was damaged.
- FIG. 9 is an example of a cross-sectional structure of the brazing material (No. A4) after the molten brazing material is fused by the process a.
- the brazing material fused to the lid main body of this embodiment was almost entirely composed of a fine eutectic structure.
- the brazing material fused by this process a is expected to be much less likely to contain a coarse single phase.
- the single-phase was specified based on the above-mentioned measurement criteria, and the equivalent circle diameter was always 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the shape of the brazing material is similar to that of the process a, but there is a difference in the material structure.
- 10 shows the material structure of the brazing material (No. B2) fused in process b.
- this single phase is estimated to be a ⁇ phase or a ⁇ ′ phase. From the measurement results of the particle size of the single phase shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the brazing material of the lid manufactured in the process b tends to generate a single phase in addition to the eutectic structure.
- the process b is a method capable of controlling the shape of the brazing material. No. With the lids of B1, B2, and B3, the shape index of the brazing material could be 1.5 to 2.5. Since the lid body is not damaged, it can be used for sealing the package. In this process b, since it is possible to fuse a plurality of brazing materials having a small ball volume, damage to the lid body at the time of fusion can be reduced.
- the brazing material (No. C1, C2) preformed in the frame shape of process c tends to cause cracks in the glass lid body at the time of fusion.
- These brazing materials had a large shape index (I S ) of 4.6 to 5.8.
- the reason why the shape index (I S ) is large is that the frame-shaped preform brazing material has an excessive joining area. Since there is a difference in the behavior of thermal expansion / contraction between the brazing material and the glass, the residual stress when the brazing material solidifies increases as the joining area increases. It is considered that the brazing material having a large joining area such as the frame-shaped brazing material is relatively easily cracked by this residual stress.
- FIG. It is a cross-sectional structure of a brazing material after fusing a C2 preform brazing material (brazing material thickness: 25 ⁇ m).
- this brazing filler metal the area occupied by the eutectic structure was small, and a material structure exhibiting a number of coarse single phases having an equivalent circle diameter exceeding 5 ⁇ m in particle diameter was observed.
- the lid body is heated together with the brazing material by reflow.
- a sealing test using the package body was performed on the lid body manufactured in processes a and b, in which the lid body was not significantly damaged after the brazing material was fused.
- a ceramic package body (opening dimension (inner dimensions): 2.4 mm ⁇ 2.4 mm, opening edge end face thickness 0.8 mm) is prepared, and various sealing lids are prepared here.
- the package was heated to 305 ° C. under a load condition of 0.4 MPa to remelt the brazing material. At this time, the set temperature holding time was 30 seconds, and the heating was stopped and cooled immediately after the passage of time.
- the number (10) of the lid main bodies at the stage of fusion bonding of the brazing material performed as described above was used as a parameter. That is, those in which the lid main body was damaged at the time of fusion of the brazing material were determined as defective products without performing a sealing test. And about the thing which became a non-defective item at the time of soldering
- airtightness is evaluated for a package in which no cracks were found in the lid after sealing, and the occurrence rate of non-defective products from the lid manufacturing stage (stage of brazing filler metal) to the package manufacturing stage (sealing stage). Evaluated. The airtightness was evaluated by immersing the package in a florinate solution kept at 120 ° C. and visually confirming whether or not bubbles were generated from inside the package. Also in this airtightness evaluation, the number of lid bodies in the brazing material fusion stage is a parameter. The results of the above sealing test are shown in Table 2.
- the process a is clearly superior to the process b in terms of the airtight non-defective rate. This result is also thought to be due to the formation of a coarse single phase in process b.
- the high melting point region generated by the coarse single phase is considered to be the cause of the leak path generation. Therefore, in order to produce a lid that is maximally effective both in the lid manufacturing stage (fusing of the brazing material) and in the package manufacturing stage (remelting and solidification of the brazing material for sealing), It can be said that it is preferable to optimize the material structure together with the optimization of the composition and shape.
- the sealing lid according to the present invention is made of a light-transmitting material such as glass, and by applying a brazing material made of a eutectic alloy as a bonding material for sealing. , Demonstrate the advantages of each.
- a brazing material made of a eutectic alloy as a bonding material for sealing.
- an effective light utilization efficiency is imparted to a package having an optical element, and high durability is also imparted.
