WO2019134621A1 - 电池包锁紧机构、电池包及车辆 - Google Patents

电池包锁紧机构、电池包及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019134621A1
WO2019134621A1 PCT/CN2018/125490 CN2018125490W WO2019134621A1 WO 2019134621 A1 WO2019134621 A1 WO 2019134621A1 CN 2018125490 W CN2018125490 W CN 2018125490W WO 2019134621 A1 WO2019134621 A1 WO 2019134621A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery pack
engaging portion
cavity
locking mechanism
locking
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/125490
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
袁春萍
林海岩
李楠
田小涛
Original Assignee
蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 蔚来汽车有限公司 filed Critical 蔚来汽车有限公司
Priority to EP18898925.5A priority Critical patent/EP3736150B1/en
Publication of WO2019134621A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019134621A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • B60K2001/0438—Arrangement under the floor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • B60K2001/0472—Removal or replacement of the energy storages from below
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2410/00—Constructional features of vehicle sub-units
    • B60Y2410/113—Mount clips, snap-fit, e.g. quick fit with elastic members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a locking device, and more particularly to a locking mechanism for a replaceable battery pack, a battery pack, and a vehicle.
  • a battery pack locking mechanism for fastening the electric vehicle and the battery pack is generally provided, and the specific structure of the locking mechanism greatly affects the efficiency of the power exchange.
  • Most of the existing battery pack locking mechanisms use a bolt tightening mechanism to fasten the battery pack to the automobile. When the battery pack adopting such a structure is replaced, the power exchange process is time consuming and the power exchange operation is complicated.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the locking mechanism of the existing electric vehicle battery pack, and to provide a new battery pack locking mechanism, a battery pack and a vehicle, and the technical problem to be solved is to provide a stability. Strong battery pack locking mechanism, battery pack and vehicle that can be quickly loaded and unloaded.
  • a battery pack locking mechanism includes: a locking member and a locking fitting, the locking member includes a housing and a latching portion; and one of the housing and the locking mating member is fixed to a battery pack, the other being fixed in the fixed position of the battery pack; the engaging portion being movable relative to the outer casing between a first position and a second position; in the first position, the card a portion of the hinge extends beyond the outer casing to interlock with the locking fitting; in the second position, the engaging portion retracts into the outer casing to cooperate with the locking Unlock the pieces.
  • the locking fitting is provided with a first cavity;
  • the outer casing has a head, the head being capable of moving relative to the locking fitting in a dismounting direction Extending or withdrawing from the first cavity;
  • the outer casing is provided with a second cavity extending to the head for receiving the engaging portion;
  • the side wall of the outer casing is provided with the first a through hole communicating with the two cavities; in an interlocked state, the head extends into the first cavity, and the engaging portion moves to the first position and is engaged with the first cavity Between the inner wall and the inner wall of the outer casing; in the unlocked state, the engaging portion moves to the second position, and the head exits the first cavity.
  • the first cavity is provided with a step; in the first position, the engaging portion is in contact with the step, and is engaged with the step and the pass Between the inner walls of the holes.
  • the engaging portion is spherical, the through hole is a cylindrical through hole having the same diameter as the engaging portion; the head of the outer casing extends into the head In the first cavity, the engaging portion is movable between the first position and the second position along an axial direction of the through hole.
  • the axial direction of the through hole has an angle with the thickness direction of the side wall, and the inclined direction of the step coincides with the axial direction of the through hole.
  • the locking member further includes a transmission portion located in the second cavity for driving the engaging portion between the first position and the second position motion.
  • the transmission portion includes: a first push rod arranged in the dismounting direction, an elastic member and a second push rod; the first push rod is used to support the engagement a second portion of the elastic member along the dismounting direction is respectively disposed on the first push rod and the second push rod; and in the dismounting direction, the second cavity is in the second portion
  • the end of the push rod has an opening, so that the external driving component can extend from the opening and drive the second push rod to move in a direction toward or away from the first push rod, thereby driving the engaging portion Moving between the first position and the second position.
  • the engaging portion includes a metal member; and the first push rod is provided with a permanent magnet for absorbing the engaging portion to drive the engaging portion to move.
  • the battery pack locking mechanism wherein the second cavity is provided with an annular end surface, the end surface is perpendicular to the dismounting direction, and the end surface faces the through hole; and the end surface is circumferentially disposed
  • the first positioning slot and the second positioning slot are spaced apart from each other, and the depth of the first positioning slot along the dismounting direction is smaller than the depth of the second positioning slot along the dismounting direction; a positioning member; the positioning member is switchably received in the first positioning groove and the second positioning groove; and the positioning element is located when the positioning element is located at a groove bottom of the first positioning groove Holding the first position; when the positioning element is located at the bottom of the second positioning groove, the engaging portion is maintained at the second position; the positioning element is capable of following the transmission portion
  • the movement of the disassembly direction is separated from the positioning groove and moves into the other positioning groove as the transmission portion rotates.
  • the battery pack locking mechanism wherein the locking member further comprises a hollow bottom case extending into the second cavity and sleeved outside at least a portion of the transmission portion; the end surface is disposed at the An end of the bottom case adjacent to the through hole.
  • the positioning component is a positioning pin or a bump provided on the second push rod.
  • the second push rod is provided with a drive engagement groove at an end facing the opening for engaging the external drive member.
  • the locking member is provided with a plurality of the engaging portions
  • the outer casing is provided with a corresponding plurality of the through holes; and the plurality of engaging portions are at the transmission portion
  • the synchronous movement is performed to enable the plurality of engaging portions to be simultaneously located in the first position and simultaneously located in the second position.
  • a battery pack according to the present invention has a flange having a third cavity through which the locking member of any of the foregoing is worn.
  • a vehicle according to the present invention comprising the battery pack locking mechanism according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the locking fitting is fixed to the vehicle.
