WO2019131582A1 - 含窒素6員環化合物 - Google Patents
含窒素6員環化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019131582A1 WO2019131582A1 PCT/JP2018/047450 JP2018047450W WO2019131582A1 WO 2019131582 A1 WO2019131582 A1 WO 2019131582A1 JP 2018047450 W JP2018047450 W JP 2018047450W WO 2019131582 A1 WO2019131582 A1 WO 2019131582A1
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- 0 CCc1cc(*)cc(*)c1 Chemical compound CCc1cc(*)cc(*)c1 0.000 description 13
- ALZHYEITUZEZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1c(C#N)[s]cc1 Chemical compound Cc1c(C#N)[s]cc1 ALZHYEITUZEZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QMHIMXFNBOYPND-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1c[s]cn1 Chemical compound Cc1c[s]cn1 QMHIMXFNBOYPND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUDVGGCFVLEQNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(OC(CCN(CCS1)N(CCc2ccc(C(OC)=O)[s]2)C1=O)Cc1cc(Br)c[s]1)=O Chemical compound CC(OC(CCN(CCS1)N(CCc2ccc(C(OC)=O)[s]2)C1=O)Cc1cc(Br)c[s]1)=O FUDVGGCFVLEQNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWGZMZRDVKZKEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN(C(Cc1cc(Br)c[s]1)=O)OC Chemical compound CN(C(Cc1cc(Br)c[s]1)=O)OC NWGZMZRDVKZKEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWXWJPYQMXFWJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC(c1cc(Cl)c(CCN2N(CCC(Cc3cc(C#Cc4c[s]cc4)ccc3)=O)CCSC2=O)[s]1)=O Chemical compound COC(c1cc(Cl)c(CCN2N(CCC(Cc3cc(C#Cc4c[s]cc4)ccc3)=O)CCSC2=O)[s]1)=O HWXWJPYQMXFWJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFIUMYPGHGWVEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC(c1ccc(CCN2N(CCC(Cc3cc(Br)c[s]3)O)CCSC2=O)[s]1)=O Chemical compound COC(c1ccc(CCN2N(CCC(Cc3cc(Br)c[s]3)O)CCSC2=O)[s]1)=O FFIUMYPGHGWVEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKTNPJZPUABLGJ-HXUWFJFHSA-N COCCOCO[C@H](CC=O)Cc1cccc(C#Cc2c[s]cc2)c1 Chemical compound COCCOCO[C@H](CC=O)Cc1cccc(C#Cc2c[s]cc2)c1 YKTNPJZPUABLGJ-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSMMZMYGEVUURX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc([s]1)ccc1Cl Chemical compound Cc([s]1)ccc1Cl JSMMZMYGEVUURX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJMSUOPXSZFRTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1c[s]cc1C#N Chemical compound Cc1c[s]cc1C#N GJMSUOPXSZFRTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSWGIMQGLIBPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1ccc(CC(N(C)OC)=O)cc1Br Chemical compound Cc1ccc(CC(N(C)OC)=O)cc1Br KSWGIMQGLIBPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZWOXDYRBDIHMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1ncc[s]1 Chemical compound Cc1ncc[s]1 VZWOXDYRBDIHMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFFHRIJAKPYWPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC(CCN(CCS1)N(CCc(cc2)ccc2C(O)=O)C1=O)Cc1cccc(Br)c1 Chemical compound OC(CCN(CCS1)N(CCc(cc2)ccc2C(O)=O)C1=O)Cc1cccc(Br)c1 FFFHRIJAKPYWPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDIDVQCYJCSFAN-OAQYLSRUSA-N O[C@H](CCN(CCS1)N(CCc([s]c(C(O)=O)c2)c2Cl)C1=O)Cc1cccc(C#Cc2c[s]cc2)c1 Chemical compound O[C@H](CCN(CCS1)N(CCc([s]c(C(O)=O)c2)c2Cl)C1=O)Cc1cccc(C#Cc2c[s]cc2)c1 HDIDVQCYJCSFAN-OAQYLSRUSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
- A61K31/5395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines having two or more nitrogen atoms in the same ring, e.g. oxadiazines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/54—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame
- A61K31/549—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame having two or more nitrogen atoms in the same ring, e.g. hydrochlorothiazide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P41/00—Drugs used in surgical methods, e.g. surgery adjuvants for preventing adhesion or for vitreum substitution
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D417/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to novel nitrogen-containing six-membered cyclic compounds and medicaments comprising them as an active ingredient.
- a fracture is a state in which a bone is partially or completely broken or deformed due to an external force caused by an accident or falling. Fractures are complete fractures (if broken) and insufficiency fractures (if fractures), simple fractures (if there is a single fracture line) and comminuted fractures (if bones are intricately comminuted), closed fractures (fractured part is extracorporeal And open fractures (if the fracture is exposed outside the body) and so on. Fractures greatly affect the daily activities of patients, and although depending on the fracture site and the presence or absence of dislocation (dislocation) of bones, it takes a considerable period of time to cure them. The condition of bone healing in which metastasis is not corrected is called "deformational healing".
- fractures depend on the site and type of fracture, but due to various factors such as aging, diabetes, and smoking, healing can not be obtained even after 3 to 9 months after injury, "progressive healing", and after injury Even after nine months have passed, symptoms such as "pseudoarthritis” may occur, in which bone healing can not be obtained and suspicion of stopping healing is suspected.
- deformation healing and delayed healing as well as in the case of a pseudoarticular joint, pain and discomfort are felt, and the normal function recovery of the fracture site is not obtained, thus significantly reducing the QOL of fracture patients.
- Osteoporotic fractures occur frequently in the metaphysis and spine of the extremity bones, especially femoral neck fractures, vertebral body compression fractures, distal radius fractures, and proximal humeral fractures are the 4 major fractures in osteoporosis It is positioned as Fractures associated with osteoporosis are difficult to reduce due to their bone fragility, and there is a problem that sufficient fixation can not be obtained even with osteosynthesis, and improper fixation causes deformation healing, prolonged healing, Furthermore, it causes a pseudo-articular.
- Non-patent Document 1 discloses a significant decrease in survival rate after injury.
- fractures especially those associated with osteoporosis, cause serious deterioration of quality of life and serious complications, and also have a significant impact on the prognosis of life, and thus are extremely serious social problems such as increased medical expenses and care burden. It has become.
- the treatment of the present fracture restores the bone condition to the anatomically normal position and fixes it, prevents bone healing such as deformation healing, delayed healing, and false joint by normal bone repair mechanism, as far as possible
- the goal is to restore the functional level before injury.
- An ultrasonic fracture treatment device is used as a treatment that actively promotes the healing of fractures, and as a treatment, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) preparations, parathyroid hormone preparations, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) preparations, etc. are clinically used.
- BMP bone morphogenetic protein
- FGF fibroblast growth factor
- the number of patients with bone diseases such as bone fractures continues to increase year after year despite the use or attempt to use a large number of drugs in this way, for example, the number of patients with femoral neck fractures Is estimated to be 1.7 million in the world as of 1990, and is expected to increase to 6.3 million in 2050. In that sense, development of a revolutionary new drug having an effect of preventing and / or treating bone diseases such as fractures is desired.
- prostaglandin E 2 (hereinafter abbreviated as PGE 2 ) is known to have various physiological actions such as pain-inducing action and uterine contraction action, it is also known well to play an important role in bone metabolism. There is.
- PGE 2 is added to the bone marrow cell culture system, alkaline phosphatase activity, which is a marker for calcified bone-like nodule formation and osteoblast differentiation, is increased.
- PGE 2 is actually administered to experimental animals such as rats and humans, bone formation is enhanced and bone mass is increased.
- PGE 2 can be expected to have an effect of promoting bone formation actively systemically and locally.
- EP2 and EP4 receptors play an important role in bone metabolism, and both are coupled to Gs proteins to mediate intracellular cAMP in osteoblasts. increase. So far, EP2 selective agonists, EP4 selective agonists, or EP2 / EP4 agonists have been developed, and all have shown significant bone forming or fracture healing promoting effects by systemic or local administration in animal models. There is. For example, the compounds described in Patent Documents 1 to 8 are known as compounds acting on PGE receptor.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide novel compounds having excellent EP4 receptor agonist activity.
- the present invention is to provide a novel compound having an excellent agonist activity selective to the EP4 receptor.
- another subject is a novel compound useful as an active ingredient of a medicament for preventing and / or treating a disease associated with EP4 receptor operation, for example, the effectiveness of a medicament for treating and / or healing fractures. It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel compound useful as a component. Yet another object is to provide a medicament containing the compound.
- the compounds of the present invention represented by the following formula (1) exhibited excellent EP4 receptor agonism, particularly in certain aspects of the present invention: It has been found that it has excellent body selective agonism and that these compounds are useful for the prevention and / or treatment of diseases associated with EP4 receptor agonism such as treatment and / or healing of fractures. We came to complete the invention. Providing a compound having EP4 receptor selective agonism is considered to be preferable for the following reasons. That is, in human cultured osteoblasts and bone tissue, EP4 receptor is confirmed in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, whereas EP2 receptor is not recognized (P. Sarrazin, G et al., Prostaglandins Leukot.
- R 1 represents -H or halogen
- Ar 1 is any substituent selected from G 1 group, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 identical or different substituents selected from the group consisting of —F and methyl, provided that Show) and
- G 1 group is A group consisting of (a and b indicate the bonding direction)
- Ar 2 is any one selected from the group G 2 which may be substituted with 1 to 3 identical or different substituents selected from the group consisting of cyano, -Cl, methyl, methoxy and phenyl A substituent of Show) and
- G 2 group is a group consisting of phenyl, thienyl, furyl and thiazolyl; * Indicates asymmetric carbon] Or a salt thereof.
- Ar 1 is The compound or the salt thereof according to the above [1] or [2], which is any substituent selected from the group consisting of
- Ar 1 is The compound or the salt thereof according to the above [1] or [2], which is any substituent selected from the group consisting of
- Ar 1 is Or the salt thereof according to the above [2].
- Ar 1 is The compound or the salt thereof according to the above [1] or [2], which is
- Ar 1 is The compound or the salt thereof according to the above [1] or [2], which is [4-4]
- Ar 1 is The compound or the salt thereof according to the above [1] or [2], which is
- Ar 2 is The compound or its salt as described in said [3] or [4] which is any substituent selected from the group which consists of.
- Ar 2 is The compound or the salt thereof according to any one of the above [1] to [4-4], which is any substituent selected from the group consisting of
- Ar 2 is The compound or its salt as described in said [3] or [4] which is any substituent selected from the group which consists of.
- Ar 2 is The compound or the salt thereof according to any one of the above [1] to [4-4], which is any substituent selected from the group consisting of
- Ar 2 is The compound or its salt as described in said [3] or [4] which is any substituent selected from the group which consists of.
- Ar 2 is The compound or the salt thereof according to any one of the above [1] to [4-4], which is any substituent selected from the group consisting of
- Ar 2 is The compound or the salt thereof according to any one of the above [1] to [4-4], which is any substituent selected from the group consisting of
- Ar 2 is Or the salt thereof according to any one of the above [1] to [4-4].
- Ar 2 is Or the salt thereof according to any one of the above [1] to [4-4].
- Ar 2 is Or the salt thereof according to any one of the above [1] to [4-4].
- Ar 2 is Or the salt thereof according to any one of the above [1] to [4-4].
- R 1 is -H, -Cl or -Br;
- Ar 1 is Any substituent selected from the group consisting of Ar 2 is The compound or the salt thereof according to the above [1], which is any substituent selected from the group consisting of
- R 1 is -H, -Cl or -Br;
- Ar 1 is Any substituent selected from the group consisting of Ar 2 is The compound or the salt thereof according to the above [1], which is any substituent selected from the group consisting of
- R 1 is -H, -Cl or -Br;
- Ar 1 is Any substituent selected from the group consisting of Ar 2 is The compound or the salt thereof according to the above [1], which is any substituent selected from the group consisting of
- R 1 is -H, -Cl or -Br;
- Ar 1 is Any substituent selected from the group consisting of Ar 2 is The compound or the salt thereof according to the above [1], which is any substituent selected from the group consisting of
- a medicament comprising the compound according to any one of the above [1] to [19] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.
- [25] The medicament of the above-mentioned [20] for promoting bone healing.
- [25-2] The medicament according to the above [25] for promoting bone healing in spinal fusion.
- a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of bone fracture comprising a compound according to any one of the above [1] to [19] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof Pharmaceutical composition comprising a carrier.
- a microsphere preparation comprising the compound according to any one of the above [1] to [19] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer.
- the “compound represented by the formula (1) or a salt thereof” (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “the compound of the present invention”) has excellent EP4 agonist activity.
- the compound of the present invention can be used as an active ingredient of a medicament for the prevention and / or treatment of a disease associated with EP4 receptor operation, such as treatment and / or healing of fractures.
- the compounds of the present invention can be used as reagents with EP4 agonist activity.
- a carbon atom may be represented simply by “C”, a hydrogen atom by “H”, an oxygen atom by “O”, a sulfur atom by “S”, and a nitrogen atom by “N” .
- the carbonyl group is simply “-C (O)-"
- the carboxyl group is “-COO-”
- the sulfinyl group is “-S (O)-”
- the sulfonyl group is "-S (O) 2-
- the ether bond may be represented by “-O-” and the thioether bond may be represented by "-S-” (in this case "-” represents a bond).
- alkyl having 1 to 4 carbons means methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and their isomers [normal (n), iso (iso), secondary (sec), tertiary (t) Etc.].
- acyl having 2 to 6 carbon atoms represents acetyl, propanoyl, butanoyl, pentanoyl, hexanoyl, and isomers thereof.
- the alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbon atoms represents methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy and isomers thereof.
- halogen fluoro (-F), chloro (-Cl), bromo (-Br) or iodo (-I) is shown.
- alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylene, alkenylene and alkynylene include linear and branched ones.
- isomers based on double bonds, rings, or fused rings (E or Z isomers, or cis or trans isomers), isomers based on the presence of asymmetric carbon, etc (R- or S-isomers, ⁇ -Or ⁇ -configuration based isomer, enantiomer or diastereomer etc), optically active substance with optical rotation (D- or L-form or d- or l-form), difference in polarity due to chromatogram separation
- All isomers high polar or low polar
- equilibrium compounds rotamers, or a mixture of any ratio of these, or a racemic mixture are all included in the present invention.
- R 1 -H or halogen is exemplified.
- Another embodiment is exemplified by -H, -Cl or -Br.
- Yet another embodiment is exemplified by -H.
- Ar 1 is any substituent selected from the group G 1 , which may be substituted by 1 to 3 identical or different substituents selected from the group consisting of —F and methyl, provided that Is excluded).
- G 1 group is (A, b indicate the bonding direction).
- Another embodiment of the group consisting of -F and methyl is exemplified by -F, and another embodiment is exemplified by methyl.
- G 1 group Is illustrated.
- Ar 1 is substituted with 1 to 3 identical or different substituents selected from the group consisting of -F and methyl
- another embodiment is selected from the group consisting of -F and methyl
- Ar 2 is optionally selected from G 2 group which may be substituted with 1 to 3 identical or different substituents selected from the group consisting of cyano, -Cl, methyl, methoxy and phenyl A substituent (but Is excluded).
- G 2 group is a group consisting of phenyl, thienyl, furyl and thiazolyl.
- group consisting of cyano, -Cl, methyl, methoxy and phenyl cyano is exemplified.
- Another embodiment of the G 2 group is exemplified by the group consisting of thienyl and furyl.
- Thienyl is illustrated as another aspect of G 2 group.
- Another aspect of Ar 2 is And any substituent selected from the group consisting of
- the “compound represented by the formula (1)” is generally understood as a free compound represented by the formula (1). Moreover, the following salts are mentioned as the salt.
- the salt of the compound represented by the formula (1) is not particularly limited in kind and may be either an acid addition salt or a base addition salt, and may be in the form of an intramolecular counter ion .
- a pharmaceutically acceptable salt is preferable as the salt.
- the salt of the compound of formula (1) is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
- acid addition salts include acid addition salts with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, or phosphoric acid, or formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid Acid addition salt with an organic acid such as succinic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, dibenzoyltartaric acid, mandelic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, aspartic acid or glutamic acid Is included.
- inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, or phosphoric acid, or formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid
- Acid addition salt with an organic acid such as succinic acid, methanesul
- base addition salts for example, base addition salts with inorganic bases such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, aluminum etc., and base addition salts with organic bases such as methylamine, 2-aminoethanol, arginine, lysine or ornithine Etc. can be illustrated.
- organic bases such as methylamine, 2-aminoethanol, arginine, lysine or ornithine Etc.
- type of salt is not limited to these and can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art.
- the compounds of the present invention include hydrate forms.
- the compounds of the invention also include the anhydrous form.
- the compounds of the present invention include solvate forms.
- the compounds of the invention also include non-solvated forms.
- the compounds of the invention include crystalline forms.
- the compounds of the present invention also include amorphous forms. More specifically, the compound of the present invention comprises an anhydride and non-solvate of "the compound represented by the formula (1)", or a hydrate and / or a solvate thereof, or further, a crystal thereof including.
- the compound of the present invention includes anhydrate and non-solvate of "a salt of a compound represented by the formula (1)", or a hydrate and / or a solvate of a salt thereof, or further, their crystals Including.
- the compounds of the present invention may also include pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs of "compounds of formula (1)".
- the pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug is a compound having a group that can be converted to an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group and the like by solvolysis or under physiological conditions.
- a group which forms a prodrug about a hydroxyl group and an amino group an acyl group and an alkoxy carbonyl group are illustrated, for example.
- a group forming a prodrug for a carboxyl group for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, s-butyl group, t-butyl group, amino group, A methylamino group, an ethylamino group, a dimethylamino group or a diethylamino group is exemplified.
- a group for forming a prodrug is appropriately introduced according to a conventional method to one or more arbitrary groups selected from a hydroxyl group and an amino group in the compound of the present invention If desired, it can be produced by isolation and purification according to a conventional method.
- a prodrug forming reagent such as a corresponding alcohol or amine can be used to introduce a group for forming a prodrug as appropriate according to a conventional method.
- the compounds of the invention may have asymmetric carbons.
- the stereochemistry of these asymmetric carbons is not particularly limited, and may be either S configuration or R configuration, or a mixture of both. All of these asymmetric carbon-based pure forms of optically active forms or stereoisomers such as diastereoisomers, arbitrary mixtures of stereoisomers, racemates and the like are included in the compounds of the present invention.
- the configuration thereof is not particularly limited, but the configuration shown below is one of the preferred embodiments.
- the above configuration if Ar 1 is benzene ring in Group G 1 If S configuration, Ar 1 is thiophene ring in Group G 1 is R configuration.
- the compounds of the present invention are novel compounds not described in the literature.
- the compound of the present invention can be produced, for example, by the following method, but the method of producing the compound of the present invention is not limited to the following method.
- reaction time is not particularly limited in each reaction, but the progress of the reaction can be easily traced by the analysis means described later, and therefore, the reaction may be completed at the time when the yield of the desired product is maximized.
- each reaction can be carried out under an inert gas atmosphere such as, for example, under a nitrogen stream or an argon stream, if necessary.
- the reaction when protection by a protecting group and subsequent deprotection are required, the reaction can be appropriately performed by using the method described later.
- protective groups used in the present invention that is, a protective group for a carboxyl group (-COOH), a protective group for a hydroxyl group (-OH), a protective group for an alkynyl, and a protective group for an amino group (-NH 2 ) can be mentioned.
- the protective group for carboxyl includes, for example, alkyl having 1 to 4 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 4 carbons, alkyl having 1 to 4 carbons substituted with alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbons, 1 to 3 And C 1-4 alkyl substituted by halogen and the like, and specific examples thereof include methyl, ethyl, t-butyl, allyl, methoxyethyl, trichloroethyl and the like.
- Examples of the protective group for hydroxyl group include alkyl having 1 to 4 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 4 carbons, alkyl having 1 to 4 carbons substituted with alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbons, and 1 to 4 Silyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuryl, propargyl, trimethylsilylethyl substituted by 3 halogen-substituted alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, 3 identical or different 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or phenyl Specifically, methyl, ethyl, t-butyl, allyl, methoxymethyl (MOM), methoxyethyl (MEM), trichloroethyl, phenyl, methylphenyl, chlorophenyl, benzyl, methylbenzyl, chlorobenzyl, Dichlorobenzyl, fluorobenzyl, trifluoromethylbenzyl, nitrobenzene Zyl,
- Examples of the protecting group for alkynyl include trimethylsilyl and 2-hydroxy-2-propyl.
- Examples of the protecting group for amino group include benzyl, methylbenzyl, chlorobenzyl, dichlorobenzyl, fluorobenzyl, trifluoromethylbenzyl, nitrobenzyl, methoxyphenyl, N-methylaminobenzyl, N, N-dimethylaminobenzyl, phenacyl, Acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, pivaloyl, benzoyl, allyloxycarbonyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, t-butoxycarbonyl (Boc), 1-methyl-1- (4-biphenyl) ethoxycarbonyl ( Bpoc), 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl, benzyloxymethyl (BOM), or 2- (trimethylsilyl) ethoxymethyl (SEM).
- the protective group can be converted to the target compound by deprotection in the middle or at the final step of the production process simultaneously with or sequentially with the production.
- the protection / deprotection reaction may be carried out according to a known method, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, published by John Wiley and Sons (2007 edition), and the like. It can implement by the method etc. which were mentioned to 6).
- the deprotection reaction by alkaline hydrolysis is carried out, for example, by reacting with a base in a polar solvent.
- the base used herein include alkali metal bases such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium methoxide, potassium t-butoxide, etc.
- Organic bases such as triethylamine may be mentioned.
- the amount thereof used is usually 1 to 20 times by mole, preferably 1 to 10 times by mole in the case of an alkali metal base, and 1 to 10 times by mole in the case of an organic base. The amount is illustrated.
- the reaction solvent is usually reacted in an inert medium, preferably a polar solvent, which does not disturb the reaction.
- the polar solvent may, for example, be water, methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran or dioxane, and these can be used as a mixture as required.
- the reaction temperature is selected, for example, from -10.degree. C. to the reflux temperature of the solvent.
- the reaction time is, for example, usually 0.5 to 72 hours, preferably 1 to 48 hours, when an alkali metal base is used, and usually 5 hours to 14 days when an organic base is used. Since it is possible to follow the course of the reaction by thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or the like, the reaction may be terminated as appropriate when the yield of the target compound is maximized.
- TLC thin layer chromatography
- HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
- the deprotection reaction under acidic conditions is carried out, for example, in an organic solvent (dichloromethane, chloroform, dioxane, ethyl acetate or anisole etc.), an organic acid (acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid or p-toluenesulfone) Acid, etc.), Lewis acid (boron tribromide, boron trifluoride, aluminum bromide, aluminum chloride etc.) or inorganic acid (hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid etc.) or a mixture thereof (hydrogen bromide / acetic acid etc.), It is carried out at a temperature of -10 to 100.degree. There is also a method of adding ethanethiol or 1,2-ethanedithiol as an additive.
- the deprotection reaction by hydrogenolysis is carried out, for example, with a solvent (ether type (tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane or diethyl ether etc), alcohol type (methanol or ethanol etc), benzene type (benzene or toluene etc) , Ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone etc.), nitriles (acetonitrile etc.), amides (dimethylformamide etc.), esters (ethyl acetate etc.), water, acetic acid, or a mixture of two or more thereof
- a catalyst palladium carbon powder, platinum oxide (PtO 2 ), activated nickel, etc.