- the present invention is suitable as a sealing material for various devices using light emitting elements such as LEDs and optical elements such as light receiving elements.
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Abstract
Description
A-1.リッド本体の構成材料・形状等
上記のとおり、本発明は、リッド全面を透光性材料とすることによって光学素子の発光・受光の機能を最大限に利用できるようにしている。この透光性材料とは、可視光、紫外光、赤外光の少なくともいずれかを透過できる材料である。透過可能な光の波長については特に限定されることはない。また、光の透過の程度(透過率)についても特に限定されない。この透光性材料の具体的な範囲として、ガラス、水晶、サファイア、シリコン、ゲルマニウムのいずれかが好ましい。また、ガラスに関しては、一般にガラスと称され透光性を有する材料を示すが、石英ガラス(合成ガラスを含む)、ホウケイ酸ガラス等が挙げられる。
リッド本体は、パッケージ本体との接合面に、リッド本体の外周形状に対応した枠状の接合領域を含む。接合領域とは、気密封止の際に、その一部又は全部がろう材を介してパッケージ本体に接触し接合される部位である。接合領域は、リッド本体の外周形状に対応する枠状の領域である。図1(a)(b)のようにリッド本体の外周形状が矩形であれば矩形の枠となり、図1(c)のように外周形状が円形であれば円形の枠(リング)となる。但し、接合領域の形状は、リッド本体の外周形状と完全一致する必要はない。図1(b)のように、接合領域の四隅について面取りされた形状としても良い。更に、外周形状に対応する枠状の領域とは、外枠又は内枠の少なくともいずれかがリッド本体の外周形状に沿っていれば良い。図1(d)のように、外枠がリッド本体の外周形状に沿った矩形である一方、内枠を円形とした接合領域とすることができる。接合領域の幅は、特に限定されることはない。接合領域の幅は、接合するパッケージ本体の寸法、例えば、容器状のパッケージ本体の開口部端面の幅等を考慮して任意に設定される。一般的には、リッド本体の長辺、直径の寸法に対して、1/20以上1/8以下の幅で設定される。接合領域の幅は、前記の範囲内であれば一様であることを要しない。
B-1.ろう材の構成元素及び組成
共晶合金とは、2種以上の元素からなる合金であって、共晶反応を発現することができる合金である。共晶反応とは、溶融状態(液相)から、合金の構成元素に由来した固体成分(固相)を同時に晶出させる反応である。上記したように、共晶合金は、共晶組成(共晶点)において比較的低い融点を示すことから、ろう材をリッド本体に融着する段階とリッドをパッケージ本体に接合する段階の双方において、リッド本体に与える熱影響・熱応力を比較的低減することができる。
本発明では、リッド本体の接合領域の範囲内に共晶合金からなるろう材が融着によって固定される。接合領域上に融着されたろう材は、パッケージの封止の際に再度溶融し、パッケージ本体の開口縁端部との接触により接合領域内で濡れ広がるようになっている。そして、パッケージ本体の開口縁端面とリッド本体とを接合し、パッケージ内部を気密封止する。融着とは、溶融させたろう材をリッド本体に接触させた後に凝固し、ろう材とリッド本体とを面接触した状態で接合し固定する態様である。リッド本体にろう材を融着するとき、固体のろう材をリッド本体に載置し、加熱して溶融させても良いが、溶融状態のろう材をリッド本体に供給しても良い。ろう材の融着についての好ましい工程については、後述する。
上記したとおり、本発明で共晶合金のろう材が適用されるのは、共晶合金は微細な共晶組織を発現させることができるからである。ろう材の材料組織を微細共晶組織にして粗大な固相を排除することで、安定した封止が可能となる。
上述のとおり、リッド本体の接合領域に融着されるろう材の寸法・形状は、特に限定されない。但し、本発明者等の検討によれば、ろう材をリッド本体に融着する段階及び封止のためにろう材を再溶融・凝固する段階において、リッド本体にクラックや割れ等の損傷をより高いレベルで抑制する条件として、ろう材に好適な形状があることが確認されている。
本発明に係る封止用のリッドは、ガラス等の透光性材料からなるリッド本体と、リッド本体に融着された共晶合金からなるろう材とからなることを必須の構成とするが、付加的な構成としてリッド本体の一方又は双方の表面に形成されるメタライズ膜、機能膜等が挙げられる。