  • the present invention has at least the following advantages and benefits:
  • the present invention is provided with an engaging portion having two states of a first position (compact state) and a second position (unlocked state), and for driving the engaging portion to switch between the first position and the second position
  • the transmission portion can efficiently and conveniently perform the disassembly and installation of the battery pack when the external driving component drives the transmission portion, thereby saving the disassembly time;
  • the present invention utilizes the weight of the battery pack to provide a stable pre-tightening force for the engagement between the locking member and the locking fitting, thereby achieving a firm and stable locking between the battery pack and the vehicle body structure;
  • the engaging portion of the locking member By arranging the engaging portion of the locking member to be spherical, the engaging portion can be in point contact with the inner wall of the first cavity to reduce friction between the components, thereby reducing wear;
  • the present invention is compact and lightweight.
  • Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of a battery pack locking mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the battery pack locking mechanism in which the locking member and the locking fitting are in an interlocked state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a cross-sectional view of the battery pack locking mechanism in which the locking member and the locking fitting are in an unlocked state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the transition of the battery pack locking mechanism between the unlocked state and the interlocked state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • first cavity 111 second cavity
  • first positioning slot 142 second positioning slot
  • Positioning element 150 bottom case
  • a battery pack locking mechanism according to an example of the present invention mainly includes: a locking member 100 and a locking fitting 200 , and one of the locking member 100 and the locking fitting 200 is fixed to the battery pack. The other is fixed in the fixed position of the battery pack, and the battery pack is disassembled and assembled on the vehicle by interlocking or unlocking between the two.
  • a manner in which the locking fitting 200 is fixed to the vehicle and the locking member 100 is fixed to the battery pack is taken as an example.
  • the locking member 100 includes a housing 110 and a latching portion 120.
  • the outer casing 110 is fixed to the battery pack.
  • the latch 120 is moveable relative to the housing 110 between a first position and a second position. In the first position, a portion of the engaging portion 120 extends beyond the outer casing 110 to interlock with the locking fitting 200. In the second position, the engaging portion 120 is retracted into the outer casing 110 to be unlocked with the locking fitting 200.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the locking member 100 and the locking fitting 200 in an interlocked state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a locking member 100 and a locking fitting 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention. A schematic cross-sectional view of the unlocked state.
  • the locking fitting 200 is provided with a first cavity 210; the outer casing 110 of the locking member 100 has a head, and the outer casing 110 is along with the locking fitting 200 When the disassembly direction is relatively moved, the head of the outer casing 110 can protrude into or out of the first cavity 210.
  • the disassembly direction is in the vertical direction, the upward direction is the mounting direction, and the downward direction is the disassembly direction.
  • the outer casing 110 is provided with a second cavity 111 extending to the head of the outer casing 110 for receiving the engaging portion 120.
  • the side wall of the outer casing 110 is provided with a through hole 112 communicating with the second cavity 111 for allowing at least a portion of the engaging portion 120 to protrude from the through hole 112 to the outside of the outer casing 110.
  • the radial width and the axial length of the through hole 112 are not limited, and the through hole 112 may be disposed such that the entire engaging portion 120 can pass through the through hole 112 to the outside of the outer casing 110, or The through hole 112 is disposed such that only a portion of the engaging portion 120 is exposed outside the outer casing 110.
  • the head of the outer casing 110 extends into the first cavity 210, and the engaging portion 120 is moved to the first position (extending from the second cavity 111 through the through hole 112), and A preload force is formed between the inner wall of the first cavity 210, the engaging portion 120 and the inner wall of the outer casing 110 by the gravity of the battery pack, so that the engaging portion 120 is caught between the inner wall of the first cavity 210 and the inner wall of the outer casing 110.
  • the inner wall of the outer casing 110 is the inner wall of the second cavity 111 and/or the inner wall of the through hole 112.
  • engaging portion 120 may be in contact with the inner wall of the second cavity 111, or may be The inner wall of the through hole 112 is in contact with each other, and can also be in contact with the inner wall of the second cavity 111 and the inner wall of the through hole 112 at the same time.
  • the engaging portion 120 is moved to the second position (retracted into the second cavity 111), and the head of the outer casing 110 is withdrawn from the first cavity 210.
  • a step 211 is disposed in the first cavity 210.
  • the head of the outer casing 110 protrudes into the first cavity 210 at least a portion of the engaging portion 120 can move from the through hole 112 to the step 211 or from the step to the through hole 112; further, the outer casing 110 head
  • the stepped surface of the step 211 communicates with the wall surface of the through hole 112 (the step 211 is flush with the inner wall of the through hole 112), so that the engaging portion 120 is in the through hole 112 and the step 211.
  • the movement between the two is smoother.
  • the engaging portion 120 comes into contact with the step 211 and is caught between the step 211 and the inner wall of the through hole 112.
  • the engaging portion 120 is spherical. Further, the engaging portion 120 may be a metal ball made of high-strength alloy steel.
  • the through hole 112 is a cylindrical shape having the same diameter as the spherical engaging portion 120, and the engaging portion 120 is movable between the first position and the second position in the axial direction (longitudinal direction) of the through hole 112.
  • the engaging portion 120 is disposed in a spherical shape to facilitate the movement of the engaging portion 120, and the engaging portion 120 can be made between the stepped surface of the step 211, the inner wall of the first cavity 210, or the inner wall of the second cavity 111. Point contact to reduce the friction between the parts, thereby reducing the wear of the locking mechanism.
  • the axial direction of the through hole 112 may extend along the thickness direction of the side wall of the outer casing 110; or the axial direction of the through hole 112 may also have an angle with the thickness direction of the side wall, and the step 211
  • the inclined direction coincides with the axial direction of the through hole 112, and when the head of the outer casing 110 protrudes into the first cavity 210, the stepped surface of the step 211 is smoothly connected to the wall surface of the through hole 112 (the step 211 and the through hole 112)
  • the inner wall is flat) so that the engaging portion 120 can move more smoothly along the inclined through hole 112 and the step 211.
  • the locking member 100 further includes a transmission portion 130 located in the second cavity 111 for driving the engaging portion 120 to move between the first position and the second position.