- a hydrogen source such as hydrogen gas under normal pressure or pressure, ammonium formate, or hydrazine hydrate, etc. It is carried out at a temperature of 60.degree.
- the deprotection reaction of the silyl group is carried out, for example, using tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride or the like in a water-miscible organic solvent (such as tetrahydrofuran or acetonitrile) at a temperature of -10 to 60 ° C.
- a water-miscible organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or acetonitrile
- the deprotection reaction using a metal is carried out, for example, in the presence of powdered zinc in an acidic solvent (acetic acid, buffer solution of pH 4.2 to 7.2 or a mixture of a solution thereof and an organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran). C., with or without sonication, at a temperature of -10.degree.-60.degree.
- an acidic solvent acetic acid, buffer solution of pH 4.2 to 7.2 or a mixture of a solution thereof and an organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran
- a deprotection reaction using a metal complex can be carried out, for example, in an organic solvent (dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, dioxane, or ethanol etc.), water or a mixture thereof, trap reagent (tributyltin hydride , Triethylsilane, dimedone, morpholine, diethylamine, or pyrrolidine, etc., organic acids (such as acetic acid, formic acid, or 2-ethylhexanoic acid) and / or organic acid salts (sodium 2-ethylhexanoate or 2-ethylhexanoic acid) Metal complexes [tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium (0), bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium dichloride (II), acetic acid in the presence of potassium) and in the presence or absence of
- the compounds of the present invention represented by the formula (1) can be produced, for example, according to the following reaction route.
- “STEP” means a step, and for example, “STEP 1-1” indicates that it is step 1-1.
- Step 1-1 Compounds of formula (1) are those wherein (2) [Formula (2), "Pro 1" is a protecting group for the carboxyl in Formula (1). Can be prepared by deprotecting the protecting group Pro 1 . The deprotection reaction may be carried out according to a known method, such as the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, published by John Wiley and Sons (2007 edition).
- Pro 1 is not particularly limited as long as it is the above-mentioned carboxyl protecting group, and examples thereof include alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Step 1-2 Compound represented by the formula (2) is in the formula (3) wherein (3), "Pro 2" indicates a protecting group of a hydroxyl group in the formula (1). “Pro 1 ” is as defined above. ] In the compound shown by these, it can manufacture by deprotecting a protecting group. The deprotection reaction may be carried out according to a known method, such as the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, published by John Wiley and Sons (2007 edition).
- Pro 2 is not particularly limited as long as it is the above-mentioned hydroxyl-protecting group, but Pro 2 is preferably other than TMS in order to selectively deprotect with TMS in the formula (5).
- Examples of Pro 2 include tert-butyl group, MOM group, MEM group, THP group, acetyl group, or TBDMS group.
- Process 1-3 Compound represented by the formula (3) is in the formula (4) wherein (4), "Pro 1", “Pro 2" are as defined above.
- the amount of the compound represented by the formula (11) used is 1/5 to the compound represented by the formula (4) 20 equivalents can be used, preferably 1/2 to 10 equivalents, more preferably 1 to 5 equivalents.
- the amount of the compound represented by Formula (11) may be appropriately designed in consideration of the purity, the yield, the purification efficiency and the like of the compound represented by Formula (4).
- the base for example, cesium carbonate, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate can be used, and preferably cesium carbonate.
- the amount of the base used can be used in an equivalent to excess amount with respect to the compound represented by the formula (4) as a raw material, for example, 1 to 10 equivalents are exemplified, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents.
- the palladium catalyst examples include tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, tetrakis (methyldiphenylphosphine) palladium, dichlorobis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, dichlorobis (tri-o-tolylphosphine) palladium, dichlorobis (tricyclohexylphosphine) palladium, dichlorobis (Triethylphosphine) palladium, palladium acetate, palladium chloride, bis (acetonitrile) palladium, bis (dibenzylideneacetone) palladium, tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium, bis (diphenylphosphinoferrocene) palladium chloride and the like which are commercially available Catalyst may be added to the reaction system as it is, or palladium acetate, tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalla
- the prepared, isolated catalyst may be added separately from any ligand.
- the prepared, isolated catalyst may be added.
- a catalyst which is considered to be actually involved in the reaction in the reaction system may be prepared by mixing palladium acetate, tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium and the like with an arbitrary ligand.
- the valence of palladium may be 0 or +2.
- bis (acetonitrile) palladium chloride is mentioned as a preferred example.
- triphenyl phosphine As a ligand used when preparing a palladium catalyst from arbitrary ligands, triphenyl phosphine, tri (o-tolyl) phosphine, tri (cyclohexyl) phosphine, tri (t- butyl) phosphine, dicyclohexyl phenyl Phosphine, 1,1′-bis (di-t-butylphosphino) ferrocene, 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′-dimethylamino-1,1′-biphenyl, 2- (di-t-butylphosphino) biphenyl And phosphine ligands such as 2- (dicyclohexylphosphino) biphenyl, 2,2'-bis (diphenylphosphino) -1,1'-binaphthyl, xanthophos, tri (tert-butyl)
- 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2 ', 6'-dimethoxybiphenyl, 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2', 4 ', 6'-triisopropylbiphenyl, 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethyl-1' (Di-t-butylphosphino) ferrocene and the like are also exemplified, but preferably 2-dicyclohexyl-2 ′, 4 ′, 6′-triisopropylbiphenyl is mentioned.
- the equivalent number of the palladium catalyst to be used may be equivalent or catalytic amount, but it is preferably 0.01 mol% or more, particularly preferably 0.10 to 50.0 mol% with respect to the raw material compound.
- the solvent used for the reaction include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, acetonitrile, xylene, toluene, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and the like, with acetonitrile being a preferred example. Moreover, these solvents can also be used in mixture of 2 or more types.
- the reaction temperature can be usually from -40 ° C to 100 ° C, preferably from -20 ° C to 60 ° C.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.5 to 48 hours, and preferably 1 to 24 hours.
- Step 1-4 Compounds of formula (4) has the formula (5) wherein (5) "Pro 1", “Pro 2" are as defined above. Can be produced by selectively deprotecting TMS. The deprotection reaction may be carried out according to a known method, such as the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, published by John Wiley and Sons (2007 edition).
- the compound represented by the formula (5) can be produced by reacting an inorganic base in an organic solvent.
- the inorganic base for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium carbonate, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate can be used, preferably potassium carbonate.
- the amount of the base used can be used in an equivalent to excess amount with respect to the compound represented by the formula (5) as a raw material, for example, 1 to 10 equivalents are exemplified, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents.
- the solvent used for the reaction includes methanol and ethanol, and methanol is a preferable example.
- the reaction temperature can be usually from -20 ° C to 60 ° C, preferably from 0 ° C to 40 ° C.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.5 to 48 hours, and preferably 1 to 24 hours.
- Step 1-5 Compounds of formula (5) is in the formula (6) [(6), "Pro 1", “Pro 2" are as defined above. In the formula (6), “hal 2" indicates bromo or iodo. ]
- the compound shown by Formula (13) can be manufactured by coupling in the organic solvent in presence of an inorganic base.
- the compound can be produced according to the same method as step 1-3, wherein the amount of the compound represented by the formula (13) used is 1/5 to 20 equivalents to the compound represented by the formula (6) Preferably, it is 1/2 to 10 equivalents, more preferably 1 to 5 equivalents.
- Process 1-6 Compounds of formula (6) is in the formula (7) wherein (7), "Pro 1", “hal 2" are as defined above. ] It can manufacture by protecting the hydroxyl group of the compound shown.
- the hydroxyl group protection reaction may be carried out according to a known method, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, published by John Wiley and Sons (2007 edition).
- the protective group for hydroxyl group is not particularly limited as long as it is the above-mentioned protective group for hydroxyl group, and, for example, tert-butyl group, MOM group, MEM group, THP group, acetyl group or TBDMS group can be used.
- Step 1-7 Compounds of formula (7), the compound wherein (9) of the formula (9), "Pro 1", “hal 2" are as defined above. ] Can be produced by reacting a reducing agent in an organic solvent.
- a reducing agent for example, sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride, triacetoxyborohydride, cyanoborohydride and the like can be used, preferably sodium borohydride.
- the amount of the reducing agent used can be 1/4 equivalent to an excess amount relative to the compound represented by the formula (9) as a raw material, for example, 1/4 equivalent to 10 equivalents is exemplified, preferably 1 equivalent to 5 equivalents.
- the reaction temperature can be usually from -20 ° C to 60 ° C, preferably from 0 ° C to 40 ° C.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.5 to 48 hours, and preferably 1 to 24 hours.
- Step 1-8 Compounds of formula (9), a compound represented by the formula (10) wherein (10), "Pro 1" are as defined above.
- the amount of the compound represented by the formula (14) can be used in an equivalent to excess amount with respect to the compound represented by the formula (10) as a raw material, for example, the equivalent to 10 equivalents are exemplified, preferably 1 equivalent To 5 equivalents.
- a solvent used for reaction methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, or the mixed solvent of them and water is mentioned, Ethanol is mentioned as a preferable example.
- the reaction temperature can be usually 0 ° C. to 120 ° C., preferably 40 ° C. to 100 ° C.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.5 to 48 hours, and preferably 1 to 24 hours.
- Step 1-9 Compound represented by the formula (3) are those wherein (6) [(6), "Pro 1", “Pro 2", “hal 2" are as defined above.
- the compound can be produced from the compound represented by the general formula (12) and the compound represented by the general formula (12) according to the same method as step 1-3.
- the amount of the compound represented by the formula (12) can be used in an amount of 1/5 to 20 equivalents, preferably 1/2 to 10 equivalents, to the compound represented by the formula (6). More preferably, it is 1 equivalent to 5 equivalents.
- Step 1-10 Compound represented by the formula (2) are those wherein (8) [(8), "Pro 1" are as defined above. In some cases, the compound can be produced according to the same method as in Step 1-7.
- Step 1-11 Compounds of formula (8), in the equation (9) [Formula (9), "Pro 1" are as defined above. Among the compounds represented by the formula], compounds wherein “hal 2 ” is an iodine atom and a compound represented by the formula (12) are produced by coupling in the presence of a base, a copper catalyst and a palladium catalyst. In the reaction of the compound represented by the formula (9) with the compound represented by the formula (12), the amount of the compound represented by the formula (12) used is 1/5 to the compound represented by the formula (9) Although 20 equivalents can be used, preferably 1/2 to 10 equivalents, more preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, the purity, yield, purification efficiency, etc. of the compound represented by the formula (8) are taken into consideration. And design appropriately.
- a base for example, triethylamine, diethylamine, diisopropylamine, diisopropylethylamine, morpholine, piperidine, pyridine and the like can be used, preferably a diester amine.
- the amount of the base used can be used in an equivalent to excess amount with respect to the compound represented by the formula (9) as a raw material, for example, 1 to 10 equivalents are exemplified, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents.
- the copper catalyst examples include copper (I) iodide, copper (I) bromide, copper (I) chloride and the like, with preference given to copper (I) iodide.
- the equivalent number of the copper catalyst to be used may be equivalent or catalytic amount, but it is preferably 0.01 mol% or more, particularly preferably 0.10-50.0 mol% with respect to the raw material compound.
- the palladium catalyst examples include tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, tetrakis (methyldiphenylphosphine) palladium, dichlorobis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, dichlorobis (tri-o-tolylphosphine) palladium, dichlorobis (tricyclohexylphosphine) palladium, dichlorobis ( Triethylphosphine) palladium, palladium acetate, palladium chloride, bis (acetonitrile) palladium, bis (dibenzylideneacetone) palladium, tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium, bis (diphenylphosphinoferrocene) palladium chloride and the like commercially available catalysts May be added directly to the reaction system, or separately prepared from palladium acetate, tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium, etc.
- a separate catalyst may be added.
- a catalyst which is considered to be actually involved in the reaction in the reaction system may be prepared by mixing palladium acetate, tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium and the like with an arbitrary ligand.
- the valence of palladium may be 0 or +2.
- tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium is mentioned as a preferred example.
- the equivalent number of the palladium catalyst to be used may be equivalent or catalytic amount, but it is preferably 0.01 mol% or more, particularly preferably 0.10 to 50.0 mol% with respect to the raw material compound.
- Examples of the solvent used for the reaction include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, acetonitrile, xylene, toluene, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and the like, and the reaction may be carried out without solvent. it can. Preferred examples include solventless.
- the reaction temperature can be usually from -40 ° C to 100 ° C, preferably from -20 ° C to 60 ° C.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.5 to 48 hours, and preferably 1 to 24 hours.
- Process 1-12 Compounds of formula (8), wherein (10) wherein (10), "Pro 1" are as defined above.
- the compound can be produced from the compound represented by the formula] and the compound represented by the formula (15) according to the same method as in step 1-8.
- Process 2-1 In the compound represented by the formula (10), in the formula (A1) (in the formula (A1), “Pro 1 ” is as defined above.
- the compound represented by the above can be produced by reacting a base in an organic solvent.
- a base for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate or potassium carbonate can be used, preferably sodium hydrogencarbonate.
- the amount of the base used can be used in an equivalent to excess amount with respect to the compound represented by the formula (10) as a raw material, for example, 1 to 20 equivalents are exemplified, preferably 1 to 10 equivalents.
- Sodium iodide can be used as an additive, and the amount used can be used in an equivalent to excess amount with respect to the compound represented by the formula (10) as a raw material, for example, 1 equivalent to 10 equivalents are exemplified. Preferably, it is 1 equivalent to 5 equivalents.
- the organic solvent used in the reaction include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, acetonitrile, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, diethyl ether, or a mixed solvent thereof, with preferred examples being acetonitrile.
- the reaction temperature can be generally 0 ° C. to 100 ° C., preferably 20 ° C. to 60 ° C.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.5 to 48 hours, and preferably 1 to 24 hours.
- Process 2-2 The compound represented by the formula (A1) is represented by the formula (A2) [in the formula (A2), “Pro 1 ” is as defined above. ] In the compound shown by these, it can manufacture by deprotecting a protecting group.
- the deprotection reaction may be carried out according to a known method, such as the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, published by John Wiley and Sons (2007 edition).
- Step 2-3 The compound represented by the formula (A2) is represented by the formula (A3) [in the formula (A3), “Pro 1 ” is as defined above.
- These compounds can be produced by reacting a chlorothioformate ester such as chlorothioformate (2-chloroethyl) in the presence of a base.
- the chlorothio formate used can be used in an equivalent to excess amount with respect to the compound represented by the formula (A2) as a raw material, for example, 1 to 5 equivalents are exemplified, preferably 1 to 2 equivalents. .
- sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, diisopropylethylamine, triethylamine or the like can be used, preferably sodium hydrogencarbonate.
- the solvent used for the reaction include dichloromethane, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, acetonitrile and the like, preferably dichloromethane.
- the reaction temperature may be 0 ° C. to 100 ° C., preferably 10 ° C. to 30 ° C.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 hour to 24 hours, and preferably 2 hours to 4 hours.
- Step 2-4 In the compound represented by the formula (A3), in the formula (A4) [in the formula (A4), “Pro 1 ” is as defined above.
- a base for example, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, diisopropylethylamine, triethylamine or the like can be used, preferably sodium hydrogencarbonate.
- the amount of the base used is, for example, 1 to 20 equivalents, preferably 3 to 5 equivalents, relative to the compound represented by the formula (A4) as a raw material.
- Sodium iodide etc. can be used as an additive.
- the reaction temperature is usually from room temperature to 150 ° C., preferably 70 ° C. to 100 ° C. While the reaction time is not particularly limited, it may be, for example, 3 hours to 36 hours, preferably 6 hours to 18 hours.
- Step 2-5 In the compound represented by the formula (A4), in the formula (A5) (in the formula (A5), “Pro 1 ” is as defined above. It can manufacture by substituting the hydroxyl group of the compound shown]] by a bromo. The substitution reaction to bromo can be carried out, for example, with carbon tetrabromide or N-bromosuccinimide and the like in the presence of triphenylphosphine and the like. The amount of triphenylphosphine used is, for example, 1 to 5 equivalents, preferably 1 to 2 equivalents, relative to the compound represented by the formula (A5) as a raw material.
- the amount of carbon tetrabromide and the like to be used is, for example, 1 to 5 equivalents, preferably 1 to 2 equivalents, relative to the compound represented by the formula (A5) as a raw material.
- the solvent used for the reaction include dichloromethane, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, acetonitrile and the like, preferably dichloromethane.
- the reaction temperature can be usually from -20 ° C to 40 ° C, preferably from -10 ° C to 10 ° C.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, but is usually 3 hours to 36 hours, and preferably 12 hours to 20 hours.
- Step 2-6 The compound represented by the formula (A5) can be produced by deprotecting the hydroxyl protecting group of the compound represented by the formula (A6). Deprotection may be carried out according to a known method, for example, the method described in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, published by John Wiley and Sons (2007 edition).
- Step 2-6 The compound represented by the formula (A5) can be produced by converting the carboxylic acid of the compound represented by the formula (A6) into an ester and deprotecting the hydroxyl protecting group.
- the reaction can proceed in an alcohol solvent in the presence of an acid.
- an acid sulfuric acid, hydrogen chloride, methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid and the like can be mentioned, with preference given to sulfuric acid.
- As the solvent methanol, ethanol or the like can be used, and methanol is mentioned as a preferred example.
- the reaction temperature is usually from room temperature to 140 ° C., preferably 50 ° C. to 80 ° C.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, but is usually 2 hours to 24 hours, and preferably 8 hours to 16 hours.
- the compound represented by the formula (A6) can be produced by reacting a compound represented by the formula (A7) with a strong base and then reacting with carbon dioxide or the like.
- a strong base diisopropyllithium amide or lithiumamide such as lithium hexamethyldisilazide can be used, and when R 1 is hydrogen, n-butyllithium, s-butyllithium or n- Lower alkyllithiums such as propyllithium can also be used, and it is preferred to use diisopropyllithium amide.
- the amount of the strong base used is, for example, 1 equivalent to 3 equivalents, preferably 1 equivalent to 2 equivalents, relative to the compound represented by the formula (A7) as a raw material.
- the solvent used for the reaction examples include tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, 1,4-dioxane and the like, with preference given to tetrahydrofuran.
- the reaction temperature with a strong base can usually be carried out at -100 ° C to -20 ° C, preferably -80 ° C to -60 ° C.
- the subsequent reaction with carbon dioxide or the like can usually be carried out at -40 ° C to 40 ° C, preferably -20 ° C to 10 ° C.
- the reaction time with a strong base is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.2 hours to 3 hours, and is preferably 0.5 hours to 1 hour.
- the reaction time with carbon dioxide and the like is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.5 hours to 24 hours, and is preferably 0.75 hours to 2 hours as a preferred example.
- Process 2-8 The compound represented by the formula (A7) can be produced by protecting the hydroxyl group of the compound represented by the formula (A8) with TBDMS.
- the hydroxyl group can be protected using the same method as in step 1-6.
- R 1 in the formula (A8) is H is a commercially available compound (2- (thiophen-2-yl) ethanol: manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.). Therefore, when R 1 in the formula (A8) is H, the following steps are unnecessary.
- Process 2-9 In the compound represented by the formula (A8), in the formula (A9) [In the formula (A9), “Pro 3 ” represents a carboxyl protecting group in the formula (A8). Can be produced by reducing the ester group of the compound represented by the formula]. That is, as Pro 3 , for example, alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms can be used.
- lithium aluminum hydride for example, lithium aluminum hydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride, lithium triethyl borane hydride and the like can be used, preferably lithium aluminum hydride.
- the amount of the reducing agent used is, for example, 0.5 to 5 molar equivalents with respect to the compound represented by the formula (A9) as a raw material, and is preferably 1 to 2 molar equivalents.
- reaction temperature can be usually from -10 ° C to 20 ° C, preferably from -5 ° C to 5 ° C.
- reaction time is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.08 hours to 0.5 hours, and preferably 0.15 hours to 0.3 hours.
- the compounds of formula (A9) can be prepared, for example, by solvolysis of the compounds of formula (A10) in an alcohol in the presence of an acid.
- an acid sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid or hydrogen chloride can be used, preferably sulfuric acid.
- the amount of sulfuric acid to be used is, for example, 0.0001 to 0.005 molar equivalent, preferably 0.0002 to 0.001 molar equivalent, with respect to the compound represented by the formula (A10) as a raw material.
- the alcohol used as the solvent for example, ethanol, methanol, n-propanol, n-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol and the like can be used.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, but is usually 6 hours to 48 hours, and preferably 16 hours to 24 hours.
- the compound represented by the formula (A10) can be produced by reacting the compound represented by the formula (A11) with hydrocyanic acid.
- cyanide sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide etc. can be used, for example.
- the amount of cyanide to be used is, for example, 1 to 5 equivalents, preferably 1 to 2 equivalents, relative to the compound represented by the formula (A10) as a raw material.
- a solvent used for the reaction tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, dimethylsulfoxide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, or N, N-dimethylformamide can be used, and a mixed solvent of acetonitrile and dimethylsulfoxide is mentioned as a preferred example.
- the reaction temperature can be generally 0 ° C. to 60 ° C., preferably 10 ° C. to 40 ° C.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0.5 to 20 hours, preferably 2 to 6 hours.
- Process 2-12 The compound represented by the formula (A11) can be produced by converting the hydroxyl group of the compound represented by the formula (A12) into bromo.
- the conversion to bromo may be carried out in the same manner as in step 2-5.
- the compound represented by the formula (A12) can be produced by reducing the carboxyl group of a commercially available compound represented by the formula (A13) to a hydroxyl group.
- a reducing agent for example, borane-dimethyl sulfide, borane-tetrahydrofuran and the like can be used, preferably borane-tetrahydrofuran.
- the amount of the reducing agent used is, for example, 1 molar equivalent to 5 molar equivalents, preferably 1 molar equivalent to 2 molar equivalents, with respect to the compound represented by the formula (A13) as a raw material.
- Tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether etc. can be used as a solvent used for reaction, Tetrahydrofuran is mentioned as a preferable example.
- the reaction temperature can be generally 0 ° C. to 60 ° C., preferably 10 ° C. to 40 ° C.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, but is exemplified by 4 hours to 24 hours, and 10 hours to 18 hours is mentioned as a preferred example.
- Step 3-1 The compound represented by the formula (15) can be produced by reacting the compound represented by the formula (W1) with a vinylation reagent in an organic solvent.
- a vinylation reagent for example, vinylmagnesium bromide, vinylmagnesium chloride or vinyllithium can be used, preferably vinylmagnesium bromide or vinylmagnesium chloride.
- Vinylmagnesium bromide and vinylmagnesium chloride can be used as tetrahydrofuran, diethylether or toluene solutions, preferably tetrahydrofuran solutions.
- the amount of the vinylation reagent can be used in an equivalent to excess amount with respect to the compound represented by the formula (W1) as a raw material, for example, 1 to 10 equivalents are exemplified, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents .
- a solvent used for the reaction toluene, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane or a mixture thereof is mentioned, and tetrahydrofuran or 1,2-dimethoxyethane is mentioned as a preferred example.
- the reaction temperature can be usually from -78 ° C to 0 ° C, preferably from -50 ° C to 0 ° C.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.5 to 24 hours, and preferably 1 to 12 hours.
- Process 3-2 In the compound represented by the formula (W1), in the formula (W2) [in the formula (W2), “hal 2 ” is as defined above. ] And a compound represented by the formula (12) according to the same method as in Step 1-3. At this time, the amount of the compound represented by the formula (12) can be used in an amount of 1/5 to 20 equivalents, preferably 1/2 to 10 equivalents, to the compound represented by the formula (W2). More preferably, it is 1 equivalent to 5 equivalents.