本発明ではリッド本体のろう材が融着される面の表面の少なくとも一部に、金属からなる少なくとも1層のメタライズ膜を備え、このメタライズ膜の上にろう材が融着されたものが好ましい。メタライズ膜は、主に、リッド本体に対するろう材の密着性向上を意図して適用される。ろう材は金属(共晶合金)であり、ガラス等の透光性材料と異種材料であるので、組成によってはリッド本体との密着性に乏しく固定できない場合がある。そこで、金属からなるメタライズ膜を適用することで、ろう材の密着性を確保してリッド本体からの脱落等を防止することができる。メタライズ膜は、単層構造又は多層構造をとることができる。メタライズ膜の具体的な構成は、その機能に応じて数種の金属層が想定されている。
メタライズ膜の機能としては、ろう材のリッド本体に対する密着性改善が挙げられる。そのためのメタライズ膜として、ろう材が融着される面に、Au又はPtの少なくともいずれかからなる第1の金属層を形成するのが好ましい。Au又はPtは、上述した各種具体例のろう材に対する密着性が良好だからである。この第1の金属膜も単層又は多層とすることができ、Au又はPtのいずれかのみで構成しても良く、双方を積層(Au/Pt、Pt/Au)させても良い。この第1の金属膜は、薄すぎると下地が露出して密着性が低下することがある。一方、厚すぎると接合時にろう材と反応することで、接合不良や接合強度低下を起こすことがある。そこで、第1の金属膜の膜厚は、0.01μm以上1μm以下とすることが好ましい。
上述したAu、Ptで構成されるろう材融着面に形成される第1の金属膜は、リッド本体を構成する透光性材料に対して密着性に乏しい場合がある。そこで、ろう材が融着される第1の金属膜とリッド本体との密着性を向上させるメタライズ膜として、Mg、Al、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、In、Sn、Sb、Ta、W、Re、Os、Irの少なくともいずれかよりなる第2の金属膜を形成することが好ましい。これらの金属は、透光性材料及びAu、Ptの双方に対する密着性が良好なので、ろう材をリッド本体に好適に固定することができる。特に、Cr、Tiは活性の高い金属であるため、リッド本体表面との密着性が高いメタライズ膜を形成できる。また、Niは保護性能に優れ、下地の酸化・変質を抑制するメタライズ膜を形成できる。よって、好ましくは、Cr、Ti、Niの少なくともいずれかからなる第2の金属層を有するメタライズ膜を形成することが好ましい。
本発明に係る封止用のリッドにおいてメタライズ膜を採用するとき、ろう材はメタライズ膜に接触した状態でリッド本体に融着されることとなる。このとき、ろう材とメタライズ膜との界面において、メタライズ膜を構成する金属元素がろう材中に拡散する可能性がある。本発明においては、このろう材中へ拡散する金属元素量を最低限にすることが好ましい。具体的には、拡散によってろう材内に形成され得る拡散領域の幅が2μm以下であることが好ましい。ろう材内部に金属元素の過度の拡散が生じた場合、界面付近におけるろう材の組成変動や化合物生成が生じている可能性がある。ろう材の組成変動や化合物生成は、融点の変化や、接合強度の低下や、リークの原因となる可能性がある。従って、過度の拡散がない状態が好ましい。この拡散領域の幅とは、融着界面付近のろう材内部について、メタライズ膜の構成金属であってろう材の構成金属ではない金属(Pt、Ni等が対象となることが多い)の有無を適宜の分析手段により測定することができる。拡散領域の幅は、1μm以下がより好ましい。拡散領域の幅の下限は、低いほど好ましいが好ましくは0.001μmとする。
上記のメタライズ膜のほか、本発明のリッド本体には表面と裏面の一方又は双方について、特定波長の透過率又は反射率を上昇させる目的で、機能膜を形成することができる。この機能膜の具体的な材質としては、MgF2が挙げられる。例えば波長250nm~400nmの紫外線の透過率を上昇させたい場合には,膜厚は60~100nmとすることが望ましい。
次に本発明に係る封止用のリッドの製造方法について説明する。本発明のリッドは、透光性材料のリッド本体に1片又は複数片の共晶合金からなるろう材を融着することで製造できる。
メタライズ膜は、リッド本体表面からCr(60nm)/Ni(200nm)/Au(100nm)の順序で各金属の薄膜を形成した。また、一部の実施例では、Ti(60nm)/Pt(200nm)/Au(100nm)の順序で形成したメタライズ膜も適用した。
Claims (15)
- 光学素子を収容するパッケージ本体に接合され、気密封止されたパッケージを製造するための封止用リッドにおいて、
可視光、紫外光、赤外光の少なくともいずれかを透過可能な透光性材料からなるリッド本体を備え、
前記リッド本体は、前記パッケージ本体と接合する面に、リッド本体の外周形状に対応した枠状の接合領域を含み、
前記リッド本体の前記接合領域上に複数片の共晶合金からなるろう材が融着されてなることを特徴とする封止用リッド。 - 複数片のろう材が、接合領域上に連続的に融着され枠形状を形成している請求項1記載の封止用リッド。