  • the transmission portion 130 includes a first push rod 131, an elastic member 132, and a second push rod 133 that are arranged in the disassembly direction.
  • the first push rod 131 is in contact with the engaging portion 120 to support the engaging portion 120.
  • the engaging portion 120 includes a metal member (in fact, the engaging portion 120 may be a metal member, or may be a metal member as a whole, for example, the foregoing engaging portion 120 is an example of a metal ball), and the first push The rod 131 can be provided with a permanent magnet 134 for absorbing the engaging portion 120 to facilitate the engaging portion 120.
  • the permanent magnet 134 and the body of the first push rod 131 may be connected by bolts.
  • the two ends of the elastic member 132 along the dismounting direction are respectively disposed on the first push rod 131 and the second push rod 133, and may be abutted or fixed, for supporting the first push rod 131, and are first pushed.
  • the rod 131 is driven between the second push rod 133.
  • the resilient element 132 can be a heavy duty spring.
  • the second cavity 111 has an opening at one end of the second push rod 133 so that the external driving member can protrude from the opening and drive the second push rod 133 toward or away from the first push rod 131.
  • the direction moves to drive the engaging portion 120 to move between the first position and the second position.
  • the second cavity 111 is provided with an annular end surface 140 that is perpendicular to the disassembly direction and that the end surface 140 faces the through hole 112.
  • the end surface 140 faces the through hole 112 does not mean that the end surface 140 must face the through hole 112 , and only the orientation of the end surface 140 does not face away from the through hole 112 , for example, in FIG. 2 .
  • the end face 140 faces the through hole 112 means that the end face 140 faces upward.
  • the first positioning groove 141 and the second positioning groove 142 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the end surface 140, and the depths of the first positioning groove 141 and the second positioning groove 142 are different along the disassembly direction.
  • the depth of the dismounting direction is smaller than the depth of the second positioning slot 142 along the dismounting direction, that is, the groove bottom of the second positioning slot 142 is closer to the second slot than the bottom of the first positioning slot 141.
  • the transmission portion 130 is provided with a positioning member 135.
  • the positioning element 135 can be disposed on the second push rod 133.
  • the positioning member 135 may be a positioning pin that is radially fixed to the second push rod 133; or may be a protrusion integrally formed with the second push rod 133.
  • the positioning component 135 can be rotatably received in the first positioning slot 141 and the second positioning slot 142.
  • FIG. 2 when the positioning member 135 is located at the bottom of the groove of the first positioning groove 141, the engaging portion 120 is maintained at the first position.
  • FIG. 3 when the positioning member 135 is located at the bottom of the groove of the second positioning groove 142, the engaging portion 120 is maintained at the second position. Thereby, the engaging portion 120 is stabilized in the interlocked state or the unlocked state by positioning the second push rod 133 at different axial positions.
  • the positioning component 135 can be separated from the first positioning slot 141 or the second positioning slot 142 where the transmission portion 130 moves in the dismounting direction, and moves to the first positioning slot 141 and the second with the rotation of the transmission portion 130.
  • the other of the positioning slots 142 is positioned in the slot.
  • the end surface 140 is not limited to be integral with the inner wall of the second cavity 111.
  • the locking member 100 further includes a bottom case 150 that is hollow.
  • the bottom case 150 extends into the second cavity 111 and is sleeved over at least a portion of the transmission portion 130. In addition, for example, it can be sleeved outside the second push rod 133.
  • the end surface 140 is disposed at an end of the bottom case 150 adjacent to the through hole 112, and the first positioning groove 141 and the second positioning groove 142 are also disposed on the bottom case 150.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the transition of the battery pack locking mechanism between the unlocked state and the locked state. Referring to FIG. 4, the locking process of the battery pack locking mechanism is shown in the order of ABCDE.
  • the locking member 100 is separated from the locking fitting 200, the positioning unit 135 is located at the bottom of the groove of the second positioning groove 142, and the engaging portion 120 is held in the second position of the retracting housing 110. .
  • the battery pack locking mechanism is changed from the A state to the B state: as the locking member 100 moves upward, the head of the housing 110 Extending into the first cavity 210.
  • the battery pack locking mechanism is changed from the B state to the C state: as the second push rod 133 moves upward, the positioning member 135 leaves the second positioning groove 142 and exceeds the end surface 140, the elastic member The compression is performed to push the first push rod 131 upward, thereby pushing the engaging portion 120 to move to the first position of the outer casing 110 and between the inner wall of the outer casing 110 and the inner wall of the first cavity 210.
  • the battery pack locking mechanism is changed from the C state to the D state: as the second push rod 133 rotates, the positioning member 135 is rotated by a certain angle in the circumferential direction and aligned with the first positioning. Slot 141.
  • the battery pack locking mechanism is changed from the D state to the E state: with the second The push rod 133 moves downward, and the positioning member 135 moves to the bottom of the groove of the first positioning groove 141, so that the engaging portion 120 is maintained at the first position, so that the locking member 100 and the locking fitting 200 are stably interlocked;
  • the elastic element 132 performs a certain relaxation.
  • the end face 140 is not limited to a plane or may be inclined.
  • the portion of the end surface 140 between the first positioning groove 141 and the second positioning groove 142 may have a slope (not shown), and the matching structure between the transmission portion 130 and the positioning groove may be set to present.
  • Some automatic pen-like structures are used to realize the positioning of the positioning member 135 in the first positioning groove 141 and the second positioning by moving the transmission portion 130 in the disassembly direction (without rotating the transmission portion 130). The state of the slot 142 is switched between.
  • a driving engagement groove 160 is provided, which may be, for example, an inner octagonal groove for The external driving members are engaged with each other so that the external driving member drives the second push rod 133 to perform the movement in the disassembly direction or the circumferential rotation.
  • the driving engagement groove 160 is not limited to the inner octagonal shape, and may be other groove types suitable for the external driving component; and is not limited to the provision of the driving engagement groove 160 in the transmission portion 130 to realize the power changing mechanism.
  • the bottom end of the second push rod 133 can also be configured as a positive prism structure to cooperate with the power changing mechanism.