- Step 3-3 In the compound represented by the formula (W2), in the formula (W3) (in the formula (W3), “hal 2 ” is as defined above.
- the amount of N, O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride used is equivalent to that of the compound represented by the formula (W3)
- An excess amount can be used, for example, 1 to 10 equivalents are exemplified, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, but in consideration of the purity, yield, purification efficiency and the like of the compound represented by the formula (W3) It may be designed appropriately.
- a base for example, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, 1,4-diazabicyclo [2,2,2] octane, or N, N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine can be used, with preference given to diisopropylethylamine.
- the amount of the base used can be used in an equivalent to excess amount with respect to the sum of the equivalent of the compound represented by the formula (W3) as the raw material and the equivalent of N, O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride. 10 equivalents are exemplified, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents.
- Dehydrating condensation agents include N, N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, N, N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide, N-cyclohexyl-N '-(2-morpholinoethyl) Carbodiimide-p-toluenesulfonate, N, N'-carbonyldiimidazole, 4- (4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) -4-methylmorpholinium chloride, 1H- Benzotriazol-1-yloxy-tris (dimethylphosphonium) hexafluorophosphate, 1H-benzotriazol-1-yloxy-tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate, O- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N ', N'-Tetramethyl
- the amount of the dehydrating condensing agent can be used in an equivalent to excess amount with respect to the equivalent of the compound represented by the formula (W3) as a raw material, for example, 1 to 10 equivalents are exemplified, preferably 1 to 5 It is an equivalent.
- N, N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine or the like can be added as an activating agent.
- the amount of the activating agent used can be a catalytic amount to an excess amount with respect to the equivalent of the compound represented by the formula (W3) as a raw material, and is, for example, 0.01 to 5 equivalents, preferably 0. 1 equivalent to 1 equivalent.
- the solvent used for the reaction examples include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, acetonitrile, xylene, toluene, 1,4-dioxane, dichloromethane, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran and the like. And dichloromethane are preferred examples. Moreover, these solvents can also be used in mixture of 2 or more types.
- the reaction temperature can be generally 0 ° C. to 100 ° C., preferably 20 ° C. to 60 ° C.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.5 to 48 hours, and preferably 1 to 24 hours.
- Step 3-4 Compounds of formula (14) are those wherein (W2) [Formula (W2), "hal 2" are as defined above. Can be produced in the same manner as in step 3-1.
- Step 3-5 In the compound represented by the formula (W3), in the formula (W4) (in the formula (W4), “hal 2 ” is as defined above.
- the dilute sulfuric acid used in the reaction can be used by appropriately diluting concentrated sulfuric acid or dilute sulfuric acid, and the concentration thereof is, for example, 0.1 mol / liter to 15 mol / liter, preferably 1 mol / liter to 10 mol. / Liter.
- the use amount of the dilute sulfuric acid can be used in excess with respect to the compound represented by the formula (W4), and may be appropriately designed in consideration of the yield, purification efficiency and the like.
- the reaction temperature can be usually 20 ° C. to 100 ° C., preferably 60 ° C. to 100 ° C.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.5 to 48 hours, and preferably 1 to 24 hours.
- 3-bromophenylacetic acid, 3-iodophenylacetic acid and 3-bromo-4-fluorophenylacetic acid are commercially available compounds and can be obtained from Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- 2- (4-Bromothiophen-2-yl) -acetic acid is a commercially available compound available from APOLLO.
- Process 3-6 In the compound represented by the formula (W4), in the formula (W5) (in the formula (W5), “hal 2 ” is as defined above.
- the cyanide compound sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide, copper cyanide and the like can be used, preferably sodium cyanide and potassium cyanide.
- the amount of the cyan compound used can be used in an equivalent to excess amount with respect to the compound represented by the formula (W5) as a raw material, for example, 1 to 10 equivalents are exemplified, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents.
- As a solvent used for reaction methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, water, or these mixed solvents etc.
- the mixed solvent in the ratio of 2 to 1 of ethanol and water is mentioned as a preferable example.
- the reaction temperature can be generally 0 ° C. to 100 ° C., preferably 20 ° C. to 100 ° C.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.5 to 24 hours, and preferably 1 to 12 hours.
- Step 3-7 In the compound represented by the formula (W5), in the formula (W6) (in the formula (W6), “hal 2 ” is as defined above. Can be produced by brominating the compound represented by the formula].
- Brominating agents include N-bromosuccinimide, 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, preferably N-bromosuccinimide.
- the use amount of the brominating agent can be used in an equivalent to excess amount with respect to the compound represented by the formula (W6) as a raw material, for example, 1 to 10 equivalents are exemplified, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents .
- the activating agent to be added together with the brominating agent includes benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide and azobisisobutyronitrile, preferably benzoyl peroxide.
- the amount of the activating agent used can be catalytic amount to excess amount with respect to the equivalent of the compound represented by the formula (W6) as a raw material, for example 0.01 equivalent to 2 equivalents are exemplified, preferably 0.05 It is equivalent to 1 equivalent.
- the solvent used for the reaction include carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, and mixtures thereof, and carbon tetrachloride is a preferable example.
- the reaction temperature can be usually 20 ° C to 90 ° C, preferably 60 ° C to 90 ° C.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.5 to 24 hours, and preferably 1 to 12 hours.
- Examples of the compound represented by the formula (W6) include 2-bromo-1,4-dimethylbenzene and 1-bromo-3,5-dimethylbenzene. These compounds are commercially available compounds, for example, Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Can be purchased from
- the compound represented by the formula (12) can be produced by reacting the compound represented by the formula (W7) with an ⁇ -diazophosphonate compound together with an inorganic base.
- an ⁇ -diazophosphonate compound and an inorganic base for example, dimethyl (diazomethyl) phosphonate and potassium tertbutoxide, dimethyl (diazomethyl) phosphonate and sodium tertbutoxide, dimethyl (1-diazo-2-oxopropyl) phosphonate and potassium carbonate, or Dimethyl (1-diazo-2-oxopropyl) phosphonate and sodium carbonate can be mentioned, preferably dimethyl (1-diazo-2-oxopropyl) phosphonate and potassium carbonate.
- the amount of the ⁇ -diazophosphonate used can be used in an equivalent to excess amount with respect to the compound represented by the formula (W7) as a raw material, for example, 1 to 10 equivalents are exemplified, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents. is there.
- the amount of the inorganic base used can be used in an equivalent to excess amount with respect to the ⁇ -diazophosphonate to be used, for example, 1 to 5 equivalents are exemplified, preferably 1 to 3 equivalents.
- the solvent used for the reaction include methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, or a mixture thereof, and methanol is a preferable example.
- the reaction temperature can be usually from -20 ° C to 80 ° C, preferably from 0 ° C to 60 ° C.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.5 to 24 hours, and preferably 1 to 12 hours.
- 3-ethynylthiophene and 2-ethynylthiophene are commercially available compounds and can be obtained from Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- 4-phenylthiophene-3-carbaldehyde is obtained by reacting 4-formylthiophene-3-boronic acid with bromobenzene in a solvent in the presence of a base and a palladium catalyst. It can be manufactured by
- palladium catalysts examples include tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, tetrakis (methyldiphenylphosphine) palladium, dichlorobis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, dichlorobis (tri-o-tolylphosphine) palladium, dichlorobis (tricyclohexylphosphine) palladium, Commercially available dichlorobis (triethylphosphine) palladium, palladium acetate, palladium chloride, bis (acetonitrile) palladium, bis (dibenzylideneacetone) palladium, tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium, bis (diphenylphosphinoferrocene) palladium chloride, etc.
- the catalyst may be added to the reaction system as it is, or palladium acetate, tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium, etc. may be added separately from any ligand.
- the prepared, isolated catalyst may be added.
- a catalyst which is considered to be actually involved in the reaction in the reaction system may be prepared by mixing palladium acetate, tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium and the like with an arbitrary ligand.
- the valence of palladium may be 0 or +2.
- tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium (0), palladium (II) acetate and the like are mentioned as preferable examples.
- trifuryl phosphine tri (o-tolyl) phosphine, tri (cyclohexyl) phosphine, tri (tert- butyl) phosphine, dicyclohexyl phenyl Phosphine, 1,1′-bis (di-tert-butylphosphino) ferrocene, 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′-dimethylamino-1,1′-biphenyl, 2- (di-tert-butylphosphino) biphenyl , 2- (dicyclohexylphosphino) biphenyl, 2,2'-bis (diphenylphosphino) -1,1'-binaphthyl, xanthophos, tri (tert-butyl) phosphine, 2-dicyclohexylphosphino
- the equivalent number of the palladium catalyst to be used may be equivalent or catalytic amount, but it is preferably 0.01 mol% or more, particularly preferably 0.10 to 50.0 mol% with respect to the raw material compound.
- the base for example, sodium tert-butoxide, cesium carbonate, potassium phosphate and the like can be mentioned, with preference given to potassium phosphate.
- the number of equivalents of the base used may be equivalent or excessive, and is, for example, 1 to 5 equivalents, preferably 1 to 3 equivalents.
- ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, toluene, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, n-butanol, water And mixtures thereof, and the like, and a 5: 1 mixture of n-butanol and water is mentioned as a preferred example.
- the reaction temperature can be usually from -20 ° C to 120 ° C, preferably from 0 ° C to 100 ° C.
- the reaction time is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.5 to 48 hours, and preferably 1 to 24 hours.
- the methods of producing the compounds of the present invention are not limited to the methods described herein.
- the compound of the present invention can be produced by modifying and / or converting the substituent of the compound to be the precursor thereof by combining one or more reactions described in the ordinary chemical literature and the like.
- a method for producing a compound containing asymmetric carbon as an example of a method for producing a compound containing asymmetric carbon, a production method by asymmetric reduction, a commercially available (or known method or known method) in which a portion corresponding to asymmetric carbon is optically active in advance.
- Methods using raw material compounds that can be prepared according to There is also a method of separating a compound of the present invention or a precursor thereof as an optically active isomer by a conventional method.
- the method includes, for example, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using an optically active column, formation of a salt with an optically active reagent, separation using fractional crystallization and the like, and then the formation of the salt is canceled.
- HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
- optical fractional crystallization method There are a classical optical fractional crystallization method, and a method of separating and purifying diastereomers formed by condensation with an optically active reagent, and then re-disassembling.
- the optically active compound of the present invention can be produced by carrying out the above-mentioned production method.
- the compound of the present invention when the compound contains an acidic functional group such as a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group or a tetrazole ring, pharmaceutically acceptable salts (eg, inorganic salts with sodium etc. or triethylamine) by known means It is also possible to make it an organic salt with
- an inorganic salt it is preferable to dissolve the compound of the present invention in water containing at least one equivalent of hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate and the like corresponding to the desired inorganic salt.
- the reaction may be mixed with a water-miscible inert organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, acetone or dioxane.
- a solution of sodium salt is obtained.
- the compounds of the present invention when they contain an amino group contained in the compound, or other basic functional groups, or when they contain an aromatic ring having a basic property per se (for example, a pyridine ring etc.) It is also possible to make them into pharmaceutically acceptable salts (for example, salts with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid or salts with organic acids such as acetic acid) by known means.
- pharmaceutically acceptable salts for example, salts with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid or salts with organic acids such as acetic acid
- the reaction may be mixed with a water-miscible inert organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, acetone or dioxane.
- hydrochloric acid solution is obtained by using hydrochloric acid.
- the solution may be evaporated or a more polar, water-miscible organic solvent such as n-butanol, ethyl methyl ketone etc. may be added to obtain the solid salt.
- a more polar, water-miscible organic solvent such as n-butanol, ethyl methyl ketone etc.
- the various compounds described in the present invention can be purified by known methods, for example, various chromatography (column, flash column, thin layer, high-speed liquid).
- Certain embodiments of the compounds of the present invention have EP4 agonist activity and can be used as EP4 agonists. That is, one embodiment of the compound of the present invention can be used as a medicament for the prevention and / or treatment of a disease associated with EP4 receptor operation.
- a disease related to EP4 receptor operation is described in detail.
- a disease related to EP4 receptor operation is a disease that is successfully treated by EP4 receptor operation, and more specifically, the amount of cAMP production in osteoblasts is increased It is not particularly limited as long as it is a disease that can be prevented and / or treated by treatment.
- EP4 agonism can be measured, for example, by the method described below. That is, a method of confirming the enhancement of cAMP production in human EP4 receptor-expressing cells can be mentioned. In another embodiment, there is a method of confirming the bone formation promoting action through enhancement of cAMP production in rat bone marrow cells in the presence of a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. Furthermore, another embodiment includes a method of confirming the binding activity to human EP4 receptor. Specifically, the method described in Test Example 1 below is exemplified as a method for confirming the bone formation promoting action through enhancement of cAMP production.
- the EP4 agonism which can be confirmed by the method described in Test Example 1 is, for example, 10 nM or less, preferably 1 nM or less, more preferably 0.6 nM or less, and still more preferably 0.3 nM or less.
- the concentration is preferably 0.1 nM or less, particularly preferably 0.05 nM or less.
- Certain embodiments of the compounds of the present invention exhibit high specificity (selectivity) for EP4.
- the selectivity for EP4 is, for example, appropriately selected from human EP1, EP2, and EP3 receptors, and agonist activity measurement and receptor binding test are performed using cells expressing each, and IC 50 values (this It can be evaluated by calculating the ratio of the concentration of the compound of the invention to inhibit [3H] PGE 2 and receptor binding by 50%) or Ki value.
- the method described in Test Example 2 is exemplified.
- the ratio IC 50 values (times) IC 50 for IC 50 / EP4 for each receptor
- Ratio of Ki values (fold) Dissociation constant Ki for each receptor Dissociation constant Ki for EP4
- the ratio of the IC 50 value or Ki value is, for example, 10 times or more, preferably 100 times or more, more preferably 1000 times or more, and still more preferably 3000 times or more. It is particularly preferable that it is 10000 times or more.
- One embodiment of the compound of the present invention selectively acts on or binds to the EP4 receptor, and in addition to the EP1 receptor, the EP2 receptor, and the EP3 receptor, the DP receptor, the FP receptor, the IP receptor, the TP receptor , PPAR ⁇ receptor, PPAR ⁇ receptor, PPAR ⁇ receptor, S1P receptor (eg, S1P1 receptor, S1P2 receptor, S1P3 receptor, etc.), LTB4 receptor (eg, BLT1, BLT2 etc.), LPA receptor (eg, LPA1 receptor) Act or do not bind to the body, LPA2 receptor, LPA3 receptor, etc., or cannabinoid receptors (eg, CB1 receptor, CB2 receptor, etc.), or act or bind weaker than the action or binding to EP4 receptor Is also preferred.
- the disease associated with EP4 receptor operation is not particularly limited as long as it is a disease which is successfully treated by EP4 receptor operation, and specifically, for example, a fracture or a bone defect
- Certain embodiments of the compound of the present invention have a bone formation promoting action and are useful as an active ingredient of a medicine.
- certain embodiments of the compounds of the present invention are used to treat and / or promote healing of bone fractures or bone defects, and are preferably used to treat and / or promote healing of bone fractures.
- Certain embodiments of the medicament of the present invention may be expected to exhibit bone density increase and bone strength increase action on a systemic basis, or show action to promote local bone induction / bone regeneration.
- the bone formation promoting activity possessed by an embodiment of the compound of the present invention is, for example, the number of calcified bone-like nodules formed or the differentiation of osteoblasts using bone marrow cells collected and cultured from experimental animals such as rats or humans.
- a marker such as alkaline phosphatase activity can be evaluated as an index.
- bone density and bone strength of limb bones can be evaluated as an index using disease model animals, for example, osteopenia rat models subjected to sciatic nerve resection and ovariectomy.
- we evaluate bone formation and bone healing rate, bone strength of repair bone, etc. as index by long bone bone closed fracture model of rat, osteotomy model by open surgery, or model which made bone defect in arbitrary range etc. be able to.
- a fracture is a state in which a bone is partially or completely broken or deformed under an external force.
- the site is not particularly limited as long as the bone tissue is damaged.
- facial bone orbital bone, zygomatic bone, mandible
- trunk bone rib bone, pelvic bone, cervical spine, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, sacrum, coccyx
- Upper limbs bones scapula, clavicle, humerus, elbow, ulna, scapula, ungulate, metacarpal, phalanx
- leg bones hip, femur, tibia, calcaneus, ankle joints, Bones, and the bones of interest can be applied at any site.
- the form of damage to bone tissue is not particularly limited, and fractures (complete fractures, failure fractures, simple fractures, comminuted fractures, etc.), and in osteotomy and bone distraction surgery which are indicated as one of surgical treatment means It also includes promoting healing of intentionally cut bones.
- femoral fractures caused by osteoporosis, vertebral vertebral body fractures, distal radius fractures, proximal humeral fractures and the like are also included in the above fractures.
- the bone defect refers to various bone diseases themselves such as bone tumors, osteomyelitis, trauma, chronic joint disease, delayed healing after fracture, or loosening of artificial joints, or by surgical removal of a lesion in the treatment thereof. , Refers to the condition that caused the bone defect.
- the site is not particularly limited as long as the patient is forced to have a bone defect, for example, facial bone (orbital bone, zygomatic bone, mandible), trunk bone (rib bone, pelvic bone, cervical spine, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, sacrum, coccyx), Upper limbs bone (scapula, clavicle, humerus, elbow, ulna, scaly bone, metacarious bone, metacarpal, phalanx), lower limbs bone (hip joint, femur, tibia, calcaneus, ankle joint, heel Bones, cuneiform bones, metatarsus bones, etc., and target bones can be applied at any site.
- the form of bone defect is not particularly limited, and any form of bone defect may be included, such as, for example, a state in which an intermediate part of bone is extensively lost or a state in which a bone is partially lost due to a crushed fracture.
- One embodiment of the medicament of the present invention can be used as a bone healing promoter in surgical treatment.
- spine Cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine
- fixation exemplified as medical practice, degenerative scoliosis surgery, joint replacement, spinal canal enlargement, osteotomy, osteotomy, cranial defect complementation, cranioplasty, bone Spacer bone fixation with bone support, allogeneic bone grafting, allogeneic bone grafting, autologous bone grafting, or bone graft replacement therapy, and bone repair after surgical removal of primary malignant tumors or bone metastases, and And / or application to bone reconstruction and the like is possible.
- an embodiment of the medicament of the present invention is preferable to use as a bone formation promoter. Moreover, it is more preferable to use an embodiment of the medicament of the present invention for treatment and / or healing of fracture or bone defect. Furthermore, certain embodiments of the medicament of the present invention are very preferably used for the prevention and / or treatment of fractures. Those skilled in the art can easily understand that the scope of the medicament for the prevention and / or treatment in the present invention optionally includes a medicament for preventing or suppressing the progression of a medical condition.
- An embodiment of the medicament of the present invention can be prepared as a medicament comprising the compound represented by the formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient, for example, a compound or medicament administered as a prodrug
- the case where the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is metabolized in vivo to form the compound represented by the formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is also included in the scope of the medicament of the present invention.
- the administration route of one embodiment of the medicament of the present invention is not particularly limited, for example, oral administration, subcutaneous administration, intradermal administration, intramuscular injection, intravenous administration, nasal administration, vaginal administration, rectal administration, or It can select suitably from the local administration etc. to an affected part. Local administration to the affected area is one of the preferred routes of administration.
- a compound represented by the formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be used as it is, but a compound represented by the formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- the pharmaceutical composition is prepared and administered with the addition of one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
- a hydrate or a solvate of the compound represented by the formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be used as the active ingredient of the medicament of the present invention.
- Examples of dosage forms for formulation of the above-mentioned pharmaceutical composition include tablets, powders, granules, syrups, suspensions, capsules, inhalants, injections and the like, and for the production thereof, Various carriers corresponding to these formulations are used.
- carriers for oral agents can include excipients, binders, lubricants, flow enhancers, or colorants.
- As the inhalant it is possible to inhale a powder of a pharmaceutical composition or a drug solution in which a pharmaceutical composition is dissolved or suspended in a solvent as it is or inhaled by using a sprayer called an atomizer or a nebulizer.
- distilled water for injection physiological saline, aqueous glucose solution, vegetable oil for injection, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol or the like can generally be used as a diluent.
- a bactericidal agent, an antiseptic agent, a stabilizer, a tonicity agent, a soothing agent and the like may be added.
- the inclusion compound which included the compound of this invention in the cyclodextrin may be prepared, and you may use as a pharmaceutical of this invention.
- an appropriate dosage form may be appropriately selected and administered by an appropriate route.
- they can be orally administered in the form of tablets, powders, granules, syrups, suspensions, capsules or the like. They can also be administered via the respiratory tract in the form of inhalants.
- they can be administered subcutaneously, intradermally, intravascularly, intramuscularly, or intraperitoneally in the form of injections including infusions.
- it can be administered transmucosally in the form of sublingual agent or suppository, etc., and can be transdermally administered in the form of gel, lotion, ointment, cream, spray or the like.
- they can be administered as a sustained release preparation, such as a sustained release injection or an implant preparation (eg, a film preparation).
- the pharmaceutical agent of the present invention When a certain aspect of the pharmaceutical agent of the present invention is locally administered, it can be directly administered locally, such as a fracture site.
- the compound may be injected directly topically with a suitable non-hydrophilic solvent, or formulated into a suitable carrier such as a biodegradable high molecular weight polymer, rod-like, needle-like, spherical, film-like, etc. It is also possible to use it as a pharmaceutical in the form of an ointment, cream, or gel, or in the form of a sustained release preparation, by embedding or injecting it locally at a fracture site or the like.
- biodegradable polymer for example, fatty acid polyester ( ⁇ -hydroxycarboxylic acids, hydroxydicarboxylic acids, one or more polymers or copolymers such as lactic acid caprolactone, valerolactone, etc., or a mixture thereof) or Derivatives thereof (block copolymers of polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid and polyethylene glycol, etc.), poly- ⁇ -cyanoacrylic acid esters, poly- ⁇ -hydroxybutyric acid, polyalkylene oxalate, polyorthoesters, polyorthocarbonates, polycarbonates , Polyamino acids, hyaluronic acid esters, polystyrene group, polymethacrylic acid, copolymer of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, polyamino acid, dekin stearate, ethyl cellulose, acetyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, anhydrous Maleic acid-based copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate-based
- the biodegradable polymer may be of one type, a copolymer of two or more types, or a complex or a simple mixture, and the form of polymerization may be random, block or graft.
- an artificial bone (implant) or bone filling material (hydroxyl) which is an embodiment of the medicine of the present invention together with a suitable solvent or a suitable carrier, and made of a highly biocompatible material (metal, calcium, ceramics, polymer material, etc.) It is also possible to administer topically by applying or adsorbing to apatite, ⁇ -tricalcium phosphate etc.) or embedding in it.
- the administration period of an embodiment of the medicament of the present invention is not particularly limited, but in principle it is to be administered during the period when it is judged that the clinical symptoms of the disease have developed, and it is generally continued for several weeks to one year is there. However, it is possible to further extend the administration period depending on the pathological condition, or to continue administration even after recovery of the clinical symptoms. Furthermore, even in the state where clinical symptoms have not developed, it can be administered prophylactically at the discretion of the clinician.
- the dosage of one embodiment of the medicament of the present invention is not particularly limited, for example, when the medicament of the present invention is directly administered to a local site such as a fracture site, an effective dose of generally 0.01 to 1000 ⁇ g per adult is effective.
- the ingredients can be administered.