- 複数片のろう材のうち、少なくとも一つのろう材の任意断面の材料組織が、共晶組織と任意的に含まれる円相当径5μm以下の単一相とからなる材料組織である請求項1又は請求項2記載の封止用リッド。
- 複数片のろう材のうち、少なくとも一つのろう材の投影形状が略円形である請求項1~請求項3のいずれかに記載の封止用リッド。
- リッド本体を構成する透光性材料は、ガラス、水晶、サファイア、シリコン、ゲルマニウムのいずれかよりなる請求項1~請求項5のいずれかに記載の封止用リッド。
- 共晶合金からなるろう材は、Au系共晶ろう材である請求項1~請求項6のいずれかに記載の封止用リッド。
- 共晶合金からなるろう材は、Au-Snろう材である請求項1~請求項7のいずれかに記載の封止用リッド。
- リッド本体表面の少なくとも一部に、金属からなる少なくとも1層のメタライズ膜を有し、前記メタライズ膜の上にろう材が融着されてなる請求項1~請求項8のいずれかに記載の封止用リッド。
- メタライズ膜は、ろう材が融着される面にAu又はPtの少なくともいずれかからなる第1の金属層を有する請求項9記載の封止用リッド。
- メタライズ膜は、リッド本体の表面上にMg、Al、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、In、Sn、Sb、Ta、W、Re、Os、Irの少なくともいずれかからなる第2の金属層を有する請求項9又は請求項11記載の封止用リッド。
- メタライズ膜を構成する金属元素がろう材内部へ拡散することで形成される拡散領域の幅が、2μm以下である請求項9~請求項11のいずれか1項に記載の封止用リッド。
- リッド本体は、片面もしくは両面に透過率又は反射率を上昇させる機能膜を有する請求項1~請求項12のいずれかに記載の封止用リッド。
- パッケージ本体に封止用リッドを接合する工程を含む気密封止方法において、
前記封止用リッドとして請求項1~請求項13のいずれかに記載の封止用リッドを接合する気密封止方法。 - 請求項1~請求項13のいずれかに記載の封止用リッドが接合されたパッケージ。
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US16/967,207 US12002723B2 (en) | 2018-02-13 | 2019-02-12 | Sealing lid formed from translucent material |
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- 2019-02-12 CN CN201980013082.4A patent/CN111712912B/zh active Active
- 2019-02-12 WO PCT/JP2019/004772 patent/WO2019159858A1/ja unknown
- 2019-02-12 US US16/967,207 patent/US12002723B2/en active Active
- 2019-02-12 EP EP19754079.2A patent/EP3754699B1/en active Active
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Also Published As
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US20200365474A1 (en) | 2020-11-19 |
KR20200116485A (ko) | 2020-10-12 |
CN111712912A (zh) | 2020-09-25 |
JP7182596B2 (ja) | 2022-12-02 |
TWI713990B (zh) | 2020-12-21 |
EP3754699A1 (en) | 2020-12-23 |
JPWO2019159858A1 (ja) | 2021-01-28 |
CN111712912B (zh) | 2023-12-22 |
EP3754699C0 (en) | 2023-11-22 |
KR102417632B1 (ko) | 2022-07-07 |
AU2019222263B2 (en) | 2022-02-24 |
AU2019222263A1 (en) | 2020-09-24 |
TW202005049A (zh) | 2020-01-16 |
EP3754699A4 (en) | 2021-01-13 |
EP3754699B1 (en) | 2023-11-22 |
US12002723B2 (en) | 2024-06-04 |
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