WO2019148340A1 - 差速器及其组装方法 - Google Patents

差速器及其组装方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019148340A1
WO2019148340A1 PCT/CN2018/074663 CN2018074663W WO2019148340A1 WO 2019148340 A1 WO2019148340 A1 WO 2019148340A1 CN 2018074663 W CN2018074663 W CN 2018074663W WO 2019148340 A1 WO2019148340 A1 WO 2019148340A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
side gear
housing
gear
differential
cover
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PCT/CN2018/074663
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
余磊
张军辉
Original Assignee
舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/074663 priority Critical patent/WO2019148340A1/zh
Publication of WO2019148340A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019148340A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/06—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H48/08—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion comprising bevel gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/38—Constructional details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings
    • F16H48/38—Constructional details
    • F16H48/42—Constructional details characterised by features of the input shafts, e.g. mounting of drive gears thereon

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of automobiles, and more particularly to a differential and an assembly method thereof.
  • the differential is usually used in vehicles. When the vehicle is running, the power output from the engine of the vehicle is transmitted to the propeller shaft. Then, the differential divides the power of the drive shaft into two parts, and transmits the divided power to the left and right drive wheels via the two output shafts connected to the differential, respectively. Thereby, the left and right drive wheels of the vehicle are rotated at different rotational speeds.
  • the differential typically includes a housing, side gears, and planet gears.
  • the side gears and the planet gears mesh with each other and are rotatably mounted within the housing, respectively.
  • the planetary gears are mounted on the housing by a shaft that is fixed to the housing via a pin. That is to say, the differential requires additional parts such as pins and shafts, resulting in a complicated structure of the differential.
  • the differential includes a housing having a first end opening to be formed as a mounting opening, and two holes are formed in a peripheral wall of the housing; the first side gear is located at the first end and is capable of surrounding itself The axis is rotationally mounted within the housing; the second side gear is located at a second end of the housing opposite the first end and is mounted within the housing in a manner rotatable about its own axis, the first side gear and the first The teeth of the two side gears are opposite to each other; and two planetary axles are located between the first side gear and the second side gear and are respectively arranged corresponding to the two holes, each of the planetary axles comprising: a gear portion, respectively Engaging with the teeth of the first side gear and the second side gear; and a shaft portion fixedly coupled to the gear portion and rotatably supported in the corresponding bore, wherein each of the planet axles can surround itself within the housing The axis of rotation rotates and the axes of rotation of the two planet axles coincide
  • the housing and the second side gear are configured such that when the second side gear is engaged with each of the planetary axles at the first end, the first axis can be rotated from the first axis of the planetary shaft The end is rotated to the second end.
  • the differential further includes: a cover mounted at the first end of the housing to cover the first side gear, the cover being provided with a limit portion, wherein the first side gear is provided with the joint The engaging portion cooperates with the limiting portion to define a position of the first side gear within the housing.
  • the stopper portion is formed as a recess opened on the cover, and the engaging portion is formed as a convex portion that protrudes from the first side gear, and the convex portion can be fitted into the recess.
  • the gear portion of each of the planetary axles is integrally formed with the shaft portion.
  • the housing is integrally formed.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of assembling a differential comprising the steps of: mounting two planet axles within a housing from a mounting opening of a housing such that each planet axle can surround it within the housing Rotating its own axis of rotation; at the mounting port, engaging the second side gear with the two planet axles and rotating the second side gear about the axis of rotation of the planet axle to move the second side gear from the mounting port of the housing The first end is moved to a second end of the housing opposite the first end; and at the mounting opening, the first side gear is meshed with the two planetary axles.
  • the differential further includes a cover, the cover is provided with a limiting portion, and the first side gear is provided with an engaging portion
  • the assembling method further comprises: mounting the cover to the first end of the housing to The first side gear is covered and the limit portion is mated with the joint to limit the position of the first side gear within the housing.
  • the differential according to the embodiment of the present invention does not require additional parts such as a shaft and a pin, and thus the structure is relatively simple.
  • Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a differential according to the prior art
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a differential in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a housing of a differential in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4A shows a planetary axle mounting step of the assembly method according to the present invention
  • Figure 4B illustrates a side gear mounting step of the assembly method in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 4C illustrates another side gear mounting step of the assembly method in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 4E shows the ring gear mounting step of the assembly method in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a prior art differential.