- the administration frequency can be from once every six months to daily, preferably once every 3 months to once once once a month, or once once a week.
- one aspect of the medicament of the present invention is a bone activating agent, bone formation promotion
- One, two or more agents selected from the group consisting of a drug, a bone resorption suppressant, a bone metabolism improving drug, a sex hormone preparation, and a calcium preparation can be used simultaneously or at different times.
- certain embodiments of the medicament of the present invention can be prepared and administered as a so-called combination together with the agents exemplified above.
- the combination not only administration forms as a complete mixture of active ingredients as in a typical composition but also administration forms by non-mixing combination administered separately from a plurality of containers in which each active ingredient is placed, It also includes kits and packaging.
- estriol estradiol
- conjugated estrogen n for example, estriol, estradiol, conjugated estrogen n, progesterone, medroxyprogesterone, testosterone, methystosterone, mestanolone, stanozolol, metenolone, nandrolone, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM: raloxifen, lasofoxifene, apeledoxifene, ospemifene, arzoxifene, CHF4227, PSK-3 471, etc.)
- calcium preparations include calcium carbonate, calcium lactate, calcium gluconate, calcium acetate, calcium chloride, calcium citrate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, or L-aspartic acid Calcium and the like.
- it can be used in combination with various bone disease drugs to be created in the future. These concomitant drugs are not limited at all insofar as they have clinically relevant combinations.
- One embodiment of the compound of the present invention contains a compound excellent in safety (various toxicity and safety pharmacology), pharmacokinetic performance, etc.
- the utility as an active ingredient of a drug can be confirmed by the method described below .
- Tests related to safety include, for example, those listed below, but are not limited to this example. Cytotoxicity test (test using HL60 cells and hepatocytes, etc.), genotoxicity test (Ames test, mouse linforma TK test, chromosome aberration test, micronucleus test etc.), skin sensitization test (Beurer method, GPMT method) , APT method, LLNA test etc., skin photosensitization test (Adjuvant and Strip test etc), eye irritation test (single instillation, short-term continuous instillation, repeated instillation etc), safety pharmacology test for cardiovascular system Telemetry method, APD method, hERG inhibition evaluation method, etc., safety pharmacology test for central nervous system (FOB method, modified Irwin method, etc.), safety pharmacology test for respiratory system (respiration function measuring device, blood gas) It includes general toxicity test, reproductive developmental toxicity test, etc.
- Cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibition or induction test cell permeability test (test using CaCO-2 cells or MDCK cells), drug transporter ATPase assay, oral absorption test, blood concentration transition test, metabolism test (stable These include sex tests, metabolic molecular species tests, reactivity tests, etc., solubility tests (solubility tests by turbidity method, etc.) and the like.
- the cytotoxicity test includes methods using various cultured cells such as HL-60 cells which are human pre-leukemic cells, primary isolated cultured cells of liver cells, neutrophil fraction prepared from human peripheral blood and the like. Although this test can be carried out by the method described below, it is not limited to this description.
- the cells are prepared as a cell suspension at 10 5 to 10 7 cells / ml, and 0.01 to 1 mL of the suspension is aliquoted into a microtube or a microplate.
- a solution in which the compound is dissolved is added at 1/100 volume to 1 volume of the cell suspension, and the cell culture solution is adjusted to a final concentration of, for example, 0.001 ⁇ M to 1000 ⁇ M at 37 ° C. Incubate for 30 minutes to several days under 5% CO 2 . After completion of the culture, cell viability is assessed using the MTT method or WST-1 method (Ishiyama, M., et al., In Vitro Toxicology, 8, p. 187, 1995). By measuring the cytotoxicity of a compound to cells, the usefulness as an active ingredient of a medicine can be confirmed.
- the genotoxicity test includes Ames test, mouse phosphomer TK test, chromosome aberration test and micronucleus test.
- the Ames test is a method of determining a sudden reversion by culturing a bacterium on a culture dish or the like mixed with a compound, using a designated bacterial species such as Salmonella enterica or E. coli (1999 Pharmaceutical Review No. 1604 From “Genotoxicity testing guidelines” (see II-1. Genotoxicity testing etc.).
- mouse lymphoma TK test is a gene mutation detection test targeting thymidine kinase gene of mouse lymphatic species L5178Y cells (Pharmaceutical Review No. 1604, “Genotoxicity test guidelines” 1999) II-3.
- Former TK test Clive, D. et al., Mutat. Res., 31, pp. 17-29, 1975; Cole, J., et al., Mutat. Res., 111, pp. 371-386, 1983 Etc.).
- the chromosomal aberration test is a method of determining the activity causing the chromosomal aberration by fixing the cell after co-culturing the cultured mammalian cell and the compound, staining the chromosome, and observing it (1999, Medical Ethology No. 1604 "Genotoxicity test guidelines" from II-2. See, for example, chromosomal aberration test using cultured mammalian cells).
- the micronucleus test is to evaluate the ability to form micronuclei due to chromosomal abnormalities, and a method using rodents (in vivo test) (Pharmaceutical Review No. 1604, “Genotoxicity Test Guidelines”, 1999) II-4.
- the LLNA (Local Lymph node assay) method OECD Guideline for the testing of chemicals 429, skin sensitization 2002; Takeyoshi, M. et al., Toxicol. Lett., 119 ( 3), pp. 203-8, 2001; Takeyoshi, M. et al., J. Appl. Toxicol., 25 (2), pp. 129-34, 2005).
- the usefulness of the compound as an active ingredient can be confirmed by determining the skin sensitization of the compound using any one or more of these methods.
- an embodiment of the compound of the present invention as an active ingredient of medicine can be confirmed, for example, by conducting an eye irritation test.
- eye irritation test single eye drop test method (instilled only once) using rabbit eye, monkey eye etc., short-term continuous eye drop test method (instilled at plural intervals in a short time) or repeated eye drop test method (
- the eye irritation symptoms for a certain period of time after instillation are improved for a few days to several tens of days, etc., and the eye irritation symptoms are improved for a fixed time (Fukui, N. et al., Gendai no Rinsho, 4 (7), pp.
- the usefulness of the compound as an active ingredient can be confirmed by determining the eye irritation of the compound using any one or more of these methods.
- a safety pharmacology test for cardiovascular system As safety pharmacology tests for the cardiovascular system, telemetry (methods of measuring the effects of compound administration without anesthesia on electrocardiogram, heart rate, blood pressure, blood flow etc. Electrocardiogram, echocardiography, blood pressure, and pathological examination of animals for basic and clinical studies. Maruzen, Ltd., 2003. APD method (cardiac muscle cell action potential duration time measurement method (Muraki, K. et al. , AM. J. Physiol., 269, H524-532, 1995; Ducic, I. et al., J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 30 (1), pp.
- hERG inhibition evaluation method Patch clamp method (Chachin, M. et al., Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi, 119, pp. 345-351, 2002), Binding assay method (Gilbert, JD et al., J. Pharm. Tox. Methods, 50, pp .187-199, 2004), Rb + efflex assay (Cheng, CS et al., Drug Develop. Indust. Pharm., 28, pp. 177-191, 2002), Membrane potential assay (Dorn, A. et. al., J. Biomol. Screen., 10, pp. 339-347 (2005), etc. It is.
- the usefulness of the compound as an active ingredient can be confirmed by clarifying the effect of the compound on the cardiovascular system using any one or more of these methods.
- Usefulness of an embodiment of the compound of the present invention as an active ingredient of medicine can be confirmed, for example, by conducting a safety pharmacology test for the respiratory system.
- safety pharmacology tests for the respiratory system measurement methods using a respiratory function measuring device (measuring respiratory rate, tidal volume, minute tidal volume, etc.) (Dlorbaugh, JE et al., Pediatrics, 16, pp. 81-87, 1955; Epstein, MA et al., Respir. Physiol., 32, pp. 105-120, 1978) or blood gas analyzer (blood gas, measurement of hemoglobin oxygen saturation etc.) (Matsuo , S. Medicina, 40, pp. 188-, 2003) and the like.
- the usefulness of the compound as an active ingredient can be confirmed by clarifying the action of the compound on the respiratory system, using any one or more of these methods.
- an embodiment of the compound of the present invention as an active ingredient of medicine can be confirmed, for example, by conducting a general toxicity test.
- general toxicity tests single or repeated oral administration or multiple days (multiple days) of compounds dissolved or suspended in an appropriate solvent using rodents such as rats and mice, or non-rodents such as monkeys and dogs It is a method of observing the general condition of a treated animal, evaluating a clinical chemical change, a pathological tissue change and the like by intravenous administration and the like.
- the utility of the compound as an active ingredient can be confirmed by clarifying the general toxicity of the compound using these methods.
- reproductive and developmental toxicity test is a study to investigate the induction of adverse effects in the reproductive development process of compounds using rodents such as rats and mice, or non-rodents such as monkeys and dogs ("Pharmaceuticals non-clinical testing guideline commentary 2002" See JJ Pharmaceutical 2002, 1-6: Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Tests, etc.).
- Tests for reproductive and developmental toxicity include tests for fertility and early embryonic development up to implantation, tests for prenatal and postnatal development and functions of the mother, tests for embryo-fetal development (Medical Review No.
- the usefulness of one embodiment of the compound of the present invention as an active ingredient of a medicament can be determined, for example, by the inhibition or induction test of cytochrome P450 enzyme (Gomez-Lechon, MJ et al., Curr. Drug Metab. 5 (5), pp. It can confirm by performing 443-462, 2004).
- cytochrome P450 enzyme for example, a compound of the enzyme activity is prepared in a test tube using cytochrome P450 enzyme of each molecular species purified from cells or prepared using a recombinant and microsome of human P450 expression system Method to determine whether or not (Miller, VP et al., Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 919, pp.
- a cell permeability test for example, a method of measuring the cell membrane permeability of a compound in an in vitro cell culture system using CaCO-2 cells (Delie, F. et al., Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier System, 14, pp. 221-286, 1997; Yamashita, S. et al., Eur. J. Pham. Sci., 10, pp. 195-204, 2000; Ingels, FM et al., J. Pham. Sci. , 92, pp.
- Drug transporter ATPase assay is a method to determine whether a compound is a substrate for P-gp or not using P-glycoprotein (P-gp) baculovirus expression system (Germann, U.A., Methods Enzymol., 292, pp 427-41, 1998) and the like.
- the transport test includes a method of determining whether a compound is a substrate of OATP2 using OATP2-expressing Oocytes (Tamai I. et. Al., PharmRes. 2001 Sep; 18 (9): 1262-1269) and the like.
- the usefulness of the compound as an active ingredient of a drug can be confirmed by clarifying the action of the compound on the ABC transporter or SLC transporter using these methods.
- an embodiment of the compound of the present invention as an active ingredient of medicine can be confirmed, for example, by conducting an oral absorption test.
- an oral absorption test a fixed amount of a compound is dissolved or suspended in an appropriate solvent using rodents, monkeys, dogs or the like, and the blood concentration after oral administration is measured over time, and the compound is orally administered.
- Methods such as evaluating LC transferability by administration using LC-MS / MS method (Konichi Harada et al., "Recent Mass Spectrometry for Life Science” Kodansha Scientific 2002, etc.) can be used.
- the usefulness of the compound as an active ingredient can be confirmed by determining the oral absorption of the compound using these methods.
- an embodiment of the compound of the present invention as an active ingredient of medicine can be confirmed, for example, by conducting a blood concentration transition measurement test.
- the compound is orally or parenterally administered to rodents, monkeys, dogs, etc. (eg, intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, transdermal, eye drops, nasal, etc.) Measurement of the concentration of the compound in blood after administration to rats using LC-MS / MS method (Honada Harada et al., Ed., "The latest mass spectrometry for life sciences” Kodansha Scientific 2002, etc.) Methods etc.
- the usefulness of the compound as an active ingredient can be confirmed by clarifying the change in blood concentration of the compound using these methods.
- an embodiment of the compound of the present invention has a low blood concentration after administration.
- an embodiment of the compound of the present invention as an active ingredient of medicine can be confirmed, for example, by conducting a metabolic test.
- a metabolic test a method for testing the stability of blood (method for predicting the metabolic clearance in vivo from the metabolic rate of a compound in liver microsomes of human or other animal species (Shou, W. Z. et al., J. Mass Spectrom., 40 (10), pp. 1347-1356, 2005; Li, C. et al., Drug Metab. Dispos., 34 (6), 901-905, 2006), etc.), Examples include metabolic molecular species testing methods and reactive metabolite testing methods. The usefulness of the compound as an active ingredient can be confirmed by determining the metabolic profile of the compound using any one or more of these methods.
- an embodiment of the compound of the present invention as an active ingredient of medicine can be confirmed, for example, by conducting a solubility test.
- the evaluation of the solubility in water is exemplified by a method of confirming under acidic conditions, neutral conditions, or basic conditions, and further includes confirming changes in solubility depending on the presence or absence of bile acid.
- a solubility test a solubility test method by a turbidity method (Lipinski, CA et al., Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 23, pp. 3-26, 1997; Bevan, CD et al., Anal. Chem. , 72, pp. 1781-1787, 2000).
- the usefulness of the compound as an active ingredient can be confirmed by determining the solubility of the compound using these methods.
- an embodiment of the compound of the present invention as an active ingredient of medicine can be confirmed, for example, by examining upper gastrointestinal tract disorder, renal dysfunction and the like.
- the fasting rat gastric mucosal injury model can be used to examine the action on the gastric mucosa.
- Pharmacological tests for renal function include a method for measuring renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate [Physiology 18th ed. (Spectroscope), 1986, Chapter 17] and the like.
- the usefulness of the compound as an active ingredient of a medicine can be confirmed by clarifying the action of the compound on the upper digestive tract and renal function using any one or two or more of these methods.
- Examples etc. the scope of the present invention is the following Examples. It is not limited to the like.
- Precoated silica gel 60 F254 (manufactured by Merck, product number 5715-1M) was used for thin-layer thin-layer chromatography (TLC). After development with chloroform methanol (1: 0 to 1: 1), acetonitrile: acetic acid: water (200: 1: 1 to 100: 4: 4), or ethyl acetate: hexane (1: 0 to 1: 1), The color was confirmed by UV (254 nm or 365 nm) irradiation, iodine solution, potassium permanganate aqueous solution, phosphomolybdic acid (ethanol solution) or the like. Anhydrous magnesium sulfate or anhydrous sodium sulfate was used to dry the organic solvent.
- Multiprep YFLC manufactured by Yamazen Co., Ltd. or 2-ch parallel purification apparatus "Purif- ⁇ 2 (50F)" manufactured by MORITEX Co., Ltd. was used.
- the column used was either Ultrapack Si-40A, 40B or 40D manufactured by Yamazen Co., Ltd. in the case of Multiprep YFLC, and in the case of Purif- ⁇ 2 (50F), the PurifPack-Si series manufactured by MORITEX was used.
- Silica gel 60N sipherical, neutral, 40-100 ⁇ m, manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Preparative thin layer chromatography is PLC plate silica gel 60 F254, 20 ⁇ 20 cm, layer thickness 2 mm, with concentration zone (4 cm) (Merck, product number 13793-1M) One or several sheets were used depending on the amount of sample.
- LCMS liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry
- ESI electrospray
- UPLC / SQD system made by Waters
- the liquid chromatography apparatus used Waters Acquity Ultra Performance LC system.
- ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 1 ⁇ 50 mm 1.7 ⁇ m manufactured by Waters was used as a separation column.
- the retention time of the chiral LC was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). About an example or a reference example which is especially described about chiral LC conditions, it shows that it measures on the following measurement conditions.
- the manufacturers of the reagents used may be indicated by the following abbreviations: Tokyo Chemical Co .: TCI, Sigma-Aldrich Co .: ALDRICH, Kanto Chemical Co .: KANTO, Wako Pure Chemical Industries: WAKO, Maybridge: MAYBRIDGE, APOLLO: APOLLO, Combi-Blocks: COMBI-BLOCKS Takasago perfume company: TAKASAGO, JonsonMatthey company: JOHNSON, Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd .: Nippon Chemical Co., Ltd., Nippon EnviroChemicals Co., Ltd .: Japan Enviro Chemicals
- n normal, i: iso, s: secondary one, t: tertiary, c: cyclo, Me: methyl, Et: ethyl, Pr: propyl, Bu: butyl, Pen :: pentyl, Hex: hexyl, Hep: heptyl , Ph: phenyl, Bn: benzyl, Py: pyridyl, Ac: CHO, formyl, COOH: fulvicyl, NO 2 : nitro, DMA: dimethylamino, NH 2 : amino, CF 3 : trifluoromethyl, F : Fluo mouth, Cl: chloro, Br: bromo, OMe: methoxy, OH: hydroxy, TFA: trifluorinated acetyl, SO 2 : sulfonyl, CO: force sulfonyl, THF: tetrahydric fur
- the number given before each substituent indicates the substitution position.
- the number given with a hyphen before the abbreviation of the aromatic ring indicates the substitution position of the aromatic ring.
- the (S) described in the compound name or structural formula indicates that the target asymmetric carbon is in the S configuration, and (R) indicates that it is in the R configuration.
- R indicates that it is in the R configuration.
- the compound may be a racemic mixture of (R) and (S).
- Reference Example A-6 tert-Butyl 2- (2- (5- (methoxycarbonyl) thiophen-2-yl) ethyl) hydrazinecarboxylate (Intermediate A-6)
- Tert-Butyl carbazate (16.5 g: TCI) sodium hydrogen carbonate (10.5 g)
- sodium iodide (700 mg) were sequentially added to a solution of intermediate A-5 (6.2 g) in acetonitrile (125 mL), and the temperature was 90 ° C. The mixture was stirred for 13 hours.
- Reference example B-3 S- (2-chloroethyl) carbochloride thioate (intermediate B-3)
- a mixed solution of ethylene sulfide (320 g: TCI) and pyridine (4.3 mL) was cooled in an ice bath under an argon atmosphere, triphosgene (474 g: TCI) was added little by little, and the mixture was stirred for 4 hours.
- the reaction mixture solution was purified by distillation under reduced pressure (0.7 kPa to 0.8 kPa, 50 ° C. to 52 ° C.) to obtain the title compound (281 g).
- Reference Example Z-1 tert-Butyl 2-(((2-chloroethyl) thio) carbonyl) -2- (2- (5- (methoxycarbonyl) thiophen-2-yl) ethyl) hydrazinecarboxylate (Intermediate Z -1) Water (330 mL) and sodium hydrogen carbonate (78.09 g) are added to a solution of intermediate A-6 (140.3 g) in dichloromethane (660 mL) and stirred for 10 minutes, then the internal temperature of the reaction mixture solution is 20 ° C to 25 ° C.
- Intermediate B-3 (81.71 g) was added little by little while maintaining.
- Reference Example C-2 2- (3-bromophenyl) -N-methoxy-N-methylacetamide (Intermediate C-2)
- a solution of diisopropylethylamine (800 mL) in dichloromethane (1.8 L) was ice-cooled and 3-bromophenylacetic acid (313 g: TCI), N, O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (284 g), 1-ethyl-3- ( 3-Dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (334 g) and N, N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine (18 g) were sequentially added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12.5 hours.
- Reference Example Z-4-2 Methyl 5- (2- (4- (4-iodophenyl) -3-oxobutyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazin-3-yl) ethyl) thiophene -2-Carboxylate (Intermediate Z-4-2)
- Intermediate Z-4-2 was synthesized according to the method described in Reference Example Z-4, using Intermediate C-3-2 (680.2 mg) instead of Intermediate C-3, and the title compound was synthesized. Obtained (120.1 mg).
- diethylamine 600 ⁇ L
- copper (I) iodide 1.5 mg
- tetrakis triphenylphosphine
- diethyl ether and 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid 0.5 mL were added to the reaction mixture solution, and the organic phase was washed 5 times with 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid (1 mL) and once with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (0.5 mL), It was allowed to dry.
- Example 1 5- (2- (4- (3-hydroxy-4- (3- (thiophen-3-ylethynyl) phenyl) butyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazinan-3-yl) Ethyl) Thiophene-2-carboxylic acid
- Water (221 ⁇ L) and 2 mol / L aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (442 ⁇ L) were added to a solution of intermediate Z-17 (31.8 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (884 ⁇ L), and the mixture was stirred at 50 ° C. for 17.5 hours.
- Reference Example A-12 2- (3-bromothiophen-2-yl) acetonitrile (Intermediate A-12) After adding dimethylsulfoxide (28 mL) and acetonitrile (140 mL) to Intermediate A-11 (9.70 g) and cooling to 0 ° C., sodium cyanide (2.15 g) was added and stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. A saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was added to the reaction mixture solution and stirred, and then the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The solution was filtered through filter paper lined with celite, and the residue on celite was washed with ethyl acetate.
- Reference Example A-13 Ethyl 2- (3-bromothiophen-2-yl) acetate (Intermediate A-13) Water (0.4 mL) was added to a solution of intermediate A-12 (3.89 g) in ethanol (32.3 mL) and cooled to 0 ° C., concentrated sulfuric acid (5.63 mL) was added little by little. The reaction mixture was stirred at 85 ° C. for 115 hours, cooled to 0 ° C., and saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was added until the solution became neutral. After adding ethyl acetate and stirring, the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure.
- Reference Example C-4 N-Methoxy-N-methyl-2- (3- (thiophen-3-ylethynyl) phenyl) acetamide (Intermediate C-4) Bis (acetonitrile) palladium chloride (43 mg) in a solution of intermediate C-2-2 (1.0 g) in acetonitrile (26 mL), 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2 ', 4', 6'-triisopropylbiphenyl (243 mg) Cesium carbonate (2.1 g) and 3-ethynylthiophene (650 ⁇ L) were sequentially added, and the mixture was stirred at 60 ° C. for 14 hours under a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
- Example 2 4-Bromo-5- (2- (4- (3-hydroxy-4- (3- (thiophen-3-ylethynyl) phenyl) butyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazinan- 3-yl) ethyl) thiophene-2-carboxylic acid
- a solution of intermediate Z-14-2 (156.1 mg) in methanol (3 mL) was cooled to 0 ° C. and sodium borohydride (17.3 mg) was added in small portions. After stirring at 0 ° C. for 1 hour, dilute hydrochloric acid was added little by little until the reaction mixture became neutral.
- Example 3 5- (2- (4- (3-hydroxy-4- (3- (thiophen-2-ylethynyl) phenyl) butyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazinan-3-yl) Ethyl) Thiophene-2-carboxylic acid
- a solution of intermediate Z-14-3 (32.9 mg) in methanol (0.6 mL) was cooled to 0 ° C. and sodium borohydride (3.6 mg) was added in small portions. After stirring at 0 ° C. for 1.5 hours, it was diluted with ethyl acetate and diluted hydrochloric acid (1.5 mL) was added. Saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was added until the solution became neutral.
- Reference Example Z-6 Methyl 5- (2- (4- (4- (3-bromophenyl) -3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) butyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4-) Thiadiazinan-3-yl) ethyl) thiophene-2-carboxylate (intermediate Z-6) Imidazole (265 mg) and tert-butyldimethylchlorosilane (596 mg) were added to a solution of intermediate Z-5 (1.0 g) in N, N-dimethylformamide (19.5 mL) and stirred at 30 ° C. for 15 hours.