  • it is not limited to automatic power exchange by the power changing mechanism, and manual power exchange can be performed by using a sleeve that can cooperate with the driving engagement groove 160.
  • the locking component 100 can include a plurality of engaging portions 120, and correspondingly, a plurality of through holes 112 are disposed.
  • the engaging portions 120 are synchronously moved by the driving portion 130 to make the engaging portions 120.
  • the first position can be located at the same time, and can be located at the second position at the same time, so that the cooperation of the locking member 100 and the locking fitting 200 can be more stable.
  • the engaging portion 120 is a metal ball made of alloy steel
  • each of the locking members 100 is provided with three engaging portions 120, and the outer casing 110 is provided with three mutually spaced through holes 112 (the three through holes)
  • the hole 112 is in communication with the second cavity 111 at one end inside the second cavity 111).
  • the three engaging portions 120 can be synchronously moved in the respective through holes 112 under the driving of the transmission portion 130, so that the three engaging portions 120 can be simultaneously in the first position and can be simultaneously in the second position.
  • the present invention also discloses a battery pack having a flange 310 having a third cavity 311, the third cavity 311 being fixedly inserted with a lock as described in any of the above embodiments.
  • the locking member 100 is fixed in the third cavity 311 of the flange 310 by welding, screwing, integral molding or the like. It should be noted that the locking member 100 may be partially disposed in the third cavity 311. For example, in an example shown in FIG.
  • the head of the outer casing 110 may be exposed; the locking member 100 may also be completely
  • the first cavity 311 is disposed in the third cavity 311, and the end of the head of the outer casing 110 of the third cavity 311 can be disposed to receive the locking fitting 200, so that the locking component 100 and the locking fitting 200 are
  • the third cavity 311 is interlocked.
  • the invention also discloses a vehicle comprising the battery pack locking mechanism according to any one of the above embodiments.
  • the locking fitting 200 is fixed to the vehicle, and generally can be fixed to the bottom of the vehicle body.
  • a mounting hole can be opened in the locking fitting 200, and the locking fitting 200 can be screwed to the bottom of the vehicle body by bolts.
  • a plurality of battery pack locking mechanisms may be provided.
  • a plurality of locking members 100 may be disposed at intervals on the flanges 310 on both sides of the battery pack, and corresponding to the bottom of the vehicle body.
  • a plurality of locking fittings 200 are provided to enable the battery pack to be more stably locked to the vehicle body.