  • the differential 100 includes a housing 110, two side gears 120, and two planet gears 130.
  • Two holes 111 are defined in the housing 110.
  • the side gear 120 is rotatably mounted within the housing 110, and the teeth of the two side gears 120 are opposed to each other.
  • Each of the planetary gears 130 is located between the two side gears 120, and the teeth of the two planetary gears 130 are opposed to each other.
  • the teeth of each of the planet gears 130 mesh with the teeth of the two side gears 120, respectively.
  • the planetary gear 130 has a fitting hole 131 extending in the direction of its central axis A1.
  • the shaft 140 is inserted through the mating holes 131 on the two planet gears 130 such that the planet gears 130 are rotatable relative to the shaft 140 about its central axis A1.
  • both ends of the shaft 140 are respectively inserted through the holes 111 in the housing 110, and are fixed to the housing 110 via pins 150 that are interference-fitted with the housing 110.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a modified differential in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the housing of the differential in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the differential 200 includes a housing 210, a first side gear 220, a second side gear 230, and two planetary axles 240.
  • the first end of the housing 210 is opened to be formed as a mounting opening 211, and two holes 212 are defined in the peripheral wall of the housing 210.
  • the housing 210 is integrally formed.
  • the housing 210 is formed as a bell or dome shaped casting.
  • An opening 213 is defined at a second end of the housing 210 opposite the first end. The opening 213 is for insertion of a half shaft (not shown) of the vehicle when the differential 200 is mounted on the vehicle.
  • the first side gear 220 is located at the first end of the housing 210 and is mounted within the housing 210 in a manner that is rotatable about its own axis of rotation.
  • the second side gear 230 is located at the second end of the housing 210 and is mounted within the housing 210 in a manner that is rotatable about its own axis of rotation.
  • the tooth portions of the first side gear 220 and the second side gear 230 are opposed to each other, and the rotation axes A2 of both of them coincide.
  • the first side gear 220 and the second side gear 230 are both provided with axial through holes. One end of the half shaft can be inserted through and installed in the axial through hole.
  • the central axis of the axial through hole of the second side gear 230 is aligned with the central axis of the opening 213 of the housing 210.
  • Each of the planet gear shafts 240 is located between the first side gear 220 and the second side gear 230 and is disposed corresponding to the two holes 212, respectively.
  • Each of the planetary axles 240 includes a gear portion 241 and a shaft portion 242.
  • Each of the gear portions 241 meshes with the tooth portions of the first side gear 220 and the second side gear 230, respectively, and the tooth portions of the two gear portions 241 are opposed to each other.
  • the shaft portion 242 is fixedly coupled to the gear portion 241 and rotatably supported within the corresponding bore 212.
  • the shaft portion 242 is integrally formed with the gear portion 241.
  • Each of the planet axles 242 is rotatable within the housing 210 about its own axis of rotation. The axes of rotation A1 of the two planet axles 240 coincide.
  • Each of the planetary axles 240 is rotatable about the rotational axis A2 of the first side gear 220 and the second side gear 230 such that the planetary axle 240 revolves along the teeth of the first side gear 220 and the second side gear 230.
  • the planet axle 240 can also be rotated about its own axis of rotation A1, which is referred to as rotation.
  • the differential according to an embodiment of the present invention does not require an additional shaft and pin, and thus the structure is relatively simple.
  • the differential of the present invention can be reassembled after assembly without damaging other components of the differential.
  • the housing 210 and the second side gear 230 are configured such that an inner circumferential surface of the housing 210 substantially matches a back surface 231 of the second side gear 230 opposite to the tooth portion thereof. Thereby, when the differential operates, vibration and noise due to excessive gap between the housing 210 and the second side gear 230 are prevented from being caused.
  • the housing 210 and each of the planet gear shafts 240 are configured such that the inner circumferential surface of the housing 210 substantially matches the back surface 243 of the gear portion 241 of the planetary axle 240 opposite its teeth. Thereby, when the differential is operated, vibration and noise due to excessive gap between the housing 210 and the gear portion 241 of the planetary shaft 240 are prevented from being excessive.
  • the housing 210 and the second side gear 230 are configured such that the second side gear 230 is rotatable from the first end of the housing 210 to the second end within the housing 210 about the axis of rotation A1 of the planet gear shaft 240. Thereby, the second side gear 230 can be smoothly mounted from the mounting opening 211 of the housing 210 to the second end of the housing 210.