- Example 5 5- (2- (4- (4- (3-((2-chlorothiophen-3-yl) ethynyl) phenyl) -3-hydroxybutyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4-) Thiadiazinan-3-yl) ethyl) thiophene-2-carboxylic acid
- the title compound (12.9 mg) was synthesized according to the method described in Example 4 by using 3-bromo-2-chlorothiophene (20.7 mg: TCI) instead of 3-bromo-4-methylthiophene. I got (LCMS: m / z 561.1 (MH + ); retention time: 1.77 minutes; LC conditions: LC-1)
- Example 7 5- (2- (4- (4- (3- (4-cyanothiophen-3-yl) ethynyl) phenyl) -3-hydroxybutyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4- Thiadiazinan-3-yl) ethyl) thiophene-2-carboxylic acid
- the title compound was synthesized according to the method described in Example 6, using 4-bromothiophene-3-carbonitrile (18.9 mg: COMBI-BLOCKS) instead of 3-bromo-5-methylthiophene to give the title compound (3). .8 mg).
- LCMS m / z 552.1 (MH + ); retention time: 1.52 minutes; LC conditions: LC-1)
- Example 8 5- (2- (4- (4- (3-((2-cyanothiophen-3-yl) ethynyl) phenyl) -3-hydroxybutyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4-) Thiadiazinan-3-yl) ethyl) thiophene-2-carboxylic acid
- the title compound (5.5 mg) was synthesized according to the method described in Example 6 by using 3-bromothiophene-2-carbonitrile (18.9 mg: APOLLO) instead of 3-bromo-5-methylthiophene.
- LCMS m / z 552.2 (MH + ); retention time: 1.56 minutes; LC conditions: LC-1)
- Example 9 5- (2- (4- (3-hydroxy-4- (3- (thiazol-4-ylethynyl) phenyl) butyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazinan-3-yl) Ethyl) Thiophene-2-carboxylic acid
- the title compound (14.3 mg) was obtained according to the method described in Example 6 by using 4-bromothiazole (17.2 mg: ALDRICH) instead of 3-bromo-5-methylthiophene.
- LCMS m / z 528.2 (MH + ); retention time: 1.38 minutes; LC conditions: LC-1)
- Example 10 5- (2- (4- (4- (3- (furan-3-ylethynyl) phenyl) -3-hydroxybutyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazinan-3-yl) Ethyl) Thiophene-2-carboxylic acid
- the title compound (13.2 mg) was obtained according to the method described in Example 6 by using 3-bromofuran (15.4 mg: TCI) instead of 3-bromo-5-methylthiophene.
- LCMS m / z 511.2 (MH + ); retention time: 1.57 minutes; LC conditions: LC-1)
- Example 12 5- (2- (4- (4- (3-((5-cyanothiophen-3-yl) ethynyl) phenyl) -3-hydroxybutyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4-) Thiadiazinan-3-yl) ethyl) thiophene-2-carboxylic acid
- Step a Methyl 5- (2- (4- (3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -4- (3-((5-cyanothiophen-3-yl) ethynyl) phenyl) butyl) -2-oxo- 1,3,4-thiadiazinan-3-yl) ethyl) thiophene-2-carboxylate
- Example 13 5- (2- (4- (3-hydroxy-4- (3- (thiazol-2-ylethynyl) phenyl) butyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazinan-3-yl) Ethyl) Thiophene-2-carboxylic acid
- 2-bromothiazole (16.5 mg: TCI) instead of 4-bromothiophene-2-carbonitrile.
- LCMS m / z 528.2 (MH + ); retention time: 1.43 minutes; LC condition: LC-1)
- Example 14 5- (2- (4- (4- (3- (3-cyanothiophen-2-yl) ethynyl) phenyl) -3-hydroxybutyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4- Thiadiazinan-3-yl) ethyl) thiophene-2-carboxylic acid
- Step a Methyl 5- (2- (4- (3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -4- (3-((3-cyanothiophen-2-yl) ethynyl) phenyl) butyl) -2-oxo- 1,3,4-thiadiazinan-3-yl) ethyl) thiophene-2-carboxylate
- Bis (acetonitrile) palladium chloride 0.7 mg) in a solution of intermediate Z-22 (16 mg) in acetonitrile (1 mL), 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2 ′,
- Example 15 5- (2- (4- (3-hydroxy-4- (3- (phenylethynyl) phenyl) butyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazin-3-yl) ethyl) thiophene -2-carboxylic acid
- the title compound (2.4 mg) was obtained according to the method described in Example 14 by using bromobenzene (12.3 mg: TCI) instead of 2-bromothiophene-2-carbonitrile.
- LCMS m / z 521.0 (MH + ); retention time: 1.71 minutes; LC conditions: LC-1)
- Example 16 5- (2- (4- (3-hydroxy-4- (3-((2-methoxyphenyl) ethynyl) phenyl) butyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazinan-3-) (I) Ethyl) Thiophene-2-carboxylic acid
- the title compound was synthesized according to the method described in Example 14 by using 1-bromo-2-methoxybenzene (14.7 mg: WAKO) instead of 2-bromothiophene-2-carbonitrile to give the title compound (1.6 mg) Got).
- LCMS m / z 551.3 (MH + ); retention time: 1.64 minutes; LC condition: LC-1)
- Reference Example A-10-2 (3-Chlorothiophen-2-yl) methanol (Intermediate A-10-2)
- a solution of 3-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid (4.47 g: ALDRICH) in tetrahydrofuran (88.1 mL) was cooled to 0 ° C. under a nitrogen gas atmosphere, and 1 mol / L solution of borane / tetrahydrofuran complex in tetrahydrofuran (49.7 mL) ) was added dropwise and then stirred at room temperature for 22 hours.
- the reaction mixture solution was cooled to 0 ° C., methanol, water and ethyl acetate were added and the mixture was stirred.
- Reference Example A-12-2 2- (3-Chlorothiophen-2-yl) acetonitrile (Intermediate A-12-2) After adding dimethylsulfoxide (42 mL) and acetonitrile (126 mL) to Intermediate A-11-2 (9.09 g) and cooling to 0 ° C., sodium cyanide (2.46 g) was added and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After adding water, a saturated salt solution, and ethyl acetate to reaction mixture solution and stirring it, it wash
- Reference Example A-3-3 4-Chloro-5- (2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) ethyl) thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (Intermediate A-3-3)
- Intermediate A-3-3 was synthesized according to the method described in Reference Example A-3, using Intermediate A-2-3 (3.03 g) instead of Intermediate A-2, and the title compound was synthesized. Obtained (3.41 g).
- Reference Example Z-17-17 Methyl 4-chloro-5- (2- (4- (3-hydroxy-4- (3- (thiophen-3-ylethynyl) phenyl) butyl) -2-oxo-1,3 , 4-Thiadiazinan-3-yl) ethyl) thiophene-2-carboxylate (intermediate Z-17-17) Tetrahydrofuran (1 mL) was added to a solution of intermediate Z-14-4 (290 mg) in methanol (5 mL) and cooled to 0 ° C., and sodium borohydride (28.8 mg) was added little by little.
- Example 17 4-chloro-5- (2- (4- (3-hydroxy-4- (3- (thiophen-3-ylethynyl) phenyl) butyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazinan- 3-yl) ethyl) thiophene-2-carboxylic acid After adding methanol (2 mL) to a solution of intermediate Z-17-17 (183 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (2 mL), the mixture was cooled to 0 ° C., water (2.38 mL), 4 mol / L aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (2.38 mL) was added.
- Reference Example C-1 2- (3-bromo-4-methylphenyl) acetonitrile (Intermediate C-1) Add N-bromosuccinimide (1.06 g) and benzoyl peroxide (56.7 mg) to a solution of 2-bromo-1,4-dimethylbenzene (2 g: TCI) in carbon tetrachloride (21.6 mL) and add 1 at 85 ° C. Stir for .5 hours. To the reaction mixture solution, N-bromosuccinimide (1.06 g) and benzoyl peroxide (56.7 mg) were added, and the mixture was further stirred at 85 ° C. for 4.5 hours.
- reaction mixture solution was cooled to room temperature and then filtered through filter paper, and the residue on the filter paper was washed with dichloromethane. The filtrate and the washings were mixed, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. Ethanol (10.8 mL), water (5.4 mL) and potassium cyanide (2.1 g) were added to the obtained residue, and the mixture was stirred at 100 ° C. for 5 hours.
- the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and extracted with ethyl acetate, and then the organic phase was dried. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was purified by column chromatography (hexane / ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (576 mg).
- Example 18 5- (2- (4- (3-hydroxy-4- (4-methyl-3- (thiophen-3-ylethynyl) phenyl) butyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazinan- 3-yl) ethyl) thiophene-2-carboxylic acid
- a solution of intermediate Z-7-18 (23.4 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (0.93 mL) is cooled to 0 ° C., tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1 mol / L tetrahydrofuran solution: 93 ⁇ L) is added, and the reaction is continued for 1.5 hours at room temperature. It stirred.
- Tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1 mol / L tetrahydrofuran solution: 93 ⁇ L) was added to the reaction mixture solution, and the mixture was further stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours.
- methanol (0.93 mL) and 1 mol / L aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (0.93 mL) were added, and the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature.
- the reaction mixture was added with 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid, extracted with ethyl acetate and dried. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was purified by column chromatography (chloroform / methanol) to obtain the title compound (17.3 mg).
- LCMS m / z 541.2 (MH + ); retention time: 1.74 minutes; LC condition: LC-1)
- Reference Example C-2-5 2- (3-bromo-5-methylphenyl) -N-methoxy-N-methylacetamide (Intermediate C-2-5)
- Intermediate C-2-5 was synthesized according to the method described in Reference Example C-2-4, except that Intermediate C-1-2 (500 mg) was used instead of Intermediate C-1, and the title compound was synthesized. (553 mg) was obtained.
- Example 19 5- (2- (4- (3-hydroxy-4- (3-methyl-5- (thiophen-3-ylethynyl) phenyl) butyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazinan- 3-yl) ethyl) thiophene-2-carboxylic acid
- the title compound (13.5 mg) was obtained according to the method described in Example 18 by using Intermediate Z-7-19 (19.2 mg) instead of Intermediate Z-7-18.
- Example 20 5- (2- (4- (4- (4- (4-fluoro-3- (thiophen-3-ylethynyl) phenyl) -3-hydroxybutyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazinan- 3-yl) ethyl) thiophene-2-carboxylic acid
- a solution of intermediate Z-7-20 (15.3 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (345 ⁇ L) was cooled to 0 ° C., tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1 mol / L tetrahydrofuran solution: 69 ⁇ L) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours.
- Reference Example X-1 4-phenylthiophene-3-carbaldehyde (Intermediate X-1) (4-formylthiophen-3-yl) boronic acid (0.5 g: COMBI-BLOCKS) in n-butanol (32 mL) solution of bromothiophene (1.0 mL: TCI), water (6.4 mL), palladium acetate ( 36 mg), 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2 ′, 6′-dimethoxybiphenyl (132 mg) and potassium phosphate (1.36 g) were sequentially added, and the mixture was stirred overnight at 95 ° C. under a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
- Intermediate X-1 4-phenylthiophene-3-carbaldehyde (Intermediate X-1) (4-formylthiophen-3-yl) boronic acid (0.5 g: COMBI-BLOCKS) in n-butanol (32 mL) solution of brom
- Example 21 5- (2- (4- (3-hydroxy-4- (3-((4-phenylthiophen-3-yl) ethynyl) phenyl) butyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4-) Thiadiazinan-3-yl) ethyl) thiophene-2-carboxylic acid
- the title compound (5.7 mg) was obtained according to the method described in Example 18 by using Intermediate Z-7-21 (15.2 mg) instead of Intermediate Z-7-18.
- Example 22 (2- (4- (3-hydroxy-4- (4- (thiophen-3-ylethynyl) thiophen-2-yl) butyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazinan- 3-yl) ethyl) thiophene-2-carboxylic acid
- Step a Methyl 5- (2- (4- (3-acetoxy-4- (4- (thiophen-3-ylethynyl) thiophen-2-yl) butyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazinan-3-yl )
- Ethyl) Thiophene-2-carboxylate (Intermediate T-7) Bis (acetonitrile) palladium chloride (1.2 mg) in a solution of Intermediate T-6 (17.5 mg) in acetonitrile (1 mL), 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2 ', 4', 6'-triisopropylbiphenyl (6.
- Example 25 (S) -5- (2- (4- (3-hydroxy-4- (3- (thiazol-4-ylethynyl) phenyl) butyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazinan- 3-yl) ethyl) thiophene-2-carboxylic acid [Step a] (S) -Methyl 5- (2- (4- (3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -4- (3- (thiazol-4-ylethynyl) phenyl) butyl) -2-oxo-1, 3,4-thiadiazinan-3-yl) ethyl) thiophene-2-carboxylate (intermediate Z-25-1) The title compound (21.0 mg) was obtained according to the method described in step a of Example 24 by using 4-bromothiazole (28.6 ⁇ L) instead of 3-bromothiophene-2-carbonitrile . (Intermediate Z-25
- Example 26 (S) -5- (2- (4- (4- (3- (furan-3-ylethynyl) phenyl) -3-hydroxybutyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazinan- 3-yl) ethyl) thiophene-2-carboxylic acid
- the compound was synthesized by using 3-bromofuran (31.2 mg) instead of 4-bromothiazole according to the method described in Example 25, and then purified by column chromatography (methanol / chloroform) to give the title compound (5. 1 mg) was obtained.
- Example 27 (E) -5- (2- (4- (3-hydroxy-4- (3- (2- (thiophen-3-yl) vinyl) phenyl) butyl) -2-oxo-1,3 , 4-Thiadiazinan-3-yl) ethyl) thiophene-2-carboxylic acid
- the title compound (17.8 mg) was obtained according to the method described in Example 18 by using Intermediate Z-27 (24.8 mg) instead of Intermediate Z-7-18.
- Example 28 4-chloro-5- (2- (4- (3-hydroxy-4- (3- (pyridin-2-ylethynyl) phenyl) butyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazinan- 3-yl) ethyl) thiophene-2-carboxylic acid
- Sodium borohydride (4.8 mg) was added in small portions to a solution of intermediate Z-14-5 (47.6 mg) in methanol (840 ⁇ L). After stirring at room temperature for 0.5 hour, water and ethyl acetate were added, and the organic phase was washed successively with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and saturated brine and dried.
- Reference Example Z-29-2 tert-Butyl 3- (2- (5- (methoxycarbonyl) thiophen-2-yl) ethyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4-oxadiazinan-4-carboxylate (intermediate Body Z-29-2)
- a solution of intermediate Z-29-1 (8.34 g) in DMF (140 mL) was cooled to 0 ° C., sodium hydride (55%, 0.87 g) was added little by little over 30 minutes and stirred for 2 hours .
- the mixture was allowed to room temperature and stirred for 1 hour, sodium hydride (55%, 0.1 g) was added again at 0 ° C., and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 hours.
- Example 29 5- (2- (4- (3-hydroxy-4- (3- (thiophen-3-ylethynyl) phenyl) butyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4-oxadiazinan-3-yl) Ethyl) Thiophene-2-carboxylic acid
- the title compound (45.6 mg) was obtained according to the method described in the step b of Example 22, using Intermediate Z-29-7 (66.4 mg) instead of Intermediate T-7. .
- Reference Example D-2 Methyl 4- (3-bromophenyl) -3-oxobutanoate (Intermediate D-2) THF (4.077 kg) and magnesium chloride (0.47 kg) were added to monomethyl potassium malonate (0.885 kg), and stirred at 50 ° C. for 10 minutes. A solution of 3-bromophenylacetic acid (1.005 kg) in THF (2.023 kg) was added with a solution of carbonyldiimidazole (0.801 kg) in DMF (4.025 kg) and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. added. Further, THF (0.508 kg) was added and stirred at 50 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- Activated carbon Shirasu A (188.6 g: Nippon Envirochemicals) was added to the filtrate, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, filtered through filter paper, and the residue was washed with methanol (1490.5 g). The filtrate was filtered through a membrane filter with a pore size of 0.2 ⁇ m, and the filtrate was washed with methanol (743.7 g).
- Activated carbon Shirasagi A (94.0 g: Nippon Envirochemicals) was added to the filtrate and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, then the filtrate was filtered through a membrane filter with a pore size of 0.2 ⁇ m and the residue was washed with methanol (2231.2 g) .
- Activated carbon Shirasu A (94.1 g: Nippon Envirochemicals) was added to the filtrate and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, then the filtrate was filtered through a membrane filter with a pore size of 0.2 ⁇ m and the residue was washed with methanol (742.9 g) .
- the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (160.1 g).
- Example 30 means the same compound as Example 23.
- Comparative Example 1 4- (2- (4- (4- (3-bromophenyl) -3-hydroxybutyl) -2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazinan-3-yl) ethyl) benzoic acid
- the title compound can be obtained by the production method of Example IAH-H072 described in International Publication No. WO 2006/080323 (Patent Document 8).
- Formulation example 1 Dichloromethane (20 mL) was added to 2.0 g of Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (RESOMER RG504, manufactured by Evonik Industries), dissolved using an ultrasonic cleaner, and 1.6 mg of the compound of Example 23 was further added. It was dissolved. This solution is gradually added to 300 mL of a 0.1% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol stirred at 3,000 rpm using a homomixer (Primix Co., Ltd., MARK II), and stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes to obtain an o / w emulsion.
- Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid
- the o / w emulsion was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours, the dichloromethane was evaporated, the oil layer solidified, and then centrifuged (3,000 rpm, 20 ° C., 15 minutes) using a centrifuge. After removing the supernatant, it is dispersed in 0.1% (w / v) Tween 80 solution, sieved using a 53 ⁇ m and 20 ⁇ m sieve, and the sample remaining on the 20 ⁇ m sieve is centrifuged (3,000 rpm, 20 ° C. for 15 minutes). After removing the supernatant, purified water was added and centrifuged again (3,000 rpm, 20 ° C., 15 minutes) to remove the supernatant. The precipitate was frozen at -80.degree. C. and dried under reduced pressure (48 hours) to obtain 1.2 g of drug-containing microspheres with a drug encapsulation rate of 0.06%.
- Formulation example 2 Dichloromethane (20 mL) was added to 2.0 g of Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (RESOMER RG504, Evonik Industries), dissolved using an ultrasonic cleaner, and 20 mg of the compound of Example 23 was further added and dissolved. The This solution is gradually added to 300 mL of a 0.1% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol stirred at 3,000 rpm using a homomixer (Primix Co., Ltd., MARK II), and stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes to obtain an o / w emulsion.
- Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid
- Evonik Industries Evonik Industries
- the o / w emulsion was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours, the dichloromethane was evaporated, the oil layer solidified, and then centrifuged (3,000 rpm, 20 ° C., 15 minutes) using a centrifuge. After removing the supernatant, it is dispersed in 0.1% (w / v) Tween 80 solution, sieved using a 53 ⁇ m and 20 ⁇ m sieve, and the sample remaining on the 20 ⁇ m sieve is centrifuged (3,000 rpm, 20 ° C. for 15 minutes). After removing the supernatant, purified water was added and centrifuged again (3,000 rpm, 20 ° C., 15 minutes) to remove the supernatant. The precipitate was frozen at ⁇ 80 ° C. and dried under reduced pressure (48 hours) to obtain 1.3 g of drug-containing microspheres having a drug encapsulation rate of 0.8%.
- Formulation example 3 Dichloromethane (20 mL) was added to 2.0 g of Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (RESOMER RG504, manufactured by Evonik Industries), dissolved using an ultrasonic cleaner, and further, 124 mg of the compound of Example 23 was added and dissolved. The This solution is gradually added to 300 mL of a 0.1% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol stirred at 3,000 rpm using a homomixer (Primix Co., Ltd., MARK II), and stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes to obtain an o / w emulsion.
- Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid
- the o / w emulsion was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours, the dichloromethane was evaporated, the oil layer solidified, and then centrifuged (3,000 rpm, 20 ° C., 15 minutes) using a centrifuge. After removing the supernatant, it is dispersed in 0.1% (w / v) Tween 80 solution, sieved using a 53 ⁇ m and 20 ⁇ m sieve, and the sample remaining on the 20 ⁇ m sieve is centrifuged (3,000 rpm, 20 ° C. for 15 minutes). After removing the supernatant, purified water was added and centrifuged again (3,000 rpm, 20 ° C., 15 minutes) to remove the supernatant. The precipitate was frozen at ⁇ 80 ° C. and dried under reduced pressure (48 hours) to obtain 1.1 g of drug-containing microspheres having a drug encapsulation rate of 3.7%.
- Test Example 1 Measurement of EP4 Activation Activity
- measurement of cAMP production was performed using HEK293 stably expressing human EP4 receptor.
- (1) Measurement method As a result of searching Prostaglandin E Receptor using Refseq Database, genetic information of human EP 4 (NM — 000958) receptor was obtained. Based on the sequence information, the human EP4 receptor gene was cloned according to a conventional method by PCR using human cDNA as a template to establish HEK293 stably expressing human EP4 receptor.
- Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium containing 10% FBS and 50 units of penicillin, streptomycin hereinafter, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium may be abbreviated DMEM.
- DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium
- the cells which had been passaged three or more times within a fixed period (about 1 to 2 weeks) using a medium were used.
- the subcultured cells were seeded at 2 ⁇ 10 4 to 2.5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well in a poly-D-Lysine-coated 96-well plate and cultured for 1 day. After aspiration of the medium of each well, 80 ⁇ L of DMEM was added and incubated at 37 ° C. for 15 minutes.
- Test Example 2 Receptor Binding Test Using Human EP Receptor-Expressing Cells
- measurement of [ 3 H] PGE 2 binding inhibitory activity of test compounds to cell membranes stably expressing human EP2, human EP3 and human EP4 receptor was performed .
- (1) Measurement method As a membrane fraction of Prostaglandin E Receptor EP2, EP3 and EP4, 10.0 ⁇ g protein / tube of HTS185M, HTS092M and HTS142M manufactured by Merck Millipore, respectively, was used. The membrane fraction was incubated at 25 ° C. for 60 minutes with a reaction solution (250 ⁇ L / tube) containing a test compound and [ 3 H] PGE 2 .
- the final concentration of [ 3 H] PGE 2 was 2.56 nmol / L in the EP2 measurement system, 1.54 nmol / L in the EP3 measurement system, and 1.24 nmol / L in the EP4 measurement system.
- the membrane fraction was collected on a filter paper by a cell harvester, and the filter paper was transferred to a measurement vial and measured by a liquid scintillation counter.
- Non-specific binding was determined as binding in the presence of excess (10 [mu] M) unlabeled PGE 2.
- the measurement of [ 3 H] PGE 2 binding inhibitory activity by the test compound was performed by adding the test compound at various concentrations. The following buffer was used for the reaction.
- Test Example 3 Neoosteogenic Action in Rat Femurs
- the compound was allowed to act on rat femurs to evaluate the formed new bone.
- (1) Measurement method Female SD rats (Nippon Charles River Co., Ltd.) of eight weeks of age were held in a recumbent position under three-type mixed anesthesia (medetomidine hydrochloride, midazolam, butorphanol tartrate).
- the test compound After trimming the left thigh with a clipper and disinfecting with 70% ethanol, the test compound is solidified in situ with a gel solution, specifically, Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (RESOMER RG502H, manufactured by Evonik Industries) / Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) -polyethylene glycol block copolymer (5050 DLGmPEG 5000, manufactured by Lakeshore Biomaterials) / N-methyl-2-pyroridone (manufactured by Wako) (47% / 3% / 50% weight ratio)
- the 21G injection needle was connected to a 1 mL syringe which was dissolved and filled, and the needle was percutaneously inserted from the quadriceps femoris to the periosteum near the center of the femoral shaft.
- Test Example 4 New Bone Formation Action in Canine Femur
- bone formation promotion is carried out by measuring the new bone formed after administration for the effect of administering the microspheres containing the test compound near the femur of a dog. The action was evaluated.