  • the locking fitting 200 is not limited to being disposed on the vehicle, and may be disposed at any device or position where the battery pack needs to be fixed.
  • the locking fitting 200 can be fixed to the power exchange platform.

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Abstract

一种电池包锁紧机构，该电池包锁紧机构包括：锁紧件（100）和锁紧配合件（200），所述锁紧件（100）包括外壳（110）和卡合部（120）；所述外壳（110）、所述锁紧配合件（200）中的一个固设于电池包，另一个固设于电池包被固定位置；卡合部（120）可相对于外壳（110）在第一位置和第二位置之间运动；在所述第一位置时，所述卡合部（120）的一部分伸出所述外壳（110）之外，以与所述锁紧配合件（200）互锁；在所述第二位置时，所述卡合部（120）退至所述外壳（110）内，以与所述锁紧配合件（200）解锁。利用上述电池包锁紧机构，能使电池包稳定地锁紧在车辆上，并有利于快速装卸电池包。另外还涉及与上述锁紧机构配合的电池包，以及具备该电池包的车辆。

Description

电池包锁紧机构、电池包及车辆 技术领域
本发明涉及一种锁紧装置，特别是涉及一种用于可换电池包的锁紧机构、电池包及车辆。
背景技术
近些年来，电池作为一种便于更换能源，在汽车领域得到了广泛应用。在电动汽车发展过程中，仍然存在着一些亟待解决的技术难题，这些障碍制约了电动汽车的大规模推广，而充电问题就是其中一个显著障碍。与内燃机汽车能在加油站快捷地补充燃料的情况相比，电动汽车需要特殊的充电设施并且每次充电都需要花费大量的时间。为此，更换电池包(简称换电)作为一种快捷的电动汽车补能方式越来越得到各方的重视。
在电动汽车与可更换的电池包之间，一般设有用于紧固电动汽车与电池包的电池包锁紧机构，而锁紧机构具体结构的优劣，极大地影响着换电的效率。现有的电池包锁紧机构大多采用螺栓拧紧机构将电池包紧固在汽车上，在对采用这种结构的电池包进行换电时，换电过程比较费时，换电操作也比较复杂。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，克服现有的电动汽车电池包的锁紧机构存在的缺陷，而提供一种新的电池包锁紧机构、电池包及车辆，所要解决的技术问题是提供一种稳定性强、能够快速装卸的电池包锁紧机构、电池包及车辆。
本发明的目的及解决其技术问题是采用以下的技术方案来实现的。依据本发明提出的电池包锁紧机构，包括：锁紧件和锁紧配合件，所述锁紧件包括外壳和卡合部；所述外壳、所述锁紧配合件中的一个固设于电池包，另一个固设于所述电池包被固定位置；所述卡合部可相对于所述外壳在第一位置和第二位置之间运动；在所述第一位置时，所述卡合部的一部分伸出所述外壳之外，以与所述锁紧配合件互锁；在所述第二位置时，所述卡合部退至所述外壳内，以与所述锁紧配合件解锁。
本发明的目的以及解决其技术问题还可以采用以下的技术措施来进一步实现。
前述的电池包锁紧机构，其中所述锁紧配合件设有第一空腔；所述外 壳具有头部，在与所述锁紧配合件沿拆装方向相对运动时，所述头部能够伸入或退出所述第一空腔；所述外壳设有延伸至所述头部的第二空腔，用于容纳所述卡合部；所述外壳的侧壁上设有与所述第二空腔连通的通孔；在互锁状态，所述头部伸入所述第一空腔，且所述卡合部运动至所述第一位置并卡设于所述第一空腔的内壁和所述外壳的内壁之间；在解锁状态，所述卡合部运动至所述第二位置，且所述头部退出所述第一空腔。
前述的电池包锁紧机构，其中所述第一空腔中设有台阶；在所述第一位置时，所述卡合部与所述台阶接触，且卡设于所述台阶和所述通孔内壁之间。
前述的电池包锁紧机构，其中所述卡合部为球形，所述通孔为具有与所述卡合部相同直径的圆柱形通孔；在所述外壳的所述头部伸入所述第一空腔时，所述卡合部能沿所述通孔的轴向在所述第一位置和所述第二位置之间运动。
前述的电池包锁紧机构，其中所述通孔的轴向与所在侧壁的厚度方向之间具有夹角，所述台阶的倾斜方向与所述通孔的轴向一致。
前述的电池包锁紧机构，其中所述锁紧件还包括位于所述第二空腔内的传动部，用于带动所述卡合部在所述第一位置与所述第二位置之间运动。
前述的电池包锁紧机构，其中所述传动部包括：沿所述拆装方向排布的第一推杆、弹性元件和第二推杆；所述第一推杆用于支撑所述卡合部；所述弹性元件沿所述拆装方向的两端分别设于所述第一推杆、所述第二推杆；沿所述拆装方向，所述第二空腔在所述第二推杆所在的一端具有开口，使得外部驱动部件能够从所述开口伸入、并驱动所述第二推杆沿朝向或沿远离所述第一推杆的方向运动，进而带动所述卡合部在所述第一位置与所述第二位置之间运动。
前述的电池包锁紧机构，其中所述卡合部包括金属件；所述第一推杆设有永磁铁，用于吸附所述卡合部，以带动所述卡合部运动。
前述的电池包锁紧机构，其中所述第二空腔中设有环形的端面，所述端面与所述拆装方向垂直，且所述端面面向所述通孔；在所述端面沿周向设有间隔排布的第一定位槽和第二定位槽，且所述第一定位槽沿所述拆装方向的深度小于所述第二定位槽沿所述拆装方向的深度；所述传动部设有定位元件；所述定位元件能可切换地容纳在所述第一定位槽、所述第二定位槽内；当所述定位元件位于所述第一定位槽的槽底时，所述卡合部保持在所述第一位置；当所述定位元件位于所述第二定位槽的槽底时，所述卡 合部保持在所述第二位置；所述定位元件能够随所述传动部沿所述拆装方向的运动而脱离所在定位槽，并随所述传动部的旋转而运动到另一个定位槽内。
前述的电池包锁紧机构，其中所述锁紧件还包括中空的底壳，伸入所述第二空腔中，并套设于所述传动部的至少一部分外；所述端面设置在所述底壳的靠近所述通孔的一端。
前述的电池包锁紧机构，其中所述定位元件为定位销或凸块，设于所述第二推杆。
前述的电池包锁紧机构，其中所述第二推杆在朝向所述开口的一端设有驱动配合槽，用于与所述外部驱动部件相互咬合。
前述的电池包锁紧机构，其中所述锁紧件设有多个所述卡合部，所述外壳设有对应的多个所述通孔；所述多个卡合部在所述传动部的带动下进行同步地运动，使所述多个卡合部能同时位于所述第一位置，并能同时位于所述第二位置。
本发明的目的及解决其技术问题还采用以下技术方案来实现。依据本发明提出的电池包，具有法兰，所述法兰具有第三空腔，穿设有前述任意一项所述的锁紧件。
本发明的目的及解决其技术问题还采用以下技术方案来实现。依据本发明提出的车辆，包括前述任意一项所述的电池包锁紧机构，所述锁紧配合件固定于所述车辆。
借由上述技术方案，本发明至少具有下列优点及有益效果：
(1)本发明设置有具有第一位置(互紧状态)、第二位置(解锁状态)两种状态的卡合部，以及用于带动卡合部在第一位置、第二位置之间切换的传动部，在外部驱动部件驱动该传动部时，能够高效且便捷地进行电池包的拆卸和安装，节约拆卸时间；
(2)本发明利用电池包自身重量，为锁紧件与锁紧配合件之间的卡合提供稳定的预紧力，实现了电池包与车身结构间牢固且稳定地锁紧；