  • a spherical accommodation space is formed in the housing 210, and the back surface 231 of the second side gear 230 is spherical.
  • the tooth profiles of the teeth of the first side gear 220 and the second side gear 230 are the same, whereby a portion of the processing of the first side gear 220 and the second side gear 230 can be performed using the same manufacturing tool.
  • the first side gear 220 and the second side gear 230 may first be forged with the same set of forging dies to form the same tooth. Thereafter, the final first side gear 220 and the second side gear 230 are formed using different machining methods.
  • the differential 200 also includes two planetary axle washers 250, a first side gear washer 260, and a second side gear washer 270.
  • a planetary axle washer 250 is mounted between each of the planetary axles 240 and the peripheral wall of the housing 210, thereby suppressing friction between the planetary axle 240 and the housing 210 to reduce wear thereof.
  • the first side gear spacer 260 is installed between the first side gear 220 and the peripheral wall of the housing 210
  • the second side gear spacer 270 is installed between the second side gear 230 and the peripheral wall of the housing 210, thereby suppressing Friction between the first side gear 220 and the housing 210 and friction between the second side gear 230 and the housing 210 to reduce wear.
  • the differential 200 also includes a cover 280.
  • a cover 280 is mounted to the first end of the housing 210 to cover the first side gear 220.
  • the cover 280 is fixedly mounted to the housing 210 by bolts (not shown).
  • a through hole 281 is defined in the cover 280 for insertion of the half shaft.
  • a limit portion 282 is provided on the cover 280, and a joint portion 221 is provided on the first side gear 220.
  • the stop portion 282 can cooperate with the engagement portion 221 such that the position of the first side gear 220 within the housing 210 is defined. For example, when the first side gear 220 is mounted in position, the first side gear 220 cannot rotate about the rotational axis A1 of the planetary shaft 240.
  • the position of the second side gear 230 within the housing 210 is also defined.
  • the second side gear 230 is also unable to rotate about the rotational axis A1 of the planetary shaft 240.
  • the stopper portion 282 is formed as a recess opened in the cover 280
  • the engaging portion 221 is formed as a convex portion that protrudes from the first side gear 220, and the convex portion can be fitted into the concave portion.
  • the cover 280 When the cover 280 is mounted to the first end of the housing 210, the central axis of the axial through hole of the first side gear 220 is aligned with the central axis of the through hole 281 of the cover 280. Thereby, the half shafts can be sequentially inserted through the through holes 281 of the cover 280 and the axial through holes of the first side gear 220, and are mounted to the first side gear 220, for example, by splines.
  • the differential also includes a ring gear 290.
  • the ring gear 290 is an annular tooth and is mounted to the cover 280.
  • the ring gear 290 is fixed to the cover 280 by bolts (not shown).
  • the differential can be mounted on the vehicle.
  • the half shaft of the differential is coupled to the wheel and the teeth of the ring gear mesh with the teeth of the drive shaft of the vehicle.
  • the drive shaft of the vehicle is coupled to the output shaft of the engine of the vehicle via a gearbox.
  • the housing drives the planetary axle to rotate, so that the planetary axle rotates around the first side gear and the second side gear.
  • the inner wheel produces more resistance, and the forces on the two axles are different, causing the planet axle to spin.
  • the rotation speed of the side gear connected to the inner side wheel is slowed, and the rotation speed of the side gear connected to the outer side wheel is accelerated.
  • the rotational speeds of the wheels on the inner and outer sides are differentiated.
  • 4A to 4C respectively illustrate steps of a method of assembling a differential according to an embodiment of the present invention: a planetary axle mounting step, a second side gear mounting step, and a first side gear mounting step.
  • the planetary axle mounting step two planetary axles 240 are mounted in the housing 210 from the mounting opening 211 of the housing 210 such that each of the planetary axles 240 can surround itself within the housing 210.
  • the rotation axis A1 rotates.
  • the second side gear mounting step at the mounting opening 211, the second side gear 230 is meshed with the two planetary axles 240, and the second side gear 230 is rotated about the rotation axis A1.
  • the second side gear 3 is moved from the first end of the housing 210 to the second end of the housing 210.
  • the housing 210 and the second side gear 230 are configured to enable the second side gear 230 to rotate from the first end to the second end about the rotational axis A1 of the planetary shaft 240, the second side gear 230 can smoothly pass from the mounting port 211 is installed to the second end.