- microsphere (formulation example) containing the test compound (Example 23) around the periosteum of the femoral shaft using a 1 mL injection syringe and a 21 G injection needle 1 or 350 ⁇ L of microsphere suspension in which CMC solution was prepared according to the method described in Preparation Example 2 was percutaneously administered.
- the dose of the test compound was 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10, or 100 ⁇ g / site, and the corresponding amount of the above-mentioned microspheres was used.
- a drug solution in which microspheres containing no test compound were suspended in 350 ⁇ L of CMC solution was administered alone.
- animals were euthanized by exsanguination under pentobarbital sodium (Somnopentyl) anesthesia. After removing the right and left femurs, they were immersed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution and stored.
- the bone mineral density of the femur was measured with a Discovery X-ray bone density measuring apparatus (manufactured by Toyo Medic Co., Ltd.). Tests were performed in 4 cases in each group.
- a 1.2 mm diameter Kirschner wire (Mizuho Co., Ltd.) cut into a length of 31 mm in advance from the hole was inserted into the intrathecal space of the femur. Thereafter, the left thigh was fixed to a three-point bending test jig of a compact table-top universal testing machine (EZ Test, Shimadzu Corp.), and a mechanical fracture was applied to make the femoral shaft a closed fracture.
- the success or failure of fracture introduction is a complete lateral fracture of the femoral shaft by radiography with a soft X-ray generator (M-100W, SOFTEX Co., Ltd.) and a digital X-ray sensor (NX-04, ARF Co., Ltd.) Was confirmed by obtaining.
- the animal is fixed in the prone position, and a wide range of hair around the iliac crest from the upper back iliac crest and the wide range of the lumbar back are clipped, and Japanese poppedon iodine (isodine solution for animals, Meiji Seika Pharma stock) Company: disinfected with 1 mL of Japan Povidone-Iodine 20 mg) and ethanol for disinfection (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.).
- the muscle covering the iliac crest was exfoliated subperiosteally to expose the iliac crest.
- the cortical bone on the surface of the lateral process was decollated with an electric drill (OS-40 MV2, Nagata Electric Industry Co., Ltd.) to prepare a bone graft matrix.
- the previously prepared graft bone (2 g) contains 800 ⁇ L of CMC (prepared according to the method described in Formulation Example 1) in an amount corresponding to 10, 30, or 100 ⁇ g of the test compound (Example 23).
- the mixture was thoroughly mixed with the microsphere suspension suspended in the solution, and was implanted in the bone matrix between the lateral and lateral processes of the left and right fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae.
- the continuity score was 2 or more.
- the score increased in a dose-dependent manner (Table 10 in the order of 2.4 ⁇ 0.5, 2.6 ⁇ 0.5, 2.8 ⁇ 0.4). From this result, it was confirmed that the compound of this embodiment is useful as a bone fusion promoter in spinal fusion with autologous bone grafting. There were no deaths in any of the administration groups, and no side effects usually observed with PGE2 administration were observed. It was shown that the above-mentioned microspheres containing the compound of this embodiment can be safely administered in spinal fusion surgery.
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Abstract
Description
〔1〕下記一般式(1):
R1は、-H又はハロゲンを示し;
Ar1は、-F及びメチルからなる群より選択される1~3個の同一又は異なった置換基で置換されていてもよい、G1群より選択されるいずれかの置換基(但し、
ここでG1群は、
Ar2は、シアノ、-Cl、メチル、メトキシ、及びフェニルからなる群より選択される1~3個の同一又は異なった置換基で置換されていてもよい、G2群より選択されるいずれかの置換基(但し、
ここでG2群は、フェニル、チエニル、フリル、及びチアゾリルからなる群であり;
*は不斉炭素を示す]
で示される化合物又はその塩。
〔8-2〕R1が-Hである、前記〔1〕~〔7-7〕のいずれかに記載の化合物又はその塩。
〔9-2〕R1が-Clである、前記〔1〕~〔7-7〕のいずれかに記載の化合物又はその塩。
〔10-2〕R1が-Brである、前記〔1〕~〔7-7〕のいずれかに記載の化合物又はその塩。
Ar1が
Ar2が
Ar1が
Ar2が
Ar1が
Ar2が
Ar1が
Ar2が
〔21〕EP4受容体作動に関連する疾患の予防及び/又は治療のための前記〔20〕に記載の医薬。
〔23〕骨折の治療及び/又は治癒促進のための前記〔20〕に記載の医薬。
〔24〕骨欠損の治療及び/又は治癒促進のための前記〔20〕に記載の医薬。
〔25-2〕脊椎固定術における骨癒合促進のための前記〔25〕に記載の医薬。
〔26〕前記〔1〕~〔19〕のいずれか1項に記載の化合物又は薬学的に許容されるその塩を有効成分として含むEP4作動薬。
〔27〕骨折の治療のための医薬組成物であって、前記〔1〕~〔19〕のいずれか1項に記載の化合物又は薬学的に許容されるその塩、及び薬学的に許容される担体を含む医薬組成物。
〔28〕前記〔1〕~〔19〕のいずれか1項に記載の化合物又は薬学的に許容されるその塩、及び乳酸-グリコール酸共重合体を含有するマイクロスフェア製剤。
〔30〕哺乳動物における骨折を治療する方法であって、有効量の前記〔1〕~〔19〕のいずれか1項に記載の化合物又は薬学的に許容されるその塩を該哺乳動物に投与する工程を含む方法。
本明細書において、炭素原子を単に“C”で、水素原子を“H”で、酸素原子を“O”で、イオウ原子を“S”で、また窒素原子を“N”で表すことがある。またカルボニル基を単に“-C(O)-”で、カルボキシル基を“-COO-”で、スルフィニル基を“-S(O)-”で、スルホニル基を“-S(O)2-で、エーテル結合を“-O-”で、チオエーテル結合を“-S-”で表すことがある(この場合の“-”は結合を表す)。
本明細書中、ハロゲンとしては、フルオロ(-F)、クロロ(-Cl)、ブロモ(-Br)、又はヨード(-I)を示す。
R1としては、-H又はハロゲンが例示される。別の態様としては、-H、-Cl、又は-Brが例示される。さらに別の態様としては、-Hが例示される。
ここで、G1群は
前記シアノ、-Cl、メチル、メトキシ、及びフェニルからなる群の別の態様としては、シアノが例示される。
G2群の別の態様としては、チエニル及びフリルからなる群が例示される。
本発明の化合物は溶媒和物の形態を含む。また、本発明の化合物は無溶媒和物の形態も含む。
より具体的に記載すると、本発明の化合物は「式(1)で示される化合物」の無水物かつ無溶媒和物、又はその水和物及び/若しくは溶媒和物を含み、或いはさらにそれらの結晶を含む。
本発明の化合物は、文献には記載されていない新規化合物である。本発明の化合物は、例えば下記の方法により製造できるが、本発明の化合物の製造方法は下記の方法に限定されるものではない。
アミノ基に対する保護基としては、例えばベンジル、メチルベンジル、クロロベンジル、ジクロロベンジル、フルオロベンジル、トリフルオロメチルベンジル、ニトロベンジル、メトキシフェニル、N-メチルアミノベンジル、N,N-ジメチルアミノベンジル、フェナシル、アセチル、トリフルオロアセチル、ピバロイル、ベンゾイル、アリルオキシカルボニル、2,2,2-トリクロロエトキシカルボニル、ベンジルオキシカルボニル、t-ブトキシカルボニル(Boc)、1-メチル-1-(4-ビフェニル)エトキシカルボニル(Bpoc)、9-フルオレニルメトキシカルボニル、ベンジルオキシメチル(BOM)、又は2-(トリメチルシリル)エトキシメチル(SEM)などが挙げられる。
工程1-1
式(2)で示される化合物は式(3)[式(3)中、「Pro2」は式(1)における水酸基の保護基を示す。「Pro1」は前記と同義である。]で示される化合物において、保護基を脱保護することにより製造することができる。脱保護反応は、公知の方法、例えばProtective Groups in Organic Synthesis、John Wiley and Sons 刊(2007年版)に記載の方法などに準じて行えばよい。
式(3)で示される化合物は式(4)[式(4)中、「Pro1」、「Pro2」は前記と同義である。]で示される化合物と、式(11)[式(11)中、「hal1」はブロモまたはヨードを示す]で示される化合物を、塩基及びパラジウム触媒の存在下カップリングすることによって製造される。式(4)で示される化合物と式(11)で示される化合物との反応に際して、式(11)で示される化合物の使用量は、式(4)で示される化合物に対して1/5から20当量用いることができ、好ましくは1/2当量から10当量であり、より好ましくは1当量から5当量である。但し、式(4)で示される化合物の純度、収率、精製効率等を考慮して式(11)で示される化合物の使用量を適宜設計すればよい。
式(4)で示される化合物は、式(5)[式(5)中「Pro1」、「Pro2」は前記と同義である。]で示される化合物において、TMSを選択的に脱保護することにより製造することができる。脱保護反応は、公知の方法、例えばProtective Groups in Organic Synthesis、John Wiley and Sons 刊(2007年版)に記載の方法などに準じて行えばよい。
式(5)で示される化合物は式(6)[式(6)中、「Pro1」、「Pro2」は前記と同義である。式(6)中、「hal2」はブロモまたはヨードを示す。]で示される化合物と、式(13)で示される化合物とを、無機塩基存在下、有機溶媒中でカップリングすることにより製造できる。工程1-3と同様の方法に従って製造することができるが、その際、式(13)で示される化合物の使用量は、式(6)で示される化合物に対して1/5から20当量用いることができ、好ましくは1/2当量から10当量であり、より好ましくは1当量から5当量である。
式(6)で示される化合物は式(7)[式(7)中、「Pro1」、「hal2」は前記と同義である。]で示される化合物の水酸基を保護することで製造できる。水酸基の保護反応は、公知の方法、例えばProtective Groups in Organic Synthesis、John Wiley and Sons 刊(2007年版)に記載の方法などに準じて行えばよい。水酸基の保護基としては、前記の水酸基の保護基であれば特に限定されないが、例えばtert-ブチル基、MOM基、MEM基、THP基、アセチル基、又はTBDMS基などを用いることができる。
式(7)で示される化合物は、式(9)で示される化合物[式(9)中、「Pro1」、「hal2」は前記と同義である。]に、有機溶媒中還元剤を作用させることによって製造できる。還元剤としては、例えばナトリウムボロヒドリド、リチウムボロヒドリド、トリアセトキシボロヒドリド、シアノボロヒドリドなどが使用でき、好ましくはナトリウムボロヒドリドである。還元剤の使用量は原料となる式(9)で示される化合物に対して1/4当量から過剰量使用することができ、例えば1/4当量から10当量が例示され、好ましくは1当量から5当量である。反応に用いる有機溶媒としては、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、又はそれらとテトラヒドロフランとの混媒が挙げられ、メタノールが好ましい例として挙げられる。反応温度は通常-20℃から60℃で行うことができ、好ましくは0℃から40℃である。反応時間は特に限定されないが、通常、0.5時間から48時間が例示され、1時間から24時間が好ましい例として挙げられる。
式(9)で示される化合物は、式(10)で示される化合物[式(10)中、「Pro1」は前記と同義である。]に式(14)で示される化合物[式(14)中、「hal2」は前記と同義である。]を作用させることによって製造できる。式(14)で示される化合物の使用量は、原料となる式(10)で示される化合物に対して当量から過剰量使用することができ、例えば当量から10当量が例示され、好ましくは1当量から5当量である。反応に用いる溶媒としては、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、又はそれらと水との混媒が挙げられ、エタノールが好ましい例として挙げられる。反応温度は通常0℃から120℃で行うことができ、好ましくは40℃から100℃である。反応時間は特に限定されないが、通常、0.5時間から48時間が例示され、1時間から24時間が好ましい例として挙げられる。
用いる銅触媒の当量数は、等量であっても触媒量であってもよいが、原料化合物に対して0.01mol%以上が好ましく、特に0.10-50.0mol% がより好ましい。
式(10)で示される化合物は、式(A1)[式(A1)中、「Pro1」は前記と同義である。]で示される化合物に、有機溶媒中塩基を作用させることによって製造できる。塩基としては、例えば水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、炭酸セシウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム又は炭酸カリウムなどを使用することができ、好ましくは炭酸水素ナトリウムである。塩基の使用量は原料となる式(10)で示される化合物に対して当量ないし過剰量使用することができ、例えば1当量から20当量が例示され、好ましくは1当量から10当量である。添加剤としてヨウ化ナトリウムを使用することができ、使用量は原料となる式(10)で示される化合物に対して当量ないし過剰量使用することができ、例えば1当量から10当量が例示され、好ましくは1当量から5当量である。反応に用いる有機溶媒としては、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、アセトニトリル、トルエン、テトラヒドロフラン、1,4-ジオキサン、ジエチルエーテル、またはこれらの混媒が挙げられ、アセトニトリルが好ましい例として挙げられる。反応温度は通常0℃から100℃で行うことができ、好ましくは20℃から60℃である。反応時間は特に限定されないが、通常、0.5時間から48時間が例示され、1時間から24時間が好ましい例として挙げられる。
式(A1)で示される化合物は式(A2)[式(A2)中、「Pro1」は前記と同義である。]で示される化合物において、保護基を脱保護することにより製造することができる。脱保護反応は、公知の方法、例えばProtective Groups in Organic Synthesis、John Wiley and Sons 刊(2007年版)に記載の方法などに準じて行えばよい。
式(A2)で示される化合物は式(A3)[式(A3)中、「Pro1」は前記と同義である。]で示される化合物に、塩基の存在下、クロロチオギ酸(2-クロロエチル)などのクロロチオギ酸エステルを作用させて製造することができる。使用するクロロチオギ酸エステルは、原料となる式(A2)で示される化合物に対して当量から過剰量使用することができ、例えば1当量から5当量が例示され、好ましくは1当量から2当量である。使用する塩基としては、例えば、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸セシウム、水酸化ナトリウム、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン、またはトリエチルアミンなどを使用することができ、好ましくは炭酸水素ナトリウムである。反応に用いる溶媒としては、ジクロロメタン、トルエン、テトラヒドロフラン、1,4-ジオキサン、アセトニトリルなどがあげられ、好ましくはジクロロメタンである。反応温度は0℃から100℃で行うことができ、好ましくは10℃から30℃である。反応時間は特に限定されないが、通常1時間から24時間が例示され、2時間から4時間が好ましい例として挙げられる。
式(A3)で示される化合物は、式(A4)[式(A4)中、「Pro1」は前記と同義である。]で示される化合物に塩基の存在下、t-ブトキシカルボニルヒドラジンを作用させて製造することができる。使用する塩基としては、例えば炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸セシウム、水酸化ナトリウム、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン、またはトリエチルアミンなどを使用することができ、好ましくは炭酸水素ナトリウムである。塩基の使用量は原料となる式(A4)で示される化合物に対して1当量から20当量が例示され、好ましくは3当量から5当量である。添加剤として、ヨウ化ナトリウムなどを使用することができる。反応に用いる溶媒としては、アセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、またはN-メチルピロリドンなどを使用することができ、アセトニトリルが好ましい例として挙げられる。反応温度は通常室温から150℃で行うことができ、好ましくは70℃から100℃である。反応時間は特に限定されないが、3時間から36時間が例示され、6時間から18時間が好ましい例として挙げられる。
式(A4)で示される化合物は、式(A5)[式(A5)中、「Pro1」は前記と同義である。]で示される化合物の水酸基をブロモに置き換えることで製造することができる。ブロモへの置換反応は、例えばトリフェニルホスフィンなどの存在下において、四臭化炭素またはN-ブロモコハク酸イミドなどを作用させて行うことができる。トリフェニルホスフィンの使用量は、原料である式(A5)で示される化合物に対して1当量から5当量が例示され、好ましくは1当量から2当量である。また、四臭化炭素などの使用量は、原料である式(A5)で示される化合物に対して1当量から5当量が例示され、好ましくは1当量から2当量である。反応に用いる溶媒としては、ジクロロメタン、トルエン、テトラヒドロフラン、1,4-ジオキサン、又はアセトニトリルなどがあげられ、好ましくはジクロロメタンである。反応温度は通常-20℃から40℃で行うことができ、好ましくは-10℃から10℃である。反応時間は特に限定されないが、通常3時間から36時間が例示され、12時間から20時間が好ましい例として挙げられる。
式(A5)で示される化合物は、式(A6)で示される化合物の水酸基の保護基を脱保護することによって製造することができる。脱保護は、公知の方法、例えばProtective Groups in Organic Synthesis、John Wiley and Sons 刊(2007年版)に記載の方法などに準じて行えばよい。
式(A5)で示される化合物は、式(A6)で示される化合物のカルボン酸をエステルに変換し、且つ、水酸基の保護基を脱保護することによって製造することができる。反応は酸の存在下、アルコール溶媒中で進行させることができる。反応に使用する酸としては、硫酸、塩化水素、メタンスルホン酸、p-トルエンスルホン酸、またはトリフルオロ酢酸などが挙げられ、好ましくは硫酸が挙げられる。溶媒としてはメタノール、またはエタノールなどを使用することができ、メタノールが好ましい例として挙げられる。反応温度は通常室温から140℃で行うことができ、好ましくは50℃から80℃である。反応時間は特に限定されないが、通常、2時間から24時間が例示され、8時間から16時間が好ましい例として挙げられる。
式(A6)で示される化合物は、式(A7)で示される化合物に、強塩基を作用させた後に、二酸化炭素などを作用させて製造することができる。強塩基としては、ジイソプロピルリチウムアミド、またはリチウムヘキサメチルジシラジドなどのリチウムアミドなどを用いることができ、また、R1が水素の場合は、n-ブチルリチウム、s-ブチルリチウム、またはn-プロピルリチウムなどの低級アルキルリチウムも用いることができ、ジイソプロピルリチウムアミドを用いることが好ましい。強塩基の使用量は、原料である式(A7)で示される化合物に対して1当量から3当量が例示され、好ましくは1当量から2当量である。反応に用いる溶媒としては、テトラヒドロフラン、ジエチルエーテル、1,4-ジオキサンなどがあげられ、好ましくはテトラヒドロフランである。強塩基との反応温度は通常-100℃から-20℃で行うことができ、好ましくは-80℃から-60℃である。続く二酸化炭素などとの反応は、通常-40℃から40℃で行うことができ、好ましくは-20℃から10℃である。強塩基との反応時間は特に限定されないが、通常0.2時間から3時間が例示され、0.5時間から1時間が好ましい例として挙げられる。二酸化炭素等との反応時間は特に限定されないが、通常0.5時間から24時間が例示され、0.75時間から2時間が好ましい例として挙げられる。
式(A7)で示される化合物は、式(A8)で示される化合物の水酸基をTBDMSで保護することにより製造することができる。水酸基の保護は工程1-6と同様の方法を用いて行うことができる。
式(A8)で示される化合物は、式(A9)[式(A9)中、「Pro3」は式(A8)におけるカルボキシルの保護基を示す。]で示される化合物のエステル基を還元することによって製造することができる。つまり、Pro3としては、例えば炭素数1~4個のアルキルを使用することができる。
式(A9)で示される化合物は、式(A10)で示される化合物を例えば酸の存在下アルコール中で加溶媒分解することによって製造することができる。酸としては硫酸、メタンスルホン酸、又は塩化水素などを使用することができ、好ましくは硫酸である。硫酸の使用量は、原料となる式(A10)で示される化合物に対して0.0001モル当量から0.005モル当量が例示され、好ましくは0.0002モル当量から0.001モル当量である。溶媒として用いるアルコールとしては、例えばエタノール、メタノール、n-プロパノール、n-ブチルアルコール、イソブチルアルコールなどを使用することができる。反応時間は特に限定されないが、通常6時間から48時間が例示され、16時間から24時間が好ましい例として挙げられる。
式(A10)で示される化合物は、式(A11)で示される化合物に青酸塩を作用させることにより製造することができる。青酸塩としては、例えばシアン化ナトリウム、シアン化カリウムなどを用いることができる。青酸塩の使用量は原料である式(A10)で示される化合物に対して1当量から5当量が例示され、好ましくは1当量から2当量である。反応に用いる溶媒としては、テトラヒドロフラン、アセトニトリル、ジメチルスルホキシド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、又はN,N-ジメチルホルムアミドなどを使用することができ、アセトニトリルとジメチルスルホキシドの混媒が好ましい例として挙げられる。反応温度は通常0℃から60℃で行うことができ、好ましくは10℃から40℃である。反応時間は特に限定されないが、0.5時間から20時間が例示され、2時間から6時間が好ましい例として挙げられる。
式(A11)で示される化合物は、式(A12)で示される化合物の水酸基をブロモに変換することによって製造することができる。ブロモへの変換は工程2-5と同様に行えばよい。
式(A12)で示される化合物は、式(A13)で示される市販の化合物のカルボキシル基を水酸基に還元することによって製造することができる。還元剤としては、例えばボラン-ジメチルスルフィド、ボラン-テトラヒドロフランなどを使用することができ、好ましくはボラン-テトラヒドロフランである。還元剤の使用量は原料となる式(A13)で示される化合物に対して、1モル当量から5モル当量が例示され、好ましくは1モル当量から2モル当量である。
式(W3)で示される化合物は、式(W4)[式(W4)中、「hal2」は前記と同義である。]で示される化合物を希硫酸中加熱することによって製造できる。反応に用いる希硫酸は、濃硫酸または希硫酸を適宜希釈して用いることができ、その濃度は例えば0.1モル/リットルから15モル/リットルが例示され、好ましくは1モル/リットルから10モル/リットルである。希硫酸の使用量は、式(W4)で示される化合物に対して過剰量使用することができ、収率、精製効率等を考慮して適宜設計すればよい。反応温度は通常20℃から100℃で行うことができ、好ましくは60℃から100℃である。反応時間は特に限定されないが、通常、0.5時間から48時間が例示され、1時間から24時間が好ましい例として挙げられる。