(3)通过将锁紧件的卡合部设置为球形，能够使卡合部与第一空腔内壁进行点接触以降低部件间的摩擦，从而降低磨损；
(4)本发明结构紧凑，重量轻。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举较佳实施例,并配合附图，详 细说明如下。
附图说明
图1是本发明一个实施例的电池包锁紧机构的分解立体图。
图2是本发明一个实施例提供的锁紧件与锁紧配合件处于互锁状态的电池包锁紧机构的剖视图。
图3是本发明一个实施例提供的锁紧件与锁紧配合件处于解锁状态的电池包锁紧机构的剖视图。
图4是本发明一个实施例的电池包锁紧机构在解锁状态与互锁状态之间转换的示意图。
【符号说明】
100：锁紧件              200：锁紧配合件
110：外壳                120：卡合部
210：第一空腔            111：第二空腔
112：通孔                211：台阶
130：传动部              131：第一推杆
132：弹性元件            133：第二推杆
134：永磁铁              140：端面
141：第一定位槽          142：第二定位槽
135：定位元件            150：底壳
160：驱动配合槽          310：法兰
311：第三空腔
具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明为达成预定发明目的所采取的技术手段及功效，以下结合附图及较佳实施例，对依据本发明提出的电池包锁紧机构、电池包及车辆的具体实施方式、结构、特征及其功效，详细说明如后。
图1为本发明一个实施例的电池包锁紧机构的分解立体示意图。请参阅图1，根据本发明示例的电池包锁紧机构主要包括：锁紧件100和锁紧配合件200，该锁紧件100、该锁紧配合件200中的一个固设于电池包，另一个固设于该电池包被固定位置，通过两者之间的互锁或解锁，来实现电池包在车辆上的拆装。在下面的描述中，以锁紧配合件200固设于车辆上、锁紧件100则固设在电池包上的方式为例。
该锁紧件100包括外壳110和卡合部120。其中，该外壳110固设于电池包。该卡合部120可相对于该外壳110在第一位置和第二位置之间运动。在第一位置时，卡合部120的一部分伸出外壳110之外，以与锁紧配合件200互锁。在第二位置时，卡合部120退至外壳110内，以与锁紧配合件200解锁。
图2为本发明一个实施例提供的锁紧件100和锁紧配合件200处于互锁状态的剖视示意图，图3为本发明一个实施例提供的锁紧件100和锁紧配合件200处于解锁状态的剖视示意图。
在一种实施例中，如图2和图3所示，锁紧配合件200设有第一空腔210；锁紧件100的外壳110具有头部，外壳110在与锁紧配合件200沿拆装方向相对运动时，外壳110头部能够伸入或退出该第一空腔210。在图2或图3中，该拆装方向为沿竖直方向，向上为安装方向，向下为拆卸方向。外壳110设有延伸至外壳110头部的第二空腔111，用于容纳卡合部120。外壳110的侧壁上设有与第二空腔111连通的通孔112，该通孔112用于使卡合部120的至少一部分能够由该通孔112伸出到外壳110之外。需注意，对通孔112的径向宽度及轴向长度不做限制，可以将通孔112设置得使得卡合部120整体都能由该通孔112穿出到外壳110之外，也可以将通孔112设置得仅能使得卡合部120的一部分露出到外壳110之外。
在互锁状态，如图2所示，外壳110头部伸入第一空腔210，且卡合部120运动至第一位置(通过通孔112从第二空腔111内伸出)，并利用电池包的重力在第一空腔210内壁、卡合部120和外壳110的内壁之间形成预紧力，使卡合部120卡于第一空腔210的内壁和外壳110的内壁之间。该外壳110内壁为第二空腔111的内壁和/或通孔112的内壁，这里所说的“和/或”是指，卡合部120可以与第二空腔111内壁接触，或者可以与通孔112内壁接触，还可以同时与第二空腔111内壁和通孔112内壁接触。
在解锁状态，如图3所示，卡合部120运动至第二位置(缩入第二空腔111内)，且外壳110头部退出第一空腔210。
可选地，该第一空腔210中设有台阶211。在外壳110头部伸入第一空腔210内时，卡合部120的至少一部分能从通孔112运动到该台阶211上，或从台阶运动到通孔112中；进一步地，外壳110头部伸入第一空腔210内时，该台阶211的台阶面与通孔112的壁面相连通(台阶211与通孔112内壁持平)，以使卡合部120在通孔112和台阶211之间的移动更加顺畅。在运动到第一位置时，卡合部120与台阶211接触，且卡于台阶211和通 孔112内壁之间。
可选地，该卡合部120为球形，进一步地，该卡合部120可以是高强度合金钢材质的金属滚珠。同时，通孔112为具有与该球形的卡合部120相同直径的圆柱形，卡合部120能沿通孔112的轴向(长度方向)在第一位置和第二位置之间运动。将卡合部120设置为球形，有利于卡合部120的移动，并且能够使卡合部120与台阶211的台阶面、第一空腔210内壁或第二空腔111内壁等部件之间进行点接触，以降低部件之间的摩擦，进而降低锁紧机构的磨损。
需注意，通孔112的轴向可以是沿所在外壳110侧壁的厚度方向延伸的；或者，通孔112的轴向也可与所在侧壁的厚度方向之间具有夹角，且台阶211的倾斜方向与通孔112的轴向一致，并且在外壳110的头部伸入第一空腔210内时，该台阶211的台阶面与通孔112的壁面平滑地相连(台阶211与通孔112内壁持平)，从而使得卡合部120能沿倾斜的通孔112和台阶211进行更加顺畅地运动。
在一些实施例中，锁紧件100还包括位于第二空腔111内的传动部130，用于带动卡合部120在第一位置与第二位置之间运动。
作为一种可选实施例，传动部130包括沿拆装方向排布的第一推杆131、弹性元件132和第二推杆133。
其中，第一推杆131与卡合部120相接触，以支撑该卡合部120。可选地，卡合部120包括金属件(事实上，卡合部120可以一部分为金属件，也可以整体为金属件，例如前述的卡合部120为金属滚珠的示例)，该第一推杆131可设有永磁铁134，用于吸附该卡合部120，以便于带动该卡合部120。该永磁铁134与第一推杆131本体之间可以通过螺栓连接。
弹性元件132沿拆装方向的两端分别设于第一推杆131、第二推杆133，可以是相抵靠也可以是相固接，用于支撑第一推杆131，并在第一推杆131与第二推杆133之间传动。可选地，该弹性元件132可以为重型弹簧。
沿拆装方向，第二空腔111在第二推杆133所在一端具有开口，使得外部驱动部件能够从该开口伸入，并驱动第二推杆133沿朝向或沿远离第一推杆131的方向运动，进而带动卡合部120在第一位置与第二位置之间运动。