  • the first side gear 220 is meshed with the two planetary axles 240 at the mounting port 212.
  • the method of assembling the differential also includes a planetary axle washer mounting step. This step is performed before the planetary axle mounting step.
  • the planetary axle washer mounting step the planetary axle washer 250 is mounted to the planetary axle 240.
  • the planet axle 240 is mounted within the housing 210 along with the planet axle washer 250 such that the planet axle washer 250 is located between the planet axle 240 and the housing 210.
  • the method of assembling the differential further includes a second side gear washer mounting step. This step is performed before the second side gear mounting step.
  • the second side gear pad mounting step the second side gear pad 270 is mounted to the second side gear 230.
  • the second side gear 230 is rotated together with the second side gear washer 270 to the second end of the housing 210 such that the second side gear spacer 270 is located at the second side The side gear 230 is between the housing 210.
  • the method of assembling the differential further includes a first side gear washer mounting step. This step is performed prior to the first side gear mounting step.
  • the first side gear pad mounting step the first side gear pad 260 is mounted to the first side gear 220.
  • the method of assembling the differential further includes a cover mounting step. This step is performed after the first side gear mounting step.
  • Figure 4D shows the cover mounting step.
  • the cover 280 is fixedly mounted to the first end of the housing 210 to cover the first side gear 220, and the limiting portion 282 is engaged with the engaging portion 221, thereby defining The first side gear 220 is in a position within the housing 210.
  • the central axis of the through hole 281 of the cover 280 is aligned with the central axis of the axial through hole of the first side gear 220.
  • the method of assembling the differential further includes a ring gear mounting step. This step is performed after the cover mounting step.