式(W4)で示される化合物は、式(W5)[式(W5)中、「hal2」は前記と同義である。]で示される化合物にシアン化合物を作用させることによって製造できる。シアン化合物としてはシアン化ナトリウム、シアン化カリウム、シアン化銅などを使用することができ、好ましくはシアン化ナトリウム、シアン化カリウムである。シアン化合物の使用量は原料となる式(W5)で示される化合物に対して当量から過剰量使用することができ、例えば1当量から10当量が例示され、好ましくは1当量から5当量である。反応に用いる溶媒としては、例えばメタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、水、またはこれらの混媒などが挙げられ、エタノールと水の2対1の比率での混媒が好ましい例として挙げられる。反応温度は通常0℃から100℃で行うことができ、好ましくは20℃から100℃である。反応時間は特に限定されないが、通常、0.5時間から24時間が例示され、1時間から12時間が好ましい例として挙げられる。
式(W5)で示される化合物は、式(W6)[式(W6)中、「hal2」は前記と同義である。]で示される化合物を臭素化することによって製造できる。臭素化剤としてはN-ブロモスクシンイミド、1,3-ジブロモ-5,5-ジメチルヒダントインが挙げられ、好ましくはN-ブロモスクシンイミドである。臭素化剤の使用量は原料となる式(W6)で示される化合物に対して当量から過剰量使用することができ、例えば1当量から10当量が例示され、好ましくは1当量から5当量である。臭素化剤とともに添加する活性化剤としては過酸化ベンゾイル、tert-ブチルヒドロペルオキシド、アゾビスイソブチロニトリルが挙げられ、好ましくは過酸化ベンゾイルである。活性化剤の使用量は原料となる式(W6)で示される化合物の当量対して触媒量から過剰量使用することができ、例えば0.01当量から2当量が例示され、好ましくは0.05当量から1当量である。反応に用いる溶媒としては、例えば四塩化炭素、クロロホルム、1,2-ジクロロエタン、またはこれらの混媒などが挙げられ、四塩化炭素が好ましい例として挙げられる。反応温度は通常20℃から90℃で行うことができ、好ましくは60℃から90℃である。反応時間は特に限定されないが、通常、0.5時間から24時間が例示され、1時間から12時間が好ましい例として挙げられる。
式(W7)で示される化合物のうち、4-フェニルチオフェン-3-カルボアルデヒドは、4-ホルミルチオフェン-3-ボロン酸とブロモベンゼンを、塩基及びパラジウム触媒の存在下、溶媒中で反応させることにより製造できる。
Ki値の比率(倍)=各受容体に対する解離定数Ki/EP4に対する解離定数Ki
EP4受容体作動に関連する疾患は、EP4受容体作動により奏功する疾患であれば特に限定されないが、具体的には、例えば骨折又は骨欠損が例示される。
本発明の医薬のある態様の投与経路は特に限定されないが、例えば、経口投与、皮下投与、皮内投与、筋肉注射、静脈内投与、経鼻投与、経膣内投与、経直腸内投与、又は患部への局所投与などから適宜選択することができる。患部への局所投与は好ましい投与経路の一つである。
また本発明の医薬のある態様を適当な溶媒又は適当な担体と共に、生体適合性に優れた素材(金属、カルシウム、セラミックス、高分子材料など)からなる人工骨(インプラント)や骨補填材料(ハイドロキシアパタイト、β-リン酸三カルシウムなど)などに塗布又は吸着させることによって、又はその中に包埋させることによって局所に投与することも可能である。
有機溶媒の乾燥には無水硫酸マグネシウムあるいは無水硫酸ナトリウムを使用した。
フラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィーはシリ力ゲル60N(球状、中性、40-100μm、関東化学社製)を使用した。
東京化成社製:TCI、シグマアルドリッチ社製:ALDRICH、関東化学社製:KANTO、和光純薬社製:WAKO、Maybridge社製:MAYBRIDGE、APOLLO社製:APOLLO、Combi-Blocks社製:COMBI-BLOCKS、高砂香料社製:TAKASAGO、JhonsonMatthey社製:JOHNSON、日本化学工業社製:日本化学、日本エンバイロケミカルズ社製:日本エンバイロケミカルズ
n:ノルマル、i:イソ、s:セカンダリ一、t: ターシャリ一、c: シクロ、Me: メチル、Et:エチル、Pr:プロピル、Bu:ブチル、Pen::ペンチル、Hex:ヘキシル、Hep:ヘプチル、Ph:フェニル、Bn:ベンジル、Py:ピリジル、Ac:アセチル、CHO:ホルミル、COOH:力ルボキシル、NO2:ニト口、DMA:ジメチルアミノ、NH2:アミノ、CF3:トリフルオロメチル、F:フルオ口、Cl:クロロ、Br:ブロモ、OMe:メトキシ、OH:ヒドロキシ、TFA:トリフルオ口アセチル、SO2:スルホニル、CO:力ルボニル、THF:テトラヒド口フラン、DMF:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、DMSO:ジメチルスルホキシド、DME:ジメトキシエタン
(中間体A-2 Rf(TLC)=0.70(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=4:1))
(中間体A-3 LCMS:m/z287.0(MH+);保持時間:1.35分;LC条件:NLC-1)
(中間体A-4 Rf(TLC)=0.33(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=1:1))
(中間体A-5 Rf(TLC)=0.70(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=1:1))
(中間体A-6 LCMS:m/z301.1(MH+);保持時間:1.42分;LC条件:NLC-1)
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ(ppm)7.64(1H,d,J=4.0Hz),6.87(1H,d,J=4.0Hz),3.86(3H,s),3.18(2H,t,J=7.2Hz),3.02(2H,t,J=7.2Hz),2.60-1.90(2H,br),1.64(9H,s)
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ(ppm)3.72(2H,t,J=7.0Hz),3.30(2H,t,J=7.0Hz)
(中間体Z-1 Rf(TLC)=0.43(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=2:1))
(中間体A-4 Rf(TLC)=0.49(ヘプタン:酢酸エチル=1:1))
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ(ppm)7.64(1H,d,J=3.8Hz),6.88(1H,d,J=3.8Hz),3.86(3H,s),3.85(2H,t,7.0Hz),3.30(2H,t,J=7.0Hz),3.25-3.17(4H,m),3.16(2H,t,J=7.0Hz)
(中間体C-2 LCMS:m/z257.9(MH+);保持時間:1.37分;LC条件:NLC-1)
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ(ppm)7.46-7.44(1H,m),7.39-7.36(1H,m),7.25-7.15(2H,m),3.74(2H,s),3.64(3H,s),3.20(3H,s)
(中間体C-3 Rf(TLC)=0.74(ヘプタン:酢酸エチル=2:1))
(中間体C-2-2 Rf(TLC)=0.42(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=1:2))
なお、前記の方法に準じて化合物を合成する場合、当業者の常識に照らし、使用する原料の等量に応じて使用する試薬量、溶媒量、反応時間等を適宜変更することができる。以下、同様である。
(中間体C-3-2 Rf(TLC)=0.60(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=1:2))
(中間体Z-4 LCMS:m/z511.2(MH+);保持時間:1.75分;LC条件:NLC-1)
(中間体Z-4-2 Rf(TLC)=0.50(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=1:2),
LCMS:m/z559.0(MH+);保持時間:1.84分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体Z-5 LCMS:m/z513.15(MH+);保持時間:1.70分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体Z-14 Rf(TLC)=0.12(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=1:2),
LCMS:m/z539.1(MH+);保持時間:1.95分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体Z-17 LCMS:m/z541.1(MH+);保持時間:1.90分;LC条件:LC-1)
(LCMS:m/z527.2(MH+);保持時間:1.68分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体A-10 Rf(TLC)=0.42(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=2:1))
(中間体A-11 Rf(TLC)=0.64(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=8:1))
(中間体A-12 Rf(TLC)=0.18(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=8:1))
(中間体A-13 Rf(TLC)=0.33(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=8:1))
(中間体A-14 Rf(TLC)=0.23(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=4:1))
(中間体A-2-2 Rf(TLC)=0.76(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=4:1))
(中間体A-3-2 Rf(TLC)=0.12(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=1:1))
(中間体A-4-2 Rf(TLC)=0.53(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=1:1))
(中間体A-5-2 Rf(TLC)=0.44(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=8:1))
(中間体A-5-2 Rf(TLC)=0.48(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=1:1))
(中間体Z-1-2 Rf(TLC)=0.53(トルエン:酢酸エチル=8:1))
(中間体Z-2-2 Rf(TLC)=0.42(トルエン:酢酸エチル=8:1))
(中間体Z-3-2 Rf(TLC)=0.13(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=2:1))
(中間体C-4 Rf(TLC)=0.40(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=1:1),
LCMS:m/z286.13(MH+);保持時間:1.70分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体Z-14-2 LCMS:m/z617.2(MH+);保持時間:2.08分;LC条件:LC-1)
(LCMS:m/z605.1(MH+);保持時間:1.78分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体Z-14-3 LCMS:m/z539.0(MH+);保持時間:2.00分;LC条件:LC-1)
(LCMS:m/z527.0(MH+);保持時間:1.79分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体Z-6 LCMS:m/z627.0(MH+);保持時間:2.53分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体Z-21 LCMS:m/z645.4(MH+);保持時間:2.35分;LC条件:LC-6)
(中間体Z-22 LCMS:m/z573.3(MH+);保持時間:1.37分;LC条件:LC-6)
メチル 5-(2-(4-(3-((tert-ブチルジメチルシリル)オキシ)-4-(3-((4-メチルチオフェン-3-イル)エチニル)フェニル)ブチル)-2-オキソ-1,3,4-チアジアジナン-3-イル)エチル)チオフェン-2-カルボキシレート(中間体Z-7-4)
(中間体Z-7-4 LCMS:m/z699.4(MH+);保持時間:2.18分;LC条件:LC-6)
5-(2-(4-(3-ヒドロキシ-4-(3-((4-メチルチオフェン-3-イル)エチニル)フェニル)ブチル)-2-オキソ-1,3,4-チアジアジナン-3-イル)エチル)チオフェン-2-カルボン酸
中間体Z-7-4(7.4mg)のテトラヒドロフラン(390μL)溶液を0℃に冷却し、テトラブチルアンモニウムフルオリド(1mol/L テトラヒドロフラン溶液:33μL)を加え、室温で2.5時間撹拌した。反応混合溶液にメタノール(390μL)、1mol/L水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(390μL)を加え、室温で2時間撹拌した。反応混合溶液に、2mol/L塩酸(100μL)、水(400μL)を加え、酢酸エチル(1mL)で5回抽出した後、乾燥させた。減圧下溶媒を留去し、得られた残渣をカラムクロマトグラフィー(クロロホルム/メタノール)で精製し、標記化合物(4.9mg)を得た。
(LCMS:m/z541.2(MH+);保持時間:1.74分;LC条件:LC-1)
(LCMS:m/z561.1(MH+);保持時間:1.77分;LC条件:LC-1)
メチル 5-(2-(4-(3-((tert-ブチルジメチルシリル)オキシ)-4-(3-((5-メチルチオフェン-3-イル)エチニル)フェニル)ブチル)-2-オキソ-1,3,4-チアジアジナン-3-イル)エチル)チオフェン-2-カルボキシレート (中間体Z-7-6)
(中間体Z-7-6 LCMS:m/z699.4(MH+);保持時間:2.20分;LC条件:LC-6)
5-(2-(4-(3-ヒドロキシ-4-(3-((5-メチルチオフェン-3-イル)エチニル)フェニル)ブチル)-2-オキソ-1,3,4-チアジアジナン-3-イル)エチル)チオフェン-2-カルボン酸
中間体Z-7-6(16.2mg)のテトラヒドロフラン(850μL)溶液を0℃に冷却し、テトラブチルアンモニウムフルオリド(1mol/L テトラヒドロフラン溶液:73μL)を加え、室温で2.5時間撹拌した。反応混合溶液に1mol/L水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(66μL)を加え、室温で5時間撹拌した。反応混合溶液に、1mol/L塩酸(500μL)を加え、酢酸エチル(1mL)で5回抽出した後、飽和食塩水(500μL)で洗浄し乾燥させた。減圧下溶媒を留去し標記化合物(22.1mg)を得た。
(LCMS:m/z541.2(MH+);保持時間:1.76分;LC条件:LC-1)
(LCMS:m/z552.1(MH+);保持時間:1.52分;LC条件:LC-1)
(LCMS:m/z552.2(MH+);保持時間:1.56分;LC条件:LC-1)
(LCMS:m/z528.2(MH+);保持時間:1.38分;LC条件:LC-1)
(LCMS:m/z511.2(MH+);保持時間:1.57分;LC条件:LC-1)
(LCMS:m/z511.2(MH+);保持時間:1.58分;LC条件:LC-1)
メチル 5-(2-(4-(3-((tert-ブチルジメチルシリル)オキシ)-4-(3-((5-シアノチオフェン-3-イル)エチニル)フェニル)ブチル)-2-オキソ-1,3,4-チアジアジナン-3-イル)エチル)チオフェン-2-カルボキシレート(中間体Z-7-12)
(中間体Z-7-12 LCMS:m/z680.4(MH+);保持時間:1.71分;LC条件:LC-6)
5-(2-(4-(4-(3-((5-シアノチオフェン-3-イル)エチニル)フェニル)-3-ヒドロキシブチル)-2-オキソ-1,3,4-チアジアジナン-3-イル)エチル)チオフェン-2-カルボン酸
中間体Z-7-12(6.4mg)のテトラヒドロフラン(330μL)溶液を0℃に冷却し、テトラブチルアンモニウムフルオリド(1mol/L テトラヒドロフラン溶液:28μL)を加え、室温で4時間撹拌した。反応混合溶液に1mol/L水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(30μL)を加え、室温で2時間撹拌した。反応混合溶液に、1mol/L塩酸を加え、酢酸エチルで抽出した後、乾燥させた。減圧下溶媒を留去し、得られた残渣をカラムクロマトグラフィー(クロロホルム/メタノール)で精製し、標記化合物(0.7mg)を得た。
(LCMS:m/z552.2(MH+);保持時間:1.60分;LC条件:LC-1)
(LCMS:m/z528.2(MH+);保持時間:1.43分;LC条件:LC-1)
メチル 5-(2-(4-(3-((tert-ブチルジメチルシリル)オキシ)-4-(3-((3-シアノチオフェン-2-イル)エチニル)フェニル)ブチル)-2-オキソ-1,3,4-チアジアジナン-3-イル)エチル)チオフェン-2-カルボキシレート(中間体Z-7-14)
(中間体Z-7-14 LCMS:m/z680.5(MH+);保持時間:2.52分;LC条件:LC-1)
5-(2-(4-(4-(3-((3-シアノチオフェン-2-イル)エチニル)フェニル)-3-ヒドロキシブチル)-2-オキソ-1,3,4-チアジアジナン-3-イル)エチル)チオフェン-2-カルボン酸
中間体Z-7-14(7.9mg)のテトラヒドロフラン(1mL)溶液を0℃に冷却し、テトラブチルアンモニウムフルオリド(1mol/L テトラヒドロフラン溶液:0.5mL)を加え、室温で18時間撹拌した。反応混合溶液にメタノール(0.5mL)、1mol/L水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(0.5mL)を加え、室温で2.5時間撹拌した。反応混合溶液に、1mol/L塩酸を加え、酢酸エチル抽出し、乾燥させた。減圧下溶媒を留去し、得られた残渣をカラムクロマトグラフィー(クロロホルム/メタノール)で精製し、標記化合物(3.0mg)を得た。
(LCMS:m/z552.0(MH+);保持時間:1.57分;LC条件:LC-1)
(LCMS:m/z521.0(MH+);保持時間:1.71分;LC条件:LC-1)
(LCMS:m/z551.3(MH+);保持時間:1.64分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体A-10-2 Rf(TLC)=0.40(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=2:1))
(中間体A-11-2 Rf(TLC)=0.56(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=8:1))
(中間体A-12-2 Rf(TLC)=0.20(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=8:1))
(中間体A-13-2 Rf(TLC)=0.31(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=8:1))
(中間体A-14-2 Rf(TLC)=0.13(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=4:1))
(中間体A-2-3 Rf(TLC)=0.61(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=4:1))
(中間体A-3-3 Rf(TLC)=0.11(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=4:1))
(中間体A-4-3 Rf(TLC)=0.38(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=1:1))
(中間体A-5-3 Rf(TLC)=0.52(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=2:1))
(中間体A-5-3 Rf(TLC)=0.24(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=2:1))
(中間体Z-1-3 Rf(TLC)=0.24(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=4:1))
(中間体Z-2-3 Rf(TLC)=0.69(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=1:1))
(中間体Z-3-3 Rf(TLC)=0.23(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=1:1))
(中間体Z-4-3 Rf(TLC)=0.31(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=1:1))
(中間体Z-14-4 LCMS:m/z573.2(MH+);保持時間:2.03分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体Z-17-17 LCMS:m/z575.2(MH+);保持時間:1.98分;LC条件:LC-1)
(LCMS:m/z561.25(MH+);保持時間:1.72分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体C-1 Rf(TLC)=0.58(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=2:1))
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ(ppm)7.51(1H,s),7.24(1H,d,J=7.5Hz),7.18(1H,d,J=7.5Hz),3.70(2H,s),2.40(3H,s)
(中間体C-2-4 LCMS:m/z272.3(MH+);保持時間:1.57分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体Z-4-4 LCMS:m/z525.1(MH+);保持時間:1.87分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体Z-6-4 LCMS:m/z641.2(MH+);保持時間:2.02分;LC条件:LC-6)
(中間体Z-7-18 LCMS:m/z669.3(MH+);保持時間:2.25分;LC条件:LC-6)
(LCMS:m/z541.2(MH+);保持時間:1.74分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体C-1-2 Rf(TLC)=0.64(ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=2:1))
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ(ppm)7.31(1H,m),7.28(1H,m),7.09(1H,m),3.69(2H,s),2.35(3H,s)
(中間体C-2-5 LCMS:m/z272.3(MH+);保持時間:1.57分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体Z-4-5 LCMS:m/z525.1(MH+);保持時間:1.88分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体Z-6-5 LCMS:m/z641.3(MH+);保持時間:2.00分;LC条件:LC-6)
(中間体Z-7-19 LCMS:m/z669.3(MH+);保持時間:2.25分;LC条件:LC-6)
(LCMS:m/z541.2(MH+);保持時間:1.74分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体C-2-6 LCMS:m/z276.2(MH+);保持時間:1.37分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体Z-4-6 LCMS:m/z529.1(MH+);保持時間:1.78分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体Z-6-6 LCMS:m/z645.3(MH+);保持時間:1.64分;LC条件:LC-6)
(中間体Z-7-20 LCMS:m/z673.4(MH+);保持時間:1.87分;LC条件:LC-6)
(LCMS:m/z545.2(MH+);保持時間:1.67分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体X-1 LCMS:m/z189.0(MH+);保持時間:1.54分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体X-2 LCMS:m/z185.1(MH+);保持時間:1.81分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体Z-7-21 LCMS:m/z731.21(MH+);保持時間:2.41分;LC条件:LC-6)
(LCMS:m/z603.0(MH+);保持時間:1.87分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体T-2 LCMS:m/z264.2,266(MH+);保持時間:1.36分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体T-3 LCMS:m/z292.1,294(MH+);保持時間:1.55分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体T-4 LCMS:m/z517.0,519.1(MH+);保持時間:1.76分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体T-5 LCMS:m/z519.08,521.08(MH+);保持時間:1.70分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体T-6 LCMS:m/z561.1,563.1(MH+);保持時間:1.89分;LC条件:LC-1)
メチル 5-(2-(4-(3-アセトキシ-4-(4-(チオフェン-3-イルエチニル)チオフェン-2-イル)ブチル)-2-オキソ-1,3,4-チアジアジナン-3-イル)エチル)チオフェン-2-カルボキシレート(中間体T-7)
(中間体T-7 LCMS:m/z589.1(MH+);保持時間:2.03分;LC条件:LC-1)
5-(2-(4-(3-ヒドロキシ-4-(4-(チオフェン-3-イルエチニル)チオフェン-2-イル)ブチル)-2-オキソ-1,3,4-チアジアジナン-3-イル)エチル)チオフェン-2-カルボン酸
中間体T-7(14.2mg)のテトラヒドロフラン(0.36mL)溶液に、1mol/L水酸化リチウム水溶液(0.36mL)を加え、室温で終夜撹拌した。反応混合溶液を0℃に冷やし、1mol/L塩酸(0.36mL)を加えた。混合物を水で希釈しクロロホルムで3回抽出した後、飽和食塩水で洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させ、減圧下溶媒を留去した。得られた残渣をカラムクロマトグラフィー(クロロホルム/メタノール)で精製し、標記化合物(3.5mg)を得た。
(LCMS:m/z533.0(MH+);保持時間:1.64分;LC条件:LC-1)
(S)-メチル 5-(2-(4-(3-ヒドロキシ-4-(3-(チオフェン-3-イルエチニル)フェニル)ブチル)-2-オキソ-1,3,4-チアジアジナン-3-イル)エチル)チオフェン-2-カルボキシレート(中間体Z-17-S)
(S)-5-(2-(4-(3-ヒドロキシ-4-(3-(チオフェン-3-イルエチニル)フェニル)ブチル)-2-オキソ-1,3,4-チアジアジナン-3-イル)エチル)チオフェン-2-カルボン酸
実施例1に記載の方法に準じ、中間体Z-17の代わりに中間体Z-17-S(41.4mg)を用いることにより合成し、標記化合物(31.8mg)を得た。