在一种实施例中，第二空腔111中设有环形的端面140，该端面140与拆装方向垂直，且端面140面向通孔112。需要说明的是，前述的“端面140面向通孔112”并非指的是端面140必须正对该通孔112，而仅指该端 面140的朝向不是背向该通孔112的，例如在图2中，“端面140面向通孔112”指的是端面140面向上设置。在端面140沿周向设有间隔排布的第一定位槽141和第二定位槽142，且第一定位槽141和第二定位槽142沿拆装方向的深度不同，不妨该第一定位槽141沿所述拆装方向的深度小于该第二定位槽142沿所述拆装方向的深度，亦即该第二定位槽142的槽底相对于该第一定位槽141的槽底更靠近第二空腔111的开口。同时，传动部130设有定位元件135。可选地，定位元件135可设置在第二推杆133上。例如，该定位元件135可以是定位销，径向地固定穿设于第二推杆133；或者也可以是与第二推杆133一体成型的凸块。该定位元件135能可切换地容纳在第一定位槽141、第二定位槽142内。如图2所示，当定位元件135位于第一定位槽141的槽底时，卡合部120保持在第一位置。如图3所示，当定位元件135位于第二定位槽142的槽底时，卡合部120保持在第二位置。从而通过将第二推杆133定位于不同的轴向位置，使卡合部120稳定在互锁状态或解锁状态。定位元件135能够随传动部130沿拆装方向的运动而脱离所在的第一定位槽141或所在的第二定位槽142，并随传动部130的旋转而运动到第一定位槽141、第二定位槽142中的另一个定位槽内。
需要说明的是，该端面140并非限制为与第二空腔111的内壁为一体的。例如在一种可选示例中，锁紧件100还包括底壳150，该底壳150为中空的，该底壳150伸入第二空腔111中，并套设于传动部130的至少一部分外，例如可以套设于第二推杆133之外。该端面140设置在底壳150的靠近通孔112的一端，同时该第一定位槽141和该第二定位槽142也设置在该底壳150上。
图4为电池包锁紧机构在解锁状态与锁紧状态之间转换的示意图，请参阅图4，按照ABCDE的顺序表示了电池包锁紧机构的锁紧过程。
具体地，在所示的A状态：锁紧件100与锁紧配合件200相分离，定位单元135位于第二定位槽142的槽底，卡合部120保持在缩入外壳110的第二位置。
通过沿安装方向(图中为向上)移动锁紧件100(或移动电池包)，使电池包锁紧机构从A状态变为B状态：随着锁紧件100向上运动，外壳110的头部伸入到第一空腔210内。
通过第二推杆133的向上运动，使电池包锁紧机构从B状态变为C状态：随着第二推杆133向上运动，定位元件135离开第二定位槽142并超过端面140，弹性元件132压缩，以推动第一推杆131向上移动，进而推动 卡合部120运动到伸出外壳110的第一位置，并卡在外壳110内壁与第一空腔210内壁之间。
通过周向转动第二推杆133，使电池包锁紧机构从C状态变为D状态：随着第二推杆133的转动，定位元件135沿周向旋转一定角度，并对准第一定位槽141。
通过第二推杆133的向下运动(事实上，由于设置了弹性元件132，松开第二推杆133即可)，使电池包锁紧机构从D状态变为E状态：随着第二推杆133向下运动，定位元件135运动到第一定位槽141的槽底，使得卡合部120保持在第一位置，进而使得锁紧件100与锁紧配合件200稳定地互锁；此时弹性元件132进行了一定的舒张。
与上述的锁紧过程相似，按照图4中的EDCBA顺序则表示了电池包锁紧机构的解锁过程。
另外需要注意的是，该端面140并非仅限于平面，也可以是倾斜的。事实上，端面140在第一定位槽141、第二定位槽142之间的部分可以具有斜坡(图中未画出)，并可将传动部130与定位槽之间的配合结构设置为与现有的自动笔类似的结构，以实现仅通过沿拆装方向移动传动部130(而不必旋转传动部130)，来实现定位元件135在卡于第一定位槽141的状态与卡于第二定位槽142的状态之间进行切换。
可选地，如图2、图3所示，在第二推杆133的朝向第二空腔111的开口的一端设有驱动配合槽160，例如可以是内八角形的凹槽，用于与外部驱动部件相互咬合，以便于外部驱动部件驱动该第二推杆133进行沿拆卸方向的移动或周向转动。需要注意的是，驱动配合槽160并非仅限于内八角形的，也可以是其他与外部驱动部件相适应的槽型；而且并非仅限于在传动部130设置驱动配合槽160来实现与换电机构的配合，例如也可将第二推杆133的底端设置为正棱柱结构，以便与换电机构相配合。另外，并不限于利用换电机构进行自动换电，也可利用能与该驱动配合槽160相配合的套筒进行人工换电。
可选地，锁紧件100可包括多个卡合部120，并对应地设置多个通孔112，这些卡合部120在传动部130的带动下进行同步地运动，使这些卡合部120能同时位于第一位置，并能同时位于第二位置，从而使得锁紧件100与锁紧配合件200的配合能够更加稳定。例如在卡合部120为合金钢材质的金属滚珠的一种示例中，每个锁紧件100设有三个卡合部120，同时外壳110开设有三个相互间隔的通孔112(这三个通孔112在第二空腔111内部 的一端均与第二空腔111连通)。这三个卡合部120能在传动部130的带动下在各自所在的通孔112内同步地运动，使这三个卡合部120能同时处于第一位置，并能同时处于第二位置。
本发明还公开了一种电池包，该电池包具有法兰310，法兰310具有第三空腔311，该第三空腔311内固定地穿设有如上述任意一个实施例中所述的锁紧件100，该锁紧件100通过焊接、螺纹连接、一体成型或其他方式固定于该法兰310的第三空腔311内。需注意，该锁紧件100可以是一部分置于该第三空腔311内，例如在图3所示的一种示例中，可以将外壳110的头部露出；该锁紧件100也可以完全置于该第三空腔311内，这时可将第三空腔311的外壳110头部所在的一端设置得能够容纳锁紧配合件200，使得锁紧件100与锁紧配合件200在该第三空腔311内进行互锁。通过将锁紧件100的至少一部分置于该法兰310内，能够降低固设有锁紧件100的电池包的整体高度。
本发明还公开了一种车辆，其包括上述任意一个实施例所述的电池包锁紧机构。其中，该锁紧配合件200固定在车辆上，一般来说可以固定在车身底部，例如可在锁紧配合件200开设安装孔，通过螺栓将锁紧配合件200拧紧在车身底部。
需注意，根据电池包的大小和重量，可以设置多个电池包锁紧机构，例如，可将多个锁紧件100间隔地设置在电池包两侧的法兰310上，并在车身底部对应地设置多个锁紧配合件200，以使得电池包能够更加稳定地锁紧在车身上。
另外需要说明的是，并非仅限于将锁紧配合件200设于车辆上，也可以设置在任何需要固定电池包的设备或位置。例如在将本发明的电池包锁紧机构应用于换电平台时，可将锁紧配合件200固定在换电平台上。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明做任何形式上的限制，虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然而并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内，当可利用上述揭示的技术内容做出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例，但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种电池包锁紧机构，其特征在于，包括：