  • Figure 4E shows the ring gear mounting step. As shown in FIG. 4E, in the ring gear mounting step, the ring gear 290 is fixedly mounted to the cover 280.

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Abstract

差速器（200）及其组装方法，所述差速器（200）包括：壳体（210），壳体（210）的第一端开口以形成为安装口（211），并且壳体（210）的周壁上开设两个孔（212）；第一侧齿轮（220），其位于第一端处并且以能够围绕其自身轴线旋转的方式安装在壳体（210）内；第二侧齿轮（230），其位于壳体（210）的与第一端相对的第二端处并且以能够围绕其自身轴线旋转的方式安装在壳体（210）内，第一侧齿轮（220）和第二侧齿轮（230）的齿部彼此相对；以及两个行星轮轴（240），其位于第一侧齿轮（220）和第二侧齿轮（230）之间并且分别与两个孔（212）相对应地布置，每个行星轮轴（240）包括齿轮部（241），其分别与第一侧齿轮（220）和第二侧齿轮（230）的齿部相啮合；和轴部（242），其与齿轮部（241）固定连接并且可旋转地支承在相应的孔（212）内，每个行星轮轴（240）能够在壳体（210）内围绕其自身的旋转轴线旋转，两个行星轮轴（240）的旋转轴线相重合。

Description

差速器及其组装方法 技术领域
本发明涉及汽车领域，更具体地涉及差速器及其组装方法。
背景技术
差速器通常在车辆中使用。当车辆行驶时，车辆的发动机输出的动力传递至传动轴。然后，差速器将传动轴的动力分割成两部分，并且将分割后的动力经由与差速器相连接的两个输出轴分别传递给左、右驱动轮。由此，车辆的左、右驱动轮实现以不同的转速旋转。
差速器通常包括壳体、侧齿轮和行星齿轮。侧齿轮和行星齿轮相互啮合，并且分别以可旋转的方式安装在壳体内。
然而，在现有的差速器中，行星齿轮通过经由销钉固定到壳体上的轴杆，来安装在壳体上。也就是说，差速器需要包括销钉和轴杆这样的额外零件，导致差速器的结构比较复杂。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种结构简单的差速器并且提供一种该差速器的组装方法。
本发明的一方面提供了一种差速器。该差速器包括：壳体，壳体的第一端开口以形成为安装口，并且壳体的周壁上开设两个孔；第一侧齿轮，其位于第一端处并且以能够围绕其自身轴线旋转的方式安装在壳体内；第二侧齿轮，其位于壳体的与第一端相对的第二端处并且以能够围绕其自身轴线旋转的方式安装在壳体内，第一侧齿轮和第二侧齿轮的齿部彼此相对；以及两个行星轮轴，其位于第一侧齿轮和第二侧齿轮之间并且分别与两个孔相对应地布置，每个行星轮轴包括：齿轮部，其分别与第一侧齿轮和第二侧齿轮的齿部相啮合；和轴部，其与齿轮部固定连接并且可旋转地支承 在相应的孔内，其中，每个行星轮轴能够在壳体内围绕其自身的旋转轴线旋转，并且两个行星轮轴的旋转轴线相重合。
根据本发明的实施例，壳体和第二侧齿轮构造为使得当所述第二侧齿轮在所述第一端与每个所述行星轮轴啮合后，能够围绕行星轮轴的旋转轴线从第一端旋转到第二端。
根据本发明的实施例，差速器还包括：罩盖，其安装在壳体的第一端处以覆盖第一侧齿轮，罩盖上设置有限位部，其中，第一侧齿轮上设置有接合部，接合部与限位部相配合使得限定第一侧齿轮在壳体内的位置。
根据本发明的实施例，限位部形成为开设在罩盖上的凹部，并且接合部形成为从第一侧齿轮上突起的凸部，凸部能够嵌入到凹部内。
根据本发明的实施例，每个行星轮轴的齿轮部与轴部一体成型。
根据本发明的实施例，壳体一体成型。
本发明的另一方面提供了一种差速器的组装方法，其包括以下步骤：从壳体的安装口处将两个行星轮轴安装在壳体内，使得每个行星轮轴能够在壳体内围绕其自身的旋转轴线旋转；在安装口处，将第二侧齿轮与两个行星轮轴相啮合，并且使第二侧齿轮围绕行星轮轴的旋转轴线旋转，以将第二侧齿轮从壳体的安装口所在的第一端移动到壳体的与第一端相对的第二端处；和在安装口处，将第一侧齿轮与两个行星轮轴相啮合。
根据本发明的实施例，差速器还包括罩盖，罩盖上设置有限位部，第一侧齿轮上设置有接合部，组装方法还包括：将罩盖安装到壳体的第一端处以覆盖第一侧齿轮，并且使得限位部与接合部相配合以限制第一侧齿轮在壳体内的位置。
根据本发明的实施例的差速器无需轴杆和销钉这样的额外零件，因此结构比较简单。
附图说明
根据如下附图对实施例的说明，可以获得本发明的其它特征和优点。
在附图中：