(LCMS:m/z527.2(MH+);保持時間:1.68分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体V-1 LCMS:m/z627.35、629.35(MH+);保持時間:1.79分;LC条件:NLC-1)
(中間体V-2 LCMS:m/z645.49(MH+);保持時間:2.38分;LC条件:NLC-6)
(中間体V-3 LCMS:m/z573.45(MH+);保持時間:1.41分;LC条件:NLC-6)
(S)-メチル5-(2-(4-(3-((tert-ブチルジメチルシリル)オキシ)-4-(3-((2-シアノチオフェン-3-イル)エチニル)フェニル)ブチル)-2-オキソ-1,3,4-チアジアジナン-3-イル)エチル)チオフェン-2-カルボキシレート(中間体Z-24-1)
(中間体Z-24-1 LCMS:m/z680.44(MH+);保持時間:1.73分;LC条件:NLC-6)
(S)-メチル5-(2-(4-(4-(3-((2-シアノチオフェン-3-イル)エチニル)フェニル)-3-ヒドロキシブチル)-2-オキソ-1,3,4-チアジアジナン-3-イル)エチル)チオフェン-2-カルボキシレート(中間体Z-24-2)
(中間体Z-24-2 LCMS:m/z566.35(MH+);保持時間:1.77分;LC条件:NLC-6)
(S)-5-(2-(4-(4-(3-((2-シアノチオフェン-3-イル)エチニル)フェニル)-3-ヒドロキシブチル)-2-オキソ-1,3,4-チアジアジナン-3-イル)エチル)チオフェン-2-カルボン酸
中間体Z-24-2(9.3mg)のテトラヒドロフラン(400μL)溶液に1mol/L水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(197μL)を加え、室温で60時間撹拌した。反応混合溶液に、1mol/L塩酸(400μL)を加え、クロロホルムで3回抽出した後、飽和食塩水で洗浄し乾燥させた。減圧下溶媒を留去した。得られた残渣をカラムクロマトグラフィー(メタノール/クロロホルム)で精製し、標記化合物(7.5mg)を得た。
(LCMS:m/z552.30.2(MH+);保持時間:1.23分;LC条件:NLC-1)
(S)-メチル5-(2-(4-(3-((tert-ブチルジメチルシリル)オキシ)-4-(3-(チアゾール-4-イルエチニル)フェニル)ブチル)-2-オキソ-1,3,4-チアジアジナン-3-イル)エチル)チオフェン-2-カルボキシレート(中間体Z-25-1)
(中間体Z-25-1 LCMS:m/z656.43(MH+);保持時間:1.37分;LC条件:NLC-1)
(S)-5-(2-(4-(3-ヒドロキシ-4-(3-(チアゾール-4-イルエチニル)フェニル)ブチル)-2-オキソ-1,3,4-チアジアジナン-3-イル)エチル)チオフェン-2-カルボン酸
中間体Z-25-1(21.0mg)のテトラヒドロフラン(1mL)溶液をにテトラブチルアンモニウムフルオリド(1mol/L テトラヒドロフラン溶液:92.6μL)を加え、室温で3時間撹拌した。反応混合溶液をカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン/酢酸エチル)で精製することにより得た中間体(12.2mg)のテトラヒドロフラン(540μL)及びメタノール(270μL)の溶液に、1mol/L水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(270μL)を加え、室温で16時間撹拌した。反応混合溶液に、1mol/L塩酸を加え、酢酸エチルで5回抽出した後、飽和食塩水で洗浄し乾燥させた。減圧下溶媒を留去し、標記化合物(12.5mg)を得た。
(LCMS:m/z528.29(MH+);保持時間:1.08分;LC条件:NLC-1)
(LCMS:m/z511.35(MH+);保持時間:1.23分;LC条件:NLC-1)
(中間体Z-27 LCMS:m/z657.3(MH+);保持時間:1.93分;LC条件:LC-6)
(LCMS:m/z529.1(MH+);保持時間:1.63分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体Z-14-5 LCMS:m/z570.425(MH+);保持時間:4.86分;LC条件:FLC-1))
(LCMS:m/z556.023(MH+);保持時間:4.49分;LC条件:FLC-1)
(中間体Z-29-1 LCMS:m/z307.14、309.11(MH+-Boc);保持時間:1.64分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体Z-29-2 LCMS:m/z371.3(MH+);保持時間:1.51分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体Z-29-3 LCMS:m/z271.2(MH+);保持時間:0.94分;LC条件:LC-1)
中間体Z-29-3(110.7mg)と水(3.3mL)を入れたフラスコに、上で得られた残渣のエタノール(3.3mL)溶液を加え、外温110℃で15時間撹拌した。室温にした後、水に反応液を注ぎ、酢酸エチルで3回抽出した。有機相を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、乾燥後、減圧下溶媒を留去した。得られた残渣をカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン/酢酸エチル)で精製し、標記化合物(126.2mg)を得た。
(中間体Z-29-4 LCMS:m/z541.2(MH+);保持時間:1.66分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体Z-29-5 LCMS:m/z545.2(MH+);保持時間:1.60分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体Z-29-6 LCMS:m/z587.26(MH+);保持時間:1.82分;LC条件:LC-1)
(中間体Z-29-7 LCMS:m/z567.36(MH+);保持時間:1.94分;LC条件:LC-1)
(LCMS:m/z509.2(MH+);保持時間:1.53分;LC条件:LC-1)
(LCMS:m/z268.9,270.9(MH-);保持時間:1.44分;LC条件:NLC-1)
(LCMS:m/z273.0,275.1(MH+);保持時間:1.36分;LC条件:NLC-1)
(キラルLC:保持時間:21.1分;LC条件:キラルLC-1)
(LCMS:m/z301.2(MH+);保持時間:1.65分;LC条件:NLC-1)
(LCMS:m/z406.2(M+NH4+);保持時間:1.88分;LC条件:NLC-1)
(LCMS:m/z376.2(M+NH4+);保持時間:1.80分;LC条件:NLC-1)
(LCMS:m/z629.29(MH+);保持時間:2.05分;LC条件:NLC-1)
(LCMS:m/z541.19(MH+);保持時間:1.87分;LC条件:NLC-1)
(LCMS:m/z527.2(MH+);保持時間:1.26分;LC条件:NLC-1)
(キラルLC:保持時間:21.3分;LC条件:キラルLC-2)
なお、本実施例30は実施例23と同じ化合物を意味する。
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(RESOMER RG504、Evonik Industries社製)2.0gにジクロロメタン20mLを加え、超音波洗浄器を用いて溶解し、さらに、実施例23の化合物1.6mgを加えて溶解させた。この溶液を、ホモミクサー(プライミクス株式会社製、MARK II)を用いて3,000rpmで撹拌した0.1%ポリビニルアルコール水溶液300mL中に徐々に加え、室温で10分間撹拌し、o/wエマルジョンを得た。このo/wエマルジョンを室温で16時間撹拌し、ジクロロメタンを揮発させ、油層を固化させた後、遠心分離機を用いて遠心分離(3,000rpm、20℃、15分間)した。上清を除去した後、0.1%(w/v)Tween80溶液で分散し、53μmおよび20μmの篩を用いて篩過し、20μmの篩上に残った試料を遠心分離(3,000rpm、20℃、15分間)した。上清を除去した後、精製水を加えて再び遠心分離(3,000rpm、20℃、15分間)し、上清を除去した。沈殿物を-80℃で凍結後、減圧乾燥(48時間)させることによって、薬物封入率0.06%の薬物含有マイクロスフェア1.2gを得た。
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(RESOMER RG504、Evonik Industries社製)2.0gにジクロロメタン20mLを加え、超音波洗浄器を用いて溶解し、さらに、実施例23の化合物20mgを加えて溶解させた。この溶液を、ホモミクサー(プライミクス株式会社製、MARK II)を用いて3,000rpmで撹拌した0.1%ポリビニルアルコール水溶液300mL中に徐々に加え、室温で10分間撹拌し、o/wエマルジョンを得た。このo/wエマルジョンを室温で16時間撹拌し、ジクロロメタンを揮発させ、油層を固化させた後、遠心分離機を用いて遠心分離(3,000rpm、20℃、15分間)した。上清を除去した後、0.1%(w/v)Tween80溶液で分散し、53μmおよび20μmの篩を用いて篩過し、20μmの篩上に残った試料を遠心分離(3,000rpm、20℃、15分間)した。上清を除去した後、精製水を加えて再び遠心分離(3,000rpm、20℃、15分間)し、上清を除去した。沈殿物を-80℃で凍結後、減圧乾燥(48時間)させることによって、薬物封入率0.8%の薬物含有マイクロスフェア1.3gを得た。
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(RESOMER RG504、Evonik Industries社製)2.0gにジクロロメタン20mLを加え、超音波洗浄器を用いて溶解し、さらに、実施例23の化合物124mgを加えて溶解させた。この溶液を、ホモミクサー(プライミクス株式会社製、MARK II)を用いて3,000rpmで撹拌した0.1%ポリビニルアルコール水溶液300mL中に徐々に加え、室温で10分間撹拌し、o/wエマルジョンを得た。このo/wエマルジョンを室温で16時間撹拌し、ジクロロメタンを揮発させ、油層を固化させた後、遠心分離機を用いて遠心分離(3,000rpm、20℃、15分間)した。上清を除去した後、0.1%(w/v)Tween80溶液で分散し、53μmおよび20μmの篩を用いて篩過し、20μmの篩上に残った試料を遠心分離(3,000rpm、20℃、15分間)した。上清を除去した後、精製水を加えて再び遠心分離(3,000rpm、20℃、15分間)し、上清を除去した。沈殿物を-80℃で凍結後、減圧乾燥(48時間)させることによって、薬物封入率3.7%の薬物含有マイクロスフェア1.1gを得た。
本発明の化合物のEP4受容体アゴニスト活性を調べるために、ヒトEP4受容体を安
定発現させたHEK293を用いてcAMPの産生の測定を行った。
(1) 測定方法
Refseq Databaseを利用し、ProstaglandinE Receptorを検索した結果、ヒトEP4(NM_000958)受容体の遺伝子情報が得られた。これらの配列情報をもとに、ヒトcDNAを鋳型としたPCR法により、常法に従ってヒトEP4受容体遺伝子のクローニングを行い、ヒトEP4受容体を安定発現させたHEK293を樹立した。凍結保存した該細胞を解凍して使用する場合、10%FBSおよび50単位のペニシリン、ストレプトマイシン含有のDulbecco’sModified Eagle’s Medium(以下、Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s MediumをDMEMと略すことがある)培地を用いて一定期間(1~2週間程度)内で3回以上の継代を行った細胞を用いた。継代培養した該細胞をpoly-D-Lysineコーティングの96穴プレートに2×104~2.5×104個/wellで播種し、1日間培養した。各wellの培地を吸引除去後、DMEM80μLを加え、37℃で15分間インキュベートした。その後、PGE2または試験化合物(最終濃度の5倍濃度)入りのassaymedium(100mM HEPES、1mM IBMXを含むDMEM)20μLを添加して反応を開始し、37℃で30分間反応させた後、培地を吸引除去し、cAMPScreen Kit(Applied Biosystems社製)に含まれるAssay/Lysis Buffer 100μLを添加して反応を停止させた。その後、37℃で30分間インキュベートしたものをcAMP定量用サンプルとし、cAMPScreen Kitに記載された方法に準じ、サンプル中のcAMP量を定量した。化合物濃度とcAMP量の非線形回帰により、cAMPを最大増加量の50%まで上昇させるのに必要な化合物の濃度(EC50値)を、KaleidaGraphを用いて算出した。
表1に示す通り、本発明の化合物は優れたEP4作動活性を示した。特に本発明の化合物に近似する公知化合物である比較例1(Comparative Example 1)に対しても優れたEP4作動活性を示した。
なお、EP4作動活性を複数回測定した化合物については、必要に応じそれらの平均値を示した。また、表中のExp.No.は実施例番号を示す。
各EP受容体サブタイプへの選択性を評価するため、ヒトEP2、ヒトEP3、及びヒトEP4受容体を安定発現させた細胞膜に対する試験化合物の[3H]PGE2結合阻害活性の測定を行った。
(1)測定方法
Prostaglandin E Receptor EP2、EP3、EP4の膜画分は、それぞれMerck Millipore社のHTS185M、HTS092M、HTS142Mを10.0μg protein/tube使用した。該膜画分を試験化合物及び[3H]PGE2を含む反応液(250μL/tube)と共に25℃で60分間インキュベートした。[3H]PGE2の最終濃度は、EP2測定系では2.56nmol/L、EP3測定系では1.54nmol/L、EP4測定系では1.24nmol/Lとした。反応後、セルハーベスターで膜画分をろ紙に回収し、ろ紙を測定バイアルビンに移し、液体シンチレーションカウンターで測定した。
EP2用バッファー;5mmol/L MgCl2、1mmol/L CaCl2及び0.2%BSAを含む50mmol/L HEPES-NaOH(pH7.4)
EP3用バッファー;10mmol/L MgCl2及び1mmol/L EDTAを含む50mmol/L Tris-HCl(pH7.4)
EP4用バッファー;5mmol/L MgCl2、1mmol/L CaCl2及び0.2%BSAを含む50mmol/L HEPES-NaOH(pH7.4)
試験化合物の[3H]PGE2結合阻害活性についてdose-response curveを作成し、試験化合物が、[3H]PGE2とレセプターの結合を50%抑制する濃度(IC50値)を算出した。
表2に示す通り、本発明の化合物は優れたEP4選択性を示した。
なお、表中のExp.No.は実施例番号を示す。
本発明の化合物の骨形成促進作用を調べるために、ラット大腿骨に化合物を作用させて、形成された新生骨を評価した。
(1)測定方法
8週齢の雌性SDラット(日本チャールスリバー社)に、3種混合麻酔(塩酸メデトミジン、ミダゾラム、酒石酸ブトルファノール)下に横臥位に保定した。バリカンで左大腿部の毛を刈り、70%エタノールで消毒した後、試験化合物をin situ固化ゲル溶液、具体的にはPoly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(RESOMER RG502H、Evonik Industries社製)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-polyethylene glycol block copolymer(5050 DLG mPEG 5000、Lakeshore Biomaterials社製)/N-methyl-2-pyrroridone(Wako社製)(47%/3%/50%重量比)に溶解、充填した1mLシリンジに21G注射針を連結し、経皮的に大腿四頭筋から大腿骨骨幹部中心付近の骨膜まで針を刺入した。その後、大腿四頭筋と骨膜の間に試験化合物量として100μg、投与ボリュームとして50μLを注入し、注射針を引き抜いた。対照群には前述のin situ固化ゲル溶液を単独で投与した。薬液投与から1週間後に、動物に3種混合麻酔を施し、仰臥位に固定して放血させることにより安楽死させた。左大腿骨を摘出、筋肉などの周囲組織を除去し、骨塩量測定装置DCS-600EX(ALOKA社製)にて大腿骨全体の骨塩量を測定し、次にそれを長軸に沿って3等分割して真ん中部位(骨幹部)の骨塩量を評価した。各群6例で試験を実施した。
本発明の代表的化合物投与群では、対照群に比して左大腿骨骨幹部の骨塩量が増加した(表3~5)。一方、薬液投与を施していない右大腿骨骨幹部の骨塩量に影響はなかった。この結果から本発明の化合物は局所投与による骨形成促進剤として有用であることが確認された。またいずれの化合物投与群でも死亡例はなく、PGE2投与によりみられる副作用も観察されず、本発明の化合物は安全に投与できることが示された。
なお、試験結果は試験毎に記載した。
本発明の化合物の骨形成促進作用を調べるために、試験化合物を含有するマイクロスフェアをイヌの大腿骨近傍に投与することの影響について、投与後に形成された新生骨を測定することにより骨形成促進作用を評価した。
(1)測定方法
9から11月齢の雌性ビーグル犬(北山ラベル株式会社)に、塩酸ケタミン(ケタラール500mg,第一三共プロファーマ株式会社)およびキシラジン(セラクタール2%注射液,バイエル薬品株式会社)の1:1混合液を約0.5mL/kg投与して麻酔を行い、維持麻酔に吸入麻酔器IMPAC6(VetEquip Inc)による日本薬局方イソフルラン(エルカイン,マイラン製薬株式会社)を用いた。右後肢の大腿骨周辺を刈毛、消毒した後、1mLの注射シリンジと21Gの注射針を用いて、大腿骨骨幹部の骨膜周囲に試験化合物(実施例23)を含有するマイクロスフェア(製剤例1又は製剤例2に記載の方法に準じて製造された)をCMC溶液に懸濁したマイクロスフェア懸濁液350μLを経皮的に投与した。試験化合物の投与量は、0.01、0.1、1.0、10、または100μg/siteとし、それぞれに相当する量の上記マイクロスフェアを用いた。対照群として、試験化合物を含有しないマイクロスフェアを350μLのCMC溶液に懸濁した薬液を単独で投与した。薬液投与から4週間後に、動物をペントバルビタールナトリウム(ソムノペンチル)麻酔下で放血させることにより安楽死させた。左右の大腿骨を摘出した後、10%中性緩衝ホルマリン液に浸漬して保存した。大腿骨の骨塩量は、DiscoveryX線骨密度測定装置(東洋メディック株式会社製)にて測定した。各群4例で試験を実施した。
上記マイクロスフェア懸濁液をイヌの大腿骨骨幹部に投与して4週間後、対照群に比して、試験化合物の投与量として1.0μg、10μg、および100μgの投与によって投与量依存的に大腿骨の骨塩量が増加した(表6)。この結果から本態様化合物は局所投与による骨形成促進剤として有用であることが確認された。また、いずれの投与群でも死亡例はなく、PGE2投与により通常見られる副作用も観察されず、本態様化合物を含有する上記マイクロスフェア製剤は安全に投与できることが示された。
本発明の化合物の骨折治癒促進作用を調べるために、試験化合物を含有するマイクロスフェアをラット大腿骨閉鎖骨折モデルの骨折部位に注射することの影響について確認した。
(1)測定方法
13週齢の雌性SDラット(日本SLC社)を、3種混合麻酔(塩酸メデトミジン、ミダゾラム、酒石酸ブトルファノール)下に横臥位に保定した。バリカンで左膝から大腿部にかけて毛を刈り、日局ポピドンヨード(動物用イソジン液、明治製菓ファルマ株式会社;1mL中日局ポビドンヨード20mg)で消毒した後、膝部位の皮膚および膝蓋骨側部の内側広筋を切開し、膝蓋骨を大腿骨頭よりずらした。露出した大腿骨頭の顆間窩に先端にドリルビットを取り付けた穿孔器をあて、手動で回転させることにより穿孔した。その穴からあらかじめ長さ31mmに切断した直径1.2mmのキルシュナー鋼線(ミズホ株式会社)を大腿骨の髄腔内に挿入した。その後、小型卓上万能試験機(EZ Test、(株)島津製作所)の3点曲げ試験治具に左大腿部を固定し、力学的負荷を加えることにより大腿骨骨幹部を閉鎖骨折させた。骨折導入の成否は、軟X線発生装置(M-100W、ソフテックス(株))およびデジタルX線センサー(NX-04、(株)アールエフ)によりレントゲン像で大腿骨骨幹部に完全な横骨折が得られていることにより確認した。試験化合物(実施例23)を含有するマイクロスフェア(製剤例3に記載の方法に準じて製造された)をCMC溶液に懸濁して得たマイクロスフェア懸濁液のうち、投与ボリュームとして100μL(試験化合物量として100あるいは300μgを含有)を、骨折部に注入した。対照群として前述の試験化合物を含有しないマイクロスフェアを100μLのCMC溶液に懸濁した薬液を単独で投与した。骨折1、2、3週後において、イソフルラン麻酔下に軟X線を撮影し、X線撮像の仮骨部位の面積をImage Jを用いて定量した。骨折4週間後に、3種混合麻酔下に軟X線を撮影した後、仰臥位に固定して放血させることにより安楽死させ、左大腿骨を摘出した。骨折4週後の軟X線撮像について、盲検下に仮骨の連続性の有無を確認することによって骨癒合を判定した。大腿骨サンプルは骨強度試験の実施まで冷凍保存し、試験当日は骨強度測定装置(MZ-500S、(株)マルトー)を用いてねじり強度を測定した。
なお、ラットをイヌに代え、本試験の方法に準じて行うことも可能である。
試験化合物投与群では、対照群に比し、骨折2週後以降、骨折仮骨面積の増加が認められ(表7)、骨折25日後にX線画像によって判定した骨癒合率が明らかに改善していた(表8)。また、試験合物投与群から摘出された骨折4週後の大腿骨では、対照群に比し、ねじり試験による骨強度(最大回転力)の増加が認められた(表8)。この結果から、本態様化合物は骨折治癒過程において、骨癒合の促進剤として有用であることが確認された。またいずれの化合物投与群でも死亡例はなく、PGE2投与により通常見られる副作用も観察されず、本態様化合物を含有する上記マイクロスフェア製剤は安全に投与できることが示された。
本発明の化合物の脊椎固定における骨癒合促進作用を調べるために、イヌの腰椎後側方固定モデルを用い、自家骨移植の際に試験化合物を含有するマイクロスフェアを混合することの影響について確認した。
(1)測定方法
12ヶ月から13ヶ月齢の雄性ビーグル犬(北山ラベス株式会社)に対して、塩酸ケタミン(ケタラール500mg、第一三共プロファーマ株式会社)およびキシラジン(セラクタール2%注射液、バイエル薬品株式会社)の1:1混合液を約0.5mL/kgの用量で投与して麻酔導入した後、日本薬局方イソフルラン(エルカイン、マイラン製薬株式会社)を吸入麻酔器IMPAC6(VetEquip Inc)で吸入させることにより麻酔状態を維持した。動物を腹臥位に固定し、左右にある上後腸骨棘から腸骨稜の周辺および腰背部の広い範囲の被毛を刈毛し、日局ポピドンヨード(動物用イソジン液、明治製菓ファルマ株式会社;1mL中日局ポビドンヨード20mg)および消毒用エタノール液(和光純薬工業株式会社)で消毒した。メスを用いて上後腸骨棘から腸骨稜に沿って皮膚および軟部組織を切開した後、腸骨稜を覆う筋肉を骨膜下に剥離して腸骨稜を露出した。ロンジュールおよび骨鋏を用いて左右それぞれの腸骨およそ2gを採取し、圧迫止血を行った。採取した腸骨は軟部組織を剥離した後、骨鋏で細かく砕き、1mm大のチップ状にして左右それぞれ2gの移植骨を作製した。次に、腰背部の棘突起に沿って皮膚をメスで切開し、左右の腰背筋膜を切開した後、多烈筋・最長筋の筋膜間を剥離、切開しながら第4および第5腰椎の横突起を露出した。横突起に付着する軟部組織を剥離した後に、横突起表面の皮質骨を電気ドリル(OS-40MV2、長田電機工業株式会社)でデコルチケーションして骨移植母床を作製した。先に作製した移植骨(2g)は、試験化合物(実施例23)10、30、または100μgに相当する量のマイクロスフェア(製剤例1に記載の方法に準じて製造された)を800μLのCMC溶液に懸濁したマイクロスフェア懸濁液と十分に混合し、左右の第4および第5腰椎の横突起および横突起間の移植骨母床に埋植した。自家骨埋植後は、腰背筋膜、皮下組織、および皮膚を縫合し、術部を消毒した。手術12週間後にペントバルビツール酸ナトリウム(ソムノペンチル、共立製薬株式会社)の過剰投与(30mg/kg)による安楽死の後、腰椎を摘出した。盲検下に第4および第5において徒手による可動性確認(Manural Palpation)による骨癒合の判定およびSoftexM-60型(ソフテックス株式会社)を用いた軟X線撮影を1方向から行った。軟X線撮像から表9の評価基準に従い各画像を1名が盲検下に評価した。各群5例で試験を実施した。
腰椎標本を取り出して軟X線像から石灰化の程度により骨形成を評価したところ、試験化合物を含有しないマイクロスフェアを自家移植腸骨に混合した対照群では5例中5例において第4-第5腰椎間に可動性を認め、軟X線像において横突起間の石灰化を認めなかった。一方、試験化合物を含有する上記マイクロスフェア投与群では、10、30、または100μgの各投与量において、各群5例中1例で第4-第5腰椎間に可動性ありと判定されたが、それぞれ残りの4例はいずれも可動性無しと判定された。軟X線像において、いずれの投与量においても第4-第5腰椎横突起間に骨形成の促進および骨性の連続性を認めた、すなわち連続性スコアが2点以上であった。また、そのスコアは投与量依存的に増加した(表10 順に2.4±0.5、2.6±0.5、2.8±0.4)。
この結果から、本態様化合物は、自家骨移植による脊椎固定術において、骨癒合の促進剤として有用であることが確認された。なお、いずれの投与群でも死亡例はなく、PGE2投与により通常見られる副作用も観察されず、本態様化合物を含有する上記マイクロスフェアは、脊椎固定手術において安全に投与できることが示された。
Claims (19)
- 下記一般式(1):
R1は、-H又はハロゲンを示し;
Ar1は、-F及びメチルからなる群より選択される1~3個の同一又は異なった置換基で置換されていてもよい、G1群より選択されるいずれかの置換基(但し、
ここでG1群は、
Ar2は、シアノ、-Cl、メチル、メトキシ、及びフェニルからなる群より選択される1~3個の同一又は異なった置換基で置換されていてもよい、G2群より選択されるいずれかの置換基(但し、
ここでG2群は、フェニル、チエニル、フリル、及びチアゾリルからなる群であり;
*は不斉炭素を示す]
で示される化合物又はその塩。 - R1が、-H、-Cl、又は-Brである、請求項1に記載の化合物又はその塩。
- R1が-Hである、請求項7に記載の化合物又はその塩。
- R1が-Clである、請求項7に記載の化合物又はその塩。
- R1が-Brである、請求項7に記載の化合物又はその塩。
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CN111511736A (zh) | 2020-08-07 |
US20210188837A1 (en) | 2021-06-24 |
AU2018396402C1 (en) | 2021-03-18 |
RU2020120817A (ru) | 2022-01-27 |
EP3733665A4 (en) | 2021-06-02 |
US10988468B2 (en) | 2021-04-27 |
PT3733665T (pt) | 2022-10-21 |
JPWO2019131582A1 (ja) | 2021-01-14 |
MX2020006307A (es) | 2020-09-17 |
ES2929799T3 (es) | 2022-12-01 |
CA3086662A1 (en) | 2019-07-04 |
CN111511736B (zh) | 2023-03-24 |
KR102446027B1 (ko) | 2022-09-21 |
US20200347046A1 (en) | 2020-11-05 |
US11667630B2 (en) | 2023-06-06 |
RU2020120817A3 (ja) | 2022-01-27 |
AU2018396402B2 (en) | 2020-10-29 |
CA3086662C (en) | 2022-01-25 |
EP3733665A1 (en) | 2020-11-04 |
JP6896106B2 (ja) | 2021-06-30 |
AU2018396402A1 (en) | 2020-07-09 |
BR112020012405A2 (pt) | 2020-11-24 |
PL3733665T3 (pl) | 2023-02-06 |
EP3733665B1 (en) | 2022-09-28 |
KR20200073265A (ko) | 2020-06-23 |
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