    锁紧件(100)和锁紧配合件(200)，所述锁紧件(100)包括外壳(110)和卡合部(120)；
    所述外壳(110)、所述锁紧配合件(200)中的一个固设于电池包，另一个固设于所述电池包被固定位置；
    所述卡合部(120)可相对于所述外壳(110)在第一位置和第二位置之间运动；在所述第一位置时，所述卡合部(120)的一部分伸出所述外壳(110)之外，以与所述锁紧配合件(200)互锁；在所述第二位置时，所述卡合部(120)退至所述外壳(110)内，以与所述锁紧配合件(200)解锁。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包锁紧机构，其特征在于：
    所述锁紧配合件(200)设有第一空腔(210)；所述外壳(110)具有头部，在与所述锁紧配合件(200)沿拆装方向相对运动时，所述头部能够伸入或退出所述第一空腔(210)；
    所述外壳(110)设有延伸至所述头部的第二空腔(111)，用于容纳所述卡合部(120)；所述外壳(110)的侧壁上设有与所述第二空腔(111)连通的通孔(112)；
    在互锁状态，所述头部伸入所述第一空腔(210)，且所述卡合部(120)运动至所述第一位置并卡设于所述第一空腔(210)的内壁和所述外壳(110)的内壁之间；
    在解锁状态，所述卡合部(120)运动至所述第二位置，且所述头部退出所述第一空腔(210)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池包锁紧机构，其特征在于：
    所述第一空腔(210)中设有台阶(211)；
    在所述第一位置时，所述卡合部(120)与所述台阶(211)接触，且卡设于所述台阶(211)和所述通孔(112)内壁之间。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池包锁紧机构，其特征在于：
    所述卡合部(120)为球形，所述通孔(112)为具有与所述卡合部(120)相同直径的圆柱形通孔；
    在所述外壳(110)的所述头部伸入所述第一空腔(210)时，所述卡合部(120)能沿所述通孔(112)的轴向在所述第一位置和所述第二位置 之间运动。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池包锁紧机构，其特征在于：
    所述通孔(112)的轴向与所在侧壁的厚度方向之间具有夹角，所述台阶(211)的倾斜方向与所述通孔(112)的轴向一致。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的电池包锁紧机构，其特征在于：
    所述锁紧件(100)还包括位于所述第二空腔(111)内的传动部(130)，用于带动所述卡合部(120)在所述第一位置与所述第二位置之间运动。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池包锁紧机构，其特征在于，所述传动部(130)包括：沿所述拆装方向排布的第一推杆(131)、弹性元件(132)和第二推杆(133)；
    所述第一推杆(131)用于支撑所述卡合部(120)；
    所述弹性元件(132)沿所述拆装方向的两端分别设于所述第一推杆(131)、所述第二推杆(133)；
    沿所述拆装方向，所述第二空腔(111)在所述第二推杆(133)所在的一端具有开口，使得外部驱动部件能够从所述开口伸入、并驱动所述第二推杆(133)沿朝向或沿远离所述第一推杆(131)的方向运动，进而带动所述卡合部(120)在所述第一位置与所述第二位置之间运动。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池包锁紧机构，其特征在于：
    所述卡合部(120)包括金属件；
    所述第一推杆(131)设有永磁铁(134)，用于吸附所述卡合部(120)，以带动所述卡合部(120)运动。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的电池包锁紧机构，其特征在于：
    所述第二空腔(111)中设有环形的端面(140)，所述端面(140)与所述拆装方向垂直，且所述端面(140)面向所述通孔(112)；
    在所述端面(140)沿周向设有间隔排布的第一定位槽(141)和第二定位槽(142)，且所述第一定位槽(141)沿所述拆装方向的深度小于所述第二定位槽(142)沿所述拆装方向的深度；
    所述传动部(130)设有定位元件(135)；所述定位元件(135)能可切换地容纳在所述第一定位槽(141)、所述第二定位槽(142)内；当所述定位元件(135)位于所述第一定位槽(141)的槽底时，所述卡合部(120)保持在所述第一位置；当所述定位元件(135)位于所述第二定位槽(142)的槽底时，所述卡合部(120)保持在所述第二位置；
    所述定位元件(135)能够随所述传动部(130)沿所述拆装方向的运 动而脱离所在定位槽，并随所述传动部(130)的旋转而运动到另一个定位槽内。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池包锁紧机构，其特征在于：
    所述锁紧件(100)还包括中空的底壳(150)，伸入所述第二空腔(111)中，并套设于所述传动部(130)的至少一部分外；
    所述端面(140)设置在所述底壳(150)的靠近所述通孔(112)的一端。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的电池包锁紧机构，其特征在于：
    所述定位元件(135)为定位销或凸块，设于所述第二推杆(133)。
  12. 根据权利要求7所述的电池包锁紧机构，其特征在于：
    所述第二推杆(133)在朝向所述开口的一端设有驱动配合槽(160)，用于与所述外部驱动部件相互咬合。
  13. 根据权利要求6所述的电池包锁紧机构，其特征在于：
    所述锁紧件(100)设有多个所述卡合部(120)，所述外壳(110)设有对应的多个所述通孔(112)；所述多个卡合部(120)在所述传动部(130)的带动下进行同步地运动，使所述多个卡合部(120)能同时位于所述第一位置，并能同时位于所述第二位置。
  14. 一种电池包，其特征在于：所述电池包具有法兰(310)，所述法兰(310)具有第三空腔(311)，穿设有如权利要求1到13中任意一项所述的锁紧件(100)。
  15. 一种车辆，其特征在于：包括如权利要求1到13中任意一项所述的电池包锁紧机构；所述锁紧配合件(200)固设在所述车辆上。
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