图1示出根据现有技术的差速器的剖视图；
图2示出根据本发明的实施例的差速器的剖视图；
图3示出根据本发明的实施例的差速器的壳体的剖视图；
图4A示出根据本发明的组装方法的行星轮轴安装步骤；
图4B示出根据本发明的组装方法的一个侧齿轮安装步骤；
图4C示出根据本发明的组装方法的另一个侧齿轮安装步骤；
图4D示出根据本发明的组装方法的罩盖安装步骤；
图4E示出根据本发明的组装方法的环齿轮安装步骤。
对于本发明的相同的或者功能相同的部件使用相同的附图标记。此外，出于需要清楚显示的原因在单个附图中只示出用于描述相应附图所需的附图标记。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更为明显易懂，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施例做详细的说明。
图1示出现有技术的差速器的剖视图。如图1所述，差速器100包括壳体110、两个侧齿轮120和两个行星齿轮130。壳体110上开设有两个孔111。侧齿轮120以可旋转的方式安装在壳体110内，并且两个侧齿轮120的齿部彼此相对。每个行星齿轮130均位于两个侧齿轮120之间，并且两个行星齿轮130的齿部彼此相对。每个行星齿轮130的齿部分别与两个侧齿轮120的齿部相啮合。行星齿轮130上具有沿其中心轴线A1的方向延伸的配合孔131。轴杆140插入通过两个行星齿轮130上的配合孔131，使得行星齿轮130能够围绕其中心轴线A1相对于轴杆140旋转。此外，轴杆140的两端分别插入通过壳体110上的孔111，并经由与壳体110过盈配合的销钉150固定在壳体110上。
由于现有技术的差速器需要轴杆和销钉这样的额外零件，因此结构比较复杂。此外，销钉与壳体之间为过盈配合。这导致在组装完成差速器之后，无法对差速器进行重新组装，否则销钉的拆卸会导致壳体损坏。
图2是根据本发明的改进的差速器的剖视图，并且图3是根据本发明的实施例的差速器的壳体的剖视图。如图2和图3所示，差速器200包括 壳体210、第一侧齿轮220、第二侧齿轮230和两个行星轮轴240。
壳体210的第一端开口以形成为安装口211，并且壳体210的周壁上开设有两个孔212。在示例性实施例中，壳体210一体地成型。例如，壳体210形成为钟形或拱顶形的铸件。在壳体210的与第一端相对的第二端处开设有开口213。当差速器200安装在车辆上时，该开口213用于供车辆的半轴(未示出)插入通过。
第一侧齿轮220位于壳体210的第一端处并且以能够围绕其自身的旋转轴线旋转的方式安装在壳体210内。第二侧齿轮230位于壳体210的第二端处并且以能够围绕其自身的旋转轴线旋转的方式安装在壳体210内。第一侧齿轮220和第二侧齿轮230的齿部彼此相对，并且其两者的旋转轴线A2相重合。
第一侧齿轮220和第二侧齿轮230均开设有轴向通孔。半轴的一端能够插入通过并安装在轴向通孔内。当第二侧齿轮230安装在壳体210内时，第二侧齿轮230的轴向通孔的中心轴线与壳体210的开口213的中心轴线对准。
每个行星轮轴240位于第一侧齿轮220和第二侧齿轮230之间并且分别与两个孔212相对应地布置。每个行星轮轴240包括齿轮部241和轴部242。每个齿轮部241分别与第一侧齿轮220和第二侧齿轮230的齿部相啮合，并且两个齿轮部241的齿部彼此相对。轴部242与齿轮部241固定连接并且可旋转地支承在相应的孔212内。在示例性实施例中，轴部242与齿轮部241一体地成型。每个行星轮轴242能够在壳体210内围绕其自身的旋转轴线旋转。两个行星轮轴240的旋转轴线A1相重合。
每个行星轮轴240可以围绕第一侧齿轮220和第二侧齿轮230的旋转轴线A2转动，使得行星轮轴240沿第一侧齿轮220和第二侧齿轮230的齿部做公转运动。行星轮轴240也可以围绕其自身的旋转轴线A1旋转，该运动被称为自转。
根据本发明的实施例的差速器无需额外的轴杆和销钉，因此结构比较简单。此外，本发明的差速器在组装好之后，可以重新进行组装，而不会损坏差速器的其他零部件。
壳体210和第二侧齿轮230构造为使得壳体210的内周面大致匹配于第二侧齿轮230的与其齿部相反的背表面231。由此，当差速器工作时，避免因壳体210与第二侧齿轮230之间的间隙过大而引起振动和噪音。同样地，壳体210和每个行星轮轴240构造为使得壳体210的内周面大致匹配于行星轮轴240的齿轮部241的与其齿部相反的背表面243。由此，当差速器工作时，避免因壳体210与行星轮轴240的齿轮部241之间的间隙过大而引起振动和噪音。
壳体210和第二侧齿轮230构造为使得第二侧齿轮230能够在壳体210内围绕行星轮轴240的旋转轴线A1从壳体210的第一端旋转到第二端。由此，第二侧齿轮230能够顺利地从壳体210的安装口211处安装至壳体210的第二端。在示例性实施例中，壳体210内形成球状的容纳空间，并且第二侧齿轮230的背表面231呈球面。
第一侧齿轮220和第二侧齿轮230的齿部的齿型特征相同，由此第一侧齿轮220和第二侧齿轮230的一部分加工过程可以采用相同的制造工具来进行。例如，第一侧齿轮220和第二侧齿轮230可以首先采用同一套锻造模具锻造成型，以形成相同的齿部。之后，采用不同的机加工方式，形成最终的第一侧齿轮220和第二侧齿轮230。
差速器200还包括两个行星轮轴垫片250、第一侧齿轮垫片260和第二侧齿轮垫片270。行星轮轴垫片250安装在每个行星轮轴240与壳体210的周壁之间，由此抑制行星轮轴240与壳体210之间的摩擦，以减小其磨损。第一侧齿轮垫片260安装在第一侧齿轮220与壳体210的周壁之间，并且第二侧齿轮垫片270安装在第二侧齿轮230与壳体210的周壁之间，由此抑制第一侧齿轮220与壳体210之间的摩擦以及第二侧齿轮230与壳体210之间的摩擦，以减小磨损。
差速器200还包括罩盖280。罩盖280安装到壳体210的第一端，以覆盖第一侧齿轮220。例如，罩盖280通过螺栓(未示出)固定安装到壳体210上。罩盖280上开设有通孔281，以用于供半轴插入通过。罩盖280上设置有限位部282，并且第一侧齿轮220上设置有接合部221。限位部282能够与接合部221相配合，使得限定第一侧齿轮220在壳体210内 的位置。例如，当第一侧齿轮220安装到位时，第一侧齿轮220无法围绕行星轮轴240的旋转轴线A1旋转。相应地，还会限定第二侧齿轮230在壳体210内的位置。例如，当第二侧齿轮230安装到位时，第二侧齿轮230也无法围绕行星轮轴240的旋转轴线A1旋转。在示例性实施例中，限位部282形成为罩盖280上开设的凹部，接合部221形成为从第一侧齿轮220上突起的凸部，并且凸部能够嵌入到凹部中。
当罩盖280安装到壳体210的第一端时，第一侧齿轮220的轴向通孔的中心轴线与罩盖280的通孔281的中心轴线对准。由此，半轴能够依次插入通过罩盖280的通孔281和第一侧齿轮220的轴向通孔，并且例如通过花键安装到第一侧齿轮220上。
差速器还包括环齿轮290。环齿轮290为环形的齿部，并且安装至罩盖280。例如，环齿轮290通过螺栓(未示出)固定至罩盖280。
差速器能够安装在车辆上。差速器的半轴与车轮相连接，并且环齿轮的齿部与车辆的传动轴的齿部相啮合。车辆的传动轴经由变速箱连接至车辆的发动机的输出轴。当车辆沿直线行驶时，壳体带动行星轮轴旋转，使得行星轮轴围绕第一侧齿轮和第二侧齿轮做公转运动。当车辆转弯时，内侧车轮会产生更大的阻力，两个半轴的受力不同，导致迫使行星轮轴产生自转。由此，与内侧车轮连接的侧齿轮的转速减慢，而与外侧车轮连接的侧齿轮的转速加快。从而，内外两侧的车轮的转速实现了差异化。
图4A至图4C分别示出了根据本发明的实施例的差速器的组装方法的步骤：行星轮轴安装步骤、第二侧齿轮安装步骤和第一侧齿轮安装步骤。
如图4A所示，在行星轮轴安装步骤中，从壳体210的安装口211处将两个行星轮轴240安装在壳体210内，使得每个行星轮轴240能够在壳体210内围绕其自身的旋转轴线A1旋转。如图4B所示，在第二侧齿轮安装步骤中，在安装口211处，将第二侧齿轮230与两个行星轮轴240相啮合，并且使该第二侧齿轮230围绕旋转轴线A1旋转，以将第二侧齿轮3从壳体210的第一端移动到壳体210的第二端处。由于壳体210和第二侧齿轮230构造为能够使第二侧齿轮230围绕行星轮轴240的旋转轴线A1从第一端旋转到第二端处，因此第二侧齿轮230能够顺利地从安装口211 安装到第二端处。如图4C所示，在第一侧齿轮安装步骤中，在安装口212处，将第一侧齿轮220与两个行星轮轴240相啮合。
附加地，差速器的组装方法还包括行星轮轴垫片安装步骤。该步骤在行星轮轴安装步骤之前执行。在行星轮轴垫片安装步骤中，将行星轮轴垫片250安装到行星轮轴240上。相对应地，在行星轮轴安装步骤中，将行星轮轴240连同行星轮轴垫片250一起安装在壳体210内，使得行星轮轴垫片250位于行星轮轴240与壳体210之间。
附加地，差速器的组装方法还包括第二侧齿轮垫片安装步骤。该步骤在第二侧齿轮安装步骤之前执行。在第二侧齿轮垫片安装步骤中，将第二侧齿轮垫片270安装到第二侧齿轮230上。相对应地，在第二侧齿轮安装步骤中，将第二侧齿轮230连同第二侧齿轮垫片270一起旋转到壳体210的第二端处，使得第二侧齿轮垫片270位于第二侧齿轮230与壳体210之间。
附加地，差速器的组装方法还包括第一侧齿轮垫片安装步骤。该步骤在第一侧齿轮安装步骤之前执行。在第一侧齿轮垫片安装步骤中，将第一侧齿轮垫片260安装到第一侧齿轮220上。
附加地，差速器的组装方法还包括罩盖安装步骤。该步骤在第一侧齿轮安装步骤之后执行。图4D示出罩盖安装步骤。如图4D所示，在罩盖安装步骤中，将罩盖280固定安装到壳体210的第一端以覆盖第一侧齿轮220，并且使得限位部282与接合部221相配合，从而限定第一侧齿轮220在壳体210内的位置。在罩盖280安装到位后，罩盖280的通孔281的中心轴线和第一侧齿轮220的轴向通孔的中心轴线相对准。
附加地，差速器的组装方法还包括环齿轮安装步骤。该步骤在罩盖安装步骤之后执行。图4E示出环齿轮安装步骤。如图4E所示，在环齿轮安装步骤中，将环齿轮290固定安装到罩盖280上。
虽然在上述说明中示例性地描述了可能的实施例，但是应该理解到，仍然通过所有已知的和此外技术人员容易想到的技术特征和实施方式的组合存在大量实施例的变化。此外还应该理解到，示例性的实施方式仅仅作为一个例子，这种实施例绝不以任何形式限制本发明的保护范围、应用和 构造。通过前述说明更多地是向技术人员提供一种用于转化至少一个示例性实施方式的技术指导，其中，只要不脱离权利要求书的保护范围，便可以进行各种改变，尤其是关于所述部件的功能和结构方面的改变。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种差速器，其包括：
    壳体，所述壳体的第一端开口以形成为安装口，并且所述壳体的周壁上开设两个孔；
    第一侧齿轮，其位于所述第一端处并且以能够围绕其自身轴线旋转的方式安装在所述壳体内；
    第二侧齿轮，其位于所述壳体的与所述第一端相对的第二端处并且以能够围绕其自身轴线旋转的方式安装在所述壳体内，所述第一侧齿轮和所述第二侧齿轮的齿部彼此相对；以及
    两个行星轮轴，其位于所述第一侧齿轮和所述第二侧齿轮之间并且分别与所述两个孔相对应地布置，每个所述行星轮轴包括
    齿轮部，其分别与所述第一侧齿轮和所述第二侧齿轮的齿部相啮合；和
    轴部，其与所述齿轮部固定连接并且可旋转地支承在相应的所述孔内，其中，每个所述行星轮轴能够在所述壳体内围绕其自身的旋转轴线旋转，并且所述两个行星轮轴的旋转轴线相重合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的差速器，其中，
    所述壳体和所述第二侧齿轮构造为使得当所述第二侧齿轮在所述第一端与每个所述行星轮轴啮合后，能够围绕所述行星轮轴的旋转轴线从所述第一端旋转到所述第二端。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的差速器，还包括：
    罩盖，其安装在所述壳体的第一端处以覆盖所述第一侧齿轮，所述罩盖上设置有限位部，其中，
    所述第一侧齿轮上设置有接合部，所述接合部与所述限位部相配合使得限定所述第一侧齿轮在所述壳体内的位置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的差速器，其中，
    所述限位部形成为开设在所述罩盖上的凹部，并且所述接合部形成为从所述第一侧齿轮上突起的凸部，所述凸部能够嵌入到所述凹部内。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的差速器，其中，
    每个所述行星轮轴的所述齿轮部与所述轴部一体成型。
  6. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的差速器，其中，
    所述壳体一体成型。
  7. 一种根据权利要求1所述的差速器的组装方法，其包括以下步骤：
    从壳体的安装口处将两个行星轮轴安装在所述壳体内，使得每个所述行星轮轴能够在所述壳体内围绕其自身的旋转轴线旋转；
    在所述安装口处，将第二侧齿轮与所述两个行星轮轴相啮合，并且使所述第二侧齿轮围绕所述行星轮轴的旋转轴线旋转，以将所述第二侧齿轮从所述壳体的所述安装口所在的第一端移动到所述壳体的与所述第一端相对的第二端处；和
    在所述安装口处，将第一侧齿轮与所述两个行星轮轴相啮合。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的组装方法，其中，
    所述差速器还包括罩盖，所述罩盖上设置有限位部，所述第一侧齿轮上设置有接合部，
    所述组装方法还包括：
    将所述罩盖安装到所述壳体的第一端处以覆盖所述第一侧齿轮，并且使得所述限位部与所述接合部相配合以限制所述第一侧齿轮在所述壳体内的位置。
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CN101886696A (zh) * 2010-07-01 2010-11-17 吉林大学 差速器及整体式差速动力耦合装置
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